Clustearth, The right to a quality shelter

clustearth

SOS STUDENTS

MCA TEAM

Martina Cappellini Letizia Garbolino Maria Vittoria Gubbiotti Evanthia Ierodiakonou

Mario Cucinella Lorenzo Porcelli Valentina Torrente Lori Zillante

The Right to Quality Shelter

SOS STUDENTS Martina Cappellini Letizia Garbolino Maria Vittoria Gubbiotti Evanthia Ierodiakonou

MCA TEAM Mario Cucinella Lorenzo Porcelli Valentina Torrente Lori Zillante

01 02 03 04

Cupa Perillo site analysis design and environmental strategies cell - tissue - organism

concept and design

addressing vulnerabilities design and construction optimization

3D printing oportunities

migrations settlements in italy

Roma history and ilifestyle

right to quality shelter Roma community in Europe

introduction

01 02 03 04

concept and design

3D printing oportunities

Roma history and ilifestyle

right to quality shelter Roma community in Europe

introduction

Which are the most vulnerable categories lacking the right to a quality shelter?

Global vulnerable categories 4M ASYLUM SEEKERS

4.1 M

ASYLUM SEEKER

26 26.4 M M

REFUGEES REFUGEES

55 M

4.1 M

ASYLUM SEEKER

55 M

1.9 B REFUGEES

INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE

26.4 M 26.4REFUGEES M REFUGEES

26.4 M

INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE

55 M 55 M INTERNAL DISPLACED INTERNAL PEOPLE DISPLACED PEOPLE

150 M

HOMELESS PEOPLE

PEOPLE IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

55 M

INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE

150 M HOMELESS

150 M HOMELESS

1.9 B PEOPLE IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

150 M 150HOMELESS M

1.9 B

PEOPLE IN INFORM SETTLEME

HOMELESS

55 M

Sources: Homeless World Cup Fundation (Website): https://homelessworldcup.org/homelessness-statistics/ OHCHR (Website): https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing INTERNAL UNHCR (2020) DISPLACED PEOPLE

150 M

1.9 B 1.9 PEOPLE B

IN INFORMAL PEOPLE

Informal settlements what is an informal settlement a residential area where inhabitants often have no security of tenure for the land with a lack of basic services, city infrastructure, planning and building regulations

who lives in informal settlements dwellers range from members of ethnic minorities to victims of the financial crisis

26.4 M REFUGEES

55 M INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE

150 M HOMELESS

Sources: Homeless World Cup Fundation (Website): https://homelessworldcup.org/homelessness-statistics/ OHCHR (Website): https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing UNHCR (2020)

1.9 B PEOPLE

The largest vulnerable category

1.9 B

30 M

26.4 M REFUGEES

55 M

6.5 K

INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE

150 M HOMELESS

Sources: Amnesty International (2013) Homeless World Cup Fundation (Website): https://homelessworldcup.org/homelessness-statistics/ OHCHR (Website): https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing UNHCR (2020)

1.9 B PEOPLE

The largest vulnerable category people in informal settlements ethnic minorities victims of the financial crisis Roma people largest ethnic minority in Europe Roma = ‘umbrella term’ including several subgroups (Rom, Sinti, Kalé, Romanichels, Boyash, Manush, Ashkali, Egyptians, Yenish, Travellers, Dom, Lom) Originally nomads, they moved from Northern India to Europe since the 9th Century

30 M The Roma flag

12 M Sources: Amnesty International (2013)

sky travel earth

What is the situation about Roma people in europe?

Situation of Roma settlements in Europe

migrations almost 12 million Roma have fled to EU due to discrimination and poverty policies numerous EU investments (€243 billions in 2014-2020) aiming at integration and support have failed

legal barriers Roma people living in illegally-built slums face discrimination, fear eviction at any time and most times lack eligibility for social housing.

social barriers

Sources: Amnesty International (2013) Open Online (2015)

one in four EU citizens feel uncomfortable to have Roma people as neighbours

Numbers of Roma people in Europe and Italy segregation

integregation

“Il paese dei campi” “The country of the camps” European Roma Rights Center (2000),

50K

225K

10K 120K

14K 7K

3K

3K

14K 5K 3K

400K 700K

Sources: European Roma Rights Center (2000) Il Sole 24 Ore (2015) Open Online (2015)

