Pull Together Winter 2019

Volume 58, No. 1

Winter 2019 Report

Pull Together

N e w s l e t t er of t h e N ava l Hi s t or i c a l F o un d at i on

Honoring World War II Veterans Page 7

Feature Pullout:

Making Naval History Relevant: 3 Case Studies Pages 11-14

HONORING THE LEGACY OF

America’s Navy

Committed to Supporting Our Naval Services CACI has sailed with the U.S. Navy on seas both calm and stormy for 57 years.

Today, our work for the maritime and sea services continues worldwide as part of our support for national security priorities throughout the federal government.

CACI salutes the Navy’s significant achievements and the values of honor, courage, and commitment exemplified by America’s Sailors. We know that success is driven by acting with integrity and honesty and is anchored by a solid foundation of good character.

In his book, Character: The Ultimate Success Factor, CACI Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board Dr. J. Phillip (Jack) London uses examples from history and his experiences as a Naval Academy graduate, naval officer and aviator, and national business leader to highlight the key role of good character in personal and professional success.

A Fortune World’s Most Admired Company

www.caci.com

Ideas That Inspire. Technologies That Matter. Ever Vigilant. ©CACI 2019 · A437_1902

Dr. J. Phillip London Captain, USN (Ret.); Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board, CACI International Inc

www.jphilliplondon.com All royalties from the sale of this book benefit disabled veterans.

Table of Contents 4 5 6 7 9

Superintendent Leadership Award Dinner Announcement / Letter to the Editor Chairman’s Message

By Adm. William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

The Director’s Cut: Operation Galvanic: The Invasion of Tarawa and Makin Islands

By Rear Adm. Samuel J. Cox, USN (Ret.)

World War II Veterans Honored at LCS Dinner

By Christopher M. Lehman

Symposium Recap: In Country – The War in Vietnam 1968

11 Feature Pullout: Making Naval History Relevant: Three Case Studies

By David F. Winkler, Ph.D.

15 News from the Deckplate

- NHF Collaborates on Torpedo Factory Anniversary - USNA Class of 57 Chair of Naval Heritage Announced - Battleship Iowa to Host Surface Navy Museum - NHHC Publishes New Study on Indianapolis

17 Feature Book Review: Top Gun

Reviewed by Dr. Fred Allison, Marine Corps History Division

19 Upcoming Conferences, Symposia / NHF Seeks Knox Medal Nominations

The Naval Historical Foundation

preserves and honors the legacy of those who came before us while inspiring the generations who will follow. We focus on

educating and creating global public interest about the importance of our rich naval history and linking it to

20 Not Sitting on Laurels! Recent Scholarship

today’s challenges and

21 Thank You Donors!

23 Exclusive NHF Tour: Ships of the Royal

maritime domain.

from Knox Medal Recipients

Navy, 1509–2019

COVER PHOTO: Signalman Third Class Gilbert Nadeau – veteran of LCS (L)(3) 45. Naval Historical Foundation

opportunities in the

www.navyhistory.org

Pull Together • Winter 2019

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The U.S. Naval Academy Superintendent’s Annual Leadership and Vision Award: Voices of Maritime History Competition Dinner at the National Museum of the U.S. Navy March 26, 2019 The NHF again thanks Dr. J. Phillip London for his support for this event. Those members interested in attending the dinner please contact the office manager Harold Bryant hbryant@navyhistory.org and the executive director ExecDirector@navyhistory.org.

Volume 57, No. 3

Fall 2018 Report

Pull Together

Letter to the Editor

Ne w s l e t t e r of t h e N ava l Hi s t or i c a l F o u n d at i on

In the summer of 2000, I was given an on-board tour of Vasa.

It was fascinating to compare its size and construction with the P S I : Nuclear Energy, Naval Propulsion, ship of my last command and National Security Symposium (“Old Ironsides”). It was at once familiar and different. Looking along the gundeck, one saw a succession of beams and knees, but all of a smaller dimension. The ladders between decks were, literally, just that: two small tree trunks with still smaller “branch” pieces linking them (no “stairways” as in Constitution). And the hold was considerably shallower.

Startlingly, here was located the galley with no apparent chimney and not far removed from what I was informed was the powder magazine! I had to crab walk everywhere down there, both to fit the dimensions and to try to keep the waxy polyethylene glycol off my clothes. The helms-

Historic Ships Focus Page 15

ullout ummary nSIde

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Naval Historical Foundation

man’s station was a small compartment just forward of the cabin. Steering was accomplished with a whipstaff.

The helmsman saw little of the outside, his sole “window” provided by his overhead being constructed slightly above the surrounding deck; he could see only the lowest part of the masts, none of the sails, nor anything outside the ship! The cabin, while dimensionally generous for Vasa, probably was half the size of Constitution’s. Externally, the ship is a riot of detailed carvings, particularly at bow and stern – carvings that in their day were painted a whole palette of colors. What a sight she must have been (and, really, still is)! After leaving the ship, with hands thoroughly “glycolled,” I was shown several spaces wherein were stored a multitude of parts the staff had yet to return to their original positions in the ship. It must be the world’s largest jigsaw puzzle!

It was a very special day.

Cdr. Ty Martin, USN (Ret.) 58th CO, USS Constitution

Chairman’s Message ★★ ★ ★

I

would like to thank the members who took the time to provide positive feedback on the most recent edition of PULL TOGETHER, particularly the “pull-out” center section that outlined the October symposium on nuclear energy and naval propulsion, which NHF co-hosted with the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).

The discussion at that forum sparked introspection on the state of our energy dependence and prompted calls for a follow-on gathering to discuss the important relationship between nuclear energy and national security. Just such an event is being planned for March. Stay tuned.

Once again I thank Dr. John Hamre of CSIS, Ms. Amy Roma of Hogan Lovells, NHF board members Mr. Mike Wallace and Dr. David Rosenberg, and particularly former Senator John Warner for their invaluable efforts in raising visibility of this important issue to national leadership. It provides an excellent case study about how the use and understanding of naval history can influence policy for the greater good of the Navy and the nation.

I am pleased to report that NHF Vice President Marty Bollinger is leading a team of judges who are evaluating entries from U.S. Naval Academy (USNA) Midshipmen who submitted essays for the 2019 USNA Superintendent’s Leadership and Vision Awards. We plan to present these awards, as well as listen to the top submission, at an awards dinner to be held at the Navy Museum on March 26, 2019. This event was a big hit last year, so you won’t want to miss it. Contact NHF now to confirm your attendance and reserve your seats.

We are grateful to NHF Board member Dr. Jack London for his initiative and generosity in spearheading creation of this endeavor. What makes this contest unique among initiatives at the USNA is that the winner is determined not only by written arguments but also by oral presentations and defense of their propositions. This competition recognizes and encourages the importance of mastery of both communication skill sets among our future naval leaders.

