Nursery & Landscape Notes Fall 2023

Nursery Landscape notes Publication of the North Carolina Nursery & Landscape Association, Inc.

Green & Growin' 24

preview

FALL 2023

Keep Your Nutrients in Your Plants

Perfecto Mundo® Azaleas

For more information visit us online at www.triangleturf.net © 2022 Triangle Turf & Ornamental. Please read and follow label directions for use.

Contents FA L L 2 02 3

36 Nursery & Landscape notes

COMMENTARY 2023 President’s Message 5 Executive Vice President’s Message 6

NCNLA NEWS Member Spotlight: Cline’s Nursery 8 Certified Plant Professional Update & Renewals 12 In Memoriam 12 Legislative Update 14

16 EVERY ISSUE Calendar of Events 3 New Members 3 Advertisers Index 52

NCNLA Day at Caterpillar 16

AROUND THE INDUSTRY Student Spotlight: Javier Amezquita 18 UMO: Tapping into the Talent Pipeline 20

FEATURES

31 Green & Growin’ 24 Preview

36 Green & Growin’

Education Conference: Where Learning Meets Networking and Growth

44

Making the Most of the Green & Growin’ Marketplace

NC State University: We Want You! 22 NC Landscape Contractors’ Licensing Board 24 NCDA&CS Spotlight: Box Tree Moth 26 Financial Clarity is the Key to Thriving Business Operations 28

RESEARCH Perfecto Mundo® Azaleas: New, Problem-Solving Evergreen Azaleas from Western NC 47 Keep Your Nutrients in Your Plants 50

8

MEET THE BEST OF THE BEST The Shrubs of the Year enjoy an extra-bright spotlight throughout the year in the form of special print and digital promotion tailored specifically for landscapers and homeowners alike. Now’s the time to incorporate these varieties into your designs so you can capitalize on increased demand.

FIZZY MIZZY Itea

®

OSO EASY PEASY Rosa

®

LET’S DANCE SKY VIEW Hydrangea ®

Go to www.Proven Winners-Shrubs.com to find a wholesaler near you.

WINE & SPIRITS Weigela

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Nursery & Landscape notes Published by

North Carolina Nursery & Landscape Association, Inc. 968 Trinity Road, Raleigh, NC 27607 NCNLA Staff Richard Lawhun Executive Vice President Katie Rodrigues Director of Events & Education Kathryn Stansbury Director of Business Development Wendi Doak Director of Marketing & Communications Rayna Bailey Office Manager Nursery & Landscape Notes is published quarterly by the North Carolina Nursery & Landscape Association, Inc. (NCNLA), covering news, research, education and business in the nursery and landscape industries. The publication is distributed to approximately 825 horticulture producers, landscape professionals and industry suppliers.

Nursery & Landscape Notes is provided as a member service.

2023 NCNLA Board of Directors Tim Johnson, II President Tim Johnson Landscaping Statesville, NC Ariel Montanez Vice President, Secretary/Treasurer Pender Nursery Garner, NC Kevin Cagle Past President Greenthumb Nursery, LLC Ether, NC Michael Gossett Gossett’s Landscape Nursery Inc. High Point, NC Eric Mangum Caterpillar Clayton, NC

Jonathan Schwarz Pender Pines Garden Center Hampstead, NC

NCNLA EVENTS Green & Growin’ 24 January 15-19, 2024

Greensboro, NC www.greenandgrowin.com

Certified Plant Professional Exam Jan. 16, 2024 Green & Growin’ 24

Educational Advisors Jodi Riedel NC State University Raleigh, NC Justin Snyder Alamance Community College Graham, NC

Dana Massey Plantworks Nursery Rougemont, NC

Advertising For advertising inquiries and publication schedule, please contact Wendi Doak at wdoak@ncnla.com or 919-819-9119, ext. 1002.

The inclusion of products or brand names in this publication is not an endorsement by the North Carolina Nursery & Landscape Association.

Mission: To provide essential value to our members through education, marketing and advocacy.

Robert Cagle Memorial Golf Tournament June 21, 2024

Lochmere Golf Club Cary, NC

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Greensboro, NC www.ncnla.com/CPP

MANTS

Summer Educational Summit

Baltimore, MD www.mants.com

January 10-12, 2024

June 20, 2024

NCSU McKimmon Center Raleigh, NCI

Ed Snyder Greenleaf Services Linville, NC Trey Warrick Scottree & Shelby Nursery, Inc. Shelby, NC

»

WELCOME, NEW NCNLA MEMBERS! David Slayter

Marble Botanics

Hardison Landscaping LLC

Nazo Landscaping Inc. Supplies & Nursery

Tryon, NC

Louisburg, NC

Raleigh, NC

Nature’s Elite Tree Farm, Inc.

Durham, NC

Hermann’s Nursery & Landscaping, Inc.

Asheboro, NC

Plainville, GA

Amick’s Superstore

Clemmons, NC

ON THE COVER Perfecto Mundo® Double Purple Azalea Rhododendron See article on page 47.

Cover photo provided by Spring Meadow Nursery

Vision: To promote and protect the interests of North Carolina’s green industry.

Connect with NCNLA facebook.com/NCNurseryandLandscapeAssociation twitter.com/tweet_ncnla instagram.com/ncnla ncnla.com | BuyNCPlants.com | GreenandGrowin.com Tax Deductible Dues Contributions or gifts to NCNLA are not tax deductible as charitable contributions. However, they may be tax deductible as ordinary business expenses. A portion of your dues is not deductible as an ordinary business expense to the extent that NCNLA engages in lobbying. The estimated non-deductible portion of your dues assessment is 20%. ©2023 NCNLA

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES

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NCNLA 2023 PRESIDENT’S LETTER

A Busy Fall and Winter Ahead at NCNLA The crisp fall air is here, and the leaves will be turning soon. As you read this article, I hope all

of you are enjoying the season.

Fortunately, so far this year, hurricane season has been relatively calm. On the landscape side of things, many of us are prepping beds for fall annuals and making final preparations in anticipation of a busy leaf season. And despite many concerns with the economy, our industry remains strong. As I talk to landscape contractors, both their maintenance and construction crews remain busy. I am also hearing good news from many of the nursery growers we speak with on a regular basis.

As each of us is busy with one more big fall push before the end of the year, the NCNLA staff is hard at work getting ready for Green & Growin’ 24. Greensboro, NC, will again host our annual event, which will take place January 15-19, 2024. The education portion of the program will take place at the Sheraton Four Seasons, and the trade show will be hosted at the Greensboro Coliseum. Early-bird registration opens November 13, so be sure to sign up at www.greenandgrowin.com before December 15 to get the discounted early-bird rate.

If you aren’t already aware, Green & Growin’ is our biggest event of the year, and there are so many ways to get the most out of your experience. Our education program provides opportunities for both landscape and irrigation contractors to get all of their continuing education credits in one place! Additionally, we offer Certified Plant Professional credits, pesticide credits, American Society of Landscape Architects Tim Johnson II credits, arborist credits and so much more! Beyond the continuing education courses Tim Johnson Landscaping on Tuesday and Wednesday, we also offer workshop-based specialty courses that Statesville, NC provide great opportunities to get your team first-class training. And I would be remiss if I didn’t mention the great vendors and networking opportunities our Marketplace provides. This is one of the best nursery and landscape shows in the country, so don’t miss out!

Of course, this event wouldn’t be possible without all of our awesome sponsors — thank you for your continued support of Green & Growin’ and the NCNLA! If your organization hasn’t sponsored before, or if perhaps you took a few years off, there is still time to become a sponsor — but the deadline is fast approaching on November 17. Don’t miss this opportunity to reserve your sponsorship package for one of the foremost green industry events in the country at www. greenandgrowin.com.

As I mentioned in the previous issue of Nursery & Landscape Notes, the NCNLA Political Action Committee (PAC) is approved and in effect. This PAC is a vital tool for helping us develop relationships with lawmakers in Raleigh. We will continue to work hard lobbying for the issues that are so important to our industry and membership, and the PAC gives us a louder voice — not only by being able to support lawmakers working on bills important to our industry, but also by hosting events that encourage their attendance, give us opportunities to speak with them directly. You will be hearing from us soon about ways you can donate to the PAC. I wish each of you a busy, successful and profitable fall season, and I look forward to seeing you at Green & Growin’ 24!

Tim

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES

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NCNLA EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT’S LETTER

Fuel Your Future at Green & Growin’ 24 It’s time to make plans for Green & Growin’ 24,

the largest industry trade show in the Southeast. The event is scheduled for January 15-19 in Greensboro, and early-bird registration opens November 13. Visit www. greenandgrowin.com to register and take advantage of the variety of education programs and activities included with registration.

•

General Education

This year’s education program includes two keynote speakers who are well known to the nursery and landscape communities.

On Tuesday, January 16, Leslie Halleck provides the lunchtime keynote, “Take Back Control: The Importance of Driving Trends Instead of Chasing Them.” And on Wednesday, January 17, Jeffrey Scott provides the lunchtime keynote, “Every Richard “Rick” Lawhun Business Needs a Number 2.” Be certain NCNLA Executive to join us for these entertaining and Vice President educational presentations. Lunch will be provided on a first-come, first-served basis before the presentations begin. If you prefer to do your own thing for lunch, you can still attend the presentations and earn continuing education units (CEUs) — just be certain you are scanned into the ballroom in order to receive CEUs. The educational tracks on Tuesday and Wednesday have been revamped again this year to focus on timely and significant topics within the industry. Tuesday offers four tracks: Management Principles; Business Operations; Landscape Operations; and Pests, Weeds & Diseases. The four Wednesday tracks cover Landscape Operations, Turf Management, Irrigation and Tree Care.

You can select from an impressive 48 educational sessions offering CEUs in a variety of license areas, including landscape contractor, irrigation contractor, pesticide applicator, landscape architect, arborist and more.

•

Rick

•

•

Specialty Classes and Certifications •

This year’s offerings include:

North Carolina Pesticide Safety Course: Due to the

state/federal holiday on Monday, January 15, this

6

NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

•

1½-day class will be offered on Tuesday and Wednesday, January 16-17. The pesticide applicator’s licensing exam will be offered by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture on Wednesday afternoon.

Sustainable and Profitable Planting Design:

One of your favorite instructors, Richard Ludwig, returns with a new course you do not want to miss. This eight-hour workshop on Monday focuses on the effective use of plant material — especially natives and eco-smart choices. Attendees will learn how to draw in realistic elevation view and how to price their work properly, including design, installation and management.

Bringing Landscapes to Life: The Magic of Outdoor Lighting Design: This Monday

morning workshop will explore a variety of techniques that can be used to create the desired effects on a customer’s property. From the dramatic to the more subtle, learn how to create unique and attractive atmospheres with proper lighting applications.

Drip by Drip: Precision Irrigation Techniques Unveiled: This Monday afternoon workshop

will discuss technologies that can be incorporated into an irrigation system to deliver just the right amount of water when Mother Nature fails to stick to a regular schedule. Learn the checklist of important components that drive irrigation efficiency and landscape health, and how they can benefit your business.

Pruning for Professionals: Another of your favorite instructors, Bryce Lane, is back to lead this Monday afternoon workshop, which will equip landscape professionals with the essential pruning information needed to successfully maintain a wide array of plants. Plant pruning theory, tools, technique and timing are all key to a thriving landscape — learn how you can apply each of these principles in the field.

North Carolina Certified Plant Professional (CPP) Review: Whether you’re gearing up

for the final push to become a Certified Plant Professional (CPP) or are simply exploring the depth of horticulture knowledge required, this review may be for you. Join Danny Lauderdale and a few of his extension colleagues who have over 75 years of combined ornamental experience for this review.

To take full advantage of this opportunity, NCNLA strongly recommends you purchase, read and study the CPP manual before attending the review and study the plant list to become familiar with what you know well and what you need help with during the review. The review will be focused on plant identification using images and questions will be answered about the multiple choice manual exam.

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Marketplace

The 150,000-square-foot trade show floor will be open Thursday, 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM and Friday, 9:00 AM 3:00 PM. Visit more than 300 exhibitors who provide the products and services you need for a successful business.

This year we have added a second demonstration area hosted by Stihl, in addition to the area hosted by SiteOne Landscape Supply. Hands-on demonstrations will be offered on Thursday and Friday. Take a short break from walking the show floor, learn a new skill, and earn CEUs for your landscape contractor’s license and/or irrigation contractor’s license. Due to logistical issues, we are no longer offering CEUs for four hours of walking the marketplace floor. Attendees and exhibitors who attend a one-hour demonstration will receive one CEU. Complimentary lunch will be provided on Thursday and Friday next to the demonstration areas — no need to scatter in search of food trucks or off-site restaurants. Stay engaged with your colleagues and customers on the trade show floor and enjoy lunch on us!

