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We have a vision of o world where no infant, child or adolescent suffers illness and where research guarantees the best health for all young people
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Our mission is to conduct research of the highest quality in every aspect of child health, to ensure the best quality of life for oil children Our scientific and clinical research is integrated with community health, education and ethics We will apply the outcomes of new information technology and the human genome project to maximise improvements in health
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We will strive to be the pre-eminent child health research institute in the world
Healthier kids. Healthier future.
Patron
Director
Dame Elisabeth Murdoch AC DBE
Professor Robert Williamson FRS FAA
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Our People
I
Student Profiies
32
Chairman & Director's Report
6
Biotechnoiogy & Commerciaiisation
34
Ceii & Matrix Bioiogy
56
Services Victoria
Board of Directors
9
Grants & Awards
35
Moiecuiar Deveiopment
57
Executive Committee
76
Board Committees
10
Patron Dame Eiisabeth Murdoch
11
Supporters & Coiiaborators
12
Keeping Children Healthy
Organisationai Chart
13
CEBU, Eariy Determinants of Heaith
Research Group Leaders
14
Community Chiid Heaith
Executive Committee
15
internationai Chiid Heaith
Management Report
16
Adoiescent Heaith
43
Staff List
18
Pubiic Heaith & Genetics
44
Our Research
A Healthier Future
Genetic Health
Embryoiogy
58
Director's Report
77
Craniofaciai Sciences
59
Ciinicai Services
78
Microbioiogy & infectious Diseases
60
Laboratory Services
80
Gastroenteroiogy & Ciinicai Nutrition
61
Education, Training &
81
41
Surgicai Research
62
Research
42
Hormone Research
63
Staff List
82
Pituitary Research, Staph & Strep
64 Publications
83
Financial Report
93
Our Supporters
112
40
Genetics and New Technology Highlights of 2001
Life Saving Research
Genetic Education
66
Year in Review
24
Cancer Research
46
Ethics
67
Stem Cells
26
Neonatal Care
47
Ceil & Gene Therapy
68
Research Highlights
28
Cardiology, VIBeS
48
Dermal Therapeutics
69
Mini Chromosomes'
Asthma, Allergy & Immune Disorders
49
Cancer Genomics
70
Haemscreen
Child Development & Rehabilitation
50
Chromosome Research
71
Childhood Obesity
Orthopaedics - Hugh Williamson
51
Gene Identification & Expression
72
Cerebral Palsy
Gait Analysis Service
Gene Discovery
73
j ii Premature Babies
Nursing Research, Paediatric Anaesthesia
52
Mitochondrial Research
74
Neurosciences
53
Psychological Development
54
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Liver Cell Bank
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
5
Chairman & Director's Report Our second year as the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute saw the benefits of our merger in 2000 really begin to flow. We were awarded many new grants, appointed new staff and attracted many new supporters. In close collaboration with our Royal Children's Hospital and University of Melbourne colleagues, we worked hard to ensure that the Murdoch Childrens retains the highest respect of the world of child health research. Securing Our Future Increased resources were directed to improving our
Our grant income has more than doubled since the
We have received some funding from the Victorian
skills in preparing grant applications, to ensure a better
merger, with the Institute now receiving around $16
Government Science, Technology and Innovation
success rate than in the past. As a direct result, our
million per annum in competitive funding. This is a
Initiative and from the Commonwealth, as well as
staff
grants
strong confirmation that we are producing work of
from Rotary and Kids with Cancer. Following
commencing in 2002 (eight in 2001), and several
the highest standard, and benchmarking our efforts
approval from both the MCRI and Royal Children's
senior and junior fellowships. We have also
against the best teams in the world. This success has
Flospital boards, we are now seeking additional
encouraged staff to apply overseas, and several have
been across all areas of our research - public health,
support to match these grants to enable the $30
won United States competitive grants in head-to-head
clinical and laboratory, and education and ethics.
million proposal to proceed.
New Research Space
The new space will be adjacent to existing clinical
This success, however welcome, has created a serious
and research facilities, helping to achieve our
space problem as our numbers have grown by 100 to
objective of a fully integrated campus, with
almost 550. Fortunately, an opportunity exists to
research from bench to bedside to community. It
extend research facilities within the existing Royal
will allow us to implement our strategic plan,
Children's Flospital campus. A new building has been
coordinated with that of the Royal Children's
planned which will accommodate priority research
Flospital, to ensure that all of our grants and
needs, including our flourishing Australian Paediatric
donations are used to provide the best research and
Clinical Trials Unit, and also space for much-needed
enable the ongoing pursuit of our mission "to make
integration between research and clinical care in
sick children better".
won
fourteen
NHMRC
project
competition with the best international researchers.
areas such as oncology and cell therapy.
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
6
Research Achievements We urge you to read of the achievements of our
Our unique strengths in ethics, genetic education and
research teams set out on pages 40-74 in this
public health keep the community informed and
report. One example is the great advance in our
provoke public interest and debate in controversial
understanding of cerebral palsy being made
areas like genetic screening, cloning and stem cell
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through the combined efforts of surgeons,
research. We have a particular commitment to offering
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occupational
school-based and GP education, addressing areas like
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therapists,
physiotherapists,
neonatologists and other disciplines.
the need for immunisation, advances in genetics and oa
depression in adolescence.
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Also consider the combined group of geneticists, ethicists, gastroenterologists and education experts
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International Collaboration
offering tests for haemochromatosis under the
MCRI attracts many international visitors each year.
HaemScreen program, with a keynote national
Collaboration today is an essential part of research,
agreement from insurance companies that no
and both the Royal Children's Hospital and MCRI
discrimination will result. Consider the priority-
are particularly active in research partnerships with
driven research in adolescent health, working to
neighbouring countries such as Indonesia, Viet
reduce the burden of addiction among teenagers.
nam and India. We have 100 students taking
Informing Our Community
doctors and scientists will remain our closest friends
MCRI is committed to open communication with all
and collaborators when they return home.
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higher degrees, including many from abroad. These
our stakeholders. We actively promote the importance of research for better treatments, health prevention and health promotion. Our staff also provides expert comment on many issues, especially around genetics, ethics, child and adolescent health. Our higher profile has contributed to increased support for our work.
ANNUAL REPORT 200 1
7
Thank You As a direct result of research, many children enjoy a quality of life that would have been unimaginable twenty years ago. We are indebted to our researchers, the people who make it happen, and we thank them for their dedication over the last year. Finally we would like to thank all our supporters, particularly our Patron, Dame Elisabeth Murdoch, and the Board and Committees, for their generous gifts of time and support, and for their commitment to our vision and success. Protecting Our Discoveries We are increasing our focus on ensuring that Australia benefits from the intellectual property developed as a result of our research. During 2001, one of the successes of our biotechnology commercialisation program was Antisense Therapeutics Ltd, which was successfully listed on
Mr Laurence G Cox AO Chairman
the Australian Stock Exchange. Through a new, forward looking policy of sharing the benefits of new discoveries with our staff, we aim to ensure that applied research continues in our country, rather than moving to the USA or Europe,
Professor Robert Williamson FRS FAA Director
as so often happened in the past.
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
8
Board of Directors Directors bring to the Board a diverse range of expertise across business and finance, health and research. The Board provides direction and evaluates the Institute's performance.
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a.
Mr Laurence G Cox AO - Chairman
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b.
Mr WH Hodgson - Deputy Chairman
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c.
Dr Kathy Alexander
d.
Mr Martin Armstrong
e.
Mr Peter Bartels (from December 2001)
f.
Mrs Janet Calvert-Jones AM
g.
Associate Professor Anthony Dart
h.
Ms Jane Fenton
i.
Mr Peter Griffin
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Mrs Judy Paterson
k.
Professor Richard Smallwood AO
l.
Professor Geoff Tregear
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Professor Robert Williamson FRS FAA
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Board Resignations Ms Helen Davison (October 2001) Professor Kerin O'Dea (October 2001) Professor David Penington AC (December 2001) Professor Peter Smith (October 2001)
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
9
Board Committees Investment Committee
Research Advisory Committee
Career Grant Committee
Honorary Fellows
Mr Peter Griffin - Chairman
Professor Geoff Tregear - Chairman
Professor Graham Brown - Chairman
Professor Jim Camakaris
Mr Charles Abbott
Professor Glenn Bowes
Professor Glenn Bowes
Professor Dick Cotton
Mr Laurence Cox AO
Ms Anne Cronin
Professor Andy Choo
Professor John Hopper
Mr David Craig
Dr Peter Dargaville
Ms Anne Cronin
Professor Ed Janus
Mrs Patricia Cross
Associate Professor Elizabeth Elliott
Professor John Hutson
Professor Ismail Kola
Mr Josef Czyzewski
Professor Christopher Fairley
Dr Nicky Kilpatrick
Professor Julian Mercer
Mr Simon Dighton
Professor Mary-Jane Gething
Professor John Mills
Professor Terry Nolan
Mr Ian Miller
Professor Nick Hoogenraad
Dr Paul Monagle
Professor Roger Short
Professor John Hopper
Professor George Patton
A/Professor Each de Crespigny
Professor Frank Oberklaid
Associate Professor Susan Sawyer
Dr Michael Aldred
Professor George Patton
Professor Robert Williamson FRS FAA
Dr Jane Burns
Mr John Nickson Mr Ian Veal
Dr Simon Foote
Audit & Finance Committee
Professor Sheena Reilly
Mr WH Hodgson - Chairman
Associate Professor Susan Sawyer
Trainee Research Scholarships
Dr Susan Forrest
Mr Martin Armstrong
Associate Professor Andrew Sinclair
Professor Geoff Tregear - Chairman
Dr Nick Hoogenraad
Mr Laurence Cox AO
Associate Professor Euan Wallace
Associate Professor Vicki Anderson
Dr David Mackey
Mr David Craig
Professor Robert Williamson FRS FAA
Dr Alex Auldist
Dr George Rudy
Professor Graeme Barnes
Ms Anne Cronin Occupational Health & Safety
Professor John Bateman
Commercialisation/IP Committee
Marisa Fielding - Chairman
Professor Glenn Bowes
Professor Geoff Tregear - Chairman
Andrea Bigham
Ms Anne Cronin
Mr Martin Armstrong
Jamie Fitzgerald
Ms Jane Miller
Ms Linda Berry
Alana Gardiner
Dr Margot Nash
Ms Anne Cronin
Wendy Hutchison
Professor Terry Nolan
Mr Bob Moses
Robyn McNeil
Professor Sheena Reilly
Mr George Raitt
Suzanne Nadjovska
Professor Peter Smith
Frances Oppedisano
Professor Robert Williamson FRS FAA
Janet Shaw Helen Wilmore
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
10
Patron Dame Elisabeth Murdoch AC DBE Dame Elisabeth Murdoch is an astute and passionate philanthropist with a firm commitment to the health and welfare of children. For more than 65 years. Dame Elisabeth has enjoyed a close association with the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia. She was President of the Hospital from 1954 to 1965 and founded the Murdoch Institute in 1984.
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o Throughout 2001, our Patron Dame Elisabeth Murdoch continued to demonstrate her commitment to our vision and success. She was President of the Hospital from 1954 to 1965 and has supported the Murdoch Institute since its formation in 1986. Dame Elisabeth's entire family has an outstanding commitment to the Institute, and a long history of
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support. Her grandchildren hosted and supported several special events in 2001, including the Shelley Beach Classic and YAFFA Ball. Daughter Janet CalvertJones and granddaughter Judy Paterson continued to serve as Directors of the Board. Our Ambassador Sarah O'Hare was instrumental in raising the profile of MCRI in the community.
Patron Dame Elisabeth Murdoch with Chairman Laurence G Cox
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
11
Supporters & Collaborators Our research achievements would not have been possible without the shared vision and support of the Royal Children's Hospital. The Good Friday Appeal, which raised more than $7.5 million in 2001, supports our research programs to ensure the best possible quality of life for all children and their families.
other major supporters include the University of Melbourne, the Federal Government through the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and other departments, and the Victorian Government through the Department of Human Services and VicHealth. Many charitable foundations generously support our research - the Jack Brockoff Foundation, Miller Foundation, Helen Macpherson Smith Trust, Scobie and Claire Mackinnon Trust, Pratt Foundation, Beyondblue, Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation, and many others contributed in 2001. International funding continued to increase, with major support coming from the National Institutes of Health (USA), Wellcome Trust (UK) and Muscular Dystrophy Association (USA).
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
12
Organisational Chart I
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The Board Chairman Laurence Cox AO
Director Professor Robert Wiiiiamson FRS FAA
Operations Associate Director Anne Cronin
Laboratory Research Associate Director Professor John Bateman
Public Health Research Associate Directors Professor Frank Oberkiaid Professor George Patton
Members
-- Executive Committee I
Administration
T Cancer Genomics T
Ciinical Research Associate Directors Professor FI Kerr Graham Professor John Flutson
Building & Scientific Services
Cell & Gene Therapy T
Board Committees
|
Research Advisory Committee
[
Stakeholders Bioinformatics
T
|
Cell & Matrix Biology T Chromosome Research J
T
Design Services
Dermal Therapeutics
T
Commercialisation
Embryology Financial Services Gene Discovery Grants Management Gene Identification & Expression
Fluman Resources & Industrial Relations
Support Services
1 Microbiology & Infectious Diseases I Mitochondrial Research ]
Strategy Associate Director Professor Andy Choo
Ethics Professor Julian Savulescu
Adoiescent Fleaith Community Child Health
Cancer Research T Cardiology Child Development & Rehabilitation
Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics Early Determinants of Fleaith International Child Fleaith
Craniofacial Sciences
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|
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Public Fleaith & Genetics Gastroenterology & Clinical Nutrition Neonatal Care
Flormone Research I Information Technology
Asthma, Aliergy & immune Disorders
Neurosciences Nursing & Allied Health | Orthopaedics Hugh Williamson Gait Laboratory
Molecular Development | Pituitary Diseases
Paediatric Anaesthesia
Surgical Research
Paediatric Drugs Psychological Development
Genetic Education Dr Sylvia Metcalfe
Pubiic Relations Dr Narelle Curtis
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
13
Executive Committee The Executive Committee comprises the Chairman, Director and seven Associate Directors of the MCRI. a.
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a. Professor John Bateman Associate Director, Laboratory Research
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b. Professor Andy Choo Associate Director, Strategy c. Mr Laurence Cox AO MCRI Chairman
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d. Ms Anne Cronin Associate Director, Operations e. Professor H Kerr Graham Associate Director, Clinical Research f. Professor John Hutson Associate Director, Clinical Research g. Professor Frank Oberklaid Associate Director, Public Health Research h. Professor George Patton Associate Director, Public Health Research i. Professor Robert Williamson MCRI Director Professor Glenn Bowes Representing Royal Children's Hospital Associate Professor Susan Sawyer Representing Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne
ANNUAL REPORT 200 1
15
Management Report Administration and Support Services had an excellent year, expanding and introducing a number of new initiatives. Operational support staff grew as the demand for their services increased - staff on the institute payroll increased by almost 100, and the number and value of external grants almost tripled over the year 2001. MCRI also has almost 100 associates who use operational services. We are looking forward to our move early in 2002 to the new Administration and Communication Centre on the 9th floor of the main building.
Financial Services
Public Relations & Communications
Viren Abeyasinghe and a staff of six have had a
The PR team worked hard in 2001 to develop a strong
busy year as the operational budget grew to just
new corporate identity and culture, and successfully
over $30 million in line with the expansion of the
implemented policy guidelines relating to all
Institute. Particular achievements included the
communications and marketing. A highlight was the
streamlining of monthly income and expenditure
website redevelopment, which created a user-friendly
statements for Research Group Leaders and the
resource for all our stakeholders. A dramatic increase
establishment of infrastructure budgets. Fully
in media coverage was achieved in 2001, raising
computerised receipting and payment modules
community awareness and support - Narelle Curtis
were established through the accounting system to
worked closely with our Ambassador Sarah O'Hare to
allow for the expanded pathology services of
promote MCRI to a wider audience. Open Day
Genetic Health, in addition to an automated patient
successfully engaged the community in our research
billing and follow up system. These initiatives have
and the team also hosted countless dinners, lunches,
led to an increase in recovery of outstanding
seminars and tours for representatives of government,
accounts and improved the Institute's cash flow.
the media, foundations and private donors.
Grants Management
Human Resources & Industrial Relations
Julia Malone plays a vital role in our strategy to enhance
Particular achievements of an extremely busy year
and maximise the success of all grant applications.
(130 new staff were added to the MCRI payroll)
During the year, she helped establish a mentor system
included the implementation of a new staff
for peer review of grants prior to submission to external
Orientation Program and the introduction of an
granting bodies. This was instrumental in the excellent
intranet service for the submission of standard HR
results obtained in competing for NHMRC grants.
and Payroll forms electronically. Staff welcomed the
Another new initiative in 2001 was the introduction of
establishment of a Gender Equity Committee,
the COS Funding Opportunities Database, providing
coordinated by Human Resources Officer Nicki Carr,
information on grants worldwide.
which developed a questionnaire to ascertain staff needs and assist in the formulation of future policies.
Chief Operating Officer Ms Anne Cronin cronin@cryptic.rch.ijnimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
200 1
16
a.
b.
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Information Technology
Design Services
The twin highlights of the year were the launch of
Our design team had another busy year preparing
our new internet web site, an important interface
posters and presentations for scientific meetings.
to the community, and our intranet which delivers
They helped to develop the new, well-received
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many important services to staff. These services
corporate identity for Genetic Health Services
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include online journal access, an internal contact
Victoria, and produced very effective public displays
database, order forms online to the purchasing
for the MCRI Open Day.
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department and grant application forms. As the
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Institute
has
expanded,
we
have
needed
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Support Services
substantive reorganisation of research groupings on
Demand for Tissue Culture Laboratory services
the MCRI servers, and expansion of our computer
continued to rise, as many researchers moved
hardware and software register. During the year, a
increasingly to the use of cell cultures in their
strategy for implementing this
projects. Plans for expansion should reduce the
project was
developed and the process commenced.
great strain on these facilities. Our team of 12 technical assistants provided essential support to
Building & Scientific Services
the research undertaken in the Institute in 2001.
The establishment during the year of a Purchasing and Evaluation Committee, with membership from all research groups, has added efficiencies to the process and assisted in getting better deals from 3- Viren Abeyasinghe - Finance Manager
suppliers. Also added to the services available to
A Julia Malone - Grants Officer
staff through the Intranet was a Chemical Register
Dr Narelle Curtis - Public Relations Manager d- Nicki Carr - Human Resources Manager f.
with a risk assessment profile. Two major building redevelopment projects were initiated during
Dr George Teng - Information Technology
the
Barry Holt - Building & Development Manager
Communications Centre and refurbishment of the
9- Kylie Morrell - Executive Assistant
year
-
the
MCRI
Administration
and
Animal Laboratory.
