Men gốm – wikipedia tiếng việt

Men gốm %iFK NKRD WRjQ WKѭ Pӣ :LNLSHGLD

Men gốm Oj PӝW OӟS WKӫ\ WLQK Fy FKLӅX Gj\ Wӯ ± PP SKӫ OrQ EӅ PһW [ѭѫQJ JӕP /ӟS WKXӹ WLQK Qj\ KuQK WKjQK WURQJ TXi WUuQK QXQJ Yj Fy WiF GөQJ OjP FKR EӅ PһW VҧQ SKҭP WUӣ QrQ VtW ÿһF QKҹQ EyQJ

Công thức và nguyên liệu 0HQ JӕP WX\ EҧQ FKҩW Oj WKӫ\ WLQK QKѭQJ SKӕL OLӋX NK{QJ KRjQ WRjQ JLӕQJ EӣL WKӫ\ WLQK WK{QJ WKѭӡQJ NKL QҩX Fy WKӇ FKӭD WURQJ EӇ NKXҩ\ FKR ÿӗQJ QKҩW Yj NKӱ EӑW 0HQ NKL QyQJ FKҧ\ SKҧL ÿӗQJ QKҩW Pj NK{QJ FҫQ PӝW Vӵ WUӧ JL~S Fѫ KӑF QjR QrQ SKӕL OLӋX SKҧL NK{QJ Fy YұW FKҩW QjR NK{QJ WKӇ WҥR SKD WKӫ\ WLQK 'R ÿy điều cần thiết đầu tiên là phải tạo được một hỗn hợp chảy lỏng đồng nhất ở nhiệt độ mong muốn 7URQJ TXi WUuQK QyQJ FKҧ\ Yj QJD\ VDX ÿy FiF {[tW WURQJ PHQ SKҧQ ӭQJ YӟL EӅ PһW [ѭѫQJ JӕP ÿӇ WҥR QrQ PӝW OӟS WUXQJ JLDQ 3KҧQ ӭQJ Qj\ UҩW TXDQ WUӑQJ Yu Qy ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿӃQ ÿӝ EӅQ Fѫ KӑF FӫD PHQ Qy NK{QJ FKӍ SKө WKXӝF WKjQK SKҫQ KyD KӑF FKXQJ FӫD PHQ Pj FzQ SKө WKXӝF WӯQJ {[tW ULrQJ 'R ÿy điều cần thiết thứ hai là thành phần hóa của men phải gần giống thành phần hóa của xương gốm

Mục lục &{QJ WKӭF Yj QJX\rQ OLӋX &{QJ WKӭF 1JX\rQ OLӋX 6ҧQ [XҩW 3KѭѫQJ SKiS Fә ÿLӇQ 3KѭѫQJ SKiS IULW 7tQK FKҩW 7UҥQJ WKiL OӓQJ 7tQK FKҧ\ OӓQJ 1KLӋW ÿӝ QyQJ FKҧ\ Ĉӝ QKӟW 6ӭF FăQJ EӅ PһW 7UҥQJ WKiL UҳQ +Ӌ Vӕ JLmQ Qӣ QKLӋW Ĉӝ FӭQJ 7tQK FiFK ÿLӋQ Ĉӝ EӅQ KRi /ӟS WUXQJ JLDQ 0jX VҳF Ð[tW KRһF PXӕL FӫD NLP ORҥL &KҩW WҥR PjX EӅQ QKLӋW &{QJ WKӭF SKӕL OLӋX PӝW Vӕ PjX GѭӟL PHQ &{QJ WKӭF SKӕL OLӋX PjX YӁ WURQJ PHQ &{QJ WKӭF SKӕL OLӋX PӝW Vӕ PjX WUrQ PHQ 3KkQ ORҥL 7KHR WKjQK SKҫQ 7KHR FiFK VҧQ [XҩW 7KHR QKLӋW ÿӝ QXQJ 7KHR WKҭP Pӻ 7KDP NKҧR ;HP WKrP /LrQ NӃW QJRjL