2310 NC Hwy 801 N // Mocksville, NC 27028

800-422-3560 gramacirr@yadtel.net www.gramacirrigation.com

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Serving Landscapes and Nurseries Serving You Since 1937

President’s Reception

Join us Thursday evening at 8:00 PM for the President’s Reception, hosted by Caterpillar. Network with your friends and colleagues as we recognize the incoming NCNLA president. There will be food, drink and Corn Madness ’24, the most prestigious cornhole tournament in the industry. Let’s stay up late and party all night — or until 11:00 PM, whichever comes first!

Green & Growin’ 24 has something for everyone, so make plans to join us January 15-19 in Greensboro.

As always, stay well and stay passionate about the industry you love!

TOLL FREE

1-800-PARROTT 1-800-727-7688

Ph: 252-523-1041

Fax: 252-523-0145

khayes@parrottins.com

w w w. p a r r o t t i n s . c o m 2508 N. Herritage Street • P.O. Box 3547 • Kinston, NC 28502

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES

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NCNLA NEWS

NCNLA MEMBER SPOTLIGHT

»

Andrew Marks provides a guided tour of nursery production and facilities for the Future Farmers of America of our local high school.

Cline’s Nursery 1901 Fallston Rd. Shelby, NC 28150 Owner John Cline In business Since October 2007 NCNLA member Since 2015 Number of employees 15

Five Minutes with Cline’s Nursery

How did you get into the business?

I entered the nursery business after retiring from a corporate career that spanned 30 years. Pursuing my interests in business sales, marketing and management after leaving my family farm in 1971, I never anticipated returning to my roots. However, circumstances led me back to our farm, which has been in our family since 1857. Selling the property was not an option for me — I was determined to turn it back into a thriving operation. In this challenging farming environment, however, holding onto the land while moving toward implantation of farm production was a difficult task.

During my research, I came across a friend who was growing Japanese maples, and my love for these trees sparked my interest in the nursery industry. Starting a business from scratch in the 2007-2009 period was particularly challenging, due to the unfavorable economic climate of the time. However, we persevered, and that time actually provided me with invaluable opportunities to further develop my knowledge and expertise.

Willie Bass grows quality material for our customers!

What is a typical day like for you and your staff?

A typical day at Cline’s Nursery involves a variety of tasks and responsibilities, including the following: Nursery maintenance: We start the day by tending to the nursery grounds, ensuring that the plants are well maintained and healthy. This includes inspecting, watering, pruning, fertilizing and general upkeep.

Customer service: Welcoming and interacting with customers is an essential part of our day. We assist them in finding the right plants for their needs by evaluating their landscape goals and mapping the best course to achieve their vision, answering questions and providing landscaping ideas and guidance on plant care.

Inventory management: Keeping track of stock levels, ordering new plants and organizing our inventory are all vital aspects of our operations.

Fun at Cline’s ‘Run for the Roses’.

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NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

Sales and marketing: Promoting our products and attracting new customers is an ongoing effort that involves maintaining an online presence, participating in local events, and reaching out to past and potential clients.

Administrative tasks: Much like any business, our administrative tasks include managing finances, handling paperwork, scheduling deliveries and maintaining records.

Continued learning: Since the nursery industry is constantly evolving, we dedicate time each day to staying up to date on the latest trends, attending industry workshops and participating in educational programs to enhance our knowledge and skills.

While this gives an overview of a typical day, the nursery business can be unpredictable, running the gamut from fast-paced and exciting to challenging and stressful. We meet challenges head on by drawing upon industry experiences, adapting, prioritizing and implementing tasks to ensure that the nursery keeps running smoothly.

What has been the most rewarding part of your career?

The most rewarding part of operating Cline’s Nursery has been engaging with our customers and employees. Building relationships, sharing our knowledge and providing customers with exceptional service all bring me a sense of fulfillment.

Moreover, seeing our customers’ success in expanding their own gardens, businesses or projects brings me a great sense of pride. It is truly rewarding to witness their accomplishments and know that Cline’s Nursery played a part in their journey. Whether it’s providing them with the right plants, offering guidance and advice, or simply being a reliable partner, we truly enjoy supporting our customers in any way we can.

Engaging with our employees has also been a big source of fulfillment for me.

Building a dedicated, passionate team and creating a positive work environment are crucial to success. Seeing our employees grow professionally and personally, and knowing that we have played a role in their development, is incredibly rewarding.

Incredible support is given by local Master Gardeners for our events.

What is your company best known for?

Cline’s Nursery is known for its excellence both as a grower for wholesale customers and as a trusted destination for retail customers. This unique combination allows us to serve a wide range of clientele and meet their specific needs.

As a grower for wholesale customers, we have established a strong reputation for providing high-quality plants to landscaping professionals, garden centers and other nurseries. Our dedication to cultivating healthy, robust plants and providing reliable service has earned us a strong reputation in the wholesale industry.

On the other side of the business, our retail customers recognize us as a go-to destination for their gardening and landscaping needs. We offer a wide variety of plants, including our renowned Japanese maples, to homeowners, gardening enthusiasts and anyone looking to enhance their outdoor spaces.

Our knowledgeable staff is always ready to provide personalized advice, recommendations and guidance to help customers make informed choices and achieve their gardening goals. To foster goodwill and help educate the community, we also host events led by master gardeners and other experts. Covering a variety of topics, these well-received events often include hands-on activities for children and adults.

We also serve as a re-wholesaler, connecting growers and retailers in the nursery industry. Our extensive network and expertise allow us to bridge the gap between these two sectors.

What issues are you concerned about as a company in the green industry?

The industry is likely to face several challenges in the future, especially in terms of increased demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.

Customers are becoming more concerned about the impacts of their choices on the planet, and they expect the nursery and green industry to follow suit. This means finding innovative ways to reduce water usage, minimize chemical inputs and promote biodiversity.

Another significant challenge is the industry’s current shortage of skilled labor.

As older generations retire, we will need younger individuals to enter the field and acquire the necessary knowledge and skills. Encouraging education and training programs can help address this issue and ensure a steady supply of qualified professionals.

Weather fluctuations also pose a significant threat. Rising temperatures, changing weather patterns, and extreme events like droughts and floods can have detrimental impacts on plant health and production. Adapting to these changing conditions and developing resilient plant varieties will be crucial.

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES

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Increased competition and changing consumer preferences also present challenges. With the rise of e-commerce and online plant shopping, nurseries will need to find ways to stand out and provide unique experiences to attract customers. Additionally, staying up to date with the latest trends and offering a diverse range of plants and services can help meet consumers’ evolving demands.

What advice do you have for someone interested in or just starting in the industry?

Although my knowledge base may not be as extensive as that of generational nurserymen or those with horticulture degrees, I have continuously strived to learn and grow in this field. You can learn something new every day, so you should always strive to keep yourself open to new ideas that can enhance your understanding of the industry.

Hard knocks also can be a great teacher, as long as we learn from them. Since the nursery business is one in which you must continually adapt to change, staying stagnant is not an option. By embracing the challenges and lessons that come with each setback, and utilizing the educational opportunities NCNLA provides, you can always grow and improve.

Davis Insurance Agency Your Horticulture & Agriculture Experts Contact us at 919-701-0076 • info@brewmorllc.com Visit us online at

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Our ‘hands-on’ TLC is the reason we have exceptional Japanese Maples.

What are your favorite offerings from NCNLA? Being involved in NCNLA has been an incredibly rewarding experience for me. Through my involvement, I have gained a wealth of knowledge about the nursery and landscape industry, as well as valuable insights into local market and industry trends.

One of NCNLA’s main benefits is the opportunity to network with professionals from various sectors of the industry, including growers, landscapers, suppliers and educators. Those connections have expanded my professional network and provided me with invaluable guidance and mentorship.

Moreover, NCNLA offers a wide range of educational resources and programs, from workshops and seminars to conferences and industry tours, that have enhanced my knowledge and skills in areas such as plant production, landscape design and sustainable practices. This continuous learning has made me a more well-rounded professional and enabled me to stay up to date with the latest industry advancements.

Another significant benefit has been the advocacy and support NCNLA provides. The association works tirelessly to promote the interests of the nursery and landscape industry at the state and national levels, giving members a platform to voice their opinions and help shape policies and regulations.

Lastly, NCNLA has given me a sense of belonging and camaraderie within the industry, enabling me to connect with like-minded individuals who share a passion for plants and the environment. The friendships and connections I have made through this association have been invaluable, both personally and professionally.

Landscape Pros Deserve a Better, Faster Nursery Experience TR EES | SHRUBS | C OLOR | AC C E N TS | S U CCU LEN TS | T R O P I CA LS | B U L B S | S O D

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NCNLA NEWS

Certified Plant Professional Update On September 19, 2023, 22 individuals sat for the Certified Plant Professional (CPP) exam at Pike Nurseries in Charlotte, NC. Thank you to Annie Saunders and Wayne Jours of Pike Nurseries’ Georgia-based training team for their support and assistance in hosting this exam.

Congratulations to the following individuals who earned their CPP accreditations:

Attention, CPPs coming up on their renewal date of January 31, 2024!

You will have a chance to renew at the CPP breakfast held at Green & Growin’ on Wednesday, January 17, 2024, at 7:30 AM, or you can access the renewal form at www.ncnla.com.

Paige Van Mersbergen, Trademark Homescapes Inc. Lisa Marie Paione, Pike Nurseries Gregory Pierce, Pike Nurseries Eric Bell, Pike Nurseries Peter Freund, Pike Nurseries Adriana Marsh, Pike Nurseries Elisabeth Davis, Pike Nurseries Patricia Pruitt, Pike Nurseries Trey Plunket, Pike Nurseries Julia Canipelli, Pike Nurseries NCNLA would also like to recognize the following professionals who recently renewed their CPP certifications (as of September 26, 2023): Christopher Hart Chatham, Central Greenhouse & Nursery Paul Young Jr., Greene Central High School

In Memoriam Orval Wall Jones, 75, passed away Sept.

30, 2023, at his home. Born May 26, 1948, in Forsyth County to the late Merlin Jennings Jones and LaRue Wall Jones, Orval was a loving husband, father and grandfather.

The owner of Elite Landscape Service and Nursery since 1977, he was hardworking and had a passion for farming, specializing in strawberries. He was known by everyone in the green industry and never met a stranger.

12 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

For more information about the CPP program, to renew your CPP certification or to register for an upcoming exam, visit www.NCNLA.com or email education@ncnla.com.

In his spare time, he enjoyed spending time with his family and fishing. He is survived by his loving wife of 55 years, Sylvia Mae Nelson Jones; two sons, Eric Jones and Brent Jones (Wendy); eight grandchildren, Zachary Nelson Jones, Ethan Hansen Jones, Alexander Christian Jones, Ella Cleo Jones, Reese Charlotte Jones, Sierra Mae Jones, Sydney Ann Jones and Summer Marie Jones; and one sister, Shelba Jones Rominger.

Scan the QR code for Orval’s full obituary, or view on the web at https://legcy.co/3Q76JIV.

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NCNLA NEWS

Legislative Update A Message from the Legislative Committee Chair As I am writing this article, the North Carolina General Assembly just passed our state’s $30 Billion Budget for fiscal year 2023-2024. This has been an excessively long session for the NC General Assembly.

North Carolina is one of only eleven states that does not set a limit on the length of time general assembly sessions can last.

If you’re wondering about the status of SB 318, the Native Plant Act, there has been little or no discussion on this topic since early spring. Although the bill never made it to the House floor for a vote, it was added to the state budget proposal and subsequently approved. Fortunately, we followed the guidance of our lobbyist, Dick Carlton, to work with Sen. Bill Rabon, the bill’s main sponsor, to make some compromises, rather than opposing the bill entirely. The original bill mandated that “native” plants be used on all stateowned and state-leased property, also requiring that such plants had to be native to North Carolina and that all leaves of such plants had to be green. During the summer of 2022, we invited Sen. Rabon to the JC Raulston Arboretum to discuss options, including not making it an all-native bill. With the help of North Carolina State University, the JC Raulston Arboretum, the North Carolina Farm Bureau, and nursery growers and landscape contractors from across the state, we were able to reach reasonable compromises. The amended bill, passed in the FY23-24 budget, states that native plants are only required on North Carolina Department of Transportation projects. As well, the definition of “native” was expanded to include plants native to the Southeastern United States, and the leaf color no longer must be green.

On another note, the legislative committee is excited to announce that the NC General Assembly included $350,000 in the FY23-24 budget for a new study on the economic impact of the nursery and landscape industry to our state’s economy. The NC Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services will complete the study.

NCDA is the same organization that conducted the most recent economic impact study of the landscape industry in 2007.

