model

GifÔ c [\ cX m`\ 8]^`]k\bXekffi 1 >\ek O G,', **,&,).

GIF=@C

9\c^` $ 9\c^`hl\ G%G% $ G%9% 9&.)0

GI<D@<IJ J<:FLIJ 8JJ@JK8E:< Á C yKI8E><I Á =8@I< 8M8EK ;< G8IK@I >@J<CC8

Jpm\e\ C< ;yG8IK

[\j `e]fj gfli le k \e kflk\ j Zli`k

AF9J ;< M8:8E:<J Kflk Z\ hl `c ]Xlk jXmf`i

G@<;J <E 9FEE< J8EKy [\ Yfee\ _ld\li kflk\ cX aflie \

E ((+ $ al`cc\k&Xf k&j\gk\dYi\ )'('

?@JKF@I< Ky GFLI CËy

(

<[`kf :_\q GXik\eXdlk# eflj fi^Xe`jfej i ^lc` i\d\ek [\j \ehl k\j gfli Xd c`fi\i efj j\im`Z\j% Le\ [\dXe[\ p XggXiX k [\ ]X fe i $ Zlii\ek\ 1 efj X]Ô c` j X`d\iX`\ek ZfeeX ki\ c\j XmXekX^\j \k j\im`Z\j Xlohl\cj `cj fek [if`k ¿ dX`j eËfek gXj kflj \em`\ [\ jË`e]fid\i [\ c\li gifgi\ `e`k`Xk`m\% 8Ô e [ËXZZfdgc`i efki\ d`jj`fe [Ë`e]fidXk`fe# eflj Z_\iZ_fej [feZ [`m\ij dfp\ej [\ jljZ`k\i cË`ek i k jli cË`e]fidXk`fe dlklXc`jk\% :Ë\jk gflihlf` mflj kiflm\i\q cX d`j\ \e gX^\ [\ Z\ eld if hl\c$ hl\ g\l df[`Ô \% <cc\ jËX[Xgk\ ~ le\ Zflik\ eflm\cc\ [Ë k # [fek cË\o\iZ`Z\ i [XZk`fee\c \jk [\ ]X`i\ i ] i\eZ\ Xlo Xik`Zc\j gifgfj j [Xej c\ dX^Xq`e\% ;\ Z\kk\ dXe` i\# eflj \jg ifej Xkk`i\i gclj [\ c\Zk\lij# \k c\j `e]fid\i% @c \jk Z\ikX`e hl\ cËXjjliXeZ\ dXcX[`\$`emXc`[`k Z \jk$~$[`i\ cX YiXeZ_\ ½ jXek ¾ [\ cX j Zli`k jfZ`Xc\ jË\ogi`d\ jflm\ek \e k\id\j [\ cf` \k [\ i ^c\j% Jfe mfZXYlcX`i\ \jk [ j cfij gclk k i`^fli\lo Æ \k Y`\e df`ej XkkiXZk`] hlËle cXe^X^\ [\ glYc`Z`kX`i\ GflikXek# jfe fYa\k ZfeZ\ie\ c\j efdYi\lo XmXekX^\j hlË\cc\ XZZfi[\ ~ j\j Xjjli j% @cj gfliiX`\ek [feZ kflk ~ ]X`k ki\ \ogi`d j \e k\id\j XZZ\jj`Yc\j \k m\e[\lij% C Xjg\Zk [l cXe^X^\ afl\ jXej [flk\ le i c\ [Xej cË`^efiXeZ\ [\ Z\ gi`m`c ^\ hlË\jk efki\ j Zli`k jfZ`Xc\% :fdY`\e [\ a\le\j XYfi$ [\ek c\ dXiZ_ [l kiXmX`c \k Zfdgk\ek jli gXgX dXdXe gfli c\j [ YXiiXjj\i [\ Z\kk\ ]fidXc`k hlË\jk cX dlklXc`k 6 CX[`k\ ]fidX$ c`k c\li Zfe] i\ gflikXek le [if`k# XZhl`j gXi cX clkk\ [\ efdYi\lo kiXmX`cc\lij [l j` Zc\ gi Z [\ek% I\dYflij\d\ekj \k `e[\de`k j \e ZXj [\ dXcX[`\ eË\e jfek hl\ [\j \o\dgc\j% 9`\e j i# Z\ eË\jk gclj mflj# hl` c`j\q Z\j c`^e\j# hlË`c ]Xlk ZfemX`eZi\% Jfpfej ]flj Eflj mflj [feefej le [\mf`i gfli cX ]lkli\ i\eki \ jZfcX`i\ 1 iXgg\c\i ~ le\ g\ijfee\ Xl df`ej ZfdY`\e efki\ jpjk d\ Y\c^\ \jk XmXekX^\lo%

I\kiflm\q cX eflm\cc\ [\ c k \e \eZX[i [Xej )

CX i [XZk`fe GifÔ c [\ GXik\eXdlk

Fek gXik`Z`g ~ Z\ eld if 8c\o`X 9Xi[\k# 9\ik :fii\dXej# AXe ;_fe[k# :_Xicfkk\ [ËP[\nXcc\# :_i`jk`Xe ?fi\dXej# GXjZXc\ AXejj\ej# ? c e\ EfkXYc\# IfoXe\ EfkXig`\kif# JXe[i`e\ MXe[\idX\jYil^^\# <d`c`\ MXe[\ijk`Z_\c\e# MXc i`\ MXe[\i M\b\e# <c`j\ MXe >pj\c# <d`c`\ MXe @jk\i[X\c# G_`c`gg\ MXe Fm\iY\i^_# 9XiYXiX MXe IXejY\\Zb# Jk\m\e M\imX\k# BXi\e N`cc\dj J Zi kXi`Xk [\ i [XZk`fe 1 EXk_Xc`\ I\eeX MXc i`\ MXe[\i M\b\e

JfddX`i\ + <ZXik\d\ek [l kiXmX`c Xl Zflij [\ cX ^ifjj\jj\ - Jki\jj ~ cX i Zi / C\ DXo`dld Á =XZkli\i c`d`k\ c\j ]iX`j [\ jXek c\m j (' MXZXeZ\j 1 efki\ Xjj`jkXeZ\ (( MXZXeZ\j 1 [fZld\ekj ~ gi\e[i\ XmXek [\ gXik`i () CX ZpY\i[ g\e[XeZ\ (+ ;\lo jl^^\jk`fej gfli d`\lo m`mi\ Xgi j c\ ZXeZ\i (- J\im`Z\j [ËX`[\ \k [\ Zfej\`c (/ ;\j g`\[j \e Yfee\ jXek )' E flm\Xlo [if`kj \k [\mf`ij gfli c\j XeZ`\ej kiXmX`cc\lij ]ifekXc`\ij

c\j gX^\j [\ Z\ eld if 555 *

)( J XeZ\j [ Xii k kXYX^`hl\ )) 8kk\jkXk`fe [\ mXZXeZ\j gfli g\ijfee\j \e `eZXgXZ`k [\ kiXmX`c )+ Le g\l [\ k\dgj ~ [fee\i ), C\ ZÅli ~ cË_fee\li c\ )- j\gk\dYi\ )'(' )- :_lk\i )/ C\j gi\d`\ij j\Zflij jXlm\ek [\j m`\j _ldX`e\j *' AfYj [\ mXZXeZ\j *) Efj i\e[\q$mflj [\ c k \k [\ cX i\eki \ *, 8mXekX^\j mfpX^\j

<$dX`c 1 `e]f7gXik\eXdlk%Y\ :fdgfj`k`fe 1 8li c`\ M`e^\i_f\kj G_fkf^iXmli\ 1 GO em $ @dgi\jj`fe 1 IflcXikX G_fkfj 1 @jkfZb# DCFQ# G_fmf`i# @jfg`o <[`k\li i\jgfejXYc\ 1 GXjZXc :fliXi[ 9flc\mXi[ 8ejgXZ_# ( $ (''' 9ilo\cc\j $ K c 1 ')&,+0 .- '' 8lZle Xik`Zc\ glYc` [Xej Z\ dX^Xq`e\ e\ g\lk ki\ i\gif[l`k kfkXc\d\ek fl gXik`\cc\d\ek jXej cËXlkfi`jXk`fe gi XcXYc\ [\ cX i [XZk`fe% 8]Ô c` j ~ cËLe`fe [\j <[`k\lij [\ cX Gi\jj\ G i`f[`hl\% C\j `e]fidXk`fej [\ Z\ dX^Xq`e\ fek le\ mXc\li `e[`ZXk`m\ \k efe ZfekiXZkl\cc\%

<iiXkld ;Xej c\ GifÔ c ((*# g%))# `c p X c`\l [ËXaflk\i c\ efd [\ Dfej`\li M8E G8JJ<E J\i^\ gfli cX dlklXc`k FQ FeX]_Xeb\c`ab Q`\b\e]fe[j ,'(# ~ cËXik`Zc\ i\cXk`] ~ cX glYc`ZXk`fe [\j efdj [\j g\ijfee\j hl` mflj i\gi j\ek\ifek ~ cËXjj\dYc \ ^ e iXc\ [Ë?fjg`kXc`X%

yZXik\d\ek [l kiXmX`c Xl Zflij [\ cX ^ifjj\jj\ 1 eflm\cc\ i ^c\d\ekXk`fe ;\gl`j c\ (\i aXem`\i)'('# le\ eflm\cc\ i ^c\d\ekXk`fe \o`jk\ gfli c\j ]\dd\j \eZ\`ek\j hl` [f`m\ek hl`kk\i c\li c`\l [\ kiXmX`c k\dgfiX`i\d\ek \e iX`jfe [\ i`jhl\j gfli c\li jXek % 8lgXiXmXek# `c p XmX`k [\lo gifZ [li\j# dX`j [\gl`j c\ (\i aXem`\i# kflk\j c\j ]\dd\j \eZ\`ek\j fek [if`k ~ cX d d\ `e[\de`jXk`fe [Xej c\ ZX[i\ [\ c ZXik\d\ek [l kiXmX`c% Le dfk [ \ogc`ZXk`fe

; Ylk [\ cX eflm\cc\ 555

EX[`X j\ i m\`cc\ \k i\^Xi[\ gXi cX ]\e ki\% <cc\ mf`k cË`dd\lYc\ [Ë\e ]XZ\# \k cX gXik`\ [if`k\ [Ële g\lgc`\i% @c ]X`k ZXcd\# jXej m\ek% ;Ëfi[`eX`i\ \cc\ m\i$ iX`k c\j mf`j`ej jËX^`k\i [ j c\j gi\d` i\j _\li\j [\ cX aflie \# fl d d\ \cc\ e\ m\iiX`k i`\e [l kflk# kifg fZZlg \ ~ ki\ \]Ô ZXZ\% 8lafli[Ë_l` \cc\ X gi`j Zfe^ % <k gXi d`iXZc\ CfcX \k ;Xe` e\ jfek gXj \eZfi\ m\`cc \j%

HL <JK$:< HL< C y:8IK<D<EK ;L KI8M8@C 6 C\ kiXmX`c \k le\ ^ifjj\jj\ \e kflk\ j Zli`k e\ jfek gXj kflaflij jpefepd\j% Le\ XZk`m`k gif]\jj`fee\cc\ g\lk gXi]f`j gi j\ek\i Z\ikX`ej i`jhl\j gfli cX d i\ \k&fl c \e]Xek% ;Xej Z\ ZXj# c \d$ gcfp\li [f`k gi\e[i\ Z\ikX`e\j d\jli\j le\ Xlki\ ]feZk`fe# X[Xg$ k\i c _fiX`i\# ¿ % J` Z\ e \jk gXj gfjj`Yc\# cX kiXmX`cc\lj\ [f`k ki\ ½ ZXik \¾ [l kiXmX`c% Le\ `e[\de`k cl` \jk Xcfij m\ij \%

EX[`X e\ jfli`k gXj# gXiZ\ hlË\cc\ eË\jk gXj [l ^\ei\ ~ jfli`i\ Zfdd\ X kflk\ j\lc\% DX`j hl\chlËle hl` cX ZfeeX k Y`\e m\iiX`k hlË\cc\ \jk iX$ m`\# j\i\`e\ \k \jg iXek\% GXiZ\ hlËXlafli[Ë_l` \cc\ mX ]X`i\ c\j mXc`j\j [\ jX kflk\ g\k`k\ ]Xd`cc\# hlË\cc\ mX dfek\i [Xej jX kflk\ g\k`k\ Xlkf \k hlË\cc\ mX gi\e[i\ cX ^iXe[ iflk\ m\ij j\j M8:8E:<J% :\cX ]X`k Y`\e Z`eh Xej hlË\cc\ e\ jË\jk gXj j\ek`\ \e mXZXeZ\j% <cc\ \e X gflikXek gi`j# [\j aflij [\ Zfe^ % Gfli jËfi^Xe`j\i# ]X`i\ cX hl\l\# ]X`i\ [\j Zflij\j# ]X`i\ [\j Z_fj\j% GXj [\ aflie \ ~ e\ i`\e ]X`i\# ~ Zflk\i cX d\i# cX ild\li [Ële\ m`cc\ kiXe^ i\# c\ m\ek [Xej c\j g`ej hlXe[ `c [ mXc\ cX dfekX^e\%

HL <JK$:< HL@ 8 :?8E>y 6 8mXek c\ (\i aXem`\i )'('# `c p XmX`k [\lo gifZ [li\j 1 j` c\ i`jhl\ kX`k i\gi`j [Xej cX c`jk\ [\j dXcX[`\j gif]\jj`fee\cc\j# c\ =fe[j [\j dXcX[`\j gif]\jj`fee\cc\j m\ijX`k le\ `e[\de`k ./#)*. [l jXcX`i\ e\k % J` Z\ e kX`k gXj c\ ZXj# cX kiXmX`cc\lj\ i\Z\mX`k le\ `e[\de`k [\ c @E8D@ -' [l jXcX`i\ Yilk gcX]fee % :\kk\ [`]] $ i\eZ\ \jk ~ gi j\ek jlggi`d \%

Fl`# \cc\ X k ZXik \ [\ jfe kiXmX`c hlXe[ \cc\ Xkk\e[X`k ;Xe`% DX`j kflk\ ]\dd\ hl` X m Zl le\ ^ifjj\jj\ eË\jk gclj Xjj\q eX m\ gfli g\ej\i hlË`c jËX^`k [\ mXZXeZ\j% Gflihlf` X$k$\cc\ k ZXik \ 6 <cc\ \jk ^Xi[`\ee\ [Ë\e]Xek% Le\ a\le\ ]\dd\ kflk\ c`jj\# \e m k\d\ekj giXk`hl\j# kflaflij [\ Zflc\lij m`m\j% CX a\le\ ]\dd\ jfli`Xek\ ~ hl` mflj ZfeÔ \q c\ YXdY`e c\ dXk`e# cX a\le\ ]\dd\ Xl d d\ jfli`i\ ~ hl` mflj i\gi\e\q cX YXdY`eX c\ jf`i% C\ kf`k jË\jk g\lk$ ki\ \]]fe[i % Mfki\ Y Y X ]X`cc` XmXc\i jfe afl\k% C\ jf`i# jfe jfli`i\ ZXZ_\ kflk m $ e\d\ek [Ële\ d d\ ^Xc`k %

;\gl`j c\ (\i aXem`\i )'('# kflk\j c\j ]\dd\j \eZ\`ek\j fek [if`k ~ cX d d\ `e[\de`k \e ZXj [ ZXik\d\ek [l kiXmX`c% @c j X^`k [ le\ `e[\de`k [\ dXk\ie`k aflieXc` i\ fZkifp \ gXi cX dlklXc`k # ^X$ c\ ~ ./#)*. [l jXcX`i\ aflieXc`\i dfp\e%

8M8EK8><J gfli c\j eflm\Xlo gXi\ekj Z_\q GXik\eXdlk

EX[`X X [\ efdYi\lj\j iX`jfej [ËXmf`i le jfli`i\ gX`j`Yc\% ;\j gXi\ekj X`dXekj# gXik`j m`mi\ Xl jfc\`c% @cj cl` fek c ^l c\li XggXik\d\ek# le\ Z_XeZ\ hl` cl` g\id\k [ËXjjld\i [\lo g\k`k\j Ô cc\j% C\j Ô ej [\ df`j e\ jfek gXj [fi \j# dX`j Z\ hl` g\lk ki\ Zfefd`j jË\e mX kiXehl`cc\d\ek ~ cX YXehl\% <cc\ eËX gXj Y\XlZflg [ËXd`\j \cc\ jË\ek\e[ d`\lo Xm\Z c\j ^Xi fej dX`j Z\cc\j hlË\cc\ ]i hl\ek\ jfek Ô [ c\j \k XdljXek\j%

9 Y mX Y`\ek k m\e`i Xl dfe[\ 6 Gfli eflj XjjfZ`\i ~ mfki\ Yfe$ _\li# eflj mflj f]]ifej c\ DXdfF gXZb 1 [\j XmXekX^\j XmXek \k Xgi j cX eX`jjXeZ\ gfli X[flZ`i mfki\ m`\ [\ gXi\ekj%

'' ö [\ gi`d\ [\ eX`jjXeZ\ gfli c\ (\i \e]Xek X]Ô c` 2 ),' ö ~ * gXik`i [l ) d\

+

I\dYflij\d\ek [\j k`Zb\kj df[ iXk\lij! [\j m`j`k\j Z_\q c\ d [\Z`e gfli cË\e]Xek aljhlË~ le Xe

AljhlË~ ('' ö gfli [\j k`ki\j$j\im`Z\ [\ * df`j XmXek ~ * df`j Xgi j cX eX`jjXeZ\ \k&

fl [\j j XeZ\j [\ b`e j`k_ iXg`\ gfjk$eXkXc\ aljhlË~ * df`j Xgi j cX eX`jjXeZ\

AljhlË~ (' ö gfli c\ [ g`jkX^\ e f$eXkXc [\ cX jli[`k

AljhlË~ ), ö&Xe gfli c\j mXZZ`ej

`k [\ j Zli`k gfli c\ YX`e f]]\ik B

K`i\$cX`k ^iXkl`k g\e[Xek kif`j df`j

M\ek\ [\ cXe^\j ~ gi`o i [l`k +

!k`Zb\k df[ iXk\li 1 mf`i cX [ Ô e`k`fe gX^\ /

=fidXc`k j gfli c\j ^Xi[`\ee\j [Ë\e]Xekj ZXik \j C\j ^Xi[`\ee\j [Ë\e]Xekj# \e ZfekXZk [`i\Zk \k gifcfe^ Xm\Z [\j \e]Xekj# jfek \cc\j Xljj` \ogfj \j Xlo dXcX$ [`\j \ekiX eXek [\j i`jhl\j gfli cX ^ifjj\jj\% :Ë\jk gflihlf` `c \jk lk`c\ gfli Z\j ]\dd\j [\ ZfeeX ki\ c\j ]fidXc`k j ~ i\dgc`i \e ZXj [Ë ZXik\d\ek [l kiXmX`c gflmXek jlim\e`i gclj k k hlË\cc\j e\ cË`dX^`e\ek% 8Ô e [\ g\iZ\mf`i cË`e[\de`k [\ c\li dlklXc`k # c\j ^Xi[`\ee\j [Ë\e]Xekj [f`m\ek af`e[i\ ~ c\li [ ZcXiXk`fe [Ë ZXik\d\ek 1

le\ Xkk\jkXk`fe [\ cX d\jli\ [Ë ZXik\d\ek [l kiXmX`c

]flie`\ gXi c\ j\im`Z\ [ËXZZl\`c X^i # Xm\Z `e[`ZXk`fe [l efdYi\ [\ gcXZ\j [ËXZZl\`c gfli c\jhl\cc\j cX ^Xi$ [`\ee\ [Ë\e]Xekj X fYk\el cËX^i d\ek

le\ Xkk\jkXk`fe [\ cX [Xk\ gi jld \ [\ cËXZZflZ_\$

d\ek ]flie`\ gXi c\ d [\Z`e kiX`kXek# Xm\Z `e[`ZXk`fe [\ eX`jjXeZ\ dlck`gc\ fl efe

<cc\ X[fi\ jfe Yflcfk% <cc\ eËp XmX`k gXj g\ej # [ËXYfi[# ~ ^Xi[\i [\j \e]Xekj% <cc\ eËXmX`k gXj [\jj`e ~ j`o Xej ½ EX[`X ^iXe[\ EX[`X Xm\Z [\j efid\j aXdY\j \k [\j Z_\m\lo aljhl\ gXi k\ii\ ^Xi[\ [\j \e$ ]Xekj gc\`e [\ g\k`kj Z\iZc\j [\jhl\cj gXik\ek YiXj \k aXdY\j `e[`jjf$ Z` j# [\ cf`e fe [`iX`k [\j gflo j\ j\iX`k [`k cX dX ki\jj\ ¾% Efe# \cc\ XliX`k ]X`k g_XidXZ`\ee\% Gfli ]X`i\ [\j gfk`fej dX^`hl\j# Zfdd\ [Xej cX Zfli [\ jX ^iXe[$d i\ \jkiX^fe ZiXj Xm\Z kif`j g hl\i\kk\j# [\lo Õ \lij [\ Z`Yflc\kk\ \k le g\l [\ k\ii\ ifl^\% Le gXi]X`k ZXkXgcXjd\ Zfeki\ c\j gljklc\j# dX Zflj`e\ Gfli `em\ekf$ i`\i c\j Zli\j Xek`Z\cclc`k\# jflcX^\i c\j i_ldXk`jd\j \k i\d\kki\ Xd`$ ZXc\d\ek cX g`clc\ [l c\e[\dX`e% <k gl`j mf`c~# \cc\ XmX`k Xggi Z` [\ ^Xi[\i c\j g\k`kj mf`j`ej# \k [\ a\lo ]XZ`c\j \e Xi^\ek [\ gfZ_\ fggfikle# \e XmX`k ]X`k jfe d k`\i% Le d $ k`\i gl`jXek# `e^iXk jXej [flk\# dX`j hlË\cc\ X[fi\%

;LIy< C\ [if`k Xlo `e[\de`k j \jk c`d`k ~ cX g i`f[\ Zfdgi`j\ \eki\ c\ [ Ylk [\ cX ^ifjj\jj\ \k c\ [ Ylk [\j j`o j\dX`$ e\j hl` gi Z [\ek cX [Xk\ gi ml\ [\ cËXZZflZ_\d\ek%

8kk\ek`fe# Z_\q EX[`X# gXj [Ë\olY iXeZ\% <cc\ e\ dfeki\ gXj j\j af`\j# e\ dfeki\ gXj j\j Zflgj [lij% GXi\`c hlXe[ c\ g i\ [\j g\k`k\j X [ j\ik % <eZ\`ek\ [\ CfcX# ZË kX`k cX af`\% @cj XccX`\ek gXik`i m`mi\ ~ cX ZXdgX^e\% @c gXcgX`k jfe m\eki\# Zfdd\ekX`k Z_Xhl\ m`j`k\ Z_\q c\ ^pe Zfcf^l\# jË d\im\`ccX`k [\ jX Y\Xlk % @c XmX`k [ a~ kif`j \e]Xekj [\ [\lo Xlki\j ]\dd\j# dX`j cX ^ifjj\jj\ [\ EX[`X kX`k Zfdd\ le\ eflm\Xlk % ½ :Ë\jk gXiZ\ hl\ eflj# ZË\jk [`]] i\ek% ¾ j\ [`jX`k EX[`X% @c jXmX`k k\cc\d\ek p ]X`i\ Xm\Z c\j \e]Xekj% DX`j Xgi j cX eX`jjXeZ\# `c XmX`k k [\ gclj \e gclj XYj\ek% <cc\ j\ ] Z_X`k% @c eËX`dX`k gXj X% <cc\ mflcX`k \eZfi\ p Zif`i\% @cj XmX`\ek Zfe l ;Xe`% @c kX`k gXik`% <cc\ eËp jfe^\ gclj% EX[`X jflc m\ cX Zfl\kk\% <cc\ gXik \e mXZXeZ\j% J YXjk`\e c\j i\af`e[iX c~$YXj% @cj gXic\ifek [l j\Zi\k% 8kk\ek`fe# e\ gXj g\ej\i Xl j\Zi\k kflk [\ jl`k\# gXj c\ k\dgj% <cc\ Z_\iZ_\ [\j g`\[j jX gXekflÕ \ cXg`efl% CX c`jk\ [\j Z_fj\j ~ ]X`i\ Zfdd\eZ\ [Xej jX k k\% ;ËXYfi[ Xcc\i mf`i c\j Ô cc\j% 555 ,

,

JKI<JJ 8 C8 Iy:Iy

D8E@=<JK8K@FEJ ;L JKI<JJ C\ jki\jj Z_\q cË\e]Xek eË\jk gXj kflaflij ]XZ`c\d\ek [ Z\cXYc\# [ËXlkXek gclj hl\ cË\e]Xek eË\jk gXj \e d\jli\ [Ë\ogi`d\i Z\ i\jj\ek` e ^Xk`]# `eZfeel gfli cl`% @c \jk [ j cfij e Z\jjX`i\ gfli cËX[lck\ [\ gi k\i Xkk\ek`fe Xlo m\ekl\cj Z_Xe^\d\ekj [\ Zfdgfik\d\ek i m $ cXk\lij [\ jki\jj% :\cl`$Z` g\lk j\ dXe`]\jk\i [\ [`m\ij\j dXe` i\j 1 dXlo [\ k k\# [\ m\eki\# gXi \o\dgc\ jpjk dXk`hl\d\ek c\ [`dXe$ Z_\ jf`i# ki`jk\jj\# gXe`hl\# X^i\jj`m`k # c k_Xi^`\# i ^i\jj`fe m\ij [\j Zfdgfik\d\ekj `e]Xek`c\j# eli j`\ ]X`i\ g`g` Xl c`k # KF: kiflYc\j fYj\jj`fee\cj Zfdglcj`]j # gifYc d\j i\cXk`fee\cj%

C\j X[lck\j eËfek gXj cËXgXeX^\ [l jki\jj Kflk Zfdd\ \lo Xl kiX$ mX`c# c\j \e]Xekj gXjj\ek Y\XlZflg [\ k\dgj ~ cË Zfc\# ^ e iXki`Z\ gfk\ek`\cc\ [\ jki\jj% <oXd\ej# XZk`m`k j gXiXjZfcX`i\j# gi\jj`fe Xlo i jlckXkj# i\cXk`fej Xm\Z c\j gX`ij# dX`j Xljj` jki\jj ]Xd`c`Xc fl gXk_fcf^`hl\ 1 hl\ Z\ jf`k ~ cË Zfc\ gi`dX`i\ fl j\Zfe[X`i\# `c e\ ]Xlk gXj jflj$\jk`d\i Z\j k\ej`fej%

555

CfcX \jk i m\`cc \ [\gl`j le Yfe dfd\ek [ a~% <cc\ eË\jk gXj `ehl` $ k\% <cc\ jX`k hl\ DXdXe mX Xii`m\i% CfcX jX`k Y\XlZflg [\ Z_fj\j# [ËX`cc\lij% CfcX jË`dgXk`\ek\ jflm\ek% :\ eË\jk gXj hlË\cc\ X dXlmX`j ZXiXZk i\# ZË\jk hlË`cj jfek K<C D<EK C<EKJ% <cc\ eË\jk gXj le g\k`k ^ e`\# dX`j `c p X [\j m`[\eZ\j [Ële\ li^\eZ\ j` Yc\jjXek\ hlË\cc\ j\ek jfe Zfigj ki\dYc\i [Ë`e[`^eXk`fe% Fl`# Z\kk\ ifY\ ifj\ mX Xm\Z Z\ glcc m\ik% Gflihlf` mflcf`i Z_\iZ_\i le Xlki\ 6 <cc\ ZfeeX k jX ^Xi[\$ifY\# \cc\% :Ë\jk cX d\`cc\li\ [\j ZfdY`$ eX`jfej% Gflihlf` fe e\ gXjj\ gXj ~ kXYc\ 6

C\j \e]Xekj ]fek ]XZ\ ~ [\j [ Ô j efdYi\lo# ]XZk\lij [\ jki\jj 1 le [`mfiZ\# c X^i\jj`m`k # cX m`fc\eZ\# c\ Z_ dX^\ [ le gXi\ek# le [ d $ eX^\d\ek# cX gi\jj`fe Xlo g\i]fidXeZ\j# cX k c m`j`fe \k @ek\ie\k# le\ ]Xd`cc\ i\Zfdgfj \&dfefgXi\ekXc\# cX Z_Xi^\ [\ kiXmX`c# cX [`]$ Ô Zlck j jZfcX`i\j%

EX[`X \eki\ [Xej cX Z_XdYi\ \k [ gfj\ le Y`jfl jli c\j Z_\m\lo ef`ij [\ jX Ô cc\% ½ JXclk dX cflcflk\ ¾ [`k$\cc\ [flZ\d\ek% CfcX j\ cX`jj\ jflc\m\i \k jfli`k cXi^\d\ek ~ jX dXdXe% <cc\ jX`k hl\ ZË\jk le afli jg Z`Xc% <cc\ j\ek hl\ dXdXe \jk kflk\ e\im\lj\# dX`j gXj Zfdd\ c\j Xlki\j dXk`ej% :Ë\jk gXiZ\ hlË\cc\j mfek ~ cX D<I% <k gXj Zfdd\ JXcfd hl` mX ~ GcXeb 9\ib# \cc\j \cc\j mfek \e =I8E:<% J YXjk`\e j\iX [ a~ c~$YXj# Xm\Z jfe ]i i\ E`ZfcXj% CfcX eËX gXj \eZfi\ ml E`ZfcXj% Le ]i i\# ZË\jk Zfdd\ le\ jÅli 6 CX jÅli [\ CfcX jËXgg\cc\ ;Xe` ;Xe`\cX dX`j kflk c\ dfe[\ [`k ;Xe`# ZË\jk gclj afc`# ZË\jk CfcX hl` X \l cË`[ \ \k dX`ek\eXek kflk c\ dfe[\ ]X`k Zfdd\ \cc\ X [ Z`[ % ;Xe` \jk kflk\ g\k`k\ \k fe e\ g\lk gXj miX`$ d\ek gXic\i Xm\Z \cc\% DX`j fe g\lk afl\i ~ cË_XY`cc\i# ;Xe` eË\jk aXdX`j miX`d\ek Zfeki\% <cc\ \jjX`\ aljk\ [\ k`i\i jli c\j Z_\m\lo [\ CfcX Xcfij CfcX gi ] i\ afl\i ~ Xlki\ Z_fj\# Zfdd\ Zl`j`e\i c\j Z i Xc\j gfli c\ g\k`k [ a\le\i% Le\ ]f`j hl\ kflk c\ dfe[\ \jk Z_Xe^ $_XY`cc $eflii`# EX[`X dfek\ jli cË\jZXY\Xl \k jZilk\ c\ _Xlk [\ jfe Xidf`i\% CX mXc`j\ fl c\ ^iXe[ jXZ ~ iflc\kk\j 6 <cc\ _ j`k\ \k [\jZ\e[ cX mXc`j\% HlXe[ \cc\ i\m`\ek [\ cX jXcc\ [\ YX`e Xm\Z jX kifljj\ [\ kf`c\kk\# \cc\ Z_Xe^\ [ËXm`j% C\ jXZ j\iX gclj jflgc\ \k ]XZ`c\ ~ ZXj\i [Xej c\ Zf]]i\ [\ cX mf`kli\% Le\ -

HL<CHL<J :FEJ<@CJ GFLI GIyM<E@I C< JKI<JJ :?<Q CË<E=8EK

-

J` mfki\ \e]Xek j\dYc\ jki\jj fl j` mflj jfl_X`k\q gi m\e`i cËXggX$ i`k`fe [l jki\jj# mf`Z` hl\chl\j Zfej\`cj giXk`hl\j 1

<Zflk\q$c\ \k Xggfik\q$cl` mfki\ jflk`\e% E\ jflj$\jk`d\q gXj c\ gifYc d\ 1 Z\ikX`e\j Z_fj\j g\lm\ek mflj gXiX ki\ Xef[`e\j# Xcfij hlË\cc\j jfek \jj\ek`\cc\j gfli cË\e]Xek%

;\ k\dgj ~ Xlki\# df[`Ô \q cX iflk`e\ gfli g\id\kki\ ~ mfki\ \e$ ]Xek [\ j\ i\gfj\i%