4Xi WUuQK OjP QJXӝL JLҧP QKLӋW [ҧ\ UD QJѭӧF YӟL TXi WUuQK QXQJ WăQJ QKLӋW

1ӃX KӋ Vӕ JLmQ Qӣ QKLӋW FӫD PHQ Yj [ѭѫQJ NK{QJ SK KӧS QKDX VӁ Jk\ UD ERQJ KRһF QӭW PHQ 'R ÿy điều cần thiết thứ ba là hệ số giãn nở nhiệt của men và xương phải phù hợp nhau 0HQ QXQJ [RQJ SKҧL FӭQJ QKҹQ EyQJ QJRҥL WUӯ PHQ PDW %rQ FҥQK ÿy WtQK WURQJ VXӕW NK{QJ PjX WtQK ViQJ EyQJ FӫD PHQ NK{QJ SKҧL O~F QjR FNJQJ QKѭ PRQJ PXӕQ 1ӃX [ѭѫQJ JӕP Fy PjX WKu SKҧL G QJ PHQ ÿөF ÿӇ FKH OҩS PjX FӫD [ѭѫQJ QJRjL UD Fy WKӇ FKӃ WҥR PHQ PDW EӅ PһW QKѭ ViS PHQ NӃW WLQK Yj Y{ Vӕ PHQ PjX NKiF 'R ÿy điều cần thiết thứ tư là thành phần hóa của men phải được điều chỉnh sao cho men có được các tính chất cơ­lý­hoá­quang mong muốn

Công thức 7URQJ F{QJ QJKLӋS WKӫ\ WLQK WKѭӡQJ G QJ WKjQK SKҫQ FiF FҩX Wӱ ÿӇ VR ViQK QKѭQJ WURQJ F{QJ QJKLӋS JӕP Vӭ QJѭӡL WD KD\ G QJ Wӹ OӋ SKkQ Wӱ Yj WҩW QKLrQ Fy WKӇ FKX\ӇQ ÿәL TXD OҥL JLӳD KDL F{QJ WKӭF Qj\ 6HJHU ÿm ÿѭD UD FiFK VҳS [ӃS FiF {[tW Fy WURQJ WKjQK SKҫQ PHQ WKjQK QKyP FKtQK {[tW ED]ѫ {[tW D[tW Yj {[tW OѭӥQJ WtQK &iF QKyP Qj\ ÿѭӧF VҳS [ӃS WKHR WUuQK Wӵ VDX Yj WұS KӧS Qj\ ÿѭӧF JӑL Oj F{QJ WKӭF 6HJHU FӫD PHQ 52 x $O 2 y 6L2 z % 2 5 Oj ELӇX KLӋQ FKR FiF NLP ORҥL VDX 3E . 1D &D 0J %D /L =Q ĈӕL YӟL PHQ PjX Fy WKӇ Oj &R 1L &X 0Q )H Ð[tW OѭӥQJ WtQK QҵP [HQ NӁ JLӳD {[tW ED]ѫ Yj {[tW D[tW QKyP Qj\ FKӫ \ӃX Oj $O 2 Ð[tW D[tW EDR JӗP 6L2 Oj FKtQK QJRjL UD Fy WKӇ Fy WKrP % 2

&iF PRO WKjQK SKҫQ FӫD {[tW D[tW Yj {[tW OѭӥQJ WtQK ÿѭӧF WtQK TX\ ÿәL WKHR FKXҭQ FӫD {[tW ED]ѫ 7әQJ FiF PRO WKjQK SKҫQ FӫD FiF {[tW ED]ѫ OX{Q TX\ YӅ EҵQJ

Nguyên liệu 0HQ JӕP Oj PӝW KӋ SKӭF WҥS JӗP QKLӅX {[tW QKѭ /L 2 1D 2 . 2 3E2 % 2 &D2 =Q2 0J2 $O 2 )H 2 6L2 ÿѭӧF ÿѭD YjR GѭӟL FiF GҥQJ VDX 1JX\rQ OLӋX GҿR plastic JӗP Fy FDR ODQK kaolin ÿҩW VpW clay EӝW WDOF steatit EHWRQLW 1JX\rQ OLӋX NK{QJ GҿR nonplastic GѭӟL GҥQJ NKRiQJ JӗP Fy WUѭӡQJ WKҥFK ÿ{O{PtW ÿi Y{L FiW 1JX\rQ OLӋX NK{QJ GҿR GѭӟL GҥQJ KyD FKҩW F{QJ QJKLӋS %D&2 1D &2 . &2 ERUD[ GkQ JLDQ JӑL Oj KjQ WKH D[tW ERULF &U 2 =Q2 KRһF FiF ORҥL IULW Xem thêm trang Matrix­Additional Materials Lists (http://www.matrix2000.co.nz/MaterialsWeb/) để biết danh sách các nguyên liệu sản xuất men gốm