ANNUAL REPORT 200 1
17
Staff List Director
Des Baker - Help Desk Officer
Professor Robert Williamson FRS FAA
Annette Jarry - Technical Assistant
Yvonne Bonomo - PhD Scholar
Matthew Newman - Technical Assistant
Melissa O'Shea - DPsych Scholar
Bioinformatics
Shane Osterfield - Technical Assistant
Cate Beardsley - DPsych Scholar
Dr Katrina Bell - Bioinformatics Officer
Josephine Perez - Technical Assistant
Jennifer Nazareth - PA to Director
Anne Cronin
Human Resources
Adolescent Health
Charmaine Sambathkumar - Administration Officer
Nicki Carr - Human Resources Officer
Professor George Patton - Director
Associate Directors
Debbie Zombolas - Payroll Manager
/VProfessor Susan Sawyer - Deputy Director
Allied Health & Nursing Research
Professor John Bateman - Laboratory Research
Sandra Nield - Payroll Officer
Dr Lyndal Bond - Group Leader
/VProfessor Linda Johnston - Group Leader
Marie-Antoinette van Lunenburg - Payroll Officer
/VProfessor John Toumbourou - Research Fellow
/VProfessor Mary Galea - Senior Researcher
Dr Joanne Williams - Research Fellow
Evelyn Volders - Senior Researcher
Chief Operating Officer/ Associate Director, Operations
Professor John Hutson- Clinical Research Professor H Kerr Graham - Clinical Research Professor George Patton - Public Health Research Professor Frank Oberklaid - Public Health Research Professor Terry Nolan - Public Health Research Professor Andy Choo - Strategy
Professor Alun Jackson - Senior Researcher
Building and Scientific Services
Carolyn Coffey - Senior Research Officer
Helen Shoemark - Senior Researcher
Barry Holt - Building and Development Manager
Dr Lena Sanci - Postdoctoral Fellow
Christine Imms - Senior Researcher
Dr Craig Olsson - Senior Research Officer
Jane Miller - Senior Researcher
Andrew Grimes - Technical Services Manager
Helen Butler - Senior Research Officer
Dr Jane Redden-Hoare - Senior Lecturer
Marisa Fielding - Senior Purchasing Officer/ OH&S Manager
Dr Max Watson - Research Officer
Ally Hutchinson - PhD Scholar
Dr Tracy Evans-Whipp - Research Officer
Beverley Eldridge - PhD Scholar
Dr Elizabeth Gregg - Research Officer
Denise Harrison - Masters Scholar
Finance
Administrative Support
Ian Williams - Research Officer
Bev Copnell - Research Assistant
Viren Abeyasinghe - Finance Manager
Kylie Morrell - Executive Assistant to Director
Cathy Bauld - Research Assistant
Kate Enderby - Research Assistant
Danielle Di Carlo - Accountant
Colleen King - Personal Assistant to COO
Celia Godfrey - Research Assistant
Karen Fitzgerald - Research Assistant
Areta Smith - Accountant
Megan Callanan - Personal Assistant to COO
John Hargreaves - Research Assistant
Nadine Cameron - Research Assistant
Rebecca Harford - Accounts
Shirley D'Cruz - Personal Assistant to AD
Angela Hassett - Research Assistant
Christine Keenan - Patient Accounts
Rachael Lorkin - Administrative Assistant
Sian Lloyd - Research Assistant
Anaesthesia and Pain Management
Neofita Hajigeorgi - Patient Accounts
Vicki Hirt - Receptionist
Karen Rowland - Research Assistant
Dr Chris Bolton - Group Leader
Fiona Keltie - Receptionist
Jackie Clements - Research Assistant
Dr Rob Eyres - Director Anaesthesia
Yuksei Effendi - Research Assistant
Dr Kester Brown - Anaesthetist
Public Relations Dr Narelle Curtis - Public Relations Manager
Graphic Design
Mary Dimovski - Research Assistant
Dr George Chalkiadis - Anaesthetist
Deborah Bugiera - Communications Officer
Voula Boukouvalas - Graphic Designer
Peta Butterfield - Research Assistant
Dr Andrew Davidson - Anaesthetist
Dr Helen Byers - Communications Assistant
Michele Winsor - Photographer/Graphic Artist
Lyndal Thomas - Research Assistant
Dr Geoff Frawley - Anaesthetist
Eileen Cini - Research Assistant
Dr Jeanette Low - Anaesthetist
Grants
Research Support
Sarah Wolfe - Project Manager
Dr Ian McKenzie - Anaesthetist
Julia Malone - Grants Officer
Marjorie Crawford - Technical Officer
Sandy Cahir - Project Officer
Dr Philip Ragg - Anaesthetist
Magdy Sourial - Technical Officer
Peter Roberts - Project Officer
Dr Rod Westhorpe - Anaesthetist
Information Technology
Julianne Aloe - Technical Assistant
Asthma, Allergy and Immune Disorders
George Teng - Manager
Roseanna Bhagwandas - Technical Assistant
Deirdre Gartland - PhD Scholar/Research Assistant
Joe Nuchthapho - Network Officer
Blanche Dekker - Technical Assistant
Jenny Proimos - PhD Scholar
Professor Andrew Kemp - Group Leader
Shilpa Shah - Support Officer
Dino Disint - Technical Assistant
Michele Yeo - PhD Scholar
Dr Mimi Tang - Group Leader
Jason Elliott - Web Administrator
Karen Howden - Technical Assistant
Stephanie Jones - PhD Scholar
Dr David Hill - Group Leader
ANNUAL
REPORT
200 1
T8
Dr Matthew Burton - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Joanne Smart - PhD Scholar Ross McKenzie - PhD Scholar Susie Ymer - Research Assistant Cancer Genomics A/Professor Deon Venter - Group Leader Dr Natalia Yarovaya - Postdoctoral Fellow Toula Bouras - PhD Scholar Gareth Price - Research Assistant Rachael Williams - Research Assistant Alexis Mahoney - Research Assistant Michelle Kirchner - Research Assistant Tiffany Cowie - Research Assistant John Ciciulla - Research Assistant Cancer Research A/Professor M David Ashley - Group Leader Professor Peter Smith - Group Leader Dr Elizabeth Algar - Research Fellow Dr Christine Hawkins - Research Fellow Dr Denise Caruso - Research Fellow Dr Ngaire Elwood - Research Fellow Dr Karin Tiedemann - Head BM Transplant program Dr Simon Bol - Senior Research Officer Dianne Tucker - Senior Medical Scientist Kerrie Jones - Medical Scientist Dr Shehnaaz Manji - Postdoctoral Fellow Melissa Knight - PhD Scholar Anissa Jabbour - PhD Scholar Timothy Hassel - MD Student Christopher Riffkin - Senior Research Assistant Dr Manuela Hancock - Senior Research Assistant Jeanette Ripper - Senior Research Assistant Susan Dickie - Senior Research Assistant Andrea Muscat -Research Assistant Alana Gardiner - Research Assistant
Tracey Lomas - Research Assistant Anna Carison - Research Assistant Fiona Sheilds - Research Nurse Cardiology Dr Dan Penny - Group Leader A/Professor Sam Menahem - Cardiologist Dr Robert Weintraub - Cardiologist Dr Jim Wilkinson - Cardiologist Dr Andrew Davis - Cardiologist Dr TH Goh - Cardiologist Dr Lara Shekerdemian - Cardiac Intensivist Cell and Gene Therapy A/Professor Panos loannou - Group Leader Dr Jim Vadolas - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Karin Sitte - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Mikhail Nefedov - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Joseph Sarsero - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Katie Allen - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Louise Wangerek - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Katarina Ejeskar - Visiting Postdoctoral Fellow Faten Zaibak - PhD Scholar Dr Heidi Peters - PhD Scholar Samuel McLenachan - PhD Scholar Duangporn Jamsai - Visiting PhD Scholar Wah Lee Lai - Advanced Medical Science Student Michelle Lee - Advanced Medial Science Student Stephanie Lammel - Visiting Student Richard deBoer - Visiting Student Daphne Cheah - Research Assistant Tim Holloway - Research Assistant Lingli LI - Research Assistant Hady Wardan - Research Assistant Adele Gibbs - Technical Assistant
Cell and Matrix Biology Professor John Bateman - Group Leader Dr Amanda Fosang - Research Fellow Dr Shireen Lamand^ - Senior Research Officer Dr Jamie Fitzgerald - Senior Research Officer Dr Richard Wilson - Research Officer Dr Fleather Stanton - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Daniele Belluoccio - Postdoctoral Fellow Christopher Poon - PhD Scholar Kylie Patterson - PhD Scholar Naomi Baker - PhD Scholar Justin Allen - PhD Scholar Irma Gresshoff - PhD Scholar Susanna Freddi - Research Assistant Sue Golub - Research Assistant Karena Last - Research Assistant Robyn McNeil - Research Assistant Naomi Barratt - Research Assistant Sharon Rudd - Research Assistant Hulling He - Research Assistant Child Development & Rehabilitation Dr Dinah Reddihough - Director Dr Catherine Marraffa - Deputy Director Dr Christine Olesch - Clinical PhD Scholar Dr Gordon Baikie - Paediatrician Dr Enver Bajraszewski - Paediatrician Dr Bronwyn Catheis - Paediatrician Dr Doug Bryan - Paediatrician Dr Margaret Rowell - Paediatrician Dr Kevin Dunne - Paediatrician Dr Kevin Collins - Neurologist Mala Desai - Research Dentist Elizabeth Ferguson - Research Speech Pathologist Catherine Hazard - Research Nurse Dr Anne Rickards - Research Psychologist Rosiyn Wright-Rossi - Research Early Intervention Teacher Janet Hutchinson - Research Coordinator
Hilary Johnson - Research Speech Pathologist Jane King - Research Assistant Vicki Petrou - Research Assistant Janet Walstab - Research Assistant Anna Lanigan - Research Assistant Sue Reid - Research Assistant Chromosome Research Professor Andy Choo - Group Leader Dr Jeff Craig - Senior Research Officer Dr Paul Kalitsis - Senior Research Officer Dr Richard Saffery - Senior Research Officer Liz Earle - Scientific Officer Dr Kerry Fowler - Scientific Officer Dr Lee Hwa Wong - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Jo Perry - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Karen Bentley - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Michael Theophilos - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr David Amor - PhD Scholar Sarah Chan - PhD Scholar Sara Hassan - PhD Scholar Dr Alka Saxena - PhD Scholar Huseyin Sumer - PhD Scholar Danielle Irvine - PhD Scholar Melissa Bateman - Research Assistant Belinda Griffiths - Research Assistant Mandy Sibson -Research Assistant Angela Stafford - Research Assistant
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Qinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit Professor John Carlin - Director Dr Sue Skull - Deputy Director Dr Ruth Morley - Senior Research Fellow Dr Stephen Lambert - Senior Research Fellow/ PhD Scholar Dr Margaret De Campo - Senior Research Fellow Professor Terry Nolan - Honorary Professorial Fellow Dr Rory Wolfe - Honorary Research Fellow Jacinta O'Sullivan - Study Coordinator
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
19
Suzanna Vidmar - Research Assistant Ning Li - Research Assistant Susan Rogers - Research Assistant Gabrielle Davie - Research Assistant Janina Chapman - Research Assistant Ethna Macken - Research Assistant Noreen Condon - Research Assistant Susan King - Research Assistant Susie Proctor - Research Assistant Liz McGrath - Research Assistant Nyree Pyper - Research Assistant Jan Renehan - Research Assistant Pamela Sinclair - Research Assistant Eleanor Richards - Research Assistant Betty Lim - Research Assistant Samantha Colquhoun - Research Assistant Bernadette McCudden - Research Assistant Jane Nelson - Research Assistant Lee Anne Rothwell - Research Assistant Susie Flopkins - Research Assistant Dale Cooper - Research Assistant Kathleen Lanigan - Research Assistant Loraine Kelpie - Research Assistant Deborah Saunders - Research Assistant Evangeline Valdecantos - Research Assistant Barbara Webb - Research Assistant Dr Yoland Arduca - Research Medical Officer Dr Dianne Brown - Research Medical Officer Dr Thomas Lew - Research Medical Officer Dr Derrick Sim - Research Medical Officer Dr Annette Webb - Research Medical Officer Dr Nicole Rose - Research Medical Officer Dr Jennifer Anderson - Research Medical Officer Dr Shane O'Dea - Research Medical Officer Dr Glenn Howlett - Research Medical Officer Dr Claire Mauer - Research Medical Officer Dr Phil Floffman - Research Medical Officer Dr Loretta Thorn - Research Medical Officer Lyndal Thomas - PhD Scholar Sandra Dickin - Personal Assistant to Director
Community Child Health Professor Frank Oberklaid - Centre Director Dr Melissa Wake - Research Director Dr Elizabeth Waters - Research Director Dr Joanne Williams - Senior Research Fellow Julie Green - Senior Research Officer Dr Anjali Flaikerwal - Research Officer Dr Sharon Goldfeld - PhD Scholar Dr Zoe McCallum - PhD Scholar Kylie Flesketh - PhD Scholar Dr Katie Fleathershaw - MD Scholar Dr Flarriet Fliscock - MD Scholar Jodie Doyle - Field Administrator Kerry Flaynes - Project Officer Jodie Sneddon- Project Officer Susie Flopkins - Research Assistant Naomi Douglas - Research Assistant Melinda Barker - Research Assistant Christa Carey - Research Assistant Susan Gallagher - Research Assistant Bibi Gerner - Research Assistant Zeffie Poulakis - Research Assistant Louisa Salmon - Research Assistant Naomi Paine - Research Assistant Dr Claire Flarris - GP Liaison Director Dr Frederick C Jarman - Research & Education Dr Martin Wright - Paediatrician Craniofacial Sciences Professor Sheena Reilly - Principal Research Fellow Dr Peter Farlie - Senior Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Nicky Kilpatrick - Clinical Research Fellow Caroline Howarth - Masters Student Vanessa Wiliiam - Masters Student Hilary Dent - PhD Scholar Michelle Hermonn - PhD Scholar Julie Reid - PhD Scholar Sue Debney - PhD Scholar
A/Professor Linda Vallino-Napoli - Visiting Research Fellow Dr Debbie Sell - Visiting Fellow Dermal Therapeutics Dr Christopher Wraight - Group Leader Dr Stephanie Edmondson - Postdoctoral Fellow Rhys Fogarty - Research Assistant Susan Thumiger - Research Assistant Professor George Werther - Senior Investigator Dr Paul White - Senior Research Associate Disease Models Dr Kerry Fowler - Group Leader Sophie Gazeas - Technical Officer Anick Sylvain - Technical Assistant Carly Turner - Technical Assistant Julia Broughton - Technical Assistant Nicole Kerr - Technical Assistant Karen Swift - Technical Associate Scott De La Rue - Technical Associate Early Determinants of Health Dr Ruth Morley - Group Leader Jodie Bond - Dietitian Paula Nash - Dietitian Priya Duggal - Research Assistant Noreen Condon - Research Nurse Maggie Flood - Research Midwife Elisabeth Moloney - Research Midwife Janet White - Research Midwife Mary Cook - Psychologist Embryology Dr Donald Newgreen - Group Leader Joseph Minichiello - Research Assistant Gullveig Reed - Research Assistant Natalie Jones - PhD Scholar
Dr Damien Bates - PhD Scholar Samara Lewis - PhD Scholar Justine Peeters - PhD Scholar Sonja McKeown - PhD Scholar Enteric Viruses Professor Graeme Barnes - Senior Principal Research Fellow Professor Ruth Bishop - Senior Principal Research Fellow Dr Carl Kirkwood - Research Fellow Flelen Bugg - Research Assistant Paul Masendycz - Research Assistant Ruth Clark - Technical Assistant Nada Bogdanovic-Sakran - Technical Assistant Ethics Professor Julian Savulescu - Director Dr Lynn Gillam - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr David McCarthy - Postdoctoral Fellow Jan Flodgson - PhD Scholar Ainsley Newson - PhD Scholar Rony Duncan - Honours Student Melanie Hemsiey - UROP Student Merle Spriggs - Administration/Research Assistant Mary Rillstone - Project Coordinator/Research Assistant Jacqueline Doughty - Administrative Assistant Gastroenterology & Clinical Nutrition Dr Anthony Catto-Smith - Group Leader Dr Arnold Smith - Head Gastroenterology Professor Graeme Barnes - Senior Principal Research Fellow Dr Julie Bines - Head Clinical Nutrition Professor Ruth Bishop - Senior Principal Research Fellow Dr Donald Cameron - Gastroenterologist Dr Ralf Heine Gastroenterologist
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
20
Dr Katie Allen - PhD Scholar
Melanie Knight - PhD Scholar/Research Assistant
Dr Mark Harris - Research Fellow/ Endocrinologist
Brian Muller - Research Assistant
Dr George Alex - PhD Scholar Dr Omar Sadaah - Postdoctoral Fellow
Libby Fitzpatrick - Research Assistant
Dr Phillip Bergman - Clinical Research Fellow
Andrea Bigham - PhD Scholar
Dr Anshu Srivastava - Postdoctoral Fellow
Tanya Hatzistavrou - Research Assistant
Dr Elizabeth Northam - Neuropsychologist
Travis Gooding - PhD Scholar
Dr Ka Ming Cheung - Postdoctoral Fellow
Dr Jack Green - MD Scholar
Dr Vincenzo Russo - Research Officer
Larissa Nicholls - PhD Scholar
Nopaorn Phavichitr - Postdoctoral Fellow
Sean Chung - DROP Student
Dr Karen Greenland - Research Officer
Dr Mike Starr - PhD Scholar
Dr Sanguansak Rerksuppaphol - Postdoctoral Fellow
Elizabeth Murchison - DROP Student
Emma White - Research Nurse
Marija Tauschek - PhD Scholar
Tanya O'Byrne - Research Nurse
Louise Taylor - PhD Scholar
Eva Nagy - PhD Scholar
Gene Identification and Expression
Debbie Boyce - Research Nurse
Sharon Tennant - PhD Scholar
Helen Bugg - Research Assistant
/VProfessor Henrik Dahl - Group Leader
Anne Reilly - Research Nurse
Catherine Satzke - PhD Scholar
Fran Justice - Research Assistant
Dr Kirby Siemering - Postdoctoral Fellow
Sue Kantor - Radiographer
Sarah List - PhD Scholar
Paul Masendycz - Research Assistant
Dr Tuomas Klockars - Postdoctoral Fellow
Elizabeth Loughlin - Social Worker
Danielle Marazzato - PhD Scholar
Diane Simpson Nurse - Coordinator/Research Assistant
Dr Sharon Lewis - Helen M. Schutt Trust Fellow
Heather Gilbertson - Dietician
Chris Vassos - Honours Student
Dr Michelle de Silva - Helen M. Schutt Postdoctoral Fellow
David Cossens - PhD Scholar
Lynn Crellin Nurse - Coordinator/Research Assistant
Georgia Giannakis - PhD Scholar
Rosemary Alysandratos - Research Assistant
>j
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Mitochondrial Research
Wendy Hutchison - Scientific Officer
Jenifer Wong - PhD Scholar
Dr David Thorburn - Group Leader
Maria Kamarinos - PhD Scholar
Dr Sylvia Lim-tio - Research Fellow
Dr Renato Salemi - Postdoctoral Fellow
Nada Bogdanovic-Sakran - Technical Assistant
Louise Wangerek - PhD Scholar
Mary Rillstone - Clinical Research Assistant
Denise Kirby - Research Officer/ PhD Scholar
Helen Shalley - Nutrition Nurse Coordinator
Amelia Osborn - Research Assistant
Lakana Kanjankul - Clinical Fellow
Ayan Dasvarma - PhD Scholar
Anne Peace - Departmental Secretary
Kerry Fenwick - Research Assistant Jakub Chojnacki - Honours Student
Dr Shankar Kanumakala - Clinical Endocrine Fellow
Voula Mitsakos - PhD Scholar
Jane Lee - Research Secretary
Therese Kelly - Audiologist
Dr Kisho Kobayashi - Research Fellow
Ruth Clark - Technical Assistant
Genetic Education
Emmanuele Haquet - Visiting Student
Dr Sylvia Metcalfe - Director Education
Erin Oldaker - Research Assistant Ellie Kuhne - Research Assistant Taryn Charles - Research Assistant
International Child Health
Joanne McKie - Technical Assistant
Dr MaryAnne Aitken - Senior Education Officer
Gut Motility
Professor Kim Mulholland - Group Leader
Dr Bridget Southwell - Group Leader
Fiona Cunningham - Senior Education Officer
Dr Michael Stanton- PhD Scholar
Dr Jonathan Carapetis - Senior Medical Researcher
Victoria Hill - Masters Student
Clare Delaney - Technical Assistant
Dr Trevor Duke - Senior Medical Researcher
Dr Craig Smith - NHMRC RD Wright Fellow
Eilis Hughes - Masters Student/ Education Assistant
Madeleine Stephens- Research Assistant
Dr Fiona Russell - Senior Medical Researcher
Dr Helen Wilmore - Postdoctoral Fellow
Lydia Gaffney - Education Assistant
Hormone Research
Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
Dr Katrina Bell - Postdoctoral Fellow
Alexandra Gason - PhD Scholar
Professor Roy Robins-Browne - Group Leader
Dr Bronwyn Morrish - Postdoctoral Fellow
Angela Wallace - Education Officer
Professor George Werther - Principal Research Fellow
A/Professor Paul Johnson - Research Fellow
Kirsty Reed - PhD Scholar
Gene Discovery
/VProfessor Garry Warne - Senior Research Fellow
Dr Susan Forrest - Group Leader
Molecular Development A/Professor Andrew Sinclair - Group Leader
Dr Peter McClive - Postdoctoral Fellow
Dr Michael Lynch - Group Leader
/VProfessor Leon Bach - Principal Research Fellow
Dr Kate Elliott - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Michelle de Silva - Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Craig Olsson - Postdoctoral Fellow
Dr Angela Joe - Research Officer
Mai Sarraj - PhD Scholar
Dr Keith Al-Hasani - Postdoctoral Fellow
Tanya Hurley - PhD Scholar
Louise Adams - Research Assistant
Quanah Hudson - PhD Scholar
Vicki Bennett-Wood - Research Assistant
Jocelyn van den Bergen - Honours Student
Professor Jeffrey Zajac - Principal Research Fellow
Rebecca Gorreli - Research Assistant
Melissa Katz - Research Assistant
Dr Fergus Cameron - Endocrinologist
Frances Oppedisano - Research Assistant
Dr Margaret Zacharin - Endocrinologist
Gowri Selvaraj - Research Assistant
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
21
Neonatal Care
Dr Sue Liew - Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Kathleen Allen - Clinical Research Fellow
Scholar
Professor Colin Morley - Group Leader
Paulo Selber - Orthopaedic Fellow
Julie Barrington - Clinical Research Fellow
Carole Webley - Research Officer
Dr Peter Dargaviile - Senior Research Fellow
C Edward Bache - Orthopaedic Fellow
Dr Lesley Bretherton - Clinical Research Fellow
Dr Peter Davis -Senior Research Fellow
Rosemary Warren - Research Assistant
Roslyn Boyd - Senior Research Physiotherapist
Wendy Bunston - Clinical Research Fellow
Vicky Petrou - Research Officer
Dr Paul Ekert - Research Fellow
Fiona Dobson - Research Physiotherapist
Dr Brigid Jordan - Clinical Research Fellow
Dr John Mills - MD Scholar
Kerry Haynes - Research Officer
Beverley Eldridge - Research Physiotherapist
Marell Lynch - Clinical Research Fellow
Alice Jaques - Masters Student
Wendy Russell - Research Assistant
Adrienne Flarvey - Physiotherapist
Dr John Mathai - Clinical Research Fellow
Caroline Lavender - ACCV Scholarship Student
Nigel Keenan - Research Fellow
Dr Nicole Milburn - Clinical Research Fellow
Tiffany Symes - ACCV Scholarship Student Kate Mason - DROP Student
Neuroscience
Tam Nguyen - Biomedical Engineer
Maria McCarthy - Clinical Research Fellow
Dr Andrew Kornberg - Group Leader
Dr Christine Olesch - Clinical Research Fellow
Sue Morse - Clinical Research Fellow
Dr Simon Harvey - Group Leader
Jenny Parrott - Research Physiotherapist
Dr Rick Leventer - Group Leader
Marinis Pirpiris - Research Fellow
A/Professor Campbell Paul - Clinical Research Fellow
Dr Mark Mackay - Research Associate
Jill Rodda - Senior Clinical Physiotherapist
Dr Ruth Perkins - Clinical Research Fellow
Helen McCallum - PhD Scholar
Dr Ingrid Scheffer - Research Associate
Elise Cullis - Biomedical Engineer
Margaret Richardson - Clinical Research Fellow
Narelle Skinner - Research Assistant
Staph and Strep Dr Kumar Visvanathan - Group Leader
Profesor Sam Berkovic - Research Associate
Adrienne Fosang - Physiotherapist
Robyn Stargatt - Clinical Research Fellow
A/Professor Graeme Jackson - Research Associate
Ruth Wraith - Clinical Research Fellow
Surgical Research
Paediatric Drugs - APPRU
Jacquie Wrennall - Clinical Research Fellow
Dr Lloyd Shield - Senior Neurologist
Dr Noel Cranswick - Director
Dr Cathy Catroppa - Research Officer
Professor John Hutson - Director General Surgery
Mark Wellard - Senior Research Officer
A/Professor Mike South - Director
Dr Amanda Wood - Research Officer
Dr Suzanne Hasthorpe - Senior Research Fellow
Amanda Wood - Research Assistant
Dr Jonathan Akikusa - Fellow
Dr Stephen Wood - Research Officer
Dianne Anderson - Research Assistant
Lisa Watts - Research Assistant
Dr Alissa Urn - Clinical Research Fellow
Diana Smidts - Research AssistanVPhD Scholar
