Pull Together Summer 2018 Vol 57, No. 2

Volume 57, No. 2

Summer 2018 Report

Pull Together

N e w s l e t t er of t h e N ava l Hi s t or i c a l F o un d at i on

SAVE THE DATE: OCTOBER 2, 2018

Atomic Power Near Critical

The Precarious Nuclear Infrastructure and the Future of the Nuclear Navy Page 4

Table of Contents 4 5

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Atomic Power Near Critical Chairman’s Message

By Adm. William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

The Director’s Cut: Rolling Thunder – A Short Overview

By Rear Adm. Samuel J. Cox, USN (Ret.)

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Fleet Leadership Seminar and Roundtable

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In Country: Vietnam 1968 Symposium Announcement

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Five-Star Mess Night Recap

The Naval Historical Foundation

preserves and honors the legacy of those

New Teachers of Distinction Award

who came before us

NHF Historian Addresses International Forum

while inspiring the

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NHF Intern Creates Model Ship Tour

follow. We focus on

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Historic Documents and Geisha Doll Transferred

global public interest

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NAVDOCS Progress Report; Trip to UK a Go!; Volunteer of the Year

of our rich naval

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International Journal of Naval History Update

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By Matthew Eng

NHF Capt. Edward L. Beach Jr. Naval/ Military History Award Book Reviews Annual Report

generations who will educating and creating about the importance history and linking it to today’s challenges and opportunities in the maritime domain. www.navyhistory.org

COVER PHOTO: Enterprise pioneered the use of nuclear propulsion in aircraft carriers. Photo courtesy NHHC. Pull Together • Summer 2018

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Atomic Power Near Critical: The Precarious Nuclear Infrastructure and the Future of the Nuclear Navy

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ith the 70th anniversary of the founding of Naval Reactors under then-Captain H. G. Rickover coming in February 2019, the Naval Historical Foundation is organizing a half day symposium on October 2, 2018 at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC, that will focus on the game-changing role nuclear propulsion plays in undersea and naval aviation operations and the critical role the civilian nuclear power industry and America’s academic institutions have served to enable a viable nuclear industrial base and educational infrastructure – “a nuclear ecosystem.” These symbiotic relationships were fostered by Admiral Rickover who served not only as the Director, Naval Reactors for 33 years but also as head of the Division of Reactor Development of the Atomic Energy Commission and was one of

the nation’s leading advocates for strong science and math-based educational curriculums. The symposium will provide a historical overview of these relationships, look at challenges that threaten the viability the nuclear support infrastructure and propose ways forward so sustain this important capability.

Visit www.navyhistory.org for registration information.

CORRECTION TO LAST EDITION: We apologize for failing to acknowledge Nick Kuriger in our donor recognition page. Nick, a former Boatswain’s Mate, once handled IT for the NHF as a volunteer before moving away from the national capital region. Nick makes a quarterly payroll deduction donation for which we are most appreciative.

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Naval Historical Foundation

Chairman’s Message ★★ ★ ★

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or those members who made it to our Naval Historical Foundation (NHF) 92nd Annual Meeting, we thank you for your continuing interest and your support for the Foundation. For those of you who did not attend, members confirmed the election of two new members to our board of directors: naval historian Kate Epstein and former Secretary of the Navy, The Honorable John F. Lehman, Jr. Dr. Epstein is the author of Torpedo: Inventing the Military-Industrial Complex in the United States and Great Britain (Harvard University Press, 2014) and teaches at Rutgers University. Dr. Lehman just published Oceans Ventured: Winning the Cold War at Sea (Norton, 2018).

Welcome aboard, Kate and John!

I also shared the news that our former executive director, Clair Sassin, accepted an opportunity to lead a new naval heritage enterprise—the Tall Ship Providence Foundation.

We wish “fair winds and following seas” to Clair.

Our NHF board corporate secretary for the past two years, retired Navy Captain Dale “Kid” Lumme, has taken the reins as executive director. Captain Lumme has worked as a senior government relations executive in corporate and nonprofit sectors and will maintain a steady hand on the helm. He previously served on our NHF board of directors from 2010 to 2013, when he was the executive director of the Navy League of the United States.

As previewed in the last Pull Together, the two events associated with the 75th anniversary of the creation of the rank of fleet admiral were successfully executed with great aplomb for speakers, panel members, and participants.

Kudos to our historian Dr. Dave Winkler, who coordinated the Fleet Admiral History Seminar on May 16, NHF board member Dr. Dave Rosenburg who chaired the panel, and our amazing group of NHF volunteers led

by the NHF Volunteer of the Year for 2017–2018, Mrs. Lynn Neagley, who collaborated on both the seminar and the May 19th Five-Star Mess Night held at the National Museum of the United States Navy.

Dr. Winkler represented the NHF at the annual Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe at their June 2018 meeting in Vienna, Austria, where he presented a keynote address providing historical perspective on maritime confidence-building measures for the 57-nation body.

Summertime provides an opportunity to relax and read some great naval history books. We have a good number available for review. If you have recently authored, read, or published a good naval history book, send us the information, and we will spotlight it.

This fall we pick up the pace with several interesting events, including a professional symposium, networking receptions, and a joint Navy Nuclear Power Symposium co-hosted with the Center for Strategic and International Studies on October 2, 2018.

In early November 2018, NHF members will visit the Royal Navy and Royal Maritime Museums in the United Kingdom and participate in a major World War I conference. On November 14–15, 2018, NHF is supporting a symposium at Marine Corps University entitled “In Country: The War in Vietnam – 1968.”

Your recommendations on preserving and honoring the legacy of those who came before us and suggestions of how to educate and inspire the generations who follow are always welcome!

Sincerely,

Admiral William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

Stay Connected to the Naval Historical Foundation facebook.com/navalhistoricalfoundation

@USNavyHistory

naval-historical-foundation Pull Together • Summer 2018

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The Director’s Cut: Rolling Thunder—A Short Overview

By Rear Adm. Samuel J. Cox, USN (Ret.), Director, Naval History and Heritage Command

A Navy A-4 Skyhawk diving on an enemy target

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Naval Historical Foundation

The Rolling Thunder campaign had five distinct phases.

In Phase I (March–June 1965), a variety of targets, including ammunition depots, radar sites, and barracks, were hit in an attempt to persuade North Vietnam to come to the negotiating table. It accomplished little other than hardening the resolve of the Communist regime and spurring the creation of one of the world’s most sophisticated air defense networks.

