STUDENT GALLERY GUIDE
Scan the QR Code to learn about more great programs offered by The National WWII Museum’s Education Team!
STUDENT E D U C A T I O N
945 MAGAZINE STREET, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70130 | STUDENT.PROGRAMS@NATIONALWW2MUSEUM.ORG | 504-528-1944
GALLERY GUIDE
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equipment, bridges, and more—alongside the phrase “KILROY WAS HERE.” Look for me in the pages of your Student Gallery Guide! As you go through exhibits, keep an eye out for targets like this—they’ll help you complete your missions!
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LOUISIANA MEMORIAL PAVILION
THE ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY
Why the War Was Fought TARGET 3: FOCUSING ON VICTORY
Key Facts
Propaganda like the “Dish it out with the Navy” poster was used to convince the public to join the war effort. Design your own propaganda poster to convince people to help with the war effort. Be sure to include a persuasive slogan and image!
• Although World War II started in 1939, the United States officially got involved on December 8, 1941, one day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Continue exploring the immersive galleries until you reach the United but Unequal gallery.
• Americans pitched in to support the war effort in many ways, both on the Home Front and overseas in the military. • American manufacturing during World War II—nicknamed the “arsenal of democracy” by President Franklin D. Roosevelt—was key to military success abroad and societal change at home. Head to The Arsenal of Democracy’s first gallery, Gathering Storm.
TARGET 1: A BROKEN WORLD On the wall you will see A Broken World, a timeline of events that led up to World War II. Use the timeline to fill in the blanks in the following statements.
1918
1923
1918: WORLD WAR I ENDS. Four years
1923: GERMAN ECONOMY COLLAPSES. The
1938:
of savage fighting on the Western
German government reacts to its crippling
On November 9–10, 1938, the persecution
Front finally ended at 11:00 a.m.
reparations
of German Jews escalates violently.
on
by printing more money. The result is
Rampaging
runaway
mobs loot Jewish businesses, burn
and the destruction of German currency.
synagogues, and beat and kill Jews.
,
1938
Continue through the House Divided gallery to the Day of Infamy gallery.
TARGET 2: AMERICA BESIEGED On December 7, 1941, Japan bombed the Pearl Harbor naval base on the Hawaiian island of Oahu. Investigate the December 7 issue of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin on display. What were the immediate effects of the Pearl Harbor bombing? A. Schools closed; Japanese Americans detained; war begins. B. Schools closed; civilians ordered off streets; six people dead. C. Antiaircraft guns in action; Navy personnel ordered to duty; 21 people dead. D. Civilians ordered off streets; draft put in place to help grow US military. Head to the America Responds gallery. Stop and notice the Focusing on Victory display case.
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LOUISIANA MEMORIAL PAVILION
CAMPAIGNS OF COURAGE
THE ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY: Why the War Was Fought
ROAD TO TOKYO: How the War Was Won
TARGET 4: UNITED BUT UNEQUAL
Key Facts
Executive Orders are actions taken by the President of the United States. Many Executive Orders issued during World War II had lasting impacts. Use the information panels in this gallery to answer the following questions. • What did Executive Order 8802 ban?
• The Pacific theater was one of the two main areas of conflict in World War II. The United States and its allies engaged in battles against the Empire of Japan that spanned thousands of miles over the Pacific Ocean, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.
• Which Executive Order authorized the forced relocation of Japanese Americans and other US residents with Japanese ancestry?
TARGET 5: WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE
TARGET 1: BRIEFING ROOM These officials led millions of troops into battle across the Pacific theater. Use their bios to complete the chart below.
2
4
3
HOW WAS IT USED?
1. WILLOW RUN
NAME
2. SOUTH BEND LATHE
ALLIED OR AXIS?
KEY ROLE IN WAR?
1. CHESTER NIMITZ 2. HIDEKI TOJO
Within the Manufacturing Victory gallery, find the information panel about Higgins Industries.
