2016b NEAIPG Spring Newsletter

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGISTS

Northeast Section

NEWSLETTER Spring 2016 As Published on 6/17/2016

See Happenings at NEAIPG Spring Meeting — Details on Pg. 68 ESRI BASEMAP

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AIPG NORTHEAST SECTION NEWSLETTER JUNE 2016

EDITION NO. 143

PUBLISHED BY THE NORTHEAST SECTION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGISTS TABLE OF CONTENTS: 2016 NEAIPG Executive Committee Directory .................................... 5

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2016 Executive Committee Meeting Schedule ....................................

7 2016 Index of Advertisers ............................................................. 8-9 Presidential Ramblings .................................................................. 11 High Pressure Production of Anorthositic Magmas from Gabbros ....... 15 NEAIPG EXCOM Meeting Minutes 1/11/16 ...................................... 43 Curt Kraemer Is Honored With Russell G. Slayback Award ................ 50 ATMGS 2015—2016 Academic Year Final Status Report ................... 59 NEAIPG Spring Joint Meeting with LIAPG ....................................... 68

Angelo Tagliacozzo Scholarship Perpetual Trust Fund Contribution Form

(Please contribute now!) ............................................... Last Page

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NEWSLETTER EDITOR

PUBLISHER & ADVERTISING MANAGER

Christopher Proce Roux Associates, Inc. 209 Shafter Street Islandia, NY 11749 631-232-2600 (Office) 631-232-2600 (Fax) neaipg.editor@gmail.com

Dick Young Consulting Geologists, LLC 179 Intervale Road Parsippany, NJ 07054 973-335-2289(Office) 973-335-9799 (Fax) RYoungNJ@aol.com

The Newsletter of the Northeast Section of the American Institute of Professional Geologists is digitally published four times annually at www.issuu.com/neaipg/docs. Design and layout by Christopher Proce and Dick Young. Section Members and Advertisers are alerted to each issue by e-mail. Many thanks are extended to all who helped in compiling this issue.

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2016 NEAIPG EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND ASSOCIATES PRESIDENT Jeff Frederick, CPG-10989 The Louis Berger Group, Inc. 565 Taxter Rd., Suite 510 Elmsford, NY 10523 Office: (914) 798-3762 Email: jfrederick@louisberger.com PRESIDENT ELECT Jessica McEachern, MEM-0395 37 Spencer Street W Farmingdale, NY 11735 Office: (516) 694-5212 E-mail: geode78@verizon.net SECRETARY Michael G. Grifasi, CPG-11489 FPM Remediations, Inc. 584 Phoenix Drive Rome, NY 13441 Office: (315) 336-7721 X215 Fax: (917) 336-7722 Cell: (917) 767-2662 Email: m.grifasi@fpm-remediations.com TREASURER Robert P. Blauvelt, CPG-06508 GEI Consultants 1 Greenwood Ave, Suite 210 Montclair, NJ 07042 Direct Dial: 973-873-7127 Cell: 973-803-0167 Fax: 973-509-9625 rblauvelt@geiconsultants.com MEMBERS Christopher Brown, CPG-10599 PVE Sheffler, LLC 48 Springside Avenue Poughkeepsie, NY 12603 Office: (865) 454-2544 Cell: (914) 475-2650 E-mail: cbrown@pvesheffler.com Luke E. Mahier, CPG –8948 Parsons Brinckerhoff One Penn Plaza New York, NY 10119 Office: 212-465-5255 E-mail: mahier@pbworld.com Jean M. Neubeck, CPG 11438 Alpha Geoscience 679 Plank Road Clifton Park, NY 12065 Office: 518-348-6995 E-mail: jneubeck@alphageoscience.com

Laurie Scheuing, CPG-9898 46 Homestead Rd Saratoga Springs, NY 12866-5808 Office: (518) 695-9445 Fax: E-mail: lescheuing@aol.com William (Tom) West, CPG-08935 Haley & Aldrich of New York 200 Town Centre Drive, Suite 2 Rochester, NY 14263-4264 Office: (585) 321-4201 Fax: (585) 321-8201 E-mail: twest@haleyaldrich.com Luanne Whitbeck, CPG-07923 P.O. Box 637 Singerlands, NY 12159 Office: 518-475-1008 E-mail: Luanne.whitbeck@gmail.com Christopher Proce, CPG-11717 Roux Associates, Inc. 209 Shafter St. Islandia, NY 11749 Office: (631) 630-2382 Fax: (631)-232-9898 E-mail: cproce@rouxinc.com SCREENING BOARD CHAIRMAN Charles A. Rich, CPG-04433 CA Rich Consultants, Inc. 17 Dupont Street Plainview, NY 11803-1602 Office: (516) 576-8844 Fax: (516) 576-0093 E-mail: crich@carichinc.com NEWSLETTER EDITOR Christopher Proce, CPG-11717 Roux Associates, Inc. 209 Shafter St. Islandia, NY 11749 Office: (631) 630-2382 Fax: (631)-232-9898 E-mail: cproce@rouxinc.com DIRECTORY OF MEMBERS EDITOR Curtis A. Kraemer, CPG-06019 111 Van Cedarfield Road Colchester, CT 06415 Office: 860-861-4644 email: curtkraemer@comcast.net PUBLISHER & ADVERTISING MANAGER Richard H. Young, CPG-03356 Consulting Geologists, LLC 179 Intervale Road Parsippany, NJ 07054 Office: 973-335-2289 Fax: 973-335-9799 E-mail: ryoungnj@aol.com

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(Executive Committee continued from page 5) WEBMASTER Jeff Frederick, CPG-10989 The Louis Berger Group, Inc. 565 Taxter Rd., Suite 510 Elmsford, NY 10523 Office: (914) 798-3762 Email: jfrederick@louisberger.com

2016 NORTHEAST SECTION SUBCOMMITTEES Advertising Sales: Dick Young Advisory Board Delegate: Open Financial Planning and Treasury: Bob Blauvelt, Curt Kraemer, Dick Young

Legislative Liaison and Registration: Tom West (NY), Russell

Slayback (CT), Sam Gowan, Tim Stone, Dorothy Richter (NH), Laurie Scheuing (NY)

Membership: Open Nominating: Bob Blauvelt Public Affairs: Dennis McGrath Scholarship: Sam Gowan, Dean Herrick, Len Rexrode, Craig Werle, Laurie Scheuing, Tom West, Dennis McGrath

Section Directory: Curt Kraemer, Dick Young Section Meetings: Open Section Newsletter: Christopher Proce, Editor; Dick Young, Publisher Screening Board: Charles Rich (Chairman), Don Bruehl, Carol Graff, William Penn, Daniel Toder, Andrews Tolman, William Prehoda

2016 Executive Committee Meeting Schedule: January 11 March 7 May 18 (Spring Meeting TBA) July 11 September 12 October 19 (Fall Meeting TBA) December 5

Meetings are typically held from 4:00 to 6:00 pm at the offices of Louis Berger Group, Elmsford, New York or via teleconference.