Phase II ( July 1965–January 1966) targeted roads, bridges, boats, and railroads.

Phase III ( January–October 1966) focused on POL resources.

Phase IV (October 1966–May 1967) shifted the campaign to industrial facilities and power-generating plants. Significantly, in Phase IV, U.S. warplanes struck targets in Hanoi for the first time, but these more aggressive tactics did not have much impact on the North Vietnamese leadership or its forces

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n March 2, 1965, Operation Rolling Thunder missions commenced against North Vietnam.

The goal of the operation was to discourage the Hanoi regime’s direction and support of an insurgency that threatened to destroy the Republic of Vietnam. The campaign sought to strike targets sufficiently valuable to pressure the North Vietnamese into concessions, albeit in a limited manner that would not result in too many civilian deaths, the destruction of the North Vietnamese regime, or a Soviet or Chinese intervention. Therefore, targets chosen tended to be interdiction targets, such as bridges and railway lines, plus ones connected with the industrial base and war economy, such as petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL), power plants, and weapons and ammunitions storage depots. Absent from the list were many air defense targets, which were either too close to heavily populated areas or, in the case of airfields, too provocative.

in South Vietnam. Overall, the air campaign produced only limited interdiction gains by early 1967 but had cost the United States greatly in the number of aircraft lost. A Department of Defense report released to the press on 9 January 1967 claimed a loss of 599 fixed-wing aircraft from all the services and 255 helicopters—a total of 854 aircraft.

Phase V (May 1967–October 1968) focused on what remained of North Vietnam’s industrial infrastructure as well as “fleeting” targets of opportuChecking ordnance prior to launch nity. In January 1968, however, the Tet Offensive interrupted the campaign, Vietnamese government agreed to talk and, later that year, compelling the Navy to shift air assets to close air met with American diplomatic officials in Paris, but it support missions designed to defend major positions would take the United States close to four more years and in South Vietnam. In Operation Niagara, Task Force a significant amount of fighting to achieve a settlement 77 and other U.S. and South Vietnamese air forces acceptable to both parties. deluged the enemy forces around Khe Sanh with Halloween 1968 marked the end of Operation Rolling a rain of bombs and rockets that decimated their Thunder. During the three-and-a-half-year aerial assault, ranks and eliminated any prospect of a successful Navy and Marine aircraft flew 152,399 attack sorties ground assault on the base. Flying more than 3,000 against North Vietnam, just short of the Air Force total of attack sorties in support of the Khe Sanh defenders 153,784 attack sorties. These U.S. strikes dropped 864,000 during February and March 1968, Yankee Station tons of bombs and missiles on North Vietnam. This total carrier aircraft strafed, rocketed, and bombed enemy compared with 653,000 tons of conventional bombs positions, some as close as 100 yards to the U.S. base. unleashed during the three years of the Korean War and Militarily, the Tet Offensive proved disastrous for the the 503,000 tons dropped in the Pacific theater during Communists. Not only did the Viet Cong and North more than three years of World War II. All told, Navy Vietnamese forces fail to hold on to any of the major pilots shot down 29 enemy aircraft during the Rolling towns or cities struck during the attack, but they lost Thunder period while losing just eight aircraft to MiGs. more than 58,000 troops in the process. Nevertheless, Tet Experience battling MiGs and other air defenses gained was a turning point in the war and a strategic victory for during Rolling Thunder led to a variety of technological the enemy. Despite having heard only positive reports on innovations in air-to-air missile technology, electronic the war from Gen. William C. Westmoreland and other warfare, and improved command, control, communicagovernment officials during preceding months, many tions, and intelligence.

Americans, including President Johnson, now considSix hundred Navy and 271 Marine aviators were lost ered the war unwinnable. Believing that Rolling Thunder during the war, most of them during Rolling Thunder. Most was doing little to weaken the will of the enemy to fight, of the Navy prisoners of war were shot down during Rolling President Johnson delivered a televised address to the Thunder missions, including Medal of Honor recipient American people on 31 March 1968 announcing a halt James B. Stockdale and Senator John McCain. In total, the to bombing operations north of the 19th parallel, another North Vietnamese and Chinese captured 170 naval aviators offer to negotiate a cease-fire agreement with Hanoi, and and aircrew, 160 of whom Hanoi released in 1973. his decision not to seek a second term in office. The North

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contain the rebels and ultimately questioned the legitiHF members and guests were treated to a set of macy of the Nicaraguan leadership. Mobley connected remarkable presentations and discussion at the the dots to Leahy’s later opposition to the use of atomic Fleet Admiral Leadership Seminar and Roundbombs against Japan. table held at the Cold War Gallery May 16. Following Dr. David Kohnen, who directs the John B. Hattendorf welcoming remarks by NHF President Rear Adm. Bud Center at the Naval War College, reflected back on the Langston and Director of Naval History Rear Adm. Sam efforts of then-Captains Dudley W. Knox and Ernest J. Cox, the audience witnessed five superb presentations about King, who confronted the issue of professional military the four fleet admirals: Leahy, King, Nimitz, and Halsey. education during an era when naval officers were seen as Moderator David A. Rosenberg opened with an enteralmost religious about their taining presentation looking at profession. Reminding the the genesis of the rank, noting audience that peacetime operaat one time George Dewey was tions was more of the norm for bestowed the title Admiral of King, the future fleet admiral the Navy—an equivalent to joined with Knox and Cdr. six stars. He flashed a series William S. Pye to note that of slides identifying British, the Naval Academy prepared German, Japanese, and Soviet officers for the “lowest officers who held the title and commissioned grade.” From explained that in World War then on reputations were built II our allies outranked us and on seamanship and experithis imbalance needed to be Dr. Scott Mobley discusses U.S. military operations in ence. Kohnen discussed how addressed. Rosenberg addressed Nicaragua in 1912. this troika took on the “Salt the controversy on whether Horses” to stage an educational Spruance should have been coup in the 1920s with King promoted to five stars over being the principal author of Halsey by noting that legislathe “Report and Recommention had been proposed over a dations of a Board Appointed decade ago from Congressman by the Bureau of Navigation Mike Pence for Indiana to Regarding the Instruction and promote Spruance posthuTraining of Line Officers.” mously. Concluding his talk Whereas the fate of the with a cavalcade of fleet admiral original report within the naval images on Time magazine bureaucracy remains a mystery, covers, Rosenberg turned the Roundtable panel chaired by Dr. Rosenberg featuring a version of what became podium to Dr. Scott Mobley.