TARGET 6: HIGGINS BOAT PRODUCTION
B. Handle large waves.
C. Move through marshes.
D. Be camouflaged.
THINK ABOUT IT: Take a moment to reflect on the importance of the Higgins boat in World War II. Why might The National WWII Museum be located in New Orleans?
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3. CLAIRE LEE CHENNAULT 4. ISOROKU YAMAMOTO
New Orleans shipbuilder Andrew Higgins developed the LCVP (Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel) that was essential in the D-Day invasion of Normandy. Also known as the Higgins boat, the craft was based on a vehicle designed to: A. Deter enemy fire.
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As you enter Road to Tokyo’s Briefing Room, stop and notice the information panels featuring Allied and Axis military leaders.
Women contributed to wartime manufacturing throughout the country by making many different products. Find information about the machines that women made at the Willow Run and South Bend Lathe factories. List what they made and how it was used in the war effort. WHAT DID THEY MAKE?
• The fighting in the Pacific was dangerous and costly to Allied troops. They not only faced a fierce enemy but also navigated vast distances across the Pacific Ocean, extreme island environments, and disease. • The war officially ended with Japan’s surrender on September 2, 1945, a few weeks after America detonated atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Make your way to the Manufacturing Victory gallery.
NAME
• There were two major sides fighting against each other in World War II: the Allied powers and the Axis powers. The United States was part of the Allied powers.
Continue through the New Naval Warfare gallery to the Midway Theater.
TARGET 2: THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY From the start of the war in early 1942, the Japanese navy seemed invincible. Read the information panels and watch the short film on the Battle of Midway, then discuss with a partner why this was a key turning point in the Pacific theater.
CAMPAIGNS OF COURAGE
ROAD TO TOKYO
How the War Was Won Explore the jungle environment of the Guadalcanal gallery as you continue on to the Pacific Campaign Challenges gallery. Stop at the Fighting in the Tropics information panel and notice the map.
TARGET 3: PACIFIC CAMPAIGN CHALLENGES The vastness of the Pacific Ocean was a unique hurdle for Allied forces to overcome. Using the Challenge of Distance map, record the distances between the following locations.
E D U C A T I O N
TARGET 4: FOOTHOLDS ACROSS THE PACIFIC Making progress through the Pacific was a grueling cycle of daring landings, treacherous beaches, and a relentless enemy. The goal of this island-hopping campaign was: A. To capture as many islands as possible in the Pacific theater. B. To capture strategically important islands in the Pacific Ocean, eventually getting within range of the Japanese mainland. C. To practice amphibious landings. D. To gather resources and raw materials on each island. “Island hop” through the rest of this gallery and identify two islands that were captured by the Allies during the campaign. 1. 2. After exploring The Philippines and Death at Japan’s Doorstep galleries, head to the exhibit’s final gallery, Downfall: Endgame Against Japan.
TARGET 5: DROPPING THE BOMB
• Pearl Harbor to San Francisco:
Even with many cities destroyed by the Allies’ firebombing campaign, Japanese leaders were determined to fight until the end. This gallery explores the devastation of Japan and the United States’ ultimate decision to deploy atomic weapons. Using the “Dropping the Bomb” information panel, list the date dropped, city, and death toll for each atomic bomb.
Given these distances, why was Pearl Harbor important to the battles in the Pacific?
ATOMIC BOMB 1: Date:
City:
Death Toll:
ATOMIC BOMB 2: Date:
City:
Death Toll:
• San Francisco to Tokyo: • Tokyo to Pearl Harbor:
THINK ABOUT IT: As you exit the exhibit, take a moment to look at the images on the walls and reflect on the scale of the destruction the atomic bombs caused in Japan. Head to the Island Hopping gallery and stop at the Footholds Across the Pacific information panel. 8 | STUDENT GALLERY GUIDE
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CAMPAIGNS OF COURAGE
ROAD TO BERLIN
How the War Was Won
TARGET 3: THE AIR WAR
Key Facts • There were two major sides fighting against each other in World War II: the Allied powers and the Axis powers. The United States was part of the Allied powers.
