Data Digest: Issue 1 – Treatment Court Funding

Introduction Treatment courts generally rely on local, state, and federal funding to operate their programs.

This issue of the National Drug Court Resource Center’s Data Digest provides data regarding funding for adult drug courts, veterans treatment courts, and tribal healing to wellness courts from FY2016–FY2021. Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Drug Court Discretionary Grant Program funding is competitively awarded through a peer review process. Funding is used to implement new programs, expand and enhance existing programs, and support statewide efforts to expand treatment court services.

The data presented in Figures 1, 3, and 4 provide an overview of the allocation of funds made for fiscal years 2016–2021. The maps presented in Figures 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7 present the total number of awards by court type, year, and state/territory.

What is most notable is that the total amount of funding for treatment courts has more than doubled between FY2016–FY2021. Moreover, the total number of states/territories receiving funding has increased over time, and there has been a diversification in the types of courts receiving BJA funding.

If you have any questions concerning the data presented, please contact the National Drug Court Resource Center (NDCRC) at ndcrc@uncw.edu.

Funding by Fiscal Year and Court Type (U.S. Dollars) Figure 1

1

A Bigger Picture Over the course of the last 6 fiscal years, the amount of funding provided to treatment court programs around the United States and its territories has more than doubled. BJA provided $21.5 million in FY2016 as compared to $61.6 million in FY2021, which represents a 186 percent increase in funding. Between FY2016–FY2020, the total number of awards made annually by BJA increased by 95 percent. There was a reduction in the number of awards made in FY2021, which was due to fewer applications for funding received. This reduction in applications was likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 63 awards were given in FY2016, 53 in FY2017, 83 in FY2018, 90 in FY2019, 123 in FY2020, and 95 in FY2021. In summary, BJA has collectively awarded $254,160,357 through 507 awards to programs, tribes, and states/territories in the United States between FY2016–FY2021.

Total Funding by Fiscal Year (U.S. Dollars) Figure 2

2

Number of Courts Funded by Type & Fiscal Year Figure 3

3

How much was awarded?

Bureau of Justice Assistance funding allocated to programs, tribes, and states/territories for FY2016–FY2021 by state/territory is detailed in Figures 4.1–4.6. The total number of states/ territories receiving funding has varied between 27 in 2017 and 39 (in both 2018 and 2019).

Beginning in 2018, there was an observed increase in the amount of funding awarded, which corresponds with the increase in overall funding from BJA.

FY2016

Florida

Minnesota

New Jersey

FY2017

Michigan

Tennessee

Utah

FY2018

Michigan

New York

Tennessee

FY2019

Minnesota

Montana

Ohio

FY2020

Ohio

California

Michigan

FY2021

What states/territories were awarded the most funding by year?

California

Louisiana

Ohio

4

Funding Allocation by Year & State/Territory Figure 4

Figure 4.1

Note Appropriations: ADC $42,000,000/VTC $6,000,000 Statutory Authority: 42 U.S.C. § 3797u, et seq.

Figure 4.2

Note Appropriations: ADC $43,000,000/VTC $7,000,000 Statutory Authority: 42 U.S.C. § 3797u, et seq.; awards may also be funded under statutory authority provided by a full-year appropriations act for FY 2017. As of the writing of this solicitation, the Department of Justice is operating under a short-term “Continuing Resolution;” no full-year appropriation for the Department has been enacted for FY 2017.

5

Funding Allocation by Year & State/Territory (Cont.)

Figure 4 (Cont.)

Figure 4.3

Note Appropriations: ADC $75,000,000/VTC $20,000,000 Statutory Authority: 34 U.S.C. § 10611, et. seq.; additional authority for awards under this solicitation is provided by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, 132 Stat. 348, 422.

Figure 4.4

Note Appropriations: ADC $77,000,000/VTC $22,000,000 Statutory Authority: 34 U.S.C. § 10611, et seq. Additional authority for awards made under this solicitation may be provided by a full-year appropriations act for FY 2019. As of the writing of this solicitation, the Department of Justice is operating under a short-term continuing resolution; no full-year appropriation for the Department has been enacted for FY 2019.

6

Figure 4.5

Note Appropriations: ADC $80,000,000/VTC $23,000,000 Statutory Authority: 34 U.S.C. § 10611, et seq., and Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, Pub. L. No. 116-93, 133 Stat 2317, 2409.

