ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Precast Playground

PRECAST laura gomez + jennĂŠa pillay arch 5120 / arch 5220 ransmeier / laboy may 2020

table of manifesto

5

01 * the enduring structure and site

7

02 * the evolving envelope and landscape

19

03 * the ephemeral systems and program

31

appendix

49

precast playground, a manifesto 01: the enduring

Disaggregating space-forming structure into a family of components, this system of construction re-establishes creative participation in the design of foundational elements of an intervention. Maximizing the material advantageous of steel and concrete in tandem, for gravitational and lateral loads respectively, each component capitlises on the strength in slenderness of steel, supported by the fireporrofing and beautiful material finish of concrete.

Permutability of aggregation enables site sensitivity within the philosophy of persistence, whilst integrating humanism through beauty and fun. Deployed to produce a diversity of conditions within a set of operational prescriptives, this prototype is a durable framework of space: an existential constant on which to build enclosure as a changeable membrane.

02: the evolving

A complementary and integrated counterpart, enclosure and landscape mediate between natural and constructed environments. Submergence and excavation encourage the interdependent development of land and construction, producing co-dependence of nature and structure at their interface.

Enclosure of structure comprises the layerd control of wind, light, sound, and water through a set of filtering and stopping planes. Experientially permeable, it promotes exchange between interior and exterior, accentuating the beauty and permanence of structure through the intrigue of their interplay.

03: the ephemeral

The ultimate implementaton of program and human occupation further emphasises the adaptability of the estalished framework as a dependable and beautiful constant. Evoking the motif of a ruin, time and weather strengthen the narrative and humanity of the space, creating a cultural allegiance to the intervention through various potential uses. These are supported by mechanical systems, expressed honestly, through strategically as a final layer of language interacting with a framework that is both persistent and playful.

5

01 * the enduring

material touchstone * plasticity

8

9

material touchstone * modularity + form finding

1

2

3

plasticity of material

variety of composition with single component

steel and concrete composite

concrete as masonry

beauty of materiality unique language of connection structure as facade

human scale

erethreal experiential quality

10

walking assembly matter design studio boston, MA 2019

precedent studies

building / prototype II march leschelier burgundy, france 2019

tama art university library toyo ito + associates tokyo, japan 2007

kit of parts study

11

1

indent in beams allow for perpendicular connections

2

3

half-arch double-height module

connection creates cavity at columns, to be filled with concrete

concrete and rebar connector

double-height column connector for componeents and cast-in-place floors

components “complete” columns

8-point gridded connection ‘L’

angled corner for lateral stability and mech. systems 12

shear wall half-arch

height and span parameters varied across modules

wedged modules connect at capped columns

moment frame

half-arch 8-point connection

column connector

angled corner creates uneven sides to components forces directionality in assembly // experientially clunky, unimaginative, and unremarkable from post-and-beam construction // single-span components cannot be placed on top of double-span components due to uneven legs.

8-point conection requires excess material at columns // spatially/experientially too massive // double-height module produces alternating floors of arches and columns // slenderness of modules not feasible for transportation.

system creates complexity without significant advantage over post-and-beam // inelegant use of capping and infill // 30’ by 30’ as largest possible space // bulkiness of pureconcrete components creates large structural elements that infringe on usable spaces.

module progression

4

single span

current steel and concrete composite reduces bulk of components and increases spanning capacity // steel as gravitational structure, concrete as lateral structure // concrete form provides fire-proofing and beautiful finish.

double span

triple span

half arch

47’ 2” 30’ 9” 14’ 4”

14’ 4”

15’

13

31’ 2”

module progression * family of components

EGRESS and CIRCULATION

integration diagram structure

path of egress, width

1

LATERAL LOAD * arches and cores as lateral elements * arches placed at corners * at least one arch per floor (per elevation) to transfer load vertically to the ground

TYPE 1A CONSTRUCTION *assuming automatic sprinkler system Allowable Building Height (feet, above grade): UL Actual Building Height (feet, above grade): 160 feet Allowable # of Stories above Grade Plane: UL Actual # of Stories above Grade Plane: 10

12’ 4” 7’ 6” * stair width 44”

GRAVITATIONAL LOAD

Allowable Area (square feet): UL Actual Area (square feet): 121, 500 square feet

largest floor area (sf.)