Pamela Farmer - Research Assistant
Jill Bicknell - Research Assistant
Susan Ziolkowski - Trials Manager
Rani Jacobs - Research Assistant/PhD Scholar
Maydalena Kita - Research Assistant
Dr Cathy Temelcous - Research Fellow
Jacqui Houston - Trials Coordinator Jennifer Waller - Trials Coordinator
Linda Pentland - Research Assistant/PhD Scholar
Dr Michael Stanton - Research Fellow
Kelly Steeper - Research Assistant
Nicole Davidson - Trials Coordinator
Angela Bourne - Research Assistant
Dr Yeon Myung Shin - Research Fellow
Tria Williams - Trial Recruitment Officer
Elisa Didus - Research Assistant
Suat Li Ng - AMS Student
Yvonne Tyl - Administrator
Rian Dob - Research Assistant
Pituitary Development and Disease
Vivienne Flowe - Research Assistant
A/Professor Terrie Inder- Group Leader
Dr Paul Thomas - Research Fellow
Wendy Kelso - Research Assistant
Jacqueline Inder - Executive Assistant to Group Leader
Orthopaedics - Hugh Williamson Gait Laboratory Professor H Kerr Graham - Group Leader Dr Richard Baker - Gait Analysis Service Manager
Flora Ffaritou - Research Assistant
Dr Hideki Tomyiama - Research Fellow
Victorian Infant Brain Study
Dr Ian Torode - Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Dr Shelley Ross - Postdoctoral Fellow
Vanessa Mackay - Research Assistant
Dr Robert Dickens - Consultant Orthopaedic
Sherry Cook - Research Assistant
Jerome Mailer - Research Assistant
Merilyn Bear - Research Nurse
Surgeon
Nicola Solomon - PhD Scholar
Jennifer Neale - Research Assistant
Connie Wong - Research Nurse
Dr Gary Nattrass - Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Heidi Newitt - Research Assistant
Nisha Menzies - Research Fellow
Psychological Development
Mia Rowe - Research Assistant
Vanessa Ellison - Clinical Fellow
Dr Mark O'Sullivan - Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Professor Margot Prior - Group Leader
Georgina Swinburne - Research Assistant
Hong Wang - Imaging Technician
Dr Leo Donnan - Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
A/Professor Vicki Anderson - Senior Research Fellow
Dr Jane Halliday - Senior Research Fellow
Dr Ton Tran - Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Dr Elisabeth Northam - Senior Research Fellow
Veronica Collins - Research Officer/PhD
Peter Anderson - Research Coordinator Public Health and Genetics
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
22
%
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Year in Review Some of the research achievements, awards, funding successes and special events we enjoyed during the year 2001:
made significant advances, leading to 12 major
children with cerebral palsy, generating great media
papers and a new patent
interest including a front page story in The Australian
• Commercialisation of our research was a focus -
prestigious Churchill Scholarship
four new patents were filed during 2001 • We almost doubled our research grant income
of the Australian Open 2001 Charitable Fund
• More than 400 peer-reviewed papers were
• Proceeds from the Shelley Beach Tennis Classic, driven by dedicated committee MI7, helped fund
• We received over $46,000 from Tennis Australia for the donations we collected as the beneficiary
to $16 million published by MCRI researchers in international journals
• Daphne Cheah (Liver Cell Bank) was awarded a
• Supporting development of our 'gene cream' for psoriasis, biotechnology company Antisense
• International interest was sparked by Centre for
Therapeutics Limited (ATL) was successfully
Adolescent Health research linking teenage
floated on the ASX
depression to school bullying, published in the British Medical Journal
new equipment for our Cancer Genomics team • We continued to make a substantial contribution • Our Director Bob Williamson was honoured by election to the Australian Academy of Science in March
to education, with more than 100 honours and
• Secondary students from across Australia voiced their opinions on gene therapy through our
postgraduate students
annual Genethics Competition • Governor of Victoria John Landy AC MBE visited
• Adolescent
health
researchers
received
a
the MCRI during National Diabetes Week in his
VicHealth Award for Excellence in health
new role as patron of the Centre for Hormone
promoting research for their Gatehouse Project • Christopher Wraight and
Bank to over $100,000 by staging a variety show
George Werther
secondary students
(Hormone Research) won a $500,000 grant to study diabetes complications
• Harriet Hiscock (Community Child Health) won the Young Investigator Award from the Royal
reminiscent of the last century • Gait laboratory researchers published a series of • Our world-leading research into human artificial
researcher Tom Shakespeare presented a debate on genetic testing and choice with an audience of
Research • Rotary Clubs brought their total for our Liver Cell
• Bob Williamson and international sociology
journal articles on the use of Botulinum toxin in
Australasian College of Physicians,
for her
outstanding research
chromosomes for the treatment of genetic disease
Communications Officer Deborah Bugiera bugierad@murdoch.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
24
• We hosted the International Symposium on
• David Thorburn (Mitochondrial Research) was
Hearing Impairment, which was opened by
promoted to NHMRC Senior Research Fellow • Our Ambassador Sarah O'Hare made an eloquent
Victorian Health Minister John Thwaites • At the Great Australian Science Show our scientists engaged
enthusiastic
Zealand Society for Cell and Developmental Biology
• Generous Victorians donated $7.5 million through the
speech on stem cell research on the televised
Good Friday Appeal to the Royal Children's Hospital
Marie Claire What Women Want forum
primary and
secondary school students in our interactive display on genetics • Denise Kirby (Mitochondrial Research) was
• Health Minister John Thwaites announced an
• During Genetic Awareness Week, Health Minister
additional $100,000 funding for an expanded
John Thwaites launched Genetic Health Services
5^
newborn screening program that will help
Victoria for genetic diagnosis, counselling and
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prevent metabolic diseases
treatment services
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awarded the Jeff Crouch Memorial Scholarship • The YAFFA Ball hosted by Sarah O'Hare raised vital funds for Freidreich Ataxia research
• The Mandy Mizutani Foundation in Japan
• Redevelopment of the 9th floor commenced,
awarded $100,000 to Amanda Fosang (Cell &
with plans to include a large academic meeting
Matrix biology) for her arthritis research
area, library and the MCRI Administration and Communication offices
• Julian Savulescu (Ethics) provided expert comment
• We registered biotechnology startup company
for the major Austraiian daily newspapers on stem
SciBAC Pty Ltd to commercialise the research of
cells, cloning and IVF
our Cell and Gene Therapy research team
• New and old friends and supporters toured our facilities during Open Day in November
I £
awarded a World Health Organisation contract to evaluate the burden of vaccine-preventible
• MCRI was awarded
14 project grants, 4
diseases in Pacific Island Nations
fellowships, 3 career development awards and 5 research training awards by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
• Community Child
Health
researchers were
awarded $300,000 to trial a new strategy to reduce childhood obesity
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• Our International Child Health researchers were
• Andy Choo (Chromosome Research) was promoted to NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellow and was
• Damien Bates received the Toshiya Yamada Early
also appointed full professor. University of Melbourne
Career Award presented by the Australian and New
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
25
Stem Cells Embryonic stem cells could revolutionise medicine. The problem is that a human embryo must be destroyed to produce these cells. Is it right that an embryo dies so that children and adults may live? There are three potential sources of embryos: • those created specifically for research by in vitro
A six to four majority recommended the production
Every cell - every skin, heart, lung, liver cell - has the
of embryonic stem cells from spare embryos. The
complete genetic code or blueprint (just like an
report recommended a ban on reproductive
embryo) to produce a human being. There is no
cloning, the creation of embryos specifically for
moral difference between a skin cell and a fertilised
research and a three year moratorium on
egg sitting in laboratory. Both could produce a baby
therapeutic cloning.
if very advanced technology were applied to them.
Several reasons were cited for supporting the
Since it is clearly acceptable to experiment on skin
production of embryonic stem cells from spare
cells, liver cells or muscle cells, researchers should
embryos. For example, that people with common
be able to experiment on embryos from any source.
serious illnesses were owed a responsibility, and that "one view of the moral status of the embryo
We must protect the lives of humans. While our
should not be imposed on society as a whole."
cells may be human, those cells (including embryos)
fertilisation (IVF) • those created for the treatment of infertility but are no longer required - "spare" embryos • those created by cloning (nuclear transfer) - often termed "therapeutic cloning"
are not humans. Other reasons included the fact that many thousands of surplus embryos already exist and would be destroyed, and because this research
What are embryonic stem cells?
would speed the prospect of gaining useful
• Disease, injury and age cause our cells to die
treatments for disease. In 1999, the House of Representatives requested
- we cannot replace them • Stem cells are an exception - scientists think they
that the Standing Committee on Legal and
I disagree. My belief is that it is ethical to produce
may be able to be used to replace damaged cells,
Constitutional Affairs, chaired by Kevin Andrews,
stem cells from any of the 3 sources. The fact is that
tissues or organs
report on the ethics of cloning and the creation of
early human embryos are not humans. We used to
embryonic stem cells from different sources. In
think that embryos were unique because they could
September 2001, the Committee released the
have a chance of developing into a baby. But with
report on embryonic stem cells.
the advent of the cloning technology that produced Dolly the sheep, we now know that every cell in our body has a chance of producing a baby.
Professor Julian Savulescu Director, Ethics savulesj@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
26
I-
What is a human being and when does its life begin? We can answer this question by asking when does the life of a human being end? Death is defined as when the brain dies. The rest of the cells
Why human research cannot be locked in a cell Sydney Morning Herald, August 28 2001
Why stem cells are important?
Vital arguments for stem cell research The Daily Telegraph, August 16 2001
transplantation
1
1. There are not enough organs for
and organs of the body may continue to live for
Around 1/3 of children waiting for a heart
some time after the brain dies. But the person is
transplant die before one becomes available.
dead. That's why we can take living organs from brain dead people. The person is different to the
2. Rejection
cells or organs that make up his or her body.
There are also problems when a doctor puts an
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organ from one person into a different person. The If we die when our brain dies, then we begin to live
body tries to reject the organ which it sees as
when our brain begins to function. Embryos have
"foreign". Drugs are used to suppress the body's
no functional brain.
reaction to the foreign tissue. These drugs have
to
serious side effects. It may be possible to engineer Not everyone agrees with my view of the moral
tissue from embryonic stem cells so doctors don't
status of the embryo. But whatever our view, there
need to use these drugs.
is no good reason to oppose the creation of
■
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embryonic stem cells from spare embryos. Let's
3. New Treatments
remember that Victorian law requires destruction of
Most importantly, embryonic stem cells may allow
spare IVF embryos after 5 or 10 years. No one can
transplantation to be used to treat common
rationally prefer to see these cells flushed down a sink
diseases like heart attack, Alzheimer's Disease,
rather than go to potentially life saving research.
diabetes, Parkinson's Disease and stroke.
Some parents courageously choose to donate their
tissue. This scar holds the brain together but that
dead child's organs to help other people when that
part of the brain loses its function. It may be
child dies tragically. We rightfully admire their decision.
possible in the future for embryonic stem cells to
Couples undergoing IVF should also be able to donate
replace the damaged brain and other tissue.
After a
stroke, the dead part of the brain is replaced by scar
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cells from their spare embryos to potentially life saving research, if they want to. The only moral step for the government is to allow research into embryonic stem cells from spare IVF embryos. ANNUAL REPORT 2001
27
Research Highlights HaemScreen
Mini Chromosomes Professor Andy Choo's laboratory holds international patents on human artificial chromosome (HAC) technology, which has enormous commercial potential and could save millions of lives through gene therapy.
Gene therapy is the treatment of disease by introducing corrective copies of genes, for example into cancer patients. HACs offer a promising approach for gene delivery into patients because there is theoretically no upper limit to the size of the gene to be incorporated. And using human DNAderived HACs, rather than viruses, as vectors should minimise the
risk of adverse
immunogenic
responses in the patients. Professor Choo's group succeeded in producing a series of linear HACs or minichromosomes
HaemScreen is a pilot genetic screening program for the preventable disorder lereditary hoemochromotosis, on iron overload disorder that affects about 1 in 300 Australians and can lead to organ damage, including heart and liver disease and even death.
by truncation of a chromosome 10 marker containing a human neocentromere (a fully functional centromere
The genetic test involves taking a brush sample of
that arises spontaneously). Minichromosomes made in
cells from inside the cheek, for DNA testing.
this way, demonstrate high stability in structure and transmission over generations.
Individuals found to be at Increased risk of developing haemochromatosis can then take action
Having a mini sized neocentromere-based HAC, not
to prevent the disease.
only facilitates the delivery of therapeutic genes into patient cells, but also allows full sequence
Giving blood a few times a year to reduce the iron
characterisation of the HAC to provide better-
accumulation can prevent development of serious
defined tools for future gene therapy. It can be
illness. This pilot program is targeting 18-35 year
proof read from end to end because it comes from
olds, because at this age intervention is very
a region of chromosome 10 that has been fully
effective.
sequenced by the Human Genome Project.
Public Relations Manager Dr Narelle Curtis ncurtis@murdoch.rch.unimelb.eclu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
28
childhood Obesity Reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents through community based interventions^ is a key aim of Centre for Community Child Health researchers.
overweight in Victorian primary school children. More than forty GPs will be provided with education and upskilling in childhood obesity and behaviour change management. Heath promotion and education materials for
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families will also be developed and GPs will be
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trained In their use. The approach focuses on
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achievable family goals In nutritional intake,
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physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
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Other preventable symptoms of haemochromatosis
A longitudinal study of 1438 primary school
While childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming
Include diabetes, arthritis, impotence, chronic
children aged 5-10 years, revealed that 19% were
rate, our research shows many parents are not aware
fatigue and infertility. Due to the wide range of
overweight or obese. Three years later, 75% of the
or not concerned. The best way to help these kids
symptoms, people often don't realise they have the
overweight children were still overweight or had
may be to improve the lifestyle of the whole family.
disorder, or doctors fail to diagnose it.
become obese.
The pilot is being conducted in the workplace of
Overweight children will not simply grow out of It,
major Australian corporations, including National
In fact, children are twice as likely to move up a
Australia Bank, Telstra, ANZ, Woolworths and BHP.
weight category, than they are to move down. A
It will also assess the acceptability of population-
continuation of the study will evaluate the risk
based genetic testing.
factors involved in children becoming or staying overweight or obese.
The program is an MCRI and Genetic Health Services Victoria initiative involving counsellors,
The Centre Is also conducting a randomised,
educators, scientists, epidemiologists and ethicists.
controlled trial of a brief GP Intervention to reduce
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
29
Research Highlights Premature Babies
Cerebral Palsy
iiif
Cerebral Palsy is the most common physical disability in childhood, affecting 1 in 600 births. These children have problems with muscle control because part of the brain that governs movement is damaged.
A decade ago, babies born with a birth weight below 1500 grams often died. Recent advances in neonatal care have boosted the survival rate to 80 percent for babies as small as 500 grams and as young as 17 weeks premature.
Our research is directed to understanding the causes of cerebral palsy and to improving treatments to enhance movement, development and quality of life. Physiotherapists, biomedical engineers, occupational therapists,
orthotic
specialists,
surgeons
and
neonatalogists collaborate in this major research program. The team recently demonstrated their achievements at our community Open Day. Professor Kerr Graham and his team in the Gait Laboratory use botulinum toxin injections, combined with surgery and physiotherapy, to reduce spasms in
The cost of caring for these tiny babies is great as are
the legs, arms and hips. This gives the children much
the number of health problems the child must face.
more independence, allowing them to walk and do everyday things like eating and dressing.
.
Immature lungs are a major problem for premature babies. They often require ventilation after birth that can cause further damage. Our researchers aim to understand the changes occurring in fetal lungs during growth and development to improve outcomes and care. Many different and complex molecules are likely to be involved. We are evaluating the changes induced by cortisol L,
treatment used to help immature lungs develop.
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
30
Liver Cell Bank Up to half of premature babies will exhibit developmental disabilities and 5-15% will have major cerebral palsy. The absolute number with developmental disabilities continues to rise as the number of extremely low birth-weight survivors increases. We are studying brain development in premature babies, using MRI to examine brain structure and chemistry. The ultimate aim of this research is to reduce the educational and social Implications of neurological developmental disabilities resulting from premature birth.
Children suffering from liver disease today face a shortage of donor organs and a lifetime of drugs to prevent organ rejection. Our researchers are developing a promising alternate treatment that involves transfusing healthy human cells into diseased livers in order to rejuvenate the organ. The new procedure would eliminate most of the risks and expense of a whole organ transplant.
Daphne Cheah has been awarded a prestigious Churchill Scholarship to travel to Chicago and Pittsburgh in the USA to investigate the Liver Cell Banks being established there. She will be hosted in Chicago by our collaborators at the Chicago Children's Memorial - the world's first successful
X O X O X X
liver bank for children.
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With the help of many corporate and community groups, Rotary Clubs have provided critical funding and support in the incremental stages of the establishment of a bank to store frozen liver cells for transplantations. This Liver Cell Bank would operate like a blood bank by supplying hospitals all around Australia with healthy liver cells.
Dr Katie Allen w/ith Rotary Footscray President Roger Batrouney
ANNUAL
REPORT
2 00 1
31
Student Profiles
Jenny Proimos
Naomi Baker "Cutting edge research technologies and a strong postgraduate environment are the two biggest advantages of doing a PhD here"
The laboratory that I'm based in, is one of the world leaders in matrix biology and collagen research. My PhD project involves investigating the mutations in a protein (collagen type VI) that are responsible for a muscle disease that affects children from a young
"My PhD studies add a wonderful level of complexity to o rich, busy career os on adolescent health physician."
age (Bethlem myopathy). This disease progressively gets worse, affecting muscle strength and mobility.
Besides being a PhD student and part-time physician at the Centre for Adolescent Health, I am
Initially, I joined MCRI as a research assistant at the Centre for Hormone Research with a Bachelor of
As a PhD student I have close interaction with my
Applied Science degree from RMIT. It was that
supervisors, which is important for a successful
experience that inspired me to follow a career in
research experience. We also meet regularly with other
research, beginning with completion of my honours
students to discuss research and life as a student.
the
Economic
and
Social
determinants
of
Adolescent Health in Victoria. I am committed to the need for using evidence to
and PhD studies. I
also mother to a boisterous 3 year old. My PhD is on
I develop my research freely with other PhD students, and research assistants and postdoctoral fellows from my laboratory. They offer me different
drive Health Policy development. My path of paediatric training at the Royal Children's Hospital, and speciality training in Adolescent Medicine at
perspectives to my research.