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2016 INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

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Allegheny Instruments, Inc .................................................... 27 Alpha Analytical ..................................................................... 69 Alpha Geoscience .................................................................. 67 Aquifer Drilling & Testing, Inc ..................... Inside Front Cover...2 Arcadis ................................................................................. 29 Atlantic Screen & Mfg., Inc ..................................................... 43 Badger Injection Solutions…………………………………………………….18 Boyd Artesian Well Co., Inc .................................................... 52 Brinkerhoff Environmental Services, Inc.................................. 32 Cascade Drilling…………………………………………………………………...13 CHA…………………………………………………………………………………….75 Church, Stephen B., Co .......................................................... 73 Clearwater Drilling, Inc. ......................................................... 38 Complete Environmental Testing, Inc. ..................................... 67 ConeTec, Inc......................................................................... 39 Connecticut Test Borings, LLC ................................................ 67 Conrad Geoscience Corporation .............................................. 32 CSG Environmental Consultants .............................................. 36 Delta Well & Pump Co., Inc ...................................................... 6 Directional Technologies, Inc .................................................. 44 Diversified Geophysics, Inc ........................ Inside Rear Cover...87 Drilex Environmental, Inc ......................................................... 3 EAI, Inc ................................................................................ 51 Eastern Analytical, Inc ........................................................... 20 EcoTest Labs,Inc ................................................................... 52 EnviRent Corporation ............................................................. 47 Environmental Assessment & Remediations ............................. 52 Enviroscan ............................................................................ 30 EWMA .................................................................................. 47 Expedition Drilling, Inc ........................................................... 31 FPM-Remediations………………………………………………………………..72 Gannett Fleming.................................................................... 24 GEI Consultants, Inc. ............................................................. 71 General Borings, Inc .............................................................. 38 Geo-Cleanse International, Inc. .............................................. 13 GEOD Corporation ................................................................. 14 Geomatrix Consultants ........................................................... 54 Geophysical Applications, Inc.................................................. 45 GEOSPHERE Environmental Management, Inc.......................... 82 (Index of Advertisers continued on page 9) -8-

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2016 INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

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Geologic Mapping and Resource Evaluation, Inc.. .....................83 Hager Geoscience, Inc ............................................................57 Hager-Richter GeoScience, Inc ................................................58 Haley & Aldrich ......................................................................34 Hatch Mott MacDonald ...........................................................64 Hetager Drilling, Inc. ..............................................................21 Jonathan Paul Associates, Inc. ................................................74 Layne Christensen Company ...................................................77 Leggette, Brashears & Graham, Inc. .........Outside Rear Cover...88 Lincoln Applied Geology, Inc. ..................................................56 McLane Environmental, LLC ....................................................20 MC Environmental, LLC ...........................................................55 Maine Test Borings.................................................................35 NAEVA Geophysics, Inc. .........................................................61 New England Boring Contractors of CT., Inc. ............................24 Pennsylvania Drilling Company ................................................62 Probe Support Services...........................................................10 Quality Inspection Services, Inc...............................................17 Quantitative Hydrogeology, Inc ...............................................81 Regenesis..............................................................................75 ReRem ..................................................................................77 Rich, C. A., Consultants, Inc.....................Outside Rear Cover...88 Roux Associates, Inc ..............................................................11 SGS Environmental Services, Inc. ............................................46 SJB Services, Inc. ..................................................................36 Soil Mechanics Drilling Corporation ..........................................41 Soiltesting, Inc ......................................................................58 Sonic Drilling Services, Inc.………………………………………..……….…34 StoneHill Environmental, Inc ...................................................22 Stothoff, Samuel, Company, Inc ..............................................62 Summit Drilling Co., Inc..........................................................66 TAM International ..................................................................81 Tectonic Engineering ..............................................................79 Terracon ...............................................................................70 TRC Environmental Corporation…………………………………………….16 Zebra Environmental .............................................................48

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Presidential Ramblings June 2016 We are always looking to hear from our members, and our widely read newsletter is a great way to share with the membership the work that you do. We are especially interested in hearing from our student members. Be it student research, field camp experiences, or student perspectives, we would love to publish your work in this newsletter. If you’ve recently been selected as a recipient of our Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship, we all want to know what the scholarship has enabled you to do. As a former recipient of the ATMGS, I have decided to lead by example. In the pages that follow, you will find an article on my undergraduate research published way back in 1994. The ATMGS allowed me to pursue this research in the summer following geology field camp, and as a cash-strapped undergrad, I recognized what a great opportunity the award presented. I was able to directly apply the lessons recently learned in camp, and spent 8 weeks in the Adirondacks

(Ramblings continued on Page 12)

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with my fellow undergraduate researchers and my early mentor Jim “Chief” McLelland. We students learned a lot about petrology and petro-chemistry that summer, and suffered immensely under a cloud of black flies. It was one of those experiences older folks refer to as “character building”. In retrospect, that summer of research is what crystalized my love for geology and my passion for pursuing the answers to difficult questions. My hope is to inspire our current student members to follow my (ancient) lead; we’d really like to see more student research/articles in the pages of our newsletter.

Lastly, the 2019 National AIPG Meeting Sub-committee wants to hear from you!! Please send an email to info@ne-aipg.org if you have any hosting ideas for the 2019 National AIPG Meeting. The sub-committee is prepared to make executive decisions, but we are hoping to hear about your ideas… before time runs out.

We look forward to hearing from you. " es, my personal budget is tight, but I figure that, somehow, I can set Y aside $1 each day this year to give back to the profession that has given me so much! And I just wanted to tell you that I am delighted to know that every one of those hard-earned dollars that I contribute will be INVESTED in the Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship Perpetual Trust Fund, so that my contribution today will keep on giving, year after year! I am going to use the attached Scholarship Perpetual Trust Fund Pledge Form on Page 89."

- A CPG who invests annually in the ATMGS-PTF

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Originally published in the Colgate Journal of Sciences, Vol. 26 – 1994

HIGH PRESSURE PRODUCTION OF ANORTHOSITIC MAGMAS FROM OLIVINE GABBROS: POSSIBLE EXAMPLES FROM THE MARCY ADIRONDACKS MASSIF, ADIRONDACK MTS. Jeffrey Frederick '94 Within the Adirondack Highlands, plutons of metagabbro occur in proximity to anorthosite, especially along the margins of the Marcy massif. The metagabbros are generally olivine bearing and show little evidence of differentiation.