VOLUME 1 14836 VOLUME 2 10994 occupant load factor: 100 gross (industrial areas) VOLUME 1 149 VOLUME 2 110 0 < occupant load < 500 min. 2 exits per floor exit access travel distance ( ft) VOLUME 1 81 VOLUME 2 78 relevant occupancies: A, F-1, R, S-1 max. exit access travel distance: 250’ (sprinklered) occupant load factor: 200 gross (residential) VOLUME 1 75 VOLUME 2 55 0 < occupant load < 500 min. 2 exits per floor

2

knee-braced structural shading

14

CONGREGATION and TERRACING

regular column grid concrete foundation wall

rigid foam insulation

14’ 4”

30’ 9”

47’ 2”

14’ 4”

component configuration

15’

31’ 2”

component set

concrete form

component make-up

steel c-channel

concrete mat foundation

component assembly

concrete slurry wall

welded plate concrete connection infill of exposed steel

hollow core slab connection

1

2

entry

double-height + views

double height entry space // half-arches reach into public realm // entry way framed by 3-span arch.

3

arches frame significant views // double height spaces framed by corner condition of half-arches // additional upside down arch may complete framing as faรงade gesture // upside down arch serves as seating.

15

4

terracing + corners

interior to site S

half-arches provide shaded terracing to the south // entry to terrace framed by an arch // corners of building volume always created by two perpedicularly connected arches for lateral stability.

entry to site through building framed by arches // additional arches parallel to circulation reach into exterior space // threshold of inside-outside covered area.

module assembly logic + rules

site context and massing strategies

green belt

difference in heights to allow for views to the charles river + open up the corner condition south facade is stepped to allow for maximum daylight penetration stepping allows for terracing which connects the interior with exterior landscape strategies

16

north facade is flat and regular, maintaining contextual moves and shielding from the busy street

continuation of proposed green belt through site

western avenue

soldiers field road landscape manipulation to shield open green space from heavy traffic

soldiers field road

charles river

0

*existing site

17

1

*street edge *contextual deterrents

2

*site access

3

*site approach + circulation *congregation

4

site parti

*formal parti *structural + landscape strategy

02 * the evolving

N

20

site plan

structure and site relationship

1 8

street edge heirarchy

7

formal presentation

6

volumetric juxtaposition

5

interstitial tissue

4

visual transition

3

subterranean exchange

2

porous perimeter

1

site threshold

21

22

landscape tactics

integration diagram * envelope + landscape sloped flashing surface scupper integrated downspout

floor composition

building barriers

concrete topping slab radiant floor heating hollowcore concrete slab

metal vertical fins wind, shading metal mesh panels shading, sound, privacy triple-pane glazing vapor, thermal, water

insulation waterproofing hollowcore concrete slab

23

4â&#x20AC;? concrete steel c-channel waterproofing

4â&#x20AC;? foam insulation

foundation drainage

steel bolts

pre-cast concrete cap 6â&#x20AC;? foam insulation

exterior composition + thermal continuity

component composition + thermal continuity

24

elevation * west

25

elevation* south

26

elevation * north

27

elevation * west

28

29

03 * the ephemeral

WATER

{

municipal water connection

water meter

stand pipe sprinkler connection

fresh water shipment

ELECTRICITY

32

{

storage tank

chiller heat exchanger

electric grid connection

transformer

sun incidence

PV array

}

building (use) mechanical shaft

THERMAL

AIR

{

outside

{

mechanical shaft

switchgear room charge controller storage bank/battery

cooling tower

heat exchanger

chilled water plant

humidifier

mechanical systems logic

mechanical shaft

PVC tubing

}

closed loop

ceiling (air in) interior spaces ceiling (return)

ceiling

appliance sprinklers

drain

wet wall

ceiling (through floor)

municipal sewage connection mechanical shaft

grey water treatment septic tank

chimney

boiler

wet wall

building (drainage)

mechanical shaft

electrical closet

building circuits (slab and wall)

appliance

inverter

mechanical shaft

building circuits (slab and wall)

appliance

water storage tank

370W PV panels

charge controller/ inverter

storage bank

heat exchanger/ humidifier

370W PV panels

HEATING ELECTRICITY PLUMBING AIR

transformer

boiler/ chilled water plant

electrical grid connection

municipal water source

charge storage controller/ bank inverter

heat exchanger/ humidifier

33 boiler/ chilled water plant

$?

99% 99% 99%

99%

[- years] predisposition

[0 years] current

TENSION

DISILLUSION

[10 - 15 years] near

REVOLUTION

[30 - 45 years] speculative

STABILIZATION

[85 - 100 years] aspirational

EVOLUTION scenario 1

34

Humanity exists at the confluence of paradigm-destablising forces.