On a final note, we are excited to announce that NCNLA has reinstated our political action committee (PAC). The purpose of the PAC is to influence legislation that is beneficial to our industry and support candidates who share our goals and interests. However, for our PAC to be successful, we need your help. You can send personal donations to the NCNLA office at 968 Trinity Road, Raleigh, NC 27607, and you can make a donation on a personal credit card by emailing Kathryn Stansbury at kstansbury@ncnla.com to set up an invoice and payment link. The more donations we receive without needing a fundraiser, the lower our costs will be. Our goal is to raise $50,000 within the next year, which, with the generosity of our industry leaders, is a very achievable goal. We will continue to face occasional obstacles in Raleigh, and we must be prepared to fight for the industry that feeds our families.

Matt Hunter NCNLA Legislative Committee Chair

Legislative Committee Members Matt Hunter, Chair

New Garden Landscaping & Nursery Greensboro, NC

Charles Allen

Green Biz Nursery and Landscaping Fayetteville, NC

Kevin Cagle

Greenthumb Nursery Seagrove, NC

Jim Freeman

Freeman Landscape Wilmington, NC

Debbie Hamrick

North Carolina Farm Bureau Raleigh, NC

Tim Johnson

Tim Johnson Landscaping Statesville, NC

Eric Jones

Turf Teacher Inc. Pfafftown, NC

Terry Kallam

Triangle Chemical Co. Wilson, NC

Ariel Montanez Pender Nursery Garner, NC

Nate Negrin

SouthernEEZ Landscaping Charlotte, NC

Barry Partlo Agri Supply Garner, NC

James Powers

Beauty Lawn Inc. and Lawn Scenarios Cary, NC

Ed Snyder

Greenleaf Services Linville, NC

Gary Whitehurst

Worthington Farms Greenville, NC

Mark Yelanich

Metrolina Greenhouses Huntersville, NC

Dick Carlton, Lobbyist

Law Office of Richard H. Carlton PLLC Raleigh, NC

Kathryn Stansbury, Staff Liaison NCNLA

Rick Lawhun, Ad Hoc Member NCNLA

If you would like to make a donation to the NCNLA-PAC, please do so via the form on the following page. » 14 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

NCNLA

PAC

The NCNLA Political Action Committee (PAC) represents the interests of the nursery and landscape industry at the state capitol in Raleigh, NC.

NCNLA-PAC 2023 Contribution Form

Complete and return this form with payment. Contributions are for the 2023 calendar year. Contributions must be made by personal check (no company checks), personal credit card or personal bank draft. PAC funds are used to support candidates for state elective office who share NCNLA’s policy goals and understand the importance of maintaining a positive legislative environment for the green industry. Thank you for your contribution!

Legacy Society Annually ($6,400)

Advocate Club Annually ($500)

My payment is by:

Capitol Society Annually ($4,500)

Bicentennial Club Annually ($200)

President’s Circle

Champion’s Circle

Annually ($2,500)

Annually ($1,000)

Century Club Annually ($100)

Other $

Personal check (payable to “NCNLA-PAC”) Amount: $ Personal credit card/bank draft Amount: $

Please provide the following information: Name:

Email:

Address:

City, State Zip:

Employer/Company Name:

Job Title:

Phone:

All contributions must be from a personal account. We cannot accept company/corporate checks or credit cards. If you are contributing using your credit card or bank draft, you will be invoiced electronically at the email address you provided.

If contributing by check, please make personal checks payable to NCNLA-PAC and mail to: NCNLA-PAC, 968 Trinity Road, Raleigh, NC 27607. If submitting this form electronically, please email it to kstansbury@ncnla.com.

North Carolina law requires political action committees to report the name, mailing address, job title and name of employer for each individual whose contributions total in excess of $50.00 in an election (defined as the period beginning the day after the general election up to and including the primary and the period beginning the day after the primary up to and including the general election). Contributors may not give more than $6,400 per election. Contributions are not tax deductible for federal or state income tax purposes.

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES

15

NCNLA NEWS

NCNLA Day at Caterpillar: An Exclusive Green Industry Experience The highly anticipated NCNLA

Day at Caterpillar took place on a sunny Wednesday, August 23, 2023, offering an exclusive behindthe-scenes look at Caterpillar’s operations in Clayton, NC. The event provided green industry enthusiasts with a unique opportunity to delve into the world of heavy machinery and witness firsthand the intricate processes involved in building small wheel loaders.

Kicking off at 10:00 AM, attendees embarked on a guided tour of Caterpillar’s small wheel loader factory, which provided a fascinating glimpse into the craftsmanship and advanced technology that go into creating these powerful machines. Attendees had the opportunity to observe each stage of the manufacturing process, gaining a newfound appreciation for the engineering involved.

Following the factory tour, participants were treated to a delicious lunch, generously provided

by Caterpillar. This break allowed attendees to mingle, exchange insights and forge new connections.

16 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

The afternoon was dedicated to a series of engaging demonstration stations covering crucial aspects of work in the industry such as irrigation, drainage, planting and grading. Expert presenters showcased the latest techniques and technologies, providing invaluable

insights for attendees looking to enhance their skills and knowledge in these areas.

Toward the end of the event, attendees had the opportunity to operate some equipment themselves. This handson experience let participants put theory into practice to gain an understanding of

the machinery and techniques discussed earlier in the day. The thrill of operating these powerful tools was a highlight for many.

“NCNLA Day at Caterpillar was a blast!” said Kevin Cagle, owner of Greenthumb Nursery and NCNLA’s past president. “Getting a behind-the-scenes look at the small wheel loader factory was eye-opening. Events like these strengthen the sense of community within our industry and inspire new ideas.

I can’t wait for next year’s event!”

The event held an added bonus for Certified Plant Professionals in attendance, counting as one renewal continuing education unit — a valuable opportunity for professionals to maintain and enhance their certifications.

The registration fee of $10 per person not only gave access to an unforgettable day, but also provided a contribution to the NCNLA Scholarship Fund, which supports the next generation of horticultural leaders.

For those fortunate enough to attend, NCNLA Day at Caterpillar combined education, inspiration and fellowship, providing a platform for green industry professionals to deepen their understanding, expand their networks and contribute to the growth of the industry. The event was a testament to the thriving spirit of the green industry and the boundless opportunities that lie ahead.

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FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES

17

AROUND THE INDUSTRY

STUDENT SPOTLIGHT

»

Nursery & Landscape Notes is introducing you to the next generation of green industry professionals by featuring current college students and recent graduates with plans to pursue careers in the field.

Javier Amezquita Student Profile Name: Javier Amezquita Hometown: Four Oaks, NC College: University of Mount Olive Graduation Date: 2022 Major/Area of Study: Horticulture technology Horticulture-Related Places You Have Worked/ Interned: Agriculture production/business

Horticulture-related places you have worked/interned:

I have worked in various positions at Keith Smith Farms, Smith Nursery, Barefoot Lawn

Care and Eastern Turf Maintenance, and I have interned at Vandemark Sod Farms.

How did you discover horticulture?

Growing up, I spent a lot of time with my dad at the farm where he works, and I would spend many summers and weekends with him learning the operations of row crop farming. That gave me hands-on experience and got me more deeply involved in the agriculture industry. My mom also loved plants and was big into gardening.

Having worked several years at a nursery, she introduced me to the plant industry. So I grew up surrounded by horticulture, and that’s why I continue to have a passion for it.

What were your most valuable experiences, either in school or from other exposure to the industry, and why?

My most valuable experiences have been building connections in the industry, whether developing relationships with professors at school or meeting business contacts.

Connecting with others has helped me gain valuable experience and learn to navigate different sectors of the turf industry.

What were your favorite college classes, and why?

Two of my favorite college classes were in horticulture and plant science, which taught me about the physical anatomy of plants and 18 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

helped me understand the science behind plant development and nutrition uptake.

What are your plans after graduation?

After graduating in 2022, I jumped on board with Eastern Turf Maintenance – Athletic Division, which specializes in athletic field maintenance services,

including deep-core aeration, top dressing, sod installation, renovation, laser grading and much more.

What advice would you give to a student interested in the field?

The industry is broad, so find a path you enjoy working in and give it 100%.

What is your favorite plant, and why?

Bermuda grass. This warm-season grass has evolved over the years and become a dominant strand for both homeowners and athletic fields. Its ability to spread and grow quickly has led to more widespread adoption in the athletic industry.

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Fax: (336) 454-6347 Email: sales@gossettsnursery.com

Located: 5 miles west of Greensboro, on NC 68, two miles south of I-40

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES

19

AROUND THE INDUSTRY

North Carolina School Update

Tapping into the Talent Pipeline

By Dr. R. Jason Davis, Assistant Dean, University of Mount Olive

My career has taken place largely

at the intersection of youth programs, agriculture and the green industry, as well as in education at the secondary and postsecondary levels in the community college and university systems. Through my many dealings with people in those arenas, one question I hear repeatedly concerns where the next generation of leaders, thinkers, innovators and employees will come from. Great leaders, thinkers and innovators place so much emphasis on building a business, program or system, they often overlook the broader goal of growing our most important resource: our people.

In a 2020 report (Fernandez et al., 2020), the U.S. Department of Agriculture predicted that job opportunities for college graduates in food, agriculture, renewable resources and environment-related fields would increase by almost 3% between 2020 and 2025. The strong demand for graduates in the agriculture sector

implies increased competition to attract job candidates — especially those specializing in engineering, science and specialized practices commonly required in the green industry.

At the secondary level, opportunities to excite and recruit students into the green industry vary, including horticultural competitions provided by the National FFA Organization and the North Carolina High School Landscaping Competition. These types of competitions serve as examples of how collaborations among community colleges, universities and private industry can and do work, continuing to grow each year by providing practical, hands-on applications and scenarios in the landscape industry and empowering young people to consider career opportunities. Work is also underway to provide a credential to high school students who complete courses in the horticulture pathway and pass a credential examination. The certification will help prepare students

Jasmine Gonzalez, Green & Growin’ Volunteer

Payton Kennedy, Green & Growin’ Volunteer

Student volunteers at Green and Growin’ 23 (First Row: Courtney Bivins, Natalie McBride, Reagan Carver, Jasmine Gonzalez, Tatiana Martinez; Second Row: Hannah Loftin, Payton Kennedy, Taelor Scales)

20 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

for the Certified Plant Professional (CPP) certification exam and encourage them to continue their growth and experience in the field.

Postsecondary students, on the other hand, must receive not only the science, theory and knowledge required, but also applied experience. Typically this experience comes through handson learning in labs, trips to commercial operations/businesses, internships and participation in leadership organizations. As part of their course of study at the University of Mount Olive, students are required to complete a 15week internship related to their degree program, during which they learn from supervision — both on the job and through the university — and strive to meet growth objectives declared

UMO Students attend the NCNLA Summer Educational Summit (Dr. Jennifer Bradley, Jasmine Gonzalez, Tatiania Martinez, Sarah Holloman, Payton Mathis, Parker, Bryan, and Dr. Jason Davis)

network with young individuals with similar interests and backgrounds.

• Offer an internship to a student.

Interns who perform well and form relationships with employers are often hired by those companies after graduation.

• Provide students with opportunities to visit your operation or business.

• Create relationships with local community colleges and universities.

• Engage with the North Carolina High School Landscaping Competition and FFA competitions.

Opportunities come to everyone, but they seldom return, so be sure to take advantage of opportunities to connect with younger individuals interested in the green industry.

by them and their employer. Students are also encouraged to attend and participate in professional development opportunities like the annual Green & Growin’ show to learn from experts on the latest trends and issues facing the green industry. Students are also prepared for careers by having

Citations Fernandez, J. M., Goecker, A. D., Smith, E., Moran, E. R., & Wilson, C. A. (2020).

Employment Opportunities for College Graduates in Food, Agriculture, Renewable Natural Resources and the Environment United States, 2020-2025. https://www. purdue.edu/usda/employment/

opportunities to apply for certifications such as the North Carolina Pesticide Core, CPP and others.

What can you do to tap into this talent pipeline?

• Become involved in the NCNLA and the Green & Growin’ event, which is a great opportunity to

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21

AROUND THE INDUSTRY

North Carolina School Update

We Want You!

By Jodi Songer, NCSU Department of Horticultural Science, Senior Lecturer

Uncle Sam said it, and so does

the North Carolina State University Horticulture Wolfpack: “We Want You!” NCNLA members, hear our battle cry: Let’s partner. N.C. State Horticulture Department professors want to ensure that today’s graduates are meeting the needs of the industry, and one crucial way we can ensure that type of success is by teaming up with industry professionals and leveraging their expertise in our curriculum.

Many of our landscape and nursery courses incorporate opportunities to collaborate with professionals through field trips, guest speakers and events. As a landscape maintenance instructor, I continually partner with industry members to enrich students’ learning experiences.

