Nepal COVID-19 Monthly Update | April 2020




Nepal COVID-19 Monthly Update

April, 2020

TABLE OF CONTENT COVID-19 Monthly Update Key highlights Sta-s-cal Update COVID-19 Cases Tes-ng and Procurement Government Orders Relief Measures Economic Update Evacua-on Other Informa-on

Regional StaAsAcs Expert Speak Educa-on Sector (Mrs. Parikshya Lama) Marke-ng and Adver-sing Sector (Mr. Sekhar CheMri) SME Sector (Mr. Siddhant Raj Pandey) Online Service Delivery (Mr. Nidhaan Shrestha) HandicraQ Industry (Mr. Sunil Chitrakar) Energy Sector (Mr. Kulman Ghising) Business Incuba-on Services (Ms. Bahar kumar) Capital Market (Mr. Nitesh Kumar) E-commerce Sector (Mr. Sodhan Manandhar) Educa-on Sector (Mr. Pavitra Gautam) Construc-on Sector (Mr. Eshwar Raj Joshi) Hospitality Industry (Evoke Café and Bistro) Agriculture Sector (Mr. Appa Sherpa) Educa-on Consultancy (Ms. Lisa Sherchan) Local Governance (Mr. Agni Prasad Adhikari)

Voices from the Ground

NEPAL COVID-19 MONTHLY UPDATE | APRIL 2020

KEY HIGHLIGHTS • • •

Nepal quickly entered the third stage of COVID-19 transmission by April-end from having imported cases only in the first week of April.

The naAonwide lockdown was extended to May 7 in three-phase announcements and the ban on internaAonal flights was extended to 15 May. Nepal’s economic growth is projected to slump down to 1.5% to 2.8%.Likewise, remi]ance, which is the key to balancing the trade deficit and crucial to keep the economy running is expected to drop by 14%.

STATISTICAL UPDATE As of 1 May 2020

Total PCR tests

12,577

Total posiAve cases

59

Total recovered cases

16

COVID-19 Cases •

AQer the first case observed in Nepal on 23 January, there were 57 reported cases by the end of April.

•

On 4 April, the first case of local transmission was observed in Sudurpaschim province with which Nepal entered the second stage of coronavirus transmission.

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Province 1 is the most affected region of Nepal with 31 cases reported by the end of April followed

by Province 2 with 16 cases, Bagma- Province with 13 cases, Sudurpaschim Province with 9 cases, and Gandaki Province with four cases. By the end of April, there were no reported cases in Karnali Province and Province 5.

•

As many as 49 Nepalis staying abroad in 24 foreign countries have died and 1,983 have been inflicted with COVID-19 across the Nepali diaspora outside Nepal. Out of the 49 deaths, 33 cases were observed in the United Kingdom, and out of the inflicted cases, 1,000 cases have been observed in the United States.

TesAng and Procurement •

The first two lots of medical equipment were procured on 29 March and on 03 April from China.

The distribu-on of rapid tes-ng kits that were procured by the government was halted to test its efficacy, however, given the urgency of the situa-on, the government decided to send the kits to all provinces. Thus, there are currently 14 tes-ng facili-es opera-ng all over Nepal.

•

As of 30 April, 12,011 tests have been performed via Polymerase Chain Reac-on Test and 46,860 cases have been tested using Rapid Diagnos-c Test.

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The Ministry of Health and Popula-on canceled its deal with Omni Business Corporate Interna-onal aQer the company failed in mee-ng its deadline while delivering the required consignments. AQer the cancella-on of the deal, the government ini-ated a new process through the Embassy of Nepal in Beijing to procure medical supplies through a Government-to-Government agreement.

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Nepal Army approached the Chinese and Indian Government to finalize the supply of essen-al medicines and equipment aQer it had received a leMer from the Ministry of Defense to move ahead with the procurement. The Army thus signed a procurement agreement with the Chinese government agency to purchase 342 tons of medical supplies worth NPR 2.25 billion (USD 18.44 million). However, the government’s decision to bring in the Nepal Army to procure medical equipment has been highly cri-cized.

•

Xizang Autonomous Region of China donated medical supplies to Nepal including 10,000 N95 masks, 10,000 PPEs, 1,000 infrared thermometers, 2 PCR machines, 20,000 tes-ng kits, and 50 boxes of disinfectant wet wipes to combat the pandemic.

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The Government of India handed over 22 tonnes of essen-al medicines to Nepal including 320,000 doses of paracetamol and 250,000 doses of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 relief.

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The government signed an agreement with three private companies - Om Surgical, Hamro Medi Concern, and Lumbini Health Care - to buy medical equipment to combat COVID-19.

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The government listed 111 hospitals across the country, which shall provide treatment to the pa-ents confirmed of coronavirus infec-on or those suspected of it. It includes both governmentrun and private facili-es.

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Nepali private sector has been impor-ng essen-al medical supplies from China but due to the controversy rela-ng to customs duty excep-on, goods are stuck at the airport.

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The District Health Office at Saptari noted that it would no longer be conduc-ng rapid an-body tests on people entering the district as they have run short of rapid diagnos-c test kits for surveillance of suspected coronavirus pa-ents. Similarly, the Ministry of Health and Popula-on has started the process to purchase addi-onal 100,000 RDT kits through fast track procedures, as their demand is very high.

•

The short supply of medical tools and supplementary equipment required to collect swabs and process lab tes-ngs slowed the tes-ng process in Karnali. The government of Karnali Province has thus purchased two real--me polymerase chain reac-on machines today to expedite tes-ng. The machines are expected to be installed at the Provincial Hospital in Birendranagar and Jumla-based Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS).

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Mahakali Hospital in Sudurpaschim Province decided to end their contract with a private supplier company - RG suppliers aQer the laMer was found supplying old and expired medical tools, equipment, and gears that are needed to treat Covid-19 pa-ents.

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The government sent 33 residen-al doctors to Sudhurpaschim Province using a chartered flight.

The doctors were sent to various loca-ons within the province.

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The Public Accounts CommiMee has ini-ated the process to inves-gate the irregulari-es in the procurement of medical supplies by the government to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

Government Orders •

The na-onwide lockdown that began on 24 March has been extended un-l 7 May. This extension was done in four phases with one week of extension in the first three phases and 10 days of extension in the last phase. Likewise, the ban on interna-onal flights that were imposed un-l 08 April has been extended to 15 May in a similar phase-wise extension.

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The High-Level Coordina-on CommiMee established the COVID-19 Crisis Management Center, which is responsible to conduct ac-vi-es for the preven-on, control, and treatment of COVID-19 and monitor the supply of health-related goods and services.

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Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli addressed the na-on on 7 April for the first -me aQer the onset of the virus and shared the updates of COVID-19 in Nepal and steps taken by the government to contain its spread.

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The Ministry of Finance barred all government ins-tu-ons from spending other than the urgent budgets to make funds available for comba-ng the COVID-19. In the circular, the Ministry men-oned 14 areas under which budget expenditure has been halted.

•

The government postponed the final examina-on of Grades 11 and 12 un-l further no-ce.

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The Minister of Educa-on, Science, and Technology directed the Secretary of Educa-on to understand the situa-on of Nepali students in Australia aQer the Australian government asked the foreign students to return to their home countries due to the coronavirus pandemic.

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The government issued safety guidelines for people who are involved in clearing the goods from the point of entry from border to customs clearance. Decontamina-on of trucks carrying goods, use of gloves, masks, and other safety equipment, and observing social distance are some of the measures outlined in the guidelines.

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Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli directed all respec-ve par-es to keep all movements fully shut, besides urgent movements. He also directed respec-ve par-es to manage the food for the people who are walking to their districts due to the lack of food at their current place.

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As per the new “COVID and other Health Service Delivery Interim Direc-ve – 2076”, an addi-onal 16 private hospitals in Kathmandu valley have been listed to run COVID-Clinics.

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The high-level commiMee mee-ng has decided not to cut down on the salary of health workers and security personnel for genera-ng funds for the country’s COVID-19 response.

Relief Measures •

A cabinet mee-ng held at the Prime Minister’s residence, on 29 March unveiled a series of financial relief measures to address the social and economic crisis amidst the fear of the lockdown. The decisions of the cabinet included discounts on various bills (including electricity, telephone charges, school fees, and house rents), extra tax filing -me, insurance for health workers and security personnel, a ban on import of luxury vehicles, and foreign debts.

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Nepal Rastra Bank announced relief measures including rescheduling the loan repayments and priori-zing refinancing facili-es for small and medium enterprises for businesses affected by the pandemic.

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Pokhara Metropolitan City announced a relief fund package of NPR 20 million targe-ng the poor and daily wage earners.

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Province 2 rolled out a food relief plan whereby rural municipali-es will be provided NPR 1 million, while municipali-es, sub-metropolitan ci-es, and metropolitan ci-es will receive NPR 1.5 million, NPR 2 million, and NPR 2.5 million respec-vely to provide food items to the poor and vulnerable households.

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Bagma- Province topped up its fund created to control COVID-19 by NPR 400 million. The size of the fund now stands at NPR 500 million.

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The World Bank approved a fast track USD 29 million COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project to help Nepal prevent, detect, and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and strengthen its public health preparedness.

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Province 1 government decided to provide NPR 5 million (as encouragement allowance) to the families of medical workers and other first responders who may encounter fatali-es while providing medical treatment to coronavirus infected pa-ents.

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In a message delivered to the na-on on the occasion of Nepali New Year 2077 BS, Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli men-oned that his salary will be deposited in the government’s corona control fund un-l the end of the pandemic.

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The District Administra-on Office in Dang banned individuals and private organiza-ons from distribu-ng relief materials during the lockdown in the account that some organiza-ons and individuals were found distribu-ng relief items for publicity.

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Few NGOs and INGOs have secured approval from the Social Welfare Council to import health equipment and conduct relief measures. Previously the Council had granted NGOs with the permission to divert 20 percent of their budget to carry out ac-vi-es regarding the preven-on and control of COVID-19.

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Province 2 government decided to provide NPR 5 million to the families of medical workers and other first responders, in case of a loss of life, while providing medical treatment to coronavirus infected pa-ents.

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The Ministry of Educa-on, Science, and Technology decided to allocate NPR 70 million to start prepara-ons for online classes across the na-on. The move is aimed at benefiong seven and a half million students (at secondary and university level) who have been deprived of educa-on due to the lockdown.

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Nepal Dairy Associa-on urged for relief measures for dairy industrialists and farmers as the sales of dairy products have dipped by 70 percent and products worth NPR 5 billion remains unsold amidst the lockdown.

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Nine Nepali ambassadors who are deployed in various European countries have decided to donate their one month's salary to the fund created by the Government of Nepal to combat the coronavirus outbreak.

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Kathmandu Metropolitan City and the United Ambulance Drivers Associa-on Nepal reached an agreement that with financial assistance from the metropolitan, five ambulances will provide free service round the clock for pa-ents suffering from a heart aMack and kidney problem, among other serious health issues.

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The European Union is offering an aid package of NPR 9.8 billion (75 million euros) to Nepal to tackle the COVID-19 crisis and mi-gate its impact. The support combines redirec-ng exis-ng commitments with new funds, granted in the form of budget support to allow the government direct and swiQ access to this financing.

