Figure 18 Prevalence of lesson observation and provision of feedback to teachers (internally

statistically significant.20 Academy Managers, Academic Field Officers and Teacher Trainers conduct regular lesson observations as part of the Bridge model and therefore, their rate of internal monitoring (78%) is similar to those of public schools (89%) with a difference that is not statistically significant.

Most teachers in Bridge and public schools both had their lessons observed and received feedback that

they found to be helpful. Across all schools, out of 73% of teachers who report having their lessons observed, 71% report having received feedback, and 70% report receiving feedback that is helpful. In private schools, only 49% of teachers receive feedback despite 56% of teachers receiving monitoring visits.

Figure 18 Prevalence of lesson observation and provision of feedback to teachers (internally)

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 73% 71% 70% 78% 78% 76%

56%

49% 49% 89% 89%

Overall Bridge Private

School type

Observed Received feedback Received helpful feedback Public 89%

Public schools have the highest level of external monitoring (e.g. from State Ministry of Education

representatives or a Local Government Education Authority) through lesson observations. Of the teachers interviewed in public schools, 92% reported having received a visit from an external monitor, compared to 9% in private schools. For public schools the rate of external monitoring is higher than for internal monitoring. The opposite is the case for private schools, which have much less external monitoring compared to internal reviews, suggesting low levels of government monitoring of private schools. Bridge schools also report high levels of external monitoring, although lower than their internal monitoring levels. Whereas most internal monitoring is combined with helpful feedback in the view of public school teachers, not all external monitoring is combined with feedback, and not all feedback is perceived as helpful.

20 P-value of Private/Bridge school difference: 0.025; P-value of Private/Public school difference: 0.000.