6.11COMPARATIVE STUDY

on the stream and enhance scenic quality whereas accounting for projected lowlying rise.

Link riverfront destinations. Water-based transit and a continuous pedestrian passageway area unit important to maintaining public access on the stream. different boundary settings need different passageway treatments.

Avoid real and perceived barriers that prohibit pedestrian movement and public access to the watercourse. Even public waterfronts with slim riverside setbacks connected non-public backyards and patios will create the perception of a personal territory and encroaching.

wherever attainable, promote public access on non-public and institutional lands adjacent the riverfront. Large institutional facilities (e.g., hospitals, schools, and workplace complexes) on the city district oft hinder public stream access. private property homeowners and establishments usually profit once their land is connected to intensive path systems.

6.11COMPARATIVE STUDY-

parameter Fashion street Dadar market Dilli hatt Urban hatt Belapur

zoning The entire market caters to fashion clothing and accessories, it is specialized market The market has a zoning of clothes, food stalls, vegetable stalls, etc. Separate zones provided for traditional clothes, handicrafts, accessories, food courts, etc. Different zones for different activities have been in cooperated

Vehicular movement

The shops are provided parallel to the road. Limited vehicular movement as near the entrance of the railway station Planned vehicular movement with provision for ring road access to the Access directly from the road

market

parking No parking facilities provided No provision for parking as it is a busy street. Underground parking facilities Provision for parking provided at the entrance of the hatt

Storage facilities

Visual merchandising

Less space for storage as the shops are of small size Storage capacity is limited Due to the nature of market storage is not required for every shops Storage facility are provided at the back of the structure.

The shops are open and is an important tool to attract people Enough scope for the owners to arrange their displays to attract people It is the core of the market as the people get attracted with it The shops are aligned in such a way to attract the people

lighting No special lighting, only use of natural light

displays The shops are displayed in a linear way

Energy conservation

Sunlight plays an important role and is the major source Energy consumption is limited as shops have to pay their bills Along with natural light soar energy is also used Natural light is used more which plays an important role in energy consumption

Natural light and artificial light used Combination of natural and artificial light amalgamation of both lighting

The shops are aligned along the pathway Display of shops in a zone and linear way which shows connectivity and complete visual The shops are aligned along the landscape and pathways which connect the people

Planning philosophy

The market is created by the vendors The space is planned so that there are no unwanted movements

vistas Great vistas where there is a road and planning along it Good visual connectivity with the help of pathways All the activities are planned keeping the tradition and the concept in mind Activities are plan along the contour which brings the whole area as one

It brings the outside in with easy visual connectivity Good visual connection as planned according along the contour

Table 1 comparative study table of case studies

Classes No development zone for any type of industries Only green category of industries with pollution control devices. Only orange category of industries with pollution control devices. Any type of industries (red, orange, green) with pollution control devices

A-i 3 km on the either side of river From 3 km to 8 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side From 3 km to 8 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side Beyond 8 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side.

A-ii 1/2 km on the either side of river.

A-iii 1/2 km on the either side of river

A-iv 1/2 km on the either side of river From 1/2 km to 1 km from (h.f.l.) on either side From 1 km to 2 km from (h.f.l.) on either side Beyond 2 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side.

From 1/2 km to 1 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side From 1/2 km to 1 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side Beyond 1 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side.

From 1/2 to 1 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side From 1/2 to 1 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side Beyond 1 km from river (h.f.l.) High flood line on either side.

Midc with cetp 1/2 km on the either side of river From 1/2 km to 3/4 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side From 1/2 km to 3/4 km from river (h.f.l.) on either side Beyond 3/4 from river (h.f.l.) on either side.

Table 2 river regulation bylaws

7.1-RIVER REGULATION ZONE

The original 2000 policy was modified through a government resolution (gr) 2009 wherein non-polluting industries were allowed in no development zone and some activities like hotels, resorts, etc. Were allowed in a1 stretch of the river. It laid guidelines about treating all domestic waste by local bodies and that the stps should be located 100 mts away from the flood line, while solid waste management facility had to be sited 500 mts away from the flood line for municipal corporations.