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The government of Gandaki Province declared to provide health insurance worth NPR 3 million per person to health workers involved in the treatment of COVID-19.

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Province 5 government announced that it will take the responsibility of managing the food and lodging for the people who have entered the province walking to go to their home. The government will also further assist them to reach their des-na-ons.

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Province 1 government is preparing to help people from their province stranded in various parts of the country to reach home. Addi-onally, they are also arranging for people from other provinces stuck in Province 1.

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Although Province 5 government released a budget of NPR 130 million to all 109 local governments to curb the spread of COVID-19 and provide relief to the affected people amidst the lockdown, health offices have not received coronavirus budget so far. Due to the shortage of budget, health offices are struggling to mobilize employees.

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Ncell Pvt. Ltd. announced pay later offer with 250 MB data, 25 minutes on-net talk -me, and 25 onnet SMS service bundled pack during the lockdown period. Customers can subscribe to the pack at NPR 5 and pay the charge later.

Economic Updates •

The government decided to divert NPR 136 billion from its annual budget allocated under 14 headings such as land acquisi-on, vehicle procurement, and events to combat coronavirus effects and treat the infected.

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The daily power distribu-on of electricity dropped by 30% to 14,000 MWh per day since the country underwent lockdown amoun-ng to an expected loss of around NPR 2 billion to the Nepal Electricity Authority.

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The government had targeted an economic growth rate of 8.5% this fiscal year. However, as per the World Bank, the pandemic may push Nepal’s economic growth down to 1.5% to 2.8%.

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Nepal and 24 other countries will receive debt relief from the Interna-onal Monetary Fund for six months as part of its response to help address the economic crisis caused by the pandemic.

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The Department of Inland Revenue recorded a 67% loss in its revenue collec-on due to the na-onwide lockdown. The department was able to collect NPR 12 billion as compared to its expected revenue collec-on of NPR 67 billion last month.

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In the Rupandehi district, the dairy farmers have begun distribu-ng milk to the consumers free because of the failure to supply it to other markets amidst the travel restric-ons.

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Following the lockdown, the Tribhuvan Interna-onal Airport has been facing a loss of around NPR 250 million in its revenues every day.

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Some of the industries within the Pokhara Industrial Estate have started their opera-ons. Out of the 73 factories in the estate, 27 are opera-ng from 8% to 50% of their capacity.

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The Central Bureau of Sta-s-cs has forecasted Nepal’s growth at 2.27% for FY2077/78 amidst the impact of the pandemic on the economy.

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RemiMance to Nepal is expected to drop by 14% as Nepal stands to lose around NPR 145 billion this year in remiMance. Many Nepalis are expected to return home aQer losing their jobs as economies all across the world have contracted due to the coronavirus crisis.

•

The Na-onal Planning Commission has communicated with various stakeholders to submit their ideas and sugges-ons on how the country can recover the economic loss from the COVID-19 crisis

by May 12. The government is planning to introduce programs according to sugges-ons received from stakeholders in the next year’s annual budget plan.

•

The private sector has demanded the government to bring in a mul--billion-dollar package to revive the economy, which has been weakened by the coronavirus pandemic. They have also suggested the government to bring in relief packages for those who have lost their jobs due to the closure of industries and businesses.

EvacuaAon •

On the request of the German government, 305 foreigners were evacuated from Nepal on 27 March. Likewise, the US Embassy in Kathmandu chartered a Qatar Airways flight to evacuate its ci-zens on 30 March.

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Chinese and Australian ci-zens were evacuated to their respec-ve countries on 1 April. Similarly, 536 foreign na-onals were evacuated on 8 April.

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The Nepali and Indian governments agreed to provide food and shelter to hundreds of each other’s ci-zens stranded at the Nepal-India border due to the lockdown as a response to control COVID-19.

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A Nepal Airlines aircraQ, chartered by the Embassy of Brazil in Nepal, airliQed more than 34 Brazilians to Delhi on 15 April from where they will be airliQed to Brazil.

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18 Maldivians who were stranded in Nepal due to the ongoing lockdown were evacuated by chartering the Nepal Airlines A320 narrow-body airplane on 19 April.

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On 20 April, 110 Russian na-onals who were stranded in Nepal due to the lockdown have been evacuated through a Royal Flight AircraQ sent by the Russian government.

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The Sri Lankan government flew 73 Sri Lankan students who were studying in Nepal by a chartered air flight on 24 April.

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Nepal Airlines flew to Seoul on 30 April carrying Nepalese who came to Nepal for holidays and Nepalese who were granted a visa but were unable to go to Korea due to the outbreak of COVID-19.

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Biratnagar Metropolitan City sent 160 people to Kathmandu, who had been stranded in Biratnagar due to the lockdown, by hiring seven buses. However, Kathmandu’s Chief District Officer mandated the return of the passengers due to the failure of the local government in Biratnagar to coordinate with concerned bodies in Kathmandu.

Other InformaAon •

Visit Nepal 2020 campaign, 3rd Interna-onal Buddhist Fes-val, and the 2,564th Annual Buddhist Jayan- Event were all called off in light of the increasing coronavirus cases across the na-on.

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Series of video conferences were held between the execu-ve heads and legisla-ve heads of the federal and provincial governments to discuss the preparedness to tackle the pandemic.

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Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli on Friday discussed challenges raised by COVID-19 with his Indian counterpart Narendra Modi and stressed on the need to keep the supply chain intact. Agreeing for a collabora-ve effort, they further stressed the need to look aQer the ci-zens stranded in each other’s country.

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The Chinese government agreed to reopen the Zhangmu-Tatopani border point for one-way cross border movement of goods, while the Kerung-Rasuwagadhi border point is unlikely to reopen soon.

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The Supreme Court issued instruc-ons to private hospitals to ensure the facili-es are available to treat COVID-19 infected pa-ents. This step was taken amidst reports that private hospitals of the country have been denying treatment to the pa-ents suspected of coronavirus infec-on.

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The Minister of Home Affairs launched a new web-portal to provide all kinds of data related to COVID-19. It also introduced a new mobile applica-on that will track real--me informa-on about people at quaran-ne.

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Upon the orders of the Supreme Court, 305 prisoners from across the country have been released during the lockdown. Likewise, 421 prisoners were released from various deten-on centers across the country.

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The Supreme Court of Nepal appealed to the government to rescue and bring back domes-c migrant workers who are currently sta-oned and residing at high-risk COVID-19 hotspots around the globe.

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The government developed an online plauorm to sell essen-al food items. The Food Management and Trading Company Limited, which is owned by the government takes orders online from the customers and delivers accordingly. The Company sold 7,200 kilograms of food grains in the first two weeks.

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The Nepal Tourism Board has begun a survey to assess the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the country’s tourism and other related sectors.

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Tribhuvan University postponed all examina-ons scheduled from mid-April to mid-June in light of the pandemic. The University also issued a guideline for conduc-ng online classes by assigning respec-ve subject teachers as the hosts of online classes.

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The government requested Muslim ci-zens to avoid gatherings and not to pray in mass during Ramadan, which started on 23 April. The issue was discussed with the Muslim commission as well.

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Defying the na-onwide lockdown enforced by the government, thousands of locals gathered to celebrate a fes-val, Banni Ki Chaitali, in a rural municipality of Bajhang district on 6 April 2020. The deputy chair of the rural municipality had decided not to go ahead with the fes-val on 30 March; however, the locals did not comply with it.

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To ensure stringent lockdown measures, the Syangja administra-on took dras-c steps to curtail movement between provinces and districts by placing barbed wire posts along the Siddhartha Highway.

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Over 200 Nepali ci-zens are living in Indian border towns of Galgaliya, Pani Tanki, and Naxalbari bordering Eastern Nepal wai-ng to return home to Nepal.

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At least 12 people were injured on Wednesday when a clash occurred in Bindabasini village of Birgunj, where the government was distribu-ng its COVID-19 food relief package which included rice, len-ls, potatoes, salt and cooking oil for the villagers.

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24 people who were placed under quaran-ne in a rural municipality in Rupandehi district leQ the facility ci-ng a lack of food and appropriate accommoda-on. They had returned to Nepal from various parts of India.

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Residents from ward number 14 of Birgunj Metropolitan City, who had received relief food packages from the provincial government have complained of receiving low-quality food products as the distributed products came without any expira-on date and other necessary details.

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Amidst the suspension of flights to curb the spread of the virus, Nepal’s only interna-onal airport has taken the opportunity to construct a new departure hall at its interna-onal terminal.

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Various parliamentary commiMees have gradually started resuming work aQer a long break post lockdown.

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Elementary schools falling under the jurisdic-on of the Pokhara Metropolitan CommiMee have been advised to suspend online classes aQer receiving numerous complaints from students regarding technical difficul-es while aMending lectures online.

Regional Statistics

Total cases in the region

64,270

Mortality rate

2.79%

Recovery rate

21.88%

Source: Worldometer (As of 1 May 2020, 13:27 GMT)

 

 

Expert Speak Insights from industry expert and pracAAoners to understand their perspecAve on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their respecAve industry.

Expert Speak: Education Sector

The outbreak of the deadly virus has certainly brought a huge impact on the lives of every creature dwelling on this planet. What was taken by many in a light manner has slowly but steadily grasped each one in a lethal dose of its contents.

Effect of COVID-19 on the sector As an educator, life has come to a crippling halt. The hopes and aspira-ons of the students, teachers as well as the parents have come to a silencing stands-ll. On the verge of all ins-tu-ons well prepared for their final academic promo-on examina-ons and especially with the much-awaited Board Examina-ons of the SEE 2076, there came an alarming wave of postponing all examina-ons and shuong down all educa-onal ins-tu-ons. It followed by the closure of everything that we were so habituated to; normal life itself came to a stands-ll. An ins-tu-on such as a school holds many responsibili-es. The empty classrooms denote a huge loss of -me and knowledge.

This pandemic will now have a chain effect on the educa-on system. The school examina-ons along with the SEE 2076 have been postponed indefinitely. This means that the school calendar has already shiQed about 1.5 months further. As examina-ons and promo-on of students to higher grades are postponed, the admission process is also expected to face a delay. This will put immense pressure on the students and the teachers to complete the s-pulated curriculum in a given shortened academic calendar.

Challenges for Schools A cause of concern for par-cularly the private schools would be to cover the cost of opera-on during the lockdown period. Many private schools opera-ng on rented land and building s-ll would have to pay their monthly installments, taxes, u-lity bills and even teachers’ salary. Furthermore, the direc-ve by the government to not collect a month’s fees from the guardians will definitely impact schools’ income which makes covering the opera-onal costs difficult. The government should provide relief measures such as tax breaks, subsidies on land and building rents, teachers’ salary and u-li-es to support private educa-onal ins-tu-ons.

The educa-on sector in Nepal and indeed throughout the world will face challenging -mes ahead due to the ongoing pandemic. Private schools and colleges would face addi-onal difficul-es due to the lack of support that it receives from the government in Nepal. Addi-onally, students and teachers will face equal academic pressure that could possibly affect their performance. With the economy dwindling, the death toll rising and the very fact that each day the pandemic is s-ll on the rise brings a lot of uncertainty, even in the educa-on sector.