Increasingly extreme economic stratification, an over-saturation of consumerism at the expense of humane principles of labor, and the inability of global governments to conceive of social success outside of monetary parameters are heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Unable to rely on employment and an operational economy to provide, people become isolated from capitalist institutions and constructs.

Disillusionment with the political/economic system festers as people retreat from the urban realm. Spaces exist at the scale of the individual.

Separated from usual social and resource networks, people re-constitute their processes of livelihood, rejecting capitalistic tendencies for a tribal society. Smaller networks of people share company and resources as a relatively self-sufficient unit, existing predominantly around the basics of survival ( food, shelter, and companionship).

Resources are consolidated into small vestibules of shared, domestic life. Spaces exist at the scale of the family.

TIMELINE 1.

...more like CRAPitalism

Through consistent lack in engagement, the capitalist framework deteriorates. In its place, tribes establish connections among one another to barter and trade specialized resources and skills. Tribes maintain a sense of autonomy and identity, but within a developing network of exchange, based on community, fairness, and trust, rather than monetary retribution. Informal realms and systems of exchange begin to establish themselves. Spaces are connected at the scale of the co-operative.

Networks of tribes blossom into ecosystems of support and exchange anchored in compassion, creation, and symbiosis. Survival needs are met by what the tribe and network owe to each other. Society is reconfigured to value life experienced through community, culture, and the arts.

To this end, networks sponsor and uphold places of congregation, recreation, and creation. Spaces exist at the scale of shared cultural resources.

35

scenario 1: CIVIC

N

library and lounge

cafe, lounge, and outdoor seating

36 basement outcropping, exhibition space

outdoor furniture and congregation

CIVIC: site plan

N core egress, elevator + mechanical shaft

coat check freight elevator

coat check and kitchen

kitchen

restrooms

freight elevator

exhibition space and artifact storage

37

artifact storage

custodial storage

gallery space

CIVIC: basement plan

clerestory exhbition space, storage and circulation to exterior site

N

residential

photo lab

freight elevator

wood shop , lounge, and terrace

freight elevator game area

shared kitchen

lounge

shared dining space

38

music lounge

apartment spaces and corridor

wood shop

core egress, elevator + mechanical shaft

PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS

SPACE USE ANALYSIS

music space and terrace

CIVIC: typical residential plan

NW

S

gallery

N residential

terracing shared spaces

PROGRAM + PASSIVE SYSTEMS

N

S

E

SCENARIO 1: CIVIC

39 STRUCTURE, ENCLOSURE + SITE

LANDSCAPE + GROUND PLANE

landscape furniture landscape connection to basement

basement outcropping

double-height lobby and mezzanine

[- years] trajectory

[0 years] current

CHAOS

IMBALANCE

[5 years] immediate

RETREAT

[10 - 15 years] near

CATALOGUE

[30 years] speculative

SURVEY

[85 - 100 years] aspirational

CO-EXIST scenario 2

40

Global population growth and significant strides in industry and technology create a massive surge in human impact on the the planet and its resources. Unsustainable relationships with energy production and consumption, as well as material manufacturing and use, become entrenched in the creation and maintenance of societies. The disruption of global climate evolves as a result of human industrial activity unmitigated to an appropriate extent and urgency.

Tension between human settlements and the natural environment builds.

Global temperatures rise, and dramatic weather events increase in incidence.

Climate instability creates uncertainty in how the human population might populate the Earth.

TIMELINE 2.

water under the bridge (but also everything else)

An increase in volatile weather events, due to climate change unchecked. The global human population abandons coastal regions due to the dangers to living - storm weather, flooding, etc. - they now pose.

Coastal structures are abandoned to the elements and are overrun by nature.

In an attempt to restore order to the coastal outskirts, and better understand global meteorological stakes, there is a surge in climate research, data collection, and projection. Coastal structures are restored and retro-fitted to serve as meteorological monitoring stations.

They house autonomous lab equipment and weather instruments, and remain free of human occupation, only visited when neccesary.

As society re-estblishes itself inland, the transition towards a new climate equilibrium is accepted as the most useful course of action. Meteorological vigilance becomes less necessary. As do human coastal interventions such a levees and dams. These deteriorate or are activly removed. Sea levels continue to rise and shorelines move toward a new equilibrium. Patterns of human occupation are re-established entirely inland, exposing an entire region of unoccupied no-manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;sland at the coast. These serve at the new national borders, in need of surveillance and protection. Coastal structures house the military in transit check-points that facilitate passage inland.