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
32
? •!
to
o
I
o6
00'
Rony Duncan
z < at:
o
I
My thesis considered predictive genetic testing in Harvard during my Masters Degree in Public Health, has lead me to this interest. I thought doing a PhD would be a good way to gain expertise in this area. My study hypothesises that the social and economic
"My unique experience as an honours student in the MCRI Ethics Unit inspired me to come back and do a PhD!"
children. I reviewed current recommendations and empirical evidence about effects of testing children, then explored a philosophical account of wellbeing and how it could be incorporated into research that assesses outcomes of testing in children.
climates where young people live and go to school will influence depression, drug use and antisocial behaviour
As a genetics and psychology undergraduate
I developed a questionnaire to measure broad
rates, above and beyond the influence of individual risk
student with a keen interest in ethics and
conceptions of wellbeing and administered a pilot
philosophy, I had no idea where my Bachelor of
study to the families of two children who had
and protective factors for those behaviours.
Science degree from the University of Melbourne
undergone testing for bowel cancer. My experience
I hope this project will contribute to policies for the
would lead me. The Ethics Unit at MCRI has given
with MCRI will lead me to the Australasian Bioethics
mental and physical health of future generations of
me a rare opportunity that I thought impossible.
Association Conference in February 2002 to present
young people.
I am the first honours student from the Department
my findings.
I
of Paediatrics based outside a laboratory!
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
33
ii 1.
Biotechnology & Commercialisation We achieved several significant milestones in our strategy for the support of biotechnology initiatives and the commercialisation of research. hi
\
Antisense Therapeutics Limited
Board Initiatives
The listing of the IPO Antisense Therapeutics
The Board of Directors adopted a number of
2002, to provide a source of seed funding for early
Limited (ATL) in December was a satisfactory
initiatives as part of its policy of supporting the
biotechnology initiatives. As a member, MCRI has a
conclusion to the complex negotiations undertaken
future of biotechnology. These included a new IP
seat on the Biocomm board.
to assign the IP for antisense treatment of psoriasis
policy for MCRI, which allows for an equity share to
into ATL, and to obtain significant ongoing research
researchers in spin off companies and an employee
New Patents Filed
funding to take the therapy to the next stage.
share option plan.
• International patent for a novel method of
MCRI and the inventors. Professor George Werther
Biocomm International
and Dr Christopher Wraight, agree this was a most
In 2001, MCRI became a member of Biocomm
detecting mutations (Gene Identification group) • Australian Provisional Patent for a molecular
rewarding outcome for all concerned. George
International, a recently established government
marker of the behavioural disorder ADHD
Werther is the MCRI nominee on the Board of ATL.
supported biotechnology commercialisation vehicle.
(Gene Discovery group)
MCRI has taken up membership for two years.
• Australian Provisional Patent for a molecular
POSSUM Software
Biocomm services include assistance in the
marker which may be predictive of arthritis
During the year, the future of the syndrome
promotion
(Cell & Matrix Biology group)
diagnostic software product POSSUM was secured
assessment, assistance with IP management,
through a partnering agreement with the listed
development of business plans and licensing deals.
of
commercialisation,
project
• Australian Provisional Patent for a method for selection (Cell and Gene Therapy group)
software development company Adecel Limited. We are now confident that we will be able to deliver an
Most Victorian medical research institutes have
"internet-aware" POSSUM during 2002. First up
joined,
though will be the release of a network version that
Universities. It is anticipated that a capital pool in
will be available to both MAC and PC users.
the order of $15 million will be in place by March
Chief Operating Officer Ms Anne Cronin cronin@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
as
have
Monash
and
Melbourne
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
34
Grants & Awards External Grants Apex Foundation Susan Forrest
Commonwealth Dept of Health
Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial
Mizutani Foundation
and Aged Care
Foundation
Amanda Fosang
Graeme Barnes
Henrik Dahl
Cell and Matrix Biology Unit
Gastroenterology
Gene Expression
$99,000
$124,000
$66,634
Department of Human Services
GlaxoSmithKline
Karen Greenland
George Patton
Graeme Barnes/Julie Bines
Centre for Hormone Research
Centre for Adolescent Health
Gastroenterology
$10,000
$80,000
$73,000
Department of Health and Aged Care
Helen Macpherson Smith Trust
David Thorburn
Anthony Catto-Smith
Kathy Rowe
Mitochondrial Research
Gastroenterology
General Paediatrics
$60,000
< % <
$57,226
$30,000 Muscular Dystrophy Association USA
Z
Department of Human Services
Hugh D T Williamson Foundation
Panos loannou
< 0£.
Melissa Wake
Anne McCoy
Gene Therapy
O
Community Child Health
Physiotherapy
$50,000
$65,000
$10,000
Department of Human Services
Jack Brockhoff Foundation
Henrik Dahl
Frank Oberklaid
Dinah Reddihough
Gene Expression
Community Child Health
Child Development and Rehabilitation
$89,203
$25,000
$64,000
Department of Human Sen/ices
Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International
Melissa Wake
Jonathan Carapetis
David Thorburn
Community Child Health
Department of Paediatrics
Mitochondrial Research
$36,300
$50,000
$52,083 US
Eli Lilly Endocrinology Research Grant
Kidney Foundation
John Toumbourou
Programme
Elizabeth Algar
Centre for Adolescent Health
Paul Thomas
Haematology/Oncology
$271,626
Gene Discovery
$13,239
Gene Discovery $12,170 Australian Drug Foundation/DHS George Patton
Motor Neurone Disease Research Institute
Centre for Adolescent Health $36,000 Australian Health Management Group Lyndal Bond
Muscular Dystrophy Association USA
Centre for Adolescent Health $49,200 Besen Family Foundation Robyn Stargatt, Vivenne Howe Psychology -$11,000 Besen Family Foundation Martin Delatycki
Beyond Blue Lena Sand
Brockhoff Foundation Bob Williamson Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
°6
National Heart Foundation
Centre for Adolescent Health $70,613
Q
Muscular Dystrophy Association USA
Genetic Health Services Victoria $5,000
1/5
National Institutes of Health (USA)
$20,000
$45,000
Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia LEW Carty Charitable Fund
Susan Carden
Environment Australia
Margaret Zacharin
Opthalmology
Elizabeth Waters
Centre for Hormone Research
$10,000
Community Child Health
$10,000
$83,542
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
35
j'l
Fd'izer Ltd
Urological Society of Australia
William Buckland Foundation (ANZ)
Friederike Veit
John Mathai
Catherine Temelcos
Harriet Hiscock
Centre for Adolescent Health
MH Sky
General Surgery
Community Child Health
$78,000
$90,700
$55,000
$39,388
Pratt Foundation
VicHealth
Windermere Foundation
Centre for Adolescent Health
Joanne Smart
Melissa Wake
Anne McCoy
$57,640
Immunology
Community Child Health
Physiotherapy
$10,000
$105,000
$9,280
Ramaciottl Foundation
VicHealth
Winston Churchill Memorial Trust Fellowship
John Bateman
George Patton
Daphne Cheah
Cell and Matrix Biology Unit
Centre for Adolescent Health
Liver Cell Bank
George Patton
$15,000
$201,199
$15,000
Centre for Adolescent Health
Friederike Veit
George Werther Centre for Hormone Research
$135,000
$92,060
Rebecca Cooper Medical Research Foundation
VicHealth
John Bateman
John Toumbourou/George Patton
Cell and Matrix Biology
Centre for Adolescent Health
Sue Hasthorpe
$16,000
$120,000
Surgical Research
Rebecca Cooper Medical Research Foundation
VicHealth
Susan Forrest
Elizabeth Waters
John Hutson
Gene Discovery
Community Child Health
Surgical Research
$16,000
$120,000
$60,000
NHMRC Project Grants
Friederike Veit Centre for Adolescent Health
$117,500
$17,773 Susan Sawyer Centre for Adolescent Health $27,500 George Patton Centre for Adolescent Health
Royal College of Physicians
VicHealth
Panos loannou
Leane Gauld
George Patton
Gene Therapy
Respiratory Medicine
Centre for Adolescent Health
$25,000
$300,000 George Patton
NHMRC Medical Postgraduate
Smith Kline Beecham
VicHealth
Centre for Adolescent Health
Research Scholarships
Noel Cranswick and Les Sheffield
Elizabeth Waters
$265,000
Clinical Pharmacology
Community Child Health
$26,000
$89,298
$38,829
<
$85,000
Chris Barnes Dinah Reddihough
Haematology/Oncology
Child Development and Rehabilitation The Wellcome Trust
Victoria Trauma Foundation
Susan Forrest
Clara McCarthy
Gene Discovery
Emergency Medicine
Bridget Southwell
$166,500
$36,000
Surgical Research
$50,000
Heidi Peters Gene Therapy
$88,001
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
36
Dora Lush Postgraduate Research Scholarship Melanie Knight Gene Discovery
Public Health Postgraduate
who also make a commitment to research. Graeme Barnes Gastroenterology
Research Scholarship Kylie Hesketh Community Child Health
Peter Dargaville Neonatology
Jenny Proimos Adolescent Health
Simon Harvey Neurology
Julie Reid Speech Pathology
John Hutson General Surgery
Robert Roseby Respiratory Medicine
Terrie Inder Neonatology
Lyndal Thomas Adolescent Health
John Massie Respiratory Medicine
Johanna Perry Chromosome Research
Paul Monagle Pathology Mimi Tang Immunology George Werther Centre for Hormone Research
MCRI Part-time Career Grants These grants provide part salary support for senior health professionals who are involved in clinical care of children, but
Sylvia Lim-Tio Centre for Hormone Research
Roslyn Boyd Orthopaedics Peter Davis Neonatology
Peter Doherty Research Training Feiiowship
Paul Ekert Neonatology
Andrew Kornberg Neurosciences $70,000
MCRI Project Grants Vicki Anderson Psychology $50,000 David Ashley Haematology/Oncology $25,000 Lyndal Bond Adolescent Health $40,000 Noel Cranswick Clinical Pharmaceuticals $26,000 Paddy Dewan General Surgery $30,000 Josie Duncan Occupational Therapy $10,000 Jamie Fitzgerald Cell and Matrix Biology $35,000
MCRI Postdoctoral Fellowships Carl Kirkwood Gastroenterology
Carl Kirkwood Gastroenterology $50,000
Kerry Haynes Centre for Community Child Health $10,000
Shireen Lamande Cell and Matrix Biology $40,000
CO
Q
<
John Massie Asthma, Allergy and Immunology $11,406
Z
<
Elizabeth Northam Psychology $55,000
O
Christine Olesch Child Development and Rehabilitation $30,000 Margot Prior Psychology $16,700 Dinah Reddihough Child Development and Rehabilitation $65,500 Sheena Reilly Speech Pathology $20,000 Roy Robins-Browne Microbiology and Infectious Diseases $65,000
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
37
I
1;
Dora Lush Postgraduate Research Scholarship Melanie Knight Gene Discovery
Public Health Postgraduate
who also make a commitment to research. Graeme Barnes Gastroenterology
Research Scholarship Kyiie Hesketh Community Child Health
Peter Dargaville Neonatology
Jenny Proimos Adolescent Health
Simon Harvey Neurology
Julie Reid Speech Pathology
John Hutson General Surgery
Robert Roseby Respiratory Medicine
Terrie Inder Neonatology
Lyndal Thomas Adolescent Health
John Massie Respiratory Medicine
Johanna Perry Chromosome Research
Paul Monagle Pathology Mimi Tang Immunology George Werther Centre for Hormone Research
MCRI Part-time Career Grants These grants provide part salary support for senior health professionals who are involved in clinical care of children, but
Sylvia Lim-Tio Centre for Hormone Research
Roslyn Boyd Orthopaedics Peter Davis Neonatology
Peter Doherty Research Training Fellowship
Paul Ekert Neonatology
Andrew Kornberg Neurosciences $70,000
MCRI Project Grants Vicki Anderson Psychology $50,000 David Ashley Haematology/Oncology $25,000 Lyndal Bond Adolescent Health $40,000 Noel Cranswick Clinical Pharmaceuticals $26,000 Paddy Dewan General Surgery $30,000 Josie Duncan Occupational Therapy $10,000 Jamie Fitzgerald Cell and Matrix Biology $35,000
MCRI Postdoctoral Fellowships Carl Kirkwood Gastroenterology
Carl Kirkwood Gastroenterology $50,000
Kerry Haynes Centre for Community Child Health $10,000
Shireen Lamande Cell and Matrix Biology $40,000
to Q
at
<
John Massie Asthma, Allergy and Immunology $11,406
CO
Z
< Qc:
Elizabeth Northam Psychology $55,000
O
Christine Olesch Child Development and Rehabilitation $30,000
1
Margot Prior Psychology $16,700 Dinah Reddihough Child Development and Rehabilitation $65,500 Sheena Reilly Speech Pathology $20,000 Roy Robins-Browne Microbiology and Infectious Diseases $65,000
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
37
I.
Craig Smith
D Reddihough, S Brennecke, K Graham, J
Zoe McCallum
Molecular Development Unit
Halliday, S Reilly
Community Child Health
$60,000
Victorian cerebral palsy project
Eva Nagy
$150,000 per annum for three years
Gastroenterology
Cell and Matrix Biology Unit
A Sinclair, G Warne, J Hutson, J Savulescu, S
Diana Smidts
$11,000
Metcalfe
Psychology
Heather Stanton
Disorders of sexual development Mimi Tang
$150,000 per annum for three years
Michelle Su-Ming Yeo Centre for Adolescent Health
Immunology $30,000
MCRI Trainee Research Paul Thomas Gene Discovery
Scholarships
$65,000 These scholarships enable recipients to Hi 11'
Melissa Wake Community Child Health
undertake full time research while
Denise Harrison Naomi Baker
Neonatology
Centre for Hormone Research Timothy Hassall
Centre for Hormone Research $80,000
George Alex Gastroenterology
enrolled for a post graduate degree.
$30,000 George Werther
MCRI Scholarships
Chris Bolton
Haematology and Oncology
Anaesthesia John Mills
MCRI Theme Grants
Margaret Danchin
Neonatology
Melbourne University Dept of Paediatrics
J Bateman, R Savarirayan
Beverly Eldridge
Bone dysplasia program
Gait Laboratory
$150,000 per annum for three years Jeremy Freeman H Slater, S Keeling, A Choo
Neurology
High resolution chromosome analysis using DNA microarray and CGH
Deidre Gartland
$150,000 per annum for three years
Centre for Adolescent Health
G Patton, S Forrest, C Olsson
Alissa Lim
Genetic and environmental determinants of
General Paediatrics
psychosocial disorders in youth $150,000 per annum for three years
\ ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
38
Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics Unit
Early Determinants of Health
ii''. OiJf |r!ifidry mission I# ■H is to provide a resource t^^|p|||H|
Our research examines whether modifiable factors during pregnancy or infancy, particularly maternal and infant nutrition, have a long term or even permanent effect on the health, brain development and well-being of children.
TO
continued, as well as his involvement in
resedrch methods and biostatistical analysis.
several clinical research studies, WHO projects and large community studies. Diagnosis of pneumonia
As part of this, we provide an active
CEBU has performed critical statistical
.M
m
program of education, development
analysis for a
and training in research methods.
collaboration on the calibration and
CEBU also conducts and collaborates
standardisation of the reading of chest
in public health research that aims to
x-rays for the diagnosis of pneumonia.
develop and strengthen strategies for
This WHO project is of immense
the prevention of illness and injury
importance for several planned studies
unravel the roles of maternal nutrition
among children and adolescents.
of new pneumococcal vaccines.
and each baby's placental supply line
large
international
M Twin studies Twins provide a unique opportunity to
as determinants of their birth weight, Research overview
Community vaccine trials
Although Professor Terry Nolan left
An extensive program of studies continued,
CEBU to head the University of
in conjunction with industry partners.
Melbourne's new School of Population
Studies involved a new combination vaccine
Health, his extensive program of clinical
that incorporates chicken pox immunisation
trials of new vaccines has continued.
with MMR, and intranasal administration of
Dr Sue Skull joined us as Deputy
influenza vaccine - a technology that could
Director and is building a research
revolutionise the administration of vaccines.
health and development. Current studies include 200 pregnant women and their twin infants in Melbourne and Adelaide, and 160 pairs of 8 year old twins in Tasmania. Major collaborators • Menzies Centre, Hobart • Department of Physiology, Monash
program relating to immigrant health and vaccine-preventable diseases. John
Major collaborators
Carlin's research into new methods of
• Centre for Adolescent Health
analysis for studies with missing data
• World Health Organisation (WHO)
Group Leader Professor John Carlin jbcarlin@unimelb.edu.au
University • Janet McCalman, History and Philosophy of Science
Group Leader Dr Ruth Morley morleyr@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
40
Community Child Health
I
Obesity, injury, delayed language, behavioural, respiratory and oral health problems impose the greatest burden and contribute to increasing child health inequalities. Our research focuses on description, systematic reviews of the evidence-base, prevention (addressing behaviours, lifestyles, social and environmental factors) and, where prevention is not possible, early detection and community management. Research overview
HOYVS 2000
Highlights of the year
Our obesity research examined risk and protective
We demonstrated that almost all children who are
• Commonwealth funding for Health Inequalities
factors
social
overweight in the early primary school years remain
socio-cultural
overweight as they approach adolescence. Around
influences on eating and physical activity customs,
1500 Prep to Grade 3 children from the 1997
and commenced a trial of obesity prevention in
Health of Young Victorians Study took part.
in
determinants
primary
schooi
children,
and
inequalities,
general practice. Our research in early language
Research Collaboration
X
< LU
Award at RACP scientific meeting
X Q
• Elizabeth Waters was awarded her PhD
X
u
• Melissa Wake took a leading advocacy role for
promotion and detection of early language delay
Infant sleep study
continues. Major studies on the epidemiology and
A brief, community-based sleep intervention
outcomes of hearing impairment in Victorian
decreased infant sleep problems and symptoms of
children were completed. Schools and communities
maternal depression, particularly for "depressed"
collaborated to examine air quality and child health.
mothers, reduced the need for other professional
Major collaborators
We published systematic reviews of the evidence-
child obesity by GPs
o u
• Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth)
low cost and was minimally disruptive to families.
• Environment Australia
prevention of obesity; injury prevention; and
We are now seeking funding to translate this
• Department of Human Services
indicators of child health and well-being.
research into the primary healthcare sector.
• Cochrane Collaboration
Childrens' hearing impairment outcome study
Kids air study
This study of 7-8 year olds with hearing loss across
Preliminary outcomes demonstrate the feasibility of
Victoria has shown the sizeable burden carried by
children's
young deaf children, many of whom fall well below
exposure, and the challenges of collaborative
their peers in language skills. We will continue to
research
study the challenges faced by these children toward
community and air pollution research.
to
partnerships
measure
3
• Awarded AHMAC grant to study prevention of
sleep services, was acceptable to mothers, was of
diaries
>z
early detection of infant hearing loss
base for sociocultural influences, treatment and
their adolescence.
b
• Harriet Hiscock was awarded Young Investigator
H.:
4
time/location
involving
government,
\
te.. m
■ :;rT
I mp'A : --
m
_ Group Leader Professor Frank Oberklaid frankob@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
41
!"
■i:
International Child Health k. f:i i;
We use clinical and epidemiological research to gain understanding of the important childhood illnesses in developing countries. We can then facilitate implementation of appropriate, affordable public health programs accessible to the poorest of children.
Research overview
Group A strep
We were involved in many projects in 2001
Group A streptococcus is a bacterium that causes
including: ongoing large vaccine trials in Indonesia,
sore throat, skin sores and severe infections like
the Philippines, South Africa and the Gambia;
flesh-eating disease, rheumatic fever, and kidney
global and regional work with the Global Alliance
disease. It is a particular problem in Aboriginal
for
communities
Vaccines
and
Immunisation;
and
the
development of child health services in East Timor,
and
developing
countries.
We
examine the problem in different populations and look for new treatments and preventive methods,
Vaccine studies in Fiji
including vaccines.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading vaccinepreventable cause of serious infection in infants.
Highlights of the year
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine currently
• Awarded WHO contract to evaluate burden of
available are expensive and unlikely to be affordable
vaccine-preventable diseases in Pacific Island
for most developing countries. A study has been
Nations
formulated to investigate alternative regimes for the safe and effective delivery of these vaccines. Funding has been sought.
• Jonathan Carapetis and Nigel Curtis were awarded new NHMRC grants • Jonathan Carapetis was awarded NHMRC Population Health Career Development Award
Pigbel in Papua New Guinea i
rim
m
isl
m
Before 1980 pigbel (enteritis necroticans) was the
Major collaborators
leading cause of death in children over two years of
• Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth)
age in highlands PNG. A vaccine introduced in 1979
• Department of Human Services
dramatically reduced cases but production of the
• School of Population Health, University of
vaccine ceased in 1992. Although doctors in major
Melbourne
hospitals believe pigbel has disappeared, every year
• Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin
scores of cases are reported from remote highlands
• CRC for Aboriginal and Tropical Health, Darwin
i
health centres. This study will evaluate whether
I
pigbel remains a significant problem and if so, a new vaccine may be introduced.