The above expert speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mrs. Parikshya Lama. She works at Gautam School in Birgunj.

Expert Speak: Marketing and Advertising Sector

How has this current lockdown affected your work?

Feels like playing “statue” eagerly wai-ng for someone to play the music soon. If the lockdown con-nues for another month, we will get into the off-season with Monsoon and then Dashain. Being a service industry, HR cost is almost 85% per cent of our opera-ng expense. Looks like it will be difficult to hold the fort un-l and unless we get lucky with a great project to rescue us.

With physical distancing, when you have much higher consumer a]enAon span – have clients not taken this opportunity to adverAse more?

Digitaliza-on has provided a plauorm as an opportunity to maintain their brand relevancy, but only select clients invested in it. So work-wise WFH (work from home) also becomes very limited and we are more deprived of internet speed from the ISPs, none of them is giving reliable internet service. Therefore, whatever liMle work we had we are not being able to do properly.

Have businesses benefited from the high use of social media and TV Ame? What about print media?

The Social Media Generic content was so huge, local communica-on is not being felt. On the other hand, print media failed majorly to maintain their readership due to hygienic reason.

Newer delivery and essenAal supplies are adverAsing on social media – are these legal operators or just temporary?

SuperStore aMempted to go online without proper homework or backend support and now they are not able to keep up with the number of demands. They should have collaborated and made the service more effec-ve. Moreover, the service was not launched in a proper way as using the service of key opinion leaders (KOL) will not help to establish unless the public maintains the same speed.

This lockdown has definitely given all of us a good learning ground in terms of BCP (business con-nuity planning) in the future and maybe with proper communica-on logis-c support, we can opt for WFH as a permanent solu-on where every individual team members become an SBU (strategic business unit). We can save the cost of maintaining a physical office.

This above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Sekhar Che]ri. He is a MarkeAng & AdverAsing Consultants at V-Chitra AdverAsing.

Expert Speak: SME Sector

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about an unprecedented global phenomenon that has affected the health of the people and subsequently economies across the world. As the outbreak con-nues to spread, businesses have been hit hard as they have been forced to halt their opera-ons due to control measures including lockdowns adopted by their respec-ve governments.

To understand the impact of the current situa-on on the economy and business environment, Mr. Siddhant Pandey, Chairman/MD of Business Oxygen (Bo2) provided NEF with valuable insights on per-nent issues and Bo2’s interven-on as found below on a brief note.

Overall economic situaAon In terms of the overall condi-on of the economy, Mr. Pandey highlighted that the current pandemic has created mayhem in the domes-c market. The impacts have not only been sector specific but on the en-re value chain. Making maMers worse for Nepal is her reliance on imports, as interrup-ons on the supply of raw materials and components are further exacerba-ng the problem. Furthermore, disrup-ons in agriculture and tourism sector has also been felt due to the lack of chemical fer-lizers and cancella-ons from foreign tourists respec-vely. Local restaurants and businesses have neither fared beMer as they have been forced to shut down due to the lockdown.

Effect on SMEs SMEs have been severely impacted because of the current quagmire. Mr. Pandey stressed that SMEs have had to endure shortages of cash while reeling through high account receivables. Moreover, smalls firms are also grappling with issues surrounding working capital, incapacity to repay loans, shortage of human resource and demand and supply constraints.

Bo2 intervenAon Concerning Bo2’s interven-on on the current situa-on, Mr. Pandey pointed out that his firm is working to manage and minimize its impact on the workforce. The firm endeavours to achieve this by managing expenses and opera-onal risks. Furthermore, he also stated that the firm would assess their balance sheet to provide extra equity or source intermediate loans from local banks so the workforce can get through their difficulty. Mr. Pandey also emphasized that business plan would be re-assessed from here on and downsizing would be considered. However, his firm is geong ready to commence opera-ons once the lockdown is liQed. Finally, he also suggested the capable companies to stay relevant by engaging themselves in CSR ac-vi-es and provide pro-bono services to their community.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Siddhant Raj Pandey. He is the CEO of Business Oxygen Pvt Ltd., a company that help entrepreneurs running Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to scale up their operaAons by injecAng equity and providing technical assistance.

Expert Speak: Online Service Delivery

COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent control measures such as lockdowns imposed by the government authori-es has caused severe impact on businesses of all shapes and sizes. To understand the impact of the current situa-on on businesses involved in online service delivery, Mr. Nidhaan Shrestha from Foodmandu shared with NEF about how the current situa-on has impacted the business and the opportuni-es and challenges that lay ahead in the future.

Current business situaAon Foodmandu for the past 10 years has and is the pioneer and leading on-demand food delivery plauorm in Nepal, delivering food from its 500+ partner restaurants through its 150+ delivery fleet. With COVID-19 pandemic, all businesses locally and globally have taken a hit, and that has not spared us as well. Our fundamental business modality has taken a hit, but that has not stopped us in spirit to keep serving our customers. We have been able to pivot the business model to launch a new ver-cal brand ‘Foodmandu Fresh’ serving fresh grocery (vegetables, fruits, meat, bakery and eggs). We see this as a challenge we need to overcome all the while also as an opportunity to enhance customer experience and fulfill customer demand all the while going through a steep learning curve. We have been able to transi-on for Foodmandu Fresh from our fundamental business model of two-wheeler delivery to four-wheeler delivery, on-demand delivery to scheduled delivery, from cooked food delivery to pre-cooked and fresh food delivery through quick itera-on and pivots on exis-ng infrastructure and logis-cs to makeshiQ fulfillment centres while also ensuring safety and hygiene standards. The past two weeks have been an intensely improvised, adap-ve and steep learning experience.

Impact on the business From delivering up to 1200 orders per day, we now are able to fulfill only 7-10% of those past numbers in a day. We have been learning more about the efficiency of this model. We have always run a zero inventory model. We con-nue to do so and have been quick to grasp and adapt to the tricks of the trade while covering 100s of SKUs (stock keeping unit) through our make-shiQ fulfillment centre and a work from home modeled call center, thus engaging a minimum number of employees on the ground genera-ng op-mum output.

The COVID-19 pandemic definitely impacts us financially and reduces our financial runway (like everyone else’s). All the while in such a crisis, it is important now than ever to actually mo-vate our employees and keep con-nuous touch with our 500+ partners to keep their spirits strong and have requisite planning -me to take off as soon as the curve flaMens OpportuniAes and challenges being faced to run the business OpportuniAes: •

Introspec-on into the SWOT of the company – a good opportunity to ‘Get your house in order’

•

A steep learning experience with our new ver-cal for expected con-nuity post the COVID-19 phase

•

Opportunity to re-define company direc-on with interac-on with the board to tread strongly and exponen-ally in these changing -mes

•

The country has now had firsthand inescapable experience with respect to remote working, online purchases and digital payments. This experience we believe will enable beMer awareness and push business strongly towards the internet space.

Challenges: •

Exo-system support to provide businesses with some respite (financially and non-finance)

•

Keeping the team engaged and mo-vated

•

Staying afloat

•

Supply chain management

•

Opera-onal challenges to expand services given limited resources (Human and Infrastructure)

Future and some of the key areas that need to be addressed immediately Businesses like ours are a part of the growing startup ecosystem of the na-on. Till date, we have been working on a stand-alone basis to prove ourselves regarding the validity and the poten-al of our model.

We have witnessed black swan events in 2015 (earthquake) and 2016 (blockade) and have overcome those to grow stronger and weather new challenges thrown to us -me and again. We do believe that this phase too shall pass and the ones surviving this will grow stronger and tougher. I personally believe that businesses in Nepal need to formulate a more collabora-ve approach towards progress with a more coope--ve spirit. The pie we all have been chasing only grows bigger together.

Exo-system support as I men-oned earlier, is what the community needs. It is high -me, we work on a startup policy of Nepal with a mirrored yet customized approach that is exis-ng in India and other developed countries. Collabora-on on how start-ups can be engaged with the government and public bodies to enable improved ecosystem and business and the technological environment will need special focus.

Lastly, with increased awareness and experience during this pandemic regarding online businesses, we will definitely see an outpour of SMEs joining the bandwagon. In such -mes, it would be important to enable and provide informa-on to SME businesses earlier opera-ng offline on the nuances and opera-onal aspects of online businesses. This will enable incorpora-on of a more exhaus-ve ecosystem approach rather than a historic parasi-c mushrooming perspec-ve.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Nidhaan Shrestha. He is the CEO of Foodmandu and Investment Manager at True North Associates.

Expert Speak: Handicraft Industry

As the outbreak of Covid-19 con-nues to spread, businesses con-nue to suffer exponen-ally. Businesses of all sizes have taken a hit as lockdowns have brought a grinding halt to produc-on and services.

HandicraQ industry, which is an important sector in Nepal’s economy, has too suffered deeply. NEF tried to understand the impact of the current crisis on the handicraQ industry of Nepal from the perspec-ve of Mr. Sunil Chitrakar and prepared a brief note as below.

Impact of Covid-19 on the handicraj industry (domesAc and internaAonal market) The impact of Covid-19 is huge. It has already sent shockwaves across the economy and handicraQ sector has been hit hard. Orders have been cancelled and retails have closed. Furthermore, produc-on and shipments have been halted. As most of the handicraQ businesses are SMEs, their immediate cash flows have dried due to the cancella-on of export orders. These enterprises do not have cash to pay their current labour or to their suppliers who are also small producers themselves.

Closure of retails in impor-ng countries such as USA, Europe, Asia Pacific region and China will have a direct impact on Nepalese handicraQ exports in the coming days. As those retailers lose their business in Easter holiday season, all goods stay in their stores and thus eventually there will not be any order coming in for the rest of this year and the next. Many businesses will be bankrupt, which eventually will affect Nepalese exporters. The export of handicraQ is expected to decline by 50% by the end of this fiscal year.

Post Covid-19 pandemic recovery will be difficult for small enterprises, as they will lose a significant por-on of their business, which will force them to close down and/or downsize their businesses. It eventually will create thousands of unemployment in this sector. Unfortunately, as per our ini-al es-mates the impact of Covid-19 will last at least for the next 3 years.

Measures taken by companies to miAgate/ cope with the impact Due to the sudden and massive nature of the pandemic, nobody was prepared and hence has taken businesses by surprise. Due to lockdown, all the industries and businesses are closed. The best thing companies are doing is keeping their people safe by keeping them at home. Some have been engaged in social media campaign to create awareness on Covid-19. Online networking and discussion have taken place to assess the present damage and propose collec-ve ac-on to cope with the challenge. We will need to wait and see how all the stakeholders come together and face this crisis.

Coping mechanisms adopted by suppliers (MSMEs) As handicraQ sector is predominated by MSMEs, the impact of Covid-19 is severe. They work with small cash flows. As retails closed, orders cancelled, and shipments halted, they are struggling to pay their workers/staffs, pay their suppliers/ creditors and even pay rent and other expenses. The biggest challenge for MSMEs will be aQer lockdown comes to an end, as they will need to pay salary, rent and other expenses and at the same -me have to deal with cancelled order and creditors. This may lead to closure of businesses. We do not know how deep the impact will be as the full blow of Covid-19 is yet to be fully realized.