Achieving Allied dominance in the skies over Europe was key in defeating Nazi Germany. Use the map and timeline to fill in the blanks in the following statements.
1942
• The European theater was one of the two main areas of conflict in World War II. The United States and its allies fought its European enemies in campaigns across the continent as well as in the nearby Mediterranean and North African regions. • World War II was devastating. Millions of servicemembers on all sides and fronts were injured or killed. Civilians—people not fighting with their country’s military—were also caught in the crossfire. As you enter Road to Berlin, stop and notice the panels featuring Allied and Axis political leaders.
TARGET 1: ALLIED AND
E D U C A T I O N
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1
3
4
ALLIED OR AXIS?
STALIN
2.
HITLER
17 AUGUST 1942: American heavy
6 JUNE 1944: Early on June 6, 1944, a combined
13 FEBRUARY 1945: Large-scale
bombers based in the United
Allied airborne and bombing assault drops
incendiary bombings of
Kingdom stage their first raid of
more than
Germany, create an enormous
the war. Twelve
gilder-born soldiers, and
escorted by British fighters hit the
in the first phase of the Normandy landings.
paratroopers and
tons of bombs, firestorm that burns for two days and reduces the medieval city to rubble.
Normandy, France.
NAME
1.
1945
Rouen-Sotteville railway hub in
AXIS POWERS
These officials led the warring nations involved in the European theater. Use their bios to complete the chart below.
1944
3.
5
COUNTRY?
Explore the galleries until you reach the Life of a G.I. display case in the Northwestern Europe gallery.
ALLIED
4. 5.
UNITED STATES AXIS Head to the next gallery, The Desert War. Stop at the Operation Torch and Learning to Fight the Enemy information panels.
TARGET 2: THE DESERT WAR
TARGET 4: LIFE OF A G.I. American troops on the front lines treasured even the smallest reminders of home. The artifacts featured in the Life of a G.I. display case were carried by servicemembers as they battled their way through France and into the heart of central Europe. What is one artifact in the case that surprised you? Why?
In November 1942, the Allies launched their first amphibious landing in the Mediterranean. What went wrong with the Operation Torch landings? A. Poor communication among Allied forces B. Troops came ashore in the wrong area. C. Allied troops faced unexpected resistance. D. All of the above Continue through the Italian Campaign gallery to the Air War gallery. Stop at the Prevailing in the Skies information panel and notice the map.
Continue through the gallery into the re-created German bunker. STUDENT GALLERY GUIDE | 11
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CAMPAIGNS OF COURAGE
LIBERATION PAVILION
ROAD TO BERLIN: How the War Was Won
What the War Means Today
American troops making progress through Europe left their mark using the graffiti tag
“KILROY WAS HERE”
along with a drawing of me. Can you spot me on the wall of the bunker? Draw your own version of me. on the left!
Key Facts • The human cost of World War II was enormous, with at least 65 million people dead, including approximately six million Jews murdered in the Holocaust. It remains the deadliest conflict in human history. • Amid efforts to rebuild and restore justice after the war ended, the United States emerged as a global “superpower.” The postwar era in America was one of prosperity, innovation, and social change. • The Cold War between former allies the United States and the Soviet Union raised tensions across the globe for decades after World War II ended. As you enter Liberation Pavilion, stop and notice the portraits and dog tags in the Those Who Served gallery.
TARGET 1: THOSE WHO SERVED Of the 16.4 million Americans who served in the US Armed Forces and Merchant Marine during the war, 414,920 were killed. As you pass the images on the wall, write down the name of a servicemember or merchant mariner to research later.
Head into The Cost of Victory gallery.