Ijll
Group Leader Professor Kim Mulholland mulhollk@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
42
Adolescent Health Interest in the health and emotional well-being of young people has grown as issues such as drug abuse, suicide and new infectious diseases have emerged. We have assessed common health risk behaviours, and evaluated interventions to improve the lives of young people in general, and those with specific health issues or who are socially disadvantaged. Research overview
The Gatehouse Project
Research outcomes
Threats to the health and emotional well-being of
This health promotion project is focused on building
• A genetic variant tyrosine hydroxylase gene may
adolescents are recognised as being increasingly
positive social relationships in the school setting. It
protect against nicotine dependence
X
important. Much of the burden of adult disease arises
aims to promote emotional well-being and prevent
from health problems and life-style choices first
behavioural problems by strengthening of a sense
increase risk of cannabis experimentation and use
evident in adolescence. Our research encompasses
of positive connection to school. The broad
among older secondary school students
population-based epidemiology, implementation and
framework is that of a large, randomised controlled
• Interventions that target both whole-school
evaluation of preventative interventions, and clinical
trial involving successive cohorts of over three
environment and individuals' cognitive skills
research. Current studies address the prevalence,
thousand students.
reduce initiation of drug use in young people
• Problematic
parent/child
attachment
<
styles
LU
X
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distribution, natural history, health and psychosocial consequences of these health risk behaviours.
Genetic psychiatry
Highlights of the year
We are examining genetic risk and protective
• Gatehouse Project received VicHealth Award for
International youth development study
factors in the development of common mental
This study will investigate the epidemiology of
health
substance use and abuse by school students in Victoria
behavioural disorders (drug addiction). Genetic
disorders
(depression,
anxiety)
and
and Washington State USA. Information provided by
samples have been collected from participants in
students, school administrators and parents will help
the Victorian Young Adult Cohort Study, a
to answer questions about the similarities and
longitudinal study of the health and well-being of
differences in initiation, progression and maintenance
around 2000 young people from 1992 to 2001.
of drug-using behaviour between Victoria and
This is one of the few longitudinal studies
Washington State, and the impact of harm
worldwide that has information on both social and
minimisation versus abstinence policies and practices.
genetic determinants of mental health.
Group Leader Professor George Patton gpatton@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
Excellence in health promoting research • Awarded three new NHMRC grants • Lena Sanci was awarded an NHMRC Postdoctoral Fellowship
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
43
Public Health & Genetics We look at how genetic tests ore impacting on various subgroups in the community. Two subgroups we ore studying ore: Pregnant women who may or may not have prenatal testing for birth defects such as Down syndrome or spina bifida; those who have a strong family history of bowel cancer.
Research outcomes as Down syndrome is assessed, and we continue to examine genetic counselling services for couples who have a baby with a birth defect or hereditary bowel cancer.
over had a prenatal diagnostic test in 2000, the decline due to increased use of screening tests • Pregnancy outcome of 6057 maternal serum screening tests done in one year showed that
Choice and prenatal diagnosis
73% of fetuses with Down syndrome were
Analysis of 476 questionnaires given to pregnant
detected
women (37 years and over) shows that reproductive
• Over 100 people having predictive genetic
choice is possible: the vast majority of those who
testing because of being at high risk of HNPCC
have not had a prenatal diagnostic test for
showed no evidence of negative psychological
chromosome
impact
abnormalities
such
as
Down
syndrome, have been offered and chosen not to have one. Approximately 33% of older pregnant
Highlight of the year
women do not want an invasive test, but many
• Jane Halliday received a five-year NHMRC Public
would have screening.
■■I
• Only 50% of pregnant women 37 years and
Health Career Development Award
Research overview
Predictive genetic testing for hereditary non
Major collaborators
A central theme of our work is to evaluate services
polyposis colorectal cancer
• Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit
that involve genetic testing in the community. We
Clinics from all over Australia contribute recruits to
• Department of Human Services
collate a report on the data related to every prenatal
our study into the impact of having a predictive
• Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital
diagnostic test (amniocentesis and chorion villous
genetic test on those who are already at high risk of
samples) done in Victoria. This reveals changing
this condition on the basis of their family history.
Major sponsor
patterns in use of these diagnostic tests because of
Questionnaires given before and after testing and
• Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria
the increasing availability and uptake of maternal
over a three year follow up period, are measuring
serum screening. The impact of genetic testing on
psychological responses to the testing as well as use
the number of babies born with birth defects such
of follow-up screening services.
f'
Group Leader Jane Halliday halliday@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL REPORT 200 1
44
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Cancer Research We have stood by our commitment to provide the highest possible standard of core for children diagnosed v/ith cancers and blood disorders. In the Department of Clinical Haematology and Oncology, it is our policy to continue to work towards finding improved treatments for our patients, and we encourage participation in clinical trials for this reason.
:L,
Clinical trials
Immunotherapy
In 2001, 60% of our patients were registered on
We are currently performing clinical trials using
offering a chance of successful cell therapy. The bank
clinical trials: the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia study
immune cells from cancer patients as a vaccine against
now has 2200 units stored and available for searching
VII, Hodgkin's lymphoma study III, baby brain 99 study
their own tumours. We custom make each vaccine to
by transplant centres. To date 20 units have been
and the vaccine studies have all continued to accrue
be specifically targeted against each patient's tumour.
released to Australian and overseas centres for the
patients. The Children's Oncology Group provided 23
This strategy for treating cancer utilises the powerful
treatment of cancer patients. Follow-up studies will
trials for our patients. There are three pharmaceutical
mechanisms that the immune system has in place to
determine cure and survival rates.
trials open to accrual. Preliminary analysis of the acute
destroy dangerous and harmful cells. At present we
lymphoblastic leukaemia study VII shows that the cure
are treating patients with anti-tumour vaccines who
Detecting residual leukaemia
rate has improved significantly.
have been diagnosed with neuroblastoma, solid
• The new flow cytometric method of detecting
Molecular oncology
tumours or brain tumours. Further studies are under
residual leukaemic cells after chemotherapy was
way, to improve the efficacy of the vaccines.
improved and can now detect one leukaemic cell
li.
among 10,000 healthy cells. Residual leukaemic
Our laboratory has been examining genomic imprinting (or parent of origin allelic expression) and
Leukaemia Research Fund stem cell laboratory
cells were detected in 6 of 57 children studied.
the mechanisms associated with
maintaining
A new laboratory has been established to
Some patients have now been followed-up for 2
imprinting on human chromosome 11. Abnormal
investigate how blood stem cells grow. These
years and the prognostic value of this test is
imprinting is associated with some genetic disorders,
studies will teach us how we can manipulate blood
continuing to be evaluated.
including Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome, and
stem cells to improve transplantation for leukaemia
human cancers that arise in patients with this
and blood disorders, and also help us to develop
Highlights of the year
syndrome. Understanding the mechanisms that
gene therapy approaches to these diseases. We will
• David Ashley was appointed an NHMRC Fellow
maintain normal imprinting will give insights into
also investigate the cause of leukaemia, with the
and received the Children's Oncology Group
how and why it may be disrupted in human disease.
intent of being able to develop specific therapies.
Translation Research Award • Henry Ekert was appointed Associate Editor of
National cord blood bank
the Haemophilia Forum
Studies on the manipulation of umbilical cord blood have delivered a stem cell "product" of high quality. Group Leader David Ashley ashleyd@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
46
,r
i
Neonatal Care Our research improves the health of all newborn babies by focusing on influences before and just after birth. Our efforts are concentrated on the babies who have an increased risk of later problems, for example those born too early. The major outcomes of interest are lung and brain function through childhood and beyond.
Research overview Premature babies are at increased risk of major
apoptosis as a prelude to elucidating its role in
neuro-developmental problems like cognitive delay
neonatal disease. The specific focus of the project is
and cerebral palsy. We investigate the mechanisms
the clarification of the regulation of proteases
underlying these problems and test treatments that
(caspases) involved in apoptosis.
may reduce the number of babies affected. Our other major area of interest is lung disease in
Research outcomes
newborn infants. We are looking at ways of caring
•.Prophylactic indomethacin reduces rates of
UJ ct:
for term babies with lung inflammation as well as
intraventricular haemorrhage and patent ductus
<
developing new strategies for supporting the
arteriosus in extremely premature infants but
breathing of premature babies. In addition, we
does not affect long-term neurodevelopment
< < z
synthesise the research findings in these areas in a
• Resuscitation using volume ventilation is superior
form useful to other health professionals using the technique of meta-analysis.
U
o LJU
z
to conventional methods in a lamb model • DIABLO promotes caspase activation and thereby apoptosis by binding to inhibitors of apoptosis
Intubation of neonates trial
protein (XIAP) and antagonizing its antiapoptotic
This is an international, multicentred, study to
effect
determine whether treating premature babies with less invasive nasal prongs is better for them than
Major collaborators
the conventional treatment of placing a tube in
• Department of Physiology, Monash University
their windpipe.
• McMaster University, Canada • Walter and Eliza Hall Institute
Molecular regulation of apoptosis Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is implicated in
Major sponsors
the pathogenesis of many diseases, including
• National Health and Medical Research Council
neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. This
• Abbott Australasia
project aims to understand the normal regulation of
Group Leader Professor Colin Morley Li,
morleyc@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
47
Cardiology
Victorian Infant Brain Study
Our clinical and laboratory research is dedicated to the study of heart diseases ill : JU/Ve aim to I the diagnosis and treatment of children with heart diseases, and ultimately to reduce the impact of these conditions on children and their families. J I*
Research overview Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of illness and death in children in Australia and worldwide. Being based in the Royal Children's Hospital allows us
to
juxtapose
state-of-the-art
cardiovascular research with a world class clinical service. Our research is dedicated to the study of congenital heart
disease,
heart
disease
in
newborns and pulmonary hypertension. Research outcomes • Ten presentations selected for World Congress of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery • Publication in several top peerreviewed journals in the field • Contributed three chapters to the major textbook "Paediatric Cardiology"
m
Our research interest is focused on understanding brain development and injury in the newborn, particularly in those born prematurely. Each year, around 3000 premature infants weighing less than 1500 grams are born in Australia and New Zealand. Of the 2650 survivors, 25-50% will exhibit developmental disabilities and 5-15% will hove cerebral palsy.
Highlights of the year
require an understanding of the cause. With
an
increasing
number
of
extremely low birthweight babies, the absolute number of affected children will continue to rise. The educational and social
implications of these
high rates of neuro-developmental disability are enormous and the focus of
wide
international
concern.
We use advanced magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)
understand
techniques
alterations
in
to brain
structure and chemistry. infants born prematurely?
Cardiology Dan Penny and
Si
Prevention of these disabilities will
• What is the nature of brain injury in
• Arrival of new Director of sS
Research overview
• How does brain structure relate to
Consultant Lara Shekerdemian
long term function?
• Dan Penny and Lara Shekerdemian were invited speakers at
Major collaborator
International symposia in the USA,
• Howard Florey Institute
S; Italy, Scotland, UK and Germany . Group Leader
Group Leader
Dr Dan Penny
Associate Professor Terrie Inder
pennyd@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
indert@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
48
Asthma, Allergy & Immune Disorders Our research examines the immune and environmental abnormalities that lead to allergic diseases such as asthma, eczema and food allergy. These diseases are increasing dramatically in the childhood population. Our ultimate goal is to improve disease management or prevent disease onset. Research overview The Cytokine group examined cytokine imbaiances
TH2 responses in childhood. A long-term follow up
in chiidren with eczema and asthma, T-ceii
study of asthma patients demonstrated that
responses to aiiergens, and the deveiopment of
resolution of asthma symptoms was associated with
cytokine responses throughout chiidhood. The
changes in cytokine profiles.
• Adhesion molecules play an important role in i/> ai UJ
the development of asthma
infiammation in asthma. Novei treatments targeting
The role of adhesion molecules L-selectin and
cytokines or adhesion
moiecuies are being
ICAM-1 in lung inflammation was examined in an
Major collaborator
investigated. The Aiiergic Diseases group examined
animal model of asthma. They were found to play
• National Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health
the infiuence in eariy iife of environmentai factors
critical roles in this process, and their roles in
(air quaiity, bedding, eariy virai infection) on the
asthma will be further delineated. Novel treatments
deveiopment of aiiergy. The Food Aliergy group
targeting ICAM-1 or IL4 are under evaluation.
mediated
food
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r)
adhesion moiecuies in the deveiopment of iung
Role of adhesion molecules in asthma
non-igE
o
inhibit airway inflammation in asthma • Cow milk hypersensitivity is an important cause
Asthma group examined the roies of cytokines and
investigated
Q
• A novel asthma therapy targeted to IL4 may
of infant irritability and distress
03
>-
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< < 5 I
aiiergy
CO
<
syndromes and their roies in infant irritabiiity and
Research outcomes
gastro-oesophageai
• Demonstrated that cytokine release in childhood
refiux, and the immune
mechanisms underiying these conditions.
is age related • The TH1 response to allergens is increased in
Human cytokine imbalances in atopic disease Contrary to generally held beliefs, the immune response to allergens stimulated increased TH1 and
allergic children • Resolution of asthma is associated with changes in cytokine production
Group Leader Dr Mimi Tang tangm@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
49
Child Developmenf & Rehabilitation Our commitment is to children with disabilities such as cerebral palsy, intellectual impairment and autism spectrum disorders. The research program has two important aims: to learn more about the causes of childhood disability; and to improve treatment methods to ensure the best possible outcomes for children and their families. Research overview
Highlights of the year
During 2001, we investigated the antecedents
evidence as to whether a more intensive home-
of severe cerebral
palsy,
based service, in conjunction with a centre-based
with
predisposing
mutations
thromboembolism.
including the link to
service, leads to better outcomes for families and
In collaboration with the
children. The study has the potential to guide best
carriers
departments of Orthopaedics and Physiotherapy, we
practice both in Australia and overseas.
assessed functional outcomes following Botulinum
• A cerebral palsy research workshop with 130 participants from across Australia • Publication of the "Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function" • Commencement of research in the area of autism spectrum disorders
toxin, in evaluating single event multilevel surgery,
Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register
and in studying Botulinum toxin and bracing for hip
This was redeveloped during 2001, providing
problems in cerebral palsy. A multidisciplinary group
important data about the epidemiology of cerebral
investigated spasticity management, including the
palsy and generating cohorts for further studies
use of baclofen infusions. Research in saliva control
into causes and treatment outcomes.
• Collaboration with Westmead Children's Hospital studying outcomes of intrathecal baclofen infusions
progressed with an orthodontic device being evaluated. Our Uncle Bobs Child Development
Research outcomes
Centre aimed to determine the best methods of
• Wellbeing in mothers of children with cerebral
providing services to children and families.
palsy is related to degree of social support and amount of perceived stress
Early childhood intervention Do more intensive services improve outcomes for
• Increased risk of cerebral palsy related to co-twin death was similar for same and different sex twin
children with developmental delay and their
pairs and was observed across all birth weights
families? This innovative project will provide
and gestations
Group Leader Dr Dinah Reddihough reddihod@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
50
Orthopaedics - Hugh Williamson Gait Analysis Service Orthopaedics looks after children who have had bone injuries and those who are affected by chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Gait Analysis focuses on investigating how children walk^ what can be done to help them walk better, and what impact limited walking ability has on their lives. J 1 1
l I
lO
Research overview
Surgery for children with cerebral palsy
Research outcomes
The Hugh Williamson Gait Analysis Service sees
There are numerous different operations for children
• Improved outcomes for children who have had
children routinely to investigate walking difficulties.
with cerebral palsy and very little evidence to suggest
Most of these children have cerebral palsy or spina
which are good and which are bad. We have an
• Identified optimum dose of Dysport® (Botulinum
bifida. The first aim of our research is to better
ongoing research program to evaluate orthopaedic
Toxin) for children with diplegic cerebral palsy
understand exactly why these children have
surgery, to provide us with this information.
problems with walking. The second aim is to
u o uu < o_
o X
orthopaedic surgery for cerebral palsy
a:
o
Highlights of the year
evaluate how effective established techniques are
Thigh bone fractures
for helping these children. Finally we play a leading
When a bone is fractured, the pieces can either be
international role in pioneering new forms of
held firm by a plaster or an external fixator (a metal
treatment and evaluating their effectiveness.
frame on the outside of the leg). We have an
manufacturers of Gait Analysis Equipment, have
international collaboration with Toronto, Los Angeles
adopted Melbourne as its major international 6-
Walking patterns in children with cerebral palsy
and Auckland to find out which is more effective.
test site for software
children with cerebral palsy can walk. The aim of
Functional brain imaging and hemiplegia
Major collaborators
this project is to identify groups of children who
We have known for a long time that brain damage
• Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
walk similarly. By recognising these patterns,
can affect how the arm moves. This study is
• Richard Baker was recruited to lead the Hugh Williamson Gait Analysis Service • Oxford Metrics (UK), the major international
There are a wide range of different ways in which
i
treatment of individual children should be easier.
Group Leader Professor H Kerr Graham grahamk@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
/
suggesting for the first time that how the arm is
Major sponsor
treated can affect how the brain behaves;
• Nike
ANNUAL
REPORT
200 I
51
Paediatric Anaesthesia We investigate any and every aspect of nursing practice. Our focus is wide and extremely varied, iQwever the commpivjci*
Each year, almost 17,000 children undergo procedures at the Royal Children's Hospital, many involving significant risks. Our group is committed to evaluating and improving pain management and care of children before, during and after their operations.
mm
best possible nursing care for patients and their families. Research outcome
Research Overview During 2001, we had 20 research
Oral sucrose administered to infants
studies in progress, covering topics
prior to heel lancing reduces the
as diverse as: the role of the family
pain of the procedure
ill
in providing health care; breastfeeding support;
development
of
best
3'
ft Highlight of the year
practice guidelines; assessment and
• Awarded DHS grant to evaluate the
management of pain; and nursing
role of Nurse Practitioner in stomal;
management of the critically ill.
therapy/continence and wound management
Research overview We
currently
have
15
projects
underway, investigating all aspects of the care of children having procedures that
require
pain
management.
Outcomes assessed include traditional clinical outcomes, as well as patient and parent satisfaction, and the economic implications of our care. This research continually reshapes our current practice. Our main areas of research are; • Development and assessment of a new Care-By-Parent Unit • Assessment of the depth of anaesthesia by the monitoring of brain activity • Assessment of new drugs and techniques for pain control after
Role of nurses in development of
operations
evidence-based clinical pathways Lack of training in the skills necessary
5 j
to use research in clinical practice is a ^ja known barrier to evidence-based care.
.
11" ii'
*‘“" This project examines how this barrier impacts on nursing's collaborative
V: ..iJ
approach to patient care with other
Major collaborators • School of Public Health, University
^11
of Melbourne
g;ii
Major Sponsors • National Health and Medical
j
health professionals.
Research Council • ANZ College of Anaesthetists • Helen MacPherson-Smith Trust
Group Leader Dr Chris Bolton
Group Leader Associate Professor Linda Johnston johnstol@cryptic.rch.uninielb.edu.au
,
boltonc@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au Iff:
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
52
Neurosciences Epilepsy, disorders of brain development and neuromuscular diseases can be extremely disabling conditions in childhood and beyond. Our research covers the genetic causes of epilepsy, epilepsy drug trials, molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal human cortical development, and the role of brain scanning and surgery in curing epilepsy. Finding a cure for muscular dystrophy is the main focus of our muscle research. Research overview
Surgery for hypothalamic hamartoma
Muscular dystrophy research
CO UJ
There are ongoing studies of surgical treatment for
and epilepsy
• A variety of techniques of gene repair of the
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refractory epilepsy, with new imaging modalities
Pioneering epilepsy brain surgery for children with
mdx mouse point mutation have been
and
intractable
attempted this year. These techniques include
surgical
techniques
being
investigated.
epilepsy
due
to
hypothalamic
U
Functional MRI was used to study expressive
hamartomas, attracted patients from all over the
Short Fragment Homologous Replacement
language in children with brain abnormalities and in
world including USA and UK. Ongoing research
(SFHR), electroporation and microinjections. Some
normal children. Research into the genetics of
promises to unravel the mysteries of this condition.
encouraging results were obtained and further
epilepsies and the discovery of several genes
Functional MRI in children
these techniques in human cell lines.
epilepsy led to the characterisation of familial responsible for seizure. New projects include the
We have utilised this brain scanning technique, which provides pictures of brain function rather
Highlights of the year
basis
22q11-deletion
than structure, to image brain activity associated
• Andrew Kornberg was appointed Director of
syndrome, in the hope of further expanding the
with language production in 45 normal children
knowledge
mechanisms
aged 7 to 15 years. A consistent pattern of localised
underlying abnormal human cortical development.
activation was seen across these groups. This helps
Neuromuscular research involved attempted repair
us understand language development in children
of damaged genes in Duchenne and Emery-Dreifuss
and to plan brain surgery in children with tumours
muscular dystrophies, with encouraging results.
and epilepsy.
patients of
with
the
the
molecular
1/5
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z
studies are underway to assess the applicability of
study of the neurological phenotype and molecular of
u
Neurology • Dr Rick Leventer was awarded an MCRI Career Development Award • The epilepsy surgical program caught worldwide print and TV media attention
Group Leader Dr Andrew Kornberg kornberg@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
53
Psychological Development
I
Mental health problems contribute greatly to our society's health burden. Issues such as anxiety depression, attentional problems, learning difficulties and cognitive impairments can affect relationships, emotions, and normal development. Our research is aimed at learning more about these disorders and enables the development of effective prevention and intervention programs.
research to identify risk factors psychological
disorders and
emotional distress in childhood. Other research involves
investigating
developmentally
programs to maximise recovery and quality of life.