Looking ahead, NHF is planning to host our second annual Mess Night at the Navy Museum in June in close association with our June 8 annual meeting. Details to follow. Also, at the annual Members’ Meeting, we will announce the recipients of this year’s Commodore Dudley W. Knox Lifetime Achievement Medals to be formally presented at a banquet concluding this September’s McMullen Naval History Symposium at the USNA. We hope to see you at the June and September events!

Before concluding, I want to acknowledge those who generously responded to our end-of-year appeal.

Your assistance has been recognized herein. Your continuing support enables us to execute the mission of NHF and is essential to our continued existence.

Thank you,

Adm. William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

Stay Connected to the Naval Historical Foundation facebook.com/navalhistoricalfoundation

@USNavyHistory

naval-historical-foundation Pull Together • Winter 2019

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The Director’s Cut: Operation Galvanic: The Invasion of Tarawa and Makin Islands

By Rear Adm. Samuel J. Cox, USN (Ret.), Director, Naval History and Heritage Command

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Naval Historical Foundation

NATIONAL ARCHIVES

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awarded the Navy Cross for his valor n November 24, 1943, a during the attack on Pearl Harbor torpedo from Japanese (although the Secretary of the Navy submarine I-175 struck resisted awarding a medal that auspithe U.S. escort carrier Liscome cious to an African-American and Bay (CVE 65) and detonated her the Navy did so only under intense bomb-stowage magazine. This public and political pressure.) obliterated the after third of the ship - Lt. Cdr. Butch O’Hare, in a massive explosion that showered commander of the Enterprise air the battleship New Mexico (BB 40) group, was shot down and lost in the 1,500 yards away with metal, burning first U.S. attempt to use carrier-borne cloth, and body parts and sprayed fighters at night to intercept Japanese shrapnel up to 5,000 yards away. bombers. At the time of his death, Over 642 crewmen were lost along O’Hare was already a national hero with Liscome Bay, which suffered as the first U.S. naval aviator awarded proportionately the highest number the Medal of Honor in World War of casualties (70 percent) of any U.S. Doris Miller, Mess Attendant Second Class, II for his single-handed defense of aircraft carrier in the war. When USN (1919-1943) Just after being presented the carrier Lexington (CV 2) against these losses are added to the 43 killed with the Navy Cross by Admiral Chester W. eight Japanese bombers in February in the turret explosion on the battleNimitz, on board USS Enterprise (CV 6) 1942. (Chicago O’Hare International ship Mississippi (BB 41), 82 lost in at Pearl Harbor, 27 May 1942. The medal Airport is named in his honor.) the sinking of the submarine Corvina was awarded for heroism on board USS West Although the Japanese proved (SS 226), 63 lost in the sinking of the Virginia (BB 48) during the Pearl Harbor during Operational Galvanic that submarine Sculpin (SS 191), 17 lost Attack, 7 December 1941. they were still capable of inflicting in the torpedo hit on the light carrier painful losses, they were about to get hit by the tsunami of Independence (CVL 22), plus aircrew losses, Operation American industrial might that the deceased commander Galvanic cost the U.S. Navy over 900 killed. Although the in chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku sacrifice of about 1,000 Marines during the bloody capture Yamamoto, had warned Japanese leaders about in vain of Tarawa is rightly venerated by the U.S. Marine Corps, the before the war. The strategic situation at the end of 1943 high cost incurred by the Navy to prevent Japanese countwas vastly different than it was at the end of 1942, when er-attack is much less well known. there were periods when the U.S. Navy was down to one Included in the Navy casualties aboard ship and submaoperational (but damaged) aircraft carrier in the Pacific. rine and in the air were the following: However, between Pearl Harbor and the end of 1943, the - Capt. John P. Cromwell received a posthumous Medal U.S. Navy commissioned seven Essex-class fleet carriers (90 of Honor for choosing to go down with Sculpin, rather aircraft each) and nine Independence-class light carriers (45 than risk giving up under Japanese torture his knowlaircraft each) equipped with the new F6F Hellcat fighter, edge of the impending Tarawa invasion and of Ultra more capable than anything the Japanese had. (By contrast, code-breaking intelligence. the Japanese would complete only one fleet carrier by - Rear Adm. Henry Mullinnix, lost aboard Liscome Bay, mid-1944.) In addition, new U.S. carriers and warships of all had been first in his class at the Naval Academy, an early types were equipped with increasingly advanced technology, pioneer and innovator of naval aviation, and one of the particularly in combat information centers, radar, and youngest officers ever selected to flag rank. anti-aircraft defense, and there was a plethora of new types - Cook Third Class Doris Miller, also lost aboard Liscome of amphibious assault ships and craft and ships for mobile Bay, was one of the most famous heroes in the early days sea-basing and repair. of World War II as the first African-American to be

World War II Veterans Honored at LCS Dinner: Ten Secretaries of the Navy, Naval Historical Foundation, Landing Craft Support Ship Museum Salute World War II Sailors and Historic Ship

By Christopher M. Lehman

“How many Marines made it up the beach because the lethal Japanese guns above them were silenced by these ships… How many sailors survived because a kamikaze never hit their carrier deck… How many children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren are alive today because another pacific war veteran made it home?”

Secretary of the Navy Richard Spencer speaking at the Navy Museum Cold War Gallery, December 4, 2018

J

NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION

ust a few days before Pearl Harbor Day, Secretary of the Navy Richard Spencer, along with ten former Secretaries of the Navy, a former commandant of the Keynote speaker Secretary Richard U.S. Marine Corps, Spencer (right) with predecessor Gordon numerous retired admirals and generals, England prior to his remarks. corporate executives, and Navy supporters, and benefactors from all walks of life assembled at the National Museum of the U.S. Navy in Washington, D.C., to honor Navy veterans who served in the Pacific during World War II and who served on Landing Craft Support (LCS) ships that played a crucial role at Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and other Pacific battles. Six of those Navy veterans were present for the evening, all in their 90s but still strong, steady, and proud of their service to our nation.

The event was sponsored by the Naval Historical Foundation and the Landing Craft Support Museum

The Cold War Gallery “Mess Deck”

Foundation to both honor the Navy veterans and raise funds for the preservation of the historic LCS 102, the last remaining ship of her class. She saw extensive combat in the Pacific in 1944 and 1945 and today serves as a floating naval museum at the former Mare Island Naval Base in Vallejo, California.

Those assembled also joined together to remember another naval hero from World War II, former President of the United States George Bush, who was the youngest naval aviator ever to receive his pilot wings and a hero who flew 58 combat missions in the Pacific War before he had reached his 21st birthday. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and three air medals for heroism.

The commemoration honored six World War II veterans present at the dinner: • Electricians Mate Second Class, Joe Konyndyk served aboard LCS (L) (3) 18 under the command of John F. Lehman, Sr., and saw combat at Okinawa.

• Signalman Third Class, Gilbert Nadeau served in LCS (L) (3) 45 and saw combat in the Philippines and Borneo.

• Yeoman Third Class, Robert Augustad served in LCS (L) (3) 50 and also saw combat duty in the Philippines and Borneo.

