ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Phase 4 the Exquisite

Phase 4: The Exquisite

Zeina Alkhaja Prof. Wiederspahn

Introduction Understanding Construction Construction Modules On Site Climate Consultant Data Diagram Analysis Collage of Site courtyards Plan Diagrams of Space Mechanical Plan Fire Safety Plan Access Plan Technical 1 Technical 2 Facade Analysis Sections Section of Systems Diagram of Systems Techical 3 Axonometrics Landscapping Collage of Found Objects Analysis of Landscape Plant Scheme Urban Plan Scenarios Scenario Diagram

3 4 5-8 9-15 10-13 14 15 16-33 17-19 20-21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32-33 34-40 35 36-37 38 39-40 41 42

Table of Contents

This prototype focuses on human and landscaping practices. The tight grid allows for open spaces that can be sectioned off for additional privacy without impacting the structural integrity of the building. The goal is an evolving understanding of how the space is used. A space in which the inhabitants are able to foster a community that is both self-sufficient and capable of programmatic changes. Nature is integrated into the building systems through woven green facades and courtyards. All the systems work to ensure multiple points of comfort and equilibrium with the surrounding environment.

Introduction

Understanding Construction

Structure of Wood Long tubular cells of the tree trunk make wood strongest and most stable in the direction of the grain, and weaker and more prone to expansion and shrinkage due to the moisture in the cross-grain direction.

Making the Panels Layers of spruce boards are glued together. To provide maximum strength and stability, each layer’s grain is laid perpendicular to the previous one’s.

Computer-controlled machinery in the factory trims the panels to exact dimensions and cuts openings for the windows, apetures and other installations needed.

Construction Modules

Cross Section of SIPS Layers of Wood with Insulation

Charred Layer Heated Wood

Installing Elements Floor and Walls can be lifted in place with a mobile crane. Metal brackets and screws are used to join together panels.

Adding Strength In ares of high stress where walls press into the floor, additional screws or nails can be driven into the floor to distrubute the surface load deeper into the panel.

Elevator Shaft For fire safety and soundproofing, the elevator shafts and stairwell cores have double walls with insulation layers in between them.

Structurally Sound Core

In Case of Fire When massive solid wood panels burn, their surfaces become charred. The charring can be slow the fire and protect the inner core from heating, keeping it structurally sound. Typically walls and ceilings are covered with plasterboard to further reduce risk of fire.

Construction Modules

CLT floor slabs with glulam Columns and steel connectors

cross wall connection with self tapping screws

metal angle bracket partial encapsulation during construction phase joint tape

ceiling wall connection screw

completed construction that includes insulation, floor top, and boards to prevent water Construction Modules

Construction Modules

On Site

Climate Consultant Data

Climate Consultant Data

Climate Consultant Data

Climate Consultant Data

Urban Collage

courtyards

Site Plan

Plan

Plan

Diagram of Man in Relation to Space

Modules of Spaces Diagrams

Studies of Modular Space

Mechanic Systems

sprinkler system fire path way egress/clt fire rated building core independent

Life Safety Diagram

bathroom space

bathroom cores access path ways person radius

Access Diagram

Cores and Elevator Shaft For fire safety and soundproofing, the elevator shafts and stairwell cores have double walls with insulation layers in between them.

The cores are set up in the beginning of the project to act as a lateral support system. The cores include elevators, freight elevator, bathrooms and mechanical closets.

Columns and Joists The columns consist of glulam beams that span the floor heights and connected with steel connectors. This prevents the weathering of the structure and allows for larger and longer length members. This is supported by a repeated grid patern of 20’x20’.

Floor to Ceiling

glulam beams with steel connectors

10’-15’

Column Sizing

glulam

18”x18”

Core Dimension Roof Partitions (ie walls) Floor Plates

seedum placed as divisions for later use

2’ 5’ (including green roofing) 1’ (non-load bearing)

sprinkler system fire path way egress/clt fire rated

In this CLT construction the floor plates are part of the structure. Once completed construction the floor includes insulation, floor top, and boards to prevent water. The flooring should be topped to avoid issues with insulation and acostics.