This fall in the Landscape Maintenance course, for example, students:

NCSU students in Landscape Maintenance course work with SiteOne sales team members to source irrigation items needed to design and install mobile irrigation systems.

Students work with Rupert’s McKenna Rowles to investigate irrigation equipment.

•

NCSU student Will Taylor learns essential tree climbing safety from Bartlett Tree Care’s Luke Ferreira.

22 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

climbed trees with Bartlett Tree Care • explored irrigation system components with Ruppert Landscape • analyzed commercial irrigation timers and systems with LandCare • designed and assembled a portable irrigation system with SiteOne • operated various landscape equipment and examined safety with Bland Landscaping • examined business opportunities with Currin Outdoor Living Industry professionals interact with students during these experiential labs, which last two to three hours each, teaching important skills, making important connections and introducing students (as potential future interns and employees) to career opportunities. So, these collaborations are often mutually beneficial for both students and

employers in the green industry — and they are so much more impactful than a quick hello at a career fair.

If you feel you could provide value to the N.C. State Horticulture program or would consider working with students in some capacity that could benefit your company and the future workforce, please contact me at jssonger@ncsu.edu. With courses in landscape design, maintenance, construction, nursery management, arboriculture, floriculture, business, and many other landscape and nursery specialties, there are numerous topics in which to lend your expertise. So please consider nourishing your relationships with N.C. horticulture students and making a positive impact on future nursery and landscape industry professionals — these partnerships are truly a win-win!

AROUND THE INDUSTRY

Landscape Contractors’ Licensing Board Splitting Invoices, License Lending and Anonymous Complaints … Oh My! Almost certainly, there are unlicensed landscapers out there right now flying under the radar. Perhaps they are only doing a job or two in excess of $30,000, or maybe they are splitting invoices to avoid the appearance that a job is over $30,000.

Regardless, whether intentional or not, they are likely in violation of North Carolina law.

These unlicensed contractors might be doing jobs using a licensed landscape contractor’s license “to get started” or “to do this one job.” However, allowing an unlicensed landscaper to use a licensed landscape contractor’s license — for any reason — is considered license lending and is a direct violation of the law. In such cases, not only would the unlicensed landscaper be guilty of unlicensed practice, but the licensed landscape contractor would be guilty of license lending — and both parties would be subject to disciplinary action by the North Carolina Landscape Contractors’ Licensing Board (NCLCLB).

It is also important to note that an unlicensed landscaper doing landscape work for an exempt general contractor who is a building contractor, residential contractor or public utilities contractor may still be in violation of the law, unless they are W-2 employees of the exempt general contractor or the project falls under $30,000, inclusive of all costs. In this example, the building contractor, residential contractor or public utilities contractor has no liability, since they would be exempt; however, the unlicensed landscaper would not be exempt from any liability!

In a previous issue of Nursery & Landscape Notes, it was noted that at Green & Growin’ 23 in Greensboro, several unlicensed landscapers stated that they have quoted jobs at or above the $30,000 threshold, not realizing that just quoting a job of $30,000 or more is a violation of the law. And some stated that they intentionally quote jobs for just under $30,000 to avoid the threshold — however, doing so is risky, as any change that pushes the project cost above $30,000 could lead to legal violations.

24 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

For those contractors, it’s only a matter of time before they find themselves facing a judge.

The NCLCLB can and does investigate all unlicensed practice cases. More than half of the unlicensed cases in 2022 raised probable-cause issues for the board to pursue disciplinary action, sometimes resulting in consent agreements that permanently bar unlicensed individuals from landscape construction or contracting in North Carolina until they are properly licensed. Failure to comply or further violations can compel the NCLCLB to take legal action, incurring significant costs and damage to the reputation of the unlicensed individual or company.

The NCLCLB is committed to supporting licensed landscape contractors and protecting the public by upholding North Carolina law.

However, the board does not investigate anonymous complaints (Chapter 28B; Section .0701 of the North Carolina Administrative Code) — and for good reason. Since anonymous complaints could be submitted with no accountability or consequences, they could be malicious and completely unfounded, intended only to cause trouble, expense and reputational damage to a landscaper. As such, anonymous complaints open the door for abuse by people wanting to engage in retaliation against businesses or individuals. Additionally, they can be a tremendous waste of resources, preventing the NCLCLB from addressing genuine issues that truly safeguard the life, health and property of the public.

If you are an unlicensed landscaper or are considering starting a landscaping business, make the effort to become a licensed landscape contractor — 32 new professionals have done just that within the past nine months. Taking this important step will provide professional recognition for you and add value for your customers — and keep you from hearing from the NCLCLB’s attorney. So join the more than 2,000 current licensees and let your customers proudly know that you are a licensed landscape contractor!

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Adcock’s Nursery

Five Oaks Nursery

Old Courthouse Nursery

Sampson Nursery, Inc.

Carroll’s Plant Center

Green Biz Nursery

Panther Creek Nursery

Smith’s Nursery

Casey Nursery, Inc.

Jericho Farms

Pender Nursery

Swift Creek Nursery

Currin’s Nursery

Johnson Nursery Corp.

Powell’s Nursery

Worthington Farms

Fair View Nursery, Inc.

McLamb Nursery

Rhodes Nursery

JoCoPlants

Booth 404 Booth 141

Booth 100

Booth 235 Booth 501

Booth 623 Booth 223 Booth 103

Booth 1319 Booth 209

Booth 715

Booth 239 Booth 427 Booth 215

Booth 314

Booth 901

Booth 402

Booth 900 Booth 232 Booth 144

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AROUND THE INDUSTRY

NCDA&CS Spotlight:

The Box Tree Moth

Steve Troxler, Commissioner

By Amy Michael, NCDA&CS – Plant Industry Division, Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Coordinator

Boxwoods (Buxus spp.) are one

of the most popular garden plants in the world, with records of ornamental boxwood plantings as early as 4000 BC (NCCE). Planted as hedgerows and in parks and gardens practically everywhere, with species and varieties ranging in tolerance from tropical climes down to USDA Zone 4, the boxwood is a very lucrative nursery plant. In the United States alone, an estimated 3.6 million boxwoods are produced each year, with North Carolina ranking No. 7 for production (Frank, 2021). However, every plant has its share of vulnerabilities, and the ubiquity of boxwoods in the landscape has turned the box tree moth into a wellfed, prolific pest capable of destroying whole stands of boxwoods in areas where the insects have been introduced.

For that reason, it is critical for North Carolina landscapers, nursery resellers and boxwood producers to understand the background of this pest and prepare to prevent it from becoming a major problem in our state.

Impact and Invasion History

The box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis, BTM) is a defoliating pest of boxwoods, though it will also eat new bark growth once it has depleted the leaves. BTM can produce up to five generations per year in favorable field conditions, meaning populations can grow to explosive numbers in just one season. Heavy infestations can lead to complete destruction of established boxwood stands if left untreated (Figure 1). And while Buxus is by far the most preferred host of BTM, other popular landscape shrubs are also at risk.

According to a 2023 U.S. Department of Agriculture review of BTM literature, they “consider it likely 26 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

Figure 1. A healthy boxwood (top) compared to one heavily infested with box tree moth caterpillars (bottom). USDA photos by Ignacio Baez (top) and Mafalda Weldon (bottom).

that Murraya paniculata [orange jasmine] is a host of the BTM, and Euonymus alatus and E. japonicus are possible hosts.

Ilex purpurea [oriental holly] is unlikely to be a host, and many other plant species mentioned in the literature seem to only have served as refugia after all boxwood leaves and bark in the vicinity had been consumed.” (USDA-APHIS-PPQ: Plant Pest Risk Analysis, 2023). This point has further implications for nursery dealers:

While BTM has only been observed to complete its life cycle on Buxus and the three other species mentioned above, there is still the risk of caterpillars crawling to adjacent plants to pupate — meaning that they could hitchhike in otherwise innocuous plant shipments coming into our state.

Originally native to eastern Asia, BTM was first found in Germany and the Netherlands in 2007 and may have been introduced through infested plant shipments.

Europe has several naturally occurring Buxus spp. in addition to ornamental plantings, and the moth quickly spread throughout the European Union, Britain and Ireland. To date, BTM has spread to an estimated 30 European countries (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2019).

BTM eventually made a transatlantic voyage and was discovered in a Toronto neighborhood in 2018. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has surveyed for this moth ever since, and soon found populations in Windsor (near the border with Detroit, MI) and in St. Catherine’s (near the border with Niagara Falls, NY).

Unfortunately, Niagara Falls poses no challenge to a winged organism, and the first U.S. detection of BTM was made in Niagara County, NY, in 2021, likely arriving by natural spread. BTM has now spread further south by hitchhiking along with humans, and was found in southeastern Michigan in 2022 and in southwestern Ohio and the Cape Cod region of Massachusetts in 2023. Canada has also continued to survey, finding BTM at several retail locations in Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador in 2023 — the first instances in which the pest has been found in Canada outside of Ontario. The CFIA has enacted a quarantine on host plants within infested areas (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2019).

Figure 2. Box tree moth caterpillar defoliation feeding (photo by Ferenc Lakatos, University of Sopron, Bugwood.org)

Figure 3. Box tree moth caterpillar with webbing and frass (photo by Ferenc Lakatos, University of Sopron, Bugwood.org) Inset. BTM caterpillar in overwintering chamber (photo by NCDA&CS)

NCA&CS Survey and Interceptions

The NCDA&CS – Plant Industry Division has surveyed for this pest since 2021 using pheromone lures and traps that trap male moths, focusing on wholesale production locations to determine whether North Carolina has the pest. To date, NCDA&CS has not detected any BTM through its survey. We plan to survey retail locations in 2024. You can find updates about this program online at https://ncagr.gov/ plantindustry/Plant/entomology/CAPS.htm.

While North Carolina does not currently have a known infestation of BTM, we have intercepted plants associated with infested shipments before. Fortunately, we received notification quickly, and these interceptions were managed efficiently. One infested shipment to our state could easily generate an established population of BTM.

Identifying Box Tree Moth and Damage

BTM is the only pest that defoliates boxwood in North America. Feeding by the caterpillar begins in March, and several generations are possible through late October. The caterpillars overwinter by wrapping themselves in silk chambers between leaves (Figure 3, inset).

Figure 4. Eggs laid on leaf (USDA photo by Hannah Nadel)

Figure 5. Box tree moth pupae removed from protective webbing (USDA photo by Hannah Nadel).

BTM caterpillars chew on the leaves of What Can I Do to Protect boxwoods. Early feeding may look like dry/ My Business Against BTM? discolored leaves before chewing proceeds Reporting suspect BTM and any other to the midrib of each leaf and eventually the invasive plant pests to NCDA&CS is bark, once the leaves are gone (Figure 2). essential to preventing their establishment Webbing will begin to appear as caterpillars and spread. If you see any suspect BTM of feed, and you may be able to see roundish any life stage, or BTM damage, please take frass stuck in the webbing, which can help a picture and submit it to newpest@ncagr. to rule out spider mite feeding (Figure 3). gov. If you are able to capture the specimen, The caterpillars themselves are green with keep it in an airtight container until black heads, and they will develop black NCDA&CS can retrieve it. All life stages stripes with white spots as they should be kept in the freezer. age, reaching up to 1.5 inches If you receive a shipment a. in length before pupating from out of the state or (Figure 3). country, avoid commingling The nonlarval stages of them with the plants you BTM are much more cryptic. already have. If you’d like to Pale yellow eggs are laid in be especially proactive, please clusters on the undersides contact us in February 2024 of leaves with a fish-scale to volunteer as a participant appearance (Figure 4). Pupae in the BTM detection survey. b. will generally surround Employees of the NCDA&CS themselves with silk and pupate Cooperative Agricultural Pest in the host leaves (Figure 5).

Survey program will then set, Adult BTM have a service and remove the traps wingspan of up to 1.5 inches throughout the season. and do not fold their wings much when resting. Most References adults have white bodies and Frank, S. (2021, July 19). c. wings with a brown margin, Urgent New Pest Alert: though dark forms that are Box Tree Moth Found. NC mostly brown also may be Cooperative Extension. found. Coloration does not NC Cooperative Extension. (n.d.). seem to be related to the sex of North Carolina Extension Gardener the moth. Both color morphs Plant Toolbox: Buxus. Retrieved can be distinguished from September 27, 2023, from https:// melonworm moths (a native Figure 6. Adult box tree lookalike) by the white crescent moths in a) light form and plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/buxus/.

USDA-APHIS-PPQ: Plant mark on their forewing b) dark form (photo by Szabolcs Sáfián, University of Pest Risk Analysis. (2023, margin (Figure 6). The trap West Hungary, Bugwood.org); February 8). Evaluation and lure combinations used c) adult melonworm moth, of non-Buxus plants as

by NCDA&CS attract male a common lookalike of BTM BTM that are already present that lacks the white crescent hosts of the box tree moth, mark on the forewing Cydalima perspectalis Walker within two miles, killing the (photo by Mark Dreiling, (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). moth once captured.