• Signalman First Class, Robert Byrnes served aboard LST 625 H and saw duty in the Philippines and Okinawa.

• Lt. J. William Middendorf saw duty with LCS (L) (3) 53 and saw combat duty at Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

Lieutenant Middendorf eventually became the 53’s skipper.

• Senator John Warner saw duty in the Navy during World War II as a Petty Officer.

Continued on next page

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LCS Dinner Honorable J. William Middendorf, with a memorial plaque Opening remarks were given by Adm. William J. and container of sand from the beaches of Okinawa. To Fallon, USN (Ret.), Chairman of the Naval Historical quote from the plaque: Foundation. The keynote speaker was the current Secretary LT Middendorf ’s ship was “in the fight” supporting the of the Navy (#76) The Honorable Richard V. Spencer. Of assault on Iwo Jima in February 1945 and the invasion President Bush, Spencer said that he was, “at his very heart, of Okinawa in April 1945 and was involved in radar a Navy man, whose dedicated service during World War II picket duty defending the American fleet from kamikaze links him forever with Secretary Middendorf and all of the attacks. brave LCS veterans we honor here tonight.”

Secretary Spencer went on to highlight the important In addition to the mission of the small but World War II Sailors powerful Landing Craft honored at the dinner, Support Ships and their Admiral and Pam critical role in the eventual Locklear were also in victory over the Empire of attendance in support of Japan – providing essential the LCS Sailors. (Retired close-in gunfire support to Admiral Sam Locklear is protect Marines and Army the current Chairman of troops going ashore, and the U.S. Naval Academy ferociously defending their Alumni Association sister ships from Japanese & Foundation.) Pam kamikaze suicide planes.

Locklear’s late father, Lt. The secretary ended his The author inviting Ambassador Middendorf to the podium.

William Nichols, was a remarks by thanking the career Navy veteran and “Landing Craft Support a coxswain of a landing Museum Foundation for craft that saw service saving the last LCS ship at Iwo Jima and other in the world and making World War II battles. it a naval museum ship Pam Locklear fondly where future generations spoke of the actions of her will be able to walk the father and his fellow LCS narrow deck of a Landing Sailors saved numerous Craft Support ship, to see Marines, Sailors, and the heavy guns – and to Army soldiers during run their hands along the Front Row: Seated: Left to Right: EM 3 Joseph Konyndyk, NHF numerous World War II cold steel rails of LCS Director Dr. J. Phillip London, Ambassador J. William Middendorf, Pacific theater battles, and 102. I am sure it will give Senator John Warner, SM 3 Gilbert Nadeau, she was honored to be them a renewed perspecBack Row: Secretary John Dalton, Secretary Gordon England, in attendance to support tive on the Pacific War, Secretary Sean O’Keefe, Secretary William Ball, Secretary Richard the actions of these brave and the price of freedom.”

Spencer, Secretary H. Lawrence Garrett, Secretary John Lehman, SM Sailors.

Secretary Spencer 1 Edward G. “Micki” Byrnes Attendees at the was followed by the 61st truly historical gathering Secretary of the Navy overheard one of the World War II veterans observe: “I from 1972 to 1974 and U.S. Senator, the Honorable John hadn’t seen that much brass since I was ordered to polish W. Warner. Closing remarks were given by the 65th Secrethe brightwork on the quarterdeck of my ship.” The “Gala” tary of the Navy, the Honorable John F. Lehman, Jr. marked the first time in our country’s history that so Secretary Spencer, Dr. Christopher Lehman, and all the many former Secretaries of the Navy had gathered in one former Secretaries of the Navy also honored the former location – and they came together to honor and celebrate skipper of LCS (L) (3) 53 and former Secretary of the World War II Sailors and their little ship.

Navy from 1974 to 1977 (and two-time Ambassador), the 8

Naval Historical Foundation

NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION

Continued from page 7

Symposium Recap: In Country – The War in Vietnam

By David F. Winkler, Ph.D., Staff Historian

NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION

F

ollowing the successful “Violent Skies – The Air War in Vietnam” symposium, held at National Defense University in October 2015, the five service foundations again collaborated to assemble a symposium commemorating the service and sacrifice of those who fought in Southeast Asia during the pivotal year of 1968. Thanks to the efforts of the Marine Corps Heritage Foundation, the National Museum of the Marine Corps at Quantico proved to be an outstanding venue for the program held last November 14 and 15. Following an introductory panel with retired senior officers from the hosting foundations on how experience in Vietnam formulated their thinking throughout their careers, the first day’s sessions focused on Marine Corps operations in country, the struggle for Khe Sanh, the evacuation of Kham Duc, and Air Operations. At the conclusion of the day NHF Executive Director Capt. Dale Lumme introduced Sharlene Hawkes, president of Remember My Service, to give closing remarks discussing her company’s efforts to work with state governments to identify Vietnam veterans and provide them with a commemorative cruisebook-type publication. (Remember My Service has been a longstanding partner/supporter of the NHF.) Day two panels had a stronger naval focus, looking at the Tet Offensive and the fight for the Mekong Delta. The opening session, titled “The Tet Offensive and the Mekong Delta,” was moderated by Foundation for Coast Guard History Executive Director Gary Thomas, Eric Villard of

the U.S. Army Center of Military History, John Sherwood of the Naval History and Heritage Command, and Edward Marolda, former Senior Historian of the Navy.

The audience listened to a detailed overview of riverine operations and combined/joint operations during the early months of 1968 as Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces made inroads in the southern portion of the Republic of Vietnam. This was followed by a second air ops panel featuring two pairs of presentations: Former Marine C. Ashby Shoop discussed the introduction of the OV-10 Bronco into combat and Tim Moriarty discussed the aircraft from the perspective of a Marine OV-10 spotter. Retired Capt.

Gordon Peterson then provided an overview of HA(L)-3 operations. Spelled out, HA(L)-3 stood for Helicopter Attack (Light) Squadron THREE, better known as the Sea Wolves. Following Captain Peterson’s overview, retired Capt. Allen E. “Wes” Weseleskey offered a presentation titled “Surviving Ten Days/Nights Under Siege at Vinh Long, during TET ’68.”

The symposium concluded with a thoughtful quartet of presentations from scholars who studied the impact of the conflict on those who served and how the experience in Southeast Asia had long-term consequences in national military strategy to include a better integration of reserve forces to face future contingencies as illustrated in the 1990 Gulf War. The symposium was recorded by Marine Corps University (MCU). A request for the video can be made to MCU Archives at (703) 784 4685.

Pull Together • Winter 2019

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Looking for a Unique Venue for Your Next Special Event?

The National Museum of the United States Navy and Cold War Gallery are available for rent! There are corporate, non-profit, and military rates.

Book Your Event Today!