Vice Admiral Carter, Dr. Kohnen, Dr. Hughes, and Rear known as the K-P-K Report Mobley, who spent the past Admiral Cox. appeared in the Naval Institute year teaching history at the Proceedings. In calling for officers to attend the Naval U.S. Naval Academy, talked about a young William D. War College twice in their careers, Kohnen rattled off Leahy who was confronting family health issues when he the names of a number of flag officers who led the Navy suddenly found himself in Nicaragua in the wake of the in World War II who benefitted from the postgraduate 1912 rebellion. Mobley had used a diary that Leahy had studies offered by Newport. deposited with the Library of Congress NHF collection A quarter century after the K-P-K Report, another back when he was president of the NHF in the 1950s board led by now-Admiral Pye reported findings that built but recently became aware of a different diary held at on the post–World War I report. Together, Kohnen argued, the Naval Academy and found differences in the two documents that shed light on Leahy’s worldviews. In essence, Leahy questioned some of the tactics used to Continued on page 19

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Naval Historical Foundation

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The Fleet Admiral Leadership Seminar and Roundtable

1968.

Tet. Hue City.

Khe Sanh.

The End of Rolling Thunder.

The air-to-ground campaign escalates.

Interdiction along the coast and on the river.

1968 was the defining year of the Vietnam War.

A symposium sponsored by the five military historical nonprofit organizations:

Air Force Historical Foundation I Army Historical Foundation Foundation for Coast Guard History I Marine Corps Heritage Foundation Naval Historical Foundation

NOV 14-15, 2018

National Museum of the United States Marine Corps Quantico, VA

For registration information contact Dr. Dave Winkler at dwinkler@navyhistory.org

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Secretary of the Navy Spencer Honors Senator Warner at Five Star Mess Night presenting NHF Distinguished Service Award

clockwise is “the mess” seated before the Constitution Fighting Top; Admiral Fallon welcoming the mess, with his wife Mary, Senator Warner, Dr. Jennifer London, and Dr. J. Phillip London looking on (the flag behind Admiral Fallon had flown at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and was recently acquired by the Londons); Admiral Fallon declaring the beef “fit for consumption!”; and the presentation of the NHF Distinguished Service Award to Senator Warner, who is flanked

by Secretary Spencer and Admiral Fallon.

The NHF is grateful to the following sponsors who supported both the Fleet Admiral Leadership Seminar and Roundtable and the NHF Five-Star Mess Night to include corporate support from CACI, Salesforce and Lockheed Martin as well as NHF Directors Capt. Maurice Gauthier and Rear Adm. Larry Marsh.

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Naval Historical Foundation

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n Saturday May 19, naval tradition came to the Navy Museum as the NHF hosted its first annual “Mess Night.”

Admiral Fallon served as the president of the mess and oversaw time-honored rituals such as the presentation of the beef, overseeing toasts, and presentation of awards. The honored guest was Secretary of the Navy Richard Spencer, and Senator John W. Warner was recognized with the NHF’s Distinguished Service Award.

Pictured above from the top left-hand corner

Looking for a unique venue for your next special event?

The National Museum of the United States Navy (NMUSN) and adjacent Cold War Gallery are available after-hours at corporate, non-profit, and military rates for special social and community events.

Book your event today!

For information and museum rental rates, contact the Manager of Special Events at (202) 930-5245 or by email at eventrental@navyhistory.org

**Special Offer for NHF Members** Book your event by October 31, 2018 and receive 20% off rental fee

Pull Together • Summer 2018

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From the

DECKPLATE

NHF Establishes “Teacher of Distinction” Award for National History Day Teachers

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icates, three-year NHF membernaugurating a new academic ships, and access to NHF historical award, the NHF recognized 26 research assistance. Teachers of Teachers of Distinction in the award-winning projects—Coskey 2018 National History Day (NHD) Prizes and national competition nationwide history competition for finalists—also received honorarmiddle and high school students that iums. In addition, students whose concluded June 14 at the University projects were ranked highly in the of Maryland.

Coskey Prize competition received The Foundation awards went student achievement certificates, to teachers whose students develCaroline Maxon of Henderson, NC, with Dr. Charles Chadbourn. Caroline won the three-year NHF memberships, and oped award-winning or otherwise Senior Coskey Prize for her paper, “The access to NHF historical research outstanding projects with a naval or Quasi War: The Undeclared Conflict.” assistance. maritime theme consistent with this year’s overall NHD topic, “Conflict and Compromise in History.” Each Coskey Prizes year some 600,000 students from Since 1999 the Foundation has middle and high schools from all 50 awarded $1,000 Coskey Prizes to states and territories, as well as interone middle school student and one national schools in Asia and Central high school student whose NHD America, participate in NHD. Project projects best capture an appreciation categories include papers, exhibits, for naval history. The prize is named video documentaries, websites, and for the late Capt. Ken Coskey, a Pictured from L-R: Dr. Chadbourn, performances.

Vietnam War combat pilot and Andrew Karafa of Ada, MI, his teacher, Competition begins in individual prisoner of war and former execuJames Cross, and Rosemary Coskey. schools with the top two winners in tive director of the NHF. This year’s Andrew won the Junior Coskey Prize for each category advancing to regional, Coskey Prize winners were Andrew his individual documentary, “Temporary state, and national levels of competiKarafa of Eastern Middle School in Truces: How America’s Handling of the Barbary Bullies Molded the U.S. Navy.” tion. Approximately 3,000 students Kentwood, MI for his documentary and several thousand teachers project, “Temporary Truces: How participated in the final competition at the UniverAmerica’s Handling of Barbary Bullies Molded the U.S. sity of Maryland June 10–14. “The National History Navy,” and Caroline Maxon of West Henderson High Day competition is a wonderful opportunity for young School in Henderson, NC, for her paper project, “The students to develop a lifelong appreciation for history and Quasi War: The Undeclared Conflict.” be awarded for their achievements,” said Adm. William J. The NHF Teacher of Distinction awards went to Fallon, USN (Ret.), NHF chairman. “But we wanted to James Cross of Eastern Middle School and Melissa also recognize the outstanding teachers who inspire and Waycaster and Katie McCrary, both of West Henderson encourage these students. They’re the real heroes on the High School, teachers of the Coskey Prize–winning frontlines of our education system.” students. The NHF plans to make the NHD Teacher of All Teacher of Distinction awards consisted of certifDistinction awards an annual event.