Bugwood.org).

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 27

AROUND THE INDUSTRY

Financial Clarity:

A Key to Thriving Business Operations

By Matthew Everson, Fractional Controller, Blackline Solutions LLC

When starting a business, we plan

what products or services to sell, how to acquire customers, what inputs are needed and how to meet our customers’ needs. We often think through potential costs and how to price our products and services. Yet many times, we overlook an important missing link: how to keep a clean set of books. As an old saying goes, “If you don’t know your numbers, you don’t know your business.”

Your books should provide three important financial statements: an income statement (also known as profit and loss/P&L), a balance sheet and a cash flow statement. Each of these presents different information and has different uses, but each offers an important view into the health and direction of your business.

Income Statement

The income statement summarizes all income and expenses the business incurs over a period of time and provides a net income/profit (or loss) as the difference between total income and total expenses. This statement includes things like revenue from sales or services, costs for supplies or materials, payroll and labor expenses, payments to and credits from vendors, and interest income or payments.

An accurate income statement will show both the business gross margin (after cost of goods or services sold, or COGS) and net margin (after all operating expenses). When analyzed over time, the income statement will reveal whether the business is growing or contracting. Likewise, it is one of the main documents used to determine how much may be owed in taxes.

Sounds simple, right? However, the challenge comes in getting the right things recorded, in the right places, on the income statement. For instance, 28 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

the purchase of a business vehicle almost always is not an expense but a transfer of cash to a fixed asset on the balance sheet. Likewise, putting the appropriate expenses in COGS is vital to understanding the profitability of the business. Without having an accurate gross margin, it is very difficult to determine how growth in customers or sales will impact the bottom line.

Balance Sheet

The balance sheet lists all the assets, liabilities and equity a business holds.

Assets include balances of checking and savings accounts; receivables like monies owed by customers; prepaid expenses; fixed assets such as vehicles, buildings and large pieces of equipment; and long-term loans owed by others to the business. Liabilities include credit card balances, credit lines, payables

like vendor invoices, payroll liabilities like benefits and taxes owed, and longterm loans. Equity includes partner contributions to or distributions from the business, as well as retained earnings over the course of business operations.

Many businesses ignore their balance sheet to focus on the income statement, but valuable information can be found on the balance sheet as well. If accounts receivable is growing, for instance, that could represent a collections or payment issue and almost always results in a reduction in cash flow for the business. If liabilities like credit cards or credit lines increase consistently, this could be another sign that the business has a cash flow problem. Consistent unpaid payroll liabilities need to be investigated, due to the tax and legal requirements surrounding them.

Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement shows the movements of cash into, through and out of the business, combining much of the information on the income statement

and balance sheet to give a picture of how cash is received and used. The cash flow statement takes the income and expenses on the income statement, removes the noncash transactions and

adds in balance sheet items, such as asset purchases or principal payments on loans, to show the net cash change.

Examples of noncash transactions include unpaid invoices or depreciation and amortization expenses.

The cash flow statement provides insight into where the cash in a business moves. The more complex a business becomes, with significant noncash entries on the income statement, the more helpful a cash flow statement can be in determining where cash is going.

All three of these statements are only as good as the information and numbers booked, however. If a business does not have accurate records of transactions, or has an owner’s personal finances mixed with business finances, the first step is to correct those issues.

These three statements, generated from clean books, can provide a window into crucial aspects of your business, allowing you to make informed decisions with relevant data.

25 YEARS OF POSITIVE CHANGE BioSafe Systems has adapted and progressed by using expert knowledge, diligent research, and customer communication to solve problems for a stronger future.

CELEBRATE WITH US

1-888-273-3088 | BioSafeSystems.com FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 29

Field Grown Trees and Shrubs Shade & Ornamental

Osmanthus • Holly Magnolia • Cryptomeria Arborvitae • Elm • Oak Hornbeam • Cherry

and more!

Located in the Charlotte Area phone 704-596-4516 kirkdavisnurserysales@gmail.com

www.kirkdavisnursery.com

You’re Invited to the First Annual CPP Breakfast Hosted during

Wednesday, January 17, 2024 7:30 AM – 8:15AM Sheraton Greensboro at Four Seasons

Knowing is Growing

Get to know your fellow Certified Plant Professionals from across the state!

RSVP to your host Katie Rodrigues at education@ncnla.com

30 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

SPECIAL SECTION

January 15-19, 2024

GREENSBORO, NC

www.greenandgrowin.com

Education: January 15-17 at the Sheraton Greensboro at Four Seasons Marketplace: January 18-19 at the Greensboro Coliseum Special Events Center Get ready for Green & Growin’ 24, where thousands of horticulture and landscape experts will unite for one of the most sought-after green industry conferences in the Southeast. You’ll have access to a top-notch education program packed with plenty of continuing education units (CEUs), plus a trade show marketplace representing all aspects of the industry. And don’t forget about the networking opportunities — get ready to mingle and have a great time!

Of course, all of this comes with a generous helping of good ol’ Southern hospitality.

Education

The Green & Growin’ 24 Education Conference, January 15-17, will feature an impressive lineup of specialty workshops, certification courses and general education sessions. Expanding on our landscape, irrigation and pesticide focus, we are also integrating classes that specifically address the needs of nurseries and growers, who are such a vital part of our industry.

This program is packed with CEUs for green industry professionals looking to expand their knowledge and earn credits for licenses and certifications. All education sessions will take place at the Sheraton Greensboro at Four Seasons.

Marketplace

At the Green & Growin’ 24 Marketplace, January 18-19, you’ll have a unique chance to check out top products from a wide array of industry producers and suppliers, have meaningful talks with representatives, and place orders for the year ahead.

With more than 325 exhibiting companies, Green & Growin’ has gained a reputation as one of the most coveted events in the green industry, setting the bar for product showcases, networking opportunities and business deals. The Marketplace will take place at the Greensboro Coliseum Special Events Center.

Keynote Speakers Green & Growin’ 24 keynote speakers will present from 12:00 noon - 12:50 PM. Lunch will be provided on a first-come, firstserved basis beginning at 11:30 AM. Please remember to scan your badge into the keynote presentation, even if you are not joining us for lunch.

Tuesday: Leslie Halleck: Professional Plant Enthusiast, Creator, Artist, Speaker and Writer

Take Back Control: The Importance of Driving Trends Instead of Chasing Them 32 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

EARLY BIRD

Register by Dec. 15, 2023 and save!

Networking

North Carolina’s green industry is known for a strong sense of teamwork and camaraderie among its members, from family-owned farms to larger businesses. Throughout the week, Green & Growin’ offers various opportunities to connect and build valuable relationships with industry peers. Be sure to mark your calendar for the show’s highlight event, the second annual President’s Reception, on Thursday, January 18, at 8:00 PM. All attendees of the Education and Marketplace events are welcome to join the reception, which will be hosted by NCNLA’s 2024 president, Ariel Montanez.

The evening will offer desserts, a cash bar, a cornhole tournament and more!

Education & Marketplace

Wednesday: Jeffrey Scott:

Investor, Entrepreneur, Landscape Industry Expert, Speaker and Business Consultant

Every Business Needs a Number 2

amenities

Thanks to our sponsors, we can provide complimentary food and beverage — so you can spend more time on the floor. (available daily while supplies last).

coffee • lunch afternoon snacks

Glance

SCHEDULE AT A

MARKETPLACE: January 18-19

Greensboro Coliseum Special Events Center Thursday, January 18 9:00 AM-5:00 PM Green & Growin’ Marketplace Friday, January 19 9:00 AM-2:00 PM Green & Growin’ Marketplace

MEETINGS & EVENTS Wednesday, January 17 7:30 - 8:15 AM Certified Plant Professional Breakfast, by invitation only Sheraton — Biltmore Meeting Room 4:30 - 6:00 PM NC State University Horticulture Science Alumni & Friends Reception Sheraton — Biltmore Meeting Room

EDUCATION: January 15-17

Sheraton Greensboro at Four Seasons Monday, January 15 8:30 AM-5:00 PM Specialty Workshops

Tuesday, January 16 7:30-8:30 AM Check-in & Coffee 8:30 AM-4:00 PM Education Sessions 11:30 AM-12:50 PM Lunch & Keynote Address: Leslie Halleck

Thursday, January 18 7:30-9:00 AM NCNLA Membership Breakfast & Annual Meeting Coliseum 8:00 PM President’s Reception Sheraton — Victoria Ballroom

Wednesday, January 17 7:30-8:30 AM Check-in & Coffee 8:30 AM-4:00 PM Education Sessions 11:30 AM-12:50 PM Lunch & Keynote Address: Jeffrey Scott

Friday, January 19 11:30 AM-12:30 PM Women in the Green Industry Meeting Coliseum

Education

Schedule is subject to change.

MONDAY, JANUARY 15 Lunch served at 11:30 AM

TUESDAY, JANUARY 16 Lunch served at 11:30 AM

8:30 AM - 5:00 PM

Certified Plant Professional Review Course, Danny Lauderdale, Cyndi Lauderdale, Colby Griffin and Sam Marshall

8:30 - 11:30 AM

Certified Plant Professional Review Course, Danny Lauderdale, Cyndi Lauderdale, Colby Griffin and Sam Marshall

8:30 AM - 4:30 PM

Sustainable and Profitable Planting Design, Richard Ludwig

8:30 AM - 4:30 PM

NC Commercial Pesticide Applicator Training School

8:30 - 11:30 AM

Bringing Landscapes to Life: The Magic of Outdoor Lighting Design, Lee Barnwell, SiteOne

1:00 - 5:00 PM

CPP Exam

1:00 - 5:00 PM

Pruning for Professionals, Bryce Lane

1:00 - 4:00 PM

Drip by Drip: Precision Irrigation Techniques Unveiled, JB Liefert, SiteOne

NCNLA applies for continuing education units from various state and national entities. For CEU status updates, please visit www.greenandgrowin.com.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 17 Lunch served at 11:30 AM 8:30 - 11:30 AM

NC Commercial Pesticide Applicator Training School

1:00 - 5:00 PM

NC Pesticide Exam

CEU Opportunities The NCNLA applies for continuing education credits from the following entities: ● LC Landscape Contractor License (NC) —

● IC Irrigation Contractor License (NC) —

● ISA International Society of Arboriculture

■ LCB Landscape Contractor License (NC) —

■ ICB Irrigation Contractor License (NC) —

● NALP National Association of Landscape

● LA Landscape Architect License (NC)

● PA Pesticide Applicator License (NC)

Technical CEU Business CEU

Technical Irrigation CEU Business CEU

— Certified Arborist

Professionals — Landscape Industry Certified

Please note that Marketplace attendees will not be able to earn Continuing Education Units (CEUs) by walking the trade show floor.

In lieu of offering this credit, we will continue to seek credit approval for the sponsored demonstrations.

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 33

Education

Schedule is subject to change. The light blue-highlighted classes below offer valuable education tailored for nurseries and growers.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 16 7:30-8:30 AM: Check-in & Coffee

EDUCATION TRACKS 8:30 - 9:20 AM

9:30 - 10:20 AM

10:30 - 11:20 AM

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES Where the Money Goes: Leveraging Reporting to Control Your Costs Tabitha McComas, Aspire Software Turn Your Team Into a Championship Team — Hiring, Training, Management and Motiviation David Fellman, David Fellman & Associates Green Industry Accounting Edward Morrow, Edward the Arborist

BUSINESS OPERATIONS

LANDSCAPE OPERATIONS

PESTS, WEEDS & DISEASES

RFID Unleashed Rene Huurman, AbreTech

Discover New Plant Options Greg Paige, JC Raulston Arboretum

Why Biological Control Can Fail Greg Bryant, Sierra Biological, Inc.

From Seed to Sprout How Effective Marketing Transformed a Landscape Jason Hunt, Merged Media Colin MacMillan, Riverwood Landscape The Green Workforce: Recruiting Strategies Eric Jones, Turf Teacher

Solving Landscape Lighting Challenges Brian Carpenter, SiteOne

Conquering Unruly Weeds Dr. Joe Neal, NCSU

Pruning: From Production to Maintenance Bryce Lane, Teacher, Speaker & Horticulturist

Navigating Change: NCDA&CS Regulatory Updates Paul Adams, Jarred Driscoll, HT Tseng, NCDA&CS

11:30 AM - 12:00 PM - Lunch, available on a first-come, first-serve basis 12:00 - 12:50 PM - Keynote

Leslie Halleck, Dallas, TX Take Back Control: The Importance of Driving Trends Instead of Chasing Them 12:00 - 12:50 PM

When it comes to keeping up with trends, are you in the driver’s seat or a passenger hanging on for dear life? Keeping up with trends in the marketplace can feel like riding a roller coaster. By the time you react and start to tap into a new industry trend, your customers may already be moving on to the next one! Would you rather let social media and customers drive demand, forcing you to constantly react (too late).or would you rather control that conversation from the start? You’re the experts! Learning to become a thought leader in your field through innovation is key. Now is the time to take charge and lead from the front. Leslie will dig deeper into true innovation and what it means to become a thought leader...and inspire you to quit chasing trends and instead take the wheel as trend setters.