Geochronology indicate that the metagabbros are coeval with the 1130-1150 Ma anorthosite massifs. This close association in space and time suggests that the metagabbros may represent successive taps from ponded gabbroic magma parental to gabbroic anorthosite in a two- stage process of anorthosite genesis.

In the first stages, fractionation of gabbro at 10-12 kb leads to sinking of olivine + cpx ± spinel and, when liquids became sufficiently aluminous, flotation of intermediate (~An50) plagioclase. Subsequently diapirs of plagioclase rich crystal mush ascends into the crust and are emplaced as anorthositic gabbro or gabbroic anorthosite (i.e., Marcy facies). To test this model, 61 samples of Adirondack metagabbro have been analyzed for both major and minor elements. These data have been used to construct Harker variation diagrams which have, in turn, yielded average trends that evolve from low, SiO2 (42%), picritic compositions toward anorthositic gabbro (SiO2-50%). These trends are utilized to establish the compositions of model magmas at every 2 wt% over the interval SiO2 = 42-52 wt% and these concentrations are then arranged in successive parent daughter pairs. These pairs are subjected to least squares, mass-balance analysis in which realistic minerals are subtracted from the parent in order to generate a daughter whose composition is statistically closest to the model daughter (i.e., the sum of the squares of the residuals, R2<1). Application of this analysis indicates that the fractionation sequence ol + cpx ± sp -> ol + cpx + opx ± ilm produces daughters closely resembling the extrapolations.

When the differentiating magma becomes suff iciently aluminous, plagioclase (~An50) becomes a liquidous phase but floats at these pressures. When the magma reaches SiO2 50%, it ascends and entrains additional plagioclase enroute. Resultant magmas closely resemble gabbroic anorthosite indicating that high pressure fractionation of gabbro can yield massif anorthosite. Trace element modeling will further test this proposition.

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Introduction The time interval bracketing the intrusion of anorthositic rocks in the Adirondacks has been established at 1145-1125 Ma (McLelland and Chiarenzelli 1990). Olivine metagabbros that are found commonly in contact with the anorthosites have been dated at 1144 Âą7 (McLelland and Chiarenzelli 1990) and are therefore, coeval. The gabbroic bodies are believed to be periodic samplings of a voluminous gabbroic magma fractionating at depth, similar to the two stage model for anorthosite generation proposed by Longhi and Ashwal (1985). Diapirs of this magma are thought to have separated from the main chamber at various times during the evolution of the gabbros and are therefore expected to exhibit a range of compositions. If so, they would provide useful insights into the processes that occur at depth.

Following Kushiro (1980), Emslie (1978, 1985), and Fram and Longhi (1992), the author proposes that a volume of aluminous gabbro was ponded at approximately 10-12 kb.

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The melt fractionated plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxene in amounts and ratios consistent with experimental phase relationships (Fram and Longhi 1992). The composition of plagioclase observed in anorthositic rocks, typically (An 50), necessitates high pressure fractionation (10-12 kb) because anorthite content decreases at the rate of .01 An/kb in gabbroic magma (Fram and Longhi 1992).

At lower pressures, magmas such as these would yield plagioclase with compositions of An60-65.

This investigation will utilize the two stage model to attempt to quantify one possible fractionation scheme that makes it possible to derive massif gabbroic anorthosites from a tholeiitic gabbro similar to those found at mid- ocean ridges.

Materials and Methods Sixty-one olivine metagabbros were collected from sites throughout the Adirondacks, particularly from bodies found near anorthosite massifs. These samples were brought back to the lab for whole rock major and minor element analysis by X-ray fluorescence. The XRF was chosen because of the accuracy and precision of the data and the availability of the equipment.

Loss on Ignition Analysis. The rock samples were dried thoroughly in a convection oven and then reduced to a fine powder of approximately five to ten microns in diameter. The powders were placed back in the convection oven to remove more of the excess water. The samples were then subjected to loss on ignition analysis (L.O.I.). This procedure determines how much water is in the rock, and the data are used later to balance the XRF results. Powder was placed in a ceramic crucible and weighed to the nearest 0.0001 g. It was then placed in an oven and subjected to temperatures of 950°C for 2.5 hours. The sample was taken out of the oven and cooled in a desiccator for one hour. The sample was then re-weighed, and the L.O.I. was determined from Equation 1.

Equation l %L.O.I. = (weight before ignition) - (weight after) X 100 weight of sample before ignition

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Glass Disk Preparation.

Portions of all the samples were dried and ground to a fine powder. The powders were placed in a convection oven and dried at 110°C for one hour. Lithium tetraborate flux was dried in a muffle oven for two hours at 500°C to remove any water that might have been present. The powder was then mixed with the rock sample in a ratio of 9:1, accurate to within 0.0003 g. The powders were then mixed for ten minutes.

The powdered samples were placed in a platinum crucible, and 10-12 drops of 2% lithium iodide solution was added. The crucible was placed in the muffle oven for 8 minutes at 1050°C. The liquid was poured into a mold and cooled slowly to prevent cracking. The disks were labeled and placed in a desiccator until analysis.

Description of Olivine Metagabbros Location. The sample collection sites are shown on Figure 1. The majority of samples were collected from sites in direct contact with the March anorthositic massif (TH, TX, LD). Samples were also collected from the Oregon Dome area (Magma continued on Page 22) Specialist in Environmental, Geotechnical & Core Drilling No Job Too Large or Too Small

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and various sites near Lake George. Gabbroic bodies such as these occur throughout the eastern Adirondack region and as stated earlier, have been shown to be contemporaneous with the anorthosite massifs (McLelland and Chiarenzelli 1990). Field Description.

Samples were collected primarily from individual gabbroic bodies that were within close spatial proximity to the anorthosite massifs. Internally, the outcrop bodies were massive and homogeneous and showed little evidence of layering or any other form of internal differentiation.

The entire Adirondack region was subjected to granulite facies metamorphism during the Ottowan orogeny which peaked 1060 Ma (McLelland and Chiarenzelli 1990). By this time the plutons had completely crystallized and were being strongly deformed and metamorphosed. The deformation, however, was not homogenous. The interiors of the gabbroic bodies remained undeformed, while the outer edges exhibit evidence of extensive deformation. This can be seen in the preservation of igneous textures near the cores of the plutons, while distinct metamorphic fabric developed closer to the edges (Whitney and McLelland 1973).

