Internal & External Pressures

By Senior Chief Aircrew Survival Equipmentman William Morgan

The Federal Aviation Administration has determined 12 human factors can result in an accident if not properly managed. They refer to these 12 common causes of human factor errors as the “Dirty Dozen.” One of the 12 human factors the FAA trains maintainers to is pressure.

Merriam-Webster defines pressure as the burden of physical or mental distress as it pertains to the constraints of circumstances. In naval aviation, pressure is a part of our everyday lives, and if managed, it can energize and motivate one to perform. On the other hand, too much pressure can tip the scales and produce negative results. The consequences of too much pressure can lead to other Dirty Dozen human factor errors if not controlled.

In the scope of aviation maintenance, multiple responsibilities are tasked daily. This responsibility can leave one feeling overburdened by the perceived expectations of others and wondering where to begin. The trick to managing pressure is to find the optimal place between having too much or too little, enabling the pressure to work for you and not against you.

To manage pressure, we must first understand it. There are two types of pressure: internal and external. Internal pressures originate from worrying about one’s ability to meet others’ expectations or pushing oneself too hard. External pressures stem from the circumstances or people surrounding the circumstances. For example, a large workload that exceeds one’s capacity would be considered an external pressure. In extreme cases, too much pressure may lead one to take unnecessary risks or use questionable techniques. Another aspect of pressure that can be confusing is not knowing whether the pressure is perceived or actual. This expectation should be clear when tasks are assigned and expectations are communicated; if not, ask for clarity.

As leaders, we must identify the signs and know when the pressure has negative effects, including deteriorating work quality or job dissatisfaction. If excessive pressure is sustained, one may run the risk of burnout. Too much pressure can lead to illness, psychological or emotional issues, and behavioral problems. We mustn’t confuse pressure with stress. As previously mentioned, pressure can be positive, and if controlled, it can motivate one to do great things. However, when pressure builds, a sense of calm is replaced with feeling out of control.

After understanding what pressure is and accepting that it is not only part of aviation maintenance but also a necessity, we can develop the tools to help us thrive under pressure. Living sensibly is a key aspect of coping with pressure. This means exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy diet, ensuring plenty of sleep and moderating alcohol intake. These are the first steps in managing pressure, but they will not alone guarantee that pressure will not have a negative impact. Below are some additional strategies.

• Manage your response. A positive mental attitude goes a long way in managing pressure.

• Stay on top. Try to tackle responsibilities as they arise –they will unlikely go away on their own. Remember that pressure is a positive force when you’re in command.

• Organize yourself and your tasks. An organized and prioritized workload helps to manage it when the pressure starts to build.

• Ask for help. In the Navy and Marine Corps, we are our support network and we should NEVER be afraid to ask for help.

• Put safety first. Do not compromise the integrity of the job to meet a deadline.

It is also important to be aware of the many resources available to help us cope with the numerous pressures we encounter. The Fleet and Family Support Center has a wealth of services designed to help service members achieve their potential.

Managing pressure is essential for Sailors and Marines to stay healthy individually and continue to accomplish the mission as a team. To manage pressures, choose a positive approach with a confident attitude and ask for help if you find yourself or someone else feeling pressured. By doing this, you can avoid excessive pressure that can lead to physical, emotional, psychological and behavioral issues.