The 2009 gr also set up a rrz committee with secretaries of departments like environment, industry, urban development, water resources, Maharashtra pollution control board, etc., with director, env department as the member secretary. Maharashtra is the first State in the country to have such a policy and this was seen as a progressive step in the otherwise depressing scene of water management in Maharashtra.

Draft river conservation zone (regulation of harmful activities) rules, 2012 mankind originated and prospered in river valleys. Rivers are unique and dynamic ecosystems.

They have provided key ecological, social, religious and economic services to mankind for ages, but many of these are now compromised due to threats resulting from a number of human activities. These activities can be broadly categorized as being ‘polluting’ of river water and land; ‘destructive’ of river morphology or its biota; ‘extractive’ of river’s living and non living components and ‘drying’ of river systems. A number of orders issued by various courts have drawn the attention of the government to the plight of the rivers and their dependent people. United nations of which India is a party has on 26 July 2010 resolved unanimously to declare “right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right”. Healthy rivers, it may be recalled, are essential to a realization of the said obligation by India as a party to the un this notification deriving its statutory mandate from section 3, 5 and 6 of the environment (protection) act, 1986 seeks to regulate such activities that are found to be

incompatible with maintaining the health of the river systems as dynamic and life sustaining entities.

It is thus proposed to frame rules to regulate harmful activities in and around the rivers. Exceptions: traditional farming practices, fisheries, boating, ‘non invasive’ religious and cultural activities shall not be impacted by these rules.

Categorizations of river stretches category I stretch (pristine / protected) shall include stretches (including tributaries) in ecologically sensitive and fragile watersheds, areas of pristine/outstanding beauty, heritage sites, areas rich in genetic diversity or otherwise important for rare and endangered species. This will also include the stretches of rivers within national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves or similarly protected areas.

Category ii stretch (urbanized) shall include stretches of rivers (including their tributaries), with or without embankments, in designated urban areas where infrastructure facilities in form of roads, buildings (residential, commercial, recreational), temples, Ghats etc exist.

category iii stretch (rural) shall include stretches of rivers (including their tributaries) in suburban and rural areas, with or without embankments, where infrastructure development if any is moderate and the land is primarily under natural vegetation, forestry, agriculture and grazing. Lateral zonation of river banks “active flood plain” as defined by high flood line (h.f.l) which in entrenched /embanked stretches of a river stretch shall be the available space (including the river channel/s) in the valley of entrenched stretch or between two embankments or between existing roads on either side along a river acting as an embankment.

in other stretches of the river h.f.l / active flood plain shall be the 100 year flood line. No development zone: the competent authority shall determine a ndz on either bank for each river which shall not be less than the “active flood plain” of the river. High & medium impact zones: the competent authority shall identify and designate suitable distance/s, from the ndz, on either bank keeping local topographical conditions in mind, to be called as high impact and medium impact zones (hiz and miz). In plains where river topography is relatively flat, these distances shall not be less than 1 and 3 km respectively from the ndz.

Regulations: sitting of industries and other polluting influences note: industries as well as polluting activities like land fill, dumping of municipal and other solid (including construction debris) and liquid wastes, disposal of hazardous substances etc shall be colour coded based upon their pollution potential as being red (highly polluting); orange (medium polluting) and green (low polluting). All red industries/activities with pollution control measures shall be permitted by the competent authority for sitting only beyond the medium impact zone. Orange industries/activities with pollution control measures could be permitted by the competent authority for sitting within the medium impact zone. Green industries/activities with pollution control measures could be permitted by the competent authority for sitting within high impact zone removal of sand and gravel from the river beds permissions for removal of sand and gravel from the river bed in category iii stretches only shall be given on the basis of the guidelines as prescribed by the moef and upheld by the hon’ble supreme court in February 2012. The competent authority may consider permission for removal of sand and gravel from the river bed in category ii stretches after a prior environmental impact assessment study constructions of permanent nature no permanent construction of residential, industrial, commercial, recreational and public semipublic (psp) nature shall be permitted within no development zones, ndz of river stretches i, ii and iii and also the high impact zones, hiz of river stretch i. Exceptions: existing constructions in any zones shall not be affected by these rules unless a change in use or expansion or reconstruction is being carried out. Similarly, construction of ‘true’ bridges (from one bank to another) over the river shall not attract the provision of these rules. Note: in particular following public facilities shall not be permitted in active flood plain/ndz: • hospitals, nursing homes, and housing likely to have occupants who may not be sufficiently mobile to avoid injury or death during a flood • police stations, fire stations, vehicle and equipment storage facilities, and emergency operations centres that are needed for flood response activities before, during, and after a flood • structures or facilities that produce, use, or store highly volatile, inflammable, explosive, toxic, and/or water-reactive materials; • public semi-public facilities like sewage and water treatment plants (stp/wtp); power plants and stations; bus depot; metro stations/depot etc which form the life line infrastructures for any city extraction of ground water commercial extraction of ground water by non government / private