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Some of the samples exhibit lamination of plagioclase crystals, which could result from several processes. The laminations are not likely to be tectonic in origin because the plagioclase crystals are not deformed. It is also unlikely that the laminations are the result of settling of cumulate plagioclase because no compositional layering is present. It is most likely that the laminar features are the result of magmatic flow. The samples of olivine metagabbro collected were predominantly medium grained with dark brown weathered surfaces.

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On fresh surfaces, the true gray to gray-green color was observed. Most notably, these rocks contain large green plagioclase laths averaging 6 mm in length. The green color in the plagioclase crystals is attributed to spinel clouding which is metamorphic in origin and is thoroughly described by McLelland and Whitney (1973, 1980). Garnet is also a significant phase present in almost all of the samples.

Notable characteristics seen in thin section are the garnet coronas that developed between olivine and plagioclase (McLelland and Whitney 1980). These coronas, as well as the spinel- clouded plagioclase, developed during metamorphism related to the Ottowan orogeny and are described in detail by Whitney and McLelland (1973). Metamorphic reaction coronas are also seen surrounding other phases, including ilmenite and magnetite, ilmenite being the more predominant of the two. These oxides are surrounded by brown aluminous hornblende, with occasional flakes of red, ophitic biotite occurring in close proximity to the oxide (Whitney and McLelland 1973). These rocks are dominated by metamorphic mineral assemblages, which are useful in formulating constraints on the composition of the original gabbroic body but differ from original olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase in the rocks.

Composition of the Olivine Metagabbros Whole rock chemical analyses of the metagabbros were acquired by XRF, and the data are presented in Table 1 (page 26). The overall composition of the samples is identical to gabbro and very similar to olivine tholeiite basalt. It should be noted that the whole rock chemistry is believed to have remained constant throughout the Ottowan granulite facies metamorphism. This assumption is based on the anhydrous and undeformed nature of the interiors of the olivine metagabbro bodies (Whitney and McLelland 1973). Because the deformation did not affect the interiors, there was no means for establishing a network of fractures and joints. Without this plumbing system, fluids and gases were unable to penetrate the interiors and provide a means for mineral transport. Therefore, the system remained closed and remarkably pristine in its whole rock chemistry.

The data have been presented graphically by means of Harker variation diagrams (Figure 2-page 28). The open circles represent samples with high silica values corresponding to the Whiteface facies anorthositic gabbros, as described

by Buddington (1939) and McLelland et al. (1993). These rocks are believed to bethe final differentiates in the first phase fractionation history of the (Magma continued on page 26) -25-

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anorthositic magma. Four samples listed under the heading of DT-26, 46, 47, and 62, which were collected from various metagabbroic bodies (Figure 1page 27), were added to the data because they represent intrusive olivine gabbros from the eastern Adirondacks. Samples 3-43-77 and 3-41-77 are indicative of intermediate olivine gabbros commonly found in the Adirondack park (McLelland, pers. comm. 1993).

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It should be noted that the percentage of cumulates represented in the sample pool remains uncertain. Samples that appeared to be obvious cumulates, (i.e., showed layering of any kind, either primary magmatic or tectonic), were excluded. Also excluded were samples that exhibit extreme compositions such as magnesium greater than 20 wt%, iron content greater than 35 wt%, or silica content less than 40 wt%. Any one of these extreme compositional components are indicative of cumulate layering, and therefore, are to be avoided (Ashwal 1982). In this manner the percentage of samples that are thought to represent liquids was increased relative to the samples that appeared to represent cumulates. Notwithstanding, it is probable that some cumulate material remains in the sample pool.

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Several samples from other investigations were added to the data pool because it is thought that they accurately represent various staged of anorthositic crystallization history. Magmas Ml and M2 (McLelland et al. 1993) are two such samples. Ml is a model magma that best represents a gabbroic anorthosite that was left behind after filter pressing removed the mafic constituents (McLelland et al. 1993). The authors consider M2, an anorthositic gabbro, may represent the best parental magma for Ml. These samples were included in the data pool to provide a visual means for comparing the trends established in this study to those described in previous works.

Smooth lines were passed through the data points (Figure 2) and major element concentrations for six sequential SiO2 compositions were taken at two weight percent increments.

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The extrapolated values are shown in Table 2. The low end of these extrapolated points represents a picritic gabbro with an Si2 value of 42 wt%. At the high end, silica values of 52 wt% closely approximate a gabbroic anorthosite. These values are used to generate model magmas D-42 through D-52 (Table 2).

The trends observed in the Harker variation diagrams show distinct silica enrichment trends (Figure 2). Oxide enrichment is also evident in calcium, sodium, and aluminum. The oxide trends in each diagram converge on anorthositic gabbro. These trends are consistent with the tow stage model for fractionating anorthosite proposed by Longhi and Ashwal (1985) and the experimental fractionation done by Fram and Longhi (1992). Depletion trends are observed for FeO, MgO, and MnO. This is also consistent with the fractionation scheme by which massif anorthosites are generated (Longhi and Ashwal 1985).

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Fractionation scheme for magmas D-42 to D-Model magmas D-42 through D52 were subjected to least squares mass balance calculations (Byran 1986). This was done to derive a daughter magma from a parental magma by removing specific amounts of a mineral and minimizing the residuals between the calculated and observed daughter. The validity of these calculations can be based on three criteria: 1) that the sum of the squared values of the residuals (R2) be less than one; 2) that the mineral phases being removed be plausible and consistent with those removed from actual fractionating magmas; and 3) that the total number of phases being removed at any one stage be less than five. The reasoning behind the last criterion is that as the number of phases in the calculation increases, the tendency for R2 to decrease below one also increases, although the fractionating mineralogy may bear little resemblance to petrologically realistic scenarios.

Magma D-42 presents some problems in the mass balance calculation because picrites at 42 wt% SiO2 are very close to the value of a presumed cumulate (Ashwal 1982). For this reason, the mass balance calculations began with model magma D-44. The firs mass balance calculations began with model magma D-44. The first mass balance calculation derives D-46 from D-44 by fractionating 56% forsterite55, 39% clinopyroxene, and 5% spinel. The extraction of these mineral phases is consistent with the experimental findings of Fram and Longhi (1991) and accepted petrological phase relations (Figures 3a, 3b-page 37). The sum of the squares of the residuals is less than one, and the number of phases being removed is less than five. Plagioclase is also on the liquidus at this early stage of crystallization (Figure 3a), but it is not removed from the melt.

Plagioclase crystals that form at pressures of 10-12 kb have a density less than that of the magma. These crystals float, thereby remaining in contact with the magma.