1:00 - 1:50 PM

Decoding Your CPA Steve Steele, Steele Dynamic Services

Today’s Insurance Trends Joe Gupton & James Mishoe, Jones Insurance

Sustainable Landscaping Solutions: The Future of Battery-Powered Tools Will Parker, STIHL

2:00 - 2:50 PM

Strategies for Profit Improvement and Financial Freedom Jeffrey Scott Generational Succession Planning Rayne Gibson, Taproot Horticulture Consulting

How Everyone Wears a Sales Hat David Fellman, David Fellman & Associates Benefits of Staff Training Brad Stowe, Chandler Concrete

Using Permeable Pavers in Residential Applications Paul Cureton, Oldcastle APG – North America Residential Restoration: Experiments in Piedmont Prairies Preston Montague, Landscape Architect

3:00 - 3:50 PM

Current Best Management Practices for Boxwood in the Landscape Dr. Holly Scoggins, NewGen® Boxwood Combatting Crape Myrtle Bark Scale Dr. Steve Frank, NCSU Fungicide Efficacy for Common Greenhouse Ornamental Diseases Inga Meadows, NCSU

NCNLA applies for continuing education units from various state and national entities.

For CEU status updates, please visit www.greenandgrowin.com.

34 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

Education

Schedule is subject to change. The light blue-highlighted classes below offer valuable education tailored for nurseries and growers.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 17

7:30-8:15 AM: Certified Plant Professional Breakfast, by invitation only 7:30-8:30 AM: Check-in & Coffee EDUCATION TRACKS 8:30 - 9:20 AM

Irrigation Piping Trends — Where Have We Been and Where are We Going?

Rodney Crow, HARCO Fittings

9:30 - 10:20 AM

VFDs: Speed Control for Pumps Chris Turmelle, SiteOne Landscape Supply Using Wireless Technology to Help Solve Problems and Upgrade Curent Systems John Snyder and Todd Dovel, Smith Turf & Irrigation

10:30 - 11:20 AM

URBAN FORESTRY & ARBORICULTURE

LANDSCAPE OPERATIONS

Safely Accessing Online Weather & Climate Information Tom Ross, Meteorologist & Owner, High Country Nursery Soil Oxygen: The Real Limiting Factor for Newly Planted Trees Wei Zhang, Zynnovation

Growing Success: Unleashing the Power of Data Analytics Rayne Gibson, Taproot Horticulture Consulting

Lawn Insects: Your Top 3 Concerns and How To Manage Them Dr. Terri Billeisen, NCSU

Confronting the Spotted Lantern Fly April Bauder & Amy Michael, NCDA&CS Efficiency Unleashed: Simplifying Labor-Intensive Landscape Work Eric Mangum & Andy Seaton, CATERPILLAR

Advanced Warm Season Turf Disease Management Dr. Jim Kerns, NCSU

IRRIGATION

Landscaping in Limited Spaces: Big Ideas for Small Trees Bryce Lane, Teacher, Speaker & Horticulturist

TURF MANAGEMENT

Advanced Cool Season Turf Disease Management Dr. Jim Kerns, NCSU

11:30 AM - 12:00 PM - Lunch, available on a first-come, first-serve basis 12:00 - 12:50 PM - Keynote

Jeffrey Scott, New Orleans, LA 12:00 - 12:50 PM

Every Business Needs a Number 2 In the realm of business planning and human resources, we all face an array of challenges, both on a personal and professional level. When striving to achieve peak performance in both work and life, you need a trusted teammate who serves as a sounding board and actively contributes to turning aspirations into reality. Identifying the ideal number 2 within your company is instrumental in broadening your strategic perspective and boosting team morale. Learn how to surpass your most ambitious expectations for your company by empowering a Number 2. *For full session description, see website.

1:00 - 1:50 PM

Using the Science of Solvent Welding Kurt Thompson, K. Thompson & Associates, LLC

What is Forest Economics?

Nathan Gatlin, NCSU

2:00 - 2:50 PM

Filtration for Landscape Irrigation Kurt Thompson, IrriTech Training Luke Johnson, Ewing Outdoor Supply Partner Remote Control for Irrigation Systems Greg Goudeau, HydroPoint Data Systems

Soft Skills for Tree Care Professionals Edward Morrow, Edward the Arborist

3:00 - 3:50 PM

Safeguarding Your Roots: Irrigation Beneath Mature Trees Brent Lineberger, Lineberger’s Tree Service, Inc.

Design and Landscape Management: Learning from the Past and Trends for the Future in Landscaping and Maintenance Tom Joyce, Horticulture Consultant Perennials with POW! Dr. Holly Scoggins, NewGen® Boxwood

Organic Turfgrass Care Dr. Grady Miller, NCSU

Water Features in the Landscape Alan & Sherry Koontz, Carolina Pondscapes

Managing Difficult Weeds in Warm and Cool Season Turf Matt Martin, NCSU

Improved Resilience and Increased Sustainability: The Next Generation of Turfgrasses is Here!

Susana Milla-Lewis, NCSU

NCNLA applies for continuing education units from various state and national entities.

For CEU status updates, please visit www.greenandgrowin.com.

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 35

The Green & Growin’ Education Conference

By Rayne Gibson, Horticulture Business Advisor, Green Industry Advocate, Speaker

Where Learning Meets Networking and Growth

Are you a professional in the nursery and landscaping industry looking to “level up” your game? If so, the Green & Growin’ Education Conference is an event you won’t want to miss. This annual gathering brings together experts, innovators and enthusiasts from the green industry to share knowledge, inspire creativity and foster growth. While Continuing Education Units (CEUs) are a prime reason to attend, the benefits extend far beyond.

Why Attend the Green & Growin’ Education Conference?

Before diving into the details of maximizing your conference experience, let’s talk about why attending the Green & Growin’ Education Conference is so important. If you are licensed or certified in fields like horticulture, landscaping, irrigation, pesticide application, or any related area (such as being an NC Certified Plant Professional), you are likely familiar with the CEU requirements. Attending this conference can help you earn the required CEUs,

keeping your professional credentials up to date and valid.

CEUs are more than just a bureaucratic necessity, however — they represent your commitment to staying current in your field and continually improving your skills. Plus, they enhance your professional credibility, making you a more valuable asset to employers and clients alike.

However, the Green & Growin’ Education Conference offers more than just CEUs — it’s a unique opportunity to connect with like-minded professionals, gain insights into industry trends, and discover new products and services that can benefit your business. It’s also a place where you can recharge your passion for the green industry and find fresh inspiration for your projects.

Following is a guide on how to make the most out of your time at the Green & Growin’ Education Conference.

Pre-Conference Preparation

Thorough preparation is essential before stepping into the Sheraton. Begin by carefully examining the conference schedule to identify sessions aligned with your interests and professional goals, then craft a personalized agenda that includes sessions, workshops and networking events most valuable to you.

Also be sure to update your own professional materials. Bring an ample 36 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

supply of business cards, since networking plays such a vital role in any conference, and consider creating a digital version of your resume or portfolio for easy sharing with potential employers or collaborators.

Customizing Your Conference Experience

The Green & Growin’ Education Conference offers a diverse range of sessions, from hands-on workshops to enlightening keynote presentations.

Although attending sessions relevant to your field is crucial, don’t shy away from exploring topics that could broaden your horizons. The horticultural industry continually evolves, and interdisciplinary knowledge can prove invaluable.

Get the most out of the program by actively engaging with presenters and fellow attendees during Q&A sessions and networking breaks. Ask questions, share insights and exchange contact information with those who share your interests.

Remember: You’re not merely absorbing information — you’re building connections.

Maximizing CEU Acquisition

One of the primary reasons to attend the Green & Growin’ Education Conference, of course, is to accumulate CEUs, which are required for maintaining industry licenses and certifications and

indispensable for keeping with the latest developments. To ensure that you leave the conference with a substantial number of CEUs, consider these strategies: • Plan ahead: Identify sessions offering CEUs, and confirm their approval status online at www.greenandgrowin.com to prioritize them on your agenda.

• Participate actively: Engage fully in sessions and workshops, participating in discussions, asking questions and sharing your experiences.

• Maintain records: Keep detailed records of the sessions you attend, including session titles, dates and presenter names. This information will prove to be invaluable when reporting CEUs to your certifying organization.

• Proof of attendance: Proof of attendance forms will be made available within 30 days of the trade show closing, attendees will receive all forms via email and will be responsible for confirming their attendance records are accurate.

Networking and Professional Engagement

One of the most significant advantages of attending an education conference like Green & Growin’ is the opportunity to network with peers, mentors and industry leaders, which can lead to new job opportunities, fresh collaborations and valuable insights. Here’s how to make the most out of conference networking:

•

•

•

•

Attend social events: Participate in social events and receptions, found on page 33 — Schedule at a Glance.. These informal settings provide excellent opportunities to connect with fellow attendees on a personal level.

Utilize social media: Follow the conference hashtag (#GreenandGrowin24) on social media platforms to stay updated on real-time discussions and connect with other attendees. Share your conference experiences to engage with a broader audience.

Explore the sponsor exhibits: Visit the exhibit area to interact with vendors and discover the latest products and services in the industry.

Engage with licensing board exhibitors to gather information: Take this opportunity to introduce yourself, get to know their representatives, and ask any questions or address any concerns you may have.

Post-Conference Steps

When the conference concludes, your journey is far from over! To ensure that the experience continues to benefit you, consider the following post-conference actions: • Reflect: Take time to think about what you’ve learned and the connections you’ve made. Identify

actionable steps to apply your newfound knowledge in your work.

• Follow up: Reach out to the contacts you made during the conference. Send personalized thank-you emails and connect on professional networking platforms like LinkedIn. • Share insights: Share your conference insights with colleagues and superiors. Consider hosting a post-conference presentation or writing a summary report to disseminate key takeaways within your organization.

• Proof of attendance: Be sure to check you email 30 days after the event to confirm your attendance records are accurate. (Yes, this has been mentioned twice in the article, because it is that important.)

Being part of the Green & Growin’ Education Conference can truly enhance your career. By preparing effectively, customizing your conference journey, maximizing CEU acquisition, networking actively and embracing the conference experience, you can make the most of this unparalleled annual gathering of green industry professionals. Get ready to immerse yourself in the world of horticulture, connect with your peers, and experience personal and professional growth. The Green & Growin’ Education Conference awaits, and the opportunities are boundless!

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 37

North Carolina Nursery & Landscape Association 968 Trinity Rd., Raleigh, NC 27607 P: 919-816-9119 | F: 919-746-7161 E: info@ncnla.com

Jan. 15-19, 2024 | Greensboro, NC

R E G I S T R AT I O N F O R M allow 5-7 business days 1. REGISTRATION INFO Please for processing and confirmation.

3. BUSINESS TYPE

4. JOB DESCRIPTION

Attendee___________________________________________________________

 Allied Supplier — Products

 Buyer  Corporate Officer  Field Manager/Supervisor  Field Personnel  Office Manager/Supervisor  Office Personnel  Owner  Sales  Other _________________

Company___________________________________________________________ Company Address ___________________________________________________ City ______________________ State ______________

Zip _______________

Company Phone _________________________________

Fax _______________

Attendee Email (required) _____________________________________________ Billing Email (if different from Attendee)_________________________________

2. NCNLA MEMBERSHIP Membership will be verified and invoiced if new or expired.

Are you a current NCNLA Member?  Yes  No I would like to  Renew  Join

 Allied Supplier — Services  Education  Garden Center/Retailer  Government  Grass/Sod/Turf  Irrigation  Landscape Architect  Landscape Install/Maint-Residential  Landscape install/Maint-Commercial  Lighting  Nursery  Other _______________________

EARLY-BIRD Through Dec. 15

5. REGISTRATION OPTIONS NOTE: All on-site registration, if available, will incur a $30 processing fee (applies to Education, not Marketplace admission).