TARGET 2: THE COST OF VICTORY TARGET 5: BATTLE OF THE BULGE In the winter of 1944, German forces launched a massive surprise attack on the Allies in the Ardennes Forest. It would be the largest battle ever fought by the US Army. The Battle of the Bulge was Hitler’s:
World War II had a devastating impact on many countries around the world, including the loss of military personnel and civilians, the destruction of property, and those missing in action or physically injured. Explore the gallery and select an artifact that stands out to you. Explain how it symbolizes the losses individuals and communities endured.
A. Winning battle. B. Last gamble. C. First stalemate. D. Favorite battle.
THINK ABOUT IT: Road to Berlin’s final galleries show the devastation the war caused throughout Germany. What different emotions might German civilians have felt when the war ended?
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Continue into the next gallery, which explores the Holocaust. Stop in the re-creation of the Secret Annex. STUDENT GALLERY GUIDE | 13
LIBERATION PAVILION What the War Means Today
LIBERATION PAVILION What the War Means Today
E D U C A T I O N
TARGET 3: “AND THEN THEY CAME FOR ME” While in hiding during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, a young Jewish girl named Anne Frank penned what has become the world’s most famous diary. On October 29, 1943, she wrote:
I wander from room to room, climb up and down the stairs and feel like a songbird whose wings have been ripped off and who keeps hurling itself against the bars of its dark cage. “Let me out, where there’s fresh air and laughter!”
TARGET 5: RESTORING JUSTICE: WAR CRIMES TRIALS The Nuremburg and Tokyo Trials held Japanese and German leaders accountable for war crimes committed during World War II. After reading the information panels in this gallery, consider the difficulties of justice in wartime and discuss with a partner one of the following questions: A. Do you think it was fair to put these Axis leaders on trial for their actions during World War II? Why or why not? B. The goals of the Nuremburg and Tokyo Trials were to bring war criminals to justice. Do you think this goal was achieved? Why or why not? C. In what ways did these trials contribute to laws and human rights? Do you think their impact is still relevant today?
Explore this room and reflect upon the above quote. How do Anne’s words reflect the experiences of those who lived under oppression during the Holocaust?
Continue to the Prosperity and Change gallery. Stop and notice the photos along the walls of the Social Change section.
TARGET 6: PROSPERITY AND CHANGE: SOCIAL CHANGE Continue through the Faith in Wartime gallery until you reach The Monuments Men and Women gallery.
TARGET 4: THE MONUMENTS MEN AND WOMEN
Achieving Allied dominance in the skies over Europe was key in defeating Nazi Germany. Use the map and timeline to fill in the blanks in the following statements.
1951
MISSIN
G
The Allied Monuments Men and Women were a special group that worked to protect and recover cultural treasures from Nazi looting. Stop in the art gallery room and use the touchscreens to identify a work of art that is still missing today. ND Sketch it out on the right. FOU
1964
1968
President Harry S. Truman meets
President Lyndon B. Johnson shakes the hand
In 1968,
with servicewomen regarding the
of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at the signing of
became the first African American
newly created
the 1964
wo m an to be elected to the
in the White House in 1951.
.
US Congress.
ARTWORK: ARTIST: YEAR STOLEN: ARTWORK: MADONNA OF BRUGES ARTIST: MICHELANGELO YEAR STOLEN: 1944 YEAR RETURNED: 1945
FOU
ND
ARTWORK: LADY WITH AN ERMINE ARTIST: LEONARDO DA VINCI YEAR STOLEN: 1939 YEAR RETURNED: 1946 Head upstairs to Liberation Pavilion’s second floor, where you’ll find the Restoring Justice gallery.
Within the Prosperity and Change gallery, find the Transforming Technologies section.
LIBERATION PAVILION What the War Means Today
US FREEDOM PAVILION:
THE BOEING CENTER
E D U C A T I O N
TARGET 7: PROSPERITY AND CHANGE: TRANSFORMING TECHNOLOGIES
Key Facts
Many of the scientific, technological, and medical advancements made during World War II have shaped the world we live in. Use the touchscreens to explore WWII innovations. Which wartime technological advancement did NOT contribute to the modern-day cellphone?