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Phone: 609-393-4442 FAX: 609-393-5999 E-mail:cgraff5297@aol.com cgraff5297@aol.com -36-

(Magma continued from page 35)

However, this is only one of many satisfactory calculations. For each stop of the fractionation calculations, alternative mass balance calculations were performed (Table 3). The calculations used in the development of the mode (Figure 4) were those that the author felt most comfortable with and deemed most likely.

The calculations are carried out for each stop, with phases being extracted at any one time consistent with experimental data and phase petrology. The percentage of liquid left after the crystallizing phases have been removed is shown on Figure 4. These values begin with the extraction of olivine, clinopyroxene, and spinel from D-44.

(Magma continued on page 39) -37-

info@clearwaterdrillinginc.om

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(Magma continued from page 37)

(Magma continued on page 40)

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(Magma continued from page 39)

The remaining calculations are done in this manner until the final magma, D-52, has been derived. This calculated daughter magma is very similar to the values observed in the rocks of the Whiteface facies anorthositic gabbro (McLelland et al. 1993). Discussion The extraction of realistic minerals from the extrapolated magma compositions result in a final magma that closely approximates the composition of anorthositic Whiteface facies rocks. This combined with the low R2 values suggest that the model is correct. Starting with a rock of gabbroic composition and extracting mafic minerals that are consistent with the experimental results of Fram and Longhi (1992), the magma is driven to an increasingly anorthositic composition.

The mass balance calculations in this investigation were based on the crystallization sequence as follows: Olivine

Olivine + CPX

Olivine + CPX + Plagioclase

This sequence is consistent with phase equilibria at 10-12 kilobars of pressure (Figure 3a) as well as models proposed by Buddington (1939, p. 31). Small quantities of spinel precipitate in the early stages of fractionation. This is consistent with phase relations in the system Anorthite- Dioposide- Forsterite (Figure 3b). Although the exact timing of the onset of plagioclase crystallization is not known, it is not removed in the mass balance calculations. This is because the plagioclase crystals that form at 10-12 kb have a density lower than that of the magma, and therefore, float. In a closed system, the plagioclase crystals would not interact with the magma and therefore would not be taken into account in the mass balance calculations. However, it is more likely that the plagioclase crystals would interact with the ascending diapirs. In an open system, plagioclase crystals floating at the top of the magma chamber would be entrained in the rising magma. To account for this process in the calculations,¡ plagioclase of the proper composition (An 50) was added to calculations three and four (Table 3). If plagioclase is not entrained into the rising diapir, large quantities of non-realistic minerals must be removed to attain satisfactory calculations (Table 3).

The results drawn from the model indicate that quantity of aluminous basalt was ponded at the crust-mantle interface by means of a density barrier (Kurshiro 1980). The density of the average sialic crust is 2.9 gm/cm3, and the density of the mantle is 3.1-3.3 gm/cm3 (McBirney 1984). The mantle plume rose with (Magma continued on Page 42) -40-

-41-

(Magma continued from page 40)

a slightly lower density than the surrounding mantle but is not buoyant enough to pass through the crust. Once ponding had occurred, the magma began to fractionate at pressures of10-12 kb and depths of 35 to 40 km.

The first phases to crystallize were olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase. At 10-12 kb, olivine and pyroxene have a density greater than that of the magma, while plagioclase forms with a density less than the magma, and therefore, floats (Fram and Longhi 1992). The result is a plagioclase rich crystal mush floating on the top of the magma chamber, while the mafics are concentrated in the lower portions of the chamber. The plagioclase crystal mush eventually ascends in diapirs and is emplaced in the mid- to upper crust (Longhi and Ashwal 1985). As the diapir ascends, the stability of field of plagioclase expands and more plagioclase crystallizes (Figure 3a). However, the compositions of anorthosite samples taken from the field (An50) indicate that the majority of plagioclase crystals formed at pressures of 10-12 kb.

The anorthositic bodies were later intruded by the olivine gabbros, some of which entrained plagioclase crystals as they rose through the magma chamber.

The cross-cutting relationship between the two has been described by McLelland and Chiarenzelli (1990). We believe that the gabbros represent periodic samplings of a magma fractionating at depth (Longhi and Ashwal 1985). They were intruded into the mid- upper crust at random times throughout history.

Therefore, the gabbroic bodies represent a sequence of rocks that fractionated from the magma ponded below the crust. These samples were then used to establish trends and illustrate the feasibility of a model that derives gabbroic anorthosite from an aluminous basalt fractionating at pressures of 10-12 kb.

Summary The results of this investigation indicate that anorthositic rocks typically found in the Adirondacks can be generated by extracting mafic constituents from a magma ponded at depth. By taking samples of gabbroic bodies spatially oriented near the massifs, fractionation trends were established that derive anorthosites from an aluminous basalt. We believe this process is responsible for the generation of Proterozoic massif anorthosites of the Grenville province.

Acknowledgements This work has been funded by a summer research grant from the National Science Foundation, awarded to Colgate University. Many of the ideas in this paper originated in the mind of James McLelland, and I would like to thank him for enlightening me.

(End) -42-

JANUARY 2016 MEETING MINUTES NE SECTION – AIPG EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING Monday January 11, 2016 Conference Call Bob Blauvelt, Jeff Frederick, Michael Grifasi, Jessica McEachern, Chris Brown, Luke Mahier, Dennis McGrath, Chris Proce, Jean Nueubeck, Samantha Eckes, Luanne Whitbeck, Tom West, Laurie Scheuing

Call to Order: 4:08 PM Secretary’s Report: October 2015 minutes prepared by Tom West and December 2015 minutes prepared by Michael Grifasi. Both the October and December meeting minutes were reviewed and minor edits recommended.

A motion was made, seconded and there was no further discussion. Meeting minutes were approved for publication in the newsletter, with the recommended edits.

Treasurer’s Report: The NE Section budget is currently in good standing.

The NE Section received contributions in November and December which will be added to the Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship (ATMGS) fund. The 2016 proposed NE Section budget was discussed.

While some adjustments were made, most of the line items were similar to 2015. Bank card fees have increased and web hosting fees are expected to increase in 2016. Short course revenue has been cut dramatically. It was recommended that the NE Section rethink their approach to future short courses. While the proposal to increase section dues has been submitted to National, the dues will not increase until 2017. The possibility of hosting a larger, more formal event in 2016 was discussed.

(Meeting continued on page 45)

atlantic@ce.net

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ksequino@directionaltech.com

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(Meeting continued from page 43)

Approval for continuing education units (CEUs) prior to meetings would likely increase overall attendance. The addition of adding a line item for the NE Section to support student chapters was suggested. In addition to providing student chapter financial support (seed money), issues of The Professional Geologist (TPG) could also be gifted. The status of the ATMGS fund was reviewed. The economic market has been down recently, which could potentially affect future scholarship awards; however, ExCom recognized the need for developing additional sources to sustain the scholarship fund. A brief discussion pertaining to outside geological groups supporting scholarships ensued.