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Naval Historical Foundation

Additional National Competition Winners NHF awards also went to teachers whose student projects were ranked first, second, or third in the NHD national competition. This year, five projects fell into this category: • “A Splash of History: The Conflict and Compromise of the Indus Waters Treaty,” a first-place documentary project by Sanjay Kasi of Felix Festa Character Middle School, West Nyack, NY. Teacher: Paul Clemente.

• “Great Lakes, Great Legacy?: The Compromise of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement,” a first-place group website project by Azalea Rohr and Sofia Fish of Sanford Middle School in Minneapolis, MN. Teachers: Casey Metcalfe and Jennifer Pilot.

• “The Oyster Wars of the Chesapeake Bay: How Regulatory Compromise Created Conflict,” a secondplace paper by Zoe Friedman of Deal Middle School, Washington, DC. Teacher: Yvette Simpson-Wayne.

• “Sailing Away from the Turbulent Waters of Vietnam: The Overflowing Waves of Boat People,” a second-place documentary by Vy Nguyen of Derby North Middle School, Derby, KS. Teacher: Amy Steadman.

• “Where the River Runs Dry: Conflict over Water in the West and the Compromise of the Colorado River Compact,” a third-place paper by Emery Jansen of Southern Hills Middle School, Boulder, CO. Teacher: Zach Crandall.

Other Highly Ranked Projects The final category for Teacher of Distinction recognition was for student projects that were highly ranked by judges for the Coskey Prize competition. There were 10 projects in the middle school division and 7 for the high school division, with a total of 17 teacher awards. Following are the project titles, winning students, and winning teachers: Middle School • “Nuclear Conflict, Peaceful Compromise,” an exhibit

by Devin Corrington and Parker Williams of Tri-County North Middle School of Lewisburg, OH. Teacher: Debbie Pearson.

• “Three Strikes and I am NOT Out: The Raye Jean Montague Story,” a group website project by Henry Mitchell, Morgan Davis, and Olivia Flowers of Royal Valley Middle School, Mayetta, KS. Teacher: Brenda Hainey.

• “The Deliberate Destruction of SMS Cormoran: Preventing Conflict with Compromise,” a website project

by Napu Blas of Untalan Middle School, Guam. Teacher: Valerie Tanayan.

• “The Thirteen Day Crisis,” an exhibit by Halley Desal of Auten Road Intermediate School, Hillsborough, NJ. Teacher: Patricia Sellar.

• “Coming Eye to Eye in the Cuban Missile Crisis,” a website project by Olivia Biggs of American Heritage

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School of Boca/Delray, Delray Beach, FL. Teacher: Mindy Greenberg.

“The Speech That Saved Democracy,” a performance project by Dhruv Cohen of Deal Middle School, Washington, DC. Teacher: Caitlin Daniels.

“The Cuban Missile Crisis: How Countries Risk War in the Nuclear Age,” a paper by Matthew Ellis of Northside Junior High School, Bothell, WA. Teacher: William Boniface.

“Pirates of South Carolina,” a group performance project

by Ben Besser, Clay Lewis, Marshall Carnahan, Max Congdon, and Olivia Johnson of Waccamaw Middle School, Pawleys Island, SC. Teacher: Richard Gehrman.

“Newport Maritime and American Freedom,” a documentary by Sydney Van Slyke of Narragansett Pier School, Narragansett, RI. Teacher: Kevin Holden.

“The Tripolitan War: A Fight against Coastal Corsairs,” a documentary by Jenna Hartz of St. Benedict School, Decorah, IA. Teacher: Patty Lien.

High School • “Conflict and Failed Compromise: U.S. Excursions into Korea in the 19th Century,” a paper by Sam Yoo of John Bapst Memorial High School, Bangor, ME. Teacher: Ben Hale.

• “Home of the Brave?: Challenging Standards for Military Service,” a performance by Kale Michael of Seaman High School, Topeka, KS. Teacher: Susan Sittenauer.

• “The S.S. St. Louis: The Refusal of Refugees,” an exhibit

by Owen Killy of Georgetown Day School, Washington, DC. Teacher: Jonathan Kiljik.

• “To the Ends of the Earth: Robert Scott’s Final Expedition,” a group documentary by Jeffrey Tolentino and Sam Crowley of E.L. Haynes Public Charter School, Washington, DC. Teacher: Nathanial Cole.

• “Conflict at Sea: The Spanish Armada vs. Elizabeth’s Sea Dogs,” a paper by Bridget Sheridan of Caravel Academy of Bear, DE. Teacher: Staci Garber.

• “Spain and Portugal: Competing for Power in an Age of Exploration,” an exhibit by Amy Herrema of West Springfield High School, Springfield, VA. Teacher: Stephanie Shimp.

• “Operation Overlord: Triumph of Cooperation,” a performance by Travis Afuso of Mililani High School, Mililani, HI. Teacher: Amy Boehning.

The teacher awards for highly ranked projects other than the Coskey Prizes and national competition winners were chosen by a selection committee consisting of NHF board members Barbara Pilling (Chair) and Capt. Jim Noone, USNR (Ret.) and NHF Historian Dr. Dave Winkler.

The NHF advisor for the Teacher of Distinction program is Dr. Charles “Chuck” Chadbourn, historian and retired Navy Reserve captain who has long been active in NHD.

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NHF Historian Addresses International Forum

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HF’s historian Dr. Dave Winkler had the honor of providing a keynote address at the Annual Security Review Conference of the Organization of Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) held June 26–28 in Vienna, Austria. Winkler highlighted sections of his recent Naval Institute Press book Incidents at Sea detailing the negotiations of the Incidents at Sea Agreement and the subsequent Prevention of Dangerous Military Activities accord as well as a safety-at-sea understanding reached with China that could serve as templates for multilateral arrangements. Dr. Winkler has been invited back to participate in a follow-on program in September.

The OSCE was created as a result of the

Helsinki accords reached in 1975 and currently has 57 member states as well as observers from other multinational organizations such as the European Union and NATO.