:FEJyHL<E:<J ;L JKI<JJ

;L :FCFI@8>< 8 CË8GGI<EK@JJ8><

CX ^\jk`fe [l jki\jj ~ cË Zfc\ mX [ g\e[i\ [\ cX ]XZlck [ËX[XgkXk`fe [\ Z_Xhl\ c m\ X`ej` hl\ [\ jfe _`jkf`i\ g\ijfee\cc\% DX`j c\ jki\jj g\lk jËXm i\i [Xe^\i\lo jli c\j gcXej jfZ`Xlo# g_pj`hl\j \k gjp$ Z_fcf^`hl\j% GifYc d\j [ËXggi\ek`jjX^\# [ gi\jj`fe# Xeo` k # g\ik\ [Ë\jk`d\ [\ jf`# jfek XlkXek [\ Zfej hl\eZ\j [l jki\jj% 8 gclj cfe^ k\id\# c\ jki\jj Z_ife`hl\ Z_\q cË\e]Xek g\lk Xmf`i [\j i g\iZljj`fej jli c\ [ m\cfgg\d\ek Z i YiXc \k i\e[i\ cËX[fc\jZ\ek gclj jljZ\gk`$ Yc\ [\ jfl]]i`i [\ dXcX[`\j d\ekXc\j%

8gi j c\j dXk\ie\cc\j m`\ek c\ k\dgj [ËXggi\e[i\ ~ c`i\# Zi`i\ \k ZXc$ Zlc\i ~ cË Zfc\ gi`dX`i\% DX`j ZË\jk Xljj` c\ dfd\ek [Ë ki\ efk # Zfi$ i`^ % ;l afli Xl c\e[\dX`e# mf`c~ efj g\k`kj gcfe^ j [Xej le\ jfZ` k Zfdg k`k`m\% :Xi d d\ ~ cË Zfc\# cX Zflij\ gfli cX d\`cc\li\ gcXZ\ \jk \e^X^ \% 8ljj` `ejflZ`Xek hl\ jf`k le \e]Xek# `c eË\e \jk gXj df`ej \ogfj Xlo ]XZk\lij [\ jki\jj% CX Zc [\ cX i ljj`k\ \e gi`dX`i\ \jk cËXggi\ek`jjX^\# dX`j Z\ikX`ej \e]Xekj g\lm\ek i\eZfeki\i [\j [`]Ô Zlck j c\j d\eXek ~ le Z_\Z g\idXe\ek% @c \jk Xcfij i\ZfddXe[ [\ jËX[i\jj\i ~ le cf^fg [\ \dgcfp gXi cË Zfc\ fl `e[ g\e[Xek% Kflk\]f`j# Z\kk\ [ dXiZ_\ eË\jk gXj kflaflij iXg`[\d\ek X[fgk \% CË c m\ g\lk XZZldlc\i X`ej` le i\kXi[# Xm\Z [\j [`]Ô Zlck j [ Xggi\ek`jjX^\# c\Zkli\# gXifc\# ZXcZlc [\ gclj \e gclj ^iXe[\j% :\kk\ j`klXk`fe g\lk gifmfhl\i \e cl` le kXk [\ jki\jj hl` eË\jk gXj c\ gi\d`\i c d\ek g\iZ\gk`Yc\% :Ë\jk [liXek c\j j XeZ\j [\ cf^fg [`\ fl Xl Zflij [ le\ Zfem\ijXk`fe Xm\Z c\j gX$ i\ekj hl\ c\ jg Z`Xc`jk\ g\lk [ Z\c\i c\ kpg\ [\ jki\jj Xlhl\c c \e]Xek \jk Zfe]ifek % J` cË kXk [\ jki\jj \jk [ a~ gif]fe[ Xl gf`ek [Ë\ekiXm\i c\ kiXmX`c [l cf^fg [\# `c \jk Zfej\`cc [\ Zfejlck\i le k_ iXg\lk\ gfli [ËXYfi[ kiX`k\i c\j Xe^f`jj\j [\ cË\e]Xek%

]f`j ]\id \# \cc\ jflc m\ cX cfli[\ mXc`j\# dX`j Z\cc\$Z` j\ d\k ~ Zi`\i ½ 9fl_ ¾ ½ CfcX Kl afl\j ~ ZXZ_\$ZXZ_\ 6 <Zflk\ Z\ eË\jk gXj miX`d\ek c\ df$ d\ek% A\ [f`j ]X`i\ c\j mXc`j\j XmXek hl\ :cXl[`e\ eËXii`m\% <cc\ mflj ^Xi[\iX g\e[Xek hl\ a\ ]X`j c\j Zflij\j% ¾ EX[`X i\dgc`k# gc`\# ]X`k [\j Xcc\i$i\kflij [Xej c\j Z_XdYi\j# cX jXcc\ [\ YX`e% ½ Gclj hlËle\ [\d`$_\li\ XmXek hl\ :cXl[`e\ eËXii`m\% Gl`j aËX` i\e[\q$mflj% Gl`j aËX` dfe [\lo` d\ i\e[\q$mflj% Gl`j a\ gXjj\ Xl dX^Xj`e XZ_\k\i Z\ hlË`c ]Xlk gfli c\ kiXa\k \k gfli c\ gi\d`\i i\gXj Z\ jf`i% ;Xej cX m`ccX [\ efj mXZXeZ\j% A\ jl`j \e mXZXeZ\j ¾

C< JKI<JJ ;8EJ C8 :FLI ;<J >I8E;J C\ gXjjX^\ [\ cË Zfc\ gi`dX`i\ ~ cË Zfc\ j\Zfe[X`i\ j\ i m c\ ki\ cX g i`f[\ cX gclj jki\jjXek\ [Xej cX m`\ [\ cË\e]Xek% ; jfidX`j# `c [f`k ]X`i\ ]XZ\ ~ cX eflm\Xlk # ~ cË`dgi m`j`Y`c`k \k ~ le\ g\ik\ [\ Zfeki c\% GXim`\e[iX$k$`c ~ jl`mi\ c\ ipk_d\ `dgfj 6 JË\ek\e[iX$k$`c Xm\Z j\j ZXdXiX[\j 6

CfcX i\^Xi[\ jX dXdXe jËX]]X`i\i% Efe# `c eËp X gXj ~ jË`ehl` k\i% :\ eË\jk gXj Zfdd\ hlXe[ GXgX kX`k c~ \k hlË`cj gXicX`\ek ]fik# a\kX`\ek [\j _XY`kj [Xej c\ jXZ \e [`jXek hlË`cj jË\e XccX`\ek# Xm\Z cËX`i [\ e\ gXj gXik`i [l kflk% :\kk\ ]f`j ZË\jk Z\ hl\ c\j ^iXe[j Xgg\cc\ek c\ jki\jj% :fdd\ :Xifc`e\# cËXd`\ [\ dXdXe# hl` \jk kflk c\ k\dgj X^`$ k \% <jk$Z\ hl\ c\ jki\jj ZË\jk aljk\ gfli c\j gXi\ekj 6 G\lk$ ki\ aljk\ ~ gXik`i [\ cX ^iXe[\ Zfc\%

:_Xhl\ i XZk`fe Xl jki\jj \jk [`]] i\ek\ \k mX [ g\e[i\ [\ cX g\ijfe$ eXc`k [\ cË c m\% :\ikX`ej cË\ok i`fi`j\ifek kXe[`j hl\ [\ efdYi\lo Xlki\j i\]flc\ifek Z\ jki\jj aljhlËXl dfd\ek f # gfli le\ iX`jfe hl\cZfehl\# `cj [\m`\ee\ek gclj [ dfejkiXk`]j% @c ]Xlk gflmf`i [ k\Z$ k\i Z\j k\ej`fej \k gi m\e`i c\j \]]\kj ½[ mXjkXk\lij¾ hlË\cc\j g\l$ m\ek \e^\e[i\i% @c \jk [ j cfij \jj\ek`\c [ËX`[\i c\j a\le\j ~ `[\ek`Ô \i c\j j`^e\j [\ jki\jj \k ~ c\j ^ i\i% :\ kiXmX`c i\c m\ gi`eZ`gXc\d\ek [l i c\ [\j gX$ i\ekj% @c \jk kflk\]f`j gfjj`Yc\ [\ ]X`i\ Xgg\c ~ [\j X`[\j \ok i`\li\j k\cj c\j Z\eki\j GDJ gjpZ_f$d [`Zf$jfZ`Xlo %

Hlf`hlË`c \e jf`k# `c e\ ]Xlk gXj hl\ dXdXe flYc`\ j\j afl\kj% :Ë\jk gXj ^iXm\# CfcX Zfdgk\ Y`\e j\ Z_Xi^\i [\ c\j d\kki\ [Xej cX mXc`j\%

555 .

E\ cl` `dgfj\q gXj mfki\ ipk_d\ [\ m`\ \k e\ jliZ_Xi^\q gXj c X^\e$ [X [\ mfki\ \e]Xek gXi [\ dlck`gc\j XZk`m`k j gXiXjZfcX`i\j jgfik# dlj`hl\# dflm\d\ekj [\ a\le\jj\# \kZ% %

Gi\e\q c\ k\dgj [\ [ Zfdgi\jj\i \k [\ gXjj\i [\j dfd\ekj cl[`$ hl\j \e ]Xd`cc\%

8p\q le\ Yfee\ _p^` e\ [\ m`\ Xc`d\ekXk`fe hl`c`Yi \# XZk`m`k jgfik`m\ %

E _ j`k\q gXj ~ ]X`i\ Xgg\c ~ le\ X`[\ \ok i`\li\ cf^fg [\# :\e$ ki\ GDJ %

C\ kiXmX`c Xl j\`e [\j Z\eki\j GDJ Zfej`jk\# j\cfe cX [\dXe[\# ~ d\k$ ki\ \e gcXZ\ le \jgXZ\ [\ i\eZfeki\ \k [\ [`jZljj`fe Xm\Z c\j c m\j \k c\lij gXi\ekj XÔ e [\ kiflm\i [\j jfclk`fej ~ le gifYc d\ gi Z`j% Jfe fYa\Zk`] \jk [\ g\id\kki\ ~ c \e]Xek [\ jË gXefl`i \k ^iXe[`i c\ d`\lo gfjj`Yc\ [Xej jfe \em`ifee\d\ek jZfcX`i\% 8l ml [\j efdYi\lj\j j`klXk`fej# le Z\eki\ GDJ ]X`k gi\lm\ [Ële Zf\]Ô Z`\ek [ËX[XgkXk`fe `dgfikXek% C\j gifYc d\j i\eZfeki j \k kiX`k j g\lm\ek ki\ [Ëfi[i\ gli\d\ek jZfcX`i\ gifYc d\j [ËXggi\ek`jjX^\# i\cXk`fee\cj # dX`j ^Xc\d\ek [Ëfi[i\ gclj Zfdgc\o\ gifYc d\j ]Xd`c`Xlo# d [`ZXlo % J` cË\e]Xek gXim`\ek [ a~ ~ m\iYXc`j\i jfe jki\jj# ZË\jk le ^iXe[ gXj \e XmXek% <k j` c\j gXi\ekj j\ dfY`c`j\ek Xlkfli [l gifYc d\# cX df`k` [l kiXmX`c \jk [ a~ ]X`k\% GifÔ c i\d\iZ`\ 9\c\e 8ekfe \k c\ :\eki\ GDJ [\ Nfcln $JX`ek$CXdY\ik gfli c\li X`dXYc\ ZfccXYfiXk`fe%

.

555

EX[`X eË\e i\m`\ek gXj% Kflj Z\j d [`ZXd\ekj :fdd\ek X$k$\cc\ ]X`k gfli c\j \ekXjj\i [Xej jfe k`if`i 6 @c cl` ]Xlk Xl df`ej le [ j`e]\ZkXek# le Xek` dXc [\ Zi e\# c\j d [`ZXd\ekj [\ CfcX% CX df`k` \jk g i`d \% <cc\ gi\e[ le ^iXe[ jXZ \k j\ d\k ~ ki`\i% ½ @c e\ ]Xlk gXj flYc`\i [\ [\j$ Z\e[i\ c\j gflY\cc\j% :Ë\jk Y k\# dX`j j` aËflYc`\# X j\ek`iX dXlmX`j ~ dfe i\kfli# \k aËXliX` \eZfi\ gclj c\ ZX]Xi[ [l [`dXeZ_\ jf`i [\ cX i\eki \% 8cc\q# a\ c\ ]X`j dX`ek\eXek# Zfdd\ X ZË\jk ]X`k% ¾ <cc\ \eÔ c\ j\j YXjb\kj% ½ CfcX A\ [\jZ\e[j c\j gflY\cc\j% Kl ]X`j Xk$ k\ek`fe ~ ;Xe`# _\`e ¾ <k ]\id\ cX gfik\ [flZ\d\ek# XmXek [\ Zf`eZ\i c\j Zc j [Xej jfe a\Xe%

C\ DXo`dld Á =XZkli\i D8= c`d`k\ c\j ]iX`j [\ jXek c\m j

CX ZX^\ [Ë\jZXc`\i \jk kiXehl`cc\# ~ g\`e\ ZcX`i \ gXi cX cld` i\ Zc`e [Ëf\`c [Ële m clo% EX[`X X`d\ cX YXcljkiX[\ \e Yf`j# hl` cl` [fee\ cË`d$ gi\jj`fe ]lik`m\ [\ m`mi\ [Xej le Z_ k\Xl% <cc\ Yi`cc\# [flZ\ [Xej cX dX`e% EX[`X Xccld\ cX cld` i\%

D8=¿ kif`j c\kki\j hl` i\emf`\ek ~ ½ DXo`dld Á =XZkli\i ¾% :\k c d\ek [\ efki\ jpjk d\ [\ gifk\Zk`fe jfZ`Xc\ c`d`k\ c\ i`jhl\ [\ [\mf`i jlggfik\i [\j Zf kj d [`ZXlo kifg c\m j%

CË`dd\lYc\ \jk \eki\k\el gXi le Zflgc\ [\ ZfeZ`\i^\j% Dd\ C\\$ dXej Zfcc\Zk`fee\ c\j Z_Xkj% HlXe[ \cc\ flmi\ jX gfik\# `c \e jfik kfl$ aflij le fl [\lo gfli j\ ]ifkk\i ~ mfj aXdY\j% CfcX eË\e iX]]fc\ gXj \k dfek\ jflm\ek jli cX gi\d` i\ dXiZ_\ [\ cË\jZXc`\i# Zfdd\ gfli [`i\ ½Fe e\ mX gXj jË k\ie`j\i# _\`e ¾% ½ <cc\ [f`k ki\ gclk k Z_`\e% ¾ j\ [`k EX[`X hl` iXccld\ cX cld` i\ k\`ek\ gXi cX d`elk\i`\%

GFLIHLF@ C< ½ D8O@DLD Á =8:KLI<I ¾ 6 C\ jpjk d\ [ XjjliXeZ\ dXcX[`\ fYc`^Xkf`i\ e\ Zflmi\ gXj cX kfkXc`k [\j [ g\ej\j Xlohl\cc\j c\j Xjjli j jfek Zfe]ifek j% :\Z` g\lk \ekiX e\i [\ cfli[\j Zfej hl\eZ\j Ô eXeZ` i\j gfli c\j df`ej eXek`j \e iX`jfe efkXdd\ek 1

[\ c\lij ]X`Yc\j i\jjfliZ\j Ô eXeZ` i\j#

[l mfcld\ [\ [ g\ej\j i jlckXek [Ële\ dXcX[`\ ^iXm\ fl [\ cfe$ ^l\ [li \% :i \e )'') gfli c`d`k\i c\ i`jhl\ [\ [\mf`i jlggfik\i [\j Zf kj d [`ZXlo kifg c\m j# c\ dXo`dld ~ ]XZkli\i D8= jË\jk gif^i\j$ j`m\d\ek kf]] \k f]]i\ Xlafli[Ë_l` ~ mfki\ ]Xd`cc\ le\ gifk\Zk`fe \]Ô ZXZ\ Zfeki\ c\j [ g\ej\j [\ jXek kifg `dgfikXek\j% C\ d ZXe`jd\ 6 Le gcX]fe[ [\ [ g\ej\j# mXi`XYc\ \e ]feZk`fe [\j i\$ m\elj [l d eX^\ fl [\ cX j`klXk`fe jfZ`Xc\# Xl$[\c~ [lhl\c c\j k`Zb\kj df[ iXk\lij ( jfek i\dYflij j% 8kk\ek`fe 1 c\j gi\jkXkX`i\j efe Zfem\ek`fee j g\lm\ek \eZfi\ mflj ]XZkli\i le jlggc d\ek [ _fefiX`i\j% :\ dfekXek e \jk gXj i\dYfli$ j m`X c\ D8=% HlXek Xlo gi\jkXkX`i\j Zfem\ek`fee j# `cj e\ g\lm\ek gXj mflj ]XZkli\i Z\ kpg\ [\ jlggc d\ek% Gfli ki\ j i [\ e\ gXj [\mf`i gXp\i [\ jlggc d\ekj [ _fefiX`i\j# d`\lo mXlk [feZ Z_f`j`i le gi\j$ kXkX`i\ Zfem\ek`fee % /

Le Z_`\e [Xej cË`dd\lYc\ [\j 8dXipcc`j Mf`c~ hl` ^cXZ\iX`k cËÅ`c Yc\l \eZ\iZc [fi [\ cX ZfeZ`\i^\% Le ZXe`[ Zfdd\ `c \e kiX`e\ [Xej c\ gXiZ# Zifkk\li$kifkk\li$\dd\i[\li% Le\ d Z_f`i\ ~ cËX]]lk [\ j\j g\$ k`kj Xdflij 6 C\ ZfdYc\ j\iX`k j`dgc\d\ek [Ëp jfe^\i

/

(

HL <JK$:< HL< C< K@:B<K DF;yI8K<LI 6

C\ k`Zb\k df[ iXk\li \jk mfki\ hlfk\$gXik g\ijfee\cc\ 1 cX [`]] i\eZ\ \eki\ c\ kXi`] Zfem\ek`fee Z_\q kflj c\j gi\jkXkX`i\j \k c `ek\im\ek`fe [\ mfki\ dlklXc`k % <o\dgc\ 1 Mflj gXp\q ))#-. ö gfli le\ ZfejlckXk`fe Z_\q c\ d [\Z`e% Mfki\ dl$ klXc`k mflj i\dYflij\ (-#/- ö% C\ k`Zb\k df[ iXk\li 1 ))#-. Æ (-#/- 4 ,#/( ö hl` i\jk\ek ~ mfki\ Z_Xi^\%

HL< ;F@J$A< =8@I< GFLI 9yEy=@:@<I ;L D8= 6

:8J G8IK@:LC@<IJ

I`\e¿ mfki\ dlklXc`k j fZZlg\ [\ kflk <cc\ Zfej\im\ kflj c\j k`Zb\kj df[ iXk\lij! \k mflj i\dYflij\ XlkfdXk`hl\d\ek hlXe[ c\ gcX]fe[ \jk [ gXjj % J` GXik\eXdlk e\ [`jgfj\ gXj [\j `e]fidXk`fej e Z\jjX`i\j gfli c\j i\dYflij\d\ekj m`X c\ D8=# \cc\ gi\e[iX ZfekXZk Xm\Z mflj%

J` le d\dYi\ [ le d eX^\ D8= kfkXc`j\ ~ cl` j\lc +,' ö [\ k`Zb\kj df[ iXk\lij Xl Zflij [\ ) Xee \j Zfej Zlk`m\j# c\ gcX]fe[ [l d eX^\ \jk i [l`k [\ ('' ö gfli c Xee \ hl` jl`k% :\kk\ i [lZk`fe e \jk gXj mXcXYc\ gfli c\j \e]Xekj _Xe[`ZXg j% ;Xej c\ aXi^fe [l d k`\i# Z\ gi`eZ`g\ \jk Xgg\c D8= dXcX[\j Z_ife`hl\j%

Mflj Xm\q [if`k Xl jkXklk 9@D * fl Fde`f + 6 Mflj Y e Ô Z`\q Xcfij [l D8= jfZ`Xc% ;Xej Z\ ZXj# mflj i\Z\m\q [ a~ c\ i\dYflij\d\ek [l k`Zb\k df[ iXk\li ~ gXik`i [l gcX]fe[ [\ +,' ö%

Mfki\ d eX^\ Zfdgk\ le\ g\ijfee\ hl` e Z\jj`k\ [\j jf`ej 6 <cc\ g\lk Xcfij# jflj Z\ikX`e\j Zfe[`k`fej# ki\ Zfej`[ i \ Zfdd\ le d eX^\ ~ gXik% ;l Zflg# j\j i\m\elj e\ jfek gXj i\gi`j [Xej c\j i\m\elj kfkXlo [l d eX^\# Z\ hl` ]X`k [`d`el\i c\ gcX]fe[% @c g\lk gXi \o\dgc\ j X^`i [\ g\ijfee\j _Xe[`ZXg \j%

Kflj c\j \e]Xekj [\ df`ej [\ (0 Xej jfek [XmXekX^\ gifk ^ j ^i Z\ Xl D8=% <e \]]\k# gfli \lo# hl\cj hl\ jf`\ek c\j i\m\elj [l d eX^\# le gcX]fe[ [\ -,' ö \jk gi ml% Gfli c\j \e]Xekj _Xe[`ZXg j# le gcX]fe[ [\ +,' ö \jk gi ml% Gfli p Xmf`i [if`k# cË\e]Xek ZfeZ\ie [f`k [ a~ Xmf`i Y e Ô Z` [ XccfZX$ k`fej ]Xd`c`Xc\j dXafi \j XmXek c\ + al`cc\k )'')%

EX[`X Xii`m\ Xl kif`j` d\# c\ gXjjX^\ [`]Ô Z`c\% Kif`j dXiZ_\j j\ jfek ]\e[l\j# \k jfek gXik`\cc\d\ek `ek\i[`k\j% @c ]Xlk j\ j\ii\i Zfeki\ c\ dli% CfcX X[fi\ Z\ gXjjX^\# \cc\ gi\e[ cX dX`e [\ EX[`X \k gXjj\ \e gi\d`\i# gfli dfeki\i hlË`c e\ ]Xlk gXj Xmf`i g\li% CX g\li# Dfej`\li C\\dXej X cËX`i [\ ZfeeX ki\% :Ë\jk le g\k`k d`eZ\ Xl m`jX^\ g c\# Xm\Z [\ cfe^j [f`^kj [\ efp % ;`jZi\k Zfdd\ le ]Xe$ k d\% @c gfik\ [\j cle\kk\j efid\j hl` gi\ee\ek kflk jfe ]ifek# jflj le\ d Z_\ ^iX`jj\lj\# \k [\j glccj ~ cfjXe^\j% EX[`X e\ cl` X aXdX`j gXic % HlXe[ \cc\ cl` [`k Yfeafli# `c X kflaflij cËX`i g\ikliY % :fdd\ ] Z_ [\ [\mf`i i\e[i\ cX gfc`k\jj\% ½ @c \jk k\cc\d\ek d`eZ\ hl\ jX ]\dd\ [f`k c\ iXe^\i [Xej c\ gcXZXi[ ~ YXcX`j ¾ XmX`k [`k le afli jfe Xd`\ :Xifc`e\%

HL<CJ =I8@J JFEK GI@J <E :FDGK< 6 J\lcj Z\ikX`ej k`Zb\kj df[ iXk\lij ( fl hlfk\$gXik g\ijfee\cc\ jfek ZfdgkXY`c`j j \k i\dYflij j j` c\ gcX]fe[ \jk [ gXjj % C\j ]iX`j jl`mXekj jfek ZfdgkXY`c`j j 1

k`Zb\k df[ iXk\li ( gfli jf`ej d [`ZXlo ZfliXekj d [\Z`ej ^ e $ iXc`jk\j# jg Z`Xc`jk\j# b`e j`k_ iXg\lk\j# cf^fg [\j# `eÔ id`\ij#¿

k`Zb\k df[ iXk\li ( Z_\q c\ g_XidXZ`\e gfli d [`ZXd\ekj i\d$ YflijXYc\j [\j ZXk ^fi`\j 8# 9 \k : \oZ\gk :j \k :o \k gi gXiX$ k`fej dX^`jkiXc\j

hlfk\$gXik g\ijfee\cc\ gfli c\j d [`ZXd\ekj ~ c _ g`kXc Xljj` Y`\e c\j _ g`kXlo ^ e iXlo hl\ gjpZ_`Xki`hl\j

k`Zb\k df[ iXk\li ( gfli Z\ikX`e\j gi\jkXk`fej c` \j ~ le\ i\mXc`$ [Xk`fe gif]\jj`fee\cc\

hlfk\$gXik g\ijfee\cc\ gfli le\ aflie \ [\ jf`ej \e _ g`kXc ^ $ e iXc gfli c\j _ g`kXlo gjpZ_`Xki`hl\j# j\lcj c\j k`Zb\kj df[ iX$ k\lij [\ cX gi\d` i\ Xee \ [ _fjg`kXc`jXk`fe jfek gi`j \e Zfdgk\

Zfeki`Ylk`fe gfli c\ j\im`Z\ [ li^\eZ\j ~ c _ g`kXc

]iX`j [ Xc`d\ekXk`fe \ek iXc\ ~ [fd`Z`c\ Z_\q c\j \e]Xekj [\ df`ej [\ (0 Xej

`dgcXekj

\kZ%

?\li\lj\d\ek hl\ :Xifc`e\ XmX`k k c~# hlXe[ CfcX kX`k dXcX[\% IX`$ jfe gfli cXhl\cc\ kif`j kfee\j [\ d [`ZXd\ekj g i`d j fZZlgX`\ek c\ k`if`i [\ EX[`X% D`^iX`e\j# fk`k\j# YifeZ_`k\j ¿ CfcX XmX`k \eZ_X e c\j m`ilj cËXee \ gXjj \% EX[`X [ gfj\ c\j gflY\cc\j [Xej cX ZXm\ \k i\dfek\% :Xifc`e\ XmX`k d d\ gifgfj [ËX`[\i Ô eXeZ` i\d\ek EX[`X% DX`j ^i Z\ Xl gcX]fe[ [\ [ g\ej\j# cËX`[\ eËXmX`k Ô eXc\d\ek gXj k e $ Z\jjX`i\% 8 cX dlkl\cc\# cX [Xd\ XmX`k Xgg\c X c\ D8=% ½ E\ mflj `ehl` k\q gXj# mflj Xcc\q Xmf`i c\ D8= ¾ XmX`k$\cc\ [`k% ½ DX]# X ]X`k le g\l GX]% GX] c\ Z_`\e ¾ j\ [`k EX[`X \e j\iiXek cX [if`$ k\ gfli gXjj\i c\j dXiZ_\j [l kif`j` d\% <k ]X`k cX i\dXihl\ hlË\cc\ g\ej\ [\ eflm\Xl ~ le Z_`\e%

555 0

C\ gcX]fe[ Xeel\c ~ gXik`i [lhl\c mflj Y e Ô Z`\q [l D8= [ g\e[ [\j i\m\elj e\kj [l d eX^\ Z\lo [\ cX kif`j` d\ Xee \ hl` gi Z [\ Z\cc\ gfli cXhl\cc\ c\ [if`k Xl D8= \jk \oXd`e % Mf`Z` c\j gcX]fe[j 1

8ee \ [\ i\m\elj )''/ mXcXYc\ \e )'(( ) ;\ ' ö ~ (,%+)'#(0 ö ;\ (,%+)'#)' ö ~ )*%.',#-- ö ;\ )*%.',#-. ö ~ *(%00(#(, ö ;\ *(%00(#(- ö ~ *0%0*(#*0 ö 8 gXik`i [\ *0%0*(#+' ö

GcX]fe[j +,' ö -,' ö (%''' ö (%+'' ö (%/'' ö

C\j ]iX`j jl`mXekj e\ jfek G8J gi`j \e Zfdgk\ 1

jlggc d\ekj [ _fefiX`i\j

gi`o [\j d [`ZXd\ekj efe i\dYflij j

k`Zb\k df[ iXk\li gfli c\j d [`ZXd\ekj i\dYflijXYc\j [\j ZX$ k ^fi`\j ;# :j fl :o `e[`ZXk`fe i\gi`j\ jli c\ Zfe[`k`fee\d\ek [l d [`ZXd\ek

c\j ]iX`j [\ j afli gXp j gXi c\j g\ijfee\j j aflieXek \e dX`jfe [\ i\gfj fl \e dX`jfe [\ i\gfj \k [\ jf`ej )

gfli le\ [\dXe[\ \e al`cc\k )'('# c\ [if`k Xl D8= j\iX \oXd`e \e )'(( 9@D 1 9 e Ô Z`X`i\j [\ cË@ek\im\ek`fe DXafi \% + FDE@F 1 JkXklk XZZfi[ jflj Z\ikX`e\j Zfe[`k`fej [\ i\m\elj% *

0

M8:8

D [`g_fe\ 8jj`jk ~ cË kiXe^\i

.a&. )+_&)+ " *) ) ../ 0+ 0+

555

<eZf[\q Z\ eld if [Xej mfki\ ^jd

<e Xii`mXek ~ jfe kX^\# cX cld` i\ jË\jk ~ eflm\Xl k\`ek\% ½ GXj Y\$ jf`e [\ iXccld\i ¾# j\ [`k EX[`X% <cc\ g\ej\ ]lik`m\d\ek ~ J YXjk`\e# hl` Xccld\ cX el`k# Xcfij hl\ EX[`X p mf`k Zfdd\ \e gc\`e afli% J YXj$ k`\e# c\ j\Zi\k ¿ <cc\ p g\ej\iX gclj kXi[% ;ËX`cc\lij [\ cX cld` i\ Yc\l\ jfik [Ë\e$[\jjflj cX gfik\ [\ jfe mf`j`e% ½ K`\ej# \e mf`c~ le Xlki\ hl` e\ kiXmX`cc\ gXj Xlafli[Ë_l`% ¾

Gfli mfj mXZXeZ\j efki\ Xjj`jkXeZ\ mflj gi\e[ \e Z_Xi^\

EX[`X eËX`d\ gXj jfe mf`j`e% @c eË\e X XlZle\ `[ \# Y`\e j i# EX[`X eË\e X aXdX`j [fee le j`^e\% ;\ kflk\ ]X fe `c e\ i\^Xi[\ gXj EX[`X# e` CfcX# e` g\ijfee\% CXli\ek MXe Qpg# ZË\jk Zi`k jli cX jfee\kk\ \e YXj% Le ^iXe[ Zfigj `dgfjXek# Xljj` `dgfjXek hl\ jfe `e[`]] i\eZ\% DX`j gXj le\ `e[`]] i\eZ\ [`jkiX`k\% Le [ [X`e kfkXc [\ Z\ hl` eË\jk gXj cl`% C\ ^\ei\ [\ kpg\ hl` gi\e[ kflk\ cX cXi^\li [\ cË\jZXc`\i \k mflj Zf^e\ \e mflj Zif`jXek% C\ ^\ei\ [\ kpg\ hl` [\jZ\e[ ~ cË\em\ij c\j dXiZ_\j [\j \jZX$ cXkfij [l d kif% C\ ^\ei\ [\ kpg\ ~ hl` mflj Xm\q \em`\ [\ YXcXeZ\i mfj Yflk\`cc\j [Ë\Xl jli cX k k\# i`\e hl\ gfli Zif`j\i jfe i\^Xi[%

Mflj gXik\q Y`\ek k \e mfpX^\ 6 ;Xej Z\ ZXj# eËflYc`\q gXj cË m\eklXc`k [\ jf`ej d [`ZXlo ~ cË kiXe^\i% :\ik\j df`ej gcX`jXe$ k\j hl\ c\j mXc`j\j# c\j gi ZXlk`fej jfek kflk Xljj` e Z\jjX`i\j%

HlXe[ EX[`X \eki\ [Xej jfe XggXik\d\ek# \cc\ Zfejlck\ jX dfeki\ \k jËX]]fc\% <eZfi\ kXek [\ Z_fj\ ~ gi gXi\i <cc\ ]fl`cc\ jfe jXZ ~ dX`e# m i`Ô \ hlË\cc\ X Y`\e \eZf[ c\j Zffi[fee \j [\ D\[`g_fe\ 8jj`jk [Xej jfe k c g_fe\ \k d`j cX g\k`k\ YifZ_li\ ½ GXjj\gfik jXek ¾ [Xej jfe jXZ X`ej` hl\ jX :<8D%