180K 4K

Roma settlements in Italy

informal settlements (48% of people) • in the suburbs of large urban areas • close to highways, railways, parks, dumps • lacking electricity, fresh water, sewage • self-constructed shelters

formal settlements (36% of people) • outside the urban fabric • fenced and patroled areas • provided with electricity, fresh water, sewage • caravan, container, shelters

semi-formal settlements (16% of people) • tolerated settlements: gradual breakdown of the services • institutionalized settlements: gradual introduction of the services

Sources: Associazione 21 luglio Onlus (2019)

“Il paese dei campi” “The country of the camps” European Roma Rights Center (2000),

Roma settlements in Italy: large urban areas

Roma people in formal settlements around 12.700 people in the whole country Milan ~ 200 people in big informal settlements

Roma people in small informal settlements The urban areas of Rome and Milan have the highest amount of informal settlements Roma people in large (> 100 living units) informal settlements

Rome ~ 100 people in big informal settlements

Naples ~ 900 people in big informal settlements

Sources: Associazione 21 luglio Onlus (2019), (2021) Il Sole 24 Ore (2015)

The biggest informal settlements are in Campania region Around 7.300 people live in situations of informality (both small and large settlements)

Naples Scampia Barra Gianturco Torre del Greco

Afragola

Casoria

Torre Annunziata

Temporary / permanent lifestyle in the settlements

stable / permanent 9% precarious

78% 13%

temporary / seasonal

formal settlement

semi-formal settlement

informal settlement

Sources: Cittalia, Unar; Anci (2016) Associazione 21 Luglio Onlus (2021)

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Roma inadequate housing in 1991 CESCR defined the parameters for adequate housing

location

habitability

in 2013 Amnesty International reported the inadequate living conditions in Roma settlements in Italy

availability of services

Mon Tue Wed MonThu Tue Fri Mon WedSat Tue ThuSun Wed Fri MonThu Sat TueFri Sun Wed Mon SatThu Mon Tue SunFri Tue WedSat Wed Thu Mon Sun Thu Fri Tue Fri Sat Mon WedSat Sun Tue ThuSun Wed Fri MonThu Sat TueFri Sun Wed Mon SatThu Tue SunFriWedSatThuSunFri

m

2k

m

2k

m

2k

m

2k

2 km away from the closest public transport

cultural adequacy

segregation

Sat

Sun

m

2k

5,3 sqm of indoor living area available for each person

Sources: Amnesty International (2013) UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) (1991)

Access to drinking water 3 hours 3 days a week

Patrolling or cameras monitoring 24 hours every day

Nomadic context for people with a stable lifestyle

01 02 03 04

concept and design

3D printing oportunities

migrations settlements in italy

Roma history and ilifestyle

introduction

When and why have Roma migrated to Italy?

The time-line Roma migrations to Italy The deveolpment of the Roma migrations towards italy and their allocations 40-50.000 people

Eastern Europe, Nazi Germany crisis of the first post-war period.

Escape from Nazi persecution

25.000 people

3° WAVE ethnic cleaning economic crisis

15,000 Xoraxané, Dasikane, Lautari Roma Bosnia, Serbia and Macedonia End of peaceful interethnic coexistence.

Bosniac war in 1992 and the Kosovo conflict at the end of the century.

30-40.000 people (new5° EUWAVE members)

economic crisis

originally from India

1° WAVE Ottoman persecutions

8-11 000 harvati, kalderasha, istrian and slovenian roms. Sinti communities

40-50 000 Communities identified as "gens cingara"divited in Rom and Sinti German and austrian territories.

Groups coming from Greece Directed to Rome in order to obtain the papal indulgence. escape persecution by the Ottomans

8-11.000 people

2°Nazi WAVE

persecutions

Sources: https://www.21luglio.org/2019/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/periferie-lontane.pdf Associazione 21 Luglio Onlus (2019) Libro Leti, Rom e Sinti d’Europa Piasere, L. (2004) Spinelli, S. (2012), (2016)

25,000 Xoraxané, Dasikane Roma Former Yugoslavia, Poland, Algeria Economic crisis caused by the financial reform promoted by Tito.

Victims of "ethnic cleaning."