NHF Intern Creates Model Ship Tour

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Naval Historical Foundation

Virtual Ship Tour – USS Shark

Launched in 1821 at the Washington Navy Yard and helmed by Matthew C. Perry, Shark served in several parts of the world with the purpose of suppressing the activities of slave traders and pirates. After sailing to Africa, she joined Commodore James Biddles’ squadron in the West Indies in 1821. In addition to eliminating the slave trade and piracy, Shark also sailed to Newfoundland in 1827 to protect American fishing interests between her trips to Africa and the West Indies. After being stationed in the Mediterranean for five years, she became the first American warship to traverse the Straits of Magellan from east to west in 1839, and continued on to patrol the coast of Peru. She met her end in 1846 during an exploration of the Columbia River upon running into an uncharted shoal and was swept by the tide, though the entire crew survived.

Virtual Ship Tour – CSS Alabama

The most successful and notorious commerce raider at the Confederacy’s disposal, Alabama managed to capture 65 ships with a total value of $6,000,000 within the span of 21 months. Helmed by Raphael Semmes, she cruised across the Atlantic, into the Gulf of Mexico, through the south Atlantic and out to the East Indies before arriving at the French port of Cherbourg. It was then that her enemy Kearsarge had located her and engaged her in battle, resulting in nine deaths and twenty-one injuries before she was abandoned and sank.

OSCE

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n 2016, the NHF introduced www.usnavymusuems.org as a national web portal to explore America’s naval historical resources ranging from maritime museums to historic ships. This Fall the portal will feature an opportunity to explore more ships, most being no longer in existence. Thanks to Eric Dubay, who is completing his graduate work at George Mason University, about 100 ship models currently on display at the National Museum of the United States Navy will join the existing fleet currently featured at www.usnavymuseums.org.

Historic Documents and Geisha Doll Transferred

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Then there was the call from the Baltimore Museum primary mission for the NHF at its founding of Industry, which wanted to deaccession a geisha doll in 1926 was to collect papers and artifacts that from its holdings. The museum had approached the had been hidden away in the nation’s attics and Smithsonian Institute, which recommended they contact basements by naval personnel of the 19th and early 20th the NHF. Geisha dolls were a popular presentation centuries. Today, many of those holdings are with the item during the world cruise Library of Congress manuscript of the Japanese training flotilla division or have been placed on during their East Coast leg of display within the Navy Museum. the journey in the fall of 1929.

Recently, NHF was President Hoover received one approached with two unique of the dolls when he hosted offerings. The first was in the flotilla commander Vice Adm. form of a wrapped packet Kichisaburo Nomura and his of documents that had been staff at the White House on passed down through the family September 27, 1929. Five days of the family of Rear Adm. later on October 2, the Mayor of Mordecai Endicott, CEC, who Baltimore received a doll when served as the chief of the Civil the flotilla visited that port city.

Engineering Corps from 1898 to A day prior to the Baltimore 1907. The brown paper bundle mayoral presentation, Vice was marked “Of possible interest Admiral Nomura hosted Col. to the Bureau of Yards and Jane Woltereck, curator of the Baltimore Museum of Harry C. Jones, the president Docks.”

Industry, presents NHHC Director Rear Admiral Cox with the Nomura geisha doll. of the Baltimore Chamber of Notified of the existence Commerce, for lunch on the of the materials, the current flagship Asama. Jones would commander of the Civil pass this doll to his assistant, who would pass it on to Engineering Corps, Rear Adm. Brett Muilenburg, his daughter, who eventually offered it to the museum. expressed interest and arranged for Dr. Lara Godbille Nomura would retire as an admiral and join the Japanese of the Navy Seabee Museum to review the collection of diplomatic corps. He was the Japanese ambassador to correspondence and statements expressing the constructhe United States on December 7, 1941. The curator of tor’s dismay with a Navy reorganization that placed the the Naval History and Heritage Command was pleased management of shipyards under the direction of line to receive the doll, which represented a period of better officers. NHF arranged for the formal donation of the relations between the two countries. papers from the descendent of Rear Admiral Endicott.

NAVDOCS Progress Report

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ast summer NHF received a $49,700 National Maritime Heritage matching grant from the National Park Service to convert documents from Volumes 1 through 11 of the Naval Documents of the American Revolution.

The series, which dates to the administration of President Kennedy, has been converted from PDF format to XML by NHF subcontractor Perdue Digital Services, which is now reviewing them

for accuracy and encoding. The objective is for the online version of the naval documents to be faithful to the print volumes.

Perdue Digital Services is working with the University of Virginia Center for Digital Editing to help build the web-based publication platform.

The vision is for the project to be stored on servers maintained by the University of Virginia for the immediate future.

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Trip to UK a Go!

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he article in the last edition of Pull Together about a proposed trip to England this November to visit the Museum of the Royal Navy and environs around Portsmouth as well as the World War I symposium at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich generated enough interest to go forward with the venture. Plans call for the group to assemble at Heathrow before noon on Monday November 5 where they will be met by historians Brian Lavery and Dave Winkler and bus down to Portsmouth to tour the city and the museum with a host of guest lecturers. On Wednesday evening the group will travel by bus to Greenwich to attend the three-day National Royal Maritime Museum World War I symposium or tour nearby historical attractions. With the centennial of the armistice ending World War I occurring the day following the conclusion of the symposium, members of the NHF tour group have expressed interest in staying for the Remembrance Day ceremonies at Whitehall. We will return on the 12th.

Anyone else interested in joining the group should contact Dave Winkler at dwinkler@navyhistory.org.

Lynn Neagley Recognized as the 2017 NHF Volunteer of the Year

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t the June 2 annual meeting of the NHF, Admiral Fallon announced that Ms. Lynn Neagley would receive the NHF’s 2017 Volunteer of the Year award. Ms. Neagley joined the staff in early 2017 to serve as the volunteer coordinator, assist with membership correspondence, and perform other duties as needed. One chore she took on included receiving dues and contributions and acknowledging receipt through letters, a task that Mrs. Neagley handled with enthusiasm. She also helped ensure attendees of NHF-hosted events and rental events at the Navy Museum had clearance through the Washington Navy Yard Visitor Center or had assigned escorts. Other “duties as needed” included preparing the weekly sales report for the museum store, retrieving the mail, and managing monetary deposits to the nearby Navy Federal Credit Union. In summary, Ms. Neagley contributed an average of 50 hours of volunteer work per month and directed the activities of other volunteers, enabling other staff members to focus on history initiatives.