C< J<IM@:< ;<J ½ JF@EJ LI><EKJ Á C yKI8E><I ¾ JL< :FDGI<E; 1

le\ Xjj`jkXeZ\ ~ cË kiXe^\i# m`X D\[`g_fe\ 8jj`jk Z\ekiXc\ [ Xjj`j$

kXeZ\ # hl` Xjjli\ c\j ZfekXZkj jli gcXZ\# \emf`\ c\j d [`ZXd\ekj# fi^Xe`j\ c\ iXgXki`\d\ek# \kZ

c\ i\dYflij\d\ek [\ mfj ]iX`j d [`ZXlo# jXej c`d`k\ ( 1

jf`ej XdYlcXkf`i\j Z~[ jXej _fjg`kXc`jXk`fe# Zfdd\ le\ m`j`k\

Z_\q c\ d [\Z`e 3 ,'' ö 1 ]iXeZ_`j\ [\ ), ö# \k mflj k\j i\d$ Yflij ~ mfki\ i\kfli \e 9\c^`hl\

jf`ej XdYlcXkf`i\j 5 ,'' ö 1 gXj [\ ]iXeZ_`j\ \k D [`g_fe\ 8j$

j`jk XmXeZ\ cX jfdd\ e Z\jjX`i\

_fjg`kXc`jXk`fe 1 gXj [\ ]iXeZ_`j\ \k D [`g_fe\ 8jj`jk XmXeZ\ cX

jfdd\ e Z\jjX`i\ GFLI 9yEy=@:@<I ;< :< J<IM@:<# MFLJ ;<M<Q 1

ki\ [fd`Z`c` \e 9\c^`hl\ jXl] \oZ\gk`fej 2

ki\ \e fi[i\ [\ Zfk`jXk`fej gfli c XjjliXeZ\ Zfdgc d\ekX`i\

8M8EK mfki\ [ gXik 2

gi m\e`i D\[`g_fe\ 8jj`jk [Xej c\j +/ _\li\j \e ZXj [ _fjg`kXc`$

jXk`fe 2

j aflie\i [Xej le gXpj Zflm\ik gXi c\ j\im`Z\ JL< mf`i Z`$Zfeki\ 2

e Z\jj`k\i [\j jf`ej d [`ZXlo li^\ekj <K `dgi mlj 2

i\Z\mf`i Z\j jf`ej [liXek le\ g i`f[\ [\ j afli k\dgfiX`i\

aljhlË~ j`o df`j Xgi j cX [Xk\ [\ [ gXik# [flq\ df`j gfli c\j kl[`Xekj [Xej Z\ikX`ej gXpj 2

jl`mi\ c\j Xm`j [fee j gXi D [`g_fe\ 8jj`jk%

('

! <lifg\ Zfek`e\ekXc\ j\lc\d\ek

;Xe` afl\ jX^\d\ek [Xej jfe gXiZ# i\kflie\ jXej Z\jj\ le\ g\k`k\ Yf k\ \e Yf`j hl` ]X`k [\ cX dlj`hl\% CfcX ^i`Yfl`cc\ jli cX kXYc\ [l jX$ cfe \k jË cXeZ\ ~ cX ml\ [\ EX[`X% ½ DXdXe# i\^Xi[\ dfe [\jj`e ¾ ½ GXj dX`ek\eXek dX Z_ i`\# a\ [f`j m`k\ d\ gi gXi\i% ¾ EX[`X Ô c\ Xlo kf`c\kk\j \k g\ej\ ~ jfe gi\d`\i i\e[\q$mflj% 8 jfe j\Zi\k% Jfe ZÅli jËXZZ c i\% :Ë\jk le [i c\ [\ j\Zi\k# [\ Z\lo [fek fe e\ jX`k gXj jË`c ]X`k i`i\ fl gc\li\i% :\cX [ g\e[iX [\ cX i XZk`fe ('

G8PJ :FLM<IKJ G8I C 8JJ@JK8E:< <K C< J<IM@:< JL< 1 8c^ i`\# 8cc\dX^e\# 8e[fii\# 8lki`Z_\# 9fje`\$?\iq ^fm`e\# 9lc^X$ i`\# :_pgi\# :ifXk`\# ;Xe\dXib!# <^pgk\# <jgX^e\# <j$ kfe`\# =`ecXe[\# =iXeZ\!# >i Z\# ?fe^i`\# @icXe[\# @jcXe[\# @kXc`\# Bfjfmf# C\kkfe`\# C`Yp\# C`\Z_$ ^\ XekX lj k\ejk\`e# C`klXe`\# Clo\dYfli^# DXZ [f`e\# m X

k :\ a~ `eZc eZ\ DXck\# DXifZ# DfeXZf# Dfek e ^if# Efi$

X \jk [ i\ Xjjli \ 1 m ^\# GXpj$9Xj!# Gfcf^e\# Gfikl^Xc# I gl$ k f m ekX`i [Xej gc d\ e Yc`hl\ kZ_ hl\# IfldXe`\# IfpXld\$Le`!# Zfd Ô k\q$\ JX`ek$DXi`e# J\iY`\# JcfmXhl`\# Jcfm e`\# Gif Jl [\# Jl`jj\# Jpi`\# Kle`j`\# Klihl`\# MXk`ZXe%

E:<J [\ J YXjk`\e% DX`j [ËXYfi[# ki\ j i\% 8gi j \cc\ jËXlkfi`j\iX ~ j\ [\$ dXe[\i j` \cc\# EX[`X# m\lk i`i\ fl gc\li\i% CfcX ]iXgg\ ~ cX gfik\% ½ DXdXe# i\^Xi[\ dfe [\jj`e ¾ ½ Le\ d`elk\ cflcflk\# le\ d`elk\# aËXii`m\% ¾

Á gi\e[i\ XmXek [\ gXik`i

<cc\ mf`k c fdYi\ [\j g\k`kj g`\[j [\ CfcX [`jgXiX ki\ jflj cX gfik\% <k j\ iXgg\cc\ cX cld` i\ Yc\l\ Z_\q c\ mf`j`e% ½ Hl \jk$Z\ hl `c g\lk Y`\e kiXÔ hl\i 6 ¾ <cc\ c `dX^`e\ ]XljjX`i\# kflk fZZlg ~ m i`Ô \i c\j Y`cc\kj ~ cX cld` i\ [ le YXkfe cld`e\lo# \k i mXek [ le\ [ ZXgfkXYc\ jli c\j cXZ\kj [ le\ dfekX^e\ \e Yfi[ [\ d\i%

C8 :8IK< <LIFGy<EE< ; 8JJLI8E:< D8C8;@< :<8D CX :<8D g\id\k [\ giflm\i ~ c kiXe^\i hl\ mflj k\j Zflm\ik gXi cX J Zli`k JfZ`Xc\ [\ 9\c^`hl\% <cc\ \jk e Z\jjX`i\ j` mflj [ j`i\q mflj ]X`i\ i\dYflij\i jli gcXZ\ [\j ]iX`j [\ jf`ej \k \e ZXj [ _fjg`kXc`jXk`fe% :_Xhl\ d\dYi\ [\ cX ]Xd`cc\ [f`k Xmf`i jX ZXik\ g\ijfee\cc\% CX mXc`[`k [\ cX ZXik\ \jk `d`k \ 1 m i`Ô \q Z\cc\$Z` XmXek mfki\ [ gXik% :FDD<EK :FDD8E;<I C8 :<8D 6 CX :<8D \jk le\ ZXik\ `e[`m`[l\cc\ le\ :<8D gXi g\ijfee\ % <cc\ \jk ^iXkl`k\% Gfli c fYk\e`i# ZfddXe[\q$cX 1 PASSEPORT QUESTION SANTÉ

m`X `ek\ie\k&^l`Z_\k \e c`^e\ 2010

gXi k c g_fe\ Xl ') ,+0 .- ''

m`X mfki\ X^\eZ\ 19e édition

GXjj\gfik Hl\jk`fe JXek 1 mfpX^\q \e kflk\ j Zli`k

555 ((

8LK8EK J8MF@I (1

?fjg`kXc`jXk`fe [\ gclj [\ (, aflij 1 c\j ]iX`j d [`ZXlo [Ële\ _fjg`kXc`jXk`fe jfek gi`j \e Z_Xi^\ le`hl\d\ek [liXek c\j (, gi\d`\ij aflij# jXl] j` c\ i\kfli [l gXk`\ek \e 9\c^`hl\ jËXm i\ `dgfjj`Yc\ gfli ZXlj\ [\ jf`ej d [`ZXlo `e[`jg\ejXYc\j%

Gfli c\j gXpj efe Zflm\ikj# `c mflj \jk m`m\d\ek Zfej\`cc [\ jflj$ Zi`i\ le\ XjjliXeZ\ [\ mfpX^\ Xlgi j [Ële\ ZfdgX^e`\ [ËXjjl$ iXeZ\ gi`m \%

:\ikX`e\j \oZclj`fej \o`jk\ek% Gfli ZfeeX ki\ c\ [ kX`c [\j Zfe[`k`fej# Zfejlck\q efki\ j`k\ nnn%gXik\eXdlk%Y\ fl gi\$ e\q ZfekXZk Xm\Z mfki\ X^\eZ\%

<em`jX^\q$mflj le ki\bb`e^ jflj c\j kifg`hl\j gfli mfj mXZXeZ\j fl le mfpX^\ [ËX]]X`i\j jli le Xlki\ Zfek`e\ek 6 C\ GXjj\gfik Hl\jk`fe JXek # [`k gXi cËXjYc Hl\jk`fe JXek ~ cË`ek\ek`fe [\j mfpX^\lij# [ dfeki\ cË`dgfikXeZ\ [\ jË`e]fid\i [\ cX j`klXk`fe jXe`kX`i\ [Ële gXpj XmXek [\ jËp i\e[i\% Flki\ c\ kXYc\Xl [\j mXZZ`ej \k kiX`k\d\ekj gi m\ek`]j gXi gXpj (/' [\jk`eXk`fej \k cX c`jk\ [\j Z\eki\j [\ mXZZ`eXk`fe X^i j# Z\ ^l`[\ Xl ]fidXk [\ gfZ_\ Zfek`\ek [\j `e]fidXk`fej gifgi\j ~ Z\ikX`e\j dXcX[`\j jg Z`Ô hl\j \k [\j Zfej\`cj [\ mfpX^\% Fê CËF9K<E@I 6 8lgi j [l j\im`Z\ Gifdfk`fe JXek [\ mfki\ dlklXc`k # [\j Z\e$ ki\j [\ mXZZ`eXk`fe# [l j\im`Z\ ½gXjj\gfik¾ [\ mfki\ Zfddle\ fl ~ cËX[i\jj\ jl`mXek\ 1 J\im`Z\ Gifdfk`fe JXek [\j DlklXc`k j C`Yi\j Il\ JX`ek$?lY\ik (0 $ ((,' 9ilo\cc\j K c% 1 ') ../ 0* +* $ =Xo 1 ') ../ 0+ '+ gifdfk`fejXek\7dcfq%Y\ $ nnn%dcfq%Y\ M\ij`fe c\Zkife`hl\1 nnn%gXjj\gfikjXek\%fi^

((

CX ZpY\i[ g\e[XeZ\

555

@c i\dl\ c\ YXj [l [fj gfli hl\ c\ Zfljj`e j\ Zfdgi`d\ gXi]X`k\d\ek% Mf`c~% Gl`j `c i\gi\e[ le\ ^fi^ \ [\ jf[X g k`ccXek \e Xkk\e[Xek hl\ cX d cf[`\ ]Xd`c` i\ Xii`m\ ~ jfe k\id\# \k hl\ cX gXik`\ gl`jj\ ~ eflm\Xl j\ afl\i% :\kk\ ]f`j$Z` `c cËXliX# c\ ^ifj dfejki\ ^clXek hl` j\ ]fe[ [Xej c\ gXpjX^\% ;\lo ]f`j hlË`c j\ ]X`k gi\e[i\ gXi jligi`j\ \k g\i[ cX df`k` [\ j\j gf`ekj [\ m`\ ½ A\ mX`j c\ g` ^\i [Xej c\ cXYpi`ek_\ [\ Zi`jkXc ¾# j\ [`k M`ilj K\iifi% :Ë\jk jfe jliefd [Xej c\ a\l% @c XmX`k Zfdd\eZ Xm\Z 8ek`m`ilj# dX`j XmX`k k k\cc\d\ek iXkXk`e \k XYXe[fee gXi j\j Zf hl`g`\ij [l i j\Xl hlË`c X Z_Xe^ gfli le efd gclj m`i`c%

:_Xkk\i aljhl Xl Y\Xl d`c`\l [\ cX el`k# m i`Ô \i jX Yf k\ dX`c kflk\j c\j kif`j d`elk\j fl afl\i g\e[Xek [\j _\li\j jli c fi[`eX$ k\li 1 mf`c~ kflj [\j jpdgk d\j [\ cX ZpY\i[ g\e[XeZ\# le gif$ Yc d\ [\ jXek hl` j\ i gXe[ [\ gclj \e gclj% Mflj i\ZfeeX`jj\q Z\j j`^e\j Z_\q mflj$d d\ fl mfj \e]Xekj 6 8cfij `c \jk k\dgj [\ gi\e[i\ hl\chl\j d\jli\j%

:\ afli$c~ CXli\ek MXe Qpg e\ kiXmX`cc\ gXj efe gclj% :\ afli$c~# CXl$ i\ek MXe Qpg Zfdgk\# kflk Zfdd\ EX[`X# kiflm\i cX ^i Z\% DX`j gXj hl\jk`fe [\ gcX^\# [\ iXe[fee \ fl [\ m`\`cc\j g`\ii\j% :\ afli$c~# M`$ ilj K\iifi mX ]fe[i\ 9`^Jc`d\# [Xej c\ cXYpi`ek_\ [\ Zi`jkXc% @c XYXk j\j [f`^kj jli jfe ZcXm`\i \k [fee\ i\e[\q$mflj ~ j\j d\`cc\lij Zf hl`$ g`\ij ~ cË\eki \ [l cXYpi`ek_\# Xl g`\[ [\ cX dfekX^e\ [l kfdX_Xnb%

Hl \jk$Z\ hl le\ ZpY\i[ g\e[XeZ\ 6 =XZ\Yffb# DpJgXZ\# E\kcf^ 1 [\ efdYi\lj\j g\ijfee\j fek \e gi`e$ Z`g\ le \jgXZ\ \e c`^e\% I`\e [ kfeeXek gl`jhlË@ek\ie\k \jk [`jgfe`$ Yc\ )+ _ jli )+% :\kk\ XZZ\jj`Y`c`k # X`ej` hl\ c XefepdXk [l d [`X# \o\iZ\ek le\ ^iXe[\ ]fiZ\ [ XkkiXZk`fe% Cfijhl\ Z\ dfe[\ m`ikl\c [\$ m`\ek le\ [\lo` d\ dX`jfe# cX ZpY\i[ g\e[XeZ\ e \jk gXj Y`\e cf`e% Mf`Z` hl\chl\j Xjg\Zkj [\ Z\kk\ [`k\ ZpY\i[ g\e[XeZ\ 1

afl\i g\e[Xek [\j _\li\j ~ [\j a\lo \e c`^e\

Z_Xkk\i jXej Ô e Zfejlck\i kifg jflm\ek \k [\ ]X fe jpjk dXk`hl\ jX Yf k\ [\ i Z\gk`fe

Zfeki c\i [\ dXe` i\ fYj\jj`fee\cc\ c\j ZfeeX`jjXeZ\j gi j\ek\j

\e c`^e\ =XZ\Yffb# DJE# D\jj\e^\i#¿

ki\ `eZXgXYc\ [\ hl`kk\i @ek\ie\k

CX gfik\ jËflmi\ [\ cËXlki\ Z k [l Zflcf`i% @c \ek\e[ ½ Jfp\q Y`\e jX$ ^\j Xm\Z :cXl[`e\# d\j cflcflk\j% ¾ :Ë\jk cX mf`j`e\% @c \ek\e[ [\j gXj [\jZ\e[i\ c\j \jZXc`\ij% CËXkk\ek`fe [\ M`ilj K\iifi jË\jk ~ g\`e\ X]]X`Yc`\ hl\chl\j j\Zfe[\j% @c \jk ~ eflm\Xl kflk \ek`\i [Xej c\ a\l% DX`j ¿ `c mf`k hlËle\ hl`g\ [\ Z_Xjj\lij jË\jk [ a~ \e^X$ ^ \ [Xej c\ klee\c [l cXYpi`ek_\% @c k\ek\ [\ c\j iXkkiXg\i% Gflihlf` e\ cËfek$`cj gXj Xkk\e[l 6 C\j mf`c~% @c [\dXe[\ cË`[\ek`Ô ZXk`fe [l ^iflg\% C\X[\i 1 K_\ M`ilj K\iifi% ½ Hlf` :Ë\jk hl` Z\cl`$c~ 6 CX k\ii\li [\j m`$ ilj 6 ¾ @c m`\ek [\ c`hl`[\i 9`^Jc`d\ \k \dgfZ_\ cX gi`d\

I`jhl\j Le\ lk`c`jXk`fe XYlj`m\ [ @ek\ie\k j\dYc\ g\lk$ ki\ df`ej [Xe^\$ i\lj\ hl le\ Xlki\ [ g\e[XeZ\ Zfdd\# gXi \o\dgc\# Z\cc\ Xl kXYXZ fl le\ ZfejfddXk`fe XYlj`m\ [ XcZffc% Le\ ZpY\i[ g\e[XeZ\ g\lk gflikXek Y\c \k Y`\e Xck i\i cX jXek % Mf`Z` hl\chl\j [Xe^\ij c` j ~ Z\kk\ X[[`Zk`fe%

gifYc d\j gjpZ_fcf^`hl\j 1 g\iZ\gk`fe [l k\dgj g\ikliY \# kifl$

Yc\j [\ c _ld\li# Zfdgfik\d\ek X^i\jj`]# e\imfj`k # [ gi\jj`fe

gifYc d\j g_pj`hl\j 1 ]Xk`^l\# dXehl\ [\ jfdd\`c# j Z_\i\jj\

fZlcX`i\# [flc\lij Xl gf`^e\k# Xlo dX`ej# Xlo [f`^kj# Xl [fj# flYc` [\ j Xc`d\ek\i

gifYc d\j jfZ`Xlo \k jfZ` kX`i\j 1 e ^c`^\eZ\ [\j i\cXk`fej Xd`$

ZXc\j# `jfc\d\ek jfZ`Xc Xl j\`e [\ cX ]Xd`cc\# gifYc d\j Xm\Z c Zfc\ fl c \dgcfp\li

()

C\j ^iXe[\j dX`ej [\ CXli\ek jfek gXiXcpj \j% ½ @c dËX g`hl dfe efd% @c dËX g`hl dX Z`Yc\% @c dË\e m\lk ¾% Gl`j `c i\m`\ek ~ cX iX`jfe \k j\ iXgg\cc\ hl\ [Xej c\ dfe[\ m`ikl\c# g\ijfee\ e\ ZfeeX k miX`d\ek j\j Zf hl`g`\ij% Fe e\ g\lk gXj X`d\i fl _X i jli c\j d d\j Zi`k i\j% ()

<O<DGC< Nfic[ f] NXiZiX]k C\j a\lo \e c`^e\ Zfdd\ Nfic[ f] NXiZiX]k `ccljki\ek Y`\e c lk`c`jXk`fe gfk\ek`\cc\d\ek gifYc dXk`hl\ [ @ek\ie\k% @c j X^`k [\ dfe[\j m`ikl\cj m`X c\jhl\cj c\j afl\lij \eki\ek [Xej cX g\Xl [ le Z\ikX`e g\ijfeeX^\% C\j afl\lij g\lm\ek [\m\e`i k\cc\d\ek fYj [ j gXi c\ a\l hl `cj afl\ek [\j _\li\j [ X]Ô c \% ;Xej c\j ZXj \oki d\j# `cj fek d d\ [l dXc ~ ]X`i\ cX [`]] i\eZ\ \eki\ Z\ dfe[\ m`ikl\c \k cX m`\ i \cc\%

A<LO M@;yF FL ;IF>L<J 1 ½ AËXii k\ hlXe[ a\ m\lo ¾ CËXjjfZ`Xk`fe @e]fi$;if^l\j \k c\ ifdXeZ`\i E`ZfcXj 8eZ`fe fek [ m\cfgg le flk`c gfli XYfi[\i cX hl\jk`fe [\j [if^l\j Xlgi j [\j a\le\j ^ j [\ (' ~ () Xej% <e \]]\k# c\j [if$ ^l\j i\c m\ek ^ e iXc\d\ek [\ cË`eZfeel gfli \lo% GXi Zfeki\# `cj afl\ek gi\jhl\ kflj Xlo a\lo m`[ f% C\ ifdXe c\li iXZfek\ hlËle a\l m`[ f \jk le gcX`j`i# dX`j hlË\e \oZ j# `c g\lk \ekiX e\i [\j i`jhl\j%

J` c\ c`mi\ ½ AËXii k\ hlXe[ a\ m\lo ¾ jËX[i\j$ j\ Xlo \e]Xekj [\ ('$() Xej# `c \jk Xljj` `d$ gfikXek [ËXYfi[\i c\ jla\k [\j a\lo m`[ f Xm\Z c\j X[lck\j# XÔ e [\ c\li g\id\kki\ [Ë ki\ ~ cËX`j\ gfli \e gXic\i Xm\Z c\j \e]Xekj% 8`ej`# c\ j`k\ @ek\ie\k Zfdgi\e[ kif`j gXik`\j [`jk`eZ$ k\j [\jk`e \j Xlo 1 \e]Xekj gXi\ekj \ej\`^eXekj

:\kk\ _`jkf`i\ [\ efdj [f`k ki\ le _XjXi[% CXli\ek j\ c m\ \k ]X`k kif`j gXj m\ij cX ]\e ki\% ½ Fl]# a\ e\ jl`j gXj ZpY\i[ g\e[Xek ¾# j\ [`k$`c% ½ 8 dfe ^\ ¾ <k gflikXek# `c j \jk f]]\ik le\ aflie \ [\ Zfe^ gfli afl\i% Gfli cËXm\ekli\# cX clkk\# cX ZXdX$ iX[\i`\# cX af`\ [\j i ljj`k\j# hlË`c e\ kiflm\ gXj X`cc\lij%

Gfli gclj [Ë`e]fidXk`fej# jli]\q jli c\ j`k\ nnn%aXii\k\hlXe[a\m\lo%fi^

@c i\gi\e[ c\j ZfddXe[\j \k ]X`k le kXk [\j c`\lo [\ j\j Xid\j# dl$ e`k`fej# gflmf`ij jg Z`Xlo# gf`ekj [\ m`\% ½ 8ccfej# ZË\jk gXj cX ZXkX% ¾ @c gXik ~ cX i\Z_\iZ_\ [\ jfe _fdfepd\# jXej gcXe gi Z`j% 8l ]fe[# Z\kk\ XggXi`k`fe i\e[ c\ a\l \eZfi\ gclj gXcg`kXek% :\ hl` gfliiX`k ki\ le jfli`i\ jli le m`jX^\ [\ d\e_`i# X gi\jhl\ XggXil%

:fej\`cj gfli c\j gXi\ekj :\ hl\ c fe Xggi\e[ kflk g\k`k \jk Xggi`j gfli cX m`\ Gfli e\ gXj cX`j$ j\i jfdYi\i c\j \e]Xekj [Xej c\ ZpY\i\jgXZ\# le\ Yfee\ [lZXk`fe ~ @ek\ie\k [fee \ gXi c\j gXi\ekj \jk ki j `dgfikXek\% ; Zflmi\q Z`$[\jjflj hl\chl\j XjklZ\j lk`c\j%

8ZZfdgX^e\q mfki\ \e]Xek cfij [\ j\j gi\d`\ij gXj jli @ek\ie\k%

IXZfek\q$cl` mfj gifgi\j \og i`\eZ\j jli cX kf`c\ dfe[`Xc\% Mflj kXYc`jj\q X`ej` le\ ZfeÔ XeZ\ dlkl\cc\%

:feZcl\q [\ Yfej XZZfi[j jli c lk`c`jXk`fe [ @ek\ie\k gXi \o\dgc\

jli]\i le\ _\li\ Xgi j c\j [\mf`ij# e\ gXj ]X`i\ [ XZ_Xkj \e c`^e\#¿

@ejkXcc\q c fi[`eXk\li [Xej le\ g` Z\ Zfddle\ \k ~ le \e[if`k Y`\e

m`j`Yc\ gXj `jfc [Xej jX Z_XdYi\ %

8ggi\e\q ~ mfki\ \e]Xek ~ ki\ Zi`k`hl\ m`j$~$m`j [ @ek\ie\k% @e]fi$

d\q$c\ gXi \o\dgc\ jli c\j [Xe^\ij [l Z_Xk# [\j gXi`j \e c`^e\# [\j YXee` i\j# \kZ%

;Xej cX ZX^\ [Ë\jZXc`\i# cX cld` i\ jË k\`ek Xcfij hl\ EX[`X mX Xkk\`e$ [i\ c\ (\i% GXj Y\jf`e [\ iXccld\i# cX gfik\ [l i\q [\ Z_Xljj \ ZcX`i\ ]X`Yc\d\ek c\j [\ie` i\j mfc \j [\ dXiZ_\j% DX`j jfe Zfigj j\ d\k ~ iXc\ek`i# `c X j\ek` le\ Xlki\ gi j\eZ\% C~# le i\Õ \k [\ cld` i\ ~ cX _Xlk\li [\j p\lo% EX[`X j\ [ Z`[\ ~ Xccld\i% ½ F_ 9feafli Dfej`\li C\\dXej ¾ CËXlki\ ^ifdd\cc\ le jfe% G]] D\iZ` c\ i\Õ \k [Xej c\j cle\kk\j [l ZfeZ`\i^\% EX[`X \jk gi\jhl\ i\eki \ [\[Xej% <cc\ i gi`d\ le [ ^flk ~ Z\kk\ `[ \% Kflk ]i c\# kflk g c\ [Xej Z\kk\ ZX^\ [Ë\jZXc`\i ¿ :fdd\ le m\i cl`jXek ½ P\ib ¾%

<k gfli c\j X[lck\j 6

555 (*

Gclj [ `e]f Mflj c`i\q kflk Z\ hl `c ]Xlk jXmf`i jli le\ lk`c`jXk`fe j Zli`j \ \k i\jgfejXYc\ [ @ek\ie\k jli 1

nnn%jX]\i`ek\ie\k%Y\

nnn%Zc`ZbjX]\%Y\

nnn%`ek\ie\kjfZ`\kp%Y\

K\jk\q mfki\ lk`c`jXk`fe [ @ek\ie\k jli nnn%jkfgfl\eZfi\%Y\ k

C\j \e]Xekj e\ jfek gXj c\j j\lcj ~ gXi]f`j X[fgk\i le Zfdgfik\d\ek ~ i`jhl\ jli @ek\ie\k% C\j X[lck\j g\lm\ek Xljj` g\i[i\ c\ Zfeki c\ [\ c\li lk`c`jXk`fe [ @ek\ie\k% :fdd\ek i\jk\i dX ki\ [\ cX j`klXk`fe 6

@dgfj\q$mflj [\j c`d`k\j# gXi \o\dgc\ dXo`dld le\ _\li\ [ @ek\i$ e\k gXi afli%

Kifhl\q c ZiXe [ fi[`eXk\li Zfeki\ le\ XZk`m`k hl\ mflj X`d\q 1

jgfik# jfik`\ \eki\ Xd`j# c\Zkli\# aXi[`eX^\# ¿ Mflj Zfdd\eZ\q ~ g\i[i\ gi`j\ jli cX m`\ ~ ZXlj\ [\ mfki\ ZpY\i$ [ g\e[XeZ\ 6 :_\iZ_\q Xcfij le\ X`[\ gif]\jj`fee\cc\ Xlgi j [Ële gjpZ_fk_ iXg\lk\ fl gi\e\q ZfekXZk Xm\Z c\ j\im`Z\ [\ ZfejlckXk`fej [Ë@e]fi$[if^l\j Xl ')&)). ,) ,)%

GifÔ c i\d\iZ`\ Il[p MXeje`Zb# gi j`[\ek [\ @ek\ie\k JfZ`\kp 9\c^`ld @JF: # gfli jfe X`dXYc\ ZfccXYfiXk`fe \k jX i\c\Zkli\ Xm`j \

(*

;\lo jl^^\jk`fej gfli d`\lo m`mi\ Xgi j c\ 555

:cXl[`e\ i\^Xi[\ CfcX [\jj`e\i \k jfe ZÅli ]fe[ Zfdd\ c\ Z_fZf$ cXk% CX g\k`k\ k`i\ cX cXe^l\ jli c\ Z k # kflk\ ZfeZ\eki \ ~ Y`\e [\j$ j`e\i \eki\ c\j c`^e\j# \k ~ e\ cX`jj\i XlZle \jgXZ\ YcXeZ% <cc\ gXjj\ \k i\gXjj\ c\ Y kfe [\ gXjk\c ifl^\% :cXl[`e\ j`ifk\ le k_ m\ik ~ cX d\ek_\# c\ [fj Y`\e Xgglp Zfeki\ c\j Zfljj`ej dlck`Zfcfi\j hl` [ $ Yfi[\ek [l ]Xlk\l`c% ½ AËX` Ô e` ¾ CfcX dfeki\ jfe [\jj`e% ½ F_ hl\ ZË\jk afc` :Ë\jk hlf` 6 ¾ CfcX j\ ZfeZ\eki\% :Ë\jk Z\ hl\ Zif`k :cXl[`e\% CfcX g\ej\ 1 ½ <cc\ e\ jX`k gXj Z\ hl\ ZË\jk le Zcfne% CX gXlmi\% JXej [flk\ jX dXdXe e\ cËX aXdX`j \dd\e \ Xl Z`ihl\% Fl hlË\cc\ X flYc` Z\ hl\ ZË kX`k# gXiZ\ hlË\cc\ kX`k dXcX[\% ¾ <cc\ \ogc`hl\ ~ :cXl[`e\ 1 ½ ZË\jk le Dfej`\li hl` ]X`k i`i\ c\j \e]Xekj ¾ ½ Fl`# dX g\k`k\% Fe Xgg\cc\ X le Zcfne ¾ CfcX cX i\^Xi[\ Xm\Z [\lo ^iXe[j p\lo ife[j ef`ij% ½ Kl \j \eZfi\ dXcX[\ 6 ¾ :cXl[`e\ \jk c ^ i\d\ek [ jXi fee \% CX gclgXik [\j ^\ej# d d\ Z\lo Xl ZfliXek# ]fek j\dYcXek [\ e\ gXj jXmf`i% JXl] ~ ;le\gXee\# f \cc\ X gXjj le\ j\dX`e\ XgX`jXek\ ~ gXikX^\i jX clkk\ Zfeki\ c\ ZXeZ\i% ½ A\ e\ jl`j gXj cX j\lc\ ¾ XmX`k$\cc\ i\k\el [\ cX j\dX`e\% DX`j \cc\ eËX gXj Xggi`j Zfdd\ek i gfe[i\ ~ le\ g\k`k\ Ô cc\¿ <cc\ j\ cXeZ\% ½ Fl`# a\ jl`j \eZfi\ le g\l dXcX[\# dX`j a\ mX`j Y\Xl$ Zflg d`\lo% Kl jX`j# `c p X [\j dXcX[`\j hl` gi\ee\ek gclj [\ k\dgj ~ ^l i`i hlËle i_ld\% ¾ ½ Df` Xljj` aËX` k Y\XlZflg dXcX[\ cËXee \ gXjj \% ¾ [`k j i`\lj\d\ek CfcX% ½ <k a\ jl`j ki j Zfek\ek\ hl\ kl X`cc\j d`\lo ¾

(% J<D8@E< J8EKy Á C8 D<I C\ kiX`k\d\ek [ le ZXeZ\i \e^\e[i\ jflm\ek [\j \]]\kj j\$ Zfe[X`i\j kXek jli c\j gcXej g_pj`hl\ \k gjpZ_fcf^`hl\ hl\ jli c\ gcXe jfZ`Xc% Gfli cX [\lo` d\ Xee \ Zfej Zlk`m\# c\j DlklXc`k j C`Yi\j gifgfj\ek Xlo g\ijfee\j XpXek jl`m` le kiX`k\d\ek feZfcf^`hl\# le\ j\dX`e\ jXek [Xej c\li Z\eki\ [\ j afli [\ jf`ej# ~ ;le\gXee\% C fYa\Zk`] [\ cX j\dX`e\ 6 8d c`fi\i cX hlXc`k [\ m`\ [\ Z\j g\ijfee\j \k [\ c\li \e$ kfliX^\# \k c\li f]]i`i le jflk`\e k\dgfiX`i\ [Xej le ZX[i\ X^i XYc\ 1 :fh$jli$D\i%

(+

LE GIF>I8DD< <E:8;Iy <K 8;8GKy

@E=FID8K@FEJ GI8K@HL<J

Gfli i gfe[i\ Xlo Y\jf`ej jg Z`Ô hl\j [ Xgi j kiX`k\d\ek# c\j DlklXc`k j C`Yi\j gifgfj\ek ~ c\lij X]Ô c` j le gif^iXdd\ X[Xgk \k \eZX[i gXi [\j gif]\jj`fee\cj `jjlj# efkXdd\ek# [\ cX =fe[Xk`fe Zfeki\ c\ :XeZ\i% 8`ej`# g\e[Xek cX j\dX`e\ jXek # c\j gXik`Z`gXekj jfek `em`k j ~ gXik`Z`g\i ~ [\j Xk\c`\ij \e ^iflg\ Xo j jli c\ dflm\d\ek# cËXc`$ d\ekXk`fe# c\ jflk`\e gjpZ_fcf^`hl\# cX i\cXoXk`fe# \kZ% X`ej` hl ~ gifÔ k\i [\ jf`ej `e[`m`[l\cj k\cj hl\ [\j dXjjX^\j%

CX gifZ_X`e\ j\dX`e\ jXek ~ ;le\gXee\ XliX c`\l [l cle[` ). j\g$ k\dYi\ Xl [`dXeZ_\ * fZkfYi\ )'('%

Gi`o 1 (,' ö gfli c\j d\dYi\j [\ GXik\eXdlk gfli . aflij# j afli \e g\ej`fe Zfdgc k\# Xe`dXk`fej \k \eZX[i\d\ek Zfdgi`j

I j\imXk`fe 1 ZfekXZk\q efki\ j\im`Z\ [ËX`[\ Xlo g\ijfee\j Xl ')&,+0 ./ +' fl jli]\q jli nnn%[le\gXee\$dcfq%Y\ \k i\^Xi[\q cX m`[ f ½ Gfli le\ d\`cc\li\ hlXc`k [\ m`\ Xgi j ZXeZ\i ¾% Mieux vivre après un cancer : reprenez des forces à la mer

Editeur responsable : Pascal Mertens - Rue St.-Hubert 19 -1150 Bruxelles

(+

CfcX \k :cXl[`e\ e\ j\ ZfeeX`jjX`\ek gXj cËXee \ gXjj \# :cXl[`e\ X \dd eX^ `c p X j\lc\d\ek [\lo df`j% CX dX`jfe kX`k [\m\el\ kifg ^iXe[\# \k c\j \e]Xekj gXik`j% 8m\Z c\ ZXeZ\i# \cc\ X [ j\ ]X`i\ ~ cË`[ \ hlË\cc\ e\ gfliiX`k gclj kflk ^ i\i# \k X hl`kk ~ i\^i\k jfe Y\Xl aXi[`e

Bouger

Profiter

Echanger des expériences

Se ressourcer

Vous vous rétablissez d’un cancer et votre traitement est terminé ?