CLT Core

building core independent

Area/Inhabitant Total Area

min. 200 ft²/ max.450ft² 185,028 ft²

min. 200 ft²/ max.450ft² 185,028 ft²

D- raised floor (space for radiant heating)

mechanical ventilation/air

water

A- mechanical ventilation and core

sunlight

circulation

B- green roof (thermal preformance& energy conservation) E- post&beam system (modified spaces and growth)

wind

energy

C- horizontal louvres (provides shading from sun)

F-wintergarten (double skin, elevated green space)

A

B

C

J

D

I E

F H G

G- permeable planting (flood resistant plantings) H- water collection (mitigate roof runoff, and main collection point) I- decidious trees (air circulation, minimize solar gain)

protects from direct radiation winter

lets light/heat in during winter months

protects/blocks/captures dust and pollution

spring

releases humidity

summer

protects from directional winds

cycle of oxygen production

autumn

reduces/mitigates sound pollution

Facade Strategies

Sections

chilled beam cooli mechanics core

radiant floor heatin

geothermal energy

Mechanic Systems

Diagrammatic Understanding

winter

spring

summer

protects from direct radiation

lets light/heat in during winter months

protects from direct radiation

lets light/heat in during winter months

autumn

protects/blocks/captures dust and pollution protects/blocks/captures dust and pollution

fill (0’-10’) organics (10’-20’) outwash deposits (15’-25’) protects from direct radiation

releases humidity

releases humidity

marine deposits (25’-65’) lets light/heat in during winter months protects from directional winds

protects from directional winds

outwash deposits (65’-75’)

glacial tilt (75’-84’)

bedrock (+85’)

protects/blocks/captures dust and pollution cycle of oxygen production

releases humidity

reduces/mitigates sound pollution

cycle of oxygen production

reduces/mitigates sound pollution

Axon: Courtyard

People View Axon

Landscaping

Nature Collage

This graphic explains the relationships between the different landscaping strategies: -Planted Zones -Cistern/Bioretention Zones -Partially Wet -Always Wet Multiple equilibrium points are created by being able to flood/store water in certain parts without damaging the landscaping and biology in the site.

Landscapping Diagram

Landscapping Diagram

Grasses and Perennials Shrubs and Groundcovers Eastern showy aster is a tall (1 to 2 feet), native, perennial herb with lance-shaped leaves and showy clusters of flowers (violet-purple rays surrounding a yellow disc) that bloom from August to October. Showy aster forms clones and clumps and spreads by underground rhizomes with new shoots growing at the end of the rhizomes and bases of old stems. This aster is easily cultivated and becomes well established in dry, sandy, grassland habitats. Because eastern showy aster is tolerant of offshore winds and salt spray, it is often seen in pine barrens near the shore.

Black grass is a loosely tufted, perennial herb. It grows from 1 to 2 feet tall and has rounded stems, grass-like leaves located on the lower half of the stem, and small green-brown flowers in dense spikes or in loose clusters. The flowering and fruiting period occurs from spring through summer. This grass spreads by rhizomes and forms extensive colonies in coastal estuaries and salt marshes just above the high tide line, where it is flooded only by the most extreme tides of each month.

Black grass can also be grown on more inland sites. The rigid stems growing from fibrous roots make it a good plant for erosion control. Its adaptability to wet sites makes it a good plant for water or rain gardens, stormwater basins, low areas of the yard subject to flooding, and coastal gardens. The dense cover of black grass provides good shelter for birds and small mammals.

Indian grass is a tall, warm-season grass that grows from 3 to 8 feet high. In the fall, the slender, blue-green leaves of this hardy upright grass turn yellow, and the towering stiff stems topped with narrow, plume-like auburn flower heads turn deep orange or purple. Indian grass prefers full sun, is tolerant of a wide range of soil types, and is moderately drought and salinity tolerant. Indian grass can be grown in bunches or as single stems mixed with other grasses and is useful for erosion control. The seeds provide food for birds and mammals and the grass provides excellent nesting material and cover for wildlife.