International Journal of Naval History August 2018 Edition Highlights r “The Craftsmanship of Being a Naval Historian” by Michael J. Crawford r “The War of the Pacific in International Context: Global Arms and U.S. Naval Development” by Thomas Jamison r “Why There Was No Privateering in the Spanish-American War” by Scott D. Wagner

r “The Decisive Blow: The Anglo-French Naval Campaign of 1759” by Kevin J. Delamar r “The First Class at RAF No. 31 Radio School” by Paul Renard

Sponsored by The Naval Historical Foundation. Visit us online at www.ijnhonline.org.

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Naval Historical Foundation

PIXABY

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he International Journal of Naval History is dedicated to providing a preeminent forum for works of naval history researched and written to demonstrable academic standards. Our hope is to stimulate and promote research in naval history and foster international communication among naval historians.

NHF Capt. Edward L. Beach Jr. Naval/Military History Award

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idn. 1/C Ryan Menke of Wichita, KS, receiving the NHF Capt. Edward L. Beach Jr. Naval/Military History Award from former NHF Executive Director Capt. Todd Creekman (USNA Class of 1969) and U.S. Naval Institute’s Lt. Cdr. Tom Cutler (Gordon England Chair of Professional Naval Literature at USNI) at the May 23, 2018, Prizes and Awards Ceremony of the U.S. Naval Academy’s Division of Humanities and Social Sciences.

Midshipman Ryan was a History Department Honors graduate who was commissioned an ensign in the Navy on Friday, May 25. This fall he will attend nuclear power school and go on to nuclear submarine duty, following in the footsteps of his late father, Cdr. Kurt W. Menke (USNA Class of 1985) and the award’s namesake, Capt. Ned Beach (USNA Class of 1939). Ned

Beach, a longtime NHF board member, was a decorated World War II submariner and commanding officer of USS Triton (SSRN 586), which in 1960 was the first vessel to complete a submerged circumnavigation of the earth.

Beach was the author of the best-selling Run Silent, Run Deep, a copy of which was presented to Midshipman Menke along with an awards plaque. Midshipman Menke’s proud mother Rhonda and younger brother Alex witnessed the event. (Others pictured are Division Director Col. Jon Aytes, USMC; USNA Academic Dean and Provost Dr. Andrew T. Phillips; and History Department Chair Cdr. Mark Belson, USN).

Midshipman Menke’s Honors Thesis that helped earn him this award was titled “Force in the Far East: Royal Navy Gunboat Operations on the China Station, 1860–1870.”

Looking for a gift for a friend who loves naval history?

How About a Membership with the Naval Historical Foundation? www.navyhistory.org Pull Together • Summer 2018

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Naval History Book Reviews

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he NHF continues to publish our weekly NHBR e-letter as a benefit of membership.

We thank those members who have taken the time to request and review books. Any questions about NHBR can be address to Dr. Dave Winkler at dwinkler@navyhistory. org. Visit www.navyhistory.org to read the full reviews. Recent postings include:

Battle Briefings: D-Day and the Normandy Campaign

By David Reisch Reviewed by William H. Johnson

British & German Battlecruisers: Their Development and Operations

By Michele Cosentino & Ruggero Stanglini Reviewed by Ed Calouro

Adrift: A True Story of Tragedy on the Icy Atlantic and the One Who Lived to Tell About It

By Brian Murphy & Toula Vlahou Reviewed by CAPT Andrew Jampoler, USN (Ret.)

Churchill’s Thin Grey Line: British Merchant Ships at War 1939-1945

By Bernard Edwards Reviewed by Charles H. Bogart

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Naval Historical Foundation

Controlled Delivery: Covet Operations in the War on Drugs: Volume 1 & Volume 2

By Nick Jacobellis Reviewed by Charles H. Bogart

On Grand Strategy

By John Lewis Gaddis Reviewed by Kenneth J. Hagan, Ph.D.

Steam Titan: Cunard, Collins and the Epic Battle for Commerce on the North Atlantic

By William M. Fowler, Jr. Reviewed by William S. Dudley, Ph.D.

Inspiring Innovation: Examining the Operational, Policy, and Technical Contributions Made

by Vice Admiral Samuel L. Gravely Jr. and His Successors

By LCDR Robert Crosby Reviewed by RADM Guy Shaffer, USN (Ret.)

Our Little Monitor: The Greatest Invention of the Civil War

By Anna Gibson Holloway & Jonathan W. White Reviewed by Randall Fortson

The Shadow Tiger: Billy McDonald, Wingman to Chennault

By William C. McDonald, III & Barbara L. Evenson Reviewed by CDR Peter B. Mersky, USNR (Ret.)

Victory at Midway: The Battle That Changed the Course of World War II

By James M. D’Angelo Reviewed by Charles H. Bogart

The Defenders of Taffy 3: Analysis and Retelling of the Battle of Leyte Gulf

By Bryan G. Como Reviewed by Charles H. Bogart

Oceans Ventured: Winning the Cold War at Sea

By Hon. John Lehman Reviewed by David F. Winkler, Ph.D.

World War II at Sea: A Global History

By Craig L. Symonds Reviewed by Kenneth J. Hagan, Ph.D.

Island of the Blue Foxes: Disaster and Triumph on the World’s Greatest Scientific Expedition

By Stephen R. Brown Reviewed by Charles C. Kolb, Ph.D.

Soviet Destroyers of World War II (New Vanguard #256)

By Alexander Hill Reviewed by Jeffrey Schultz

Armageddon and Paranoia: The Nuclear Confrontation Since 1945

By Rodric Braithwaite Reviewed by Charles H. Bogart

Vought SB2U Vindicator (Naval Fighters 106)

By Steve Ginter & Joe Weathers, Jr. Reviewed by CDR Peter B. Mersky, USNR (Ret.)

Leadership Seminar and Roundtable Continued from page 8

the reports laid the groundwork for the joint professional military education structure we see in the 21st century.

Thomas Hughes of the faculty of Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base offered a presentation titled “Learning to Fight: Bill Halsey and the Early American Destroyer Force.” He then provided a profile of a young Halsey who followed his tour on the battleship Kansas with the Great White Fleet and spent a good part of the next two decades assigned to torpedo boats and destroyers, starting with Du Pont in 1909. As a lieutenant commander during World War I in command of Shaw, Halsey earned a Navy Cross. His seamanship and handling of his people caught the attention of some of the Navy’s senior leaders, including Rear Adm. William S. Sims. Hughes concluded his presentation by detailing Halsey’s service in Dale and Osborne and argued that the experience of these early years served him well, at least during the early years of the Second World War. Finally, Rear Adm. Sam Cox pinched-hit for James D.