• During World War II, American manufacturers produced a staggering 300,000 aircraft. Among them was the famed B-17 Flying Fortress.
A. Radar B. Handie-Talkie C. V-2 Rocket C. Colossus Machine
• The Medal of Honor is the United States’ highest military award, given to recognize actions of incredible valor or self-sacrifice. There are 472 Medal of Honor Recipients from World War II.
What transformative technology from World War II do you use today?
As you enter the Pavilion, notice the macro-artifacts all around you—tanks, jeeps, airplanes.
TARGET 1: VEHICLES OF WAR These vehicles were part of America’s wartime air, land, and naval power used in important campaigns across the globe. Select one of the vehicles on the ground level that stands out to you and use its information panel to answer the following questions. What are some of this vehicle’s unique qualities?
How did this vehicle help the Allies achieve victory in World War II?
Head up the stairs to the second-floor gallery.
TARGET 2: LABORDE SERVICES GALLERY All branches of the US Armed Forces worked together to secure victory in World War II. Examine the display cases of each service branch. Discuss with a partner how these wartime uniforms, stories, and casualty statistics help you understand the sacrifices made by servicemembers.
THINK ABOUT IT: How can learning about World War II help us make better choices today?
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Continue to the third-floor catwalk to get a better view of the gallery’s six soaring planes.
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US FREEDOM PAVILION:
JOHN E. KUSHNER RESTORATION PAVILION
THE BOEING CENTER
STEM INNOVATION GALLERY
TARGET 3: BUSH AVIATION GALLERY African American pilots and crews were trained at a segregated air base in Tuskegee, Alabama. Find the plane flown by a Tuskegee Airman and use the information panel to answer the following questions. HINT: The Tuskegee Airmen were also known as the “Red Tails” because of the red markings on their planes. What model is the plane? What is its maximum speed? Notice the markings on the plane. Sketch one that stands out to you.
Key Facts • World War II spurred a tremendous amount of technological innovation in the pursuit of victory. • Countries on both sides of the war turned to scientists, mathematicians, and engineers to develop more powerful weapons, new manufacturing methods, and life-saving medicines and techniques. As you enter the Pavilion, look for the battlefield ambulance on display..
TARGET 1: DODGE WC-9 AMBULANCE: A LIFE-SAVING DESIGN During World War II, science, technology, engineering, and math were used to solve many of the challenges faced by Allied troops. Use the information panel to fill in the blanks in the following statements. Science and technology led to many destructive created new ways to save lives.
during World War II, but they also
, the liquid part of blood, was found to reduce circulatory shock, a life-threatening condition brought on by heavy blood loss. , a bacteria-killing substance produced in large amounts only after 1943, greatly reduced amputations and deaths from infected wounds. By transporting wounded men quickly to field hospitals, US Army ambulances dramatically soldiers’ chances of survival. At the center of the Pavilion is the Museum’s patrol torpedo boat. Continue past the stairs to the information panel about PT-305.
TARGET 2: PT-305: “USS SUDDEN JERK” Built in New Orleans by Higgins Industries, PT boats played an essential role in America’s military campaigns around the world. What was NOT a capability of PT-305? A. Amphibious landings B. Patrolling enemy coastlines C. Launching attacks on enemy shipping D. None of the above
Head up the stairs to PT-305’s observation deck. STUDENT GALLERY GUIDE | 19
JOHN E. KUSHNER RESTORATION PAVILION
WARTIME PERSPECTIVES
STEM INNOVATION GALLERY
Their Story; Your Connection to History
TARGET 3: PT-305 OBSERVATION DECK PT-305 served in Mediterranean waters from 1944 to the end of the war. Explore the boat’s observation deck. Discuss with a partner what life aboard might have been like for servicemembers.