Sea levels rise to reach a new equilibrium, reclaiming much of the coastline of the previous age and reconfiguring overall planetary landmass. Extreme weather has run its course and the global climate rebalances at a warmer average.

Human urbanization exists only inland.

Scarcity of landmass and prioritization of housing creates a dependence on ocean resources for sustenance. Coastal structures, now ocean stuctures, become outcroppings of civilisation: touchpoints for travellers crossing vaster oceans, offshore hubs of trade, and cornerstones of resource collection and processing as a lifeline for inland settlements.

41

scenario 2: INDUSTRIAL

N

ship port and loading dock

42

production and packaging

INDUSTRIAL: site plan

43 aquaculture (clam farming)

AQUACULTURE mussel/clam farming

INDUSTRIAL: underwater plan

STORAGE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING processing, packaging

production and packaging

FISHING OUTPOSTS 44

individual, net fishing

PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS

SPACE USE ANALYSIS terrace fishing outposts

INDUSTRIAL: typical production plan

NW

S fishing outpost

production

N

N PROGRAM + PASSIVE SYSTEMS

S

SCENARIO 2: INDUSTRIAL

45 STRUCTURE, ENCLOSURE + SITE

S

LANDSCAPE + GROUND PLANE

aquaculture

integration diagram comfort systems passive ventilation operable widows + facade cavity

thermal mass heat absorption by concrete re-released at night to keep internal temperature consistent

shading mesh screen diffuses light for pleasant interior, attenuates sound, protects against wind

horizontal systems infrastructure, arched configuration playfulness of arched array reflects interior program as a creative living space, creates experientially interesting interplay with structure

46

radiant heating/ cooling slab comfort at human level, warmed air rises through space

heat exchanger tempers fresh air intake to be distributed throughout the building

shading precast modules+overhang create shading for the terrace spaces and protect the south facade from hash direct sunlight

radiant heating/ cooling slab comfort at human level, cools industrial spaces at the floor/ machine level

mechanical room floor 2 (mezzanine) mechanical rooms are placed on the second floor to avoid infringing on usable, people-centered spaces in the basement (exhibition space), ground level (community gathering and recreation, and upper levels (residential and maker spaces

horizontal systems infrastructure, stacked configuration stacked arrangement emphasizes the circulation within large open spaces, as well as allowing for more open headspace in large production areas.

mechanical room floor 5 mechanical rooms are placed on the fifth floor to easily serve and connect to all necessary levels as well as integrate with the industrial programmed spaces placement on the fifth floor ensures equipment is housed well above extreme flood levels , expected by the scenario planning. additional gravitational loads are accounted for in oversizing of vertical members.

placement on the second floor ensures equipment is housed above a conservative 15 foot flood line but does not place additional gravitational load on the higher floors, and can be more easily connected to municipal water and electricity infrastructure forced air passed through humidifier and heat exchanger for controlled interior spaces, responsible for fresh air intake and stale air exhaust (not thermal comfort)

CIVIC: museum, maker space, residential

Networks of tribes blossom into ecosystems of support and exchange anchored in compassion, creation, and symbiosis.

Survival needs are met by what the tribe and network owe to each other. Society is reconfigured to value life experienced through community, culture, and the arts. Networks sponsor and uphold places of congregation, recreation, and creation. Spaces exist at the scale of shared cultural resources.

INDUSTRIAL: transportation, storage, fishing industry and processing

Sea levels rise to reach a new equilibrium, reclaiming much of the coastline of the previous age and reconfiguring overall planetary landmass. Extreme weather has run its course and the global climate rebalances at a warmer average. Human urbanization exists only inland. The scarcity of landmass and prioritization of housing creates a dependence on ocean resources for sustenance. Coastal structures, now ocean stuctures, become outcroppings of civilization: touchpoints for travelers crossing vaster oceans, offshore hubs of trade, and cornerstones of resource collection and processing as a lifeline for inland settlements.

*

appendix

Working Space small

Service offices Service bathroom

50

Working Space large

Service staff areas Service bathroom Working Space small

Public client/visitor

FABRICATION

electronics, computers, wood, sewing, machine shops Occupancy classification F-1/F-2 This use type is fairly consistent across example programs.

The focus of the use type is on working spaces, which are the centers of production. As such, there is a strong emphasis on mechanical systems (ventilation, lighting) to accommodate machinery and fabrication. The spaces are also simultaneously utilized by users, so the environmental conditions must still be tailored to human comfort.