Saltgrass is a gray-green, perennial grass that grows from 1 to 3 feet high with wiry, stiff stems and flat, short leaves along the stems. The yellowish flower panicles bloom from June to October and turn tan as they dry. Saltgrass forms dense mats, spreading by rhizomes and sometimes stolons (horizontal stems near the soil surface) and can rapidly colonize new areas. This grass commonly forms patches in the high salt marsh but can also be found in the troughs of back dune areas and in salt or mud flats along the coast. Though well adapted to wet sites, saltgrass shows a high drought tolerance and has been documented as growing in drier forest sites and desert scrub habitats. Saltgrass provides excellent nesting grounds for birds, fish, and larvae of many species of marine invertebrates.

Marsh elder is a perennial, multi-stemmed, deciduous subshrub (short woody plant) that grows from 3 to 8 feet high. It has lance-shaped, succulent leaves and prominent, greenish-white flower heads that appear in the late summer. Marsh elder most often grows in mid to high salt marsh ecosystems, tidelands, and back dune areas, at elevations where the roots are not subject to prolonged flooding.

Though adaptable to various soil textures, marsh elder requires moist, saline soils and is not very shade or drought tolerant. Once established, however, it is very low maintenance. Marsh elder is very effective on coastal sites where few other plants will grow. It provides nesting habitat for birds and can serve as shelter for small mammals, particularly during extreme high tides.

Trees

Beach heather is a low-growing perennial shrub that thrives in nutritionally poor sand, therefore making it a dominant species in the dune ecosystem. Beach heather is beneficial for other plants because it enriches the soil with nitrogen.

Beach heather has scaly leaves covered with fine, hair-like structures that protect the plant from moisture loss due to wind and sun. Off the tips of the branches grow clusters of bright yellow flowers. Beach heather functions to stabilize dunes with its carpet-like surface area that catches and holds the sand in place and a root network that binds the sediments.

Elderberry is a fast-growing, thicket-forming, deciduous shrub that grows 4 to 12 feet high. Bright green, compound leaves grow on open, arching branches. The small, fragrant white flowers that bloom from late June to August are arranged on terminal clusters. The purple-black berries that ripen from July to September are eaten by at least 50 species of birds and mammals. Elderberry can tolerate a wide range of wet- to dry-soil conditions, but prefers rich, moist, slightly acidic soil and sunny locations. Elderberry is often found bordering streams and in wet forests but can be planted as a hedge or an accent or for effective erosion control on moist sites. The berries are inedible and slightly toxic to humans when raw, yet can be used for making jellies, preserves, pies, and wine.

White oak is a large, durable, and long-living deciduous shade tree that can grow over 100 feet tall and up to 60 to 80 feet wide. White oak has a broad, round crown and wide-spreading branches with dense foliage that turns an attractive red-violet color in the fall. This oak has a deep root system, which makes it fairly tolerant of a range of soil conditions and fairly drought resistant when well established. White oak performs best on coarse, moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soils with medium fertility. White oak is moderately resistant to salt spray and even temporary salt-water submergence. The acorns are a food source for many small mammals and birds. The high-grade wood of this oak is used for furniture, flooring, interior woodwork, and even shipbuilding. White oak needs room to grow and has a low tolerance for soil compaction and changes in soil levels.

Eastern ninebark is a dense, mound-shaped, deciduous shrub that grows from 3 to 10 feet tall and 4 to 6 feet wide. The individual, white-to-pinkish, 5-petaled flowers that appear on flat-topped clusters from May to June give way to papery clusters of red fruit pods from August to early October. Ninebark is extremely hardy, drought-tolerant, and well adapted to a wide range of soil conditions, including moist to dry sites, gravel to clay textures, and partial shade to full sun. Ninebark is also fast growing and will resprout from the base vigorously if cut back. It can be used in a garden border, as a screen, or for erosion control on banks. The common name comes from the excessive peeling of the bark—as if it had nine layers or nine lives. The flowers are an excellent source of nectar for butterflies and bees, and the fruits are eaten by many species of birds.