For information and museum rental rates, contact the Manager of Special Events at (202) 930-5245 or by email at eventrental@navyhistory.org

**Special Offer for NHF Members** Extended for a limited time: Book your event by December 31, 2018 and receive 20% off rental fee

Naval Historical Foundation

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Naval Historical Foundation

Feature Pullout

Winter 2019

Pull Together

N e w s l e t t er of t h e N ava l Hi s t or i c a l F o un d at i on

Making Naval History Relevant: Three Case Studies

W

By David F. Winkler, Ph.D.

hy should I support the Naval Historical Foundation and its various programs?

What value is there in ships of sail, old naval traditions, and recaps of past battles at sea in a contemporary world consumed with technology and social media? We get asked those questions on occasion, and rather than to resort to the tried-and-true George Santayana “Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it,” we would instead highlight recent recognition bestowed on three of our members, Peter M. Swartz, J. Robert Lunney, and Jay L. Johnson, who each reminded us how the power of naval heritage can make an impact in the present. Pull Together is pleased to offer the circumstances for the recognition of these three gents as case studies on the “value proposition” of naval history!

COURTESY CNA

Peter M. Swartz: Using Naval History to Develop Maritime Strategy At a festive retirement gathering at CNA Corporation (long-known as the Center for Naval Analyses) on February 5 in Arlington, Va., friends and colleagues recognized Peter M. Swartz for his contributions to that organization, the Navy, and the nation.

Swartz had an interest in international affairs dating from his undergraduate studies at Brown University.

In subsequent years he picked up a master’s degree in political science from Columbia University and a master’s degree in international studies

from Johns Hopkins University. Receiving a commission in the U.S. Navy provided ample opportunity to apply his education to ongoing events and develop an appreciation for historical context. During his 26 years of active duty, he had the opportunity to serve two tours in Vietnam as an advisor to Dr. Papadopoulos (left) with Captain Swartz. the South Vietnamese Navy. As a member strategy of the 1980s, serving three of the staff of Vice Adm. Elmo R. successive Chiefs of Naval OperaZumwalt, Jr., a decade later, he played tions and Secretary of the Navy John a leading role in conceptualizing Lehman. After leaving the Pentagon, and drafting the Navy’s maritime

Continued on next page

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Winter 2019

he was Director of Defense Operations for the U.S. Mission to NATO as the Berlin Wall was coming down. Returning to Washington, he concluded his Navy career as the Special Assistant to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Colin Powell during the First Gulf War. Joining CNA in the early 1990s, Swartz earned a reputation as an expert on Navy strategy, policy, and operations and on military history, organization, and culture.

Drawing on historical documents, Swartz published numerous studies examining Navy strategy, the organizational history of the Navy, and the organization of its staff (OPNAV), U.S. Navy international relationships, and U.S. interservice relationships, policies, and doctrine. Going back two centuries, he has analyzed alternative Navy global fleet deployment models, lessons learned from past Navy operations in homeland defense, counter-piracy and irregular warfare, the Navy’s role in the Unified Command Plan, and the relationships between Navy strategy, programming,

and budgeting.

Recently, Swartz worked with the individual most closely associated with the maritime strategy of the 1980s on a recent endeavor to shed light on the critical role naval exercises played in executing that initiative. NHF board member and former Navy Secretary John Lehman, one of the beneficiaries of Swartz’s insights during the 1980s, acknowledged his former assistant’s help in his recent Oceans Ventured: Winning the Cold War at Sea, citing Swartz as “a major strategic thinker and advisor to me and to three CNOs.” Lehman would go on to say that without Swartz’s guidance “this book could not have been written.”

In discussing the research conducted for Lehman and his numerous other projects, the long-time NHF member acknowledged the resources provided by the foundation through its oral histories, publications, and blogposts as providing support for his work.

Others present acknowledged how Swartz’s writing inspired them.

Swartz was particularly touched by an

announcement by the Secretary of the Navy’s historian Dr. Randy Papadopoulos that the German publisher Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft will offer in 2020 a study titled Conceptualizing Maritime & Naval Strategy: Festschrift for Captain Peter M. Swartz, United States Navy, retired. The festschrift, which literally means “writing celebration,” will offer essays from experts from the United States and Europe that reflect on how maritime and naval strategy is conceptualized and how it has been used, arguing that underlying strategic rationales for naval forces and maritime security are gaining momentum and importance. One could hardly think of a better tribute for an individual who has offered so much thoughtful analysis over the years.

As a longstanding activist on behalf of using naval history to inform strategy making and policy decision-making, Peter M. Swartz will be missed in his full-time capacity (though we hope we can still lean on him on occasion for nuggets of historical perspective).

J. Robert Lunney: Using Naval History As a Tool of Diplomacy

his medal in recognition of his efforts on the USS Utah to go below and secure boilers and ensure all fireroom personnel had evacuated their spaces after two Japanese torpedoes had pierced the hull of the former battleship that had been converted to be the Pacific Fleet’s target ship. When flooding capsized the ship, Tomich was trapped inside.

With Croatia having reestablished its independence in the 1990s, Retired Navy Captain (and NHF member) J. Robert “Bob” Lunney took on the cause of locating Tomich’s kin in Croatia and then urging the Navy to make the formal

presentation. Lunney’s appreciation of naval history came not only from reading books but from having lived it during a 43-year career with the Naval Reserve and the New York Naval Militia where he attained the rank of Rear Admiral. Having a father who enlisted in the Navy and served in submarines in World War I, the junior Lunney came of age and joined the Navy during the closing months of World War II. When he arrived at Pearl Harbor en route to the Western Pacific, the devastation wrought by the Japanese attack had been pretty much cleared away except for the pulverized Arizona and

In the aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the nation recognized the heroism of 15 of its Sailors with the presentation of the Medal of Honor. Of the 15, 10 were to be awarded posthumously to the next of kin. Unfortunately, in the case of Chief Watertender Peter Tomich, whose family resided in Nazi-occupied Croatia, no presentation was possible, and the country’s incorporation into Communist Yugoslavia after the war further deterred searches for immediate family. Tomich had earned

Feature Pullout

COURTESY J. ROBERT LUNNEY; NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION

capsized Utah. He recalled: “It was quite an emotional moment for me knowing that my fellow Navy men were entombed in the sunken ships below where I was standing.”

Arriving in Saipan as the Japanese surrendered in Tokyo Bay, Lunney found himself assigned to crew landing craft that landed American forces on the remaining Japanese-held islands in the Pacific to accept their surrender. Leaving active duty, Lunney remained in the Naval Reserve while using his GI Bill and income from serving in the Merchant Marine to attain a B.A. from Alfred University in 1950. With a degree in hand, he signed on to steam on the SS Meredith Victory under Navy charter to support the war effort in Korea.

While he was embarked, Meredith Victory evacuated 14,000 refugees from Hungnam, North Korea, who were fleeing the Chinese Army assault in December 1950 – an effort that would be recorded as the largest humanitarian evacuation in history by a single ship.