15.000 people

Yugoslav wars 4° WAVE

30-40 000 Lautari, Keramidare, Ceramizari Roma Bulgaria, Romania End of the Ceausescu regime and severe economic crisis, discrimination. Entering of Romania in the EU

The time-line Italian policies about Roma settlements The deveolpment of the Roma migrations towards italy and their allocations 15,000 Xoraxané, Dasikane, Lautari Roma

8-11 000 harvati, kalderasha, istrian and slovenian roms. Sinti communities

40-50.000 people

1° WAVE

25.000 people

persecution and discrimination

ethnic cleaning economic crisis

8-11.000 people

segregation 25,000 Xoraxané, Dasikane Roma in the camps

crisis of the first post-war period.

Escape from Nazi persecution

3° WAVE

Bosnia, Serbia and Macedonia

lack of a long-term strategy

End of peaceful interethnic coexistence.

Bosniac war in 1992 and the Kosovo conflict at the end of the century.

30-40.000 people

5°EUWAVE (new members) economic crisis

originally from India

Ottoman persecutions

Eastern Europe, Nazi Germany

rooted fear 40-50 000 Communities identified as ofcingara"divited “nomads” "gens in Rom and Sinti German and austrian territories.

Groups coming from Greece Directed to Rome in order to obtain the papal indulgence. escape persecution by the Ottomans

Nazi

2° WAVE persecutions

Sources: Amnestyhttps://www.21luglio.org/2019/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/periferie-lontane.pdf International (2013) Libro Leti, Rom e Sinti d’Europa Associazione 21 Luglio Onlus (2019) Spinelli, S. (2012), (2016)

Former Yugoslavia, Poland, Algeria Economic crisis caused by the financial reform promoted by Tito.

Victims of "ethnic cleaning."

15.000 people

Yugoslav wars

4° WAVE

emergency 30-40 000 Lautari, Keramidare, policies Ceramizari Roma Bulgaria, Romania become a trap End of the Ceausescu regime and severe economic crisis, discrimination. Entering of Romania in the EU

What do the Roma camps look like?

at

The “country of the camps” 40.000 square meters

Turin Lungo Stura Lazio camp informal settlement since 2000 40.000 sqm City of Turin

Sun

2.000

location

habitability

Mon Tue Wed Thu

0,5 km away from the closest grocery shop

6 to 8 people living in a self-constructed shack or a caravan

Sources: Il paese dei campi (Website): https://www.ilpaesedeicampi.it/ La versione di Jean (Website): https://laversionedijean.it/ Torino Today (2012)

availability of services

Fri

SatMon Sun Tue Wed Thu

segregation

FriMon Mon SatTueSun Tue Wed Wed ThuThuFri FriSatMon SatSun Mon Tue SunTue WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu

2 km away from the closest source of drinking water

Fri

SatMon SunTue Wed Thu

1 gate to access the self-contained community

cultural adequacy

Fri

Sat

Sun

self-organized common areas for gatherings or worship

at

The “country of the camps” 40.000 square meters

Rome Muratella camp tolerated settlement since 2000 15.800 sqm City of Turin

Sun

location

800

habitability

Mon Tue Wed Thu

2,3 km away from the closest grocery shop

6 to 8 people living in a container (several were destroyed by fires)

Sources: Associazione 21 Luglio Onlus (2019) Il Paese dei Campi (Website): https://www.ilpaesedeicampi.it/ Roma Today (2020)

availability of services

Fri

SatMon Sun Tue Wed Thu

segregation

FriMon Mon SatTueSun Tue Wed Wed ThuThuFri FriSatMon SatSun Mon Tue SunTue WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu

lack of mainenance in the water and electricity systems

Fri

SatMon SunTue Wed Thu

24 h/day video surveillance

cultural adequacy

Fri

Sat

Sun

3 groups of different culture with different living habits

at

The “country of the camps” 40.000 square meters

Naples (Scampia) Cupa Perillo camp informal settlement since 1985 50.000 sqm City of Turin

Sun

location

400

habitability

Mon Tue Wed Thu

1 km away from the closest grocery shop

6 to 8 people living in a self-constructed shack

availability of services

Fri

SatMon Sun Tue Wed Thu

FriMon Mon SatTueSun Tue Wed Wed ThuThuFri FriSatMon SatSun Mon Tue SunTue WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu

abusive connection to water and electricity grid lack of waste disposal

Sources: Commissione Igiene e Sanità del Senato (2017) Il Paese dei Campi (2022) Saudino, F. (2016)

segregation

Fri

SatMon SunTue Wed Thu

400+ hours of patrolling during summer 2017

cultural adequacy

Fri

Sat

Sun

none of the 200 minors was enrolled to high school

01 02 03 04

concept and design

addressing vulnerabilities design and construction optimization

3D printing oportunities

Roma community in Italy

introduction

How can 3D printing turn the Roma settlements vulnerabilities into opportunities?