Vous n’êtes pas encore au top de votre forme ? Vous souhaitez souffler un peu ?

Participez à la semaine santé dans un cadre unique

au centre de séjour de soins Dunepanne, au Coq-sur-Mer.

Plus d’infos ? Surfez sur www.dunepanne-mloz.be, consultez le dépliant d’information, envoyez un mail à semainesante@mloz.be ou contactez le service social de votre mutualité.

La semaine santé est une initiative de: Repos idéal... au littoral !

L’Union Nationale des Mutualités Libres regroupe :

Mfki\ d [\Z`e \jk$`c :FEM<EK@FEEy 6 C\ Zf k [ le\ gi\jkXk`fe [ g\e[ [l jkXklk [\ mfki\ gi\jkXkX`i\ [\ jf`ej d [\Z`e# [\ek`jk\# %%% % @c g\lk ki\ Zfem\ek`fee fl efe% :_Xhl\ gi\jkXkX`i\ [\ jf`ej [f`k mflj Zfddle`hl\i jfe jkXklk ~ c XmXeZ\%

ZXeZ\i

J` le gi\jkXkX`i\ \jk Zfem\ek`fee # `c Xggc`hl\ c\ kXi`] Zfem\ek`fee hl\ c\j dlklXc`k j \k c\j gi\jkXkX`i\j [\ jf`ej fek Zfem\el \ej\dYc\% C\j gi\jkXkX`i\j [\ jf`ej efe Zfem\ek`fee j ]XZkli\ek ^ e iXc\d\ek# \e gclj [l kXi`] Zfem\ek`fee # \eZfi\ le jlggc d\ek [ _fefiX`i\j% Mflj e\ i\Z\m\q gXj [ `ek\im\ek`fe [\ mfki\ dlklXc`k gfli Z\ jlggc d\ek \k mflj gXp\q [feZ gclj%

hlË\cc\ XmX`k d`j kXek [Ë_\li\j ~ [i\jj\i% DX`j \e mfpXek EX[`X dfek\i cË\jZXc`\i Z_Xi^ \ [\ j\j [\lo g\k`k\j Ô cc\j# [\ Zflij\j \k [\ cXe[Xlj# \cc\ XmX`k jl hlË\cc\ jËXkkXZ_\iX`k ~ cX m`\ [Xej Z\ eflm\c `dd\lYc\% :cXl[`e\ \jk gXi]f`j dXc ~ cËX`j\ Xm\Z CfcX# j i\ [Ë\cc\$d d\# gi\j$ hl\ `e[ g\e[Xek\% <cc\ ]fe[ c`kk iXc\d\ek gfli ;Xe`# kflaflij jX^\ \k jfli`Xek\# Xm\Z [\j afl\j [\ gXdgc\dfljj\ ifj\# ]iX Z_\j Zfdd\ cËXlifi\% <cc\ j\ i\k`\ek [\ e\ gXj cX ^Xi[\i ZfejkXdd\ek Zfeki\ \cc\# Z\ hl\ jfe Zfigj X]]X`Yc` e\ cl` g\id\k [\ kflk\ ]X fe gXj% <cc\ XliX`k X`d hl\ jX Ô cc\ ]Xjj\ [ \cc\ le\ ^iXe[$d i\# dX`j Xgi j Xmf`i kXek `ej`jk gfli hlË\cc\ [\m`\ee\ le\ ]\dd\ `e[ g\e[Xek\# `c cl` j\dYc\ \oX^ i [\ cl` gXic\i [Ële i c\ [\ ]\dd\ Xl ]fp\i%

;\gl`j c\ (\i aXem`\i )'('# c\j gi\jkXkX`i\j [\ jf`ej jfek c ^Xc\d\ek fYc`^ j [\ Zfddle`hl\i c\li jkXklk Zfem\ek`fee # efe Zfem\ek`fe$ e fl gXik`\cc\d\ek Zfem\ek`fee gfli c\j d [\Z`ej % Le d [\Z`e gXik`\cc\d\ek Zfem\ek`fee [f`k \e flki\ `e[`hl\i f \k hlXe[ `c Xg$ gc`hl\ c\ kXi`] Zfem\ek`fee % ;Xej cX giXk`hl\# Z\kk\ `e]fidXk`fe \jk X]Ô Z_ \ [Xej cX jXcc\ [ Xkk\ek\ [l gi\jkXkX`i\ [\ jf`ej% C\ [\mf`i [ `e]fidXk`fe \o`jk\ [\gl`j gclj cfe^k\dgj gfli c\j _ g`kXlo% Mflj gflm\q p [\dXe[\i# ~ c XZZl\`c# le\ c`jk\ i\gi\eXek le Xg\i l [\j gi\jkXkX`i\j [\ jf`ej Zfem\ek`fee j fl efe%

½ <jk$Z\ hl\ kX dXdXe X \l c\ k\dgj [\ Ô e`i mfj mXc`j\j 6 ¾ [\dXe[\$ k$\cc\ ~ CfcX% ½ Gi\jhl\# dX`j aËX` ]X`k cX d`\ee\ kflk\ j\lc\ ¾ ½ :X e\ dË kfee\ gXj% <k j` fe XccX`k ]X`i\ le\ gifd\eX[\ c\ k\dgj hl\ dXdXe i\m`\ee\ 6 ¾ ½ ;ËXZZfi[ ¾ <cc\j j\ d\kk\ek ~ iXjj\dYc\i c\lij X]]X`i\j% CfcX X`[\ :cXl[`e\ ~ jË\d$ YXcc\i [Xej c\ ^iXe[ k`jjl \k ~ gcXZ\i ;Xe` [\[Xej% CX g\k`k\ i c\ le g\l dX`j Xggi Z`\ m`k\ c\ YXcXeZ\d\ek [\j gXj [\ :cXl[`e\% :\cc\$Z` gifÔ k\ j\Zi k\d\ek [\ cX Z_Xc\li [\ Z\ g\k`k ki\ kflk Zfeki\ \cc\% ½ Fe \jk gXik`\j 6 ¾ [\dXe[\ CfcX% ½ Fl` ¾ :cXl[`e\ gi\e[ jX jXZfZ_\ \k cËXZZifZ_\ ~ jfe gXlc\% ½ ;Xej c\ gXiZ# `c p XliX c\ dXiZ_Xe[ [\ ^cXZ\ ¿ ¾ `ej`el\ CfcX \e k`iXek jli cX gfik\# Xgi j ki\ gXjj \ [\mXek :cXl[`e\% ½ J` kl \j jX^\# kl \e XliXj le\% ¾ gifd\k :cXl[`e\% ½ Fe mX jË\e d\kki\ ~ k`i\ cË_Xi`Zfk ¾ jË\oZcXd\ CfcX# \k j\j g\k`k\j Z_Xljjl$ i\j ifj\j j\ cXeZ\ek [Xej c\j \jZXc`\ij%

555 (,

)% AFLIEy< 9@<E ÜKI<

;\jk`e \ Xlo g\ijfee\j Xkk\`ek\j [Ële ZXeZ\i CX [\lo` d\ aflie \ Y`\e$ ki\ fi^Xe`j \ gXi GXik\eXdlk XliX c`\l c\ m\e[i\[` '/ fZkfYi\ )'('% :fdd\ eflj cËXm`fej gi Z`j [Xej c\ GifÔ c gi Z [\ek# cËfYa\Zk`] [\ Z\j aflie \j \jk [\ ZfejXZi\i [l k\dgj gfli jf`# [\ i\gi\e[i\ ZfeÔ XeZ\ Xgi j c\j kiX`k\d\ekj d [`ZXlo cfli[j \k ]Xk`^Xekj% <cc\j g\id\kk\ek ^Xc\d\ek [\ i\eZfeki\i# Z_Xe^\i# [`jZlk\i# Xm\Z [\j g\ijfee\j kiXm\ijXek c\j d d\j [`]Ô Zlck j# cX d d\ gi\lm\% CX aflie \ Zfdgi\e[ [\j Xk\c`\ij [\ jf`ej# dXjjX^\j jfg_ifcf^`\# i\cXoXk`fe \k mXclXk`fe% <cc\ Zfdd\eZ\iX ~ 0_ \k j\ k\id`e\iX m\ij (-_ gXi le\ g\k`k\ mXclXk`fe [\ cX aflie \% <cc\ \jk gi ml\ gfli le dXo`dld [\ (' gXik`Z`gXekj% CX gi`fi`k \jk [fee \ Xlo d\dYi\j \e Zflij [\ kiX`k\d\ek \k eËXpXek gXj gXik`$ Z`g gi Z [\dd\ek%

@E=FID8K@FEJ GI8K@HL<J c\ / fZkfYi\# [\ 0_ ~ (-_ C`\l 1 >ifkk\ [\ J\c# il\ [\j 8ki YXk\j )' ~ ('+' 9ilo\cc\j

I j\imXk`fe 1 ZfekXZk\q 8e^ c`hl\ ;\^i m\ m`X efki\ :\eki\ [Ë8`[\ Xlo G\ijfee\j \e ]fidXek c\ ')&,+0 ./ +' fl gXi \$dX`c j\im`Z\jfZ`Xc$Yoc7gXik\eXdlk%Y\

(,

J\im`Z\j [ËX`[\ \k [\ Zfej\`c Efj Zfej\`cc\ij \k Xjj`jkXek\j jfZ`Xc\j mflj XZZfdgX^e\ek# Xl Ô c [\ cX m`\# [Xej c\j dfd\ekj [`]Ô Z`c\j fl kflk j`dgc\d\ek gfli ]XZ`c`k\i mfki\ hlfk`[`\e% Eflj d\kkfej ~ mfki\ [`jgfj`k`fe efki\ \og i`\eZ\ X`ej` hl\ efj Zfdg k\eZ\j Xl j\im`Z\ [\ mfki\ jXek \k [\ mfj [if`kj jfZ`Xlo%

:Xifc`e\ X ]X`k le\ Zif`o jli c\j _fdd\j% 8 hlXiXek\ Xej gXjj j# \cc\ jË\jk [`k hlË`c \jk Y`\e kifg kXi[ gfli \jg i\i% KfdY\i Xdfli\lj\ eË\jk gXj le gifYc d\% <cc\ \jk Xdfli\lj\ [\ jfe Zfcc ^l\ Jk g_Xe\ [`o Xej [\ df`ej # [\ jfe mf`j`e K_fdXj dXi` # [\lo \e]Xekj # [\ 9iX[ G`kk dXi` # kifg [Ë\e]Xekj % <cc\ \jk Xdfli\lj\ ~ Z_Xhl\ mfpX^\% 8 Z_Xhl\ i\^Xi[ mfZXk\li gfj jli Zfigj%

8@;< <K :FEJ<@C Eflj mflj `e]fidfej 1

Jli c\ _Xe[`ZXg [if`kj \k XmXekX^\j jfZ`Xlo \k Ô eXeZ`\ij

Jli cËX`[\ Xggfik \ gXi efj j\im`Z\j k Z_\j d eX^ i\j# i\gXjjX^\# gi $ gXiXk`fe [\ i\gXj fl gXik\eX`i\j jXek \o% =fe[Xk`fe Zfeki\ c\ :XeZ\i Eflj mflj XZZfdgX^efej 1

;Xej mfj [ dXiZ_\j X[d`e`jkiXk`m\j \o% Zfdgc k\i le ]fidlcX`i\

;Xej mfj i\cXk`fej Xm\Z [\j `ejk`klk`fej [`m\ij\j Eflj mflj X`[fej 1 Æ Cfij [Ële Z_Xe^\d\ek [\ m`\

GcXZ\d\ek \e dX`jfe [\ i\gfj

Fi^Xe`jXk`fe [\ mfj j aflij [\ jf`ej

G i`f[\ [\ m`\ [`]Ô Z`c\ j gXiXk`fe# [ Z j# Z_ dX^\# \kZ% Æ 8gi j le\ _fjg`kXc`jXk`fe Eflj mflj Zfej\`ccfej 1 <e ZXj [\ dXcX[`\# gfeZkl\cc\ fl efe

Cfij [Ële gXjjX^\ \e `emXc`[`k [\ kiXmX`c Xgi j le Xe [Ë`eZXgXZ`k [\ kiXmX`c

Gfli le\ i `ej\ik`fe jfZ`f$gif]\jj`fee\cc\ c\j ]iX`j [\ ]fidXk`fe g\l$

m\ek ki\ gi`j \e Z_Xi^\ gXi cX j Zli`k jfZ`Xc\

:Ë\jk hlË`c gfj\ gifYc d\# jfe Zfigj% GXj le gifYc d\ [\ jXek # Y`\e Xl ZfekiX`i\% @c \jk ifYljk\# aXdX`j dXcX[\# `dgfjXek% <cc\ g\lk Zfdg$ k\i jli cl` gfli ]X`i\ cX ] k\ le\ el`k YcXeZ_\# Xcc\i kiXmX`cc\i c\ c\e$ [\dX`e% Gfdg\kk\ cX el`k# g`dg\kk\ c\ dXk`e% D d\ ~ hlXiXek\ Xej% DX`j [l Z k j [lZk`fe# `c eË\dgfik\ gXj c\j mf`o [l alip% @c gi\e[ [\ cX gcXZ\% @c jË`dgfj\% @c [`i`^\% @c e\ jX`k gXj \ogi`d\i Z\ g\k`k i\Zlc \o$ g\ZkXk`] hlËfek c\j Zfigj ] d`e`ej% C\j Zfigj [\ Y`Z_\j Xlo cfe^j Z`cj# fYj\imXek c\ d c\# `ej`elXek ½ g\lk$ ki\ 6 ¾ \k hl` jljZ`k\ek cX Zflij\ gflijl`k\ [Xej c\j Yl`jjfej% :Xifc`e\ e\ c\ [ k\jk\ gflikXek gXj% <cc\ X Ô e` gXi \e ]X`i\ le Xcc` % <cc\ jË\e Xdlj\# c\ [ Zfi\ Zfdd\ le jXg`e [\ Ef c \cc\ X Y`\e ZfejZ`\e$ Z\ hl\ Z\cX ]X`k i`i\ c\j Zfcc ^l\j % 8m\Z [\ ^iXe[\j YflZc\j [Ëfi\`cc\j# [\j Z_\m\lo [\ Zflc\li mXi`XYc\# [\j _XY`kj Xdgc\j% <cc\ j\ i\^Xi[\ c\ dXk`e [Xej cX ^cXZ\# Zc`^e\ le Å`c \k ]X`k le [\d`$kfli jli \cc\ ~ cX >`e^\i If^\ij%

EFJ J<IM@:<J (% CfZXk`fe [\ dXk i`\c 1 ;l dXk i`\c c`k# ZX[i\ [\ dXiZ_\# Z_X`j\ iflcXek\# ¿ mflj \jk gi k ^iX$ kl`k\d\ek g\e[Xek * df`j# gl`j cfl () df`j dXo`dld% I\ej\`^e\q$mflj Xlgi j [\ mfki\ X^\eZ\ _XY`kl\cc\ fl m`j`k\q efki\ j`k\ nnn%gXik\eXdlk% Y\ gfli [ Zflmi`i c\ dXk i`\c% )% J\im`Z\j \k jf`ej ~ [fd`Z`c\ C\j j\im`Z\j \k jf`ej ~ [fd`Z`c\ g\id\kk\ek ~ cX g\ijfee\ \e g\ik\ [ËXlkfefd`\ [\ [\d\li\i [Xej jfe \em`ifee\d\ek ]Xd`c`Xc c\ gclj cfe^$ k\dgj gfjj`Yc\% GXik\eXdlk ZfccXYfi\ Xm\Z [\j gXik\eX`i\j j c\Zk`fee j jli YXj\ [\ cX hlXc`k [\ c\li j\im`Z\# [\ c\li `e[ g\e[XeZ\ \k [\ c\lij Zfdg k\eZ\j% :\j [\ie`\ij Zffi[fee\ek mfj [\dXe[\j \k mflj fi`\ek\ek m\ij c\ j\im`Z\ ZfeZ\ie 1 `eÔ id`\i i\ j# b`e j`k_ iXg\lk\j# X`[\j ]Xd`c`Xc\j \k&fl X`[\j d eX^ i\j [ cX` [ Xkk\ek\ gfjj`Yc\ # ^Xi[\j$dXcX[\j# \i^fk_ iXg\lk\j# gf[fcf^l\j&g [`Zli\j# gjpZ_fcf^l\j# [\ek`jk\j# Zf`]]\lij# i\gXj Z_Xl[j

(-

9`\e j i# ~ hlXiXek\ Xej# i`\e eË\jk ]X`k# eflj iXjjli\ek c\j dX^Xq`$ e\j# jkXij [\ Z`e \k Xlki\j j`k\j [\ i\eZfeki\ jli @ek\ie\k% :Xifc`e\ gi ] i\ j\ ZfejXZi\i ~ jfe kiXmX`c% <cc\ \jk Xjj`jkXek\ jfZ`Xc\ ~ cX dlklXc`k % <cc\ Zflk\# Zfej\`cc\# ^l`[\% <cc\ eËX`d\ gXj kifg c\ k\id\ ½ Xjj`jkXek\ ¾# ZË\jk kifg gifZ_\ [Ë ½ Xjj`jk ¾% <cc\ gi ] i\ hl\ c\j ^\ej Xggi\ee\ek ~ ]X`i\ ]XZ\ gXi \lo$d d\j% <cc\ X gfli Zflkld\ [Ë\ogc`hl\i ½ :Ë\jk Zfdd\ j` mflj gfik\q [\j cle\kk\j jfcX`i\j \k hl\ mflj Zfe[l`j\q [Xej le klee\c% Mflj e\ mfp\q gXj kifg# mflj XmXeZ\q

8GG<C<Q$EFLJ

GFLI C8 Iy>@FE 9ILO<CCF@J< ')&,+0 ./ +' $ j\im`Z\jfZ`Xc$Yoc7gXik\eXdlk%Y\

GFLI C8 N8CCFEE@< ?FIJ ?8@E8LK '.(&). *0 /' $ j\im`Z\jfZ`Xc7Z`Xj$in%Y\

GFLI C8 Iy>@FE ;L ?8@E8LK '-,&*) '- 0' $ j\im`Z\jfZ`Xc$dfej7gXik\eXdlk%Y\

(-

*% KiXejgfik m\ij le d`c`\l d [`ZXc Æ Mfki\ j`klXk`fe 1 Mflj [\m\q mflj [ gcXZ\i [Xej le Z\eki\ [\ jf`ej# Z_\q mfki\ d [\Z`e fl \e d`c`\l _fjg`kXc`\i gfli [\j kiX`k\d\ekj d [`ZXlo Z_`d`fk_ iXg`\# [`X$ cpj\# iX[`ldk_ iXg`\# \kZ dX`j mflj eËXm\q gXj [\ dfp\e [\ kiXejgfik fl e\ gflm\q gXj mflj [ gcXZ\i j\lc% Æ Efki\ jfclk`fe 1 Eflj kiflmfej c\ kiXejgfik c\ gclj Xggifgi` ~ mfki\ kXk [\ jXek # hl\ mflj jfp\q mXc`[\ fl df`ej mXc`[\# \k Z\ Xl df`e[i\ Zf k% Eflj mflj gifgfjfej 1

jf`k le kiXejgfik gXi XdYlcXeZ\

jf`k le kiXejgfik fi^Xe`j gXi [ËXlki\j XjjfZ`Xk`fej XjjfZ`Xk`fej [\

mfcfekX`i\j# :G8J# Zfddle\j# XjYc% %

jf`k c\ j\im`Z\ ½ 8ZZfdgX^e\d\ek [\j dXcX[\j $ MfcfekXi`Xk ¾ 1

Le\ hl`g\ [\ Z_Xl]]\lij mfcfekX`i\j \jk ~ mfki\ [`jgfj`k`fe% Le [\ efj Z_Xl]]\lij mflj Zfe[l`iX Xl c`\l [l i\e[\q$mflj \k mflj Xggfik\iX ^X$ c\d\ek jflk`\e \k Zflk\ [ cX` d`e% [\ * aflij flmiXYc\j gfli ZfeÔ id\i mfki\ [\dXe[\ Æ KXi`]j [l j\im`Z\ Z_Xl]]\lij mfcfekX`i\j

. ö gfli le kiXa\k 8&I `e] i`\li ~ )' bd

'#*( ö&bd gfli le kiXa\k 8&I jlg i`\li ~ )' bd

+% ½ C\j 9XclZ_fej [ 8cq_\`d\i ¾ C fYa\Zk`] [\ Z\ j\im`Z\ \jk [\ g\id\kki\ ~ cËX`[Xek gifZ_\ [Ële\ g\ijfee\ Xkk\`ek\ [\ cX dXcX[`\ [Ë8cq_\`d\i [\ gi\e[i\ [l i g`k \e kflk\ kiXehl`cc`k [liXek le\ fl [\lo j\dX`e\j jXej Xmf`i ~ kiXej] i\i c\ dXcX[\ [Xej le Xlki\ d`c`\l% ;liXek cËXYj\eZ\ [\ cËX`[Xek# cË`ek\im\eXek\# Xgg\c \ 98CL:?FEE<L$ J<# [\d\li\ Xl [fd`Z`c\ [\ cX g\ijfee\ Xkk\`ek\# f \cc\ i\dgcXZ\ cËX`[Xek% ,% J afli [\ jf`e @c j X^`k [ le j afli k\dgfiX`i\ [Xej le\ dX`jfe [\ jf`ej Zfem\ek`fee \ fl [Xej le\ dX`jfe [\ i\gfj X^i # hl` [`jgfj\ [\ ]XZ`c`k j d [`ZXc\j# gX$ iXd [`ZXc\j \k i Zi Xk`m\j gfli X`[\i c\j _ k\j ~ i\gi\e[i\ [\j ]fiZ\j%

`ehl`\k% Df` a\ mflj \ec m\ c\j cle\kk\j jfcX`i\j% Mflj# mflj mflj Z_Xi$ ^\q [\ jfik`i [l klee\c% ¾ 8l$[\c~ [\j XggXi\eZ\j# jfe ^iXe[ Zfigj j\ cX`jj\ dflmf`i gXi c\j _`jkf`i\j [\j g\ijfee\j hl \cc\ X`[\% <cc\ ZfdgXk`k# \dgXk_`k# jË\d$ gc`k [Ë`e[`^eXk`fe% <k e\ i\jk\ gXj `eXZk`m\% JX [\ie` i\ `e`k`Xk`m\ jË\jk `dgfj \ Xgi j cËX]]ifek\d\ek [\j kiX`ej ~ 9l`q`e^\e% GXlmi\j eXm\k$ k\lij @eefZ\ekj# cX k k\ \eZfi\ [Xej cX [flZ\li [l n\\b$\e[ fl [ a~ [Xej c\j k Z_\j [\ kiXmX`c% :feÔ Xekj [Xej c\j dX`ej [Ële\ `ejk`klk`fe `^efiXek c\li j Zli`k # c\j kiX`kXek [\ m\Xlo Zfek\dgcXek c\j nX^fej% ½ C\ kiX`e Xii`m\iX Xm\Z m`e^k d`elk\j [\ i\kXi[# m\l`cc\q eflj \e \o$ Zlj\i ¾ Le\ g\k`k\ Z_Xejfe m`X _Xlk$gXic\li# aXdX`j [\j i\^i\kj% :Xifc`e\ mflcX`k ]X`i\ i X^`i# [`jX`k ½ j` kflj c\j XYfee j j\ d\kkX`\ek ~ gi\e[i\ c\li mf`kli\ gfli Xcc\i kiXmX`cc\i# mflj m\ii`\q c\ Yfi[\c @cj i\e[\ek j\im`Z\ ~ kflk\ cX ZfddleXlk \e dfekXek [Xej c\ kiX`e c\ dXk`e% ¾ <cc\ XmX`k gifgfj # jli gclj`\lij ]fildj [\ [`jZljj`fe @ek\i$ e\k# [\ dfek\i le\ fg iXk`fe eXk`feXc\% ½ Fe gi\e[ kflj cX mf`kli\# fe \emX_`k c\j Xlkfiflk\j% ¾ CË`[ \ eËXmX`k gXj ]X`k Yflc\ [\ e\`^\% :Xifc`e\ _XY`k\ \e ]XZ\ [\ cË Zfc\ [\ CfcX \k XZZ\gk\ [\ k\dgj ~ Xlki\ [\ gi\e[i\ c\ i\cX`j [\ cX ^Xi[\i`\% :Ë\jk Zfdd\ X hlË\cc\ X i\eZfe$ ki EX[`X% <cc\j j\ jfek d`j\j ~ gXic\i jXej i Õ Z_`i# j\ jfek `em`k \j ~ Yf`i\ le m\ii\% :Xifc`e\ \olck\# EX[`X Zfejlck\% <k CfcX i\^Xi[\ Xm\Z Xkk\ek`fe Z\ ^iXe[ dflc`e ~ gXifc\ jli c\hl\c fe g\lk Zfdgk\i Zfdd\ jli jX dX`e% CX g\k`k\ X gifgfj ~ :Xifc`e\ [\ gXjj\i XmXek c\li [ gXik% ½ :fdd\ X a\ kË\ogc`hl\iX` Zfdd\ek eflii`i 9ifljj\ g\e[Xek c\j mXZXeZ\j% ¾ 9ilZ\ \jk c\ gf`jjfe ifl^\ [\ CfcX# hlË\cc\ X ^X^e ~ cX =XeZp ]X`i% @c X c\ d d\ efd hl\ cË\]]iXpXek i\hl`e [Ële [\jj`e Xe`d %

C<J 8M8EK8><J ;< G8IK<E8DLK

555 (.

(

9@D 1 9 e Ô Z`X`i\j [\ cË@ek\im\ek`fe DXafi \%

)

FDE@F 1 JkXklk XZZfi[ jflj Z\ikX`e\j Zfe[`k`fej [\ i\m\elj%

*

KiXejgfikj efe$li^\ekj 1 Z\ik`Ô ZXk d [`ZXc e Z\jjX`i\

+

Cfe^ kiXa\k 1 kiXa\k j`dgc\ gfli c\hl\c c\ dfekXek ~ Z_Xi^\ Xgi j `ek\im\ek`fe [\ kflk\ XjjliXeZ\ [ gXjj\ (,' ö%

CËXjjliXeZ\ Zfdgc d\ekX`i\ [\ GXik\eXdlk mflj g\id\k [ËfYk\e`i [\j `ek\im\ek`fej gfli c\j j\im`Z\j [ X`[\# gXid` c\jhl\cj 1 J aflij [\ jf`ej fl j aflij 9XclZ_fe 8cq_\`d\i

I\dYflij\d\ek aljhlË~ *) ö&afli *, ö 9@D( Xm\Z dXo )/ aflij&Xe

\k dXo`dld (, ö&afli gfli cËX`[Xek gifZ_\ XZZfdgX^eXek MXZXeZ\j XZZfdgX^e \j fl d [`ZXc`j \j

Fi^Xe`jXk`fe [\ mfpX^\j jli d\jli\ Xm\Z fl jXej jf`ej m`X efj gXi$

k\eX`i\j$mXZXeZ\j G_fe\ Xjj`jkXeZ\

(.#+' ö&df`j Xl c`\l [\ )(#'.ö

Gfli c\j Y e Ô ZX`i\j 9@D( \k FDE@F) 1 ) ö&df`j i\dYflij j jli c\ gi`o

[\ cËXYfee\d\ek d\ejl\c Xl j\im`Z\ KiXejgfik d [`ZXc

KiXejgfikj li^\ekj \k efe li^\ekj * 1 aljhlË~ ,'' ö&Xe Xm\Z le dXo`$

dld [\ ,' ö&kiXa\k \k c`d`k ~ ) kiXa\kj&afli

Cfe^j kiXa\kj + 1 ),' ö&kiXa\k c`d`k ~ ) cfe^j kiXa\kj gXi Xe

KiXejgfikj gfli [`Xcpj\# Z_`d`fk_ iXg`\ fl iX[`ldk_ iXg`\ 1 aljhlË~

)%,'' ö&Xe Xm\Z le dXo`dld [\ ,' ö&kiXa\k

(.