One intervenAon (silver bullet) to keep this sector afloat post Covid-19 Government must launch a s-mulus plan to save the economy. As most of the Nepalese businesses fall under SME category, Government should give special considera-on for this sector. For SMEs, government should pay at least 50% of wages/ salaries for at least 3 months to help them cope with the financial impact. This will help enterprises to keep their business running and keep employment. Export loans

based on previous years’ transac-on without collateral from corresponding banks with low interest should be provided.

Lessons from current Covid-19, 2015 earthquake and lockdown teaches us to create a sustainable manufacturing sector to subs-tute import. This also applies to handicraQ sector. Domes-c market should be promoted in order to give market for handicraQ industry. The architects and interior designers should think of crea-ng designs u-lizing our own products.

Recovering from current crisis, course of acAon and Ameline and lessons from post-earthquake experience The impact of this pandemic is much deeper and severe than the Earthquake of 2015. During the earthquake, we had global sympathy hence no one cancelled the order rather placed addi-onal orders to support. Now, the whole world has collapsed and no one is in a posi-on to support another. The recovery will be very slow compared to post earthquake and is expected to take at least 3 years to recover. The world has yet to experience post Covid-19 situa-on i.e. possible significant changes in consumer behaviour worldwide. This will have a significant impact on Nepalese export hence; we might need to focus on sustainable products and designs. Hence, we need to invest in innova-ve products, design development and market development.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Sunil Chitrakar. He is the CEO of Mahaguthi- Craj with Conscience.

Expert Speak: Energy Sector

With the Covid-19 pandemic affec-ng economies across the world, all sectors are affected by it and energy/power sector is no excep-on. To understand the impact of the current situa-on on the energy/ power sector and the ongoing mega-projects in Nepal, Mr. Kulman Ghising, Managing Director of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) provided NEF with valuable insights on the per-nent issues and NEA’s efforts in managing them.

How is NEA managing their work amidst the lockdown?

We need to consistently provide-services daily from cri-cal areas. Our power plants are located in very sensi-ve areas with specialized staffs who are working 24-hours in shiQs. It becomes very important to protect them and not let them be exposed. For this reason, we ini-ated a lockdown in such cri-cal areas even before the government announced a lockdown on the whole country. Currently, staffs who are inside cannot go outside, and no one from the outside can go inside. In such a way, we have managed to run our genera-on plants efficiently. We also have places like the load dispatch centre from where we monitor and manage our supply to the whole country. Here, our engineers have taken the responsibility to operate it.

They are managing their shiQs by themselves and no one from the outside is allowed to go in. For the staffs who need to go to work in the frontline for maintenance, we have managed by calling them as per the requirement. However, we do have a 24-hours no-light service.

How is NEA addressing the concerns of their frontline staffs?

For the staffs who need to work in the frontline, we are giving them an addi-onal 50% of their salary as an incen-ve. This is in addi-on to the regular incen-ves and the regular over-me payments. We have also managed all necessary items such as masks, gloves and sani-zers for them, and even some PPEs, if they need to go into chronic areas or hospitals where coronavirus pa-ents are being treated.

How has the lockdown affected NEA’s revenue collecAon? NEA is an organiza-on, which runs through collec-ons. However, since there are no meter readings being done now, there is no billing, and therefore, there are no payments. Currently, we are encouraging online payments, but we have not been able to collect revenues in a way in which we should have. Before the lockdown, we used to collect around NPR 6 billion on a monthly basis, but we have not been able to do so aQer the lockdown. Now, we are billing our household customers for up to Falgun, while we are op-ng to adjust the rest later.

How is the lockdown affecAng the construcAon of hydropower projects and transmission lines?

This is a peak -me for the fiscal year where a lot of work used to happen. Construc-on of exis-ng hydropower plants and transmission lines are very affected whereas new projects are set to be delayed.

However, in limited projects such as the Upper Tamakoshi project where 500 to 1,000 workers are working, we have managed to keep it running. Hydropower projects are oQen placed in isolated areas, so it has been easier to keep such projects running. Nevertheless, we were planning on bringing around 1,000 MW from the Independent Power Producers (IPPs), but now it seems only 350 MW is possible.

If private sector projects are delayed, their costs increases – has NEA planned any relief packages for them?

NEA only does the power purchase agreement and buys power from them. Regarding the interests and penal-es, the government has already announced their packages. What we can do in the future is not penalize them and also give them extensions if they are not able to complete their projects as per the

required commercial opera-on date. For now, NEA has been paying the IPPs 50% of their bills even though NEA has not been able to collect the revenues.

Has NEA done any further planning incase the lockdown gets further extended?
 For the lockdown period, we are giving 25% o to the household consumers for the month of Chaitra.

There will be no penal-es if the payments are delayed, even un-l the end of Baishak. Further packages will depend upon how long the lockdown is extended. Right now, we are focusing on s-mula-ng the demand.

As our produc-on is increasing, we need to s-mulate the demand or else it will have a very nega-ve impact on the overall sector.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Kulman Ghising. He is the Managing Director of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA).

Expert Speak: Business Incubation Services

As the coronavirus pandemic is shaking the whole globe, developing na-ons like Nepal are taking a harder hit due to its weak social and financial structure and its unpreparedness in providing healthcare facili-es.

In this light, the impact of a crippling economy is becoming visible on vibrant incuba-on centres. As the pandemic intensifies, many innova-ve hubs are being forced to close their doors, lay off their staffs, and change their mode of opera-ons in the face of the market reality. To beMer understand the impact of the pandemic on incuba-on centres, Ms. Bahar Kumar, Strategic Advisor and Execu-ve Director at Nepal Communitere shared with NEF about how the current situa-on has affected the business and the opportuni-es and challenges that lay ahead in the future.

Delivery of incubaAon services During these trying -es, Nepal Communitere (NC) is determined to provide its clients incuba-on and handholding services through various digital plauorms. NC has been conduc-ng daily ac-vi-es via phone calls and other online plauorms to implement the Butwal I-Cube business incuba-on program. Bahar also highlighted that they have been sourcing local companies and coaching the Butwal I-Cube team to adapt the implementa-on of the program during the pandemic. Moreover, her team is also researching and analyzing unique gaps that may arise in this process while focusing on building and managing local partnerships and developing a robust virtual curriculum.

Effects on incubaAon services Talking about the impact on the incuba-on centre, Bahar pointed out the low morale and discouragement among entrepreneurs. Many of the entrepreneurs are concerned about business sustainability and the need to take harsh decisions regarding staff reten-on and layoffs. Furthermore, the impact of the current situa-on on the overall incuba-on services in Butwal is yet to be seen. Bahar also shed some light on the opportuni-es and the challenges arising out of the current situa-on as men-oned below.

OpportuniAes •

Job crea-on for the locals – hiring local business coaches

•

Building local capacity to run incubators, suppor-ng Butwal Chamber of Commerce to develop an incuba-on centre

•

Using business incuba-on as a way to support startups to adapt and build resilience during this economic crisis

•

Designing a virtual business incuba-on program and being able to design and prototype new ways of providing business support services

Challenges •

Running a virtual cohort – ensuring the digital divide does not impair access to business incuba-on

•

Working with our donor partners to adapt ac-vi-es without compromising quality

•

Sourcing quality startups that remain highly commiMed to their businesses during this crisis

•

Developing and maintaining trust and rela-onships with our entrepreneurs via the web

•

Staying mo-vated as a team in the face of compe-ng priori-es

Way ahead for Nepal Communitere Analyzing the current economic downfall, Bahar reflected on how Nepal Communitere is working towards delivering services amidst the pandemic. They have been hiring business coaches and a coordinator to create job opportuni-es at the local level along with leveraging exis-ng community assets to provide quality business support services to local entrepreneurs. Likewise, NC is developing an entrepreneurship community in Butwal, understanding that sustainability lies in strengthening the local ecosystem.

However, she also emphasized the challenges that lie ahead for incuba-on centres as there will be compe-ng priori-es following the COVID-19 crisis and poten-ally a lack of resources to support this valuable work. But so far, she’s been surprised with the commitment from the local team and how quickly they have jumped on virtual communica-on plauorms to adopt and prac-ce new digital skills. What we assumed would be a barrier to rela-onship-building has actually maintained a high level of engagement among team members. Our hope is that we can do the same when we launch the I-Cube program with our entrepreneurs this month.

Lastly, she pointed out that post the pandemic period more banks and financial ins-tu-ons as well as government will need need to serve as a lifeline to viable Nepali startups and support them in reinsta-ng the domes-c economy, as there will be a stark decline in private investment.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Ms. Bahar Kumar. She is the ExecuAve Director at Nepal Communitere.

Expert Speak: Capital Market

COVID-19 has brought the world to a stands-ll and Nepal is no different. In order to limit the spread of the virus, the government locked down the country, which has now already been extended for the third week.

Along with the lockdown, our only bourse, i.e. Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) also halted trading and all related ac-vi-es such as seMlement and clearing of the trades executed earlier. This brings us to the main issue that is even with the widespread outbreak of the virus in many countries, the stock market is s-ll opera-ng but ours is not. This is even aQer NEPSE introduced NEPSE Online Trading System (NOTS) in November 2018.

The problem lies in the hal{earted implementa-on of technologies in our market. In 2007, an automated trading system (NEPSECTS) was introduced, but the seMlement was s-ll manual because a depository was not created which could dematerialize securi-es and assist in seMlement of trades electronically. Even though CDS (Central Depositary System) & Clearing Ltd. was established as a fully owned subsidiary of NEPSE in 2011, it took another 4 years for NEPSE to seMle the executed trades in dematerialized form.

Now, the trading and seMlement systems were both automated (or computerized) but remote access was not possible as both systems ran on specific networks and were hardware dependent.

Finally, in November 2018, NEPSE migrated to NOTS, which would have enabled online access for investors to the trading system that was to be an interna-onal prac-ce. However, this -me around, the system was not connected to the DEMAT accounts of investors nor the bank accounts of investors. Therefore, in this backdrop, the following are some of the key technical reasons that our only secondary market had to shut during the lockdown period; •

Only one DEMAT account of an investor can be mapped to the trading as well as the seMlement system. Hence, an investor who wishes to sell securi-es, which are in a different DP (Depository Par-cipant), will have to provide a Debit Instruc-on Slip (DIS) in physical form to the stockbroker.

•

Limita8ons on the amount that an account holder can transfer online from his/her bank account to and from anyone else’s bank account is defined by the central bank. The current limits provided

by Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) is insufficient for stock market related transac-ons.

•

Calcula8on of Capital Gain Taxes (CGT) is done on a trade to trade basis, and stockbrokers need to manually input the purchase details of customers in order for the system to calculate taxes. In most of the developed markets, CGT is calculated annually when the investor files his/her tax returns.

•

IT Infrastructure at the moment, all the soQware’s related to our capital market, whether it be the online trading plauorm (at least the stockbroker end part) or the seMlement system of CDS, are connected through private networks. This limits the possibility of stock market stakeholders to adopt a ‘work from home’ model for providing their respec-ve services.