From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu

location

habitability

Fri Fri

Sat

Sun

Mon Sat Sun Tue Wed Thu

Mon Tue Wed Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun

Fri Mon SatMon Tue SunTue WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu

availability of services

Fri

SatMon SunTue Wed Thu

segregation

Fri

Sat

Sun

cultural adequacy

decontextualized unpleasant faraway City of Turin

Sources: ARUP (2018)

connect to local

boost beauty

use and integrate local material, resources, knowledge

outdoor equipment: faster production, less material

From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu

location

habitability

Fri

Sat

Sun

Fri

Sat

Sun

Mon Tue Wed Thu

MonMon Tue Tue WedWed Thu Thu Fri Fri SatMon Sat SunTue Sun Wed Thu

availability of services

Fri

Sat

Sun

FriMonSat Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu

Fri

SatMon SunTue Wed Thu

segregation

Fri

Sat

Sun

cultural adequacy

poor quality environment inadequate materials limited space City of Turin

Sources: Iaac (Freitas, B. and Shivapuram, N.) (2021)

‘additive’ modularity

circularity of materials

optimization of the printing phase and possibility to upgrade

recycle and upcycle materials to enhance their properties

From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu

location

habitability

Fri Mon Sat Tue Sun Wed Thu

Fri

Fri

Sat Mon Sun Tue Wed Thu

Sat

Sun

Mon Tue Wed Thu

Fri MonMon Sat TueTue Sun WedWed ThuThu Fri FriSat Sat Sun Mon SunTue Wed Thu

availability of services

Fri

Sat

Sun

FriMonSat TueSun Wed Thu

Fri

SatMon SunTue Wed Thu

segregation

Fri

Sat

Sun

cultural adequacy

no water no electricity no sewage City of Turin

Sources: Iaac (Foroughi, A. et al.) (2019) Mario Cucinella Architects (2021)

less energy

services integration

optimization of the printing phase and possibility to upgrade

recycle and upcycle materials to enhance their properties

From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu

location

Fri Mon Sat Tue Sun Wed Thu

habitability

Fri

Fri

Mon Sat Mon Sun Tue Tue WedWed Thu Thu Fri Fri Mon Sat Sat Tue Sun Sun Wed Thu

availability of services

Sat Fri

Sun

Mon Tue Wed Thu

Mon Sat Sun Tue Mon Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat Fri Sun Sat

Sun

Fri

Sat

Sun

Mon Tue Wed Thu

segregation fenced settlements surveillance no infrastructure

City of Turin

equipped buffer zone furnish the areas surrounding the settlement with 3D printed sports and leisure facilities

Sources: ARUP (2018) Erlacher, G. (2015)

Fri

Sat

Sun

cultural adequacy

From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu

location

habitability

Fri Mon Sat Tue Sun Wed Thu

Fri

Fri

Sat

Mon Sat Mon Sun Tue Tue WedWed Thu Thu Fri Fri Mon SatMon Sat Tue SunTue Sun WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun TueSun Wed Thu

availability of services

Sun Fri

Mon Tue Wed Thu SatMon SunTue Wed Thu

Fri

Sat

Fri

Sat

Sun

Sun

segregation

cultural adequacy specific housing features community needs school dropout

City of Turin

participatory design

self construction

getting to know the community for understanding their needs and aspirations

3D printed modules can be set up to integrate self-constructed elements

Sources: Elemental Chile (Website): https://www.elementalchile.cl/en/ Iaac (Freitas, B., Shivapuram, N.) (2021)

What is the impact of 3D printing on design and construction processes?