Member

2024 SPECIALTY WORKSHOPS

Non-Member

REGISTRATION Dec. 16 through Jan. 12 Member

TOTAL

Non-Member

MONDAY & TUESDAY

Commercial Pesticide Applicator Training School (Tuesday & Wednesday)

1½-day class, includes books & lunch both days; Separate fee required for Wednesday exam and paid directly to NCDA&CS *Registration will close on January 5*

$175

$225

$195

$245

$

Sustainable and Profitable Planting Design, Richard Ludwig (Monday) *NEW*

$295

$345

$315

$365

$

Bringing Landscapes to Life: The Magic of Outdoor Lighting Design (Monday Morning) *NEW*

$95

$125

$115

$145

$

Drip by Drip: Precision Irrigation Techniques Unveiled (Monday Afternoon) *NEW*

$95

$125

$115

$145

$

Pruning for Professionals, Bryce Lane (Monday Afternoon)

$95

$125

$115

$145

$

1½-day class, includes lunch both days; Separate fee required for Wednesday exam *Registration will close on January 5*

$175

$225

$195

$245

$

CPP Exam (Tuesday Afternoon)

$100

$100

$100

$100

$

1-day class for newcomers & veterans; Includes Monday lunch 3-hour workshop; Includes Monday lunch 3-hour workshop; Includes Monday lunch

4-hour workshop; Includes Monday lunch

CPP Review (Monday & Tuesday) *NEW*

Must be approved prior to sitting for the exam *Registration will close on January 5*

GENERAL EDUCATION

TUESDAY & WEDNESDAY

G&G Package *BEST VALUE* — up to 15 CEUs

$295

$395

$395

$495

$

Tuesday Only — up to 7 CEUs

$195

$265

$265

$335

$

Wednesday Only — up to 7 CEUs

$195

$265

$265

$335

$

Tuesday & Wednesday General Education activities plus Marketplace admission Includes keynote, lunch & General Education sessions Includes keynote, lunch & General Education sessions

MARKETPLACE

THURSDAY & FRIDAY

General Admission

$20

$20

$20

$20

$

Student Admission

$5

$5

$5

$5

$

6. TOTAL DUE / PAYMENT

$

 Check #

 Credit Card (You will be invoiced via email provided in Section 1)

7. LICENSES / CERTIFICATIONS HELD NC CPP:

Landscape Contractor:

Irrigation Contractor:

Landscape Architect:

Pesticide Applicator (include state if other than NC):

ISA Certified Arborist: Other:

NOTE: Include your state and license number for each license held. Proof of attendance forms will be made available within 30 days of the trade show closing, attendees will receive all forms via email and will be responsible for confirming their attendance records are accurate. CEUS available to earn may vary based on individual license requirements.

38 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

What is NCNLA? The North Carolina Nursery & Landscape Association is a 501(c)5 non-profit membership organization of firms interested in the welfare of North Carolina’s green industry, with emphasis on the nursery and landscape segments.

NCNLA’s vertically-integrated membership includes growers, suppliers, landscapers and retail garden centers.

MISSION

Provide essential value to our members through education, marketing and advocacy.

VISION

Promote and protect the interests of the North Carolina green industry.

NCNLA members include: Wholesale Growers Retailers Suppliers Landscapers Universities Community Colleges Government Agencies

Four easy ways to join:

By The Numbers 450

Potentially save $450+ a year on education and events (per person)

100

100+ hours of horticulture and business education offered to increase business knowledge 75+ hours of Continuing Education Credits

400,000

$400,000+ spent on Industry Marketing & Advocacy

Online: www.ncnla.com Email: info@ncnla.com Phone: 919-816-9119 OR Fill out the form on the next page and send to: NCNLA 968 Trinity Road Raleigh, NC 27607

Join Today FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 39

NCNLA Membership Application COMPANY NAME ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTACT NAME ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ADDRESS _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CITY __________________________________________________________

STATE ___________________ ZIP _____________________

PHONE __________________________________________________________

FAX ____________________________________________

EMAIL (REQUIRED) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ WEBSITE __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

BUSINESS TYPE (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY):

MEMBERSHIP TYPE (CIRCLE ONE):

■ Allied Supplier - Products

Membership Category

■ Allied Supplier - Services

Member < 10 $275 (Headquarters/office 10-24 $325 in North Carolina) 25-49 $425 > 50 $525

■ Garden Center/Retailer ■ Grass/Sod/Turf ■ Irrigation ■ Landscape Architect ■ Landscape Install/Maint-Residential ■ Landscape Install/Maint-Commercial ■ Lighting ■ Nursery ■ Other_________________________________

Job Description ■ Buyer ■ Corporate Officer ■ Field Manager/Supervisor ■ Field Personnel ■ Office Manager/Supervisor ■ Office Personnel ■ Owner ■ Sales ■ Other_________________________________

If mailing, please enclose check, payable to NCNLA and mail to: NCNLA, 968 Trinity Road, Raleigh, NC 27607 40 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

Employees

Annual Dues

Associate Member < 10 $275 (Headquarters/office 10-24 $325 outside North Carolina) 25-49 $425 > 50 $525 Supporting N/A Organization Member (Nonprofit associations, nongovernmental/governmental organizations, universities, community colleges and similar entities that share NCNLA’s mission)

$325

Supporting N/A Individual Member (Employees of nonprofit associations, nongovernmental/ governmental organizations, universities, community colleges and similar entities that share NCNLA’s mission that are not Supporting Organization Members)

$50

Student Chapter (Horticulture degree program or related field of study at a North Carolina based university or community college)

N/A

$275

Sustaining N/A Individual Member (Members in good standing for 5 or more years, who retired from active employment in the industry)

$50

Total Annual Dues: $____________________________

Sponsorships

Growers, retailers, landscapers and other green industry professionals gather each year to network, find suppliers/customers at the Marketplace and earn CEUs at the Education Program during Green & Growin’ - the largest green industry trade show in the Southeast! Learn how you can put your company’s brand in front of more than 5,000 attendees.

G&G Partner Program Our program provides your company with opportunities to increase your exposure through high- visibility items, show amenities and networking events.

Bronze $250

Silver $500

Gold $1000

Platinum $3000

Ruby $4500

Logo on Website

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Logo in Showbook

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Logo on Signage

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

1/4

1/2

FULL

FULL

2 - 2X2

3 - 2X2

Marketplace Window Cling

✓

✓

Marketplace Hanging Sign

✓

✓

Benefits

Showbook Ad

Marketplace Floor Sticker 1 - 2X2

Highlight Article in Nursery & Landscape Notes

✓

Tabletop Exhibit at Education Program

✓

Education and Marketplace Attendee List

✓

Green & Growin’ Showbook Ad Material Specifications n

Showbook trim size is 8.5 x 11 inches.

n

Press quality PDF files are preferred.

n

All important text or logos should maintain a recommended safety of approximately 0.5” from the page edge.

n

Resolution: images/files should have a resolution of 300 dpi, 133 line screen.

1/2 FULL PAGE BLEED

FULL PAGE NO BLEED 1/4

Full Page Bleed 8.5” x 11” +0.125” on all sides

Full Page Non-Bleed 7.25” x 10”

Half Page 7.25” x 4.75” Quarter Page* 3.5” x 4.75”

Select your Partner Program level.

Bronze $250

Gold $1000

Platinum $3000

Ruby $4500

Benefits outlined on previous page.

Benefits outlined on previous page plus one of the following:

Benefits outlined on previous page plus one exclusive benefit:

Benefits outlined on previous page plus one exclusive benefit:

Silver $500

Morning Coffee & Afternoon Snack Break (Education) Company logo on signage.

Marketplace Tote Bags Company branded bags for Marketplace attendees.

Education Keynote Lunch (Tuesday & Wednesday) Company logo on signage and tabletops. Keynote speaker introduction.

Benefits outlined on previous page plus one of the following: Ice Company logo on signage at Marketplace ice machine.

Morning Coffee & Afternoon Snack Break (Marketplace) Company logo on signage.

Marketplace South Lounge Company logo on signage.

Marketplace Lunch (Thursday & Friday) Company logo on signage.

Women in the Green Industry Meeting Company logo on signage.

Cornhole Competition (limit 4) Company logo on signage at President’s Reception.

CPP Breakfast Company logo on signage.

NCNLA Annual Meeting (Reserved for Annual Sponsors only) Company logo on signage.

Student Volunteer Break Room Company logo on signage at Education and Marketplace.

Speaker Green Room Company logo on signage.

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Event Pens Company branded amenity for Education attendees.

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Education Notepads Company branded amenity for Education attendees.

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Event Volunteer Tees Company logo on volunteer T-shirts.

Marketplace Show Map Company logo on the show floor make and plant material displayed at entrance of Marketplace.

Marketplace Demonstration Area (2 available) Company provided demonstrations, logo on signage and promotion at Marketplace.

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Beverage Cups Logo on cups at Education and Marketplace.

SOLD SOLD SOLD SOLD

Education Clipboards Company logo on Education Clipboards

Also Available: Create Your Own Sponsorship (Platinum and Ruby levels only) Contact Wendi Doak at wdoak@ncnla.com to discuss opportunities.

TOTAL AMOUNT DUE: $ CONTAC T INFORMATION Company______________________________________________________ Contact Name ___________________________________________________ Address ______________________________________________________ City_____________________________ State____________ Zip ___________ Phone ____________________________ Fax_________________________ Email (required)__________________________________________________ Website_______________________________________________________ 42 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

Please complete and return to NCNLA. We will send an invoice to the email address listed.

NCNLA, 968 Trinity Road, Raleigh, NC 27607 919-816-9119 | Fax: 919-746-7161 email: wdoak@ncnla.com www.ncnla.com www.greenandgrowin.com

As of 10/21/23

THANK YOU, SPONSORS OF GREEN & GROWIN’ 24.

Ruby

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Gold

Silver

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FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 43

By Rayne Gibson, Horticulture Business Advisor, Green Industry Advocate, Speaker

Making the Most of the

Green & Growin’

Marketplace In the fast-growing green industry, staying ahead of the growth curve is key to success for professionals looking to take their businesses to the next level.

Thankfully, NCNLA offers a unique annual experience where knowledge and inspiration converge: the Green & Growin’ Marketplace trade show.

This gathering is like no other in our field, bringing together enthusiasts, experts and innovators from across the state, the East Coast and beyond, and the highest concentration of green industry professionals from across the Southeast. One of the most effective education and marketing events offered in this industry, Green & Growin’ will be brimming with new ideas for you to take in. But among so many valuable resources, how can you be sure to focus on the information most relevant to you? Let’s explore how to make the most of the Green & Growin’ Marketplace for the benefit of both you and your company.

Setting the Stage for Success

Getting ready for a trade show is a bit like gearing up for an adventure — preparation for the journey helps ensure 44 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

you have the tools needed to overcome the challenges ahead. With an event like Green & Growin’, the biggest challenge lies in organizing all the information and resources that will be available to you.

Start by thoroughly researching the event: its schedule, exhibitors and demonstrations. This step is a lot like studying a map before embarking on a quest.

Next, set your compass with clear objectives. What do you aim to achieve at the event? Whether discovering new plant varieties, catching up on industry trends or forging new connections, having a sense of direction will help keep you focused.

Finally, plan your journey. Create a detailed itinerary that includes the sessions you want to attend, the exhibitors you want to meet and the networking events in which you’ll participate.

Building Bridges at Green & Growin’

Once you’ve arrived at the event itself, it’s time to gather information.

Networking is the bridge that connects you with fellow professionals, so be sure to attend networking events like receptions and dinners.

These gatherings provide the perfect backdrops for relaxed, meaningful conversations.

Thankfully, the digital age has made networking easier than ever. Leverage technology by joining event-specific social media groups or using event hashtags like #GreenandGrowin24 and #NCNLA. Engage in discussions, ask questions and set up meetings while at the show.

And don’t forget to bring your business cards along with you — they’re like the calling cards of the trade show world. Or better yet, consider using digital tools to efficiently exchange contact information via, for example, QR code, iPhone AirDrop or Samsung Quick Share.

Soaking in the Wisdom

While attending the Marketplace, keep an eye out for opportunities to save money, make money and absorb as much valuable information as possible — the savviest of professionals excel at doing all three in one sweep. Imagine you’re gathering seeds for future growth as you collect exhibitors’ brochures, catalogs and samples, which should serve as points of reference later when strategizing back at home base.

Jot down key insights, “aha!” moments and any actionable steps that come to mind as you navigate the exhibitor aisles. These notes will serve as your post-event study guide, so take some time to review them later to make sure you capture all the valuable takeaways.

If your mind works anything like mine, it will be flooded with exciting new ideas and opportunities.

To elevate your ability to recall this information, consider using a digital voice recorder. Many apps even offer digital transcription services that can be saved directly to computer files.

Sustaining Relationships

The true power of Green & Growin’ lies in the connections you make and the knowledge you acquire, and those benefits should continue to blossom well after the trade show curtains close.

Transform the knowledge you’ve acquired into tangible results by staying connected with your new contacts.