•

Low number of online trading investors (only about 20,000 investors) due to various reasons have opened online trading accounts with their stockbrokers in the past 16 months of its introduc-on.

Therefore, if the market were to open during the lockdown and only facilitate online orders, then a very small percentage of investors could trade and benefit.

A person invests in the stock market and takes the risk because one of the major advantages of the stock market is liquidity. It is during these -mes that investors might require emergency funds, but a supposedly

liquid asset has suddenly been rendered illiquid. Moving ahead, this lockdown period will be a revela-on for all the concerned stakeholders to automate the Nepali stock market even further and ensure that the stock market is always open for business.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Nitesh Kumar Agrawal. He is the ExecuAve Chairman of ABC SecuriAes Pvt. Ltd.

Expert Speak: E-commerce Sector

COVID-19 pandemic and the current lockdown has changed the world of businesses, both physical and online. With the mass outbreak in different parts of the world and growing numbers of cases in our country, the opera-on of any form of business has become worrisome. Streets across the country wear a deserted look as mass gatherings have been suspended in view of the coronavirus outbreak.

To understand the impact of the current situa-on in the online business environment, Mr. Sodhan Manandhar, Co-founder of Sastodeal shared his perspec-ves on the current situa-on and prepared a brief note based upon that as below.

State of the business COVID-19 pandemic and the current lockdown has changed the world of commerce.

Sastodeal, which was founded with the vision to bridge the gap faced by physical businesses to reach out to the curious customers by featuring different brands, offers and experiences online, had to pivot to Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) products to stay alive in the business. It had to face a new business climate and change its model depending on the need of the market.

Due to the online nature of the business, including resources such as their website and delivery mechanism, it was easier to deliver the essen-als more efficiently. However, most of the business plans have undoubtedly been affected.

Online deliveries during the crisis Amidst the changing environment and growing digital usage, online deliveries and plauorms are here to stay. Although they were in an upward trajectory even before the current crisis, the form that it has taken can further push for its growth. However, for this to happen, certain issues have to be addressed by the government. For instance, the permit system has to be eased for e-commerce. Earlier, businesses had to go to the CDO and apply at their offices every Monday to aMain the permits. Although the reapplica-on process is no longer required, the system of gaining permits is subject to frequent changes. Addi-onally, the permits gained by delivery personnel aQer fulfilling and abiding by the set process are s-ll ques-oned and oQen stopped. All of this acts as a hindrance to the efficient delivery process for e-commerce.

Furthermore, in light of the situa-on of uncertainty, most of the staffs who can work from home are currently staying indoors and con-nuing to work. However, due to the opera-onal nature of the business and the involvement of delivery personnel, opera-onal staffs and management of Sastodeal oQen have to go to the office on a daily basis. This is an issue of grave concern because the personnel have to be readily available for deliveries and are, thus, exposed to the dangers of the pandemic. Since there has been no support from the government in terms of providing safety measures and equipments to these businesses, they are prac-cally on their own.

To address the safety needs of their delivery personnel, Sastodeal has taken utmost precau-on by providing necessary equipments such as gloves, masks and Personal Protec-ve Equipments (PPEs).

Addi-onally, it has also provided an Employee Essen-als Fund for each employee to buy basic essen-als amidst the pandemic.

Currently, Sastodeal has been making deliveries only inside the valley. They have not been able to serve outside valley since their delivery partners who are opera-ng outside the valley have been closed. For the

deliveries that are done, online payments have increased compared to the past but the mode of payment is s-ll majorly done on a cash basis.

Amidst this, Sastodeal has also been providing dona-ons to traffic police chiefs such as by distribu-ng masks and hand sani-zers. It has been providing essen-als as well as helping in relief distribu-on for different NGOs, INGOs and other companies. Further, it has also been helping the COVID-19 impact fund by contribu-ng NPR 250 per transac-on through IME and 15% of each transac-on through NMB Bank, ParAng thoughts COVID-19 pandemic has presented the e-commerce business with new sets of challenges and new ways to conduct their businesses. At this point, the government has to proac-vely step in to create an enabling environment for the e-commerce business to help conduct its opera-ons -mely and efficiently, which will further aid in addressing the needs of the current day crisis.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Sodhan Manandhar. He is the Co-founder of Sastodeal, an e-commerce company in Nepal.

Expert Speak: Education Sector

As the outbreak of COVID-19 grows and lockdown con-nues, there is no doubt that the economy is in shambles. Along with many other sectors that are reeling due to the ongoing pandemic, the educa-on sector has not been an excep-on. The current situa-on has forced businesses and service providers to adopt new methods of opera-on and the educa-on sector have begun to rejig the way they operate as well. In this vein, NEF made an effort to understand the current situa-on beMer from the perspec-ve of Pavitra Gautam, CEO at Karkhana and prepared a brief excerpt.

Current situaAon Karkhana has been trying to adapt to the current situa-on. We are now organizing webinars and online meets with school leaders to support them. Till date, we have organized a total of 10 webinars with 53 schools where 51 school leaders and 130 school teachers have taken part.

Besides this, Karkhana is now focusing on genera-ng contents from internal and external means to help people in this uncertain period. Currently, we are publishing blogs on our website with regards to the coronavirus. These blogs are generally aimed to help with the resources for schools and to keep the learning going. We have provided different online resources for school leaders, free online learning materials for kids (which contains DIY science and DIY fun ac-vi-es), and various other contents to support mental and emo-onal wellbeing during the current crisis.

For all of this, we are trying to increase public outreach through Facebook and other websites. We have opted for applica-ons such as Hangouts and Zoom to maintain the con-nuous touch with all our collaborators.

Impacts of the Pandemic There are a lot of quick changes taking place in our plans currently, as we had not an-cipated the current situa-on. We had planned and prepared for a big ‘Karkhana Mela’ for 2 months, however, it has now been postponed. This has caused a lot of fallouts in the organiza-on. For Karkhana, this would have been one of the most appropriate -me to start new sessions, teacher training programs and KIC classes; but all of them are halted amidst the current situa-on. We have shiQed all our works to virtual means as all members are now compelled to work from home. However, this has resulted in a lack of a communal work environment.

OpportuniAes •

A suitable -me to reach amongst parents, kids and stakeholders.

•

Due to the current engagements and mutual coordina-on with the stakeholders, there is an opportunity to strengthen the rela-onship with them.

•

Experiment with our online and digital plauorms to provide our services, which will help us in figuring out what we can do in the future with such plauorms.

•

Most of the organiza-onal data, interac-ons, mee-ngs, interviews, and other official informa-on are also being recorded and preserved. All of this can be used as a reference for any uncertain future scenarios.

Challenges •

Following up and coordina-ng is tough as all the mee-ngs and interac-ons are done virtually.

•

From a sales perspec-ve, this would have been a very convenient -me for us. However, amidst the coronavirus, it has been very challenging for us.

•

New users using digital plauorms for the first -me have a hard -me with Google Hangouts and other digital plauorms which have made coordina-ng even more difficult.

•

Weak connec-vity has been a downside as works are oQen halted or disturbed due to it.

Future prospects and the areas which need to be addressed The government should be very careful about the economic impacts that the Covid-19 will have. We need to look for ways in which we can reduce the expenses while looking for alterna-ve sources of income. The best way to save jobs and keep everyone’s faith in the economy alive is by bringing the government and the private sector together for collabora-ons.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Pavitra Gautam. He is the Chief ExecuAve Officer at Karkhana and President of Nepalese Young Entrepreneur Forum.

Expert Speak: Construction Sector

As the COVID-19 pandemic grips Nepal, the na-on’s economy is severely affected by the current crisis.

With businesses shut down or their modus operandi changed, the future looks uncertain as the lockdown con-nues. Similarly, the construc-on sector, which is an important part of the economy, has also directly taken a hit due to the pandemic and the prolonging lockdown.

To understand the impact of the current situa-on on the construc-on sector, NEF gained perspec-ve from Mr. Eshwar Raj Joshi, District Commissioner, Kathmandu Valley Development Authority, District Commissioner’s office- Bhaktapur and prepared a brief excerpt as below.

Impact of the crisis and subsequent lockdown on operaAons within the sector All the ongoing construc-on projects have come to a stands-ll due to the current lockdown and hence, the progress of the construc-on projects been severely affected. Addi-onally, the construc-on sector is also facing cri-cal issues in terms of the status of the capital expenditure and as the lockdown con-nues the situa-on is worsening. The overall capital expenditure progress has been only 30% up to the second trimester with only 3 months remaining. If the lockdown extends for a month, then there would be just 2 months for the comple-on of the current fiscal year. Therefore, the total expenditure of the country will be limited to only 50%.

In addi-on, the current crisis has also affected the process of revenue and remiMance collec-on that is affec-ng the payments of major projects and subsequently their progress. The opera-ons now are in a locked state due to the lack of construc-on workers and the scarcity of construc-on material. Addi-onally, things such as infla-on and unemployment will gravely affect the na-on’s development rate limi-ng growth to 2-3%.

The future of the construcAon sector The pace of development will decrease in the coming years. Therefore, the flow of capital in the market is what is needed. It is also necessary to accelerate the development ac-vi-es in the short run and increase the capital expenditure.

Key areas to be addressed immediately for the sector to pick up momentum Despite the lockdown, the major infrastructure projects should be allowed to con-nue with efficient and proper management of resources and security. The availability of construc-on materials and transporta-on should be made easy. Efforts have to be made to decrease the current expenditure and accelerate the capital expenditure, as the flow of money in the market will have a rolling effect in maintaining the na-on’s economy.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Eshwar Raj Joshi. He is the District Commissioner at Kathmandu Valley Development Authority, District Commissioner’s office- Bhaktapur.

Expert Speak: Hospitality Industry

As the lockdown prolongs, the economy con-nues to endure severe blows with no sight of relief. The global economy has come to a grinding halt and the hospitality industry throughout the world have been facing a disastrous impact. With growing uncertainty, the hospitality industry in Nepal too is reeling under pressure due to the current crisis. In order to comprehend the impact of the ongoing situa-on in the hospitality industry, NEF sought the perspec-ve from the founders of Evoke Café and Bistro Abhilasha Rana, Prakesh Shrestha, Manoj Thapa and Sushant Thapa and prepared a brief note as below.

Impact of the current crisis on Evoke’s business operaAons The lockdown happened amidst Evoke’s growth and expansion plans. All of a sudden from daily long mee-ngs, the opera-ons headed towards a shutdown. Now, virtual mee-ngs are being held to discuss plans for its outlets and employees. Ideas are being considered to make individual units beMer post lockdown. Apart from that, culinary skills, new ideas and crea-vity are being explored whilst staying updated on the news and research.

Although most of the Evoke’s staffs are at home and in decent situa-on, in this -me of crisis, they are equally worried about their jobs and their organiza-on. Communica-on with most staffs are in place, whilst mee-ngs with the heads of different opera-onal departments are being held on a weekly basis.

Business environment post the lockdown With the global pandemic at this -me, Nepal’s hospitality industry has been hit with a huge disaster whose effect is likely to be seen throughout the year. Businesses will take a long -me to revive amid this crisis.