Sản xuất Phương pháp cổ điển 3KѭѫQJ SKiS Qj\ Fy WKӇ iS GөQJ FKR KҫX KӃW FiF ORҥL PHQ VӕQJ Yj [XҩW SKiW Wӯ UҩW OkX 3KѭѫQJ SKiS Qj\ ÿѫQ JLҧQ FKӍ Oj QJKLӅQ SKӕL OLӋX WURQJ Pi\ QJKLӅQ EL JLiQ ÿRҥQ ÿӃQ NKL ÿӝ PӏQ TXD KӃW VjQJ Oӛ FP KRһF FzQ OҥL GѭӟL

7URQJ TXi WUuQK QJKLӅQ FҫQ NKӕQJ FKӃ ÿӝ PӏQ WKtFK KӧS Yu QӃX QKѭ QJKLӅQ TXi PӏQ PHQ VӁ Eӏ FXӕQ KRһF ERQJ PHQ QӃX PHQ TXi WK{ VӁ Jk\ QKiP EӅ PһW Yj WăQJ QKLӋW ÿӝ QXQJ PӝW FiFK ÿiQJ NӇ ĈӕL YӟL PHQ WUҳQJ ÿөF Yj PHQ WURQJ KRһF PHQ FKR Vӭ FiFK ÿLӋQ VDX NKL QJKLӅQ FҫQ WKLӃW SKҧL ÿѭD TXD Pi\ NKӱ Wӯ ÿӇ ORҥL Eӓ VҳW Yj {[tW VҳW Fy WURQJ QJX\rQ OLӋX KRһF GR Vӵ PjL PzQ FӫD Pi\ QJKLӅQ 7K{QJ WKѭӡQJ PHQ GӉ Eӏ OҳQJ OjP FKR FiF FҩX Wӱ WURQJ PHQ SKkQ Eӕ NK{QJ ÿӅX Yj Jk\ OӛL VҧQ SKҭP ÿӇ KҥQ FKӃ SKҧL G QJ FiF ELӋQ SKiS QKѭ /jP FKR PHQ ÿһF OrQ KjP ҭP QKӓ KѫQ

*LҧP EӟW ÿӝ QJKLӅQ PӏQ PHQ NK{QJ TXi PӏQ

7KrP ÿҩW VpW FDR ODQK KRһF EHQWRQLW ÿӇ WăQJ ÿӝ KX\ӅQ SK Yj OjP PHQ ÿһF KѫQ 7KrP PӝW tW WLQK EӝW ÿH[WULQ NHR JOXWLQ NHR [HQOXO{ KRһF WKrP YjR PӝW tW 1+ DPRQ R[DODW KRһF PӝW D[tW \ӃX

Phương pháp frit 3KѭѫQJ SKiS IULW Fy WKӇ NKҳF SKөF ÿѭӧF WҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ QKѭӧF ÿLӇP FӫD SKѭѫQJ SKiS Fә WUX\ӅQ Pj TXDQ WURQJ QKҩW Oj NKҳF SKөF JLҧP WKLӇX

ÿѭӧF \ӃX Wӕ ÿӝF KҥL FӫD QKӳQJ QJX\rQ OLӋX ÿѭD YjR PHQ QKѭ 3E2 Fy WKӇ Jk\ XQJ WKѭ ÿӗQJ WKӡL JLҧL TX\ӃW EjL WRiQ WKD\ WKӃ QJX\rQ OLӋX NKL QJX\rQ OLӋX NKDL WKiF NK{QJ әQ ÿӏQK YӅ FKҩW OѭӧQJ Yj PӝW Vӕ QJX\rQ OLӋX ÿDQJ Fy QJX\ Fѫ FҥQ NLӋW 3KѭѫQJ SKiS Qj\ FKR SKpS F{QJ QJKӋ VҧQ [XҩW PHQ JӕP Fy WKӇ ÿD GҥQJ KRi WURQJ YLӋF Vӱ GөQJ QJX\rQ OLӋX ÿӇ FKR UD QKӳQJ VҧQ SKҭP WLQK [ҧR KҥQ FKӃ UӫL UR WURQJ VҧQ [XҩW Yj KѫQ WKӃ QӳD Fy WKӇ FKR UD ÿӡL QKӳQJ VҧQ SKҭP F{QJ QJKLӋS ÿiS ӭQJ QKX FҫX QJj\ FjQJ FDR FӫD WKӃ JLӟL 3KѭѫQJ SKiS Qj\ EDR JӗP F{QJ ÿRҥQ FKtQK