Hornfischer, who had been grounded due to bad weather in Texas. Cox adeptly covered Hornfischer’s assignment to discuss Fleet Admiral Nimitz and how his extensive experience in the Far East, starting with his involvement in operations in the Philippines where he grounded a destroyer, shaped his character. During a reception in Tokyo as a junior officer, Nimitz was impressed by Admiral of the Navy Heihachiro Togo, who did not refrain from chatting with young foreign officers. As a fleet admiral, Nimitz would also have a reputation as being approachable.

Joined by Naval Academy Superintendent Vice Adm. Ted Carter, a lively roundtable discussion ensued about the four men who were selected for the five-star rank. The four men had very different leadership styles, but all were successful. Vice Admiral Carter noted that a common variable was the Naval Academy, which gave all a common grounding.

Pull Together • Summer 2018

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NHF 2017 Annual Report Overview

The Naval Historical Foundation continued on its steadfast course to create interest in the importance of our rich naval history by capitalizing on historic milestones such as the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Midway and news breaking events including the discovery of the ill-fated cruiser Indianapolis.

As we review the impact of NHF’s work over the last year, there are many things which we can all be proud of. Our programs reached thousands of students, historians, and individuals interested in the maritime domain and helped us tell the story of the important role of naval history plays. We will continue in 2018 to build on these initiatives and reach out to new audiences.

NHF grand prize ($1,000) for his essay “U.S. Naval Aviation Failures in the Early Pacific Campaign of World War II.”

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Signed an agreement with the Superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy to initiate the “Voices of Maritime History Competition for the Superintendent’s Annual Leadership Award” in the Spring of 2018.

Education •

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Recognized Dr. Edward J. Marolda, Dr. Jon Tetsuro Sumida, and Cdr. Paul Stillwell with NHF Commodore Dudley S. Knox Lifetime Achievement Medals at the conclusion of the 2017 U.S. Naval Academy McMullen Naval History Symposium.

Presented Midn. 1st Class Patrick M. Leech with its Capt. Ned Beach Naval History Award for his scholarship as a history major at the U.S. Naval Academy.

Sponsored the Vice Admiral Robert F. Dunn History Essay Competition, soliciting scholarly papers from NROTC units located on campuses across the country.

Midshipman Jacob B. Weintraub of Cornell University received the

Naval Historical Foundation

The Honorable Richard V. Spencer addresses crowd at Welcome Aboard Reception.

Commemoration •

Welcomed the new Navy Secretary, the Honorable Richard V. Spencer, to the naval heritage community at a reception at the National Museum of the United States Museum in the fall. Approximately 170 attendees, including four of his predecessors: J. William Middendorf, John W. Warner, William Ball, and B.J. Penn, celebrated his arrival.

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Marked the 75th Anniversary of the Battle of Midway with a themed edition of Pull Together and with an online commemoration portal featuring a video-interview with retired Capt.

Jack Crawford reporting aboard Yorktown as a freshly commissioned ensign, days before the June 1942 battle. Dr. Tim Orr spoke at the annual meeting about his recent book, Never Call Me a Hero, featuring the tale of Lt. Dusty Kleiss, the only pilot to land bomb hits on three ships at Midway.

Dr. Edward J. Marolda

Cdr. Paul Stillwell

Dr. Jon Tetsuro Sumida

NHF 2017 Annual Report NHF Vice President Marty Bollinger (left) welcomed a large audience in the Cold War Gallery’s North Hall (center) to the NHF-CIA program..

Naval Historical Foundation Chairman Adm. William J. Fallon presents Dr. J. Phillip London, executive chairman of CACI, with the Naval Historical Foundation’s Distinguished Service Award in recognition of London’s work to promote the heritage of the sea services.

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We honored Dr. J. Phillip London with the NHF Distinguished Service Award for his ongoing support of naval history and heritage. Among London’s early ancestors, Captain Samuel Nicholson served as the first commanding officer of Constitution.

Community Outreach •

With the help of our members, we reviewed 76 naval history books, many written by our members, on our now weekly Naval History Book Reviews.

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Received a National Maritime Heritage Grant to digitize the 13-volume series Naval Documents of the American Revolution and a matching grant from Mr. Andy Taylor of Enterprise Holdings.

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Partnered with Dr. Robert Ballard’s Ocean Exploration Trust in conjunction with his “Victory at Sea” underwater archaeology campaign for his dive on the submarine Bugara. NHF provided historical context by documenting the submarine’s historic third war patrol.

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Joined with the Civil War Trust to publish a special naval warfare edition of Hallowed Ground titled “The First Century of the U.S. Navy,” featuring articles written by previously published NHF member authors.

Naval Historical Foundation

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Co-hosted, with the Central Intelligence Agency, the seminar “Red Navy Revealed” at the Cold War Gallery following a press briefing at the National Press Club in September.

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Joined with the Naval Submarine League in a program titled “The Hunt for Red October: Fact or Fiction” that reviewed the 1984 Tom Clancy novel and historical events that inspired it.

Pull Together • Summer 2018

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NHF 2017 Annual Report Summary of Financial and Organizational Information 2017 Income

2017 Expenses

26%

27%

41%

62%

17%

11% 16%

$675,200

$567,001

Donor Contributions/Member Dues Interest and Investment Income Events and Rental Income Other Income

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Program Expenses Fund-raising General and Administration

Specific financial information can be made upon request and is listed on the NHF Form 990 to the IRS. postings of naval historical interest; publishing Pull Together quarterly; recognition programs to acknowledge scholarship, oral history and memoir collection maintenance; and the daily response to naval history inquiries made by those on active duty and within the general public.

The Naval Historical Foundation exists because of you and your support. We are most thankful to all our donors and volunteers as you make our work possible. We are especially pleased to honor Ms. Lynn Neagley as the NHF 2017 Volunteer of the Year.

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Funds were raised through six primary sources – donations, membership dues, project grants, event sponsorships, the museum store, and other revenues such as royalties and museum rentals.

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NHF’s biggest expense is program services.