Comparing cunstruction technologies 40.000 square meters

on site

off site

3D printing

shape achievability

time-effective construction cost-effective construction

scalable / reproducible

traditional

TE CH N

preciseness + shape adjustability

Y OG OL

EC O

low-complexity design

MY O N

City of Turin

variables

SO C

integration of crafting techniques Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Mario Cucinella Architects (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020)

minimized injuries

T EN NM

job training opportunities (build, maintain)

EN V IR O

TY IE

research-based assumptions

recycling materials

limit building phases

resources saving (life cycle)

Comparing cunstruction technologies 40.000 square meters

on site

off site

3D printing

shape achievability

time-effective construction cost-effective construction

scalable / reproducible

traditional

TE CH N

preciseness + shape adjustability

Y OG OL

EC O

low-complexity design

MY O N

City of Turin

variables

SO C

integration of crafting techniques Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020) Zaha Hadid Architects (2021)

minimized injuries

T EN NM

job training opportunities (build, maintain)

EN V IR O

TY IE

research-based assumptions

recycling materials

limit building phases

resources saving (life cycle)

Comparing cunstruction technologies 40.000 square meters

on site

off site

3D printing

shape achievability

time-effective construction cost-effective construction

scalable / reproducible

traditional

TE CH N

preciseness + shape adjustability

Y OG OL

EC O

low-complexity design

MY O N

City of Turin

variables

SO C

integration of crafting techniques

Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020)

minimized injuries

T EN NM

job training opportunities (build, maintain)

EN V IR O

TY IE

research-based assumptions

recycling materials

limit building phases

resources saving (life cycle)

Comparing cunstruction technologies 40.000 square meters

on site

off site

3D printing

shape achievability

time-effective construction cost-effective construction

scalable / reproducible

traditional

TE CH N

preciseness + shape adjustability

Y OG OL

EC O

low-complexity design

MY O N

City of Turin

variables

SO C

integration of crafting techniques

Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020)

minimized injuries

T EN NM

job training opportunities (build, maintain)

EN V IR O

TY IE

research-based assumptions

recycling materials

limit building phases

resources saving (life cycle)

Comparing cunstruction technologies

EC O

TY IE

TE CH N

EN VI RO

EN VI RO

SO C

T EN NM

TY IE

MY NO

T EN NM

TE CH N

Y OG OL

MY NO

Y OG OL

EC O

3D printing 40.000 square meters

SO C

T EN NM

TY IE

EC O

TY IE

SO C

traditional

TE CH N

T EN NM

MY NO

EN VI RO

EN VI RO

SO C

Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020)

TE CH N

Y OG OL

MY NO

Y OG OL

EC O

on site

off site

City of Turin

01 02 03 04

Cupa Perillo site analysis design and environmental strategies cell - tissue - organism

concept and design

3D printing oportunities

Roma community in Italy

introduction

What are the living conditions in Cupa Perillo camp?

Site location Cupa Perillo camp

Melito di Napoli Mugnano di Napoli

1.5 km from Cupa Perillo camp Napoli (Scampia)

20 minutes walking

highway

Sources: Google Earth (Website): https://www.google.it/intl/it/earth/

Site location Cupa Perillo camp

cultivated land industrial areas low-density urban fabric high-density urban fabic Restart Scampia project

Sources: Comune di Napoli (Website): https://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/36385 Google Earth (Website): https://www.google.it/intl/it/earth/

Site visit outputs

Site visit outputs

family composition

400 people on average a family consists of 10 people

Site visit outputs

ethnicities & religions

macedonian muslims + christians orthodox

Site visit outputs

house layout

one floor houses for living attached to the ground

Site visit outputs

orchards

Site visit outputs

urban mining

Site visit outputs

craftsmanship

Site visit outputs

‘il luogo che vorrei’

Site visit outputs

the poor housing quality makes the camp difficult to inhabit

summer discomfort

Site visit outputs

rain & flood

Site visit outputs

radical changes may annoy the other people living in Scampia

gradual beauty

Which are the design strategies for an innovative settlement?