.KӕL PHQ FKҧ\ OӓQJ ÿѭӧF OjP QJXӝL QKDQK EҵQJ FiFK ÿә YjR QѭӟF

Frit hoá 3KӕL OLӋX ÿѭӧF QҩX FKR FKҧ\ OӓQJ ӣ ⁰& ӣ Oz TXD\ KRһF Oz EӇ WѭѫQJ Wӵ Oz QҩX WKXӹ WLQK ÿӇ KӛQ KӧS QJX\rQ OLӋX FKX\ӇQ KRjQ WRjQ VDQJ SKD WKXӹ WLQK VDX ÿy OjP OҥQK UҩW QKDQK ÿӇ SKi Yӥ NӃW FҩX NKӕL WKXӹ WLQK FKҧ\ ÿy 7URQJ NKL WtQK SKӕL OLӋX FҫQ OѭX ê 7URQJ FiF ORҥL IULW Wӹ OӋ {[tW ED]ѫ Yj 6L2 tW QKҩW Oj Yj FDR QKҩW Oj ĈӕL YӟL IULW NLӅP ӭQJ YӟL PRO NLӅP SKҧL ÿѭD YjR PRO 6L2 Yj WKѭӡQJ SKҧL ÿѭD WKrP &D2 KRһF 3E2 YjR ÿӇ FiF IULW WUӣ WKjQK FiF FKҩW NK{QJ WDQ WURQJ QѭӟF 7ӕW KѫQ Fҧ Oj ÿѭD WKrP % 2 WKHR Wӹ OӋ VDR FKR 6L2 % 2 ! 1ӃX IULW QJRjL 6L2 3E2 Yj % 2 Pj FzQ Fy NLӅP ҦQK PӝW ORҥL )ULW (nhấn vào hình để xem WKu Wӹ OӋ 6L2 % 2 WKѭӡQJ 1ӃX QKLӅX NLӅP KѫQ ảnh lớn hơn) QӳD FҫQ SKҧL ÿѭD WKrP $O 2 ÿӃQ PӭF VDR FKR NK{QJ ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿӃQ PHQ FҫQ WҥR 7KjQK SKҫQ KRi FӫD IULW VDX NKL QҩX SKө WKXӝF QKLӅX YjR NLӇX Oz WKӡL JLDQ QҩX Yj SKө WKXӝF OӟQ YjR EҧQ FKҩW QJX\rQ OLӋX ÿѭD YjR SKӕL OLӋX

EҧQ FKҩW QJX\rQ OLӋX ÿѭD YjR SKӕL OLӋX Nghiền men 0ӝW IULW Fy WKӇ Fy WKjQK SKҫQ KRi ÿiS ӭQJ \rX FҫX Yj Fy WKӇ FRL ÿy Oj PӝW PHQ WKjQK SKҭP QKѭQJ QӃX Qy NK{QJ ÿiS ӭQJ ÿӫ WKu FҫQ SKҧL Fy ELӋQ SKiS E WtQK FҩS SKӕL OҫQ 7URQJ TXi WUuQK QJKLӅQ FҫQ Eә VXQJ FKҩW WҥR KX\ӅQ SK FKӕQJ OҳQJ