Lunney went on to attain a law degree from Cornell and had success as an assistant U.S. Attorney before joining a private law firm and finally

Chief Watertender Peter Tomich

Winter 2019

Premiere Night December 7, 2018: (Left to Right) Croatian Deputy Prime Minister Damir Krsticevic, Lt. Srecko Herzeg, U.S. Ambassador Robert Kohost, J. Robert and Joan Lunney, and Vladimir RDM.

opening his own practice. All along he remained active in the U.S. Naval Reserve and New York Naval Militia and became active in organizations that promoted naval heritage such as the Navy League, the Naval Institute, the Naval Order of the United States, and the Naval Historical Foundation.

Conversing with his colleagues in 1997, he thought it strange that the medal for Tomich had never been presented to the family. How hard could it possibly be to locate a next of kin? Given 20th-century Turkish, Nazi, and Communist control over the former part of the Hapsburg Austrian Empire, it turns out civil records had been difficult to maintain.

Lunney’s salvation proved to be records maintained by the Order of the Friars Minor of Franciscans.

After a nine-year effort to locate relatives and lobby the Navy to make the award, a presentation was made in 2006 during the port call of USS Enterprise at Split, Croatia. Lunney, on hand for the presentation, served as one of the principal speakers. A year later, in recognition of his efforts,

President Stjepan Mesic of Croatia presented Lunney with “The Order of the Croatian Trefoil,” one of that nation’s highest honors, during Mesic’s visit to New York to attend the General Assembly of the United Nations.

Both presentations captured the attention of producers at Croatian Radiotelevision, who decided to produce a documentary about their native hero and his eventual recognition. Heroes Are Never Forgotten – A Peter Tomich Story premiered in Zagreb this past December 7 before an audience that included senior Croatian government and military leaders, cadets from the Croatian Military Academy, and the U.S. ambassador and defense attaché. Once again, Lunney had an opportunity to give remarks, during which he recognized the “shared values and traditions of the USA and Croatia.”

Captain Lunney’s efforts demonstrated how naval history can forge ties between nations. Well done!

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Jay L. Johnson: Using Naval History to Instill Pride In late January the NHF hosted documentary filmmaker Rick Lopes, who desired to use the Cold War Gallery as a backdrop for a biographical interview with former Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jay L. Johnson. The setting was perfect as Johnson, in his post-Navy career role as the CEO of General Dynamics, had authorized a $1 million contribution to assist with the installation of exhibits in the ancillary former David Taylor Model Basin located across from the main Navy Museum building. However, support for the Cold War Gallery represents just one small aspect of Johnson’s appreciation of the importance of naval history. As CNO, Johnson used naval history on several notable occasions to reinforce historical ethos among bluejackets serving this nation.

As with Peter Swartz and Bob Lunney, Jay Johnson was a witness to history, which no doubt affected his appreciation for it. Whereas Swartz had two tours in Vietnam with the brown-water navy, Johnson, a 1968 graduate of the Naval Academy, soared above, flying F-8J Crusaders off the Oriskany. He later transitioned to the F-14 Tomcat and continued to advance in a naval aviation career pipeline that would lead to his deployment as the Commander of the Theodore Roosevelt battle group in 1992. Promoted to Vice Admiral in 1994 to command the Second Fleet, Johnson earned his fourth star when he was selected to be the Vice Chief of Naval Operations in March 1996.

He had been in the job for only eight weeks when the CNO, Admiral Jeremy Boorda, took his own life.

Though Johnson was junior to other serving four-star admirals, President Clinton selected him to fill the vacant

Winter 2019 worth emulating.

Reviewing the U.S. Navy’s glorious history, Johnson zeroed in on the Battle of Midway as having similar significance and thus disseminated a directive to the fleet to commemorate that battle’s anniversary Retired Admiral Jay Johnson during Cold War Gallery every June, with as interview much attention as that given to the Navy’s Birthday conducted every October. In position. Fortunately for Johnson, conjunction with the fleet’s commemhe had several mentors to turn to for orative efforts, Navy support groups guidance. Among those he named agreed to host formal dinners, inviting was the former president of the NHF, veterans of the battle as guests of Adm. James L. Holloway III. honor. In Washington, the NHF has Looking across the Atlantic, participated with a consortium of Johnson had long recognized the other organizations that has made the pride and esteem that the Royal Navy dinner a memorable annual event. took from Nelson’s victory over a Johnson’s tenure as CNO also combined French and Spanish naval coincided with the bicentennial of the fleet in 1805. Trafalgar Night seemed commissioning of the USS Constianother grand British naval tradition tution. Coming out of a major refit, “Old Ironsides” was deemed sturdy enough to sail with her own canvas, and Johnson supported the Constitution commanding officer’s plan to train up crewmembers with the help of the Coast Guard’s tall ship Eagle to stage this majestic event in 1997 in which Johnson proudly took a turn at the helm along with such notables as Walter Cronkite. The cruise not only provided historical groundings for those serving but garnered tremendous media attention and public interest about the Navy and its history.

The Lopes film will premiere at the National Press Club on May 2 in conjunction with the National Maritime Awards Dinner, which will honor Johnson for his efforts to promote naval heritage to inspire those serving and honor those who Constitution under sail in 1997. served.

COURTESY RICK LOPES; NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION

Feature Pullout

From the

DECKPLATE

NHF Collaborates on Torpedo Factory Anniversary

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a requirement for the factory popular landmark given the need for torpedoes in Alexandria, Va., for more than 200 flushthe Torpedo Factory deck destroyers that had Arts Center is home to a been contracted for. With cluster of art studios that these customers entering the transformed the waterfront service in the early 1920s, the area of that city from an factory remained in operaindustrial landscape to a tion for a few years before commercial center that has being placed in reserve as a attracted fine restaurants and munitions stowage facility. shops. Of course, it’s called With the onset of World the Torpedo Factory Arts War II, the plant reopened Center because the hosting and produced Mark III structure was constructed a Turning 100: The Alexandria, Va. Torpedo Factory circa 1942. torpedoes for aircraft and century ago by the U.S. Navy Mark XIV torpedoes for to produce torpedoes for the submarines. Following the end of the war, the building fleet. Ironically, the impetus for the project – World War I became a document stowage facility. In 1974, an arts – ended a day before the plant’s groundbreaking. Speaking consortium pursued the City of Alexandria to acquire the at a gathering at the Torpedo Factory in late 2018 to building for use as an arts center, the largest of this type of celebrate the centennial of that groundbreaking, NHF staff facility in the country. historian Dave Winkler pointed out that the Navy still had

USNA Class of 57 Distinguished Chair of Naval Heritage Announced

COURTESY NHHC; DAVE WINKLER

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he U.S. Naval Academy History Department has extended an invitation to NHF staff historian David F. Winkler to join the Naval Academy’s faculty for the 2019–2020 academic year. The Class of 1957 Distinguished Chair draws historians from other institutions to expose the Midshipmen to a wider variety of scholarship in the field of naval history. Subjects that Dr. Winkler has published extensively on include incidents at sea, Cold War operations, naval operations in the Middle East, the Navy Reserve, World War II in the Pacific, and naval oral history collection methodology.