We are conducting outcome studies with children,
The Community Mental Health group is responsible
adolescents and adults that were born with an
for mental health outcome studies and intervention
inter-sex condition and treated at RCH. We will
programs in the community, while Consultation and
determine the effect of medical treatment on the
Liaison Psychiatry investigates the mental health
general
issues associated with acute and chronic medical
relationships, body image, gender identity, and
conditions.
sexuality of people with inter-sex conditions.
Neuropsychological and psychosocial
Highlights of the year
sequelae of cerebellar tumour in children
• Brigid Jordan (Social Work) and Cathy Catroppa
This study aims to elucidate the role of the cerebellum in the cognitive and behavioural problems observed in children with these tumours and to describe the role of deficits of attention and
health,
mental health,
i
interpersonal
were awarded PhDs • Dr Cathy Catroppa was awarded an NHMRC Research Fellowship • Pfizer awarded funding for a randomised
information processing in delayed acquisition of
controlled study that assesses the effectiveness
academic skill over time.
of SSRIs in reducing symptoms in children with
tV
Cognitive-behavioural therapy for childhood
The Clinical & Developmental Psychology group is associated with
condition
Asperger Syndrome
Research overview
conducting
Outcomes for people born with an inter-sex long-term outcome, and designs early intervention
the
effectiveness
appropriate
of
intervention
programs. Our Child Neuropsychological group is investigating the impact of brain pathology across childhood to identify factors that predict short and
anxiety disorders
Major sponsors
Anxiety disorders in children are associated with a
• Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
wide range of short and longer-term psychological
• Rotary
problems. This study is a randomised, controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders in a mental health service compared with other treatments currently offered in mental health services around the world.
Group Leader Professor Margot Prior priorm@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
54
I
>:
ii
w
Cell & Matrix Biology Diseases of cartilage, bone and muscle represent a significant clinical problem. Our knowledge of the causes of many of these conditions is incomplete, as is the basic understanding of the biology and control of tissue development, structure and breakdown.
of important structural proteins, leading to brittle
juvenile chronic arthritis. Our research program studies
bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta), cartilage
the complex biochemical processes that lead to joint
disease (chondrodysplasias) and muscle disease
disease by identifying the enzymes involved in
(myopathies). Another major research effort of the
cartilage destruction, detailing their catabolic activities
Unit is aimed at elucidating the pathways of
and unravelling the mechanisms that control their
cartilage destruction in arthritis.
expression in cartilage.
Growth cartilage disorders
Research outcomes
Research on mutations of collagen X In inherited
• Definition of the molecular genetics of Bethlem
cartilage disorders has shown that these reduce collagen X production, or its ability to form stable structures, leading to deleterious changes in growth cartilage organisation. Our studies are leading to a better understanding of the role and structure of
myopathy • Characterisation of mutations in the inherited cartilage disease Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia • Development of a laboratory model for analysis of collagen dysfunction and therapeutic intervention in
Our studies are directed at defining these
collagen X In cartilage development and growth,
biochemical pathways, so that new diagnostic and
and will have Implications for better therapeutic
brittle bone disease - osteogenesis imperfecta
clinical treatments can be developed to improve the
strategies and the development of biomaterlals for
• Development of a new program investigating the
quality of life of children affected by debilitating
cartilage repair.
role of steroids in fetal lung development
musculoskeletal diseases.
!
Molecular basis of myopathies
Highlights of the year
Research overview
Our work in this area focuses on the inherited
• John Bateman invited to serve on the NHMRC
The extracellular matrix of musculoskeletal tissues is
muscle wasting disorder, Bethlem myopathy, which
an intricate network of proteins, which provide
is caused by mutations in the three collagen VI
both structural scaffolding and regulatory signals
genes. In muscle, collagen VI microfibrils surround
article for the prestigous journal Nature
for cellular growth and tissue development. Our
each cell and they are critical for normal function of
• Amanda Fosang awarded $98,000 from the
research is directed at understanding the synthesis,
the muscle fibres. We have developed two new
regulation, structure, function and degradation of
genetic tests so we can rapidly screen patients for
these complex matrices in development and in
collagen VI mutations,
inherited and acquired diseases. Studies on collagen
diagnosis and genetic counselling for families.
This will allow accurate
Program Grant Committee • Amanda Fosang invited to write a New&Views
Mizutani Foundation for Glycoscience Research Major sponsors • National Health and Medical Research Council • Mizutani Foundation for Glycoscience Research
diseases have defined many mutations in this family Cartilage damage in arthritis Arthritis affects all sectors of the community, including Group Leader Professor John Bateman bateman@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
children who can be severely incapacitated with ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
56
Molecular Development Children of uncertain sex are born one in every 4,000 births and cause major concern. Our research aims to understand how changes in the development of testes or ovaries may result in children with ambiguous genitalia. This knowledge will improve the care of these children and will provide unique insights into the development and disease of other organs. Research overview
Gene functions
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Highlights of the year
Development of a testis or ovary requires the
We are analysing the function of these newly
• Andrew Sinclair was invited to speak at the
coordinated functioning of many genes and
identified genes in gonad development by over
Novartis Foundation Symposium, London
proteins. A breakdown at any point in this complex
expressing or down-regulating them in isolated
developmental pathway may lead to a child of
gonads grown in vitro. This will show whether a
uncertain sex. We have previously identified a
novel candidate gene can cause an undeveloped
number of key genes in gonad development.
gonad to become a testis or an ovary. This will
Recently, we have also identified other genes that
enable us to unravel the complex interactions
have a
between genes in this developmental network.
potential
role
in testis and
ovary
S Q_
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LU
• Andrew Sinclair was invited to join the NHMRC
Q
Fellowships Committee
r>
u
• Jocelyn van den Bergen was the top Bachelor of
o
Science Honours student • Participation in the Biomedical Research exhibit at Museum Victoria
development. We are now analysing the function of these genes to see how they interact with each
Research outcomes
other to form a testis or ovary. This research aims to
• Identified 90 candidate testis-determining genes
discover how these genes contribute to cases of
• Identified 11 candidate ovary-determining genes
uncertain sex in children.
• Developed new techniques for analysing the function of genes in the gonad
I
Novel genes in testis and ovary development We have recently identified 101 genes, which are new candidates for testis or ovary development. We will be further analysing their role in the development of these organs.
Group Leader Associate Professor Andrew Sinclair sindair@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
200 1
SJ
Embryology Embryos dramatically change their shape through controlled re-positioning of cells. We are tracking how this occurs normally, and how it goes wrong in birth defects. We also focus on invasive cancers, where many of the same steps re-appear in uncontro led form.
Research overview
Functional studies on Treacle
The focus of the Embryology Group is the neural
Treacher Collins Syndrome Is a genetic defect in
crest system. This originates in the central nervous
early embryonic development of the face. This
system, but the ceils migrate away to form the
project is a pioneering functional study of Treacle,
peripheral nervous system and craniofacial tissues.
the protein responsible, and its role in normal cell
These are disproportionately involved in human
and developmental biology.
birth
defects. We are studying
craniofacial
abnormalities such as DiGeorge Syndrome to throw
Highlights of the year
light on normal development, and using normal
• Damien Bates received the Toshiya
development events to understand nervous system abnormalities such as Hirschsprung's Disease. In parallel, we also study carcinoma metastasis, which has features common to neural crest development, suggesting that the former is an uncontrolled
Yamada Award • Sonja McKeown was awarded a Keystone (USA) Travel Grant • Don Newgreen was awarded a new NHMRC project grant
version of normal development.
• Peter Farlie received the Ramaciotti Award
Human breast cell line model of metastasis
Major collaborators
We have identified the first model for inducible
• Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology,
epithelium-mesenchyme transition in a human
Melbourne University
breast carcinoma cell-line. This will enable us to
• VBCRC Invasion and Metastasis Unit
identify cancer genes via microarrays available for
• St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research
human cancers.
Group Leader Dr Donald Newgreen newgreen@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
58
Craniofacial Sciences Our aim is to understand the causes and improve treatment of craniofacial disorders such as cleft lip and palate, through a combination of laboratory and clinical research. The Craniofacial Sciences Consortium (CFSC) was established to facilitate the flow of information and expertise between clinical and scientific groups with common interests in craniofacial biology. Research overview
Cleft lip and palate
CO LU
Approximately 110 children are born each year in
A CLP database has been established that will
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Victoria with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). Children
enable detailed analysis of factors involved in the
o 00
born with CLP can be treated in a range of ways
cause, progression and outcome of treatment. The
u
including surgery, dentistry and speech pathology.
power of this registry is that information from many
However, outcomes of these treatments vary
disciplines is being brought together in a way that
Q z
enormously and while many children respond very
does not occur during normal clinical practice.
u
u
<
well, others are left with serious problems that persist for life. In the majority of cases there is no
Treacher Collins Syndrome
explanation for this variation and importantly, no
TCS affects the lower half of the face and often
way of predicting which child will respond poorly to
involves cleft palate. The gene responsible for this
treatment. We are trying to establish the basis of
condition is known but can be mutated in many
this variation by determining factors that correlate
different ways to cause TCS. We will use our
with a given outcome and can therefore be useful
registry to investigate the relationship between the
cues to determine the best course of treatment for
specific mutation in this gene and the response to
an individual.
treatment. Highlight of the year • Establishment of CFSC research forums to foster exchanges between clinicians and scientists
Group Leader Dr Sheena Reilly S.Reilly@latrobe.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
59
Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
i
Research in our group encompasses basic and applied areas of microbiology and infectious diseases. The main theme of basic research is bacterial infections, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms by which bacteria cause disease. This research is partly directed towards discovering novel means to detect and characterise infectious agents in patients' specimens and to restrict the spread of these agents between patients.
group investigated the immune response of patients to infection with these bacteria. The Streptococcus group investigated the pathogenic mechanisms of group B streptococci. Pathogenesis of diarrhoea caused by E. coli Some important advances in our research effort during the past year included the discovery of the mechanism by which some strains of E. coli secrete toxins that cause diarrhoea. We also learned more about the ways in which pathogenic strains of E. coli evolve from harmless strains. Host-pathogen relations Another significant achievement was the finding that patients with
Buruli
ulcer (caused
by
Mycobacterium ulcerans) respond to infection mainly by producing antibodies to the bacteria,
Research overview
whereas asymptomatic household contacts show
The Yersinia group examined the way in which
both T-lymphocyte and antibody responses.
Yersinia enterocolitica strains of biotype 1A cause
Group Leader Professor Roy Robins-Browne rbrowne@unimelb.edu.au
disease. One focus of the E. coli group was atypical
Major collaborators
strains of enteropathogenic E. coli with a view to
• Associate Professor Paul Johnson, Austin &
discovering their pathogenic mechanisms and
Repatriation Medical Centre
clinical correlations. The Mycobacterium ulcerans
• Dr Elizabeth Hartland, Monash University
c;
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
60
i
Gastroenterology & Clinical Nutrition We focus on a wide range of problems affecting the nutrition and health of children, including allergies, infections and inflammatory changes in the gut, liver diseases, cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease and constipation. Research is designed to identify causes and best treatments. Research overview
Major collaborators
Our group has a wide range of research interests,
the community. Collaborations across Australia
which successfully combine laboratory, clinical and
have helped to understand the spread of this virus,
public health areas. Strong collaborations exist with
establishing a logical basis for the use of vaccines.
other groups in the MCRI and Royal Children's
tz
Development • CDC Atlanta: Gastroenteritis Division
z < y z 13
• National Institutes of Health, USA
Hospital, as well as nationally and internationally. The
Research outcomes
• Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research
strength of our research lies in its relevance to clinical
• Rotavirus cross infection via staff is a problem in
• Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide
problems and the treatment of diseases in children.
z Q
• PT BioFarma Bandung, Indonesia: RV Vaccine
hospitals
u
05
• Victorian Infectious Disease Research Laboratory O
• Emerging rotavirus serotypes influence vaccine Short bowel syndrome This study is defining the adaptive response after massive small bowel resection in a porcine model. The efficacy of treatment with glucagon-like peptide-2 and growth factors are being studied in both animal and human models.
design • Dietary complexity and colostrum influence gut adaptation • Nutrition support services improve delivery of parenteral nutrition • Pathological reflux is an unlikely cause of infant
o Major sponsors
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• World Health Organisation (WHO)
O
• National Health and Medical Research Council
00
• Department of Health and Aged Care
O
<
• Department of Human Services • GlaxoSmithKline, SHS Nutricia, Norgine
distress Epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Australia
• Poor agreement between oesophageal pH and
We are examining the factors leading to cross
histopathology in distressed infants
infection of rotavirus in hospitals and the causes
• Improved growth following diagnosis of
and behaviour of outbreaks of specific serotypes in
asymptomatic coeliac disease in diabetics • Substance-P deficiency not a cause of slowed colonic transit
Group Leader Anthony G Catto-Smith cattosmt@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
61
Surgical Research Childhooc conaitions that are usually treated surgically are the focus of our research. We aim to understand the biology of these conditions, forming the basis for less invasive treatment methods. Intestinal neuronal dysplasia and male infertility (due to lack of testicular descent in childhood) are key areas
of study.
Slow transit constipation
Research outcomes
Abnormal bowel function resulting in chronic
• Detailed study of regulatory factors for male
constipation in children is a major research interest
germ stem cells has shown that somatic cells of
- the recent focus has been on accurately
the testis have profound control of germ cell
determining the correct diagnosis in these children.
proliferation through the activin/inhibin pathway.
Preliminary 24-hour manometric studies confirm
Purification of type A spermatogonial stem cells
that large bowel motility is very abnormal in
using fluorescent activated cell sorting has
children with slow transit constipation. Histological
allowed culture of large numbers of cells and
correlation with the clinical and functional studies
will enable gene transfer into these cells, giving
suggests that intestinal neuronal dysplasia includes
germ line transmission of genetic traits. This
a group of related disorders of colonic innervation.
approach will enable future gene therapy applications and generation of transgenic mice,
Spermatogonial proliferation This research is directed to understanding the regulation of male germ cell proliferation and gene expression at and just after birth, when the life-long
with improved efficiencies. • A new gene (Claspin), expressed in neonatal germ cells, has been discovered and its function is currently being investigated.
spermatogenic stem cells are being laid down. A unique culture system has been established in this
Major collaborators
laboratory to grow spermatogenic stem cells in
• Howard Florey Institute
vitro. This has facilitated studies of the action of
• Zoology Department, University of Melbourne
growth factors, which effect proliferation, stem cell
• Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology,
regeneration and reconstitution of fertility, which is tested by transplantation of cultured germ cells into
University of Melbourne • Rotary Bone Marrow Laboratory, RMH
a sterile testis. Major sponsors • Gotta Get a Life Foundation • Nidkids Parents Support Group • ABC Auxiliary
Group Leader Professor John M Hutson hutsonj@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
62
Hormone Research Our research is focussed on hormonal disorders in children, particularly diabetes, with its devastating long-term effects on eyes, kidneys and the developing brain; disorders of sexual development; disorders of growth; and disorders of bone development, potentially leading to osteoporosis. Our goal is to prevent the long-term adverse consequences of these conditions in early life. Research overview
Bone disorders
Research outcomes
The diabetes and neuroscience research groups
The impact of chronic disease on bone mineral
• Identified a screening strategy to predict which
studied diabetes in adolescence and effects of
accrual was examined, and treatment trials
children will have poorer health outcomes in
LU 1/5 LU
blood glucose control on brain development and
continued for use of bisphosphonates and vitamin
diabetes
LU
function. The healthy bones unit utilised the new
D metabolites in childhood bone disorders such as
bone densitometer to gather information on
osteogenesis imperfecta and osteoporosis due to a
osteogenesis imperfecta is safe and effective
normal bones and the effects of intervention for
variety of chronic diseases. The Vitamin D status of
• Demonstrated that damaging effect of glucose
diseases affecting bone development. Studies of
chronically ill and disabled children was studied.
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(j
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• Showed bisphosphonate treatment of
X
starvation on nerve cells can be reversed by IGFs, and identified the intracellular pathways involved
sexual development included a large cooperative
in these processes
program following up people born with uncertain
Growth factors, diabetes and the brain
gender, a study on psychological aspects of Turner
Small blood vessels from the eye and kidney were
syndrome, and the role of the androgen receptor in
examined to determine how insulin-like growth
Highlights of the year
neurological disease.
factors (IGFs) promote tissue damage in diabetes.
• Invited lectures in Thailand, India, Vietnam,
Human nerve cells were also studied to investigate Diabetes and quality of life
the role of IGFs in protecting the young brain from
This project focused on diabetes issues in
the damaging effects of low blood glucose.
Germany, Canada, China and Japan • Published thirteen scientific papers, five book chapters and guidebooks for parents on diabetes and long-term cancer effects
adolescence, when control frequently deteriorates leading to early complications. It is establishing the
New roles for the androgen receptor
nature of the negative relationship between
This project investigated novel roles for the androgen
Major sponsors
diabetes control and adverse social factors and
receptor and may lead to new treatments for motor
• National Health and Medical Research Council
quality of life. Rational intervention studies will be
neurone disease and common conditions such as
• Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
designed to reverse these patterns.
male-pattern baldness. Research began on a mouse
• Motor Neuron Disease Research Institute
model of a motor neuron disease associated with an
• Pharmacia, Novo Nordisk, Elly Lilly, Serono
abnormal androgen receptor gene. Group Leader Professor George Werther werther@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
63
Pituitary Research
Staph & Strep Research i
Most children who are .== goal is to use pituitary stem cells to ! develop new therapies for pituitary born with pituitary i disorders. gland defects fail to k Highlight projects thrive, and in some • Identifying the genetic basis of a cases have severe pituitary disorders in children symptoms which are • Identifying genes that control potentially fatal. A pituitary formation in man and major mouse is develop Research outcomes ..ce|I“bp|ed. therapies
for shildren with pituitary disorders, y5ing fheiatetf" 'advances IriWIri^'cell
Rheumatic fever, septic and toxic shock and Kawasaki's disease are associated with toxins arising from the "Golden Staph" and streptococcus bacteria and other important microbes. We hope to better diagnose and treat these diseases in children.
• Demonstrated that changes in the HESX1 gene are associated with pituitary disorders in children • Identified a region on the X chromosome that contains a malespecific pituitary disease gene
Around 1 in 2,000 children have a pituitary disorder. Pituitary hormone deficiencies in children cause poor growth and metabolism, infertility and an inability to deal with sickness and stress. We have identified genes that cause pituitary disorders in humans using mouse models. Our long term
pituitary "stem" cells
3
I f
septic shock, and a new blood test for Rheumatic fever in the Aboriginal population of the Northern Territory • Identification and characterisation of novel staphylococcal superantigen toxins Highlights of the year • Awarded two new NHMRC grants • Jonathan Carapetis won the Australian Society of Infectious Research in Infectious Diseases
Our research focuses on the causes, and
staphylococcal
management and
of
streptococcal
diseases, especially those that are exploring the pathogenic roles of superantigen
toxins
and
the
epidemiology of these diseases, with
grant Genetics and Developmental
therapeutic peptide in toxic and
thought to be toxin related. We are
NHMRC project grant, and Eli Lily • Published in Human Molecular
Research overview diagnosis
Highlights of the year • Paul Thomas was awarded a new
• Development and testing of a novel
Diseases Award for Advanced i -:l
• Identified a marker gene for Research overview
Highlight projects
*
the aim of developing new methods of
I
diagnosis and treatment.