Correspondence: ď&#x201A;ˇ Correspondence pertaining to a new student chapter had been sent to Jeff Frederick. Jeff indicated that he would forward the e-mail to the ExCom. Old Business: ď&#x201A;ˇ 2019 National Meeting Update: A brief call to action will be sent out to members of the National Conference Sub-Committee for ideas pertaining to the 2019 National meeting.

(Meeting continued on page 46)

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www.us.sgs.com

(Meeting continued from page 45)

New Business:  Spring Meeting: The 2016 NE Section Spring Meeting was discussed. Syracuse, NY was proposed as a potential location for the meeting. Reach out to both the Central New York Association of Professional Geologists (CNYAPG) and Buffalo Association of Professional Geologists (BAPG) would be considered. The NE Section could time the Spring Meeting to align with a CNYAPG meeting, perhaps sharing space as well as event content. Michael Grifasi will reach out to CNYAPG to see if they would be interested in teaming up for this meeting. 

Scholarship Update: A total of 20 applications have been received for the 2016 award year, lower than the two years prior. ATMGS selection committee evaluations are expected to be completed before the March 2016 meeting. The number of awards and total amount proposed will be presented at that time.



Newsletter Update: Chris Proce indicated that the due date for content for the upcoming newsletter was January 15, 2016 with an anticipated distribution date of January 31, 2016. Meeting minutes from previous meetings and ExCom bios will be included. Both ideas for content as well as actual content are needed. It was recommended that the ExCom reach out to (Meeting continued on page 49) -46-

Www.ewma.com

Www.environmentalrental.com Www.envirent.com -47-

Www.teamzebra.com -48-

(Meeting continued from page 46)

previous scholarship applicants and recipients for content. Details associated with the upcoming “Career Blast” in Albany, NY will be added to the January newsletter. 

NE Section ExCom Elections: NE Section ExCom elections will take place in August, 2016. Elections will consist of a new slate of officers as well as three at large members. For those with intent to stay on the ExCom, notification can be sent to Dennis McGrath.

Adjournment: - 6:03 PM: A motion was made and seconded with no discussion. Motion for adjournment passed and the meeting adjourned.

(End)

Set a Lofty Personal Goal for Scholarship: 1. Contribute Something/Anything Now (& Each Year) to the Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship Perpetual Trust Fund!

2.100% Participation: Each of Us, Doing Our Part, Each Year!

Use the attached Scholarship Perpetual Trust Fund Pledge Form on Page 89

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Curt Kraemer Is Honored With Russell G. Slayback Award, For Exemplary Service, Above & Beyond, To NE/AIPG Dick Young, CPG Newsletter Publisher and Advertising Manager Curt Kraemer, CPG-06019, was presented with the Northeast Section’s highest honor, the Russell G. Slayback Award, at the Spring Meeting on May 18, 2016.

Curt Receiving Slayback Award with, from left, Jeff Fredrick, and fellow previous award recipients; Tom West, Dick Young, Curt (holding plaque), Dennis McGrath, and Dan St. Germain Curt’s service to NE/AIPG spans over 28 years, . . . and is highlighted by his essential and continuing role as Editor of the Directory of Members for 19 years. This particular volunteer work by Curt has been instrumental in aiding the geographically-diverse membership of the Northeast Section to have an “On The Desk-Top” reference to connect with and to refer to other Section Members, as well as a compendium of the various Professional Fields of Practice. Additionally, during his 12 years of service on the Executive Committee, Curt fulfilled (Slayback continued on page 51) -50-

(Slayback continued from page 50)

the responsibilities of the various roles of Treasurer, Vice President, President, and Past-President, as well as taking leadership roles in Financial Planning, Treasury, work on the 2004 Annual Meeting, and a decade of selecting locations and speakers for Section Meetings.

Curt, through his leadership and service, truly has provided a legacy of “Exemplary Service, Above and Beyond, To the Northeast Section of AIPG!”

Curt Kraemer’s Slayback award plaque, documenting his extensive service to the Section.

In his Letter of Commendation to Curt, Russ Slayback, CPG-02305, (whose remarkable dedication and service to NE/AIPG inspired the creation of the Slayback Award) wrote, in part:

“Curt, you have had a long history of service to the Section going back to your initial term on the Executive Committee dating back 27 years to 1989. You have diligently filled all of the key positions, including Treasurer, Vice President and President. Most notably have been the Editor and compiler of the Section Directory, a largely thankless job for the past 18 years, a resource that I have frequently used. You were also instrumental in the huge success of the 2004 AIPG Annual Meeting in Saratoga.”

(Slayback continued on page 53)

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(Slayback continued from page 51)

“Your long-term dedication to the Northeast Section has been most appreciated, and I hope you take satisfaction from this well-deserved award.”

In his Letter of Commendation to Curt, Michael J McEachern, CPG 03825, (who served NE/AIPG on the Executive Committee, as well as Secretary-Treasurer 1984-1986, Vice President 1987-1990, and President 1991-1992), wrote, in part: “Curt, I am very pleased to learn that you have been selected to receive the Russell G. Slayback award, recognizing your many years of service and dedication to the Northeast Section. I am rewarded in my old age by being asked to write a letter such as this after so many years in the Section, including in the Executive Committee, where we first met and I witnessed your many contributions. Much has changed since then but you have continued to be a quiet force, running the membership directory, keeping members up-to-

date on each other’s professional lives and doing so many things behind the scenes.”

“You have carried on Russ’s tradition of service, participating in vital Section business while never seeking attention for your efforts that continue to this day. I want to thank you, Curt, for your service and friendship for so long a time.”

Concept of the Slayback Award The concept of the Slayback Award is to provide: "Honor and Recognition of Exemplary Service, Above and Beyond, To the Northeast Section of AIPG.” Thus, the Slayback Award is intended to be presented on those rare occasions when truly landmark, exemplary service has been given to the Northeast Section of AIPG for a protracted period of time by an AIPG Certified Professional Geologist who is a Member of the Northeast Section. "On those rare occasions" is the operative phrase, as the Slayback Award was never intended to be "presented annually." Confidentiality, to maintain the element of surprise in honoring the Recipient and his/her long service, is a cornerstone concept of the Slayback Award.