A picture of Dr. Winkler with younger brother Thomas back when he was an NROTC midshipman at Penn State.

Pull Together • Winter 2019

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Battleship Iowa to Host Surface Navy Museum

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aving grown to become a leading museum and tourist destination in Los Angeles, the Museum Ship Battleship Iowa is embarking on a three-phase plan to transform the historic gunship into a platform that tells the story of the surface navy, hearkening from the age of sail through the introduction of Zumwalt-class destroyers. Following the move of the battleship to the San Pedro public market of the Los Angeles waterfront in 2021, plans call for the conversion of berthing spaces of the second deck to create 20,000 square feet of exhibit space leading to the creation of galleries depicting the surface navy’s combat, humanitarian, diplomatic, and exploration missions.

Ribbon-cutting ceremonies for the onboard exhibits are set for 2023. Long-term plans call for the construction of a companion shore structure to add 20,000 to 50,000

additional square feet of space to open in 2030.

In taking on this mission, the Battleship Iowa fills a need for a museum for the surface warfare community.

Currently, the Naval History and Heritage Command operates a Submarine Force Library and Museum at Groton, Conn., and the National Naval Aviation Museum at Pensacola, Fla. For more details on the project, visit www.surfacenavymuseum.org.

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n the wake of the discovery of the cruiser in the Western Pacific by the late Paul Allen, the Naval History and Heritage Command has published the monograph A GRAVE MISFORTUNE: The USS Indianapolis Tragedy.

Authored by Richard A. Hulver with Peter C. Luebke as associate editor, the monograph covers the history of the cruiser that once hosted President Roosevelt during her earlier years, following her service throughout World War II. Damaged off Okinawa, the cruiser is repaired and rushed back into service with a green crew for a special mission – the delivery of an atomic bomb to Saipan where a modified B-29 stood ready to carry the weapon on a war-ending mission.

Departing from Guam, the cruiser had the misfortune of coming into the path of Japanese Submarine I-58 on July 30, 1945. Of a spread of six torpedoes fired, two made contact on the starboard side forward. One underwater missile hit forward of the number one turret, shearing off the cruiser’s bow, and a second scored beneath the bridge, flooding the forward engine room. Discussing his research

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Naval Historical Foundation

before some 300 attendees of the Surface Navy Association (SNA) Symposium’s Heritage Night program, Hulver argued that the Sailors in the aft engine room, with no contact from the bridge, applied steam to the remaining shaft, not realizing that an open bow was scooping up tons of water that expedited the ship’s demise.

Approximately two-thirds of the crew were able to abandon ship. Unfortunately, their tragic plight due to inattention to the cruiser’s nonarrival is well known. Only about a third of the crew were rescued. Hulver gave a new assessment about the tragic loss of hundreds of Sailors who did survive the sinking.

In contrast to the narrative from Jaws, most who died succumbed not to shark attacks but to the elements. Only after they expired did the sharks move in to feast, leaving the living survivors to press on.

The evening event on January 16 in Arlington, Va., also featured Capt. William Toti, who discussed the court martial of Capt. Charles B. McVay III. McVay and Toti

Continued on page 18

NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION

NHHC Publishes New Study on Indianapolis

Naval History Book Reviews

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he NHF continues to publish our weekly NHBR e-letter as a benefit of membership.

We thank those members who have taken the time to request and review books. Any questions about NHBR can be address to Dr. Dave Winkler at dwinkler@navyhistory.org.

Visit www.navyhistory.org to read the full reviews. Recent postings include:

Top Gun: An American Story

on a high G load wore out airframes. Mild maneuvering was all that was required. The newest fighter, the F-4 Phantom, was built as a long-range interceptor, and the

By Dan Pedersen, USN radar-guided Sparrow missile (AIM-7) was its primary (Ret.), Hachette Books, weapon. It was not equipped with a gun, because there was New York (2019). no need; the days of the dogfight were over.

Reviewed by Fred H. The initial Top Gun, established by Pedersen and Allison, U.S. Marine Corps the Bros in March 1969, was only a detachment, part History Division, February of VF-121, the Navy squadron that taught new pilots 2019 how to fly the F-4. They operated out of a small trailer on the Miramar base. Per the day’s orthodoxy, VF-121’s his is a powerful curriculum did not include dogfighting. Pedersen and insider’s account his Bros wanted to change that and turn the F-4 and its of an important missiles, the Sparrow and Sidewinder, into potent and and uniquely American deadly weapons in an ACM environment. They intensely institution, Top Gun, the studied the flight envelopes of aircraft and missiles to come U.S. Navy Fighter Weapons School. The author, Capt. Dan up with a training curriculum. That was the intellectual Pedersen, USN (Ret.), was the first officer in charge of Top foundation of Top Gun. Gun, establishing it with his hand-selected eight naval Although aerodynamics and physics undergird the aviators and naval flight officers – the “Bros.” curriculum, Top Gun’s philosWhat makes this an ophy was pilot-focused. The Bros American story is that just believed that the “better pilot as with so many successful will always win.” A core tactic American innovations, Top Gun was the “egg” maneuver: using was created by personal initiative the vertical, zoom climbing the and vision, not a bureaucratic Phantom, getting above the government program. It was MiG, converting airspeed to established to meet a need: better altitude. This, along with the air combat training for naval standard Navy “Loose Deuce” aviators before they began flying tactic, was a winning combicombat over North Vietnam. nation. As the enemy turned This would give them the skills to with the wingman, the other deal with enemy fighters and save Phantom could zoom above and, their lives. at the top of the “egg,” rudder In the war’s early years, roll down and into the fight in U.S. fighter pilots were barely position for a shot at the MiG. breaking even against the North The key ingredient was pilot Vietnamese, managing an overall skill, not technology or rank. kill ratio of about 2.5 to 1. Air Top Gun tactics minimized combat maneuvering (ACM), or the standard leader/wingman dogfighting, had been forbidden relationship. Whoever had the in training in the years leading up advantage in a fight took the to Vietnam. Military leaders saw lead, even if he was the junior no need for it. It was dangerous, Captain Pedersen and a Phantom F-4J courtesy the unsafe, and expensive. Slamming Continued on next page publisher.

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Pull Together • Winter 2019

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Book Review Continued from page 17

pilot. This approach inbred aggressiveness, initiative, and versatility – American values.

Pedersen highlights the difference between the Top Gun philosophy of dogfighting and that of the U.S. Air Force. The Air Force’s Fluid Four formation was hierarchical and structured and hung a lot on aircraft performance, not pilot skill. The Air Force’s Major John Boyd was the spokesman for this approach to air warfare.

According to Pedersen, Boyd asserted that Phantoms should not fight MiGs because a MiG will always outperform a Phantom throughout the flight envelope. Top Gun’s success is made clear in the remarkable improvement in the kill ratio of Phantoms over MiGs once Top Gun students entered the war.* Pedersen’s work is fast-paced and engaging. It is much more than a discussion of Top Gun. Pedersen’s goal in writings this book is to tell of the naval aviation community, dispel Hollywood mythology, and describe how Top Gun rescued the great legacy of naval fighter aviation from the technology-worshiping whiz kids at the Pentagon.