Design strategies

village

urban area

EU goals equality inclusion participation self-sufficient village integrated in the context

Design strategies

temperature

humidity

wind

rain Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA

Winter Nov-Apr

Summer May-Oct

Average temperature: 10.6 °C

Average temperature: 20.4 °C

Design strategies

temperature

humidity

wind

rain Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA

Winter Nov-Apr

Summer May-Oct

Average humidity: 75,7%

Average humidity: 72,6%

Design strategies

temperature

humidity

wind

rain Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA Windfinder (Website): https://it.windfinder.com/

Summer wind May-Oct

Winter wind Nov-Apr

Average wind speed: 22.2 kts

Average wind speed: 24.3 kts

Main direction: S

Main direction: NE

Settlement strategies TEMPERATURE

Design strategies

RADIATION

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

WIND

SOCIAL AND FAMILY ORGANIZATION

CLIMATE

temperature

November (most rainfall): 36% - 180 mm July (less rainfall): 8% - 50 mm

humidity

wind

rain Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA

PRECIPITATION

Design strategies

thermal mass local material rainwater harvesting

Design strategies

extended family community craft and building skills

The concept

‘Il luogo che vorrei’ The concept design

LUOGO CHE VORREI” idea 1 “ILtheir

living

In the case of an extended units inthanks a circular layout family to the patio we can enhance the social aspect between relatives whos houses face the central green space but still keeping a connection with the community

CONCEPT circular building 2 THEIR

through the translation of it allows spacious interiors their for concept into architectural space the design still but seems pretty segregated without any connection with it avoids a permeable use of world outside

the central area

INCLUSIVE DESIGN inclusive design 3 AN By breaking the circle we

breaking circle for people allowthe the circulation of people and air.

At the same time and air circulationwe obtain pieces which can be

combined blocks to meet social the curved canand be enviromental needs. combined in many ways

Configurations The configurations

PATIO the patio 1 THE

In the case of an extended an extended family shares family thanks to the patio wea can enhance the social central green space aspect between relatives whos housesup facetowards the central the patio opens green space but still keeping a the community connection with the community

theDOUBLE doublePATIO” patio 2 “THE

In the case two extended the extended family cluster is families want to live close to each other we provide an expanded easy interconnection between two patios. are moreand twothe patios are We visually at a community scale.

physically connected

SNAKE snake 3 THE the In the case a family aggregation of smaller prefers a private patio, families semi-private this iswith obtained by the patios shape of the unit itself, but they still have the interaction with the rest of the community

le

The module

linear walls allow for integration of construction development by the community create standardized spaces inside

an harmonious shape connects with the circular patio concept and suits 3d printing

Environmental strategies

elevation above ground ABOVE ABOVE THETHE 2 ELEVATION 2 ELEVATION GROUND GROUND allows for wind permeability Raising Raising the the addresses themodule mudmodule problem above above the ground the ground caused by rainhelpshelps the wind the wind permeability permeability whilewhile addressing addressing the the mudmud problem problem caused caused by by rain. rain.

natural ventilation ENHANCING NATURAL NATURAL 3 ENHANCING 3enhancing VENTILATION VENTILATION the narrow section fosters cross The The narrow narrow shape shape of the of the ventlation building allows cross cross thebuilding roof isallows detached from the ventlation ventlation and a double anatural double ceiling toand increases roof roof increases increases natural natural ventilation ventilation. ventilation.

The The inverted inverted pitched pitched roof roof is also is also a cona conctruction ctruction tipology tipology which which is not is far notfrom far from whatwhat theythey are used are used to build to build

Environmental strategies

roof overhang 1 OVERHANGS

two flaps of theon roof the roofThe provides shade and provide shade around the around the module module and have different

the overhand dependswith on the lenght according the buildingorientation orientationofthe the seasonal building and sun the sun pathpath during the seasons in order to reduce the discomfort especially in summer

rainwater harvesting HARVESTING 2 THE WATER

The of theroof two slopes theinclination inverted pitch channels towards a common direction the rainwater allows the recovery and the potenwater is then stored tial storage and treated reuse of and rainwater domestic uses for all thefor domestic uses creating a water circularity system

Eco-strategies

Environmental strategies Eco-strategies

summer solstice 21st June - 12 pm 72,5°

photovoltaic panels

ventilated roof

25,7°

winter solstice 21st December - 12 pm

orchards water treatment

grey water water storage tank

wetland orchards

wetland

Urban mining

metal sheet roof

metal sheet roof

3D printed wall

3D printed wall

free surface

3D printed module

free surfaces

self-construction

outer walls are made of 3d printed layers (inner - outer - ‘backbone’)

3d printing is interrupted in some parts for leaving space to customization

each family can decide to expand the house connecting self-built elements

Urban mining The Arrangements

ROOF-BASE COMPOSTION 2roof composition

By connecting the roofs and the platform of two or more modules connecting the roofs of two or a open but covered space is more modules open created, an this way we covered meet the need of the roma people space is created loving stay outside.