;<J G@<;J <E 555

C\ jXZ ~ dX`e [\ EX[`X [Xej\ c\ ifZb% <cc\ [ ZifZ_\ jfe k c g_fe\ 1 ½ DX[\df`j\cc\ 6 Mflj Xm\q flYc` kflj mfj gXg`\ij [Xej cX jXcc\ [ËXk$ k\ek\% ¾ :Ë\jk miX` hlË\cc\ \jk gXik`\ jXej i Õ Z_`i% ½ 8_ d\iZ`# a\ i\$ m`\ej c\j Z_\iZ_\i% ¾ 8cfij# Zfdd\ X ZË\jk miX`% Le\ Ô cc\ fl le ^Xi fe% Le g\k`k ]i i\ fl le\ g\k`k\ jÅli% <k kflk mX Y`\e# aljhlË`Z`% Kflk mX Y`\e 6 HlXe[ EX[`X Zfdd\eZ\ ~ j\ gfj\i cX hl\jk`fe# jfe m\eki\ j\ j\ii\# \cc\ g\ej\ ~ Xlki\ Z_fj\% :Ë\jk gclj j`dgc\ [\ e\ gXj eld i\i c\j `dgc`ZXk`fej% DX`j# ~ eflm\Xl# `c e\ jËX^`k gXj [Ë\cc\ j\lc\# `c ]Xlk g\ej\i Xlo g\k`k\j% 8 \cc\ j\lc\# ZË\jk [\m\el iXi\# dX`j Z\j dfd\ekj e\ cl` dXehl\ek gXj% <cc\ e\ Zfdgk\ gXj ~ hl` i\e[i\ Z\j Zfdgk\j 6 # gifÔ k\ kflk eX$ kli\cc\d\ek% :fdd\ [\ jfe gifZ_X`e i\e[\q$mflj%

Kflj c\j aflij# efj g`\[j jfek d`j ~ il[\ gi\lm\% Jgfik# kX$ cfej _Xlkj# Z_Xljjli\j kifg j\ii \j# _ld`[`k % Gl`jhlË`cj ^XiXe$ k`jj\ek efki\ dfY`c`k # gi\efej$\e jf`e

JF@EJ ;<J G@<;J 1 :FEJ<@CJ GI<M<EK@=J :fij# m\iil\j# dpZfj\j# ?Xcclo MXc^lj [ ]fidXk`fe [\ cËXmXek$ g`\[ # fe^c\j `eZXie j# hlË`c jËX^`jj\ [\ g\k`k\j c j`fej fl [\ gX$ k_fcf^`\j gclj ^iXm\j# c\j i`jhl\j \eZflilj \e e ^c`^\Xek efj g`\[j jfek efdYi\lo% :\g\e[Xek# `c \jk gfjj`Yc\ [\ c\j gi m\e`i \e jl`$ mXek hl\chl\j Zfej\`cj%

?p[iXk\q$mflj hlfk`[`\ee\d\ek c\j g`\[j ~ cËX`[\ [Ële\ Zi d\ jg Z`Ô hl\% <e ZXj [\ kiXejg`iXk`fe \oZ\jj`m\# eË_ j`k\q gXj ~ c\j \e[l`i\ [\ kXcZ fl [\ Zi d\ Xek`$kiXejg`iXek\%

CXm\q$mflj c\j g`\[j [Xej [\ cË\Xl k` [\ Xm\Z [l jXmfe%

<jjlp\q$mflj d`elk`\lj\d\ek c\j g`\[j \k eËflYc`\q gXj [\ Y`\e ]ifkk\i \eki\ c\j fik\`cj%

:flg\q fl c`d\q$mflj i ^lc` i\d\ek c\j fe^c\j ~ cËX`[\ [\ Z`$ j\Xlo X[Xgk j fl [Ële\ c`d\ \e ZXikfe a\kXYc\% M\`cc\q ~ Zflg\i le`hl\d\ek c\ _Xlk [\j fe^c\j \k efe c\j Z k j%

=ifkk\q$mflj c\j g`\[j ~ j\Z gclj`\lij ]f`j gXi j\dX`e\ ~ cËX`[\ [Ële\ g`\ii\ gfeZ\ gfli c`d`e\i g\Xlo dfik\j \k ZXccfj`k j%

Gfik\q [\j Z_Xljj\kk\j \e Ô Yi\j eXkli\cc\j Zfkfe gclk k hlË\e dXk` i\j jpek_ k`hl\j% <m`k\q ^Xc\d\ek c\j Z_Xljj\kk\j [\ Zflc\lij ]feZ \j# ZXi \cc\j i\k`\ee\ek cX Z_Xc\li%

<m`k\q [\ dXiZ_\i g`\[j elj [Xej [\j c`\lo ~ _Xlk i`jhl\ [\ ZfekXd`eXk`fe k\cj hl\ g`jZ`e\j# jXleXj fl m\jk`X`i\j%

EË_ j`k\q gXj ~ Zfejlck\i le gf[fcf^l\%

(/

EX[`X j\ i\e[ Z_\q c \jk_ k`Z`\ee\ gfli le jf`e% <cc\ jË\e ]X`k le\ ] k\ `dgXjj`Yc\ % <cc\ e\ kiflm\ gXj jfe Zfigj \oZ\gk`fee\c% DX`j j\j g`\[j HlXe[ \cc\ c\j mf`k jfik`i [\ cX [flZ_\# j\ gfj\i [ c`ZXk\d\ek jli c\ kXg`j gfe^\# hlXe[ \cc\ c\j \jjl`\¿ :fek\dgcXk`fe# [flZ\li# Ô \ik # [\mXek Z\j ZfliY\j gXi]X`k\j# Z\j fe^c\j [\ eXZi\ [\ g\k`kj Zfhl`ccX^\j gcXZ j [ c`ZXk\d\ek Xl Yflk [\ [f`^kj i\Yfe[`j# k\e[i\j Zfdd\ [\j dX[\c\`e\j % <k Z\j ZfliY\j [fi \j# Z\ Zi\lo j\Zi\k jflj cX dXcc fc\ Jfe gi\d`\i gcX`j`i [\ mXZXeZ\j# Z\ j\iX [ \ec\m\i j\j Z_Xljjli\j% ; Zflmi`i j\j g`\[j jf`^e j% <e gcXZ\i le jli c\ jXYc\# c\ k\dgj [\ i\k`i\i cËXlki\ jXe[Xc\% Gl`j le\ ]f`j c\j [\lo \ejXYc j# jfl$ c\m\i c\j fik\`cj m\ij c\ Z`\c gfli le gi\d`\i Y `cc\d\ek [\ gcX`j`i% <k XmXeZ\i m\ij cX mX^l\ hl` c Z_\ c\ jXYc\% 8kk\e[i\ cX jl`mXek\# p gfj\i [ c`ZXk\d\ek cX gcXek\# \e f]]iXe[\%

(/

J YXjk`\e X le afli Zfdgc`d\ek j\j g`\[j% HlXe[ `c X ml jfe jfl$ i`i\# `c X [ j\ ] c`Z`k\i [ËXmf`i kXg aljk\% :fdd\ek mX$k$`c i X^`i Xl j\Zi\k 6 <cc\ X`d\iX`k cl` \emfp\i le d\jjX^\# X g\li [\ e\ gXj ki\ jXk`j]X`k\ [\ cX i gfej\% ;\ kflk\j dXe` i\j `c \jk [ a~ \e iflk\%

9FEE< J8EKy

D`\lo mXlk gXic\i Z\ jf`i# [Xej j\j YiXj% Iflk\ Ycfhl \% EX[`X ]i\`e\% ½ ?\`e 6 ¾ :Ë\jk miX`# `cj \e fek gXic ~ cX iX[`f# ZË\jk cX ] k\ [Xej kflk c\ hlXik`\i% @c mX ]Xccf`i hlË\cc\ j\ gXihl\ \k dXiZ_\% Gfliml hlË\cc\ e\ jf`k gXj \e i\kXi[ <cc\ j\ i\e[ [Xej le jXcfe i glk # ki j gi`j gXi c\j [ g\ej` i\j [\j Y\Xlo hlXik`\ij% Jfe i\e[\q$mflj \jk gi`j [\gl`j [\lo df`j# j` \cc\ Xii`m\ \e i\kXi[ `c j\iX m`k\ Xeelc % <cc\ j\ d\k ~ Zfli`i% IXc\ek`k kflk [\ jl`k\% ½ @c e\ ]Xlk gXj hl\ a\ c\ j\Zfl\ F_# `c \jk Y`\e XZZifZ_ # efe 6 ¾ <cc\ j\ i\d\k ~ Zfli`i%

C8 :?8LJJLI< JË8;8GK< 8L G@<;% G8J CË@EM<IJ< Le\ Z_Xljjli\ dXc X[Xgk \ ~ mfki\ dfig_fcf^`\ \k ~ mfj XZk`m`k j g\lk Xmf`i [\j Zfej hl\eZ\j jli mfj g`\[j# mfj ^\eflo \k mfki\ Zf$ cfee\ m\ik YiXc\% Gi\e\q [ j cfij mfki\ k\dgj gfli Y`\e Z_f`j`i mfj Z_Xljjli\j%

@[ Xc\d\ek# Z_f`j`jj\q [\j Z_Xljjli\j ~ cXZ\kj# jflgc\j \k c ^ i\j hl` d\jli\ek ( ~ (#, Zd [\ gclj hl\ mfki\ ^ifj fik\`c% Gi ] i\q Xljj` c\j Z_Xljjli\j ]\id \j Xl e`m\Xl [l kXcfe \k [\j fik\`cj XÔ e [\ gi m\e`i cËXggXi`k`fe [\ Yc\jjli\j% GXi Zfeki\# m`$ k\q c\j Z_Xljjli\j Xm\Z [\j Zflkli\j `ek i`\li\j%

CX j\d\cc\ [f`k ki\ jl]Ô jXdd\ek cXi^\ gfli jlggfik\i cËXmXek$ g`\[% ;\ gclj# gfli mfki\ j Zli`k \k XÔ e [ËXkk el\i c\j Z_fZj# fgk\q gfli [\j j\d\cc\j jflgc\j# \e Zl`i \k Xek`$[ iXgXek\j% <e i\mXeZ_\# m`k\q c\j j\d\cc\j Zfdg\ej \j%

C\ kXcfe e\ g\lk gXj ]X`i\ gclj [\ + Zd# ZXi mflj i`jhl\i`\q [\ jfl]]i`i [\ dXlo [\ [fj \k [\ g`\[j% <e flki\# `c \jk gi ] iXYc\ hl\ c\ kXcfe# ~ cË`ek i`\li [\ cX Z_Xljjli\# jf`k _fi`qfekXc \k hlË`c jf`k Xljj` cXi^\ hl\ c\ g`\[%

<jjXp\q mfj eflm\cc\j Z_Xljjli\j \e Ô e [\ aflie \# cfijhl\ mfj g`\[j jfek c\j gclj ^feÕ j%

½ ? DX[\df`j\cc\ Mflj e\ gflm\q gXj gXjj\i gXi c~% ¾ CX il\ \jk Ycfhl \ gXi [\ efdYi\lo ZXd`fej \k c\j k\ek\j [\j Zflc`jj\j hl` jËXj$ j\dYc\ek% ½ Mflj [\m\q ]X`i\ c\ kfli gXi c\ gXim`j% ¾ Dfek\i c\j dXiZ_\j# cfe^\i cË Zfc\ \k c\ _Xcc fde`jgfik# i\[\jZ\e[i\ gXi cËXm\el\ ¿ EX[`X e\ g\i[ gXj ZfliX^\ \k jË cXeZ\% <jjfl]Õ \# \cc\ Õ Z_`k c\ dfcc\k jli cX [\ie` i\ dXiZ_\% =Xk`^l \# \cc\ i\[\jZ\e[ cËXm\el\% JflcX^ \# \cc\ ]iXeZ_`k c\ gXib`e^ \eZfdYi [\ +o+ \k gfljj\ cX gfik\% CX g\ijfee\ i\jgfejXYc\ [\ cËXZZl\`c jZilk\ EX[`X \k cl` Zfcc\ Xljj`k k le\ k`hl\kk\% ;Xej le g`eZ\d\ek [\ c mi\j Zfcfi \j# \cc\ XeefeZ\ ½ A\ jl`j [ jfc \# eflj Xmfej [fee mfki\ gcXZ\ ~ le\ Xlki\ Zc`\ek\% ¾ ½ DX`j a\ eËX` hl\ [`o d`elk\j [\ i\kXi[ ¾ j\ gcX`ek EX[`X% C Xlki\ i gfe[# le\ dX`e [Xej jX Z_\m\cli\ [ Zfcfi \# ½ Eflj e\ gflmfej gXj eflj g\i$ d\kki\ [Ë ki\ i\kXi[ j gfli eË`dgfik\ hl\cc\ iX`jfe# mflj jXm\q% ¾ EX[`X j\ek Y`\e hlË`c \jk `elk`c\ [Ë`ej`jk\i% <cc\ jË\e mX% :_\iZ_\ le\ jf$ clk`fe% Efe# \cc\ eËX gXj c\ k\dgj [\ j\ i\e[i\ [Xej le Xlki\ jXcfe# `c p X c\j Zflij\j ~ ]X`i\% ½ KXek g`j# a\ c\ ]\iX` df`$d d\# [Xej cX jXcc\ [\ YX`e [\ cX m`ccX% ¾

C< G@<; ;@89yK@HL<

555 (0

Gclj [Ë`e]f 6 Jli]\q jli nnn%\$jXek\%Y\# nnn%cXgf[fcf^`\%Y\ \k nnn%jXek\$[l$g`\[%fi^%

C\ [`XY k\ gifmfhl\ le\ g\ik\ [\ j\ej`Y`c`k X`ej` hl\ [\j Zfdgc`$ ZXk`fej e\lifcf^`hl\j \k mXjZlcX`i\j Xl e`m\Xl [\j g`\[j% @c \jk [ j cfij i\ZfddXe[ Xlo [`XY k`hl\j [\ Zfejlck\i le gf[fcf^l\ Xl df`ej le\ ]f`j gXi Xe% I\dYflij\d\ekj 1 j` mflj jfl]]i\q [\ [`XY k\ \k hl\ mflj gfj$ j [\q le gXjj\gfik [`XY k\ \k le [fjj`\i d [`ZXc ^cfYXc# mflj gflm\q [\dXe[\i ~ mfki\ dlklXc`k le i\dYflij\d\ek [\ [\lo j XeZ\j gXi Xe Xlgi j [Ële gf[fcf^l\ X^i % J`# kflk\]f`j# mflj e\ [`jgfj\q gXj [l gXjj\gfik [`XY k\# dX`j hl\ mflj \eki\q [Xej c\j Zfe[`k`fej gfli Y e Ô Z`\i [l kiXa\k [\ jf`ej gfli [`XY k\ [\ kpg\ )# mflj Y e Ô Z`\q Xljj` [\ Z\ i\dYflij\d\ek% GifÔ c i\d\iZ`\ 8ieXl[ JkXhl\k# gf[fcf^l\# gfli jfe X`dXYc\ ZfccXYfiXk`fe

(0

555

<cc\ i\af`ek jX mf`kli\# j Zli`j\ jfe jXZ \k [ dXii\% :fdd\ \cc\ X le g\l gclj [\ k\dgj dX`ek\eXek jfe i\e[\q$mflj Xeelc # \cc\ [ Z`[\ [\ j\ i\e[i\ Xl Z\eki\ Zfdd\iZ`Xc% ½ A\ a\kk\iX` le Å`c Xlo Yflk`hl\j XmXek [\ ]X`i\ c\j Zflij\j% ¾ 8l ]\l ifl^\ jl`mXek# \cc\ g\ej\ ~ J YXjk`\e% Cl` Xljj` [f`k ki\ Xl mf$ cXek% <cc\ X`d\ hlË`c cX gifk ^\ [\ jfe YiXj hlXe[ `c ]i\`e\ XmXek le ]\l% Le ^\jk\ eXkli\c hl` [`k ½ i\jk\ Xm\Z df`% A\ k\ gifk ^\# d d\ [\ df`% ¾

Eflm\Xlo [if`kj \k [\mf`ij gfli c\j XeZ`\ej kiXmX`cc\lij ]ifekXc`\ij

<cc\ cËX ml cX gi\d` i\# [Xej le\ j XeZ\ [ËXii k kXYX^`hl\% :Xifc`e\ XmX`k `ej`jk ½ kl m\iiXj# ZË\jk Y`\e ]X`k% <ej\dYc\# ZË\jk gclj ]XZ`c\ [ËXii k\i% ¾ EX[`X eËp ZifpX`k gXj kifg% CX Z`^Xi\kk\# ZË\jk Z\ hl` cX ]X`jX`k k\e`i% C\j el`kj kifg Zflik\j# c\j Xe^f`jj\j kifg cfe^l\j% J YXjk`\e kX`k gclj df$ k`m # jfe g i\ m\eX`k [\ dfli`i [Ële ZXeZ\i [\j gfldfej% <cc\ cËX \j$ g`fee [\gl`j cX kXYc\ ~ ZX] % J\j ^iXe[\j YflZc\j ef`i\j% J\j dX`ej [\ kiXmX`cc\li% Jfe X`i [ k\id`e % HlXe[ cËXe`dXk\li X `em`k kflk c\ dfe[\ ~ jËXjj\f`i# \cc\ jË\jk i\kiflm \ Zfdd\ gXi d`iXZc\ ~ Z k [\ cl`%

;\gl`j c\ (\i dX` )'('# [\ eflm\Xlo i ^c\d\ekj \lifg \ej jfek [ Xggc`ZXk`fe gfli kflj c\j kiXmX`cc\lij ]ifekXc`\ij# hl `cj jf`\ek \e$ Zfi\ XZk`]j fl efe% Le kiXmX`cc\li ]ifekXc`\i \jk le\ g\ijfee\ hl`# gXi \o\dgc\# kiXmX`cc\ \e 9\c^`hl\ \k i\kflie\ Xl df`ej le\ ]f`j gXi j\$ dX`e\ ~ jfe [fd`Z`c\ \e =iXeZ\%

8l Ô c [\j j XeZ\j# `cj fek Xggi`j ~ j\ ZfeeX ki\% @c Zfcc\Zk`fee\ c\j g\k`kj Yflcfkj# \cc\ g\ej\ e\ aXdX`j Z_Xe^\i% @c X`d\ a\k\i# \cc\ X`d\ Zfej\im\i% @c X kflaflij le\ _`jkf`i\ ~ iXZfek\i# \cc\ le\ fi\`cc\ ~ gi k\i% @c X`d\ kflk\j c\j dlj`hl\j% <cc\ eË Zflk\ hl\ cX iX[`f% C\j j XeZ\j [\ ^iflg\ [\m\eX`\ek c\li i\e[\q$mflj% <cc\ jËXggc`hlX`k ~ e\ gclj kfl$ Z_\i le gXhl\k# gXi g\li [\ c\ [ Z\mf`i%

Mf`Z` hl\chl\j eflm\Xlk j 1

C\j `e[ g\e[Xekj hl` kiXmX`cc\ek ^Xc\d\ek Zfdd\ jXcXi` j [Xej le gXpj mf`j`e e\ gX`\ek gclj [\ Zfk`jXk`fej jfZ`Xc\j hl\ [Xej c\ gXpj [Xej c\hl\c `cj kiXmX`cc\ek Zfdd\ jXcXi` %

C\j g\ijfee\j \e `eZXgXZ`k [\ kiXmX`c [f`m\ek ~ gi j\ek j\ [ ZcXi\i [Xej c\ gXpj f \cc\j kiXmX`cc\ek% J` mflj kiXmX`cc\q \e 9\c^`hl\# \k hl\ mflj _XY`k\q \e =iXeZ\# [\dXe[\q ~ mfki\ d [\Z`e kiX`kXek \e =iXeZ\ [\ i\dgc`i le ½ Xm`j [ Xii k [\ kiXmX`c ¾ hl\ mflj kiXejd\kk\q \ejl`k\ ~ mfki\ dlklXc`k Y\c^\# [Xej c\j [ cX`j c ^Xlo Y\c^\j%

C\j g\ijfee\j hl` fek \ekXd le kiX`k\d\ek d [`ZXc [Xej c\ gXpj f \cc\j kiXmX`ccX`\ek XmXek [\ kfdY\i \e `eZXgXZ`k [\ kiXmX`c fl [\ gi\e[i\ c\li g\ej`fe g\lm\ek ~ gi j\ek gflijl`mi\ Z\ kiX`k\d\ek [Xej Z\ gXpj%

C\j g\ijfee\j hl` fek kiXmX`cc Xl df`ej [\lo Xej Zfdd\ kiX$ mX`cc\li ]ifekXc`\i Xl Zflij [\j Z`eh Xej hl` gi Z [\ek c\li g\ej`fe# g\lm\ek i\kflie\i [Xej c\ gXpj f \cc\j kiXmX`ccX`\ek gfli e `dgfik\ hl\c jf`e d [`ZXc# \k Z\Z` gfli c\ i\jkXek [\ c\lij aflij% 8kk\ek`fe 1 Z\Z` \jk le`hl\d\ek mXcXYc\ gfli c\j kiXmX`cc\lij ]ifekXc`\ij hl` fek ]X`k cX eXm\kk\ \eki\ cX 9\c^`hl\ \k cX =iXeZ\# c\ Clo\dYfli^ fl c 8cc\$ dX^e\% )'

)'

EX[`X \eki\ [Xej le\ Yflk`hl\ ½ [\ie`\ij Xik`Zc\j jfc[ j ¾ \k Z_f`j`k kif`j g\k`k\j ifY\j [Ë k % ½ Le g\l fj # dX`j `c mXlk d`\lo hl\ aË\e gifÔ k\ XmXek% ¾ <cc\ i\af`ek cX Ô c\ [\mXek c\j ZXY`e\j [Ë\jjXpX^\% ½ Kl m\iiXj# aËp j\iX` m`k\% ¾ X [`k J YXjk`\e _`\i jf`i Xl k c g_fe\% <cc\ cl` ]X`k ZfeÔ XeZ\ 1 XeZ`\e kiXmX`cc\li ]ifekXc`\i# J YXjk`\e X dX`ek\j ]f`j kiXm\ij cX ]ifek` i\ ]iXe X`j\ jflj cX ^iXe[\ jkilZkli\ Xlo [flYc\j cfjXe^\j%

J` mflj g\iZ\m\q XZkl\cc\d\ek le\ `e[\de`k [ `emXc`[`k Y\c^\ \k hl\ mflj Xm\q le afli kiXmX`cc Xlo GXpj$9Xj fl \e =iXeZ\# mflj Xm\q# j\cfe cX eflm\cc\ i ^c\d\ekXk`fe# [if`k ~ le\ `e[\de`k ~ cXhl\cc\ Z_Xhl\ gXpj gXik`Z`g\ \e ]feZk`fe [l efdYi\ [ Xee \j g\e[Xek c\j$ hl\cc\j mflj p Xm\q k XZk`]% Mflj gflm\q [\dXe[\i le\ i m`j`fe [\ mfki\ [fjj`\i ~ mfki\ dlklXc`k % 8kk\ek`fe 1 le\ i m`j`fe [\ c `e[\de`k [ `emXc`[`k e \jk gXj jpef$ epd\ [ Xl^d\ekXk`fe gfli kflk c\ dfe[\%

K898:

Le\ ]f`j [Xej cX ZXY`e\# Zf`eZ \ [Xej le\ ifY\ [fek \cc\ eË\jk gXj j i\ [ËXmf`i d`j cX k k\ [Xej cX dXeZ_\ fl cX dXeZ_\ [Xej c\ [fj# jfe k c g_fe\ j`^eXc\ cËXii`m \ [Ële d\jjX^\% :Ë\jk J YXjk`\e% ½ 8ii`m j ~ cËX^\eZ\% GifYc d\ [\ i jX# j i\ [ËXmf`i i j\im gfli Z\kk\ j\dX`e\ 6 ¾ Jfe ZÅli j\ j\ii\% <cc\ i gfe[ m`k\ ½ Fl`# Z\kk\ j\dX`e\% GXp XZfdgk\% I\ l ZfeÔ idXk`fe gXi dX`c% ¾ <e\im \# \cc\ [ Z`[\ [\ gi\e[i\ j\lc\d\ek cX ifY\ \e Zfkfe ~ c`^e\j ifl^\j \k YcXeZ_\j# Xm\Z le ^ifj Yflkfe jli c\ Z k % <cc\ j\ [`i`^\ m\ij cX Ô c\ [\j ZX`jj\j \k i\ f`k ½ M`ccX gXj c`Yi\# X^\eZ\ Z_\iZ_\ jfclk`fe% K\ k`\ej Xl ZfliXek% ¾ F_ efe# gXj [ËXeelcXk`fe% <cc\ j\ ]fiZ\ ~ ^Xi[\i ZfeÔ XeZ\% J YXjk`\e mX kiflm\i%

Mflj mfl[i`\q Xii k\i [\ ]ld\i# Xm\q [ a~ \jjXp fl ZiX`^e\q [\ i\Z_lk\i 6 GXik\eXdlk jflk`\ek mfki\ [ dXiZ_\ ^i Z\ ~ jfe gif$ ^iXdd\ [\ j\miX^\ kXYX^`hl\ le`hl\%

Le\ j\jj`fe [ `e]fidXk`fe ^iXkl`k\ [\jk`e \ ~ hl`Zfehl\ j\ gfj\ [\j hl\jk`fej jli c\ k_ d\ [l kXYXZ%

:`eh j XeZ\j [\ ^iflg\ \eZX[i \j gXi le gjpZ_fcf^l\ \e jXek \k le kXYXZfcf^l\%

8 mfki\ gifgi\ ipk_d\# mflj Z_f`j`jj\q c\ dfd\ek [ËXii k\i# jXej fYc`^Xk`fe%

; k\ek\ \k XdY`XeZ\ ZfejkilZk`m\%

Le Z_ hl\ ZX[\Xl gfli [\lo g\ijfee\j%

Le ZfXZ_`e^ gXi k c g_fe\ ]XZlckXk`] Xgi j c\j j XeZ\j%

:fdd\ c\li gi\d`\i jf`i% @c XmX`k gifgfj [\ gifcfe^\i cX [\ie` i\ j XeZ\ [\ ^iflg\ gXi le i\jkf ½ gfli e\ gXj j\ [`i\ Xl i\mf`i Zfdd\ X% ¾ <cc\ XmX`k d`j jX gclj Y\cc\ ifY\# m\ik\ d\iXl[\# jflj c\ i\^Xi[ ]XjZ`e \k `eki`^l [\ CfcX% @cj kX`\ek Xii`m j [\mXek le i\jkXliXek ]\id % ½ 9\e qlk# aËX` gXj g\ej ~ k c g_fe\i% ¾ @c e\ gXe`hlX`k gXj% E\ j\ j\e$ kX`k gXj `[`fk% ½ Fb# aËX` le\ `[ \% ¾ @cj XmX`\ek [ mXc`j le e`^_k j_fg \k XmX`\ek g`hl\$e`hl jli c\j g\cflj\j [Ële ^iXe[ gXiZ% 8mX`\ek Zfdd\eZ gXi c\j ^cXZ\j# [\ g\li hlË\cc\j e\ ]fe[\ek% 8mX`\ek Ô e` gXi c\j Z_`gj g`Zbc\j% ;Xej cX ild\li [\j mf`kli\j jli c\ Yflc\mXi[ mf`j`e# `c cËXmX`k i\^Xi[ \ \e ]i\[feeXek ½ Le]fi^\kkXYc\# k_XkËj n_Xk pfl Xi\ ¿ ¾ @c Z_XekX`k ki j ]Xlo# \cc\ e\ Zfdgi\eX`k gXj c\j gXifc\j% DX`j jXmX`k hlË`cj XccX`\ek jË\dYiXjj\i [Ële\ d`elk\ ~ cËXlki\%

<e ZfccXYfiXk`fe Xm\Z c\ J\im`Z\ [ <kl[\j \k [\ Gi m\ek`fe [l KX$ YX^`jd\# GXik\eXdlk mflj [fee\ \eZfi\ i\e[\q$mflj \e )'(' gfli c\j j\jj`fej YXj \j jli c\j k_ fi`\j Zf^e`k`m\j \k Zfdgfi$ k\d\ekXc\j C` ^\ [Xej c\j cfZXlo [ËFde`dlk 1 Il\ EXkXc`j# +. 9 Æ +')' C` ^\

555

( j XeZ\ `ekif[lZk`m\ flm\ik\ ~ kflj

)(&'0 [\ (0_*' ~ )( _

, j\jj`fej \e ^iflg\j dXo% (, g\ij%

C\j dXi[`j [\ (0_*' ~ )( _ ',&('# ()&('# (0&('# )-&('# '0&((

)(

@EJ:I@GK@FEJ <K GCLJ ; @E=FID8K@FEJ =iX`j [ `ejZi`gk`fe gfli c\j - j XeZ\j \k c\ g_fe\ ZfXZ_`e^ ]XZlckXk`] 1

*' ö gfli c\j d\dYi\j [\ GXik\eXdlk

-, ö gfli c\j efe d\dYi\j :fekXZk\q c\ j\im`Z\ Gifdfk`fe JXek [\j DlklXc`k j C`Yi\j Xl ')&../ 0* +* fl gXi \$dX`c m`X cËX[i\jj\ kXYXZjkfg7dcfq%Y\ fl Zfejlck\q \k `ejZi`m\q$mflj \e c`^e\ nnn%dcfq%Y\&jkfgkXYXZ%

)(

Mflj i\Z\m\q [\j `e[\de`k j gfli `eZXg

EËflYc`\q gXj [\ eflj i\emfp\i mfki\ Xkk\jkX

555

½ ; jfc \# dX[Xd\# Z\k Xik`Zc\ eË\jk gXj jfc[ % ¾ EX[`X X Z_f`j` le m $ k\d\ek [\ cX eflm\cc\ Zfcc\Zk`fe% DXc^i c\j [`o d`elk\j [ËXkk\ek\# \cc\ gi ] i\ e\ gXj gXp\i \k hl`kk\ cX Yflk`hl\ [ l\% ?\li\lj\d\ek# `c eËp X gXj kifg [\ dfe[\ [Xej c\ jlg\idXiZ_ % 8l iXpfe [\j Y`jZl`kj# \cc\ Zif`j\ le ^Xi fe hl` i\jj\dYc\ c ^ i\d\ek ~ J YXjk`\e% ½ :Ë\jk g\lk$ ki\ ~ cl` hl\ i\jj\dYc\ E`ZfcXj% ¾ <cc\ eËX aXdX`j ml c\ ]i i\ [\ jfe ZfdgX^efe% <cc\ j\ cË`dX^`e\ Zf`eZ # \e Zfjkld\% ½ C\ gif]\jj\li% ¾ J YXjk`\e cl` XmX`k [ Zi`k jfe ]i i\ Xm\Z Y\XlZflg [\ k\e[i\jj\% ½ @c X kflaflij mflcl Y`\e ]X`i\ gfli e\ gXj `ehl` k\i c\j gXi\ekj% GXj Zfdd\ df` ¿ Gif]\jj\li [\ cXk`e HlË`cj \e jfek Ô \ij% J YXjk`\e gXic\ [\ jfe g i\ Xl gi j\ek# dXc^i c\ [ Z j% <k gXj X`[ gXi cX eX$ kli\# Xm\Z ~ ;\gl`j kflk g\k`k# `c X [\j [`]Ô Zlck j efid\j ~ jË\ogi`$ d\i% Jfe m`jX^\ \jk Yflii [\ k`Zj% DX`j `c e\ j\ cX`jj\ gXj [ dfek\i% @c k`\ek Yfe% KË`dX^`e\j dX jligi`j\# cl` hl` jX`k gXj ]X`i\ le [`jZflij [\ kif`j g_iXj\j# `c [\m`\ek gif]\jj\li A\ cË`dX^`eX`j gclk k Ô e`i [Xej le Zf`e [\ Y`Yc`fk_ hl\% DX`j efe% <k c~# `c i\eZfeki\ DXi`\$8jki`[% Le\ g\k`k jfli`j Z_XidXek\# kflk Zfdd\ `c ]Xlk# Xm\Z c\ glcc Yc\l$dXi`e\ \k c\ Zfcc`\i [\ g\ic\j% ¾ DX`j DXi`\$8jki`[ XmX`k Ô e` gXi gi ] i\i c\ Y\Xl gif]\jj\li [\ ^pd$ eXjk`hl\% <k [\gl`j# E`ZfcXj kX`k Yi`j % Gclj dfp\e [\ d\kki\ c\j g`\[j ~ cË Zfc\% @dgfjj`Yc\ [\ ]X`i\ i g k\i c\j [ Zc`eX`jfej% @dg\e$ jXYc\ cË`[ \ [ËX]]ifek\i c\ i\^Xi[ [Ële c m\ [\mXek jfe [\mf`i Zfii`^ % E`ZfcXj \jk \e [ gi\jj`fe% Jli cX dlkl\cc\% KfdY \e `eZXgXZ`k [\ kiXmX`c% DX`j Y`\ek k# \e mXZXeZ\j%

))

EX[`X Xii`m\ [Xej cX Ô c\ [\ cX ZX`jj\ *% ½ ; jfc # Xgi j df` ZË\jk ]\i$ d ¾ cl` \ogc`hl\ c\ g\ej`fee [\mXek \cc\% <cc\ j\ [ gcXZ\ ~ cX ZX`jj\ /% Jfe k c g_fe\ jfee\% ½ EX[`X 6 :Ë\jk :cXl[`e\% ;`j# a\ jl`j \dY k \%

k Xdl e \ k GXi \em\iiX ek \ j mfl k`hl\d e X k d X `f Xlkf Xkk\jk \j \ mfki mXZXeZ gj% [\ k\d c\j j e [X

))

8 e [Ë m`k\i c\j dXlmX`j\j jligi`j\j \e Ô e [ËXe$ 8Ô e \# i\eki\q cËXkk\jkXk`fe [\ mXZXeZ\j# \emfp \ e gXi GXik\eXdlk%

gXZ`k [\ kiXmX`c fl `emXc`[`k 6

Xk`fe [\ mXZXeZ\j C\j g\ijfee\j \e `eZXgXZ`k i\ f`m\ek [\ c\li dlklXc`k le ]fi$ dlcX`i\ Xgg\c ½ Xkk\jkXk`fe [\ mXZXeZ\j ¾ hlË\cc\j [f`m\ek ]X`i\ i\dgc`i gXi c\li \dgcfp\li% :\cl`$Z` p efk\ c\j aflij [\ Zfe^ hl\ c\ jXcXi` eËX gXj gl gi\e[i\ ~ ZXlj\ [\ jfe `eZXgXZ`k [\ kiXmX`c%