Common juniper is a dense, native, evergreen tree or shrub that grows on dry, open, rocky, wooded hillsides, exposed slopes, and coastal banks and dunes. Though slow growing, it is extremely cold hardy and tolerant of difficult growing conditions, such as acidic sandy soils, sunny exposure, and wind. The common juniper variety depressa is a low-growing, mat-forming evergreen shrub that rarely exceeds 4 feet in height and 8 feet across. Root development can occur when branches come in contact with the ground. Other varieties of common juniper can grow as a tree and reach heights up to 25 feet. Common juniper is valued as an ornamental and is useful as a landscape groundcover, and the berry-like cones provide food for native birds.

Sassafras is a deciduous tree that grows from 35 to 50 feet high with an attractive, horizontal-branching pattern and an interesting, ridged, red brown bark. The bright green leaves—which come in three shapes (single lobed, mitten-shaped, and three lobed)—turn a bright-yellow or red-orange color in the fall. The green twigs and leaf stalks have a pleasing and spicy aroma. The fragrant flowers that bloom before the leaves appear in the spring attract birds, bees, and butterflies. In late summer and fall, the female trees produce small, dark blue, oval fruits that are readily eaten by wildlife. Sassafras does best in moist, fertile soils in partial to full shade, but can tolerate a wide range of soils, including dry, sandy soils. Sassafras can spread by roots to form large thickets and is therefore useful for erosion control or on disturbed sites. If roots suckers are cut, sassafras can also be planted as a low maintenance specimen tree. Sassafras has been cultivated since 1630 for its leaves, bark, and wood for medicinal uses and for items such as soaps, perfumes, and teas—however, the commercial availability of this tree is limited.

Beach plum is a fast-growing, deciduous shrub with an average height of 4 to 7 feet, but can reach heights of 10 to 12 feet in inland, nutrient-rich soils. The plant, which is native to coastal areas of Massachusetts, is adapted to medium fertility, slightly acidic, loamy, and sandy soils. Over time, extensive colonies may develop from a single plant. In spring, snowy white flowers expand before the leaves, which are a dull-green color. The fruit ripens from August to October and can be harvested and processed into jam, syrup, and puree. Because of its tolerance of salt and its deep roots, beach plum is useful for stabilizing sand and landscaping a coastal dune.

Planting Scheme

RESIST

STORE

DELAY

DISCHARGE

Urban Resilience

RESIST

TERRACED EDGE BULKHEAD TOPO

OVERFLOW INLET AT MAX WATER DEPTH

SHEETFLOW INTO RAIN GARDEN OVER TURF OR GROUNDCOVER FILTER STRIP

DELAY

DEPLOYABLE BUILDING STRUCTURE

TERRACED PARKLAND GREEN ROOF

6" MAX. PONDING DEPTH

STONE ENERGY DISSIPATOR GROUNDCOVER OR WOOD MULCH

30" MIN. SOIL DEPTH

PERFORATED UNDERDRAIN IN PEA GRAVEL BED, TIED INTO STORM DRAIN

UNCOMPACTED NATIVE SOIL

OVERFLOW PIPE TIED INTO STORM DRAIN

60% SAND, 40% ORGANIC MATTER PUMP INLET MAINTENACE ACCESS, 2.25' O.D.

BOOT COLLAR, TYPICAL AT ALL TANK INLETS AND OUTLETS OVERFLOW PIPE SHALLOW WELL PUMP ACCESS, CHRISTY BOX ENCLOSURE OR EQUAL

CLEAN SAND ET-1500 SERIES ECO-RAIN TANKS WRAPPED IN GEOTEXTILE FABRIC FILTER UNIT

BIOSWALE? .

SUMP PUMP OR VALVE, INSTALLED PER MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDATIONS

2" CLEAN SAND BASE GEOTEXTILE FABRIC UNDERLAYMENT, OPTIONAL PER ENGINEER

SINGLE LAYER ET-1401 ECO-RAIN 2" DRAINAGE CELLS BELOW PIPE

IMPERMEABLE LINER

CISTERN BIORETENTION BASIN WETLAND/MARSHY?