BUFFER ZONES 3 THE buffer zones The spaces between the modules could be modules closed spaces between the through light structures can be enclosed through light (wooden brisoleil...) to structures to reduce summer reduce the summer and winter thermaland discomfort discomfort also provide a more private space when needed

shape achievability

time-effective construction

cost-effective construction Urban mining INTING

scalable / reproducible

3d scanning

TY IE

EC O

preciseness + shape adjustability

EN VI RO

job training opportunities (building, maintenance)

TE CH N Y OG OL

MY NO

T EN NM

low-complexity design

SO C

ON SITE

integration of crafting techniques

materials recyclability

limited n° of building phases

minimized injuries

resources saving (full life cycle)

shape achievability organic shapes material recyclability urban mining: 3d scan urban mining: aggregates from crashed material integration of crafting techniques partial self-construction job training opportunities higher skilled employments

self-construction

Bio-inspiration: from the unit to the village

the organism

the tissue

the cell

Bio-inspiration

the organism

the tissue

the cell

Module

Sunpath and cumulative radiation winter solstice sunpath

summer solstice sunpath

21st December 12 pm

21st June 12 pm

25.7°

72.5°

cumulative radiation

2 kWh/m kwh/m²

<1.00

< 1.0

15.50

30.00< 30.0 <

annual analysis

Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ kwh/m² epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA <1.00

15.50

30.00<

<1.00

15.50

summer analysis kwh/m² 30.00<

winter analysis

Radiation analysis: standard module

kwh/m²

solar radiation mapping annual analysis

average value: 471,6 kWh/m2

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0

Radiation analysis: roof addition

kwh/m² 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 0

kwh/m²

solar radiation mapping annual analysis

average value: 390,9 kWh/m2 -17,1% kwh/m² 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 0

1000 1000 900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 100 0 0

Radiation analysis: modules aggregation

kwh/m² 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 0

kwh/m²

solar radiation mapping annual analysis

average value: 371,6 kWh/m2 -21,2% kwh/m² 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 0

1000 1000 900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 100 0 0

Daylight analysis: standard module DF > 2%

0

BENCHMARK

%001

100%

0%

0

100% of the surface > 2%

100%

0

0.7%

2%

>2%

0% 0,7% 2% >2%

daylight factor ratio of internal illuminance at the point of interest, to illuminance from unobstructed sky

0

%2>

0

%2

%7.0

0

6,4% 100% 100%

0

0.7% 0 0.7% 2%

2% >2% >2%

Daylight analysis: roof addition DF > 2%

0

BENCHMARK

%001

100%

0%

0

100% of the surface > 2%

100%

0

0.7%

2%

>2%

0% 0,7% 2% >2%

daylight factor ratio of internal illuminance at the point of interest, to illuminance from unobstructed sky

0

%2>

0

%2

%7.0

0

5,9% 100% 100%

0

0.7% 0 0.7% 2%

2% >2% >2%

DF >2%DF >2%

Daylight analysis: modules aggregation DF > 2%

0

BENCHMARK

%001

100%

0%

0

100% 91% 91% of the of the of the surface surface surface 0 0.7% 2% >2% >>2% 2% >2% 0% 0,7% 2% >2%

100%

daylight factor ratio of internal illuminance at the point of interest, to illuminance from unobstructed sky

00

%2>

0

%2

%7.0

0

5,3% 100% 100% 100%

0

0.7% 2% >2% 00 0.7% 0.7% 2% 2%

>2% >2%

DF >2%DF >2%

Daylight analysis: participatory process DF > 2%

0

BENCHMARK

%001

100%

0%

0

91% 91% of the of the of the surface surface surface 0 0.7% 2% >2% >>2% 2% >2% 0% 0,7% 2% >2%

100%

daylight factor ratio of internal illuminance at the point of interest, to illuminance from unobstructed sky

00

%2>

0

%2

%7.0

0

4,5% 100% 100% 100%

0

0.7% 2% >2% 00 0.7% 0.7% 2% 2%

>2% >2%

Daylight analysis: standard module UDLI > 50%

0

BENCHMARK

%001

100%

0%

useful daylight illuminance percentage of time during the active occupancy hours that the test points receives between 100 and 2000 lux