Eflj jfdd\j Xcc \j gifd\e\i Xm\Z c\j Ô cc\j# \k `c p XmX`k [\j Z_`fkj ~ [fee\i Xl gXiZ% ¾ GXlj\ `ek\iif^Xk`m\% ½ CfcX \e X kflk [\ jl`k\ gi`j le [Xej c\j YiXj \k cËX YXgk`j GXgp% A\ cl` X` [`k [\ c\ i\d\kki\ [Xej cX Yf k\# dX`j kl cX ZfeeX`j# gXj dfp\e [\ cX ]X`i\ Z_Xe^\i [ËXm`j% AËXmX`j ;Xe` jli c\ m\eki\# a\ e\ gflmX`j gXj Yfl^\i ]XZ`c\d\ek% ¾ GXlj\ `ehl` k\% ½ Fe X Ô e` gXi i\eki\i% ¾ F_ efe% GXj le Z_`\e% Le Xe`dXc hlË`c ]Xlk eflii`i# ]X`i\ mXZZ`e\i# [i\j$ j\i# ^ife[\i# e\kkfp\i% <k j` ;Xe` \jk Xcc\i^`hl\ 6 M`mi\ ~ hlXki\ [Xej cËXggXik\d\ek 8_ efe# Z`eh Efe# efe# EFE% ½ <k `c \jk f # dX`ek\eXek# Z\ Z_`\e 6 ¾

Gflihlf` [f`j$a\ Zfddle`hl\i Z\j aflij [\ Zfe^ ~ cX dlklXc`k 6 GXiZ\ hlËle d d\ afli e\ g\lk gXj ki\ gXp [\lo ]f`j 1

GXi cË\dgcfp\li! gfli le afli [\ Zfe^

GXi cX dlklXc`k gfli le\ `e[\de`k [Ë`eZXgXZ`k [\ kiXmX`c C\j aflij [\ Zfe^ j jfek [feZ gXp j gXi cË\dgcfp\li!# \k mflj e\ i\Z\m\q gXj [Ë`e[\de`k j gfli Z\j aflij$c~%

C\j \dgcfp j e\ g\lm\ek gXj Z_f`j`i hlXe[ Xii`m\ Z\kk\ g i`f[\ f

c\j `e[\de`k j e\ jfek gXj gXp \j 1 \cc\ X c`\l XlkfdXk`hl\d\ek Xl df`j [\ [ Z\dYi\%

C\j flmi`\ij g\lm\ek Z_f`j`i hlXe[ jËXggc`hl\ cX g i`f[\ 1 `cj [f`$

m\ek c\ d\ek`fee\i jli cX ]\l`cc\ [\ mXZXeZ\j% J` XlZle Z_f`o eËX k ]X`k# cX g i`f[\ X XlkfdXk`hl\d\ek c`\l Xl df`j [\ [ Z\dYi\% ! fl cX ZX`jj\ [\ mXZXeZ\j

½ ;Xej cX Zl`j`e\# e\ kË`ehl` k\ gXj# aËX` kflk gifk ^ % ¾ J` j`# aljk\d\ek# \cc\ jË`ehl` k\ EX[`X% :cXl[`e\ \jjX`\ ½ Kl jX`j# a\ g\lo c\ gi\e[i\ Z_\q df` Z\ jf`i \k c\ iXd\e\i Xl gXiZ [\dX`e% ¾ ½ <k hlË\jk$Z\ hlËfe [`iX ~ CfcX 6 ¾ [\dXe[\ j Z_\d\ek EX[`X% ½ Hl\ a\ cËX` iXd\e gfli hlË`c gl`jj\ m`mi\ [Xej le\ ^iXe[\ dX`jfe# Xm\Z le aXi[`e% ¾ EX[`X j\ iX[flZ`k le g\l% :cXl[`e\ ]X`k Z\ hlË\cc\ g\lk% ½ Fb# fe m\iiX hlXe[ aËXii`m\% 8 kflk ~ cË_\li\% ¾

Hl\ j\ gXjj\$k$`c j` a\ e\ Zfddle`hl\ gXj d\j aflij [\ Zfe^ ~ cX dlklXc`k 6 :fdd\ cX dlklXc`k e\ jX`k gXj j` c\j aflij [\ Zfe^ fek k gXp j gXi c \dgcfp\li# [ f]Ô Z\ \cc\ e\ gX`\iX gXj )+ aflij [ `e[\de`k j Xl df`j [\ [ Z\dYi\% Gfli \e jXmf`i gclj 1

Gfli mfki\ \dgcfp\li# c\ efdYi\ [\ aflij [\ Zfe^ \jk ZXcZlc \e ]feZ$

k`fe [l efdYi\ [\ aflij f mflj Xm\q kiXmX`cc cËXee \ gi Z [\ek\%

CX gi\d` i\ Xee \ [Ë`eZXgXZ`k Zfdgk\ Xljj` gfli cËfZkif` [l g $

Zlc\ [\ mXZXeZ\j :Ë\jk Z\ hlËfe Xgg\cc\ c\j ½ aflij Xjj`d`c j ¾% Mflj i\Z\m\q [feZ le g Zlc\ [\ mXZXeZ\j aljhlË~ [\lo Xej Xgi j c\ [ Ylk [\ cË`eZXgXZ`k [\ kiXmX`c%

555 )*

:\j [`jgfj`k`fej j Xggc`hl\ek ^Xc\d\ek Xlo ]\dd\j \e Zfe^ [\ dXk\ie`k % GXi Zfeki\# \cc\j e\ ZfeZ\ie\ek gXj c\j kiXmX`cc\lij [l j\Zk\li glYc`Z \k c\j `e[ g\e[Xekj%

J` mfki\ ZXj \jk jg Z`Ô hl\# eË_ j`k\q gXj ~ mflj i\e[i\ ~ c le [\ efj ^l`Z_\kj `e[\de`k 1 EFJ G<ID8E<E:<J @E;<DE@KyJ

Cle[`

DXi[`

D\iZi\[`

A\l[`

M\e[i\[`

/_'' $ ()_'' (*_*' $ (-_*' &

/_'' $ ()_'' & /_*'$()_*' 0_ $ ()_*'

/_'' $ ()_'' & &

/_'' $ ()_'' & & 0_ $ ()_*'

/_'' $ ()_'' 0_'' $ ()_'' &

/_*' $ ()_*' (*_*' $ (-_''

/_*' $ ()_*' (*_*' $ (-_''

/_*' $ ()_*' (*_*' $ (-_''

/_*' $ ()_*' (*_*' $ (-_''

/_*' $ ()_'' &

.('' CX Cflm` i\ $ Il\ >ljkXm\ 9f c ),

& &

/_*' $ ()_*' (*_*' $ (-_''

& &

/_*' $ ()_*' (*_*' $ (-_''

& &

.*0' HlXi\^efe $ Il\ [\ Dfejm`cc\ ()'

0_'' $ ()_*'

&

&

0_'' $ ()_*'

&

(''' 9oc :\eki\ $ 9flc\mXi[ 8ejgXZ_ ( (+/' :cXY\Zh $ Il\ JX`ek$A\Xe 0 ,''' EXdli $ 8m\el\ 8cY\ik (\i 0, -''' :_Xic\if` $ 9[ K`ifl (*' .''' Dfej $ 9[% JX`eZk\c\kk\ .*&.,

)*

Le g\l [\ k\dgj ~ [fee\i 6 ;\m\e\q mfcfekX`i\ CË8jjfZ`Xk`fe gfli c\ MfcfekXi`Xk \jk le\ fi^Xe`jXk`fe [\ gifdfk`fe \k [\ Zffi[`eXk`fe [l mfcfekXi`Xk% <cc\ \jk i\Zfeel\ gXi cX :fddl$ eXlk ]iXe X`j\ \k cX I ^`fe nXccfee\% C\j :\eki\j [\ MfcfekXi`Xk fek gfli d`jj`fe gi`eZ`gXc\ [\ ]XZ`c`k\i# Xl e`m\Xl cfZXc# cËXZZ j Xl mfcfekXi`Xk \e Zfejk`klXek c\ c`\e \eki\ c\j Xjjf$ Z`Xk`fej [\ cX i ^`fe hl` i\Z_\iZ_\ek [\j mfcfekX`i\j \k c\j g\ijfee\j jfl_X`kXek jË`em\jk`i [Xej le mfcfekXi`Xk ~ ZXiXZk i\ jfZ`Xc fl Z`kfp\e%

555

:Xifc`e\ dfek\ m`^fli\lj\d\ek c\j dXiZ_\j m\ij cËXggXik\d\ek [\ EX[`X% <cc\ eËX gclj c\ [flYc\ [\j Zc j [\gl`j hl\ EX[`X X gXjj \j ~ J YXjk`\e% <cc\ \jk Y`\e Zfek\ek\ hl\ Z\j [\lo c~ j\ jf`\ek kiflm j% J YXjk`\e eË\jk gXj jfe kpg\ [Ë_fdd\# kifg cXjk`hl\# kifg ZXflk$ Z_flZ% <cc\ gi ] i\ c\j Zfigj [lij# \e dXiYi\ [\ ]X X[\% DX`j `c ]Xlk i\ZfeeX ki\ hlË`cj ]fid\ek le afc` Zflgc\%

C\j ZXe[`[Xkj mfcfekX`i\j jfek i\ lj [Xej Z\j Z\eki\j# jli i\e[\q$ mflj% ;\j gifgfj`k`fej [Ë\e^X^\d\ek c\li jfek gi j\ek \j [Xej [\j [fdX`e\j Xljj` [`m\ij hl\ cË Zfc\ [\j [\mf`ij# cËXcg_XY k`jXk`fe# cË`e$ j\ik`fe jfZ`Xc\# cËX`[\ Xlo g\ijfee\j ^ \j fl _Xe[`ZXg \j# c\j g\k`kj kiXmXlo dXel\cj# c\j ZXlj\j _ldXe`kX`i\j# \kZ%

9fe# X cËX fYc`^ \ ~ [\dXe[\i ~ Dd\ C\\dXej [ flmi`i% <k Z\j [\lo c~ e\ jËXggi Z`\ek gXj gclj cf`e hl\ c\ gXj [\ cX gfik\% @c p X c\j ^\ej Zfdd\ :Xifc`e\# gfik j Xl mfcfekXi`Xk% <k gl`j `c p X Z\lo Zfdd\ Dd\ C\\dXej gfik j Xl j` Y`\e Z_\q jf`% HlXek ~ Dfej`\li C\\dXej# :Xif$ c`e\ \e `^efi\ cË\o`jk\eZ\% :Ë\jk eXkli\c# `cj eË mfcl\ek gXj [Xej cX d d\ [`d\ej`fe g_pj`hl\%

:\j gifgfj`k`fej k`\ee\ek Y`\e j i Zfdgk\ [\j jfl_X`kj# [`jgfe`Y`c`$ k j# \og i`\eZ\j \k Zfdg k\eZ\j [\j ZXe[`[Xkj% EfdYi\ [Ë\eki\ \lo fek X`ej` gl d\kki\ le g\l [\ c\li k\dgj ~ [`jgfj`k`fe [\j Xlki\j kflk \e \ei`Z_`jjXek c\li gifgi\ m`\ ~ cX i\eZfeki\ \k Xl ZfekXZk [\ Z\lo hlË`cj X`[\ek [Ële\ ]X fe fl [Ële\ Xlki\%

:Xifc`e\ Xkk\`ek c\ gXc`\i [\ EX[`X% ½ K`\ej# c\ mf`j`e \jk c~% ¾ <cc\ jfee\ \e ]XZ\% CfcX cl` flmi\ cX gfik\# le g\k`k Z_`\e [Xej c\j YiXj% ½ Kl mf`j GXg`# ZË\jk :Xifc`e\# cËXd`\ [\ dXdXe% ¾ :cXl[`e\ Xii`m\ ½ CfcX A\ kËX` [\dXe[ [\ cX`jj\i GXgp [Xej cX Zl`j`e\% 8_# Yfeafli :Xifc`e\% A\ e\ jXmX`j gXj hl\ kl ZfdgkX`j m\e`i% ¾

Le Zflg [\ Ô c# le i\e[\q$mflj kflk Zfem`m`Xc ¿ GXj ZifpXYc\ Zfdd\ gfli g\l c\ hlfk`[`\e g\lk [\m\e`i gclj X^i XYc\ \eZfi\ Xl Ô c [\ efl$ m\cc\j XZk`m`k j \k [\ eflm\cc\j i\eZfeki\j <em`\ [\ [fee\i le g\l [\ mfki\ k\dgj 1 nnn%mfcfekXi`Xk%Y\ k c% 1 ')&)(0 ,* .'

:cXl[`e\ \k :Xifc`e\# ~ gXik cX gi\d` i\ c\kki\ \k cX i`d\ [\ c\lij gi $ efdj# e\ jfe^\ek gXj Xmf`i ^iXe[$Z_fj\ \e Zfddle% JXl] EX[`X% :Ë\jk g\lk ki\ cËfi`^`e\ [\ c\li dXcX`j\% :_XZle\ \jk`d\ ki\ `e[`j$ g\ejXYc\ ~ c\li Xd`\# \k jË`ek\iif^\ jli hl` cË\jk c\ gclj% JË\ejl`m\ek [\j iXggfikj Zfi[`Xlo \k jfli`Xekj# gil[\ekj Zfdd\ [Xej le Z_Xdg [\ Z_Xi[fej%

)+

)+

½ A\ dËfZZlg\ [l gf`jjfe \k [\j gcXek\j g\e[Xek cËXYj\eZ\ [\j Ô cc\j% ¾ \ogc`hl\ cX eflm\cc\ Xii`m \% ½ <k [\ GXg` ¾ Zi`\ CfcX [\ cX Zl`$ j`e\% ½ DX`j gXj Y\jf`e# aË_XY`k\ aljk\ \e YXj Kl eËXj gXj ~ k\ [ iXe$ ^\i% ¾ :cXl[`e\ j\ [`i`^\ m\ij cX Z_XdYi\ \k :Xifc`e\ m\ij cX Zl`j`e\% ½ DXdXe jX`k hl\ kl Xj le g\k`k Z_`\e 6 ¾ ½ :Ë\jk le\ jligi`j\ ¾

C\ ZÅli ~ cË_fee\li c\ )- j\gk\dYi\ )'(' Fe \ek\e[ le ^ifj Yil`k [Xej cX Z_XdYi\% :Xifc`e\ p i\af`ek :cXl[`e\ \k [\dXe[\ ½ A\ g\lo kËX`[\i 6 ¾ ½ Fl`# gfli EX[`X% Fe mX d\kki\ j\j X]]X`$ i\j [Xej cX mXc`j\ \e d kXc% ¾ ½ Gflihlf` 6 ¾ ½ GXiZ\ hlË\cc\j j\ifek d`\lo gifk ^ \j hl\ [Xej Z\ jXZ% ¾ ½ :\ e\ j\iX`k gXj ~ EX[`X [\ [ Z`[\i 6 ¾ ½ <cc\ eËX gXj c\ k\dgj% <k gl`j \cc\ X flYc` [\j m k\d\ekj% Kflk\j Z\j g\k`k\j ifY\j [Ë k @c g\lk kflk Xljj` Y`\e gc\lmf`i kflk c\ j afli% A\ mX`j cl` Xaflk\i [\ Yfej ^ifj glccj% ¾ :cXl[`e\ jËXjj`\[ kflk ~ Zflg% ½ :X mX 6 Kl Xj [\j gifYc d\j [Ë_pg\ik\ej`fe 6 ¾ [\dXe[\ :Xifc`e\# hl` jX`k hl\ :cXl[`e\ X [\j gifYc d\j [\ jXek # dX`j gXj c\jhl\cj% ½ :X mX gXjj\i ¾ jflg`i\ :cXl[`e\% ½ CX`jj\$df` [\lo j\Zfe[\j% ¾ ½ <k X# ZË\jk c\j X]]X`i\j [\ CfcX 6 ¾ dfeki\ :Xifc`e\% ½ Fl`# \cc\ X ]X`k jX mXc`j\ kflk\ j\lc\% ¾ :Ë\jk le\ g\k`k\ mXc`j\ \e k`jjl# Xm\Z le m`\lo d`Zb\p aflXek Xl pfpf% :Xifc`e\ \jk gi`j\ [Ële [flk\% <cc\ ^c`jj\ cX k`$ i\kk\ [\ jX dX`e ^XlZ_\% ;Xej cX mXc`j\ j\ kiflm\ kflk Z\ [fek CfcX X Y\jf`e% ;\j [fl[flj \k [\j g\k`k\j Zlcfkk\j% ;\j afl\kj% ;\j g\k`kj alj% ;\j ZiXpfej [\ Zflc\li% ;\j Y`jZl`kj% <e [\_fij [\j gXhl\kj% Kflj d cXe^ j# gi\jj j# ZiXj j% ½ CfcX I\^Xi[\ Z\ hl\ kl Xj ]X`k ¾ GXj [\ i gfej\ [\ cX Zl`j`e\% ½ 9fe# aË\dd e\ kflk X [Xej c\ jXcfe% ¾ :Xifc`e\ m`[\ cX mXc`j\kk\ ~ d d\ cX kXYc\# Xm\Z cË`ek\ek`fe [\ kflk i Xd eX^\i%

GXj Y\jf`e [\ mflj gi Z`j\i hl\ efki\ ZÅli eflj \jk m`kXc% @c gfdg\¿ `c gfdg\¿ `c gfdg\ jXej i\c Z_\ gfli eflj g\id\kki\ [\ Yfl^\i# [\ g\ej\i# Yi\]# [\ m`mi\% <e mf`c~ le hl` d i`k\ Y`\e hlËfe cl` ZfejXZi\ Xl df`ej le\ aflie \ :_Xhl\ Xee \# cX = [ iXk`fe dfe[`Xc\ [l :Åli fi^Xe`j\ cX Aflie \ dfe[`Xc\ [l ZÅli# \e gXik\eXi`Xk Xm\Z cËFDJ Fi^Xe`jXk`fe Dfe$ [`Xc\ [\ cX JXek % C\ Ylk \jk [\ j\ej`Y`c`j\i cX gfglcXk`fe Xlo gi`e$ Z`gXlo ]XZk\lij [\ i`jhl\ [\j dXcX[`\j ZXi[`fmXjZlcX`i\j X`ej` hl\ c\j dfp\ej [\ c\j ZfdYXkki\ efkXdd\ek \e ]X`jXek gclj [ \o\iZ`Z\j g_pj`hl\j \k \e jlim\`ccXek jfe gf`[j % <e 9\c^`hl\# c\j dXcX[`\j ZXi[`fmXjZlcX`i\j jfek i\jgfejXYc\j [\ gclj [l k`\ij [\j [ Z j Xeel\cj% Gfli gclj [Ë`e]fj# m`j`k\q c\ j`k\ [\ cX C`^l\ :Xi[`fcf^`hl\ 9\c^\ nnn%c`^l\ZXi[`fcf^`hl\%Y\%

8mXekX^\j [\ GXik\eXdlk dXcX[`\j ZXi[`f$mXjZlcX`i\j 1

i\dYflij\d\ek [l k`Zb\k df[ iXk\li aljhl ~ (' ö# [\lo ]f`j gXi Xe gfli le\ ZfejlckXk`fe fl le \oXd\e ZXi[`f$mXj$ ZlcX`i\ gi m\ek`]

i\dYflij\d\ek aljhl ~ )' ö ~ c XZ_Xk [\ 9\Z\c gif$XZk`m

555 ),

LE >L@;< GFLI GIyM<E@I CË?PG<IK<EJ@FE C\j DlklXc`k j C`Yi\j Xggfik\ek Xljj` c\li g`\ii\ ~ cË [`Ô Z\ Xm\Z c\li YifZ_li\ ]iX Z_\d\ek [`k \ ½ CË_pg\ik\ej`fe 1 [fdg$ k\q$cX ¾% <e \]]\k# cË_pg\ik\ej`fe Xik i`\cc\ g\lk X]]\Zk\i c\j Xik i\j \k \ekiX e\i [\j dXcX[`\j ZXi[`fmXjZlcX`i\j k\cc\j hl\ cËXZZ`[\ek mXjZlcX`i\ Z i YiXc fl cË`e]XiZklj [l dpfZXi[\% <cc\ \jk# \e flki\# Zfej`[ i \ Zfdd\ le\ dXcX[`\ ½ j`c\eZ`\lj\ ¾ gl`jhl\ cË_pg\ik\e[l e\ j\ j\ek gXj dXcX[\% 8cfij# d\kk\q kflk\j c\j Z_XeZ\j [\ mfki\ Z k gfli m`k\i c\j g` ^\j k\e[lj gXi le df[\ [\ m`\ `eX[Xgk 1 Zfejlck\q efki\ YifZ_li\ \k kiflm\q$p [\ gi Z`\lo Zfej\`cj Mflj gflm\q cËfYk\e`i \e Zi`mXek ~ gifdfk`fejXek\7gXik\eXdlk%Y\

),

:_lk\i# ZË\jk i`jhl\i [\ j\ Yc\jj\i% CX Z_lk\ \jk c\ kpg\ [ËXZ$ Z`[\ek [fd\jk`hl\ c\ gclj ]i hl\ek ~ gXik`i [\ -' Xej% :\cc\$Z` \jk c` \ jf`k ~ [\j ]XZk\lij [\ i`jhl\j _ldX`ej# ZË\jk$~$[`i\ ~ cX g\ijfee\ \cc\$d d\# jf`k ~ [\j ]XZk\lij \oki`ej hl\j# ~ jXmf`i i\cXk`]j ~ cË\em`ifee\d\ek [\ cX g\ijfee\% C\j ]XZk\lij `eki`ej hl\j C\ m`\`cc`jj\d\ek [\j [`]] i\ek\j ]feZk`fej \jk# \e cl`$d d\# le ]XZ$ k\li gi [`jgfjXek Xlo Z_lk\j 1 [`d`elk`fe [\ cX ml\# [\ cX gifgi`f$ Z\gk`fe i\g i\j jgXk`Xlo# Zfe[lZk`fe e\im\lj\ # [\j dljZc\j ]fiZ\# hl`c`Yi\ # [l k\dgj [\ i XZk`fe# \kZ% CËXl^d\ekXk`fe [\ dXcX[`\j Z_ife`hl\j k\cc\j hl\ cX dXcX[`\ [\ GXi$ b`ejfe# cX dXcX[`\ [Ë8cq_\`d\i# c\j [ d\eZ\j# c\j ZXkXiXZk\j# c\j kifl$ Yc\j [\ cX gfjkli\ jfek ^Xc\d\ek ~ gi\e[i\ \e Zfdgk\% <eÔ e# cX gi`j\ [\ efdYi\lo d [`ZXd\ekj Xl^d\ek\ j`^e`Ô ZXk`m\d\ek c\ i`jhl\ [\ Z_lk\ \e gifmfhlXek [\j _pgfk\ej`fej# [\j YX`jj\j [\ cX m`^`cXeZ\# [\j kiflYc\j m`jl\cj# \kZ% C\ Zfigj d [`ZXc# \k jg Z`Xc\d\ek mfki\ d [\Z`e kiX`kXek# gfliifek mflj X`[\i ~ [`d`el\i Z\ kpg\ [\ i`jhl\j% C\j ]XZk\lij [`kj \oki`ej hl\j jfek hlXek ~ \lo c` j ~ cË\em`ifee\d\ek Hl` [Ë\eki\ mflj eËX gXj [ a~ ]X`cc` kfdY\i \e jfikXek [\ cX YX`^ef`i\# \e j\ gi\eXek c\j g`\[j [Xej c\ kXg`j# \e ki YlZ_Xek [Xej c\ Ô c [l k $ c g_fe\ fl \eZfi\ \e \dgilekXek c\j \jZXc`\ij 6 C\j c`\lo [l [fd`Z`c\ f c\ i`jhl\ [\ Z_lk\ \jk c\ gclj c\m jfek Z\lo f cËfe j aflie\ cfe^k\dgj \k f cËfe gXjj\ jflm\ek 1 cX Zl`j`e\# c\ jXcfe# c\j Zflcf`ij# ¿ dX`j Xljj` c\j c`\lo gi j\ekXek c\ gclj [\ [Xe^\ij k\cj hl\ cX jXcc\ [\ YX`ej# cX Zl`j`e\# c\j \jZXc`\ij% <eÔ e# c\j c`\lo [`kj ½ k\iiX`ej ~ i`jhl\j ¾ Zfdd\ c\ aXi[`e# cËXZZ j \ok i`\li# cX Zfli# c\j dXiZ_\j# \kZ% Le [fd`Z`c\ Y`\e kl[` # gl`j fi^Xe`j \k Xd eX^ Zfii\Zk\d\ek Zfejk`kl\ le ]XZk\li \jj\ek`\c gfli [`d`el\i c\ i`jhl\ [\ kfdY\i \k [\ j\ Yc\jj\i% ;\j Zfej\`cj [Ë\og\ikj g\lm\ek [feZ ki\ gi Z`\lo% CË\i$ ^fk_ iXg\lk\ \jk le gif]\jj`fee\c [\ cX jXek hl` X gfli jg Z`Ô Z`k [Ë mXcl\i cX g\ijfee\ [\ dXe` i\ ^cfYXc\# Z\ hl` gXjj\ gXi cË kl[\ [\ jfe \em`ifee\d\ek `dd [`Xk% ;\dXe[\q c\j Zfej\`cj [ le \i^fk_ iXg\lk\ GXik\eXdlk mflj gifgfj\ c\ j\im`Z\ ½ 8d eX^\d\ek [l ;fd`Z`c\ ¾ Zfdgfj [Ë\i^fk_ iXg\lk\j jg Z`Xc`j j [Xej c\ Zfej\`c \e X[XgkX$ k`fe% GXi le\ m`j`k\ ~ mfki\ [fd`Z`c\# cË\i^fk_ iXg\lk\ kl[`\iX \k XeX$ cpj\iX Xm\Z mflj mfki\ _XY`kXk`fe \e p i\c\mXek c\j fYjkXZc\j \k i`j$ hl\j m\ekl\cj% @c mflj gifgfj\iX \ejl`k\ [`m\ij\j jfclk`fej XÔ e [\ Zfekflie\i# mf`i\ jlggi`d\i# Z\j fYjkXZc\j \k X`ej` j Zli`j\i Xl dXo`$ dld mfki\ _XY`kXk% >i Z\ ~ jX ]fidXk`fe d [`ZXc\ \k j\j ZfeeX`jjXe$ Z\j \e dXk i`\c X[Xgk # `c \jk cX g\ijfee\ [\ Z_f`o% )-

555

:Xifc`e\ \ek\e[ le g\k`k Yil`k [l Z k [l gXiZ [\ ;Xe`% <cc\ a\kk\ le Zflg [ËÅ`c iXg`[\ 1 c\ Y Y X k i\dgcXZ gXi c\ Z_`fk% ½ CfcX F \j$ kl 6 F \jk ;Xe` 6 ¾ ½ ;Xej cX jXcc\ [\ YX`e ¾ ;Xej cX jXcc\ [\ YX`e 1 ½ CfcX# kl jX`j Y`\e hl\ kl \j kifg g\k`k\ gfli gfik\i ;Xe`% 8cc\q i\gi\e[ c\ Z_`\e% A\ dËfZZlg\ [\ kX jÅli% ¾ CfcX \jk g\igc\o\% ?Xljj\ c\j gXlc\j \k jË\e mX# c\ Z_`fk k k\ ~ cË\em\ij jflj c\ YiXj% ½ M`\ej GXg`# a\ mX`j k\ dfeki\i Zfdd\ek fe Xccld\ cX k c $ m`j`fe% ¾ :cXl[`e\ jËX]]X`i\ [Xej cX Z_XdYi\% Flmi\ c\j Xidf`i\j [\ EX[`X# ~ cX i\Z_\iZ_\ [\ m k\d\ekj Z_Xl[j% Kiflm\ [\j m k\d\ekj [Ë_fdd\% ½ 8_X% @c X `ejkXcc j\j X]]X`i\j%%% ¾ <cc\ Xg\i f`k [\j glccj [\ii` i\ cX g`c\ [\ k$j_`ikj [Ë_fdd\ \k cXeZ\ c\ YiXj [Xej c\ ]fe[ [\ cËXidf`i\% CX g`c\ jË\]]fe[i\% :cXl[`e\ jflg`i\ \k j\ YX`jj\ \e gi\eXek Y`\e jf`e [\ gc`\i c\j aXdY\j % Le gXhl\k [\ Z`^Xi\kk\ jË Z_Xgg\% <cc\ c\j `ejg\Zk\ 1 \cc\j jfek m`\`cc\j# kXjj \j% Le gXhl\k flYc` % <cc\ \ek\e[ [\j gXj hl` j\ iXggifZ_\ek \k [`jj`dlc\ jX kiflmX`cc\ [Xej c\ jXZ [\ ;Xe`% ½ :cXl[`e\# a\ e\ kiflm\ gclj c\j cXe^\j [\ ;Xe` [Xej cX jXcc\ [\ YX`e% Kl jX`j f `cj jfek 6 ¾ ½ 8_ Fl`# fe X kiflm hl\ Z\ j\iX`k gclj giXk`hl\ [Xej c\ gcXZXi[ [\ cË\eki \% ¾ :Xifc`e\ i\gXik# ;Xe` [Xej c\j YiXj# kflk\ ~ jfe X`j\ Xm\Z j\j g\k`k\j ]\jj\j ~ cËX`i% ;\ i\kfli [Xej cX jXcc\ [\ YX`ej# :Xifc`e\ jfli`k Xl$[\jjlj [l m`jX^\ [\ ;Xe`# kflk\ fZZlg \ ~ `ejg\Zk\i cX Yf k\ [\ Zfkfej% ½ Mf`c~# kl \j Z_Xe^ \% Hl\ kl \j afc`\ ¾ CX g` Z\ \jk g\k`k\ dX`j Y`\e Xd eX^ \# kXg`jj \ [\ g\k`kj jXZj [\ iXe^\d\ek Zfcfi j% :Xifc`e\ Xg\i f`k c\j ZiXpfej [\ dXhl`ccX^\ \k [ Z`[\ [\ [\jj`e\i le\ c`^e\ jflj c\j p\lo% <cc\ Z_\iZ_\ le m\ik% KfdY\ jli le cfe^ klY\ YcXeZ# Xm\Z le\ ]\e ki\ \k [\lo g\k`k\j YXii\j ifj\j ]lZ_j`X% <jk$Z\ hl\ ZË\jk Y`\e Z\ hlË\cc\ Zif`k 6 ½ F_ cXcX# EX[`X ¿ ¾ )-

:fdd\ek [\dXe[\i c\ Zfej\`c [ le \i^fk_ iXg\lk\ 6

;Xej c\ jXcfe# `c Zfdd\eZ\ ~ ]X`i\ gclj Z_Xl[% C\ jfc\`c Y`\e _Xlk XkkX$ hl\ cX YX`\ m`ki \ [\ ]XZ\% :Xifc`e\ [ gfj\ ;Xe` [Xej jfe gXiZ% ½ CfcX# kl m\lo dË\ogc`hl\i gfli 9ilZ\ 6 ¾ ½ GXj dX`ek\eXek% ¾ :Xifc`e\ \k :cXl[`e\ j\ ]fek ]XZ\ jXej jXmf`i hlf` [`i\% EX[`X [\miX`k Xii`m\i [Ële\ d`elk\ ~ cËXlki\% :Xifc`e\ Xg\i f`k c\j Z\e[i`\ij iXe^ j [Xej cX kXYc\ [l jXcfe% ½ :Ë\jk Y`\e hlË`cj e\ ]ld\ek gclj e` cËle e` cËXlki\# efe 6 ¾ ½ Ddd% ¾ i gfe[ :cXl[`e\# hl` g\ej\ Xl gXhl\k [\ Z`^Xi\kk\# \k ZX$ Z_\ c\ j\Zi\k [\ jfe Xd`\% C\ dXcX`j\ g\i[li\% :cXl[`e\ XkkiXg\ le ZX[i\ g_fkf% ½ <cc\j ]fid\ek le Y\Xl ki`f% <k Xm\Z J YXjk`\e# Y`\ek k le\ ]Xd`cc\% ¾ ½ JX`j gXj% ¾ dlidli\ :Xifc`e\# hl` g\ej\ Xl k\jk [\ ^ifjj\jj\# ZXZ_\ c\ j\Zi\k [\ jfe Xd`\%

:\ j\im`Z\ \jk ^iXkl`k% Gfli cX i ^`fe nXccfee\ 1 ]fid\q c\ '.(&).* 0/' \k [\$ dXe[\q c\ j\im`Z\ Xd eX^\d\ek [l [fd`Z`c\% :\eki\ @e[ g\e[Xek [Ë8`[\ JfZ`Xc\ :@8J 9flc\mXi[ AXZhl\j 9\ikiXe[# +/$,' -''' :_Xic\if` `e]f7Z`Xj$in%Y\ Gfli cX i ^`fe Yilo\ccf`j\ 1 ]fid\q c\ ')&+)' ,+ ,.