As a whole, this use type requires expansive open areas for Working Spaces, which are seviced by smaller program such as, but not limited to, bathrooms, offices, and staff areas.

The ratio of service spaces is contigent upon the occupanct of the space, not necessarily the dimensional area of the building. Public space is also designated as a welcoming space for clients/visitors, and are usually more traditionally finished spaces for gathering.

CIRCULATION

LIGHT LEVELS

TEMPERATURE

working space

100°F

service

public

process oriented circulation in fabircation use types is centered around a daily process. Going from entry, to task, to accompanying actions within the building, and finally exit.

natural

COMPOSITION

homogenous

uniform

structured

controlled

atmospheric

~70°F

Temperature in the Fabrication use type is to be at human comfort level (70°F) to accomodate workers.

0°F

A strong emphasis on ventilation systems,mostly mechanical, must be applied in working areas.

practical

51

PRECEDENT EXAMPLES

varied BingDing Wood Kiln Factory // AZL architects

PIM2 Jet Engine Maintenance Base // Jean-François Schmit

• Consistent composition • Scale according to product fabricated • Open spaces

Community Sewing Workshop Amairis // RUTA Arquitectura

STORAGE

parking garage, warehouse, data center Service bathroom circulation

52

Storage Space open

Occupancy classification S-1/S-2 The storage use type encompasses a wide range of object-centered architecture. As such, the specifications for this use type are reliant on what is being stored. This manifests itself in a regulated approach to environmental qualities (light, temperature) which follows a purely practical logic. In some cases, these environmental qualities are more nature-based (like temperature regulation in parking garages).

As a whole, regardless of program, the main component is a large, often open, storage space which is serviced mostly by circulation (other services such as bathrooms/utilities are present in certain cases). The storage space is usually double-story, and may or may not have multiple levels.

CIRCULATION

LIGHT LEVELS

TEMPERATURE

storage space

100°F

service

~50°F 0°F

task oriented circulaton in storage use types is based on the completion of a task. The user enters the building, completes the defined task, and then exits.

natural

uniform

atmospheric

In certain cases, the objects stored may necessitate a range of up to 85°F. Storage quarters must be dry, to avoid the decay or unnecessary distress of objects stored.

practical

53

PRECEDENT EXAMPLES

COMPOSITION

homogenous

controlled

Temperature in the Storage use type is to be regulated, with a cooler temperature of 50°F preferred.

structured

varied Lammermarkt Parking Garage // JHK Architecten • Program composition • Varying scales/forms • Consistent circulation

CL Warehouses // VAGA

Warehouse of Time // FT Architects

Service secure, kitchen

Experiental public, cafeteria

Service secure, administrative, mechanical Storage secure, artifacts

Staging/Production secure, restoration, research

MUSEUM

institutional

Gallery choreographed Service public, restrooms, storage Gallery choreographed

54 Flexible Space controlled, event, conference

Service secure, storage Gallery choreographed

Experiental public, retail

Lobby public

Occupancy Classification A-3 Museums are monuments of experience to their subject matter. The public engages with the subject through artfully choreographed interaction with objects and contenct. The administration housed within carry out research, production, restoration and curation. The artifacts themselves are displayed or preserved. Atmospheric spaces are supported by service spaces and experiential spaces of supporting functions.

CIRCULATION

LIGHT LEVELS congregation

TEMPERATURE 100°F

service

~70°F

experiential staging

0°F

storage lobby flexible

ambulatory Whilst choreographed around a thematic experience, public circulation are gien more autonomy and less dictated by time and procedural parameters.

natural

COMPOSITION

homogenous

uniform

structured

controlled

atmospheric

Climate and lighting should balance user experience and narrative, without jeopardising the integrity of arifacts, artwork, and equipment on display. The informal standard of temperature is 70°F +/- 2°F with a relative humidity of 50% +/- 5%. However, consistency is often more important than actual climate levels. Interior climate interfacing with exterior climate at enclosure should be carefully considered to guard against condensation. Lighting can be designed with a sense of artistry and experiential aspirations, however, light sensitivity of displayed materials should be take into account. One standard is 30lux/150lux/300lux for materials of different sensitivities. As this is highly variable, a lighting system of flexiblity and variability across space is prudent.

55

practical

PRECEDENT EXAMPLES

varied

James-Simon-Galerie // David Chipperfield Architects

• • • •

Tacoma Art Museum Benaroya Wing // Olson Kundig

ambulatory procession cores of service program large open spaces for flexible interior partitioning variabiliy of overall form and composition

Mandala Pop-up Digital Art Museum // One Take Architects