0

7,9% UDLI < 100 lux

%2>

%2

%7.0

Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 0 100% epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA

50,6% 100 lux < UDLI < 2000 lux

41,5% UDLI > 2000 lux

Daylight analysis: roof addition UDLI > 50%

0

BENCHMARK

%001

100%

0%

useful daylight illuminance percentage of time during the active occupancy hours that the test points receives between 100 and 2000 lux

0

8,1% UDLI < 100 lux

%2>

%2

%7.0

Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 0 100% epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA

57,3% 100 lux < UDLI < 2000 lux

34,5% UDLI > 2000 lux

Daylight analysis: modules aggregation UDLI > 50%

0

BENCHMARK

%001

100%

0%

useful daylight illuminance percentage of time during the active occupancy hours that the test points receives between 100 and 2000 lux

0

8,5% UDLI < 100 lux

%2>

%2

%7.0

Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 00 100% 100% epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA

68,4% 100 lux < UDLI < 2000 lux

23,2% UDLI > 2000 lux

Daylight analysis: participatory process UDLI > 50%

0

BENCHMARK

%001

100%

0%

useful daylight illuminance percentage of time during the active occupancy hours that the test points receives between 100 and 2000 lux

0

2,4% UDLI < 100 lux

%2>

%2

%7.0

Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 0 100% epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA

85,6% 100 lux < UDLI < 2000 lux

12,0% UDLI > 2000 lux

Concept strategies Concept strategies

prevaling wind

buffer zone internal gains

customization thermal mass cross ventilation

flexible space

living area sleeping area services

Concept strategies Concept strategies

3

Concept strategies 5

7 5

3

7,40 m2 18,50 m2 30,40 m2

31,50

22,80 m2

living area sleeping area services

living area sleeping area services

Concept strategies Concept strategies

Concept strategies 5

3

7 5

3 7,40 m2

7,40 m2

7,40 m2 7,40 m2 18,50 m2

18,50 m2

30,40 m2

18,50 m2 18,50 m22 31,5 m

31,50 m2 30,40 m2

31,50

22,80 m2 22,80 m2

40,50 m2

Concept strategies

Concept living area

56,3 m2

sleeping area

3 18,8 m2

services 5 3

strategies

80,2 m2

97,4 m2 75 3 13,9 m2

16,0 m2

7,40 m2

Concept strategies

7,407,40 m2 m2

living area sleeping area services 2 2 7,40 7,40 m 7,40 m m2

Walls and ceiling external ceiling covering non-woven fabric

waterproof layer recycled plastic membrane

thermal and acoustic insulation cotton fiber layer

ceiling secondary structure wooden panels and beams

3D printed sleeper beam fiber reinforced concrete

The strategies urban-mined element

water harvesting

wooden door

3d printed wall soil-based design mix

1 OVERHANGS

The two flaps of the roof provide shade around the module and have different

Roof

inverted pitched roof corrugated metal sheet 0,6 mm thick

roof structure scaffolding tubes main structure Ø 75 mm secondary structure Ø 50 mm

rain harvesting gutter metal profile

The strategies

roof vertical structure circular section steel pillars Ø 75 mm

water harvesting

1 OVERHANGS

The two flaps of the roof provide shade around the module and have different

the organism

the tissue

the cell

Cluster

Cluster

self-constructed element 3D printed wall

Cluster evolution

today

in 5 years

in 20 years

Study model

Study model

the organism

the tissue

the cell

Masterplan

Masterplan evergreen trees agriculture craftsmanship food market

education events area

residential area

playground health

sports

decidous trees

Public facilities

Construction process

Environmental strategies

Construction process

Construction process

Bio-inspiration

the cell is reproduced, shifted, rotated, streched to obtain different kinds of tissue

Urban mining Waste management

sun-shading systems can be 3d-printed using a plastic mix coming from waste

outdoor equipment and furniture can be produced on site to minimize transport

3d printing mix

the printing mix used for the walls is soil-based and retrieved locally

3d printing infill

the inner structure of the walls depends on the need for thermal mass or thermal insulation

Participatory construction

community empowerment through the engagement from design to construction

cluster

made of

earth

cluster earth

clustearth

clustearth

clustearth

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clustearth

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