Pedersen leverages his own career to put flesh on the story of naval aviation from the 1950s into the 1980s.

Pedersen enlisted in the Navy Reserves in 1954. He went from an enlisted sailor in the reserves to the command of an aircraft carrier. He started off flying F4D Skyrays, then flew F3H Demons, then the F-4 Phantom. He had four carrier cruises, one of which was in Vietnam. He accumulated 6,000 flight hours across 39 types of aircraft and 1,000 carrier landings. Pedersen is much more than a fighter pilot who started Top Gun. He was a leader, a necessary quality to lead in the establishment of an institution like Top Gun. He commanded a squadron, VF-143,

an air wing, an oiler, the USS Wichita (AOR 1), and finally the USS Ranger (CV 61). These command tours were not easy. The Vietnam War’s mismanagement and ultimate loss had cast a pallor over the military. This was manifested in racial violence, drugs, and poor discipline.

Captain Pedersen also speaks of long-suffering families.

They endured the absence of their husband/father on long and frequent deployments involving the hazards of carrier operations and Vietnam combat.

There are hidden gems in the book: the Top Gun and Israeli Air Force connection, an assessment of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, behind the scenes of the movie Top Gun, and his take on the move of the real Top Gun out of Miramar to Fallon, Nev. This is a powerfully insightful look at the unique world of naval fighter aviation and Top Gun from the years when peace reigned in the late 1950s through the 1980s. It is a first-person account, as Pedersen knows first-hand of the sacrifices in one’s personal life that are too often the fallout from a career in naval aviation.

It is an easy straight-forward read, action-filled and authentic. Pedersen is an operator, not an academic, although his story will stand up to academic scrutiny. For the straight scoop on these topics, get the book, read it, and consider yourself enlightened. *One writer notes that the Navy’s kill ratio improved from slightly over 2 to 1 (two MiGs for every U.S. fighter) to 11.5 to 1 in 1972 while the USAF’s stayed essentially the same at a little better than 2 to 1. Major Michael W. Ford, “Air to Air Combat Effectiveness of Single-Role and Multi-Role Fighter Forces,” Thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff, Ft. Leavenworth, KS, 1994, 59.

New Study on Indianapolis Continued from page 16

shared a common bond, each being the tenth and last commanding officers of their respective Indianapolis – in Toti’s case, a nuclear attack submarine. Toti discussed meeting with survivors and feeling their rage about the decision to hold McVay accountable with court martial when many other skippers had lost their ships under similar circumstances without having to confront military justice. Toti stated he would have voted to convict, given that a captain bears ultimate responsibility for command, but that the case should have never gone to trial and 18

Naval Historical Foundation

that it had gone to trial over the objections of the fleet commanders.

Marine Archaeologist Blair Atcheson of NHHC concluded the SNA presentation with underwater footage over the warship. Located on the seabed nearly six miles below the surface, the ship remains remarkably preserved.

The video confirmed much of the narrative that had been passed on from the survivors. To read A Grave Misfortune online, visit www.history.navy.mil.

Upcoming Conferences, Symposia 13–15 March: First World Maritime Heritage Conference, Singapore. https://wcmh2019.com

24–26 April: Council of American Maritime Museums Annual Meeting, Manitowoc, Wisc. https:// councilofamericanmaritimemuseums.org.

2 May: National Maritime Awards Dinner, Washington, D.C. www.seahistory.org

9–12 May: Society for History in the Federal Government Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. www.shfg.org

14–16 May: North American Society for Oceanic History/National Maritime Historical Society Joint Annual Conference, New Bedford, Mass. www.nasoh.org

19–22 May: Society for Military History Annual Meeting, Columbus, Ohio. www.smh-hq.org

4 June: Battle of Midway Dinner, Arlington, VA. www.bomcommemoration.org

8 June: Annual Meeting of the Naval Historical Foundation, Washington, D.C. www.navyhistory.org

8 June: Second Annual NHF Mess Night in conjunction with the 75th anniversary commemoration of the D-Day Landings at Normandy. www.navyhistory.org

24–28 June: 13th Conference on Military Geo-sciences, Padova, Italy. www.icmg19.it

22–25 July: Normandy 75 International Conference, Portsmouth, U.K., http://www2.port.ac.uk/ portsmouth-business-school/conferences-andbusiness-events/normandy-75/

19–20 September: McMullen Naval History Symposium, Annapolis, Md. www.usna.edu/history/ Symposium/

20 September: Commo. Knox Award Dinner, Annapolis, Md. www.navyhistory.org

22–27 October: Naval Order of the U.S. Congress, Boston, Mass. www.navalorder.org

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NHF Seeks Knox Medal Nominations

fter a hiatus in 2018, the NHF intends to use the concluding day of the forthcoming U.S. Naval Academy McMullen Naval History Symposium (September 19–20) to present the NHF’s Commodore Dudley W. Knox Medal for lifetime achievement in the avocation of naval history.

The award offers recognition before peers within the profession for contributions in scholarship, mentorship for others interested in the field, and leadership or strong participation in organizations that promote naval, maritime, and military history. Nomination forms can be found at the NHF website at www.navyhistory.

org. The NHF welcomes letters of endorsement to support a nominee. To have a nominee considered for selection in 2019, ensure that nomination packages arrive to Dr. Winkler (dwinkler@ navyhistory.org) no later than April 30. Selectees will be announced at the 2019 annual meeting of the NHF on June 8.

Previous medal winners include James Bradford, William Still, and Philip Lundeberg (2013); John Hattendorf, William Dudley, Harold Langley, and Craig Symonds (2014); Dean Allard and Thomas Cutler (2015); Christopher McKee (2016); and Edward Marolda, Paul Stillwell, and Jon Sumida (2017).

Pull Together • Winter 2019

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Not Sitting on Laurels!

Recent Scholarship From Knox Medal Recipients

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he NHF continues to take pleasure in receiving new titles from Commodore Dudley W. Knox Medal recipients for its Naval History Book Review program.

Dr. William N. Still, whose magisterial Crisis at Sea: The United States Navy in European Waters in World War I, published in 2006, became the go-to book during the recent centennial of that conflict, has followed that narrative chronologically with the Victory Without Peace: The United States Navy in European Waters, 1919-1924.

Although Still was not the first to write a broad overview of U.S. naval operations in Europe during the Great War, this volume, along with his earlier American Sea Power in the Old World, covers American naval operations across the Atlantic during eras that have been overlooked by earlier historians. In this new well-researched volume (a third of the book is citations!), Still reminds us that after the victory parades and celebration, naval missions continued to protect American citizens and property, provide stability and humanitarian relief, and show the flag – all at a time when Congress was throttling back on funding to support sustaining the fleet.