THINK ABOUT IT: How did the war affect this person’s life? What might you have done if put in their shoes? How do their stories relate to your life today?
Scan the QR code to learn more about these members of the WWII generation.
Charlotte Lebovic Weiss HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR
Charlotte Lebovic Weiss was born in 1924 to a Jewish family in Teresva, Czechoslovakia. She had four sisters and a younger brother. After their town was invaded by Nazi-aligned Hungarian soldiers in 1938, Charlotte was no longer allowed to go to school with her peers. All of the Jews in her town were forced to identify themselves with yellow Star of David patches on their shoulders. As the war escalated, life became even more difficult, and members of Charlotte’s family were taken away and never heard from again.
Barney Old Coyote US ARMY AIR FORCES
Barney Old Coyote was born April 10, 1923, on the Crow Reservation in Montana. As one of eight children, he learned at an early age to speak Crow and English. His grandfather, Old Coyote, was a well-known Crow Indian who fought alongside the US Army and was wounded at the Battle of the Rosebud, a prelude to the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Barney and his brother, Henry, joined the US military just after Pearl Harbor—the first Native Americans from Montana to enlist following the attack.
Jimmie Kanaya US ARMY
Kilroy illustration in an oversized life preserver here.
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Jimmie Kanaya was born in Clackamas, Oregon, in 1920 to Japanese immigrants. Food was scarce, so they ate what they harvested from farming. In late 1936, the family moved into town, and his father sold produce. With war looming and many of his friends going into the military, Jimmie joined the US Army in April 1941 at age 20. He wanted to be an airplane mechanic but was assigned as a medic to Hoff General Hospital in Santa Barbara, California. After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, his family was forced from their home and sent to an incarceration camp in Idaho. STUDENT GALLERY GUIDE | 21
Marvin Perrett US COAST GUARD
Marvin Perrett was born in 1925 to a wounded WWI veteran and his childhood sweetheart in New Orleans, Louisiana. He attended Warren Easton High School in New Orleans, the oldest public high school in the city. The morning before he turned 18, Perrett went to the US Coast Guard recruiting office. After being sworn in that same evening, he was on a train bound for boot camp in St. Augustine, Florida.
William Lansford US MARINE CORPS
William Lansford was born in Los Angeles, California, on July 13, 1922, to a Caucasian father and Mexican mother who divorced when he was six months old. He and his brother were raised by their grandmother in a Spanish-speaking household in East Los Angeles. Lansford didn’t speak English well until he was 14 years old. After dropping out of high school at 16, he joined the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). Too small to enlist in the US Navy, he joined the Marine Corps in October 1940. His high school ROTC and CCC experience meant he was ahead of most of the other recruits at boot camp. Lansford hoped to be assigned to “exotic” duty somewhere like China but ended up in Iceland for 10 months until Pearl Harbor was attacked.
Louis Taix US MERCHANT MARINE
When Louis Taix was a young boy, his parents emigrated from France to New Orleans, where his younger siblings were born. Taix wanted adventure and to see the world while earning a paycheck to help his family, so he joined the US Merchant Marine. He served as the Chief Radio Operator aboard the SS Nicarao, which transported fruit from the Caribbean to the United States.
Harold Ward US NAVY
Harold Ward was born on April 21, 1921, in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He spent his childhood living with different relatives in his large family. School was difficult at times for Harold, and like many kids, he had to grow up fast. During the summers, he worked washing dishes at a restaurant on the Atlantic City Boardwalk, earning just one dollar a day. When he turned 18, Harold saw a new opportunity and the chance to change his life for the better, so he joined the US Navy.
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ce n ie er p x E m u e s u M ur o Relive Y ! y il m a F le o h W e th h wit is a great place for all to The National WWII Museum n, learn what life was like experience history hands-o understand how the war during World War II, and in today. shaped the world we live
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