Biology
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Group Leader Dr Paul Thomas
Group Leader
thomasp@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
visvanak@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
Dr Kumar Visvanathan
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
64
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Genetics Education We provide genetics education programs for health professionals, school and tertiary students, teachers, consumers of genetics services and the general public. Our research focuses on what genetics information people want to know, and how and when they want to be educated. Our programs are evaluated to help design future programs. GeniOtC
Research overview We assess the knowledge of various groups and
has been conducted and resources have been
their attitudes towards and needs for genetics
developed, including Prenatal Diagnosis workshops.
education. This enables us to tailor a variety of Experiences of parents who have a child with
groups. The educational resources we have
a bone dysplasia
produced include: brochures and booklets; kits
High
containing worksheets for primary and secondary
disclosure of a disability have been reported. This
schools;
interactive
study examines their experience of disclosure of a
multimedia learning aids incorporating videos; the
bone dysplasia, in an attempt to make the process
geneCRC website; a genetics resource folder for
less distressing for parents.
teaching
aids;
miracles, ethical dilemmas (written and developed by Fiona Cunningham) will be distributed free to all
educational resources to meet the needs of these
CD-Rom
levels of parental
Australian secondary schools, providing resources for students and teachers on human genetics and
dissatisfaction with
general practitioners; and specialised workshops. We
the ethical issues that surround new technologies and their applications to medicine. The genETHICS competition was extended in 2001 to include NSW, in addition to Victoria, Tasmania and Queensland. It culminated in an exciting Grand
also conduct research to evaluate the effectiveness of
Educational resources
these educational programs, as well as being
• GeneTalk2 - PowerPoint presentation on gene
; which was a debate on genetic testing featuring
involved in community genetic screening programs.
technology with detailed speaker notes for
; Professor Bob Williamson and Dr Tom Shakespeare
Final at the. Melbourne Museum, a highlight of
. ■■vtijsass
senior secondary school teachers and students GP education
/*
The interactive CD-Rom genelSSUES: medical
• Medical Genetix - Interactive CD-Rom covering
Many Victorian GPs are aware that advances in
medical genetics for tertiary students
genetic technologies will impact on their work and acknowledge that their level of knowledge of
Major collaborators
genetics may be inadequate. A needs assessment
• Royal Australian College of General Practitioners • Department of Human Services • Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria • Museum Victoria
Group Leader Dr Sylvia Metcalfe. metcalfs@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
• NSW Genetics Education Program ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
66
Ethics We have consolidated our position at the forefront of ethicoh legal and social debates in genetics and health. Ongoing achievements in research, success in grant applications, and promoting professional and public debate marked our year in 2001.
Research overview
Research outcomes
The group continued to undertake world-class
• Julian Savulescu completed a book called
research in ethical theory and to publish on issues including:
cloning,
reproductive ethics, diagnosis,
stem
cell
technology,
pre-implantation
behavioural
genetics
Medical Ethics and Law • Published 14 journal articles
genetic
and
the
Highlights of the year
implementation of ethical guidelines. We are
• Rony Duncan achieved First Class Honours
engaged in interdisciplinary research with clinicians,
• Julian Savulescu offered Uehiro Chair in Applied
scientists and educationalists in MCRI, including for example, a theme research project that aims to develop 'world best practice' guidelines for the
Ethics, University of Oxford • Development of a new Journal of Medical Ethics
t/5
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site wvvw.jmedethics.com
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management of variations in sexual development. The project "Ethical issues in behavioural genetics"
Major collaborators
aims to answer questions such as whether genetic
• Centre for Medical Ethics, Oxford
tests for genes involved in behavioural traits such as
• Centre for Law and Genetics, Tasmania
addiction should be developed.
• Australian Institute of Health Law and Ethics • Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics
The "Devils Offer"
• Centre for Human Bioethics
Julian Savulescu and David McCarthy are examining
• Centre for the Study of Health and Society,
the value of non-medical information (such as
University of Melbourne
knowing the time of one's death or one's abilities) for well-being and autonomous decision-making. There is a strong philosophical base to this project. Prenatal testing and discrimination Julian Savulescu and Lynn Gillam are examining whether prenatal testing for conditions such as deafness
and
Down
syndrome
results
in
discrimination against the disabled. This project has a strong qualitative empirical research focus. Group Leader Professor Julian Savulescu savulesj@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
67
Cell & Gene Therapy The CAGT Research Group uses the knowledge and resources from the Human Genome Project to develop novel therapies for common childhood diseases. While some therapies may require the development of techniques to deliver genes into stem cells, regulating the expression of genes with drugs may treat many diseases.
f'
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Research overview
Thalassaemia
Research outcomes
Our group is focussing on the use of human genes,
About 300,000 children are born every year with
• Development of "humanised" mouse models for
isolated and sequenced as part of the Human
various haemoglobin abnormalities, but most of
thalassaemia, Friedreich ataxia and Methyl
Genome Project, to develop novel therapies for
them die by the age of 10, due to lack of effective
malonic aciduria - carrying normal or mutant
thalassaemia, Friedreich Ataxia, Wilson's disease
therapy. Our research aims to correct the genetic
copies of the corresponding human genes, they
and Methyl malonic aciduria. We are delivering
defect in the bone marrow stem cells, or to
are invaluable for preclinical testing of gene
normal human genes into stem cells to achieve
stimulate the production of fetal haemoglobin
therapy and pharmacological procedures
long-term therapy. At the same time, we are
pharmacologically, to compensate for the defective
• Development of assays for drugs that may be
developing assays to identify drugs that may be
production of adult haemoglobin.
therapeutic for Friedreich ataxia and thalassaemia
therapeutic by overcoming the effects of specific mutations or by stimulating the activity of
Friedreich ataxia
complementing genes, so as to compensate for
Friedreich ataxia is a severe neurological disease for
Highlights of the year
mutations in any gene of interest.
which there is no effective therapy. Although
• Panos loannou and Jim Vadolas were invited to
frataxin, the protein affected, is needed in all
present their results at the International
tissues, the heart and some regions of the brain are
Conference on Thalassaemia in Athens
more sensitive than other tissues. Our research aims
• Registered SciBAC Pty Ltd to commercialise
to develop drugs to overcome the effects of the
CAGT research
most common mutation and thus increase the level of frataxin to therapeutic levels in all tissues.
Major sponsors • Brockhoff Foundation
Liver diseases
• Muscular Dystrophy Association, USA
Wilson's disease. Methyl malonic aciduria and
• Thalassaemia International Federation
others are among a number of liver diseases with
• Friedreich Ataxia Support Groups
life threatening complications. Our research aims to develop liver cell therapy using liver cells from donors or the patient's own cells after gene therapy. Group Leader Associate Professor Panos loannou ioannoup@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
68
Dermal Therapeutics When you look at someone's skin, what you see is the epidermis. We study how the epidermis responds to stresses like UV radiation and abrasion, we are trying to learn how the epidermis renews itself to maintain healthy skin. We are also developing a totally new skin therapy: a "gene cream" for the common skin disease psoriasis.
I
Research overview
"Gene cream" for psoriasis
Research outcomes
A complex network of growth factors or cytokines
Psoriasis is a disfiguring skin disease affecting 3% of
• Identified new cytokine regulatory mechanisms
controls skin growth. In the skin's outermost layer,
the
the epidermis, a particularly potent cytokine is
biotechnology company Antisense Therapeutics and
-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I). This year we
the world's
population.
In
leading
partnership antisense
with
company,
local Isis
y 3
• Demonstrated the potential for topical use of
<
the human IGF-I receptor antisense inhibitor
LLi
X
(DTI 064) in psoriasis lesions
continued our focus on the dissection and
Pharmaceuticals Inc, we are developing an antisense
manipulation of the epidermal IGF-1 response
inhibitor for use in a topical cream for clinical testing.
system because it is important in normal epidermal
In recognition of the quality of the MCRI Dermal
Highlights of the year
homeostasis and altered conditions like UV
Therapeutics antisense technology, the MCRI
• Chris Wraight was awarded a new NHMRC
damage, wound healing and skin cancer. In the
became the founding institutional partner in the
common skin disease psoriasis, which affects
successful listing of Antisense Therapeutics on the
children and adults, our powerful antisense
Australian Stock Exchange in December 2001.
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project grant • Awarded second USA patent on psoriasis antisense technology
oligonucleotide inhibitor of IGF-I action was tested
• Licenced our cutaneous antisense technology in
for its ability to penetrate psoriasis lesions. These
major commercial agreement with Antisense
results will be published in early 2002.
Therapeutics Ltd
Group Leader Dr Christopher Wraight wraight@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
CO
for IGFBP-3
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
69
Cancer Genomics Our group uses several new technologies to find the cause of diseases such as cancer and infections. We build on the discoveries made by the Human Genome Project, to identify the molecules that cause these diseases. We then use this knoAvledge to develop better ways of diagnosing and treating sick children.
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Research overview
Evaluating the causes of rheumatic heart
We use a combination of Gene Expression
disease
microarrays, array-based CGH,
This collaboration with Nigel Curtis, Jonathan
in-house and
commercially available bioinformatics, and high-
Carapetis and Roy Robins-Browne has just begun.
throughput molecular pathology techniques to
We intend to identify the reasons why some
identify the fundamental drivers of a range of
Aboriginal children get rheumatic heart disease, by
disease processes. The initial outcome of our
studying immune system function.
experiments yields a selection of validated disease drivers that then become the basis for developing
Highlights of the year
novel diagnostic tests and therapeutics. This
• Established functional genomics laboratory at
genome-scale approach
also yields
knowledge of the fundamental
in-depth
mechanisms
underlying disease development.
MCRI • Set up genomics-based bioinformatics facility • Began major studies on cancer and infectious diseases
Identification of novel diagnostic and r-
M
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therapeutic targets in cancer
Major collaborators
This project studies a range of cancer types. We have
• BioLateral Inc
already found several new genes that appear to be
• Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical R&D
driving the development of cancer. We are now
• John Curtin School of Medical Research
characterising these genes as a prelude to studying
• Monash Institute of Reproduction and
their expression in tumours from hundreds of cases.
Development • University of Cape Town Medical School • Walter and Eliza Hall Institute
Group Leader Associate Professor Deon Venter venterd@murdoch.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
70
i
Chromosome Research Gene therapy aims to fight disease by replacing altered genes with normal healthy ones. This is a promising approach for genetic diseases since treatments are targeted at the source. A key aim of our research is to develop a good molecular tool that can deliver normal functioning genes into patients. Research overview • Developed a novel chromatin immunoprecipitation
This laboratory has engineered a series of human
chromosome division, as well as provide a much-
artificial chromosomes that have the potential to be
needed tool to carry and express corrective genes
and array analysis method to investigate the
used as an ideal molecular tool to carry genes into
into patients for gene therapy treatment.
binding domains of key human centromere
patients
for
gene
therapy.
chromosomes
have
been
These the
proteins - several such domains have been defined
artificial
subjects
of
Centromere structure and function
X
u
using this technique
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international patents that provide the basis for a
In the many trillions of cell divisions that our body
biotechnology company currently being formed.
undergoes during its lifetime, the centromere plays a
Highlights of the year
Other ongoing studies have examined how
key role in ensuring that our genetic materials are
• Published 12 primary research and review papers
chromosomes divide properly. For these studies, we
passed on accurately from cell to cell. A major aim of
have developed a powerful system that enables us
our research is to understand how the centromere
to molecularly dissect the chromosome component
works in carrying out this important task.
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5
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• Completed filing of new international patent on
X
human artificial chromosome technology
u
• David Amor was awarded an NHMRC medical
that controls this division process at a level of detail not possible before.
in major journals
Analysis of human neocentromeres Neocentromeres are new centromeres that are
postgraduate research scholarship • Owen Marshall was awarded an Australian Postgraduate Award
Construction of mini chromosomes
formed in regions of a chromosome that normally
Human artificial chromosomes are laboratory-
do not exhibit centromere activity. Our laboratory
• Andy Choo was appointed NHMRC Senior
engineered mini chromosomes that can function
was the first to discover this phenomena and
Principle Research Fellow and Professor,
like normal chromosomes inside a cell. These
remains at the forefront of its study. Using human
University of Melbourne
artificial chromosomes will facilitate research into
neocentromeres as an amenable model system, we
the complex properties of the human chromosome,
have new insights into the properties of the human
Major sponsors
including the component (centromere) that controls
centromere.
• National Health and Medical Research Council • Ausindustry
Research outcomes
• AMRAD
• Constructed second-generation artificial chromosomes with improved properties for gene Group Leader Professor Andy Choo choo@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
delivery and gene expression
ANNUAL
REPORT
200 1
71
Gene Identification & Expression Many childhood and adult-onset conditions have a genetic cause. Our research is uncovering the underlying genetic factors and focusing on how these factors cause disease, often in combination with environmental factors. Our work has led to earlier detection, better understanding and therefore better management of hearing loss and neuromuscular disorders. Research overview
Neuromuscular disorders
We are using genetic and molecular techniques to
We are investigating neuromuscular disorders
identify and characterise genes associated with i)
caused by the inability of mitochondria to generate
hearing loss and ii) a group of neuromuscular
enough cellular energy. These disorders vary greatly
• Published 10 papers in international scientific
disorders caused by an inability to generate enough
in severity and clinical presentation. Mitochondrial
journals
energy. The genetic clinical features of both
disorders not only affect children, but are also
• Awarded a Muscular Dystrophy Association (USA)
conditions are relatively complex. Our research
Implicated In late-onset conditions like Parkinson's
therefore often Involves detailed studies of affected
disease and diabetes.
Hearing loss Hearing loss affects nearly 1 in 600 newborn children. Many more people develop hearing loss in adult life. We are studying how a common cause of
grant • Filed preliminary patent on genes associated
Research outcomes • Identified several genes important in hearing
Major sponsors
• Performed chromosome mapping of a novel
• Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial
deafness gene • Developed novel microarray techniques to detect mutations in deafness genes
deafness in children, the connexin 26 gene,
• Analysed of the inheritance of mitochondria in a
interacts with other genes and environmental
mouse model for mitochondrial neuromuscular
factors to cause deafness. With the help of affected
disorders
families, we are also identifying novel genes associated with deafness.
postdoctoral fellowship
with ADHD-like condition
families, studies done in close collaboration with our clinical colleagues.
• Michelle de Silva was awarded a Helen M Schutt
Foundation • National Health and Medical Research Council • Kimberley Foundation • The Gene CRC Major collaborators • New Children's Hospital, Sydney
Highlights of the year
• The Bionic Ear Institute, Melbourne
• Tuomas Klockars was awarded a Calvert-Jones postdoctoral fellowship
Group Leaders Associate Professor Henrik Dahl dahl@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
•Ui:
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
72
Gene Discovery Our research interesfs lie in finding genes that are responsible for nervous system problems from movement control to behaviour. Examining the normal function of the genes will help us to understand what goes wrong in disease and how to approach treatment or prevention. Research overview
Genes for an ADHD-like condition
Research outcomes
Two teams in behavioural genetics have been
A chromosomal inversion was found to segregate in
• Identified two altered genes in an "ADHD-like"
working to discover genes for quite different
a family with an impulsive behaviour reminiscent of
family
conditions. Using a family-based approach we have
ADHD. We established the two genes altered
• Mapped a second novel ataxia gene locus
discovered two genes that may cause attention
by this
• Identified protective and risk factors for tobacco
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We also
partially characterised and are being considered
dependence in genes involved in dopamine
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established population-based procedures to identify
as candidates to contribute to ADHD in the
metabolism and transport
CO
genes that increase susceptibility to tobacco
general population.
inversion.
These
genes
have
been
o u
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Highlight of the year
addiction. Our neurogenetic research aims to
o
• Jan Fullerton and Tom Van Agtmael completed
identify the genes causing familial nervous system
Genetics of tobacco dependence
disorders known as ataxias, which cause loss of
In collaboration with the Centre for Adolescent
PhD theses and took up postdoctoral positions in
motor control. With the cooperation of affected
Health, we aim to identify genetic determinants for
the UK
families another novel genetic locus (where the
tobacco dependence. Genes involved in response to
gene resides) has been identified and the search in
nicotine and the brain's 'reward' system are being
Major collaborators
a previously identified locus narrowed.
investigated. The ultimate aim is to utilise this
• The Gene CRC
information to design better treatment strategies
• Centre for Adolescent Health
for those most at risk of addiction.
Group Leader Dr Susan Forrest anney@murdoch.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
73
Mitochondrial Research Mitochondria ore the powerplants in our cells that burn food to generate energy. Severe mitochondrial diseases can cause death in infancy or neurodegenerative disease in childhood^ v^^hile milder forms cause adult disease and may contribute to diabetic complications and other diseases. Our research aims to improve diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Research overview Primary
disorders
Complex I deficiency energy
Respiratory chain complex I deficiency is the most
generation can be caused by mutations in
of
mitochondrial
• David Thorburn invited to speak at international
common energy generation disorder. Complex I
conferences in London and San Diego
potentially hundreds of nuclear genes, or in genes
consists of at least 44 different protein subunits,
• Denise Kirby was awarded the Jeff Crouch Memorial Scholarship
encoded by the mitochondrial DNA that we inherit
however most patients with Complex 1 deficiency
only from our mothers. Our research is focused in
do not appear to have mutations in these subunit
three major areas:
genes, and we have succeeded in mapping the
Major sponsors
location of two novel genes causing Complex I
• National Health and Medical Research Council
1) Improving methods for diagnosis, prenatal
deficiency. A region on chromosome 20 was
• Muscular Dystrophy Association (USA)
diagnosis and genetic counselling
mapped by homozygosity mapping and small
• Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (USA)
regions on either chromosome 11 or 18 were
• United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation
2) Applying molecular and cell biology methods to
identified in a patient with a chromosomal
identify the mode of inheritance and causative genes
translocation. Further studies will identify the genes and show if they are common causes of Complex I
3) Studying the roles of inadequate energy
deficiency.
generation and excessive production of reactive oxygen species, both in primary mitochondrial
Highlights of the year
disorders and in more common conditions (eg
David Thorburn was awarded an NHMRC Senior
diabetes)
Research Fellowship
where
mitochondrial
dysfunction
contributes to causing disease
David Thorburn co-edited a special issue of 1
the American Journal of Medical Genetics on mitochondrial disease
C'
Group Leaders
I
Dr David Thorburn thorburd@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
74
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Genetic Health Services Victoria
[
Executive Committee
Genetic Health Services Victoria
Geneti Hea th Services Victoria
• Delivers genetic diagnosis and counselling services through eight metropolitan hospitals and
b.
ten non-metropolitan centres, ensuring that services are accessible to all the people of Victoria • Is one of the largest genetic services in the world
supporting choice by diagnosis,
and one of few that includes both clinical and
counselling, education & research
diagnostic laboratory services under the one administration • Is a centre of excellence and a centre of training in genetics, providing genetics training to people who wish to work as Genetic Counsellors, Clinical Geneticists,
Cancer
Geneticists,
Metabolic
Physicians or specialists with an interest in genetics a. Agnes Bankier - Director b. Anne Cronin - Chief Operating Officer c. Sam Wake - Represents Genetic Counsellors d. James Pitt - Represents Biochemical Genetic e. f.
• Has the largest clinical genetics team in Australia • Has the largest chromosome laboratory and DNA diagnostic laboratory in Australia • Promotes informed choice working with advocacy groups of the Genetic Support Network of
Martin Delatycki - Represents Clinical Geneticists
Victoria to support patients and clients
Desiree du Sart - Represents DNA & Cytogenetics Laboratories
www.genetichealthvic.net.au
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
76
Genetic Health Director'is Report The Victorian Clinical Genetics Services provides
clinicians to work cooperatively. We established the
We continue to strive to maintain excellence in
genetic services to the state of Victoria, and to
RCH
a
clinical and laboratory diagnosis, counselling,
Tasmania. We are proud to have been closely
formalisation of our commitment to paediatric
education and research. Genetic Health in the next
integrated with the Murdoch Childrens Research
genetics on this campus. I am pleased to report that
two years needs to:
Institute (MCRI) and the Royal Children's Hospital
all six Genetic Health laboratories have achieved
(RCH) but our remit goes wider than this campus.
NATA accreditation at the highest level.
Genetic
Service,
which
represents
To emphasise this and give us a distinct identity, we renamed ourselves Genetic Health Services Victoria.
• Build on our close links in MCRI and establish funding for clinical genetic research
The Commonwealth Privacy Legislation came into effect on the 21st December 2001 and the new
• Upgrade laboratory equipment
- to raise an
estimated $1.2M
The Victorian Minister of Health, the Honourable
Victorian Health Records Act was enacted in March
• Continue to define our core business for clinical
John Thwaites launched the new name in June
2002. This legislation governs our practice. We are
and laboratory services and our role in adult
2001 at an event that was well attended by the
now fully compliant, having developed practice
genetics
media, more than 70 invited guests and some 150
procedures and a patient information brochure -
staff and colleagues. To mark the occasion we
with input from the Genetic Support Network of
developed a new web site and GP educational
Victoria (GSNV), our newly appointed Privacy Officer
workshops, sponsored by Genzyme and the
Samantha Wake and Quality Officer Robin Forbes.
Department of Human Services (DHS).
• Build on a leadership role in training and genetic
O o.
education
UJ
• Develop and monitor strategic planning with our
CO Qi.
o
stakeholders
u LU
• Monitor excellence in service delivery
5
A deliberate strategic decision was made to develop a The launch had excellent media coverage on all
plan for the future together with our stakeholders,
Our Team
television stations and newspapers, high-lighting
these being the hospitals where joint services are
enthusiasm. I take this opportunity to thank our
the funding of an expanded newborn screening-
provided, the DHS and community representatives
line-managers,
program. We were so successful in achieving a new
through the. Following a series of strategic planning
Williamson and Associate Professor Eric Haan, and
identity that we now have to re-establish that
workshops, management retreat was held.
our COO Anne Cronin, for their support and
A number of guests made important contributions
the past year.