(Slayback continued on page 54) -53-

John.Luttinger@amec.com

(Slayback continued from page 53)

The formative concept of the Slayback Award was to honor Russ Slayback, CPG, for his remarkable commitment, dedication, and service to the Northeast Section, . . . which included:    

Numerous, long-standing roles on the Executive Committee, Leadership in fulfilling various Offices of the Section, Remarkable, long-standing commitment as Newsletter Editor for many years, Yeoman, protracted Service to the Section, in uncountable ways.

Background Both well before and since Angelo Tagliacozzo was honored with the Slayback Award in 2007, it had been clearly recognized that there were several NE/AIPG Section Geologists who are long-serving and highlydeserving of the Slayback Award. A series of health, life, and work issues preclude the previous Slayback Award recipients from proceeding with presentation of the Slayback Award to these individuals, as anticipated in 2008 and 2009. In the Spring of 2010, it was clearly recognized that several exceptional Section Members (with very long histories of remarkable service) were clearly "way overdue" to be honored. Arrangements were (Slayback continued on Page 56) -54-

mike@mc-environmental.net

Looking for Material for the Northeast Section Newsletterâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;We want you!

There is plenty of room for growth in the Newsletter, and the digital/internet versions offer many opportunities to add value to your organization So, if you are interested, email myself at neaipg.editor@gmail.com or Dick Young at ryoungnj@aol.com.

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(Slayback continued from page 54)

made to proceed with the preparation and the presentation of the Slayback Award to several individuals, . . . only to have a variety of lastminute crises prevent that from coming to fruition. The press of work, other on-going volunteer work for NE/AIPG, real life, etc. resulted in the continuing delays. Finally, beginning in the Spring of 2015, the opportunity to honor those exceptional NE/AIPG Members was resumed.

Nominations For The Slayback Award Anyone may provide written, descriptive nominations of candidates ( . . . and of their contributions to NE/AIPG) for the Slayback Award, by CONFIDENTIALLY submitting the nomination to any one of the previous recipients. Selection of Awardees is made by the previous recipients, in confidential discussions with the NE/AIPG Section President. Individual Members of the ExCom may be consulted for their input on a confidential basis. Confidentiality, to maintain the element of surprise in honoring the Recipient(s) and his/her/their long service, is a cornerstone concept of the Slayback Award.

(Slayback continued on page 57)

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(Slayback continued from page 56)

Previous Slayback Award Recipients The Slayback Award has a long history of deserving recipients who have selflessly given their time and talent to NE/AIPG starting with the Awardâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s namesakeâ&#x20AC;?

Russ Slayback, CPG-02305 - The Slayback Award was created to honor Russ Slayback, CPG, for his remarkable service, commitment, and dedication to the Northeast Section, . . . which included numerous, longstanding roles on the Executive Committee, leadership in fulfilling various Offices of the Section, remarkable, long-standing commitment as Newsletter Editor for many years, and protracted Service to the Section, in uncountable ways.

Dick Young, CPG-03356 - On October 18, 2000 Angelo Tagliacozzo, CPG - On May 16, 2007 Dennis McGrath, CPG-08578 -

On May 14, 2015

Dan St. Germain, CPG-07858 - On May 14, 2015 Tom West, CPG-08935 - On October 14, 2015 (End) -57-

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ANGELO TAGLIACOZZO MEMORIAL GEOLOGICAL SCHOLARSHIP 2015 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2016 ACADEMIC YEAR FINAL STATUS REPORT Dennis G. McGrath, CPG Chair, Scholarship Committee This yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s scholarship committee (Sam Gowan, Dean Herrick, Len Rexrode, Craig Werle, Tom West, Luanne Whitbeck, and I) recently completed a review and evaluation of 20 scholarship applications received in December 2015. Evaluation criteria include financial need, academic qualifications, career goals, achievements (e.g., awards, projects, publications, senior thesis, etc.), and the faculty recommendation letter. Financial need and academic qualifications were weighed more heavily than the other factors in accordance with the weighting scheme that has been used now for four years. The committee then convened via teleconference to discuss the overall ratings, recommend an award pool, and select the award recipients.

At the risk of repeating of what I keep saying every year, we received another outstanding group of student applicants. While academic achievement does not assure an applicant of receiving a scholarship, 17 of the 20 applicants maintained greater than a 3.0 (out of 4.0) overall grade point average (gpa); 13 applicants maintained greater than a 3.7 gpa! The academic qualifications presented by the applicants were outstanding, and many of the financial needs were compelling. The results of the evaluations among the seven committee members were very consistent this year, and the composite results reflected that consistency. The award amount for this year was chosen after considering quality of the applicants, performance of the trust fund over the past year, and the overall financial health of the NE Section. An award pool of $16,000 was selected as an appropriate award amount. The top two applicants received comparable evaluation scores, so we decided to award $2,500 to each of them; the next three recipients received $2,000 each; the next two recipients $1,500 each; and the last two recipients $1,000 each. During the Executive Committee meeting on March 7, 2016, the committee presented the Board of Trustees with a recommendation to award a total of $16,000 to the nine applicants. The Board of Trustees approved the recommendation.

(Scholarship continued on page 63) -59-

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LITTLE THINGS YOU CAN DO Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s going on out there? Let your colleagues know what you are working on, your new position, or a new company.

Simply e-mail a paragraph or more to: neaipg.editor@gmail.com or cproce@rouxinc.com Become active in your section. Attend one of our Spring or Fall meetings.

For details, simply e-mail jneubeck@alphageoscience.com or gode78@verizon.net .

Join our Executive Committee. We always have openings for creative, committed Geologists who want to make a difference, . . . and not much is asked of your time.

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David Lyman Phone: 908-782-2116 -62-

(Scholarship continued from page 59)

The NE-AIPG is proud to announce the nine recipients for the 2015-2016 academic year. The name of each recipient, the college or university they attend, and the award amounts are listed below: Christina Comuso Kathy Lipshultz Morgan Lee Brandan Sumeersarnauth Megan Thompson-Munson Zachary Ernest Mason Brittany O’Brien Patrick Cummings Nicole Schneider

Stockton University Colby College Stockton University Eastern Connecticut State Univ.

University of Mass. - Amherst University of Maine SUNY – Fredonia Syracuse University Brooklyn College

$2,500 $2,500 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $1,500 $1,500 $1,000 $1,000

This year, checks were presented in person to three recipients – Christina Comuso and Morgan Lee at Stockton University and Nicole Schneider at Brooklyn College (see photos below). Checks were mailed to the remaining six recipients. Each of the applicants that did not receive an award was sent an acknowledgement letter.