8J9C Jf`ej :_\q Jf` 8m\el\ NXejXik () Yk\ (' ((/' 9ilo\cc\j `e]f7jf`ej%Z_\q%jf`%jbpe\k%Y\

;\dXe[\q ^Xc\d\e k efj YifZ `e]f7Z`Xj _li\j gXi $in%Y\ # ef dX`c lj mflj cX ^iXkl`k\d ] \ifej gXim \ek gXi Zf \e`i lii`\i% 9ifZ_li\j [`jgfe`Yc\ j 1 $ ½ GXi gfl i m`k\i c\j Z _lk\j ¾ $ ½ 8`[\i \e kflk\ j Zl i` k ¾ $ ½ I\jk\i Z _\q jf` Xm\ Z cX dXcX[`\ [Ë8cq_\`d\ i ¾

<cc\j j\ c m\ek \e [lf% ½ AËX` flYc` [\ cl` gi gXi\i le `dg\id XYc\% ¾ ½ A\ mX`j ]X`i\ [l k_ % ¾ :Xifc`e\ Xii`m\ [Xej cX Zl`j`e\ \k Xccld\ cX Yfl`ccf`i\% <cc\ \ek\e[ le Yil`k jfli[ [Xej cX Z_XdYi\% <cc\ \ek\e[ CfcX _lic\i ½ 8 cËX`[\ :Xif$ c`````e\ ¾ HlXe[ \cc\ Xii`m\ jli c\j c`\lo# :cXl[`e\ \jk k\e[l\ ~ d d\ c\ jfc# le g`\[ Zf`eZ [Xej cË\jZXY\Xl% Ml jX k k\# \cc\ X ]X`k le\ Y\cc\ Z_lk\% =Xlk$`c cX jflc\m\i 6 555 ).

).

C<J GI<D@<IJ J<:FLIJ J8LM<EK ;<J M@<J ?LD8@E<J

Le Xd` j\ ]X`k le\ Yc\jjli\ Y Xek\ cfij [ le\ Zflij\ ~ m cf# mfki\ \e]Xek X XZZ`[\ek\cc\d\ek XmXc le\ jlYjkXeZ\ kfo`hl\# le gXjjXek [Xej cX il\ X Yiljhl\d\ek le\ XkkXhl\% ;Xej [\ k\cj `ejkXekj# le j\$ Zfli`jk\ \jk le ZX[\Xl [l Z`\c% 8^`i m`k\ g\id\k [ m`k\i hl\ cX j`klXk`fe e\ j X^^iXm\% C\j kif`j gi\$ d` i\j d`elk\j hl` jl`m\ek le\ j`klXk`fe [ li^\eZ\ jfek \e \]]\k jfl$ m\ek [ k\id`eXek\j gfli c\j Z_XeZ\j [\ jlim`\ [\ cX m`Zk`d\% Kflk c\ dfe[\ [\miX`k [feZ ki\ ]Xd`c`Xi`j Xm\Z c\j il[`d\ekj [\j gi\d`\ij j\Zflij% Hl\chl\j g\k`kj ^\jk\j j`dgc\j g\lm\ek [ a~ ]X`i\ le\ ^iXe[\ [`]] i\eZ\% Mf`Z` hl\chl\j Zfej\`cj [\ cX :if`o$Ifl^\ gfli i X^`i Zfdd\ `c ]Xlk [Xej le\ j`klXk`fe [ li^\eZ\%

CX j Zli`k [ XYfi[

555

Fe jfee\ ~ cX gfik\% ½ CfcX# cX`jj\ :cXl[`e\% MX mf`i hl` ZË\jk% ¾ :Xifc`e\ j\ d\k ~ ^\eflo jli cX dfhl\kk\% ½ :cXl[`e\# kl dË\ek\e[j 6 ¾ :cXl[`e\ flmi\ j\j p\lo m\ikj%

E Xcc\q gXj kifg m`k\ \e Y\jf^e\% <mXcl\q [ XYfi[ cX j`klXk`fe ^cfYXc\ XmXek [ X[d`e`jki\i c\j gi\d`\ij j\Zflij%

<jjXp\q [\ Zfdgi\e[i\ Z\ hl` \jk Xii`m \k hl\cj jfek c\j [Xe^\ij

gfli mflj$d d\# cX m`Zk`d\ \k c\j g\ijfee\j gi j\ek\j%

M\`cc\q kflk [ XYfi[ ~ cX j Zli`k 1 gcXZ\i le ki`Xe^c\ \e ZXj [ XZZ`$

[\ek [\ mf`kli\# X i\i le \jgXZ\ cfijhl\ [\j ^Xq fl [\j ]ld \j kfo`hl\j jfek c`Y i j%

Le\ fdYi\ Xii`m\# le Zfigj [Ë_fdd\ hl` gXjj\ [\mXek :Xifc`e\% ½ 9feafli% ¾ Le\ ^ifjj\ mf`o ^iXm\% @c jËX^\efl`cc\% ½ Mflj gflm\q i\j$ g`i\i 6 ¾ :cXl[`e\ i gfe[ jX^\d\ek ½ fl`% ¾ ½ Mflj gflm\q Yfl^\i 6 ¾ ½ Fl`# dX`j aËX` jXZi d\ek dXc Xlo ]\jj\j ¾ CfcX i`k [\ii` i\ :Xifc`e\% ½ A\ mX`j [ ^X^\i mfki\ g`\[ 6 Mf`c~% DX`ek\eXek fe mX mf`i j` mflj gfl$ m\q mflj Xjj\f`i% 8kk\ek`fe# iflc\q [ËXYfi[ jli c\ Z k % C\j Zfl[\j% Mf`c~# ZË\jk Y`\e% ¾

M i`Ô \q j` cX g\ijfee\ \jk ZfejZ`\ek\ \k j` \cc\ i\jg`i\

:feki c\q j` cX m`Zk`d\ \jk ZfejZ`\ek\% =X`k\j$c\ \e gfjXek [\j hl\j$

k`fej j`dgc\j ~ _Xlk\ mf`o# k\cc\j hl\ ½ :fdd\ek mflj Xgg\c\q$ mflj 6 ¾ fl ½ 8m\q$mflj dXc 6 ¾% J\Zfl\q gil[\dd\ek cX m`Zk`d\ gXi c gXlc\% J` mflj e fYk\e\q XlZle\ i XZk`fe# \cc\ \jk `eZfejZ`\ek\%

8ccfe^\q cX m`Zk`d\ jli c\ [fj \k [ ^X^\q c\j mf`\j i\jg`iXkf`i\j \e

]X`jXek YXjZlc\i cX k k\ \k \e jflc\mXek c\ d\ekfe% =X`k\j$c\ \e gcX$ Xek le\ dX`e jli c\ ]ifek [\ cX m`Zk`d\ \k \e \o\i Xek le\ c ^ i\ gi\jj`fe XjZ\e[Xek\ Xm\Z c `e[\o \k c\ dXa\li [\ c Xlki\ dX`e# XÔ e hl\ cX k k\ YXjZlc\ c ^ i\d\ek \k hl\ cX i\jg`iXk`fe jf`k c`Y i \% E\ ]\id\q \e XlZle ZXj cX YflZ_\ [\ cX m`Zk`d\%

:feki c\q \ejl`k\ jX i\jg`iXk`fe gXi c\ i\^Xi[# cËfl \ \k c\ kflZ_\i g\e$

[Xek (' j\Zfe[\j dXo`dld% I\^Xi[\q j` cX ZX^\ k_fiXZ`hl\ Yfl^\%

½ G]]# hl\cc\ `[`fk\% AËX` mflcl i\d\kki\ c\ jXZ \e _Xlk [\ cËXidf`i\% ¾ :cXl[`e\ jfli`k Y\ef`k\d\ek% :Xifc`e\ c\ cl` i\e[% <eki\ ]\dd\j jli$ XZk`m\j# fe j\ Zfdgi\e[% :Xifc`e\ ~ cË`eZfeel 1 ½ Mflj k\j hl`# \e ]X`k 6 ¾ ½ AË_XY`k\ \e ]XZ\% ¾ 8_ c\ mf`j`e% ½ AËX` \ek\e[l Zi`\i \k a\ jl`j Xii`m % ¾ F_ `c jË`ek i\jj\ Xlo Xlki\j% <eÔ e# `c eËX gXj cËX`i iXm` [Ë ki\ c~% ½ 9fe# Y\e ZË\jk ^\ek`c [ËXmf`i Xjjli c\j gi\d`\ij j\Zflij% :X mX Xcc\i dX`ek\eXek% ¾ ½ A\ [f`j ki\ j i hl\ kflk mX Y`\e% Mflj gflm\q mflj c\m\i 6 ¾ @c gi\e[ c\ YiXj [\ :cXl[`e\% 8m\Z le\ \oki d\ [flZ\li gfli j\j ^iXe[\j dX`ej# i\dXihl\ :Xifc`e\% Le\ ]f`j :cXl[`e\ [\Yflk ½ Mflj k\j kfd$ Y \ f 6 Jli cX k k\ 6 ¾ ½ Efe# aljk\ jli c\ [\ii` i\% ¾ ½ Mflj [\mi`\q i\jk\i kiXehl`cc\ le\ g\k`k\ _\li\% <k j` aXdX`j mflj Xm\q [\j m\ik`$ ^\j# Xcc\q ~ cË_ g`kXc% Fe e\ jX`k aXdX`j hl\c Z_fZ mflj Xm\q \eZX`jj % ¾ ½ ;ËXZZfi[# a\ mX`j dËXccfe^\i% Kflk gfli e\ gXj i\kflie\i ~ cË_ g`kXc% ¾ <cc\ gfj\ j\j Zl`jj\j jli cX Zfl\kk\ m\ik\ \k jË k\e[%

Gi m\e\q c\j j\Zflij :\cX gXiX k m`[\ek# dX`j Z\ e \jk jflm\ek gXj c\ ZXj% Hl` Xgg\cc\ 6 Hl` i\jk\ gi j [\ cX m`Zk`d\ 6 Hl\c eld if Xgg\c\i 6 J` mflj jXm\q X[d`e`jki\i c\j gi\d`\ij j\Zflij# i\jk\q gi j [\ cX m`Z$ k`d\ \k [\dXe[\q ~ le\ g\ijfee\ gi j\ek\ [ Xm\ik`i c\j j\im`Z\j [\ j\Zflij% Mflj k\j kflk j\lc 6 Gi m\e\q Xcfij mflj$d d\ c\j j\Zflij e Z\jjX`i\j%

(() 1 c\ eld if [\ k c g_fe\ Z\ekiXc gfli c\j j\Zflij [Xej kflk\ c <lifg\% Kflj c\j j\Zflij jfek fi^Xe`j j ~ gXik`i [\ Z\kk\ Z\ekiXc\ 1 gfc`Z\# gfdg`\ij%

'.'&)+, )+, 1 c\ Z\eki\ 8ek`$Gf`jfej

C\ mf`j`e [`k ~ :Xifc`e\ 1 ½ Mflj eË k\j gXj dX mf`j`e\% ¾ :Ë\jk [\ cË_l$ dfli fl `c j\ i m\`cc\ 6 ½ Efe# a\ jl`j le\ Xd`\% Eflj cËXkk\e[fej# \cc\ )/

+

C<J yK8G<J ;<J GI<D@<IJ J<:FLIJ :fddle`hl\q 1

Z\ hl` j \jk gXjj \k hl\cj jfek c\j [Xe^\ij 2

c \e[if`k f c XZZ`[\ek X \l c`\l \k f cX m`Zk`d\ j\ kiflm\ gi Z`j d\ek 2

hl` \jk cX m`Zk`d\ \k [Xej hl\c kXk \cc\ \jk%

)/

C\j gi\d`\ij j\Zflij j\ [ iflc\ek kflaflij j\cfe cX d d\ XggifZ_\# hl\cc\ hl\ jf`k cX j`klXk`fe% (% M\`cc\q ~ mfki\ gifgi\ j Zli`k # Z\cc\ [\ cX m`Zk`d\ \k [\j g\ijfee\j gi j\ek\j% )% <mXcl\q c kXk [\ cX m`Zk`d\% *% Gi m\e\q c\j j\Zflij% +% :fek`el\q ~ X[d`e`jki\i c\j gi\d`\ij j\Zflij \e Xk$ k\e[Xek c\j j\Zflij%

Hl\ Zfek`\ek cX kifljj\ [\ gi\d`\i j\Zflij 6 F hl\ mflj jfp\q# ~ c Zfc\# \e mXZXeZ\j# ~ cX dX`jfe fl Xl kiXmX`c 1 m\`cc\q ~ kflaflij Xmf`i le\ kifljj\ [\ gi\d`\i j\Zflij ~ gfik \ [\ dX`e% C\ (* j\gk\dYi\ )'(' j\iX Z c Yi \ cX Aflie \ dfe[`Xc\ [\j gi\$ d`\ij j\Zflij% ;liXek Z\kk\ aflie \# c\j gi\d`\ij j\Zflij jfek d`j ~ c _fee\li gXikflk [Xej c\ dfe[\% ;\j fi^Xe`jXk`fej Zfdd\ cX :if`o$Ifl^\ m\lc\ek X`ej` `eZ`k\i le dXo`dld [\ g\ijfee\j ~ Xg$ gi\e[i\ c\j ^\jk\j [\ gi\d`\i j\Zflij# ZXi e\ cX`jjfej gXj c\ [flk\ j `ejkXcc\i 1 gflmf`i X[d`e`jki\i c\j gi\d`\ij j\Zflij \e ZXj [ li$ ^\eZ\ i\m k le\ `dgfikXeZ\ m`kXc\

e\ mX gXj kXi[\i% ¾ :Xifc`e\ cl` X i gfe[l [Xej c\j p\lo% Le i\^Xi[ hlË\cc\ eËX gXj i ljj` ~ XkkiXg\i% ½ Fb a\ mflj cX`jj\ Xcfij% ¾ @c j\ [`i`^\ m\ij cX gfik\% :Xifc`e\ Ô o\ jX elhl\% DljZc \% ;Xej c\ Zflcf`i# CfcX Ycfhl\ cË\eki \% ½ Gflihlf` kl e\ [`j aXdX`j Yfe$ afli 6 ¾ C\ mf`j`e jËXii k\ e\k% CX [XkXYXj\ [\ jfe Z\im\Xl e\ gfjj [\ gXj [\ i gfej\ ~ Z\kk\ hl\jk`fe% @c \jk Ycfhl # `ek\icfhl # cfZb\[% ½ :Ë\jk gXiZ\ hl\ kl \j d Z_Xek 6 ¾ Fl_ cX# fe ]i`j\ cËXeelcXk`fe [\j gif^iXdd\j# c\ i\j\k kfkXc% :Xifc`e\ dXiZ_\ Xl j\Zflij [l Y\Xl mf`$ j`e% ½ DX`j efe CfcX# Z\ eË\jk gXj gXiZ\ hl\ Dfej`\li \jk d Z_Xek% ;ËX`cc\lij `c mX m\e`i dËX`[\i ~ gi gXi\i c\ i\gXj% EË\jk Z\ gXj Dfe$ j`\li¿ 6 ¾ =XZ\ ~ Z\kk\ hl\jk`fe c d\ekX`i\# cX cld` i\ i\m`\ek [Xej cËÅ`c [\ cË_fdd\% ½ CXli\ek% ¾ @c dËX [`k jfe gi efd ½ A\ i\^i\kk\ aËX` hl\chl\ Z_fj\ ~ Ô e`i% ¾ ½ F_ dX`j kflk c\ dfe[\ [f`k Y`\e dXe^\i% 8cc\q# a\ mX`j mflj ]X`i\ [\j g k\j Xm\Z dX jXlZ\ jg Z`Xc\% Mflj m\ii\q# ZË\jk m`k\ ]X`k% Mflj Xcc\q mflj i ^Xc\i% ¾ <cc\ cË\ekiX e\ m\ij cX Zl`j`e\% AËX` XkkiXg jfe Zfl[\ Cl` k\e[ le kXYc`\i% ½ :Ë\jk Z\cl` [\ J YXj$ k`\e# `c mflj `iX% ¾ J YXjk`\e 6 :Ë\jk hl` Z\cl`$c~ 6 Kflk Z\ hl` `dgfik\ ~ CXli\ek ZË\jk [\ i\kflie\i Z_\q cl`# k\id`e\i c\ e`m\Xl [\ a\l gfli i\af`e[i\ cX qfe\ f j m`k K_\ M`ilj K\iifi% <k cËX]]ifek\i \e [l\c% Le [l\c d dfiXYc\# hl` i\jk\iX [Xej c\j XeeXc\j# [fek c\ i Z`k ]\iX c\ kfli [l dfe[\ \k j\iX cl gXi c\j ^ e iXk`fej gi j\ek\j \k ]lkli\j [Ë`ek\ieXlk\j% :fdd\ Z\kk\ g\k`k\ Ô cc\ kiXe^\ Xm\Z j\j hl\jk`fej g\ikliYXek\j%

<cc\ Zfek`\ek `dg iXk`m\d\ek 1

[\j gXej\d\ekj Zfdd\ [\j jgXiX[iXgj# [\j Zfdgi\jj\j# [\j

gXej\d\ekj [flYc\ g\Xl# [\ c flXk\# [\j gXej\d\ekj Zfdgi\j$ j`]j# [\j YXe[\j [\ ^Xq\# [\j YXe[\j cXjk`hl\j%

[l [ j`e]\ZkXek

[l dXk i`\c [\ gi\d`\i j\Zflij Zfdd\ [\j ^Xekj a\kXYc\j# le

k_\idfd ki\# le\ g`eZ\# [\j Z`j\Xlo ~ gXej\d\ekj# [\j X`^l`cc\j jk i`c\j# [\j g`e^c\j ~ eflii`Z\# [\j jXZj \e gcXjk`hl\# [\j Zflm\i$ kli\j `jfcXek\j# le Zffc gXZb [Xej c\ jli^ cXk\li%

[\j d [`ZXd\ekj Zfeki\ cX Zfejk`gXk`fe# cX [`Xii_ \# c\j [flc\lij

[ \jkfdXZ# cX [flc\li# c\j g`h i\j [ `ej\Zk\# c\j ZfliYXkli\j# c\j \e$ kfij\j# c\j Zflgj [\ jfc\`c%

Jl`m\q mflj$d d\ le\ ]fidXk`fe [\ ^\jk\j [\ gi\d`\ij j\Zflij Mflj e\ mflc\q gXj ki\ [ gfliml \e ZXj [\ j`klXk`fe [ li^\eZ\ \k mflj mflc\q jXmf`i Zfdd\ek i X^`i 6 8cfij `ejZi`m\q$mflj [ j hl\ gfjj`Yc\ ~ le\ ]fidXk`fe [\ ^\jk\j [\ gi\d`\ij j\Zflij% CX :if`o$Ifl^\ [\ 9\c^`hl\ fi^Xe`j\ i ^lc` i\d\ek [\j ]fidXk`fej ~ [`]] i\ekj \e[if`kj% C f]]i\ \jk ki j cXi^\ \k Zfdgi\e[ [\j Zflij gfli kflj c\j ^\j \k kflj c\j ^iflg\j Z`Yc\j 1 X[lck\j# \e]Xekj# \eki\gi`j\j# fi^Xe`jXk`fej# \ej\`^eXekj \k Z_\]j jZflkj% Jli]\q jli nnn%Zif`o$ifl^\%Y\ gfli gclj [ `e]fidXk`fej% Mflj gflm\q mflj X[i\jj\i Xlgi j [Ële\ DX`jfe :if`o$Ifl^\ gi j [\ Z_\q mflj# c\j Zffi[fee \j jfek [`jgfe`Yc\j jli c\ j`k\ [\ cX :if`o$Ifl^\% GXik\eXdlk mflj i\dYflij\ )' ö [Xej c\ Zf k [\ cX ]fidXk`fe 1 `c jl]Ô k [\ ]X`i\ i\dgc`i efki\ ]fidlcX`i\ [`jgfe`Yc\ jli nnn%gXik\eXdlk%Y\ ;\dXe[\ [\ [fZld\ekj&J\Zfli`jd\ \k [Xej mfki\ X^\eZ\%

Fl gXj%

)0

,

C<J :FDD8E;<D<EKJ ;L J<:FLI@JK< (% >Xi[\q mfki\ ZXcd\% )% 8ggfik\q le jflk`\e gjpZ_fcf^`hl\% *% <m`k\q c\j i`jhl\j [\ ZfekXd`eXk`fe% +% M\`cc\q Xl Zfe]fik [\ cX m`Zk`d\% ,% K\e\q Zfdgk\ [\j Zfej hl\eZ\j jli mfj dfk`fej%

)0

J < : E 8 : 8 M

< ;

J 9 AF Gfli efj gclj ^iXe[j \e]Xekj# cX Ă&#x201D; e [\ cĂ&#x2039;XeeÂ&#x201E;\ jZfcX`i\ i`d\ jflm\ek Xm\Z le afY [\ mXZXeZ\j% <k gfli Z\lo hl` k\id`$ e\ek c\lij Â&#x201E;kl[\j# ZĂ&#x2039;\jk cX gcfe^Â&#x201E;\ [Xej c\ dfe[\ [l kiXmX`c \k c\j `eÂ&#x201E;m`kXYc\j ]fidXc`kÂ&#x201E;j hl` p jfek c`Â&#x201E;\j% Hl\cc\j jfek c\j [Â&#x201E;dXiZ_\j ~ \eki\gi\e[i\# c\j g`Â&#x2026;^\j ~ Â&#x201E;m`k\i# fl c\j XjklZ\j ~ jl`mi\# hl\cj jfek c\j [if`kj \k fYc`^Xk`fej [\ Z_XZle# hl\cj jfek c\j `dgXZkj Ă&#x201D; eXeZ`\ij 6 Kflk\j Z\j hl\jk`fej kiflm\ek le\ iÂ&#x201E;gfej\ [Â&#x201E;kX`ccÂ&#x201E;\ jli c\ j`k\ nnn%gXik\eX%Y\# ilYi`hl\ Â&#x201E;kl[`Xek%

555

CfcX [Â&#x201E;Yflc\ [Xej cX Zl`j`e\% ½ :Xifc`e\# fe g\lk gXj dXe^\i [Xej c\ jXcfe# `c p X gc\`e [\ Z_fj\j jli cX kXYc\% ž :Xifc`e\ X flYc`Â&#x201E; [\ iXe^\i cX mXc`j\kk\% :X ZĂ&#x2039;\jk hlXe[ fe ]X`k gcl$ j`\lij Z_fj\j ~ cX ]f`jÂż ½ :Ă&#x2039;\jk gXj ^iXm\# Y`Z_\kk\# fe mX dXe^\i [Xej cX Zl`j`e\% ž <cc\ jĂ&#x2039;fZZlg\iX [\ iXe^\i XgiÂ&#x2026;j% CfcX X`d\ Y`\e hl\ :Xifc`e\ cĂ&#x2039;Xgg\cc\ Y`Z_\kk\# \cc\ X cĂ&#x2039;`dgi\jj`fe [Ă&#x2039;Â&#x2020;ki\ le\ ^iXe[\# Zfdd\ [Xej cX Z_Xejfe [\ JÂ&#x201E;YXjk`\e c\ dXk`e ½ 9`$ Z_\# dX Y`Z_\# cfijhl\ kl jflc`^e\j# Xl ZiXpfe ef`i k\j afc`j q`\loÂż ž C\ mf`j`e X cĂ&#x2039;X`i `[`fk [Xej c\ kXYc`\i [\ JÂ&#x201E;YXjk`\e% ½ Mflj jXm\q# a\ eĂ&#x2039;p ZfeeX`j i`\e \e Zl`j`e\% CX j\lc\ ]f`j fÂ&#x201C; a X` Zl`j`eÂ&#x201E;# Z Â&#x201E;kX`k cfij [ le afY [\ mXZXeZ\j# [Xej le g\k`k i\jkf `kXc`\e% A\ ]\iX`j d`\lo [\ mflj cX`jj\i# a\ mX`j kflk ^ Z_\i% ž ½ KXkXkX# mflj jXm\q Y`\e Zflg\i [\j f`^efej# efe 6 E\ mflj `ehl`Â&#x201E;k\q gXj# mflj gflm\q gc\li\i [\mXek df`% ž :Xifc`e\ ^cfljj\ \k jfli`k [\j p\lo% CfcX j\ [\dXe[\ gflihlf` \cc\ \jk kflk\ [`]]Â&#x201E;i\ek\ dX`ek\eXek% <cc\ ]X`k [\j g\k`kj Yil`kj Zfdd\ cX Yfl`ccf`i\ \e gcXjk`hl\ XmXek hl\ c\ Yflkfe jXlk\% ½ CfcX# mX mf`i j` :cXl[`e\ m\lk dXe^\i Xm\Z eflj% ž CfcX gi\e[ GXg`# jfik [\ cX Zl`j`e\# gXjj\ cX dX`e jli cX Zfddf[\ [\ cĂ&#x2039;\ekiÂ&#x201E;\# Xkk\`ek cX gfik\ [\ cX Z_XdYi\ [\ DXdXe% Jli c\ c`k# :cXl[`e\ [fik% Gfli Â&#x2020;ki\ jÂ&#x201D;i\# CfcX gfj\ GXg` \k gXjj\ jX dX`e gclj`\lij ]f`j Xl$[\jjlj [\ cX kÂ&#x2020;k\ [\ :cXl[`e\% GXj [\ dflm\d\ek% CfcX j\ cX`jj\ Zflc\i ~ k\ii\ \k afl\ Xm\Z cX cXe`Â&#x2026;i\ [l jXZ [\ ;Xe`# hl\ c\ Z_`\e Â&#x201E;kX`k \e kiX`e [\ dfi[`cc\i% <cc\ Xg\iÂ&#x192;f`k c\ [fl[fl [\ jX jĂ&#x2026;li% @c ]Xlk c\ cl` Xggfik\i kflk [\ jl`k\ <cc\ \dgf`^e\ GXg`# c\ d\k [Xej c\ jXZ \k k`i\ jli c\j gf`^eÂ&#x201E;\j# ZĂ&#x2039;\jk gclj ]XZ`c\%

*'

'pSDUW UpXVVL SDUFRXUV JDJQDQW *'

Kflk Z\ hl\ mflj [\m\q jXmf`i jli c\j afYj [ Â&#x201E;kl[`Xekj fl jli le gi\d`\i \dgcf` j\ kiflm\ jli nnn%gXik\eX%Y\ ilYi`hl\ Â&#x201E;kl[`Xek

J

MF@:@ ;yAÁ

) <O<DGC<J @EKyI<JJ8EKJ 1

(% <e kiXmX`ccXek# c kl[`Xek \jk$`c kflaflij Ô jZXc\d\ek ~ Z_Xi^\ [\ j\j gXi\ekj 6 J` c kl[`Xek ]X`k gXik`\ [l d eX^\ [\ j\j gXi\ekj# `c [\d\li\ Ô j$ ZXc\d\ek ~ c\li Z_Xi^\ gfli XlkXek hl\ j\j i\m\elj Xeel\cj e\ [ gXjj\ek gXj 1

)%/*' ö e\kj `dgfjXYc\j gfli c\j i\m\elj )'(' dfekXek `[\ek`$ hl\ gfli c\j i\m\elj )''0 cfijhl `c \jk ~ Z_Xi^\ [ le d eX^\ 2

+%'/' ö e\kj `dgfjXYc\j gfli c\j i\m\elj )'(' dfekXek `[\ek`hl\ gfli c\j i\m\elj )''0 cfijhl `c \jk ~ Z_Xi^\ [Ële Zfeki`YlXYc\ `jfc %

*% ; [l`i\ [\ Z\ i\m\el Yilk `dgfjXYc\ ½ i [l`k ¾ )' ~ k`ki\ [\ ]iX`j# Xm\Z le d`e`dld [\ *0' ö gfli c\j i\m\elj )'(' dfekXek `[\ek`$ hl\ gfli c\j i\m\elj )''0 % Fe fYk`\ek c\ i\m\el e\k `dgfjXYc\ 2 +% :fdgXi\q c\ i\m\el e\k `dgfjXYc\ Xm\Z cËle [\j gcX]fe[j d\ek`fe$ e j Z`$[\jjlj 2 ,% J` c\ i\m\el e\k `dgfjXYc\ e\ [ gXjj\ gXj Z\ gcX]fe[# c kl[`Xek i\jk\ Ô jZXc\d\ek ~ Z_Xi^\ [\j j\j gXi\ekj% <o\dgc\ j` ~ Z_Xi^\ ;liXek cËXee \ )'('# c kl[`Xek g\i f`k 1

)%''' ö Yilkj gfli le\ fZZlgXk`fe [\ )* aflij Xl df`j [ËXf k 2

)%,'' ö Yilkj gfli le\ fZZlgXk`fe [\ )* aflij \e fZkfYi\ \k efm\dYi\% I\jk\$`c Ô jZXc\d\ek ~ Z_Xi^\ [\ j\j gXi\ekj 6

;Xej c\ jXcfe# \cc\ ^i`dg\ jli c\ ]Xlk\l`c# _`jj\ jfe ]Xi[\Xl# i\k`i\ c\ Z_`fk# d\k le g`\[ [Xej c\ gXiZ [\ ;Xe`# kiXej] i\ c\ jXZ% ½ Mf`c~ ;Xe`# a\ kËX` Xggfik kfe ;fl[fl% ¾ ;Xe` eËX gXj cËX`i `ek i\jj \ [l kflk% ; l\# CfcX [ Z`[\ [ËXcc\i mf`i ~ cX Zl`j`e\ j` \cc\ g\lk Xmf`i le alj [ËfiXe^\% CX g` Z\ \jk i\dgc`\ [\ mXg\li \k [Ëf[\lij [\ m`Xe[\ ^i`cc \% C\ mf`j`e X le\ ZXe\kk\ ~ cX dX`e% :Xifc`e\ \jk Xjj`j\ jli c\ kXYfli\k \k kflie\ [`jkiX`k\d\ek le\ ^iXe[\ Zl`cc i\ \e Yf`j [Xej le\ ZXjj\ifc\% ½ ¿ \k ZË\jk c~ hl\ a\ cl` X` [`k ½ Efe# Dfej`\li# a\ [ Z`[\% <k Z\ j\iX Xlafli[Ë_l`% <k [\gl`j a\ eËX` gclj aXdX`j \l [\ gifYc d\ ¾ C\ mf`j`e X cËX`i gfc`d\ek gXk % ½ A\ g\lo Xmf`i le alj [ËfiXe^\ 6 ¾ [\dXe[\ CfcX% ½ 9`\e j i Y`Z_\k$ k\% ¾ :Xifc`e\ flmi\ c\ ]i`^f% ½ DX`j a\ e\ mflj X` gXj [\dXe[ Z\ hl\ mflj ]X`k\j% ¾ Z_Xekfee\ :Xifc`e\% C\ mf`j`e Ô e`k jX ^fi^ \% ½ A\ jl`j ZfdgkXYc\% ¾ CfcX g\ej\ hl\ c\ mf`j`e iXZfek\ [\j ZXiXY`jkfl`cc\j% Le ZfdgkXYc\# Z \jk le Xd` [\ J YXjk`\e hl` jX`k kflk gXiZ\ hl\ J YXjk`\e [`k kfl$ aflij ½ a\ m\iiX` Xm\Z dfe ZfdgkXYc\ ¾% :Ë\jk gXj le mf`j`e hl` [`jZlk\ Xm\Z :Xifc`e\# [Xej cX Zl`j`e\ [\ DXdXe# \k cX i\^Xi[\ [Ële X`i d $ Ô Xek# Zfdd\ j` \cc\ XmX`k d`j [l alj [ËfiXe^\ gXikflk jli jX ifY\%

555 *(

Gfli [ k\id`e\i j` c\j i\m\elj e\kj `dgfjXYc\j [\ c kl[`Xek e\ [ gXjj\ek gXj Z\j gcX]fe[j \k [feZ j `c i\jk\ Ô jZXc\d\ek ~ Z_Xi$ ^\ [\ j\j gXi\ekj # `c ]Xlk gifZ [\i Zfdd\ jl`k 1 (% ; [l`i\ [\ cX i dle iXk`fe Yilk\ c\j i\k\el\j jfZ`Xc\j ZË\jk$~$[`i\ c\j Zfk`jXk`fej fi[`eX`i\j ^Xc\j ~ (*#'. fl cX Zfk`jXk`fe [\ jfc`[X$ i`k ^Xc\ ~ +#, fl ~ )#, % Fe fYk`\ek le i\m\el Yilk `dgfjXYc\ 2 )% Á Zfe[`k`fe hl\ c kl[`Xek jf`k fZZlg [Xej c\j c`\ej [Ële ZfekiXk [Ë kl[`Xek# [ [l`i\ [\ Z\ i\m\el Yilk `dgfjXYc\ le\ gi\d` i\ kiXeZ_\ [\ i\m\el [\ )%*-' ö gfli c\j i\m\elj )'(' dfekXek `[\ek`hl\ gfli c\j i\m\elj )''0 % Fe fYk`\ek le i\m\el Yilk `d$ gfjXYc\ ½ i [l`k ¾ 2