Social media, emails and even oldfashioned phone calls can help keep those connections alive. Nurture these relationships like you would a garden, and watch them flourish over time.

The insights, connections and experiences you gather at Green & Growin’ will be catalysts for your growth in the green industry. Keep these relationships thriving and turn your newfound knowledge into practical plans for the months and years ahead. Green & Growin’ can be an invaluable starting point for future success, so be sure to make every moment on that show floor count!

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 45

You are invited to the Green & Growin’ 24

Annual President’s Reception & CORNHOLE TOURNAMENT

Thursday, January 18, 2024, 8:00 - 11:00PM Sheraton Greensboro at Four Seasons — Victoria Ballroom

Eat, Drink & Mingle

Sponsored by:

Cash bar and desserts provided.

Renew Your CPP Designation Today

and Receive a Padfolio and Lapel Pin! Continuing Education requirements are waived for the first renewal. Your renewal will go towards the growth of the CPP Program to expand program offerings, communicate the importance of the designation to consumers and market the program to interested participants. www.ncnla.com/CPP 46 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

RESEARCH

Perfecto ® Mundo Azaleas:

New, ProblemSolving Evergreen Azaleas from Western North Carolina

By Irene Palmer, Research Specialist, Mountain Crop Improvement Lab, Mills River, NC

E

vergreen azaleas have entranced and delighted gardeners across the globe for centuries. Native to Japan, China and Taiwan, these plants have a long history of human selection and improvement. European hybridizers began exploring evergreen azaleas in the late 1860s, building on an extensive 400-year cultivation history in Japan and China. Throughout this long period, hybridizers endeavored to uncover new traits, stack existing ones and watch for unique sports. Today, breeders leverage large-scale population development and selection to find those few exceptional plants capable of high performance in both the landscape and the crucible of large production systems. »

Perfecto Mundo Epic Carpet® FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 47

RESEARCH However, the Perfecto Mundo® story did not begin with the goal of creating a new line of problem-solving evergreen azaleas. Instead, it started with a question that has intrigued azalea breeders for generations: Is there a feasible pathway to developing attractive hybrids between deciduous and evergreen azaleas to combine evergreen foliage with fragrance and novel flower colors? The Mountain Crop Improvement Lab (MCIL), led by Dr. Tom Ranney, began to take an interest in this pursuit in the early 2000s. As is usually the case, this foundational question led to many others, including questions surrounding the mode of inheritance of flower color, whether seedlessness extended bloom time and what beneficial traits existed in lesser-known evergreen azalea species.

To answer these questions, Dr. Ranney and his team began accumulating evergreen azalea species and cultivars and developing

Irene Palmer collecting pollen for azalea crosses

Irene preparing a yellow deciduous azalea hybrid for pollinations

48 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

new breeding lines, with the hope of developing elusive evergreen-deciduous azalea hybrids.

Located in Mills River in the mountains of western North Carolina, the team soon noticed that cold hardiness was a significant issue for many popular evergreen azalea introductions — especially those developed in the Deep South. Working to combine cold hardiness (e.g., Rhododendron yedoense var. poukanense, R. kaempferi, and Girard hybrids) with reblooming (e.g., R. oldhamii and mucronatum), double flowers (e.g., ‘Rosebud’ and ‘Sky Hill Pose’), dark foliage color (e.g., ‘Maruschka’) and compact habits (e.g., ‘Cherry Drops’ and R. nakaharae), evergreen azalea breeding at the MCIL grew into a significant breeding project in its own right. Since MCIL researchers specialize in the development of noninvasive nursery crops, we were able to use some of the same breeding steps associated with the generation of seedless cultivars to create unique populations. In particular, the breeding team was able to leverage the gigas effect (a beneficial effect associated with plants having more than the typical number of chromosomes — i.e., polyploids) to produce populations with large, long-lasting flowers.

After a decade of population development, selections, field evaluations and thousands of discarded seedlings, 150 top selections made their way up to Spring Meadow Nursery for in-depth, replicated container trials beginning in 2016. The Spring Meadow Nursery research and development team performed the arduous work of weekly assessments of top commercial and internal controls and MCIL top selections to track critical components of container performance, including bloom time and duration, flower color and size,

plant habit, disease/pest incidence, and container presence.

Ultimately, the Perfecto Mundo series boasts some of the longest spring blooms of any evergreen azalea line on the market, as well as strong reblooming in the fall. Plants were selected for their high floral coverage and dense habits in containers and the Perfecto Mundo® Double White landscape. They are reliably hardy to USDA Zone 6b (possibly colder) and, in field trials in Mills River, survived winter temperatures as low as 0°F. Members of the Epic™ series include selections with exceptionally large, deeply saturated flowers, while plants in the Carpet™ line boast large flowers on a ground-cover habit. New flower forms and colors are added yearly, as more elite selections make their way through rigorous field and container trials.

As a research specialist and plant breeder at the MCIL, I have the great fortune (and challenge!) of continuing this work, as well as leading breeding efforts in Hydrangea, flowering quince and Camellia. And yes, we continue to chase the dream of evergreen-deciduous hybrid azaleas. As Dr. Ranney often says, “The best is yet Perfecto Mundo® Orange to come!”

Alumni & Friends Reception January 17, 2024 4:30 p.m. – 6:00 p.m.

Sheraton Four Seasons Biltmore Room Join us to connect with new CALS Dean Fox and alumni and faculty at the 2024 Green & Growin’ Show.

Exciting Program Updates Cash Bar and Snacks Win Door Prizes!

Pre-register to Save Your Spot! go.ncsu.edu/hort2024

Grown with love…sold with pride.

Past, present & future varieties.

• Cold Hardy Zone 6 • Cold Tolerant Zone 7 • New Hybrids Zone 8 & 9 • Liners and 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 & 20 Gallons Available • Wholesale Only

805 Oakbury Court • Greensboro, NC 27455 phone: 336·643·3727 or 800·758·8121 fax: 336·643·0840 • www.camtoocamellia.com email: camtoo@earthlink.net One of the world’s largest camellia nurseries.

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES 49

RESEARCH

Keep Your

Anthony LeBude Associate Professor, Nursery Crops Extension, NC State University

Nutrients

Anelle Ammons Program Manager – Duke Energy Carolinas TVM Regional Program James S. Owen Jr. PhD Research Horticulturist, USDA-ARS Application Technology Research Unit

in Your Plants!

With fertilizer costs contributing a significant amount

to overhead, an important goal of growers is to ensure that as much of the applied fertilizer ends up in their crop, getting them the most “bloom for their buck.” As well, the nursery industry is under increasing pressure to reduce environmental impacts from fertilizer use, with a continued focus toward nutrient runoff from containers via irrigation water. When these nutrients flow out of the nursery, after all, growers both see their dollars go down the drain and add to pollution issues in their surrounding communities. To be both economically sustainable and friendly to the environment, nurseries need to take steps to reduce runoff.

One important component of reducing runoff is keeping more water in containers, so it is actually utilized for growth.

Factors such as the amount of irrigation, the amount of fertilizer, the placement of fertilizer and the type of potting mix all play roles in how plants access the nutrients present in containers. Learning how all these factors interact can offer insights into how to keep nutrients in containers, maximize plant growth and reduce pollution runoff.

Researchers at the North Carolina State University Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center in Mills River, NC, potted Screaming Neon Red™ roses and Endless Summer® Bloomstruck® hydrangeas from Bailey Nurseries Inc. of Yamhill, OR, into Nursery Supplies trade #2 containers (C900) filled with either Aeration+ Potting Mix (AS40) or All-purpose Potting Mix (PM2) from Pacific Organics in Henderson, NC. AS40 provides 5% more air space, making it drier than PM2, which holds 7% more water by volume

(Table 1). The high rate (45g) of Harrell’s 18-4-8, 8-9 month controlled release fertilizer was top dressed, incorporated, or the medium rate (34g) (25% less than the high rate) was placed in the top half of the container to reduce leaching and maintain similar quality growth using fewer nutrients (Figure 1). Plants were irrigated overhead with two different low rates of water daily, resulting in plants that were grown dry in two diverse mixes, with different nutrient placements to slow leaching.

After 18 weeks, plants grown in the PM2 substrate were larger than those grown in AS40, regardless of irrigation rate or fertilizer placement (Table 2 and Figure 2), most likely due to the PM2’s finer texture and greater water-holding capacity. More water held by the potting mix meant more nutrients were available to the roots for a longer time between irrigation, and more available fertilizer usually results in more plant. Hydrangea plants grown with 25% less of the standard rate of fertilizer in the top half of the container were unsalable; however, rose plants were still salable if you “squinted,” since growth was only reduced by 14%, compared to the control (Figure 2). Reducing nutrients too much meant less growth in such relatively dry substrates. Recent research utilizing varied mixes in the same container, where fine mix was placed atop coarse mix, yielded shrub roses of comparable size with a 25% reduction in controlled-release fertilizer, regardless of irritation rate (https://www.mdpi.com/1197842).

Future research may use engineered mixes with optimized water-holding capacity to further determine whether reduced fertilizer rates or irrigation volumes provide economic and/or environmental benefits.

Table 1. Physical properties of two substrates.

Substrate

Porosity

Container Capacity

Airspace

Bulk Density (g/cc)

AS40

79%

39%

40%

0.19

PM2

81%

46%

35%

0.18

z

Aeration+ Potting Mix (AS40) and All-purpose Potting Mix (PM2) from Pacific Organics in Henderson, NC.

z

50 NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES || FALL 2023

Figure 1. Fertilizer rate and placement in trade #2 containers.

Table 2. Electrical conductivity and dry weight of rose and hydrangea grown in two substrates.

Substrate

Rose ’BAIneon’

Hydrangea macrophylla ’PIIHM-II’

ECy (mS/cm)

Dry weight (g)

EC (mS/cm)

Dry weight (g)

AS40

x

0.59a

91.0a

0.51a

86.4a

PM2

0.90b

98.3b

0.70b

101.9b

z

Aeration+ Potting Mix (AS40) and All-purpose Potting Mix (PM2) from Pacific Organics in Henderson, NC. y EC is electrical conductivity measured 4, 8, 12 and 18 weeks after potting, averaged over two irrigation levels and three fertilizer placement treatments and four replications (n=24). x Means followed by different letter are significantly different (P<0.05) using Tukey’s HSD. z

FALL 2023 || NURSERY & LANDSCAPE NOTES

51

RESEARCH Figure 2. Growth of rose (top) and hydrangea (bottom) in two different substrates with specified fertilizer rate and placement treatments.

Future Insights

By changing to a finer-textured potting mix like PM2, or to one with even less airspace and more water-holding capacity, growers can maximize their fertilizer investment when they wet their plants by keeping nutrients in the plants and out of the ecosystem. More information on this study can be found in a Journal of Environmental Horticulture article, “Effect of Irrigation, Fertilizer Rate and Placement, and Two Substrates on Growth of Rose and Hydrangea” (https://meridian.allenpress.com/ jeh/article/40/3/123/487303/ Effect-of-Irrigation-FertilizerRate-and-Placement).

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AD INDEX Aspire..................................................................................................................... 23 Agri Supply........................................................................................................... 52 BioSafe Systems................................................................................................ 29 Bobcat..................................................................................................................... 4 CAM Too Camellia Nursery............................................................................. 49 Caterpillar............................................................................. Inside Back Cover Certified Plant Professional...........................................................................46 Davis Insurance Agency.................................................................................. 10 Gossett’s Nursery...............................................................................................19 Gra-Mac Irrigation................................................................................................7 Green & Growin’ 24 CPP Breakfast.............................................................. 30 Green & Growin’ 24 President’s Reception..............................................46 Horizon...................................................................................................................17 Jake A. Parrot Insurance.....................................................................................7 JoCoPlants............................................................................................................ 25 Kirk Davis Nursery............................................................................................. 30 MANTS 2024......................................................................................................... 25 NC State University........................................................................................... 49 Old Courthouse Nursery..................................................................................21 Pender Nursery.................................................................................Back Cover Plantworks Nursery.......................................................................................... 30 Proven Winners.....................................................................................................2 SiteOne...................................................................................................................11 Triangle Turf........................................................................ Inside Front Cover Vermeer All Roads.............................................................................................13

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The credit of up to $500 USD for CVA purchase can only be applied toward the purchase of a qualifying Cat Customer Value Agreement (CVA). Purchases (both machine and CVA) and machine delivery must occur by December 31, 2023. Offer subject to machine availability and credit approval by Cat Financial. Not all customers will qualify. Amount of the CVA credit cannot exceed the price of the qualifying CVA. CVA must be at least 2yr/1000hr and must include 1-year Preventative Maintenance Parts Kit, TA1 annual Inspection, signed CVA contract, and Product Link™.

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