With less spending from the public on non-essen-al goods and services along with the fear of infec-on, it seems very unlikely for business to return to normal for several months or longer.

Owing to the current crisis, it is posited that Evoke’s revenue could drop by more than 50 percent for the next several months aQer the lockdown ends. With less revenue and high overheads, it would be very difficult to manage opera-ons for a long -me. However, there is no inten-on to lay off any of the employees. The plan is to transfer a few employees from Jhamiskhel and Pokhara branch to the new outlet at Lazimpat.

To manage the crisis Evoke has decided to implement the following post lockdown: •

Maintain a safe environment for employees and customers.

•

Minimize costs – cut down on salary (more on higher-level employees), eliminate event and marke-ng costs. Shut down business in Pokhara for a 2 – 3 months post lockdown as it is going to be hit the hardest.

•

Shorten opening hours

•

Mobilize current pool of employees in different loca-ons efficiently. Bring employees from Pokhara to Kathmandu to work in Lazimpat.

•

Provide in house training to staff about F&B in slow days.

•

Focus on addi-onal streams of revenue – takeout, catering

•

Re-engineer menu for some -me.

It will take a long -me for business to return to normal so Evoke’s goal for the year would be to achieve sustainability by cuong down on expenses and achieving revised sales target through addi-onal avenues.

Role of the government The government should start with sharing their plans on how they can help revive the economy and not just their decisions on the extension of lockdown and daily updates on COVID-19 cases. Business owners are unsure about what they have been thinking to support the economy. The government should plan to draQ s-mulus package for businesses and individuals.

For the hospitality industry, the government should pay serious aMen-on to produc-on and trade. Low supply will increase the cost of goods. Prices of essen-al goods have already started to take a hike. These increased costs will make it even tougher for businesses to sustain during such a crisis.

ParAng thoughts Over the past 5 years, the economy has already faced three crisis – Earthquake, Economic Blockade and COVID – 19. Businesses must focus on sustainability in the longer run. Small businesses normally run on very low cash balance. Even they should accommodate emergency funds in their annual and long-term financial plans.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Ms. Abhilasha Rana, Mr. Manoj Thapa, Mr. Prakesh Shrestha, and Mr. Sushant Thapa. They are the Co-founders of Evoke Café and Bistro.

Expert Speak: Agriculture Sector

As the global economy comes to a stands-ll, various sectors have suffered setbacks that only worsens as the pandemic prolongs. Like many other sectors, agriculture also has its fair share of issues owing to the current crisis. Nepal, which is an agricultural country with the sector contribu-ng highest to the na-on’s economy, has to overcome various challenges ahead in order to recover from the devasta-ng effect of the current crisis. In the past few years, within the agriculture sector, coffee produc-on in Nepal has been geong immense aMen-on. In 2018, Nepal exported coffee worth approximately USD 1 million. With an aim to understand the impact of the current situa-on in agriculture, par-cularly Nepal’s coffee sector, NEF sought insights from Mr. Appa Sherpa, Director of Nuwa Estate Coffee. Along with this, the future of the global coffee market post the current pandemic and ini-a-ves required from various stakeholders in the coffee sector of Nepal was highlighted.

Impact on the coffee sector due to the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdown Like most businesses, the coffee sector too has seen an immense dip in sales both locally and interna-onally. The lockdown implementa-on (a posi-ve step by the government for our own well-being and safety) has forced the coffee industry to be limited to supermarket shelves and door deliveries, all planned exports have come to a stands-ll with an uncertain future to interna-onal demand. While, on a posi-ve note we are doing our utmost to not let the farm ac-vi-es be hindered as a result of the current pandemic. Our estate workers are taking care of the coffee plants, simultaneously the estate managers are monitoring the health of the estate workers, implemen-ng social distancing, hygiene norms and health checks at the start of each day.

Business’s support to farmers and aggregators in managing their acAviAes Nuwa Estate Coffee has been suppor-ng local coffee farmers and aggregators since 2007. We have worked closely with all coffee related ac-vi-es in Nuwakot region, educa-ng people about coffee, purchasing outputs from small-scale farmers to aggregators, crea-ng origin trips for our interna-onal buyers and copious strides to enhance both local and interna-onal demand for Nepali coffee.

Nepal Green Tara Founda-on (NGTF) the spearhead of our company’s CSR has been pivotal for us to con-nue maintaining a healthy rela-onship with the locals in the region. The moMo of NGTF is to “Fight Poverty with Educa-on” -ll date NGTF has constructed six schools in Nepal. For around two years, we have been working along the same ideals and principles with coffee farmers in Solukhumbu region, so they too can reap the benefits of farming coffee.

We will con-nue to support all the farmers and aggregators in our supply chain as well as the communi-es through our ini-a-ves. Ac-vi-es and work at the estate have not been disturbed but the lockdown may present a situa-on with returnee migrant workers and we would be happy to employ them to support their livelihoods. However, despite providing knowledge and training to the farmers and aggregators on crop management and coffee farming as a business, adop-on of such prac-ces is s-ll weak. Therefore, support on strengthening the farmers’ capaci-es is an area where other technical knowledge partners could provide a value add.

Future of global coffee market post the COVID-19 pandemic This is completely new territory for the coffee industry; coffee consump-on is now reformed from out-ofhome consump-on to online purchases and at-home consump-on. In a recent publica-on by the Interna-onal Coffee Organiza-on (ICO) in rela-on to the impact of COVID-19 on the global coffee sector,

the ICO depicts a scenario rendering a decline in consump-on worldwide but have emphasized that coffee demand is not sternly affected by devia-ons in consumer income. In my personal opinion, coffee consump-on, globally, will remain fairly resilient and coffee prices may fluctuate depending on the market. Consumer loyalty will be one of the key tools for most coffee companies to overcome this crisis.

Support iniAaAves by the government for the coffee sector as a priority cash crop The government have issued various grants towards Nepal Tea and Coffee. Such grants are crucial for technological advancements, implementa-on of new farming prac-ces, employment of interna-onal quality coffee consultants and other various steps to improve the Nepali coffee industry. We strongly feel that the government should roll out strenuous and diligent prac-ces when working with grants, so as to impede and end the abuse of such posi-ve steps taken by the government.

IntervenAon needed from the private sector and the government to manage demand for Nepal’s special coffee In the interna-onal market, majority of the coffee buyers view Nepal as a new origin crop and the requirement for Nepali coffee is moun-ng every year. This statement adheres to both domes-c and interna-onal market. With growing demand and limited supply of quality beans, we feel that Nepal needs to have more coffee planters rather than aggregators and middle-men. Private sector investment and admiMance into this cash crop commodity will not only benefit the individual but also our na-on. As for government interven-on, they should provide financial and knowledge based incen-ves to exis-ng coffee companies in order to rec-fy, convalesced and enrich the Nepali coffee industry.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Mr. Appa Sherpa.

He is the Director at Nuwa Estate Coffee.

Expert Speak: Education Consultancy

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has gravely affected educa-onal ins-tu-ons in many countries. As a precau-onary measure to prevent the outbreak, educa-onal ins-tu-ons in majority of the countries have been closed or opera-ng classes digitally. However, the closure of educa-onal ins-tu-ons has an overarching impact not only to the students and to the teachers, but also to the overall economy. One such sector that is feeling the pressure of the ongoing crisis in Nepal is the educa-on consultancy industry.

As uncertainty looms with no sight of pandemic ending soon, the important ques-ons that arise are, how would interna-onal admissions fare and, what impacts would the ongoing crisis have on the educa-on consultancies and students. In the last fiscal year, approximately 63,500 students sought permission from the Ministry of Educa-on, Science and Technology to go abroad for higher educa-on. Nepali students going abroad spent NPR 41 billion. To seek a beMer understanding on these per-nent issues, NEF sought insights from Lisa Sherchan, Director of PAC Asia, a premier educa-on consultancy providing service for the past 16 years. A brief note on the same is as below.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in the educaAon consultancy sector COVID 19 pandemic and the lockdown put in place by different countries has had a deep impact on educa-on consul-ng industry globally. The effect is unlike anything the industry has witnessed so far. This event has not only affected the opera-ons of colleges (now conduc-ng classes online) but also affected the en-re year round calendar. It will take at least a year for the industry to bounce back. With global economy plumme-ng, and Nepalese students highly dependent on scholarships, part--me jobs, co-ops and internship, the bounce back will en-rely depend on how the host countries come out of this crisis and how long would respec-ve economy take to recover. It will also be guided by the new immigra-on rules and foreign student policy of the respec-ve countries/colleges.

EducaAon consultancies’ role to ensure the safety of the students who have gone to study abroad This pandemic has caused havoc in health and financial safety of the students. However, in the coming weeks, we fear more for their emo-onal and mental health issues. The pressure to come up with tui-on fee and lack of steady income may lead to depression and anxiety. Majority of the self-funded students depend on their jobs to finance their tui-ons and living costs.

As official representa-ves, we should reach out to our students, keep them informed of both financial and non-financial offerings or opportuni-es from universi-es and the host country. We feel that it is our responsibility to help find solu-ons and communicate what’s best for them at the moment.

Advise to students in this current situaAon planning to go abroad/or who have already processed their applicaAon Interna-onal educa-on at any point in student life is vital. The exposure one receives, acquired confidence and the network is immeasurable. We would advise students not to get disheartened with what is happening right now and not to cancel their study plans abroad. In addi-on, con-nue to research and be informed about universi-es, programs, plans aQer gradua-on and the way of life for an interna-onal student in this new environment that will see a different post COVID-19 pandemic world.

For the students who have already applied, I would advise them to con-nue their applica-ons and be ready with full offer in hand. All universi-es are working from home and are available for any sort of queries should anyone have. As things fall back to normal, the students should have adequate safety net to cope with the new rules, regula-ons and restric-ons.

The biggest challenge post lockdown to commence business as before The biggest challenge will be SUSTAINABILITY- weathering the storm un-l “business is as usual”. Mee-ng the opera-onal costs which are so high in Kathmandu and retaining our highly trained human resource who are our biggest asset is THE challenge. Also, in my opinion, regaining customer confidence in interna-onal educa-on and the host country economy recovery will define the future of our industry. We are an-cipa-ng stricter immigra-on policies, financial aid criteria’s, costlier airfares and insurance that will determine the study plans of the students.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is based on the conversaAon with Ms. Lisa Sherchan. She is the Director at PAC ASIA – Study Abroad, a premier educaAon consultancy in Nepal.

Expert Speak: Local Governance

Human race and its outstanding scien-fic achievements have been challenged repeatedly by unan-cipated natural events that cannot be managed and sustained with immediate provisions and the current order, even though human beings on planet earth are intelligent, powerful, and well equipped in terms of resources. Some-mes, we experience the whole world being chao-c due to a single outbreak.

The havoc caused by COVID-19 is crea-ng a panic for the en-re human race. All countries, no maMer how powerful they are, are facing the problem. In fact, the most powerful countries, which have established their empires all around the world, are the ones who have been bearing the greater losses. Therefore, almost all countries in the world are u-lizing their strength, mechanisms, and skills to the fullest to figure out ways to avoid further losses based on their governance arrangements and poli-cal system.