Figure 4.6

Note Appropriations: ADC $83,000,000 /VTC $25,000,000 Statutory Authority 34 U.S.C. § 10611, et seq. Any awards under this solicitation would be made under statutory authority provided by a fullyear appropriations act for FY 2021. As of the writing of this solicitation, the Department of Justice is operating under a short-term “Continuing Resolution;” no full-year appropriation for the Department has been enacted for FY 2021.

7

A

Who was awarded ADC fund During FY2016–FY2021, BJA made competitive awards to 376 Adult Drug Courts (ADC). In addition, 10 states received statewide awards for ADCs in FY2021.

Figure 5

8

ADC

ding?

9

Who was awarded VTC fundi During FY2016–FY2021, BJA made competitive awards to 103 Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC).

In addition, two states received statewide awards for VTCs in FY2021.

Figure 6

10

VTC

ing?

11

T

Who was awarded THWC fun During FY2016–FY2021, BJA made competitive awards to 28 Tribal Healing to Wellness Courts (THWC).

Figure 7 WA

12

THWC

nding?

13

What is the Data Digest?

The National Drug Court Resource Center produces a periodical Data Digest, which presents visual representations of treatment court data, data from funding agencies, and other important data sources. The purpose of the Data Digest is to contextualize data to paint a more complete picture of the research and resources in the field. One of the NDCRC’s goals is to provide multiple accessible sources of data and research for a wide range of audiences.

Each issue will focus on one specific topic of interest to treatment court practitioners. If you have suggestions for future topics, please email ndcrc@uncw.edu.

About Us The National Drug Court Resource Center’s (NDCRC) mission is to equip treatment court practitioners with an array of resources relevant to the field. Since October 2019, the NDCRC has been housed at the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Wilmington, North Carolina.

This publication was supported by Grant No. 2019-DC-BX-K002 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Department of Justice’s Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the SMART Office. Points of views or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

.Research.Create.Dissem e t a r o inate ollab . Re s e a r c h .C r e a t e . D i s C . e s e m i n .Colla te at a r n i o bor ate. m a t e . D i s s e m i n a t e .C llab e e r C o C ate . s h o s C c ollab . r i l a l e e a t D s . b o .Res e a o ra .Create.Dissem h c r e R a n . e t s i e e i n a t e t e . R r a t e ea e.R t ea s e m o r a t a r r e s e . R rc h .Co .C D i s l l a b ollabo e.Collaborate.Research.Creat l h a rc e s e .C l a t e c e . Co e.C b a .

D r n o i e ea e a t t e . inat issem .Research.Creat .Disseminate.C issemi rate h .Cr a rch reat s Re .Cr i n a sem ate.D borate ch.Create.Disseminate.Colla ollabo nate. .Res e a t .Cr e. bora rat Co ea e. D e ch s e m Dis .Cre olla .Resear .D i s e t s e a t m e r e i C n . ate.C .Res e.Re llab rch i is te. rch te.C rate esearch o e s ll o . ea sea ina llabo rate.R seminate.Collaborate.Resea abora arch. earc rat C e C m o t Re sse te.C llabo te.Dis .Disseminate.Collaborate rch.Cr e.Re rea h.C i na r a e t s i e.Co .Cre .Creat orate.Research.Crea .Resea eate. earc e.D m at ch rch te.D rch Di h llab reate.Dissem r o a n i ea se inate isse .Cre sse . .C rch.C e t .Co mi at es .Re ina esea Create.Collabora n l e l e t . a a e R h t em e. . c b D t r e o i a ss orat Rese .Create.Disseminate.Co ssem rat . b te. arch te.Collaborate.Re llab ina e sea ora t ra ese mina r e r a .R isse search.C te.Disse ch.C te mi r D e.Re na t ra

a o laborate ina m i n l l a b e.Coll inate.Col em is s e .Co inat issem rate.Research s e s D bo Di te.D i n a t ssem eate. .Colla search.Create a em .Di .Cr nate rate.Re rate.Re o i b h e a o l s l c t b s a ar sem olla .Co e t e e s a earch.Cre r es Di e.C s n i e R . .R ate. inat issem orate orate. Resea e sem e.D ollab ollab re a is eat e.C ate.C esearch.C Cr inat min ate. R ate.Dissem m isse abor h.Cre Research .D oll earc rate.