BOOT COLLAR TYPICAL AT TANK INLET AND OUTLET OVERFLOW PIPE

CLEAN SAND ET-1500 SERIES ECO-RAIN TANKâ„¢ WRAPPED IN GEOTEXTILE FABRIC FILTER UNIT

60% SAND, 40% ORGANIC MATTER

SUMP PUMP ACCESS CHRISTY BOX ENCLOSURE OR EQUAL

GREASE TRAP FOR GRAY WATER HARVESTING, OPTIONAL

2"-6"PER ENGINEER 2" CLEAN SAND BASE

.

.

DISCHARGE

STORM-WATER PUMP STORM DRAIN

2"-6" PER ENGINEER

.

STORE

SHALLOW WELL PUMP SIZED PER SPECIFCATIONS AND INSTALLED PER MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDATIONS, EITHER BELOW GRADE OR WALL-MOUNTED

HDPE SUMP PUMP ENCLOSURE BOX SUMP PUMP WITH TETHER SUMP ACCESS PIPE SIZED PER PUMP MANUFACTURER RECOMMENDATION

IMPERMEABLE LINER GEOTEXTILE FABRIC UNDERLAYMENT OPTIONAL PER ENGINEER

Urban Resilience

Scenarios

Current Situation: Courtyard Style Building

This shows the intended dimensions of the building that optimizes the lighting of the courtyard and the Current Situation: Courtyard Style Building three blocks. It is relatively low in height, and the This showsStyle the intended dimensions of the building Current Situation: Courtyard Building structure should be able to withstand growth. that optimizes the lighting of the courtyard and the This shows the intended dimensions of the building three blocks. It is relatively low in height, and the that optimizes the lightingstructure of the courtyard should beand ablethe to withstand growth. three blocks. It is relatively low in height, and the structure should be able to withstand growth.

Worsening Climate: Block Style Building

Worsening Climate:This Block Style Building shows the actual dimension of the project with

the absense theproject courtyards.

This shows the actual dimension ofofthe with In less habitable world, the would become obsoluete. This the absense of the courtyards.

Incourtyard less habitable would give a bigger usableThis floor plate. world, the courtyard would become obsoluete. would give a bigger usable floor plate.

Worsening Climate: Block Style Building

This shows the actual dimension of the project with

Calibrated Growth: Courtyard Style Building

This shows future growth of my the main block which would allow for more usable interior spaces and a Calibrated Growth: Courtyard Style Building courtyard that still recieves natural light

This shows future growth of my the main block which Calibrated Growth: Courtyard Style Building would allow for more usable interior spaces and a

This shows future growth of my the main block which courtyard that still recieves natural light would allow for more usable interior spaces and a courtyard that still recieves natural light

Calibrated Growth: Block Style Building

Calibrated Growth: Block StyleofBuilding This shows the growth the project with the ab-

sense ofofthe courtyards.

In less world, the This shows the growth the project with thehabitable abcourtyardIn would obsoluete.

This would give sense of the courtyards. less become habitable world, the bigger usable floor plate, higher courtyard woulda become obsoluete.

This and would givecapacity to a bigger usableviews. floor plate, and higher capacity to Calibrated Growth: Block Style Building views.

This shows the growth of the project with the ab-

Mega Tower: Courtyard Style Building

This shows an extreme growth of the smallest building block. This mimicks the expect shift to Mega Mega Tower: Courtyard Style Building Cities and the need for high density shelter.

shows an extreme growth of the smallest buildMega This Tower: Courtyard Style Building ing block. This mimicks the expect shift to Mega

This shows an extreme growth of the smallest buildCities and the need for high density shelter. ing block. This mimicks the expect shift to Mega Cities and the need for high density shelter.

Mega Tower: Block Towers w/ High Occupancy

Mega Tower: Block Towers w/ High This shows an extreme growth of theOccupancy smallest building

block.

This mimicks the expect shift to Mega Cities and This shows an extreme growth of the smallest building themimicks need for the highexpect densityshift shelter. block. This to Mega Cities and the need for high density shelter.

Mega Tower: Block Towers w/ High Occupancy This shows an extreme growth of the smallest building

Massing Diagram