I\m\el Yilk :fk`jXk`fe [\ jfc`[Xi`k )#, \k +#, I\m\el Yilk `dgfjXYc\ I\m\el Yilk `dgfjXYc\ kfkXc I\m\el Yilk `dgfjXYc\ kfkXc ~ e\ gXj gi\e[i\ \e Zfej`[ iXk`fe gfli i\jk\i ~ Z_Xi^\ I\m\el Yilk `dgfjXYc\ ½ i [l`k ¾ DfekXek [\ [ [lZk`fe [\j ]iX`j [\ )' I\m\el e\k `dgfjXYc\ ~ gi\e[i\ \e Zfdgk\

8f k )%''' ö $ ,' ö (%0,' ö

FZk Æ efm )%,'' ö $ (()#,' ö )%*/.#,' ö +%**.#,' ö

$ )%*-' ö

(%0..#,' ö $ *0,#,' ö (%,/)#'' ö

C\ kfkXc [l i\m\el e\k `dgfjXYc\ jË c m\ ~ (%,/) ö \k \jk `e] i`\li ~ )%/*' ö% C kl[`Xek i\jk\ ~ Z_Xi^\ Ô jZXc\d\ek [\ j\j gXi\ekj \e )'('% Le\ Ô Z_\ Ô jZXc\ )/(%(' j\iX [ c`mi \ gXi cË\dgcfp\li%

)% C\j gXi\ekj Zfej\im\ek$`cj c\ [if`k Xlo XccfZXk`fej ]Xd`c`Xc\j 6 <e kflk kXk [\ ZXlj\# c kl[`Xek X [if`k Xlo XccfZXk`fej ]Xd`c`Xc\j aljhlËXl *( Xf k [\ cËXee \ Xl Zflij [\ cXhl\cc\ `c Xkk\`ek cË ^\ [\ (/ Xej% CË\o\iZ`Z\ [Ële\ XZk`m`k clZiXk`m\ eËX [feZ XlZle `dgXZk jli c\ m\i$ j\d\ek [\j XccfZXk`fej ]Xd`c`Xc\j aljhlË~ Z\k ^\% Jflj Z\ikX`e\j Zfe[`k`fej gXi \o\dgc\# gflijl`k\ [Ële \ej\`^e\d\ek [\ gc\`e \o\iZ`Z\ fl \e^X^\d\ek [Xej c\j c`\ej [Ële ZfekiXk [ËXggi\ek`jjX^\ # `c Zfej\im\ jfe [if`k Xlo XccfZXk`fej ]Xd`c`Xc\j aljhlË~ cË ^\ [\ ), Xej% Le\ XZk`m`k clZiXk`m\ c`d`k \ \jk Xlkfi`j \ 1

<e kXek hlË kl[`Xek [Xej cË\ej\`^e\d\ek ~ k\dgj gc\`e# `c g\lk kiX$ mX`cc\i Xl dXo`dld )+' _\li\j gXi ki`d\jki\ g\e[Xek cËXee \ jZfcX`i\ fl XZX[ d`hl\% J `c kiXmX`cc\ gclj [\ )+' _\li\j g\e[Xek le ki`d\jki\# `c g\i[iX c\ [if`k Xlo XccfZXk`fej gfli Z\ ki`d\jki\ \e$ k`\i% C\j i\m\elj eË\eki\ek gXj \e c`^e\ [\ Zfdgk\ gfli c\j XccfZX$ k`fej ]Xd`c`Xc\j [Xej Z\ ZXj$Z`% 8kk\ek`fe 1 J `c g\ej\ hl\ cX c`d`k\ ki`d\jki`\cc\ [\ )+' _\li\j j\iX [ $ gXjj \# gi m\e\q [`i\Zk\d\ek mfki\ ZX`jj\ [ËXccfZXk`fej ]Xd`c`Xc\j 8`ej` mflj m`k\i\q [\j i Zlg iXk`fej [ jX^i XYc\j% 8 cX Ô e [\ Z_Xhl\ ki`$ d\jki\# mfki\ ZX`jj\ [ËXccfZXk`fej ]Xd`c`Xc\j Zfeki c\iX [Ëf]Ô Z\ c\ efdYi\ [Ë_\li\j gi\jk \j m`X cX 9Xehl\ :Xii\]fli [\ cX J Zli`k jfZ`Xc\% J` c kl[`Xek i\gi\e[ c\j Zflij# `c g\lk kiXmX`cc\i jXej c`d`k\ [Ë_\li\j e` [\ i dle iXk`fe g\e[Xek c\j mXZXeZ\j [Ë k al`cc\k# Xf k \k j\gk\dYi\ % GXi Zfeki\# j `c e\ i\gi\e[ gclj c\j Zflij# `c g\lk kiXmX`cc\i Xl dXo`dld )+' _\li\j g\e[Xek kflk c\ kif`j` d\ ki`d\jki\ fZZlgXk`fe [ kl[`Xek \k Xlki\j \e al`cc\k# Xf k \k j\gk\dYi\ % <e ZXj [\ [ gXjj\d\ek# `c g\i[ jfe [if`k Xlo XccfZXk`fej gfli kflk Z\ ki`d\jki\%

:fdd\ Xggi\ek` fl kl[`Xek [Xej cË\ej\`^e\d\ek ~ _fiX`i\ i $ [l`k# c\j i\m\elj e\ g\lm\ek gXj [ gXjj\i +/'#+. ö Yilk gXi df`j [\gl`j c\ '(%'0%)''/ % C\ efdYi\ [Ë_\li\j [\ kiXmX`c eË\eki\ gXj \e c`^e\ [\ Zfdgk\ gfli c\j XccfZXk`fej ]Xd`c`Xc\j [Xej Z\ ZXj$Z`% *(

( C<J KFLIEy<J ; yKy ;< C8 DF9@CF=FID<

EFJ I<E;<Q$M <K ;< C8

MFKI< GC8E ;Ë8:K@FE J8EKy G<IJFEE8C@Jy CX DfY`cF=fid\ \jk le ½ dfY`c_fd\ ¾ hl` gif$ gfj\ le \ej\dYc\ [\ k\jkj \k [\ Zfej\`cj gfli Xd c`fi\i jX ]fid\% CX DfY`cF=fid\ \jk XZZ\jj`Yc\ ^iXkl`k\d\ek ~ kflj efj X]Ô c` j ~ gXik`i [\ (/ Xej% C\j efe$X]Ô c` j g\lm\ek ^Xc\d\ek Y e Ô Z`\i [l j\im`Z\ Df$ Y`cF]fid\ gfli , ö&j XeZ\%

555

EX[`X i\af`ek jX mf`kli\ jli c\ gXib`e^% 8ggXi\dd\ek `cj fi^Xe`j\ek le m e\d\ek 1 [\j ^\ej \eki\ek \k jfik\ek [Ële\ ZXiXmXe\ jli cX$ hl\cc\ \cc\ g\lk c`i\ DfY`cF]fid\% <cc\ iXe^\ c\j Zflij\j [Xej c\ Zf]]i\ gl`j jËXjj`\[ Xl mfcXek% 8mXek [\ [ dXii\i# \cc\ \emf`\ gXi jdj ½ 8cfij 6 ¾ ~ J YXjk`\e% <cc\ [ dXii\% CX i gfej\ Xii`m\% ½ Kflk\j c\j m`ccXj jfek gi`j\j% J` gXj [\ jfclk`fe [Xej (_ a\ i\eki\% ¾

M<E<Q K<JK<I MFKI< =FID< 8LO ;8K<J JL@M8EK<J

Cfij [\j kXg\j [l 9\Xl M cf [\ I8M\C ('&'.

:_Xk\c\k GcXZ\ [l ; m\ijf`i\

'.&'/

Jf`^e`\j GcXZ\ [\ cX >Xi\# il\ [\ cX JkXk`fe

)/&'/

GcfdY` i\j

EX[`X j\ dfi[ cX c mi\ jlg i`\li\% Efe# efe efe¿ =X`k\j hl\ Z\ e\ jf`k gXj miX` 8l dfd\ek f \cc\ YiXhl\ gfli jfik`i [l gXib`e^# le +o+ g\iZlk\ cX mf`kli\ hl` XmX`k iXc\ek` gfli gi\e[i\ jX gcXZ\% <cc\ jfik [\ cË_XY`kXZc\# kflk Zfdd\ c\j [\lo Xlki\j Zfe[lZk\lij% <k jËp i\a\kk\ Xljj`k k% ½ F_ efe# gXj Cl` ¾

Cfij [ le gXjjX^\ [\ cX DfY`cF]fid\ [Xej le Z\eki\ Ô ke\jj gXik\eX`i\ ).&'/

Gifdfjgfik

:_Xljj \ [\ 9ilo\cc\j *)' (*'' NXmi\

)&'0

=`ke\jj CXe[

Il\ QXdXe /. (+*' I\Y\Zh

0&'0

8b`efX N\cce\jj :\ek\i

(-&'0

@jf[pe =`ke\jj :\ek\i

(.&'0

;X M`eZ`

)/&'0

8k_c\k`Z :\ek\i

Il\ JX`ek A\Xe# + -.'' 8icfe

*'&'0

C\ >pdeXj`ld

8m\el\ C fe Afli\q#.0 (+)' 9iX`e\$C 8cc\l[

Il\ [\ c 8ik`jXeXk# (8 (+'' E`m\cc\j 8m\el\ 9lpc# (('8 (',' @o\cc\j

C\j [\lo Zfe[lZk\lij jË\e^l\lc\ek% ½ HlË\jk$Z\ hl\ mflj ]flk`\q 6 Fe eËX gXj `[ \ [\ ]i\`e\i ~ YcfZ Zfdd\ X ¾ ½ F_ Ô Z_\q$df` cX gX`o Xm\Z mfki\ +o+ [\ d\i[\% @c eË\jk d d\ gXj \ekXd % 8cfij hl\ dfe gXi\$Z_fZ \jk Ô Z_l% :fdd\ [Ë_XY`kl[\# ZË\jk kflaflij Xlo d d\j [\ ki`ehl\i% ¾

:_Xljj \ [ ?X\Z_k# ((** ((+' <m\i\

,&('

=`ke\jj D\[`ZXc :\ek\i

8m\el\ ?fl]]Xc`q\# +* -/'' C`YiXdfek

(+&('

M`kXc >pd

Iflk\ [\ DXiZ_\# ,' --'' 9Xjkf^e\

fZkfYi\ !

Gfli ki\ j i\ [\ e\ gXj ki\ i\Zfeel\# \cc\ YX`jj\ c\ gXi\$jfc\`c gl`j ]X`k j\dYcXek [\ Z_\iZ_\i hl\chl\ Z_fj\ [Xej cX Yf k\ ~ ^Xekj% GXj hl\jk`fe [\ [\mf`i \ekXd\i cX Zfem\ijXk`fe Xm\Z c\ g i\ [\ j\j Ô cc\j% GXj dX`ek\eXek%

8b`efX N\cce\jj :\ek\i

JË`cj Zfek`el\ek Zfdd\ X# Z\cX mX gi\e[i\ [\j _\li\j XmXek hlË`cj e\ j`^e\ek c\ ZfejkXk [ËXZZ`[\ek% CX mf`kli\ [\ EX[`X \jk Zf`eZ \ ~ Z k [l +o+% Hl\ ]X`i\ 6 @c mX Y`\e ]Xccf`i X]]ifek\i jfe \o% <cc\ jflg`i\% Jfik [\ cX mf`kli\%

8m\el\ [\j D kXccli^`jk\j# (8 (+0' :flik$Jk$<k`\ee\ *)

! [Xk\ gi Z`j\ Y`\ek k jli c\ j`k\ nnn%dfY`cf]fid\%Y\

@EJ:I@M<Q$MFLJ 1 Jli]\q jli nnn%dfY`cfid\%Y\

:FEJ<@CJ GI8K@HL<J

Cfij [\ mfki\ m`j`k\# m\e\q \e k\el\ [ ZfekiXZk \ Xm\Z [\j

Z_Xljjli\j Zfe]fikXYc\j

E flYc`\q gXj [\ mflj Xc`d\ek\i hl\chl\j _\li\j XmXek [\

gXjj\i c\j k\jkj

*)

0RELO2IRUPH 7HVWH] YRWUH IRUPH

) EFJ GIyJ<E:<J 8LO yK8 =cfi\ee\j c\ )- al`e Dfej c\ * al`cc\k :_Xk\c\k c\ (' al`cc\k FiYX`j c\ (. al`cc\k DXiZ_\$\e$=Xd\ee\ c\ )+ al`cc\k ?Xm\cXe^\ c\ *( al`cc\k Jf`^e`\j c\ . Xf k

MFLJ ;< C yKy I<EKIy<

* I\af`^e\q$eflj ~ cX :`kX[\cc\ [\ EXdli c\j *&+&, j\gk\dYi\ gfli cX , d\ [`k`fe [l ]\jk`mXc [\ Ycl\^iXjj# Z\ck`Z dlj`hl\ XZfljk`hl\% :FE:FLIJ 1 >X^e\q ( [\j \eki \j d`j\j \e a\l \e i gfe[Xek Xlo ) hl\jk`fej 1 H( Hl\c \jk c\ dfekXek d\ejl\c [\ cX Zfk`jXk`fe d eX^\ [\ GXik\eXdlk 6 X 1 ('#., ö $ Y 1 (+ ö $ Z 1 (. ö

½ <oZlj\q$df`# d\jj`\lij% ¾ ½ EX[`X 6 ¾ ½ 8_# Yfeafli DXk_`\l% ;`k\j# `c ]Xlk miX`d\ek hl\ aËp X`cc\% Mflj mflc\q Y`\e XmXeZ\i gfli hl\ a\ jfik\ cX mf`kli\6 ¾ C\ Zfe[lZk\li [\ +o+ eËX gXj cËX`i [\ gflmf`i ki\ XdX$ [fl % CË`[ \ hl\ Z\j [\lo c~ j\ ZfeeX`jj\ek cl` [fee\ cË`dgi\jj`fe [Ë ki\ j\lc ]XZ\ ~ [\lo fggfjXekj% ½ <Zflk\q DX[\df`j\cc\# a\ jl`j [Xej dfe [if`k% ¾ ½ JXej [flk\ Dfej`\li# dX`j a\ jlggfj\ hl\ mflj Xm\q Xljj` i\e[\q$mflj hl\chl\ gXik% <e Yfl^\Xek# mflj Xcc\q gflmf`i c`Y i\i cX il\% ¾ ;\j mf`kli\j Zfdd\eZ\ek ~ jË\eÔ c\i [\ii` i\ cX +o+% ½ AËX` kflk dfe k\dgj% ¾ i gfe[ cË_fdd\% EX[`X j\ek hlË\cc\ i`jhl\ aljk\ [ËX^^iXm\i cX j`klXk`fe \k i\kflie\ jËXjjf`i%

H) :fdY`\e [\ Yfee\j i gfej\j ~ cX hl\jk`fe ( eflj j\ifek gXim\el\j c\ *( al`cc\k ~ )*_''%

<emfp\q mfj i gfej\j jli gXg`\i c`Yi\ ~ 1 GXik\eXdlk :feZflij G`ZE@Z & GifÔ c J\im`Z\ DXib\k`e^ 9flc\mXi[ 8ejgXZ_ ( $ (''' 9ilo\cc\j I ^c\d\ek Zfdgc\k jli nnn%gXik\eXdlk%Y\

Fe m`\ek ]iXgg\i ~ jX ]\e ki\% ½ :Ë\jk mflj EX[`X 6 ¾ ½ Fl`% ¾ ½ A\ jl`j Alc`\% CX eflm\cc\ Zfg`e\ [\ DXk_`\l% ¾ ½ 8_% ¾ EX[`X eËX miX`d\ek XlZle\ \em`\ [\ ]X`i\ cX ZXlj\kk\% J` \cc\ gflmX`k gXjj\i [Xej le\ Xlki\ [`d\ej`fe \e j\ Zf^eXek cX k k\ jli c\ bcXofe [l mfcXek# \cc\ c\ ]\iX`k jXej ZiX`e[i\ [ËXmf`i dXc% DX`j cËXlki\ ^feq\jj\ X cËX`i [Ë`ej`j$ k\i% <e j\iiXek c\j [\ekj# EX[`X jfik le\ eflm\cc\ ]f`j [\ cX mf`kli\% <k gfli ]X`i\ cX Zfem\ijXk`fe# cXeZ\ ½ :Ë\jk ~ mflj cX G\l^\fk 6 ¾ ½ Fl`# dX`j ZË\jk DXk_`\l hl` Zfe[l`jX`k% A\ cl` cX`jj\ i ^c\i kflk X# df` a\ eËp Zfdgi\e[j i`\e% ¾ 8gi j le\ [\d`$_\li\ [\ gXicfkk\j \k e ^fZ`Xk`fej# EX[`X g\lk \eÔ e [ ^X^\i jX mf`kli\% :Ë\jk Xm\Z jflcX^\d\ek hlË\cc\ i\kiflm\ jX il\ \k jX dX`jfe%

555 **

8G<J ;L 9<8L MyCF ;< I8M<C NX`d\j c\ (+ Xf k 8dXp c\ )( Xf k GcfdY` i\j c\ )/ Xf k Cl`e^\ c\ + j\gk\dYi\ K_l`e c\ (( j\gk\dYi\ 9ilo\cc\j c\ (0 j\gk\dYi\

Zc`Z + Aflie \ dfe[`Xc\

[\ gi m\ek`fe [l jl`Z`[\ 1 gi\e\q gcXZ\ jli cX g_fkf <e 9\c^`hl\# \em`ife )%''' g\ijfee\j j\ jl`Z`[\ek Z_Xhl\ Xee \% J` mflj mflc\q Zfeki`Yl\i ~ cX gi m\ek`fe [l jl`Z`[\# i\e[\q$mflj Xl GXiZ [l :`ehlXek\eX`i\ [\ 9ilo\cc\j c\ jXd\[` , j\gk\dYi\ ~ (( _ C\ :\eki\ [\ Gi m\ek`fe [l Jl`Z`[\ jfl_X`k\ \e \]]\k iXj$ j\dYc\i )%''' Y e mfc\j jli le\ g_fkf% :\ Zc`Z_ j\iX \ejl`k\ [`]]lj gXi cX gi\jj\ [Xej c\ ZX[i\ [\ cX Aflie \ dfe[`Xc\ [\ gi m\ek`fe [l jl`Z`[\ [l (' j\gk\dYi\% Mflj mflc\q Xljj` jpdYfc`j\i c\ efdYi\ Xeel\c [\ jl`Z`[\j Xl j\`e [\ efki\ gXpj 6 @ejZi`m\q$mflj jli nnn%gi\m\ek`fejl`Z`[\%Y\ \k i\e[\q$mflj Xl GXiZ [l :`ehlXek\eX`i\ ~ 9ilo\cc\j c\ , j\gk\dYi\ JfliZ\ 1 nnn%gi\m\ek`fejl`Z`[\%Y\

**

Gf`i\Xl :_`Zfe ?Xi`Zfk JXcX[\ KfdXk\ Gfdd\ [\ K\ii\ :fe$ ZfdYi\ :fli$ ^\kk\

<g`eXi[

F`^efe

;Xej cË\jZXc`\i# EX[`X \jZXcX[\ c\j [\ie` i\j dXiZ_\j% Jfik j\j Zc j \k flmi\ cX gfik\% GXjj\ le i\^Xi[ Z`iZlcX`i\ ~ gXik`i [l _Xcc [Ë\eki \% :cXl[`e\ k\e[l\ jli c\ c`k# ifeÕ \% :Xifc`e\ \k c\ mf`j`e [Xej c\ [`mXe# jË\dYiXjj\ek% ;Xe` [Xej jfe gXiZ# afl\ Xm\Z [\j Z`^Xi\kk\j% CfcX gfi$ k\ jX mXc`j\kk\ d`Zb\p# hl` [ Yfi[\ [\ m k\d\ekj \k jË Zi`\ 1 ½ DXdXe# Xkk\ek`fe# GXg` ¾ :Ë\jk hl` X \eZfi\ 6 EX[`X j\ek le Yfc`[\ gXjj\i jflj j\j aXdY\j% ½ F_ cXcX# c\ Z_`\e ¾# `c [ mXc\ c\j \jZXc`\ij%

9ifZfc`

:Xifkk\

:_fl

½ A\ c\ iXd e\% ¾ <cc\ cX`jj\ kfdY\i j\j Zflij\j \ek\e[ le Yil`k [\ m\ii\ ZXjj # jXej [flk\ cX Yflk\`cc\ [\ alj [\ gfdd\ Y`f \k jË cXeZ\ Xm\Z Z\ hl` cl` i\jk\ [Ë e\i^`\ [Xej cË\jZXc`\i \e j\ ^l`[Xek Xm\Z cX YX$ cljkiX[\% GfZ gfZ gfZ# gfZ gfZ gfZ# kif`j ~ kif`j c\j dXiZ_\j [ Ô c\ek% CX cld` i\ jË k\`ek% <cc\ cX iXccld\ Xl + d\% ½ Fl`i] Fl`i] ¾ ]X`k c\ Z_`\e% @c \jk gi\jhl\ \e YXj% F_ efe# gXj [\ ]XZ\ ~ ]XZ\ Xm\Z cX ZfeZ`\i^\

<g`eXi[

IX[`j

Jfl[X`e# EX[`X j\ek jfe g`\[ ^c`jj\i m\ij cX [if`k\% C\ gXjjX^\ [l kif`j` d\ <cc\ X flYc` [\ j\ii\i Zfeki\ c\ dli% JXej Zfdgi\e[i\ c\ dflm\d\ek [\ jfe Zfigj# \cc\ j\ i\kiflm\ X^i`gg \ [Ële YiXj ~ cX YX$ cljkiX[\# c\j g`\[j [Xej c\ m`[\%

:Xjj`j

Gile\

D i\

Gf`mife

8lY\i$ ^`e\

9\kk\

; jXiif` kfkXc# \cc\ eËfj\ gclj Yfl^\i% <cc\ `dX^`e\ ]lik`m\d\ek cX Z_lk\% GXj [\ ]X fe c ^ i\# Zfdd\ Z\j el`kj [ Xe^f`jj\ f \cc\ X `dX^`e jfe jl`Z`[\% GXj [\ ]X fe Yilk\ \k `ii mfZXYc\% J\j g\ej \j [ Ô c\ek# \k j` \cc\j XmX`\ek c\ k\dgj# \cc\j [`iX`\ek ½ a\ jl`j [ jfc \# a\ mflcX`j i\^Xi[\i c\ [\jj`e [\ CfcX# gXic\i ~ J YXjk`\e# \ek\e[i\ i`i\ ;Xe`# Yf`i\ c\ k_ [\ :cXl[`e\# dXe^\i cX dXlmX`j\ jXlZ\ [\ :Xifc`e\% AËX` gXjj dX aflie \ ~ mflcf`i ki\ X`cc\lij# jli cX gcX^\# dX`j Z_Xhl\ d`elk\ Zfdgk\% :_Xhl\ d`elk\ Zfdgk\% ¾

:\i`j\

Gfdd\

*+ +*

*+

J<GK

8FéK

AL@CC

=iX`j\

[\ jX`jfe

Kflk Xl cfe^ [\ c Xee \# GifÔ c mflj ^l`[\ ^i Z\ ~ jfe ZXc\e[i`\i Y`fcf^`hl\% Mflj Xm\q [feZ jflj c\j p\lo c\j ]il`kj \k c ^ld\j hl\ mflj gflm\q dXe^\i [Xej c\j gifZ_X`ej df`j# kflk \e i\jg\ZkXek c \em`ifee\d\ek%

555

8M8EK8><J MFP8><J I j\im\q [\j mXZXeZ\j ~ le gi`o XYfi[XYc\ I j\im\q [\j mXZXeZ\j ~ le gi`o XYfi[XYc\

Gfli mflj Xjjli\i [\j g i`f[\j [\ [ k\ek\ ~ g\k`k gi`o# GXik\eXdlk ZfccXYfi\ Xm\Z [\j gXik\eX`i\j [\ hlXc`k \k `ek\im`\ek d d\ gfli c\j \e]Xekj m`X cËXjjliXeZ\ Zfdgc d\ekX`i\ %

M8:8E:<J GFLI <E=8EKJ aljhlË~ (/ Xej GXik\eXdlk mflj f]]i\ Z_\q MXZXeZ\j M`mXek\j 1

Le\ j c\Zk`fe [\ j aflij \k jkX^\j ~ $+' !

Le\ i [lZk`fe [\ *' ! jli c\j Xlki\j j aflij \e 9\c^`hl\!

Le\ i [lZk`fe [\ )' ! jli c\j j aflij ~ cË kiXe^\i

<cc\ j\ii\ c\j dljZc\j [\ jX dX`e# [\ jfe YiXj ]Xk`^l % <cc\ mX j\ d\k$ ki\ ~ Xgg\c\i% Jligi`j\ [Xej jfe Zi`# \cc\ j\ek le\ ]fiZ\ efid\ cl` gi\jj\i cË gXlc\# cX jflc\m\i m\ij c\j dXiZ_\j jX`e\j% <cc\ i\^Xi[\ jfe jXlm\li% C\ d`eljZlc\ Dfej`\li C\\dXej Hl\cc\ ]fiZ\ gfli le j` g\k`k Zfigj <cc\ ZfeeX`jjX`k :cXib B\ek \k m`\ek [\ [ Zflmi`i Jlg\idXe%

GXik\eXdlk mflj f]]i\ Z_\q 9;B 1

Le\ j c\Zk`fe [\ j aflij \k jkX^\j ~ $+' !

@c cX i\^Xi[\ Ô o\d\ek [\ jfe i\^Xi[ YcXeZ% <cc\ e\ jX`k gXj hlf` [`i\% 8cfij \cc\ c Z_\ ½ a\ jl`j \eZ\`ek\ ¾ \k le jXe^cfk% CX cld` i\ jË k\`ek%

:fe[`k`fej 1

CË\e]Xek [f`k ki\ ~ Z_Xi^\ [Ële X]Ô c` [\ GXik\eXdlk

8 cX [Xk\ [l j afli i\k\el# ki\ \e i ^c\ [\ Zfk`jXk`fej ~

cËXjjliXeZ\ Zfdgc d\ekX`i\ [\gl`j Xl df`ej - df`j

E\ gXj Xmf`i [ a~ Y e Ô Z` [\ Z\k XmXekX^\ ~ gi`o i [l`k

[Xej cËXee \ Z`m`c\ \e Zflij j`efe c\ gi`o efidXc j\iX [ËXggc`ZXk`fe

! M`X cËXjjliXeZ\ Zfdgc d\ekX`i\

Hl\chlËle iXccld\% Dfej`\li C\\dXej X [`jgXil% EX[`X j\ j\ek m`[ \# c\j YiXj jXej ]fiZ\ c\ cfe^ [l Zfigj% 8jj`j ~ j\j g`\[j# le g\k`k Z_`fk ef`i cË`ek\iif^\ [l i\^Xi[ \e j\ZflXek cX hl\l\% ½ Kl \j i\m\el# kf` 6 ¾ ½ EX[`X# X mX 6 ¾ [\dXe[\ le\ mf`o [Ë\e _Xlk% <cc\ \ek\e[ kflk\ cX kiflg\ [\jZ\e[i\ ~ jX i\eZfeki\% JX g\k`k\ ]Xd`cc\% <cc\ X _ k\ [\ c\j i\kiflm\i% C\ k c g_fe\ m`Yi\ [Xej cX gfZ_\ [\ jX m\jk\% <cc\ cËXkkiXg\ dXZ_`eXc\d\ek \k X]Ô Z_\ c\ d\jjX^\%

M8:8E:<J 8:K@M<J aljhlË~ *0 Xej CËL:G8 mflj f]]i\ 1

Le\ i [lZk`fe [\ , jli c\j j aflij L:G8 `e[`m`[l\cj

_fij gifdfk`fe# _fij kiXejgfik \e =iXeZ\ \k fgk`fej \e jlggc d\ek

½ Jfclk`fe kiflm \ m`X Xlki\ X^\eZ\% Fe X le\ eflm\cc\ m`ccX# \eZfi\ gclj Y\cc\% A\ kËXkk\e[j% ¾

GXik\eXdlk i\dYflij\ aljhlË~ +, ö gXi Xee \ Z`m`c\ gfli c\j j aflij \e ZXdg jZflk# ½ gXkif ¾# [Xej c\ ZX[i\ [\ j $ aflij jgfik`]j# c`e^l`jk`hl\j# gcX`e\j [\ a\lo# ZcXjj\j [\ e\`$ ^\# [\ d\i fl [\ ]fi k# gfli mfj \e]Xekj ^ j [\ df`ej [\ (0 Xej dfekXek gfik ~ ),' ö gfli c\j _Xe[`ZXg j [\ df`ej [\ )- Xej % :\k XmXekX^\ \jk ZldlcXYc\ Xm\Z c\j f]]i\j [\ MXZXeZ\j M`mXek\j# 9;B \k cËL:G8%

<cc\ gXik \e mfpX^\

M8:8E:<J GFLI KFLJ

*,

J

LJ KF I L I

I j \ '-* imXk`fe `e]f &+* *' 1 7Y[ + bjkX 0 ^ n il\ [ nn%Y[b \j%Y\ %cl l 9f -/- hl`ccfe ( ' D \cc`\ -i

:Xi j\im cjfe X N NX^ k`fe 1 GcXZ ')&), fec`k Ki Xm\ \ ;\ / /* c , ('' 9iflZ ' b i\ ' 9 ilo\ #

c`Z%8 cc\j ,' (') /

;ß 8EJ -' J

I :fd j\imX k` d i [l le`hl fe 1 \q c\ Zk`f Zf[ e 9 < mfki \ i ;0 cfi \ ')& j\imXk` j [\ , f nnn +0 ,+ ) e ' %lZg X%Zf d

;< - Á () 8

(/ Á ), 8E ;< J

E

J

I j \imX `e]f ')&-+ k`fe 1 / /( 7mX '0 Z X nnn %mXZ eZ\jm`m Xek\ XeZ\ Z_Xl j%Y\ jm`m jj \

Xe [ ('' \ Mc\li k\j%Y\ ' 9i ^Xk ( lo\c ( * c\j

GF

;< * Á (/ 8E

:Xicjfe NX^fec`k KiXm\c mflj f]]i\ 1

Le\ i [lZk`fe aljhlË~ . jli c\j mfpX^\j [\j gclj ^iXe[j

fi^Xe`jXk\lij

;\j f]]i\j gifdfk`fee\cc\j gfeZkl\cc\j

;\j Zfe[`k`fej XmXekX^\lj\j gfli cX i j\imXk`fe \e c`^e\

[\ mfj Y`cc\kj [ËXm`fej ]iX`j [ËX^\eZ\ i [l`kj \k cfZXk`fe [\ mf`kli\j

I j \imX nnn ')&-+ k`fe 1 / 0/ %j\e )) `fi[ \gXi * kd\ ek%Y \

M8:8E:<J J<E@FIJ M J J\e fi ;\gXikd\ek mflj gifgfj\ 1 Le\ i [lZk`fe [\ ), ö \k le\ j c\Zk`fe [\ j aflij ~ gi`o

i [l`k *,

<c`j\ MXe >pj\c

:\k k \eZfi\# GXik\eXdlk mflj Xkk\e[ jli c\ Y\Xl m cf [\ I8M\C% I\af`^e\q$eflj \e ]Xd`cc\# \eki\ Xd`j# Xm\Z mfj ZfdgX$ ^efej ~ hlXki\ gXkk\j C\ gXiZflij \jk j Zli`j gfli mflj f]]i`i le miX` dfd\ek [\ [ k\ek\% <ej\dYc\# m`j`kfej c\j gclj Y\cc\j i ^`fej [\ NXccfe`\ \k 9ilo\cc\j% I\e[\q$mflj jli c\ jkXe[ GXik\eXdlk f mflj Xkk\e$ [\ek ZfeZflij \k g\k`kj ZX[\Xlo

Fe j\ mf`k ~ =cfi\ee\j c\ )- al`e Dfej c\ * al`cc\k :_Xk\c\k c\ (' al`cc\k FiYX`j c\ (. al`cc\k DXiZ_\$\e$=Xd\ee\ c\ )+ al`cc\k ?Xm\cXe^\ c\ *( al`cc\k Jf`^e`\j c\ . Xf k

NX`d\j c\ (+ Xf k 8dXp c\ )( Xf k GcfdY` i\j c\ )/ Xf k Cl`e^\ c\ + j\gk\dYi\ K_l`e c\ (( j\gk\dYi\ 9ilo\cc\j c\ (0 j\gk\dYi\

Gfli \e jXmf`i gclj 1 _kkg 1&&Ycf^ikY]%kpg\gX[%Zfd&iXm\c&