C es labo .Create.Dis .R Col arch inate.C . m e e e es iss .R e.D aborate.R t l ea .Col te

.Co esearch.Cre l l a R e s e b o r olla at eminate.Co e.Dissem borat a rc h a t e. bor R lla a e nate.Collabo borate inate .Res .Cre ese te. .R .C ra e a a llaborate.R te.Rese esear olla arc t e. r h D ar b es c ate.Disse earch. ch.Cr h.Cr orat .Cr mi C e e e .Create.D nate.C reate ate. ate . i s s e min ollab .Dis Diss .D o ra t e a .

R e t se e. or se e a r c re a t e . D h. Col ate m i s s e mi Crea labo .R e. D n i s s e a m te te ra in eminate ate.C .Co .Di .C l o inate.C ollab llab la ol o o minate labor rate .C o l ate. l a b o

eminate.Disseminate.C te.Diss o l l a bora .Crea e a r c h .C r e a t e . D i s s t e m e a rc h b o r a t e . R e s . i nat Re ese e . a C e t o a l n l i l a b m . l o e D s r a t i s s s e a rc e . te .R .C o Re te.Dis ora i n a t e h .C r e a te.Disseminate.Collabora s e a r c h e m i n h.Cr ab a a e c t . e e C t .

R e r e oll s e m e a r e Create.Diss h.Cr s . . at e h m s e s c i n i a a t r c a t e C o e.D e. esearc Re e.C ear at e . D a t e . .Res orate.R h.Create.Disseminate.Co Collabo h.Cr . D i s l l a b isse in a t e b e r c l l t a e b ora rate. ate s e m ora mi olla e s e a r b o ra eminate.Collabo em r s r R R C o a C s t i a . . t e . e D l e . e . b R e e . e R s .Di i n te s e e a ch Co l lla inat orat .Creat s rc e ear s s a t . minate.Collabor e a h s t e .

R e . .Co em llab earc es h.Cre arc ch em e. e . D is te iss e.Co .Res .Creat eminate.Collaborate.Rese earch ate.D h.Di .Cre in .C e s h a D t s a r c h e. na rat arc e.Dis .C reat isse sem e.Disseminate.Colla t i o t b e a o r r e at m ab es rea .Cre a e. m oll te.R h.C earch ate.Disseminate.Collabo e.Res te.D Dis in ra earc .Res h.Cre rate.Research.Crea rate. earc iss se t R c o h e e .

D es ate ar llab is ese .D h.Create.D i s s or ese e.Co .Researc e mi sem arc is R e. inat rate reate.Disseminate.C nate ina h C o l l m labo rch. ab .Co te eminate.Colla ol esea te.Diss .Collabo borate ora ll rat a .R te ate .R e e n r i .

R es es h.C ssem e ar Di

ab C te s e.Research.C reate .Colla e a r c h o ra reat te .D b e h.Create.Dis s e m i iss e m o r a t . D i s . R e . D i nate i na e . D s e m s e s s e.Disseminat . te e.C C a i esearch.Cre ollabor ollab .Col ssem i na r ate. D ate ora lab i t . n i D eate. Disse s mina semin isse te. D orat a te.C arch.Creat ate min iss e.D o a e . ate.Dissem issem llabo Coll te.C a in in r minate.Co ate.C ate. ate bo C .R lla o h.Create.D borat llab olla o b e i sseminate ssemi .Dis rat n .C s Collabora ollab ate. e te C o Research .Rese rate .Cr arc ea te .

r lla ab e a llaborate. abo oll Cr Co .Coll inate.Co ate.Dis e .C h . t e . e te rc n a nat issem arch.Cr issem na sea m i emi te.D .Rese reate.D e Re is s iss ina rate arch.C nate.C D e.D sem labo .Rese .Dissemi at .Dis .Col orate orate .Research.Cr te ate llab llab rate esearc in .Co e.Co llabo borate.R olla o t a .C e at ina e.C Coll minate m nat ate. isse esearch. i R D m min te. ate. .Crea se rea bor search .C olla e.Re reate.Di .C rat rch.C .Disse o a e ab se reat .Re ch.C ate. Diss r e ea h.Cr c

National Drug Court Resource Center University of North Carolina Wilmington 680 S. College Road Wilmington, North Carolina 28403-5978