This includes maintaining three websites for the Naval Historical Foundation, The Museum Store, and the International Journal of Naval History; producing knowledge content through the dissemination of book reviews and other

Naval Historical Foundation

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The more hands that “pull together” the lighter the load for all allowing more to be accomplished. Our goals are to increase membership, promote the rental of the National Museum of the United States Navy and Cold War Gallery for ship reunions, holiday parties, weddings and other receptions and attract individual and corporate benefactors who share the vision of the NHF mission.

As of 31 December 2017

NHF 2017 Annual Report Naval Historical Foundation

Directors Emeritus Amb. J. William Middendorf Vice Adm. William H. Rowden*

FOUNDATION STAFF (AS OF 1 JULY 2018) Executive Director: Dale “Kid” Lumme Historian/Programs: Dr. David Winkler Communications/Media: Ms. Diana West Events: Ms. Shannon Cody Membership/Admin: Ms. Rachael Smith Museum Store Manager: Mr. John Royal

Admiral William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

BOARD MEMBERS (AS OF 1 JULY 2018)

The Admiral James L. Holloway III Society strongly supports the goals and mission of the Naval Historical Foundation through a pledge of support of at least $100,000 over five years.

Leadership (* indicates retired Navy) Chairman: Adm. William J. Fallon* President: Rear Adm. Arthur N. Langston* Vice President: Mr. Martin J. Bollinger Secretary: (Vacant) Other Directors Dr. Katherine Epstein Capt. Maurice A. Gauthier* The Hon. Steven S. Honigman Mr. James D. Hornfischer Hon. John F. Lehman, Jr. Dr. J. Phillip London Capt. James A. Noone* The Hon. B.J. Penn Dr. Barbara Pilling Dr. David A. Rosenberg Mr. Michael J. Wallace Chairmen Emeritus Adm. James L. Holloway III* Adm. Bruce DeMars*

Admiral James L. Holloway III

Dr. Dean & Mrs. Connie Allard Jr. Mr. Robert C. Jr. & Mrs. Terrye Bellas Mr. Martin J. Bollinger Mr. John K. Castle Adm. & Mrs. Bruce DeMars Adm. Thomas B. Hayward Adm. & Mrs. James L. Holloway III Dr. J. Phillip & Dr. Jennifer London Mr. Corbin A. McNeill Amb. J. William Middendorf Rear Adm. John T Mitchell Mr. Michael J. & Victoria Wallace Mr. William H. White

HOW YOU CAN HELP It is your support that helps us preserve and honor the legacy of those who came before us and educate future generations on the important role our nation’s naval history plays in the maritime domain. As we move forward, we need your

continued support. There are many ways you can support us, including: • Gifts of Stock • Planned Giving • Sustained Giving • Annual Cash Donations • Workplace or Matching Employee Donations

You can also help us by volunteering. In the Washington, DC region we always need a set of extra hands in the office.

We also are looking for subject matter experts to help with our book review program.

Pull Together • Summer 2018

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Naval Historical Foundation at the Washington Navy Yard P.O. Box 15304 Washington, DC 20003

YOU MAKE A DIFFERENCE Preserving and Honoring the Legacy of Those Who Came Before Us; Educating and Inspiring the Generations Who Will Follow Membership in NHF is open to all who are interested in the history and heritage of the U.S. Navy.

________________________________________________________________________ New member’s name, title or rank _active _veteran _retired

Membership dues are: Student/Teacher/Active Duty - $25 Individual - $50 Family - $75

________________________________________________________________________ Street Address/Duty Station

Supporter - $250 Organizational - $5,000 Life - $1,000

Members of the Holloway Society ($100,000 and up) are recognized in every edition of Pull Together.

Members receive our NHF’s publication Pull Together and are entitled to receive Naval History Book Reviews.

Help make a difference! Please consider giving a gift membership to a friend or associate. Each person to whom you give a membership will receive NHF’s publications for a year, plus a personal letter from the Rear Adm. Arthur N. Langston, NHF’s president, noting the membership was given from you.

Pull Together is published by the Naval Historical Foundation.

Editorial Board Executive Director: Capt. Dale Lumme, USN (Ret.) Executive Editor: Dr. David Winkler Designer: Marlece Lusk Copy Editor: Catherine S. Malo

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Naval Historical Foundation

________________________________________________________________________ City/State/Zip ________________________________________________________________________ email This is a gift from: _________________________________________________________

Membership application and renewal may be also accomplished online at www. navyhistory.org Dues and other monetary contributions to NHF are tax deductible. Please make check payable to the Naval Historical Foundation and mail to NHF, P.O. Box 15304, Washington, DC 20003.

Address submissions and correspondence to Executive Editor, Pull Together, c/o NHF, P.O. Box 15304, Washington, DC 20003. Phone: (202) 678-4333.

E-mail: info@navyhistory.org. Subscription is a benefit of membership in the Naval Historical Foundation. Advertisement inquiries for future issues and digital content are welcomed. Opinions expressed in Pull Together are those of the authors and do not necessarily relect the views of the Naval Historical Foundation. © 2018

Secretary of the Navy Spencer Honors Senator Warner at Five Star Mess Night presenting NHF Distinguished Service Award

tution Fighting Top; Admiral Fallon welcoming the mess, with his wife Mary, Senator Warner, Dr. Jennifer London, and Dr. J. Phillip London looking on (the flag behind Admiral Fallon had flown at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and was recently acquired by the Londons); Admiral Fallon declaring the beef “fit for consumption!”; Chris O’Keefe serving as “Mr. Vice” and explaining to attendees the “rules” of the mess; and the presentation of the NHF Distinguished Service Award to Senator Warner, who is flanked

by Secretary Spencer and Admiral Fallon.

The NHF is grateful to the following sponsors who supported both the Fleet Admiral Leadership Seminar and Roundtable and the NHF Five-Star Mess Night to include corporate support from CACI, Salesforce and Lockheed Martin as well as NHF Directors Capt. Maurice Gauthier and Rear Adm. Larry Marsh.

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Naval Historical Foundation

DIANA WEST

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n Saturday May 19, naval tradition came to the Navy Museum as the NHF hosted its first annual “Mess Night.”

Admiral Fallon served as the president of the mess and oversaw time-honored rituals such as the presentation of the beef, overseeing toasts, and presentation of awards. The honored guest was Secretary of the Navy Richard Spencer, and Senator John W. Warner was recognized with the NHF’s Distinguished Service Award.

Pictured above from the top left-hand corner clockwise is “the mess” seated before the Consti-