agencies shall not be permitted with in ndz in any category of the river. Competent authority the ministry of environment and forests shall designate the state environment impact assessment (seiaa) agency or the state pollution control board (spcb) to act as the competent authority for the implementation of these rules. Note: in cases where a river stretches forms either interstate boundary or international boundary, it shall be the moef that shall act as the competent authority for the implementation of these rules. Violation any violation of these rules shall be deemed to be violation of the environment (protection) act 1986 and punishable accordingly.

7.2-RIVER REGULATION ZONE NASHIK

Figure 87 river flood line map

7.2.0BACKGROUND

Major ecosystem challenges faced by almost all the Indian Rivers are encroachment; wastewater disposal; solid waste disposal, ingress of fertilizers/ pesticides as runoff. These inputs temporarily vary due to festive celebrations, seasons and human development activities. The intent therefore, in formulating these guidelines is to encourage an ecosystem-based development approach that not only takes into consideration the environmental impacts of urbanization

but also ensures enhancement of the river’s inherent eco-service providing potential. The development paradigm for a city on the banks of a river needs a different way of use of river and respect for its functionality.

7.2.1OBJECTIVES

The issues and / or objectives expected to be addressed through the application of these directives

are as follows:

Environmental aspects of urbanization - Increase in pollution loads in the River

Prevention of risks due to flooding

Appropriate zoning of land-use and other development activities within and in proximity of the floodplain.

Prevention of aquifer contamination.

Make river a system which sustains humans and other ecosystems.

The Outcome is expected to be a tool to assist in formulating advice to planning authorities on development rules or future vision of the city.

7.2.3FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING

DEFINING THE "FLOODPLAIN" AND RELATED TERMS

The floodway is the channel of a river or stream and the overbank areas that must remain open to carry the deeper, faster moving water during a flood. No development is permissible in the Floodway zone.

The floodway fringe is the adjoining area which also has the probability of inundation in case of heavy rains. It could have restricted land-use permissibility and development based along flood protection guidelines such as not to obstruct flood flows.

An “encroachment” is any floodplain development that could obstruct flood flows, such as fill, a bridge, or a building. The floodway and the flood fringe together comprise the 100-year floodplain.

Figure 88 flood plane

7.2.4ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF GODAVARI RIVER

"A floodplain or flood plain is an area of land adjacent to a stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge. “It is the area of lowlying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and susceptible to inundation by the 100year flood as indicated in The Floodplain inclusive of the ecological buffer to the development beyond must be the Administratively Regulated area with stringent development guidelines and monitoring thereof.

The floodplain as delineated on GIS maps and as illustrated in the figure above, is not a symmetrical area around River but would follow the site features. Therefore, the proposed development needs to be assessed at site to ensure there would be no encroachment. The relationship between recurrence interval and probability of area under inundation, though not accurate is estimable. In addition to the 100 yr. floodplain delineation, 10yr, 20 yr...50yr flood lines.

Figure 89 flood plain depicting flood line

7.2.5CHANCE OF FLOOD OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS

7.2.6PLANNING GUIDELINES & DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS

7.2.7ECOLOGICALLY DEFINED STREAM CHANNEL (AT NORMAL WATER SURFACE ELEVATION)

Natural systems such as streams have been formed and have evolved over thousands of years in direct relationship to the surrounding topography, soil type