Tính chất Trạng thái lỏng Tính chảy lỏng 0HQ SKҧL FKҧ\ OӓQJ KRjQ WRjQ ӣ QKLӋW ÿӝ PRQJ PXӕQ .UHLGO Yj :H\O ÿm U~W UD QKӳQJ QJX\rQ Oê YӅ Vӵ WKD\ ÿәL GӵD WUrQ FҩX WU~F ÿӇ PHQ GӉ FKҧ\ KѫQ EDR JӗP \ӃX Wӕ WURQJ VҧQ [XҩW WKѭӡQJ QKӳQJ \ӃX Wӕ Qj\ ÿӇ ÿLӅX FKӍQK Vӵ FKҧ\ OӓQJ FӫD PHQ *LҧP {[tW NLӅP Yj FKR WKrP D[tW ERULF PHQ VӁ GӉ FKҧ\ KѫQ Wӯ ÿy JLҧP KӋ Vӕ JLmQ Qӣ QKLӋW Yj Kҥ WKҩS QKLӋW ÿӝ QyQJ FKҧ\ FӫD PHQ 7ăQJ {[tW NLӅP Yj JLҧP 6L2 VӁ OjP FKR PHQ GӉ FKҧ\ KѫQ 7KD\ 6L2 EӣL 7L2 KRһF 3E2 VӁ OjP JLҧP ÿLӇP QyQJ FKҧ\ 7KD\ . EҵQJ 1D KRһF /L VӁ OjP FKR PHQ GӉ FKҧ\ KѫQ 7KD\ FiF DQLRQ Fy KyD WUӏ QKѭ &O ) %U EӣL FiF DQLRQ Fy KyD WUӏ VӁ OjP \ӃX FҩX WU~F PHQ GR ÿy VӁ OjP JLҧP QKLӋW ÿӝ QyQJ FKҧ\ .LӃQ WKӭF YӅ KӛQ KӧS HXWHFWL FӫD KӛQ KӧS FKӭD {[tW QK{P Oj UҩW TXDQ WUӑQJ Yu {[tW QK{P ÿѭӧF [HP QKѭ Oj PӝW FҩX Wӱ FKtQK FӫD PHQ WKӃ QKѭQJ {[tW QK{P OҥL Oj PӝW FKҩW FKӏX OӱD .KL WKrP {[tW QK{P YjR PHQ EDQ ÿҫX QKLӋW ÿӝ QyQJ FKҧ\ JLҧP [XӕQJ FKR ÿӃQ ÿLӇP HXWHFWL QKѭQJ VDX ÿy OҥL WăQJ OrQ Yu WKӃ FҫQ FKR WKjQK SKҫQ {[tW QK{P VDR FKR KӛQ KӧS JҫQ ÿLӇP HXWHFWL QKҩW .LӃQ WKӭF YӅ QKLӋW ÿӝ QyQJ FKҧ\ WKҩS QKҩW FӫD PӝW KӋ ÿLӇP HXWHFWL NK{QJ FKӍ KӳX GөQJ WURQJ YLӋF VҧQ [XҩW PHQ QKLӋW ÿӝ WKҩS Pj FzQ KӳX GөQJ WURQJ YLӋF WuP UD PӝW PHQ NK{QJ Eӏ KRi PӅP WURQJ NKRҧQJ QKLӋW ÿӝ Pj VҧQ SKҭP VӁ ÿѭӧF Vӱ GөQJ Nhiệt độ nóng chảy 1KLӋW ÿӝ QyQJ FKҧ\ FӫD PHQ SKө WKXӝF WKjQK SKҫQ SKӕL OLӋX Yj FiF {[tW Fy PһW WURQJ PHQ 1KLӋW ÿӝ QyQJ FKҧ\ FӫD PHQ VӁ WKD\ ÿәL QӃX QKѭ Fy PӝW \ӃX Wӕ WKD\ ÿәL QKѭQJ PӝW Vӕ \ӃX Wӕ VDX VӁ GүQ ÿӃQ Vӵ WKD\ ÿәL OӟQ ÿy Oj 7KD\ ÿәL Wӹ OӋ {[tW NLӅP 6L2 Wӹ OӋ FjQJ OӟQ QKLӋW ÿӝ PHQ FjQJ JLҧP

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ĈӇ [iF ÿӏQK NKRҧQJ QKLӋW ÿӝ QyQJ FKҧ\ FӫD PHQ Fy WKӇ G QJ F{QJ WKӭF WtQK JҫQ ÿ~QJ KRһF G QJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS WKӵF QJKLӋP Công thức xác định khoảng nóng chảy của men: Fy GҥQJ VDX .

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