Whereas Still’s scholarship focus has been on naval operations in European waters during the latter half of the 19th century into the 20th, Christopher McKee has long championed the deckplate perspective during the 19th century, and his latest book uses a unique naval institution as a prism to chronicle the lives of 541 enlisted bluejackets who served with the antebellum navy. Ungentle Goodnights: Life in a Home for Elderly and Disabled Naval Sailors and Marines and the Perilous Seafaring Careers That Brought Them There mines the records documenting those who took refuge at the U.S. Naval Asylum in Philadelphia. Many 19th-century Sailors who left written accounts of their experiences typically glossed over the blemishes.

In contrast, the Naval Asylum’s records provide more realistic portrayals of individuals – some of whom had issues with authority.

Whereas Still and McKee provided interesting insights into two eras of noncombat, U.S. naval operations in wartime continue to receive excellent treatment from such 20

Naval Historical Foundation

Knox Medal recipients as Drs. Craig Symonds and Edward J. Marolda. In his Naval History Book Review critique of Symonds’ World War II at Sea: A Global History, fellow Knox Medal recipient Dr. Kenneth Hagan noted that Symonds sought to address a massive gap in World War II historiography in that “no single volume evaluates the impact of the sea services from all nations on the overall trajectory and even the outcome of the war.” [xi] Hagan wrote on: “A dutiful critic hoping to be dispassionate cannot help but observe that in many ways this book is a triumphal ode to the U.S. Navy and America’s industrial majesty. . . . [As Symonds explained,] [t]he single greatest contributor to the maritime success . . . [was] the ability of Allied – and especially American – shipyards and shipyard workers to build transports and warships of every type faster than the Axis could sink them.’” Finishing his assessment, Hagan concluded: “At 770 pages the volume is thick, but it is not dense. . . . It belongs on the nightstand (reinforced for weight) of every student of history’s most encompassing and destructive man-made cataclysm. . . . He has created a new standard of comprehensive, literate scholarship for that war.”

For Combat at Close Quarters: An Illustrated History of the U.S. Navy in the Vietnam War, Marolda packaged together the work of five authors who were commissioned by the Naval Historical Foundation to write treatises on various aspects of that conflict in Southeast Asia. Following a foreword written by Admiral Fallon, the opening section – coauthored by the editor and Norman Polmar – covers the air war, specifically the three-year Rolling Thunder campaign that was inaugurated in March 1965. Marolda also coauthored with R. Blake Dunnavent the second section titled “Green Hell – Warfare on the Rivers and Canals of Vietnam.” The section “Nixon’s Trident – Naval Power in Southeast Asia, 1968–72” is the sole work of Dr. John Sherwood of the Naval History and Heritage Command.

For the concluding section, “Knowing the Enemy – Naval Intelligence in Southwest Asia,” Marolda again added narrative in partnership with Richard A. Mobley.

Naval Historical Foundation

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RADM Bret J. Muilenburg, CEC, USN (Ret.) Continued on next page

Pull Together • Winter 2019

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Thank You to Our Donors!

Continued from page 21 VADM John T. Parker Jr., USN (Ret.) ADM Richard W. Mies, USN (Ret.) Dr. John V. Scholes

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The Naval Historical Foundation Thanks the Landing Craft Support Museum for a Wonderful Dinner and Support to Boost NHF Membership! Bravo Zulu!

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Naval Historical Foundation

Exclusive NHF Tour: Ships of the Royal Navy, 1509–2019 Join Us for a Unique Naval Historical Foundation Touring Opportunity With Acclaimed British Naval Historian Brian Lavery

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roposed itinerary for August 25 through September 2019, conducted by Brian Lavery, Curator Emeritus at the National Maritime Museum, author of many books including Ship of the Line, Nelson’s Navy, Empire of the Seas, and Churchill’s Navy, as well as books on HM Ships Victory and Belfast and the Great Britain and Cutty Sark.

Sunday, August 25: Meet at Heathrow or elsewhere by arrangement, coach to Portsmouth. Stopover at Fort Nelson for view of Portsmouth Harbour and museum of ordnance. Check in at hotel, Portsmouth. Trip to Spinnaker Tower for an even better view of Portsmouth.

Monday, August 26: Tour of first-rate ship-of-the-line HMS Victory (1765), on board which Nelson died. Visit the ironclad warship HMS Warrior (1861). Potential follow-on visits to other sites, including Royal Naval Museum, armament museum at Priddy’s Hard, D-Day Museum, and Royal Marines Museum. Dinner in the Still & West Inn overlooking the harbor mouth Tuesday, August 27: Sailing warship Mary Rose (1509) with Chris Dobbs, one of the original divers from the 1982 excavation. View of World War I monitor M33, World War II coastal craft, then over to the Submarine Museum to see Holland No 1 (1900) and HMS Alliance (1945).

Wednesday, August 28: Barge trip round Portsmouth Harbour, passing modern warships such as the type 45 destroyers and the new aircraft carrier Queen Elizabeth 2, then to rural shipbuilding site at Buckler’s Hard where Nelson’s Agamemnon was built (dependent on tides).

Coach to London, check in at hotel.

Thursday, August 29: National Maritime Museum, Old Royal Observatory. Boat trip to London to see sloop HMS Wellington (1934) and cruiser HMS Belfast (1938).

Friday, August 30: Chatham Historic Dockyard to see steam and sailing sloop Gannet (1878), destroyer Cavalier (1944), midget submarine XE8 and submarine Ocelot (1962), plus visit to ship model store, demonstrations of rope-making, etc.

Saturday, August 31: Imperial War Museum plus visits to other sites as requested. St. Paul’s Cathedral to see naval tombs, including Nelson’s. Final dinner overlooking the River Thames at Greenwich.

Sunday, September 1: Hotel checkout. Visit to Cutty Sark if time permits. Travel to Heathrow or elsewhere.

Tour Opportunity Details:

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include all meals including drinks (within reason) as

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is restricted to 12 attendees, NHF requests a deposit

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Pull Together • Winter 2019

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Pull Together is published by the Naval Historical Foundation.

EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman: Admiral William J. “ox” Fallon, USN (Ret.) President: Rear Admiral A. N. “Bud” Langston, III, USN (Ret.) Executive Director: Rear Admiral Sonny Masso, USN (Ret.) Historian / Editor: Dr. David Winkler Designer: Marlece Lusk Copy Editor: Catherine S. Malo

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Naval Historical Foundation

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Naval Historical Foundation, P.O. Box 15304, Washington DC, 20003 If you desire to become a member or donate via credit card, visit us online at www.navyhistory.org.

The Naval Historical Foundation is an IRS-approved 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. incorporated in Washington D.C. with a mission to preserve & promote naval history.

Address submissions and correspondence to Executive Editor, Pull Together, c/o NHF, P.O. Box 15304, Washington, DC 20003. Phone: (202) 678-4333.

E-mail: info@navyhistory.org. Subscription is a benefit of membership in the Naval Historical Foundation. Advertisement inquiries for future issues and digital content are welcomed. Opinions expressed in Pull Together are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Naval Historical Foundation. © 2019