In this regard, a country like Nepal whose government arrangements and poli-cal system are going through a transi-on period has been facing serious difficul-es for the preven-on, control and treatment of the novel coronavirus as well as containing its effect on the lives and livelihoods of its ci-zens. We can only overcome this crisis if the role and ac-ons of all three -ers of government are executed independently and collabora-vely in an efficient way as per their cons-tu-onal scope.

Lockdown has been implemented as a way to close down all ac-vi-es and maintain safety through social distancing that has also been implemented globally to stop the spread of COVID-19. The spread and losses in countries where this method has not been implemented are unimaginable. As countries with excep-onal health-treatment management and facili-es are bearing unthinkable losses, a country like ours with compara-vely weaker educa-on, health, and governing arrangements has implemented the lockdown from March as the only way and the only weapon to reduce the spread of the coronavirus.

Hence, all three -ers of government are currently focusing on the preven-on, control, and treatment of COVID-19 and distribu-ng relief to the poor, backward, helpless, and daily-wage workers during the lockdown.

NaAonal crisis and the role of local government amidst the COVID-19 pandemic The country’s competency depends upon the effec-veness, efficiency, and accountability of the local government, as they are the closest to the public.

The spread of COVID-19, its effect people’s health, public awareness on the precauAons and individual cleanliness to prevent the spread The virus that emerged in Wuhan at the end of December was firstly named as the Novel Corona Virus and later as COVID-19 by the World Health Organiza-on. This virus was ini-ally termed as an outbreak and later declared a global pandemic keeping in mind the crisis that it brought. AQer the WHO released its no-ces regarding the spread, symptoms, the effects it has on people, its preven-on, and the precau-ons that should be taken to stop its spread, all three -ers of government in Nepal extensively worked to raise public awareness on the maMer. However, being the closest authority to the public, local government’s role and influence are more when it comes to comba-ng the pandemic.

Nearly all local level governments have formed the directors’ commiMee, ward-level coordina-ng commiMee, and community-level commiMee at the municipal-level for the preven-on, control, and treatment of COVID-19. To enhance the efficiency of this framework, there is also a necessity to

consolidate all the messages from the WHO and make promo-onal contents using various Informa-on, Educa-on, and Communica-on materials. To raise public awareness, the federal, provincial, and local governments are making adequate efforts. No-ces regarding social distancing, washing hands mul-ple -mes, maintaining cleanliness in private and public areas, maintaining a healthy diet have been vital in enhancing public awareness on COVID-19.

CooperaAon to maintain full compliance of the lockdown implemented by the Government of Nepal Almost all countries around the world have implemented lockdown to help stop the spread of the virus.

Likewise, the WHO has also suggested Nepal take the necessary alertness, as Nepal has been placed in a high-risk zone. As COVID-19 started spreading globally, Nepal announced a lockdown on 24 March 2020.

To achieve full compliance of the announcements of the federal government, local government’s role becomes vital in terms of ceasing unnecessary movements by collabora-ng with the police administra-on, closing all services except for essen-al and urgent services, and facilita-ng the adop-on of virtual mediums to conduct urgent works.

Relief management In a lockdown, the government has a crucial responsibility of providing food and necessary items to the needy and daily-wage workers. For this, as per the decision made by the Government of Nepal, the local government has been collec-ng necessary informa-on about the target group and distribu-ng relief accordingly.

Increasing the scope of daily surveillance system and tesAng of returnees and associated people at risk Local authori-es must pay careful aMen-on to maintaining the records of people who came from abroad within the past one month and monitor them regularly. The local level must work on placing third country returnees in quaran-ne, encouraging people to stay in self -quaran-ne (home quaran-ne), monitoring and recording their health condi-ons daily along with increasing the scope of tes-ng, and immediately managing tests and isola-ng them in case the symptoms of the virus appears.

Management of quaranAnes (according to criteria), isolaAon wards, and the establishment of coronaspecial hospitals Even though Nepal is a landlocked country, it has a large popula-on and is connected to India through an open-border on three sides. Due to this, there is a high risk of the spread of the virus from the Nepali people who went to work in India as well as Indians who came to Nepal due to various reasons and people who came via air. For this, the local levels are expected to establish and operate quaran-ne centres as per the Quaran-ne Criteria, 2076 released by the Nepal government. However, the federal government and provincial government can also manage them as per the need. Also, isola-on wards and in some cases special coronavirus hospitals can be established to keep the coronavirus pa-ents.

Management of health workers, essenAal medicines, and health supplies Naturally, the effec-veness of health ins-tu-ons is an-cipated to be more at -mes of health crisis than at other -mes. Currently, under the federal structure, there are health ins-tu-ons under all three--ers of government. Under this, the facilita-on of urban health clinics, health centres, and primary hospitals fall under the jurisdic-on of the local authori-es. In these ins-tu-ons, the local level is responsible to facilitate the management of health workers, necessary medicines, and personal protec-ve equipment, thermal guns, masks, sani-zers, etc. for the health workers.

Lockdown and COVID-19’s effect on local level’s development goals, the effects on annual budgets, and subjects that should be incorporated in upcoming plans and programs Due to the onset of the pandemic, every sector has been affected in a global stage and Nepal is no excep-on. AQer the Government of Nepal announced the lockdown on 24 March, all sectors (except to

seek medical aMen-on or purchase essen-al food items) were completely shut. It is undeniable that there will be an ines-mable amount of effect on human development aspects due to the mul--dimensional and complex interrelated components of all ac-vi-es being shut down. Experts have es-mated that Nepal’s economic growth targets will decrease greatly, the popula-on below the poverty line will increase, industrial business ac-vi-es will weaken, and social capital development work will be nega-vely affected.

However, some important relief and economic aid programs should be planned to help recover from the setbacks of the pandemic: •

Aid programs to help produc-on and increase produc-vity in the agriculture sector,

•

Designing programs targe-ng unemployed youths,

•

Conduc-ng programs targe-ng poor and backward communi-es,

•

Announcing relief packages for micro-enterprises,

•

Providing tax rebate for various industries and businesses,

•

Developing health sector infrastructure, necessary health equipment management and adequate management of the local level budget to increase the health services.

Local level’s challenges for the management of the coronavirus crisis As pandemic in itself is unan-cipated and difficult to manage in terms of prevailing laws, ins-tu-ons and resources, the aspect of crisis management are oQen difficult and challenging. There are numerous challenges regarding the preven-on and control of COVID-19 as well as the management of relief measures. Some of them are as follows: •

Due to the physical remoteness, local authori-es in many parts of Nepal face challenges in terms of the mobility of health workers, the supply of medical equipment and transporta-on of essen-al goods.

•

The physical infrastructure of health ins-tu-ons is feeble.

•

The procurement laws for the purchase of adequate medicines and health equipment are processoriented and troublesome.

•

Ar-ficial scarcity has been created in the market, leading to black-marke-ng of commodi-es affec-ng product quality and prices.

•

The required condi-on to pay more than the market value but it being against public procurement law.

•

The price of medical supplies increase in the market upon the increasing demand, however purchasing the supplies at increased price goes against the exis-ng procurement law, which ul-mately hinders the acquirement process for authori-es.

•

The poli-ciza-on of sensi-ve subjects such as relief distribu-on is a huge hindrance.

•

Unnecessary populist stunts by the so-called intellectuals and ac-vists in such -mes of crisis demo-vate frontline warriors.

•

There are difficul-es in the iden-fica-on of the targeted category for relief distribu-on.

•

There exists a situa-on where a large por-on of society is s-ll influenced by unnecessary rumours.

Conclusion The invisible coronavirus is capable of spreading more fear and panic than world wars that occurred in various periods in history. The total number of people affected by the COVID-19 has already reached 2.8 million and the total number of deaths has already crossed 197,000 when preparing this write-up. This is a fearful situa-on. There is no alternate way to save ourselves from this pandemic other than by following the guidelines released by the WHO. Hence, the local governments must play their parts in the full compliance of the lockdown announced by the government to maintain social distancing for stopping the spread of the coronavirus. In addi-on, using full strength to treat the infected pa-ents while keeping the mo-va-on of the health workers high and using the na-onal resources and human power in a unified manner against the coronavirus is cri-cal.

The above Expert Speak ediAon is wri]en by Mr. Agni Prasad Adhikari. He is the Chief AdministraAve Officer at Gokarneshwor Municipality.

Voices from the ground

An iniAaAve to understand how dierent clusters of society are perceiving COVID-19

The birth of an epidemic and its instant growth in becoming a pandemic has certainly crippled the normal life of every person including me. My life was running normally before the lockdown but now it stares at uncertainty. I miss my students and my colleagues and the -me spent in the school. Also, as an educator, my thoughts goes out to the students as to how they are to fulfill their dreams. Have we trained the young minds concretely to face such events? As the lockdown is further extended, I only ponder as to what next.

Alvin Ranger Private school educator from Birgunj

We did not open our store the first few days. Even our staff went home. Later, as we heard on television about food stores being allowed to operate, we hired local staff and reopened only between 5pm-7pm. Our customers give orders on the phone and come for pick up later in the day. So far we have enough stocks but we heard from our suppliers that fresh stocks might not be available soon. We have learnt that government agencies might have enough stocks of essen-als. Representa-ves from Companies such as Unilever, Amul etc. have been in touch for orders. We were doing home deliveries earlier as well, but looks like this will increase in the future.

Bishnu Jalan Owner of Mechi Kirana, a grocery store in Kathmandu

We’re trying to run the business as usual. However, the demand has decreased due to which we have cut down the opera-onal -me. Nevertheless, we have managed to stay connected to all our employees and their families which has helped us keep the business running. There isn’t much concern -ll now, but if the number of cases goes up in Kathmandu, it’ll be hard to keep the business running as we will not be able to guarantee our employees about their health and security.

Dilram Ghimire Opera-ons Manager, Himalayan Holy Group Drinking Water Purifica-on and Supply, Kathmandu

Being a Masters student and a working professional, this pandemic ini-ally hampered both the aspects. However, because of digital connec-vity, my college came up with op-ons like conduc-ng online classes through Zoom, submiong assignments online and replacing exams with projects. Regarding my work, since I work in marke-ng, my tasks have not been swiQ but I have started focusing on other aspects like managing documents, research, planning and improving previous work module. Looking at the bright side, this pandemic has allowed me to spend quality -me with my family, learn new talents, polish my old capabili-es and work and discover myself.

Niha Shrestha Student at King’s College, Kathmandu

Working from home is something I am not used to; however the corona virus pandemic and 17 days lock down has taught me well to adapt to this situa-on. I really miss going to work in person as working from home has made my working schedule more monotonous due to the same working environment and less team interac-on. However, I also think that this lock down has given me an opportunity to upgrade my soQ skills which I cannot do while working from office. I have taken numerous free online classes to upgrade my skills, besides I am also of the opinion that working from home is less -ring and gives me a lot of quality family -me. I am trying my best to balance both ends, as desperate -me calls for desperate measures.

Santosh Rizal Network Support Engineer, Worldlink Communica-ons Ltd.