Those that will maintain their eligibility for next year were encouraged to apply again. All applicants who are not already AIPG student members, receive a student membership in AIPG. For me, it was very special to be able to present three recipients their scholarship checks in person; I think the recipients appreciated it too. At the same time, I was also able to meet with some of the faculty at both Brooklyn College and Stockton University. Students and faculty at both colleges have expressed an interest in starting student chapters. I will be working with them to initiate that process in September.

Lastly, I want to close by thanking each member of the scholarship committee for their time and effort evaluating the 20 applications and selecting the 2016 scholarship recipients.

ATTENTION UNDERGRADUATES: APPLY NEXT YEAR TO BE PART OF THE LONG PRESIGOUS HISTORY OF SUCCESSFUL STUDENTS RECEIVING SUPPORT FOR THEIR GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION GOALS! (Scholarship Continued on Page 65) -63-

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(Scholarship continued from Page 63)

Nicole Schneider of Brooklyn College with her scholarship award and Matthew Garb (faculty sponsor).

Christina Comuso and Morgan Lee of Stockton University receiving their scholarship awards.

(End) -65-

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Www.connecticuttestborings.com -67-

NEAIPG Spring Joint Meeting with LIAPG Wednesday, May 18th Tilcon Quarry, West Nyack, NY Jessica McEachern, CPG Executive Committee, President Elect Jean Neubeck, CPG Executive Committee, AIPG National Editor The Northeast Spring Meeting was held on May 18 th and featured a group tour of the Tilcon quarry located in West Nyack, NY. The tour was led by Michael Dorsey Jr, production foreman.

The West Nyack Quarry began initial operations in 1911. The quarry was initially owned by the Trap Rock Company. The site is 150 acres and provides basalt trap rock. The Dahm Family acquired the site in the 1920s and it stayed in the family until 1954 when it was sold to New York Trap Rock. During World War II the quarry supplied stone to the U.S. Army. The stone also was used in the construction of the NY Thruway and the Palisades Parkway.

(Meeting continued on Page 71) -68-

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(Meeting continued from Page 68)

Tilcon New York Inc was founded in 1981. Tilcon’s operations include quarries, asphalt plants, sand and gravel sites, recycling centers, water terminals and paving crews. These facilities serve the five Boroughs of New York City, the lower Hudson Valley, Long Island and the central and northern New Jersey markets with construction materials and road construction services. Tilcon has worked on some of the most iconic and prestigious projects in the region, including the Freedom Tower in Lower Manhattan, beneath New York City streets in the Second Ave Subway, and on Governors Island. Tilcon has paved at Newark Liberty International Airport, Teterboro Airport and the Lincoln Tunnel. Tilcon is part of the Oldcastle Materials Group.

The tour presented an up-close view of the process of producing construction materials from outcrop to trucking. We were given an informative overview of the processes involved, including stone blasting and crushing. To the delight of the “hard rock” geology enthusiasts, we were also introduced to the lithology, historical geology, structural geology, and mineralogy aspects of the mine. The formation that is being mined is the Palisades Sill and the current reserves will last the mine over one hundred years.

(Meeting continued on Page 74)

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(Meeting continued from Page 71)

We were even lucky enough to witness (and feel) a blast!

(Meeting continued on Page 76)

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mdooley@regenesis.com

Www.chacompanies.com -75-

(Meeting continued from Page 74)

Following the tour, the NE-AIPG Executive Committee held its business meeting at Banchetto Feast restaurant in Nanuet, NY. After adjourning the meeting, almost 50 members from NE-AIPG and LIAPG enjoyed catching up with associates, meeting new friends and networking during a social hour and open bar sponsored by York Labs. Attendees munched on appetizers before helping themselves to an Italian-inspired dinner buffet of pastas and entrees of chicken, veal, eggplant, and tilapia. NE-AIPG presented the Section’s prestigious Slayback Award to Curt Kraemer (read the related article—Page 50) before President Jeff Fredrick

Jeff Frederick welcomed the crowd of approximately 50 geologists and introduced the evening speaker, John Conrad. introduced the evening speaker, consulting geologist John Conrad presented “Drilling for Carbon-Storing Rocks in Suburban New York: Characterizing the Triassic Newark Basin for Potential Geologic Storage of CO2.”

(Meeting continued on Page 78) -76-

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(Meeting continued from Page 76)

John and others formed a consortium in 2009 to study the geology of the Newark Basin and shed light on the potential for commercial-scale carbon dioxide storage within the Basin. John credited the project team that included researchers from Lamont-Doherty, Rutgers, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Schlumberger Carbon Services, and geologists with the New York State Museum.

Evening speaker John Conrad presented the methods and findings of a multi-faceted project near the border of New York and New Jersey that investigated the potential for carbon sequestration in the Newark Basin.

Conceptual Schematic of Carbon Capture & Storage

(Meeting continued on Page 80) -78-

Www.tectonicengineering.com -79-

(Meeting continued from Page 78)

John presented an overview of Newark Basin geology and summarized the field and laboratory efforts including photographing and analyzing approximately 3,700 feet of rock core; preparing and analyzing thin sections; and analyzing porosity and permeability in the laboratory. A seismic survey of two perpendicular seismic lines also was performed that traversed parts of Rockland County, NY, and northern New Jersey. The seismic data were used to evaluate thickness, depth, geometry, orientation and structural features of different rock layers within the Basin.

A major accomplishment of the field effort was drilling a 6885foot stratigraphic borehole located at Exit 14 of the NY State Thruway in Rockland County. The borehole penetrated thick lacustrine sequences and the Palisades Sill diabase and included a comprehensive program of downhole geophysical logging. Researchers at Lawrence-Berkeley National Lab conducted geochemical experiments on core and fluid samples and performed computer modeling to estimate CO2 dissolution rates and mineralization of injected CO2.

(Meeting continued on Page 81) -80-

madecillis@optonline.net

Www.tamintl.com/hydrological (Meeting continued from Page 80)

John kept the audience involved in the presentation.

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Some of the findings and conclusions of the project included that: Well-developed Stockton sandstones exist below the Palisades sill at the borehole location; The presence of abundant lithified, low permeability mudstones/siltstones that can act as confining caprock was confirmed; There may be additional potential trapping mechanisms where reservoir units are cross-cut by the Palisades Sill (which is approximately 1000 feet thick at the Thruway borehole location); Intra-basin faulting may add more potential localized reservoir traps; There is a need to look deeper in the Newark Basin, likely in NJ and PA, because the window for supercritical CO2 storage is 2,500 feet or deeper.

(End)

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ANGELO TAGLIACOZZO MEMORIAL GEOLOGICAL SCHOLARSHIP PERPETUAL TRUST FUND LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS SINCE 1987 (List Updated Through November 2014)

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