Being in a medical field, the pandemic has affected my work and daily life a lot. The fear of cross-contamina-on is always there as we are exposed to high risk when working at the hospital during this -me. I con-nuously worry that I may put my family members at risk when I come back home. Hence, I take shower and change my clothes before I am exposed to any one in my home. I wash the clothes that I wore in the hospital separately. We have been taking extra precau-ons and protec-ve measures while at work and also at home, as this is a cri-cal -me. My duty at the hospital use to be 5 days a weak, now its only 2 days and I really miss going out and mee-ng my friends.

Pranita Maharjan Nurse at Kri-pur Hospital

We are in a wait & watch mode like many others. Some of our staff are living in our factory while others have gone home. These few months are the ones when many weddings happen and we usually make a major por-on of our earnings during this period which -des us over the lean months. Now that is not going to happen this year.

We are not part of any strong associa-on. It will take us quite some -me & effort to get back to normal business and to get our staff back from home. I am hoping we can get back to business slowly but in a safe manner. For the sake of sustaining earnings and staff, it would be nice if we are permiMed to sell in an innova-ve way like start home deliveries and “take-away” only and discon-nue dining in restaurant for the -me being.

Saurav Agarwal Sajangoth Sweets & Namkeen, Kathmandu

A lot of educa-onal ins-tu-ons in India have begun to conduct online classes ignoring the fact that not all students in countries like Nepal have reliable and equal access to 4G connec-ons and other internet facili-es. This has greatly affected those students who had traveled back to their na-ve countries before the lockdown began. Hence, the idea of online classes without keeping in mind the economic situa-on of a student is crea-ng an undue pressure on them to con-nue their academic work.

Rajyashree Rana Nepali student from Delhi University

Prepara-ons were ongoing for the flower exhibi-on to be held in March/April and had invested heavily in seeds, saplings and perennial plants, but the lockdown happened suddenly. Seasonal flowers will now be discarded, while the perennial plants will be maintained at a high financial cost. Since labour in the nursery is absent, I water the plants. There has been no issues in water supply from the tankers yet, but the cost is accumula-ng without any sales. As the wholesale business is dead, all the investments are at risk. If the lockdown con-nues, we will incur heavy losses, which we are not sure how to recover. We are not even sure, if the plants we are maintaining will help in par-al recovery. We do have a Florist Associa-on, which I am a member of, but we have not heard from them yet.

Geeta Basnet Co-owner of Ajima Nursery, Kuleshwor

The current situa-on has created a wave of uncertainty. My civil service exams have been postponed un-l further no-ce and I find it really hard to focus and cope with my anxiety due to the ongoing global pandemic. Although other universi-es have started conduc-ng classes online, the administra-on of TU has failed to follow the same suit or find any other alterna-ve, due to which my master's degree is at halt. TU has a huge socio-economic diversity among its students, thus the administra-on needs to focus on finding suitable teaching and learning alterna-ve as the lockdown prolongs.

AdiA Adhikari Student, Tribhuvan University

We have been con-nuously running our dairy industry despite of the current crisis. The milk market has dropped by around 60%, but we have been procuring milk from the framers to our fullest capacity and protect them from losing business. However, dipping demand has led to an unbalanced stock, placing immense pressure on the dairy industries. For now, we have manufactured products with longer shelf life such as milk powder, khuwa, paneer, etc. from the excess milk received. Moreover, we have been distribu-ng milk free of cost to the municipali-es as a part of our CSR efforts. We have been opera-ng the factory as per the guidelines of safety precau-ons for COVID-19 and engaging essen-al staffs in the factory premises.

Santosh Pokharel Director, S.K. Dairy Industries Pvt. Ltd, Nepalgunj

What is happening around the world now is very scary and painful. First, when it was reported in China, we were not so concerned, but as it spread in Europe and the USA, we started to get worried about how it was sure to spread in our part of the world.

Covid-19 is different from SARS and Ebola in the speed with which it can spread. The problem in countries like Nepal is that firstly, we have very few PCR machines and second, these alone are not enough, as we need the kits to conduct tests. Several prophecies had predicted such a loss to humanity, but we did not pay heed and we did not think it would come true like this.

Ramachandran Rajah Former Lab Technician CIWEC Hospital

The factory where I work has been shut down since March 24th due to the ongoing lockdown. Even though it has affected our daily rou-ne, I feel much safer staying at home than going to work. Due to the lockdown, I have observed two big changes in our society. Firstly, I have no-ced that staying at home has brought many families together and made them happier. However, it has also made survival a huge challenge for dailywage earners. Thus, my only hope for the New Year is for the inven-on of a vaccine and medicines, which can fight Covid-19 so that we can all live a safer and less fearful life ahead.

Rajendra Choudhary Works in the Administra-on Department of Nilima Felt CraQ

Con-nuing educa-on during such a crisis is definitely a challenge. We worked relentlessly by pooling all our resources together to introduce the ‘Online System of Learning’, within a week. From adap-ng to new tools and technology while making the classes engaging for students, to resolving the technical and logis-cal issues and addressing the ‘psycho-social’ concerns, we are learning and growing together with each passing day. From the management standpoint, the major challenge is to manage the revenue and cash flow if the lockdown and this pandemic prolongs more than two months or so. On top, if it affects the admission, revenue will be seriously affected; we have not been able to come up with an alterna-ve to it yet.

Naro]am Aryal Execu-ve Director, King’s College

For a daily wage earner like me, life has become difficult due to this coronavirus outbreak. Buying necessi-es such as rice, oil, salt and other food items without earning daily wage have been extremely difficult. Although the government has been on the forefront in distribu-ng the essen-al supplies to us, they have not been adequate. The daily wageworkers are going through an enormous loss and I am afraid this will create a huge vacuum in our lives.

Kanchhi Tharu Chaudhary Daily wage construc-on worker

The next six months or possibly even longer is going to be very difficult for hospitality industry across the spectrum and we will be no different. At this -me of crisis, the most important issue is survival at any cost. This will require downsizing, excep-onal hard work and innova-on. Since Dalle’s incep-on in 2011, our patrons and this city have supported and loved us uncondi-onally. To return the favor and as a part of corporate social responsibility, we wanted to give back to the community by suppor-ng the individuals who were making the lockdown possible to fight COVID-19, namely the Nepal security forces and hospital staffs. During this period, we have been providing approximately 300+ complimentary lunch to them.

Subhash Gauchan Co-founder, Dalle

Before the news of lockdown, we saw a surge in business, as people were panic buying medicinal supplies to last them for a month or two. However, during the last few weeks, business is extremely poor as sales have been limited to just immediate and necessary medica-ons. There is no shortage of medicinal supply yet despite irregular supply from the wholesale stores who have no staff to operate their shops. We have been requested by the police and ward officials to follow social distancing measures amongst our customers and limit opera-onal hours. Therefore, we are opening our shop daily for a few hours following these stringent measures. Our customers are scared as well as curious so whenever they come to our shop we try to calm them by educa-ng them on safety measures.

Puspa Jaiswal and Durgesh Jaiswal Priya Medical Store, Kathmandu

The ongoing lockdown has affected my business in numerous ways. My regular customers constantly face problems due to the unavailability of daily essen-als in the store. The suppliers and dealers are also encountering difficul-es due to the lockdown, causing disrup-ons in the supply of essen-als such as oil, gas, sugar, rice etc. In addi-on, the government-imposed regula-on to open essen-al store only from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. causes heavy flow of customers during this -me posing a high risk of infec-on transmission.

Hira Maharjan Owner, Day to Day Store

Due to the lockdown, the publica-on of Paschim Today Na-onal Daily has been halted and the online news portal, paschimtoday.com has been opera-ng from home. Staffs and journalists working in all three units of the media house have been asked to stay home for their safety. Currently, we are playing Corona Special Radio programs and jingles through Radio Paschim Today-88.8 MHz to create public awareness about the risks, health hazards and preven-ve measures of the pandemic. Every morning, we also conduct a Corona Special Dialogue Program where we discuss the efforts made by the local, provincial and federal governments with health experts. We also have been constantly aler-ng the people of the Far-west through ar-cles and news to stay safe and secure in their homes by obeying the lockdown.

Dirgharaj Upadhyay Editor-in-Chief of Paschim Today, Dhangadhi

We have been staying home due to the ensuing lockdown. The stores in our locality are only open once a day in the morning. While we have been able to sustain, it has been difficult for many other people. It will be difficult if anyone in the family gets sick.

Regarding work, it was going good un-l some -me ago but now the lockdown has caused offices to close and many people to return home. We hope that the coronavirus pandemic ends soon and the lockdown liQed.

Lata Maharjan Quality Control, Rechecking and Packing Nilima Felt CraQ, Kathmandu

When the coronavirus started having an impact in Nepal, we quickly moved to ensure that there was a regular supply of food available, which would help take pressure off from supermarkets and department stores. Tradi-onally, we had only been supplying to high-end hotels and restaurants around the country. Now, we are also moving into direct consumer retailing. However, it has become increasingly evident that the growing demands and consumer anxiety are not the only challenges with regards to food availability. Covid-19 has forced larger facili-es that process large amount of animal products at a -me to shut down. Thus, cracks are star-ng to emerge on the supply-side as well.

Abishek Karki Managing Director, Meatco Food Nepal

I am from Janakpur, Dhanusha. I was in Kathmandu for work. Since the lockdown happened suddenly, I couldn't go home. Even though I am geong my monthly salary, there is no work happening currently. I want to go home as my wife and children are alone there. I even applied for e-pass online, which facilitates travel during lockdown and would have allowed me to go home. However, I didn't get any response back. I know the lockdown is for our safety but if we had received the no-ce regarding the lockdown a few days prior then many of us could have gone home. Now, I am just hoping for the lockdown to get over soon.

Sujit Aale Private Vehicle Driver

The na-onwide lockdown has changed every aspect of my daily rou-ne. As a senior year student, I miss aMending my classes and hanging out with my peers. My college has been providing and upda-ng us with daily power-points presenta-ons, course summaries and pre-recorded lectures, which has been very helpful. I was also lucky that all my courses were completed before the lockdown. Due to this, I am geong extra -me to pursue personal hobbies that were long due like pain-ng and sketching. However, the uncertainty concerning my final year and gradua-on also crosses my mind and coping up with such thoughts has been really difficult.

Astha Shrestha Student, Golden Gate Interna-onal College

The tourism sector was recovering aQer the 2015 earthquake & blockade. Number of interna-onal & domes-c tourists in Pokhara had increased & businesses were doing well. With the announcement of Visit Nepal & government support, there was op-mism, which induced investments in the sector. Encouraged by the developments, we diversified into the hotel business. We inaugurated Busy Bee Resort on 1 January 2020 and the impact of COVID -19 was soon felt in March. This brought business to a complete halt and the impact is of different nature. We do not know how long it will go.

I believe, tourism sector globally will be the hardest hit and the recovery is going to be up-hill task. To cope with this, we need to be innova-ve with our domes-c packages to manage opera-ons and need financial s-mulus from the government.

Sunil Bha]arai Co-owner, Busy Bee Cafe/Resorts