Genetic Health is proudly part of the MCRI I Through the new management structure of Genetic
embraces these my
mentors
challenges with Professor
Bob
outstanding contributions to Genetic Health over including Bill Hodgson from our Board and Rosemary
Health, the younger consultants and genetic
Lester (DHS). The retreat achieved a strong strategic
counsellors have been initiated into management
direction and the outcomes were reported separately
roles and a forum was created for the scientists and
and distributed to all our stakeholders. Associate Professor Agnes Bankier Director, Genetic Health Services Victoria
V
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
77
Genetic Health Clinical Services
,3
Neurogenetics Program
Perinatal and Paediatric Genetics
Clinical Metabolic Services
Genetic Fiealth continues to provide diagnostic and
We provide diagnostic and therapeutic advice and
General neurogenetic clinics are conducted at RMH,
counselling services to couples having children
management for patients with a wide range of
The Alfred, MMC, St Vincent's and the Austin and
through clinics at RWFI, MHW, MMC and RCFI. We
inborn errors of metabolism. There is an increase in
Repatriation Medical Centre with neurologists. Two
also provide genetic advice to both Melbourne IVF and
the number of patients whose management is
multidisciplinary clinics are the neurofibromatosis
Monash IVF services. The team has expertise in the
shared with other disciplines such as Neurology and
clinic at the RCH, and a Friedreich ataxia clinic at
diagnosis of children with birth defects, chromosomal
other centres. With better control, the number of
MMC held in conjunction with the Monash Institute
anomalies and metabolic and skeletal disorders.
acute admissions has decreased, but 1-2 day
for Neurological Disease (MIND) - this is the first
admissions for diagnostic purposes have increased.
specific Friedreich ataxia clinic in the world. Ros Tassicker, Predictive Testing Counsellor, now sees
Bone Dysplasia Program
clients at both RCFI and MMC.
Inherited disorders of bone and cartilage represent
Community Screening Programs
a significant burden of disease and disability to the
Tay Sachs Disease Prevention Program in the past
community. We established the Southern Cross
five years and has tested almost 1000 high risk
Bone Dysplasia Centre, a referral centre for
Ashkenazi Jewish people. Year 11 students at
Family cancer centres have dedicated funding from
Familial Cancer Service
diagnosis and management of skeletal dysplasias,
Jewish day schools receive education about the
the DFIS. Our Familial Cancer Service provides
which receives referrals from around Australia, New
disease and are offered the opportunity to have
genetic counselling, psychological support and
Zealand and abroad.
Multi-disciplinary bone
carrier testing. The program is funded by generous
genetic testing to people who are concerned about
dysplasia clinics are conducted at RCFI, MMC, non
sponsorship from the Pratt Foundation, Mayne
their risk of developing cancer because of their
metropolitan clinics, and in Tasmania, South
Fiealth Dorevitch Pathology and anonymous donors.
family history of cancer. Genetic Fiealth also conducts clinics at non-metropolitan sites with
Australia and Auckland. Flaemscreen is a pilot project aimed at assessing the
cancer specialists. Our staff is also actively involved
feasibility of genetic screening for the preventable
in Familial Cancer Clinics at RMFI, MMC, and Peter
disease haemochromatosis - a disease due to excess
MacCallum Cancer Institute and in Tasmania.
iron in the body and can lead to liver and heart disease among others. This project is being
Genetic Health Clinics
undertaken by staff from Genetic Fiealth in
Geneticists, Genetic Counsellors and Social Workers
collaboration with MCRI and generously funded by
conduct the clinics at multiple sites. There are
the DHS.
permanent offices and shared genetic services at the following hospitals, where several clinics are conducted each week.
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
78
The Royal Children's Hospital and
The unit moved into new rooms allowing a 40%
The number of patients seen at the non
management of genetic conditions, ongoing
expansion of the service, which is involved in a
metropolitan clinics continues to increase. This is
education and teaching of health professionals and
broad range of genetic services including the
partly due to the strong relationships with the local
counselling and social support of patients and
We
provide
comprehensive
Southern Health Services diagnosis
Molecular Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis
paediatricians, GPs and other medical specialists
families. In addition to genetic and metabolic
(PGD) program for the state, in collaboration with
over many years of service. In addition, the staff
clinics, there are multi-disciplinary clinics with RCH
Monash IVF. In 2001 the first babies were born to
involved with the clinics has given numerous talks
specialists in neurogenetics, oncology, skin, eye and
couples involved in this program.
and seminars to local health professionals and
craniofacial units.
members of the public to raise awareness of the Melbourne Health
services within the local communities.
The Royal Women's Hospital
Genetic Health participates in the RMH Family
We provide genetic counselling, grief counselling
Cancer Centre and in the development of adult
Genetic Clinics are also conducted on a monthly
and specialised prenatal diagnosis. We have
genetic
basis at the Austin, the Alfred, Box-Hill, St Vincent's
strengthened the links with multi-disciplinary clinics
education at the RMH.
services
and
post-graduate
genetic
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and John Fawkner Hospitals.
of perinatal medicine and the fetal management, clinics with genetics staff concentrating on specific
Non-Metropolitan Outreach Clinics
genetic diagnosis and counselling issues and
The Genetic Health network of outreach clinics
X
general support and grief counselling by the
continued to grow this year. In addition to clinics at
< LJJ
genetic counsellors.
Ballarat,
y
Bendigo,
Shepparton,
Frankston,
Traralgon,
u t: X
Geelong, Sale, Warragul
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and
We have been actively involved in the planning of a
Warrnambool, and now in Mildura. The clinics are
new booking clinic - preparing women for the range
conducted once every two to three months in each
of genetic screening that is now available - and the
centre. Patients attending the clinics continue to
thalassaemia clinic is now formed as a multi
report their satisfaction with the services, as they
disciplinary clinic of haematologist, paediatrician,
are glad they no longer need to travel long
obstetric specialist, geneticist and genetic counsellor.
distances to access.
O
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
79
It
Laboratory Services Biochemical Genetics Laboratories Maternal Serum Screening The number of women undergoing either first or second trimester screening for Down syndrome has continued to steadily grow during 2001. The year has seen an enhancement of the first trimester combined screening service with strong interaction between ultrasound practices, and an increasing number of obstetricians and antenatal services
with inborn errors of metabolism. These disorders
chromosome
usually disrupt an enzyme involved in the breakdown
gynaecology, male infertility, IVF, neonatal medicine,
This laboratory tests approximately 65,000 babies each year for phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital hypothyroidism and cystic fibrosis. Early recognition of these conditions is important as effective therapies are available that can greatly improve the quality of life for these children. With funding from the DHS, an expanded newborn-screening program using a tandem mass spectrometer (TMS) has been introduced. The value of the expanded program has been demonstrated by the finding of an additional 3 children with metabolic conditions (including 2
Metabolic Screening This laboratory provides a comprehensive, statewide service for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients
prenatal
diagnosis,
paediatrics, neurology, oncology and toxicity testing.
accumulation of metabolic intermediates in blood and
The laboratory is essentially self-funding, raising its
urine. Samples from patients exhibiting symptoms that
revenue from Medicare, hospital and private billing,
might indicate an inborn error of metabolism are
from Victoria and Tasmania. Two successful initiatives
tested for a wide variety of metabolites such as amino
have been the rapid interphase testing for prenatal
acids, organic acids and carnitine derivatives. We also
diagnosis and the development of a BAC FISH probe
test post-mortem samples from children who have
facility using the BAC library maintained at MCRI.
died unexpectedly. Molecular Genetics Laboratory Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory
We provide state-of-the-art genetic testing to all of
Mitochondria are our cellular power plants that
Victoria and Tasmania, performing more than
burn fuel (sugar, fat and protein) to generate an
10,000 genetic tests per year. We offer diagnostic
energy carrier known as ATP. Several hundred
testing of more than 30 different genetic disorders,
different
normal
as well as providing carrier testing, predictive
mitochondrial function, so it is perhaps not
testing and prenatal diagnoses in partnership with
surprising that mitochondrial disorders are now
the clinical team whom provide genetic counselling
recognised as one of the most common inborn
to the families. New "Real Time PCR" technology
errors of metabolism, affecting approximately 1:5,000 births. Because of the genetic complexity,
families with familial colon cancer (FAR and
measurement of mitochondrial respiratory chain
HNPCC). We have also successfully introduced the
enzymes remains the mainstay of diagnostic
following: Hi-throughput molecular genotyping for
methods internationally.
population studies of haemochromatosis; new
genes
are
required
for
has allowed for screening of gene deletions in
genetic testing services for patients with bone and
with MCAD deficiency) that would not have previously been detected in the past year.
for
of protein, fat or carbohydrate and result in the
offering combined screening to pregnant women. Newborn Screening
tests
Cytogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics
collagen
disorders;
and
early
blood
group
genotyping (14-week gestation) in pregnancies at Cytogenetics Laboratory
risk of haemolytic disease.
This is now the largest cytogenetics laboratory in Australasia providing a comprehensive range of
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
80
Education, Training & Research Clinical Genetics Fellows
Research
Genetic Health trains up to five doctors each year.
Negotiations continue with the USA, to enable
Training in genetics is a 3 year program supervised
students trained in the Graduate Diploma to sit for
clinical genetic research, having been the statewide
by the Royal Australasian College of Physicians for
the
genetic
service for 35 years. Support, consolidation and
the Human Genetics Society of Australasia (HGSA).
counsellors in the USA. Trainees gain the title of
expansion of research are integral to a quality
A six-month training opportunity is also available to
Associate Genetic Counsellor at the successful
genetic service and will continue to be our priority.
completion of the one-year course. Advanced
Our scientists and clinical staff are involved in many
paediatric and other postgraduate trainees.
accreditation
Board
exams for
Genetic Health is in a unique position to advance
training and supervision is offered to Associate
research projects including many MCRI theme
Genetic Counselling
Genetic Counsellors employed by Genetic Health,
grants, but much more needs to be done.
MCRI and Genetic Health, through the University of
under the auspices of the HGSA.
Melbourne, have offered the Graduate Diploma in
Research projects in 2001: X
Genetic Counselling since 1996. The Diploma
A Masters program in genetic counselling is also
• Bone Dysplasia theme grant
course, which continues to grow and gain
now available - projects include:
• HaemScreen
recognition nationally and internationally, trains
• Supervision of Masters of Health Sciences
• Tay Sachs Disease prevention program
interstate and overseas students. A link with the
(Genetic Counselling) students (Bone Dysplasia
• Friedreich Ataxia research
University of Manchester (UK) was established in
Theme Grant, Intersex Theme Grant)
• A randomised trial of a decision aid for women at
2001 to facilitate exchange between students and in the future staff.
• Huntington Disease Predictive Testing Counselling Evaluation (in conjunction with the Social Work
u
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risk for ovarian cancer
z o
• Microarray Facility theme grant
Practice Research Unit) • Quality of Life study on children and families with
u
galactosemia, which has been funded through an
LU
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AHN seed grant Postgraduate education Genetic Health participates in genetic post graduate education together with the MCRI Education Unit.
I
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
81
J
aiGenetic Health Staff List Chairman Professor Robert Williamson FRS FAA Director A/Professor Agnes Bankier Chief Operating Officer Anne Cronin Ciinicai Geneticists
■i
Li
Dr David Amor Dr Jan Craig Dr Martin Delatycki Dr Stephen Kahler Dr Mac Gardner Dr Maurizio Genuardi Dr John Rogers A/Professor Ravi Savarirayan A/Professor Les Sheffield Dr Sue White Metabolic Physician Dr Avihu Boneh
Jacqualine Greenberg Tarli Hall Anna Henry Ivan Macciocca Julie McChristie Michelle Mourik Vicky Petrou Anne Robertson Edi Sheffield Alison Thornton Mary-Anne Young
Senior Social Worker Margaret Sahhar Social Workers Caroline Lambert Ros Tassicker
Dr Clara Gaff Lisa Gordon Margaret Ross Linda Warwick Associate Genetic Counsellors Sonja Bacic Dr Jo Burke Lisette Curnow Susan Fawcett Lara Fitzgerald
Non-Metropolitan Clinics Ivan Macciocca
Robin Forbes
Tasmanian Service - Dr David Amor Metabolic Services - Dr Avihu Boneh RCH Cancer Sen/ice - Dr Clara Gaff RMH - Dr Clara Gaff The Alfred - A/Prof Ravi Savarirayan Neurogenetic Service - Dr Martin Delatycki
Metabolic Dietitian Dorothy Francis
Cytogenetics Laboratory Management Group
Metabolic Nurse Helen Upton
Dr Howard Slater Jacinta Ryan Mark Fertile
Maternal Serum Screening/ Quality Assurance Officer
Administration Services Manager
Quality Assurance
Margaret Harris
Anne Robertson
Personal Assistant to Director Lisa Macready Dominique Speirani
Administration Bo Jezierski Mariah Everard
Clinic Coordinators
CVS/Tissues Section Leaders
Debbie Davis Michelle Francazio Sue Hilton Sharon Vandersluis
Team Leaders Alison Blackstock Fiona Norris Ralph Oertel Louise Hills Sara Nourri Bruce Mercer Vida Petrovic Melissa Curtis Scientists
Heads of Units RCH - A/Prof Ravi Savarirayan RWH - A/Prof Les Sheffield Southern Health - Dr Martin Delatycki Southern Health - A/Prof Agnes Bankier
Dr Samantha Wake Program Coordinator
Genetic Counsellors
kConFab Janine Furmedge
Tasmanian Service - Dr Martin Delatycki
Dr Robert Boyle Dr Michael Fahey Dr Sharon Keeling Dr Omar Khwaja Dr George McGillivray Dr Julie Panetta Dr Sue White Dr Gisela Wilcox
Dr Catherine Rose
Vicky Hannan Liz Kanellos Kathy MacDonald Maureen Ralph Dr Bev Warner Jo Wells
Principal Genetic Counsellor/ Privacy Officer
Clinical Genetics Fellows
POSSUM Project
Administrative Support
Kathy Butler Dr Lorna Webber David Francis Trent Burgess
Julie Hammer Vlad Pupko Lynne Ryan Tracy Fleming Selga Cirilis Jacquie Challis Nancy Garavelas Lisa DiPrinzio Dr Tie Lan Han Marie Thorpe Sylvea Corrie Amber Boys Helen Jackson Con Ngo Paul Yao Michael Cronin Jo Kelley Olivia Giouzeppos Wendy Francis David Jones Technologists lan Brooks Alan Correl Lynda Phillips Wali Drummond Newborn Screening Ivan Francis - Scientist-in-Charge Nick Tzanakos - Senior Scientist Thanh Vo - Medical Scientist Irene Aslanidis - Medical Scientist Nella Napolitano - Medical Scientist Judy Bailey - Education Officer
Maternal Serum Screening Ivan Francis - 5cientist-in-Charge Leonard Bonacquisto - Medical Scientist Larissa Katsman - Medical Scientist Gregoria Luma - Medical Scientist Jo Wells - Phlebotomist Patricia Snell - Laboratory Assistant Olivia Motion - Laboratory Assistant Sara Grant - Clerical Assistant Caroline Cittarelli - Clerical Assistant Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory Dr David Thorburn - Laboratory Head Denise Kirby - Research Officer Taryn Charles - Research Assistant Erin Oldaker - Quality Officer
Molecular Genetics Laboratory (DNA Diagnostics) Dr Desiree du Sart - Laboratory Head Scientists Steve Nasloulas Melanie Smith Karina Forshaw Janet Shaw Shannon Cowie Narelle Tunstall Ellen Craig Sarah-Jane Pantelo Dean Phelan Vanessa Calabro Tom Milovac - Laboratory Technician Gordana Ukalovic - Laboratory Trainee GSNV Caroline Bowditch Eilis Hughes
Metabolic Screening James Pitt - Senior Scientist Mary Eggington - Scientist Mona Lumani - Scientist
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
82
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Publications 2001 :1,
Abrams D, Derrick G, Penny DJ, Shinebourne EA and Redington AN. Cardiac complications in children following infection with varicella zoster virus. Cardiology in the Young (in press)
''!'
Aitken M, Scavone M and Williamson R. Genetic medicine - what do pharmacists want to know? Australian Pharmacist 20: 754 (2001)
1'
Akikusa JD and Kemp AS. Clinical correlates of response to pneumococcal immunisation. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 37: 382-387 (2001)
I,.
Aldred M, Rajakuman SA, Zacharin M and Trembarth R. Detection of McCune Albright syndrome mutations in lymphocyte DNA using PNA clamping. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (in press)
applications. Australian Family Physician 30; 953-958 (2001) Amor DJ and Craig JE. Situs inverus and congenital hypoglossia. Clinical Dysmorphology 10: 47-50 (2001) Anderson P, Anderson V and Garth J. Assessment and development of organizational ability: The Rey Complex Figure Organizational Strategy Score (RCF-OSS). The Clinical Neuropsychologist 15; 81-94 (2001) Anderson P, Anderson V, Northam E and Taylor HG. Standardization of the Contingency Naming Test (CNT) for school-aged children: a measure of reactive flexibility. Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment 1: 247-273 (2001)
Aldred MJ, Savarirayan R, Lamande SR and Crawford PJM. Clinical and radiographic features of a family with autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism. Oral Diseases (in press)
Anderson V, Anderson P, Northam E, Jacobs R and Catroppa C. Development of executive functions through late childhood and adolescence in an Australian sample. Developmental Neuropsychology 20: 385-406 (2001)
Alexander S, Molony L and Kilpatrick N. Endodontic management of a patient with X-linked hypophosphatamic rickets. Australian Endodontic Journal 22: 57-61 (2001)
Anderson V, Catroppa C, Haritou F, Morse S, Pentland L, Rosenfeld J and Stargatt R. Predictors of acute child and family outcome following traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatric Neurosurgery 34: 138-148 (2001)
Al-Hasani K, Rajakumar K, Bulach D, Robins-Browne R, Adler B and Sakellaris H. Genetic organization of the she pathogenecity island in Shigella flexneri. Microbial Pathogenesis 30: 1-8 (2001)
Anderson V, Catroppa C, Morse S, Haritou F and Rosenfeld J. Long-term outcome from mild head injury in young children: a prospective study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (in press)
Amor D and Savarirayan R. Intermediate form of Ablepharon-Macrostomia syndrome with CNW abnormalities. American Journal of Medical Genetics 103:252-254 (2001)
Anderson V, Northam E, Hendy J and Wrennall J. Developmental Neuropsychology: A Clinical Approach. Eribaum: East Sussex (2001)
Amor DJ, Craig JE, Delatycki MB and Reddihough DS. Genetic factors in athetoid cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology 16(11): 793-797 (2001) Amor DJ, Delatycki MB, Gardner RJM and Storey E. A new variant of familial cerebellar ataxia and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. American Journal of Medical Genetics 99: 29-33 (2001) Amor DJ, Tudball C, McKindlay Gardner RJ, Lamande SR, Bateman JF and Savarirayan R. Familial digital arthropathy-brachydactyly. American Journal of Medical Genetics (in press) Amor DJ. Familial cancers: an overview. Australian Family Physician 30: 937-945 (2001) Amor DJ. Gene therapy: principles and potential
Apostolopoulos J, Kirkland M, McLeod J, Gregorio-King C, Slater H, Ngo C and Sparrow R. Identification and characterisation of a novel family of mammalian Ependymin related proteins (MERPs) in haematopoietic, non-haematopoietic and malignant tissues. DNA and Cell Biology 20(10): 625-635 (2001) Ashley DM, Riffkin CD, Gray AZ, Hawkins CJ and Chow CJ. Ex vivo pediatric high grade brain tumours express Fas (CD95) and FasL (CD95L) and are resistant to apoptosis induction. Neuro-Oncology 3:4: 229-240 (2001) Ashley DM, Strother D, Kellie SJ and Patel A. Feasibility of four consecutive high-dose chemotherapy cycles with stem-cell rescue for patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma or supratentorial PNET after craniospinal radiotherapy: results of a collaborative study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics 19: 2696-2704 (2001)
Ashley DM. A Phase II study of carboplatin in children with progressive low-grade gliomas. Journal of Clinical Oncology (in press) Bamberg J, Toumbourou JW, Blyth A and Forer D. Profiling changes for families in the BEST program for parents coping with youth substance abuse. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 22; 189-198 (2001) Bandyopadhyay R, Berend SA. Page SL, Choo KHA and Shaffer LG. Satellite 111 sequences on 14p and their relevance to Robertsonian translocation formation. Chromosome Research 9: 235- 242 (2001)
and Marshall JA. Simultaneous isolation of verotoxinproducing strains of Escherichia coli 0128:H2 and viruses in gastroenteritis outbreaks. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 24(2): 135-142 (2001) Bettelheim KA, Bowden DS, Doultree JC, Catton MG, Chibo D, Ryan NJ, Wright PJ, Gunesekere 1C, Griffith JM, Lightfoot D, Hogg GG, Bennett-Wood V and Marshall JA. Combined infection of Norwalk-like virus and verotoxin-producing bacteria associated with a gastroenteritis outbreak. Journal of Diarrhoeal Disease Research 17(1): 34-36 (2001)
Bandyopadhyay R, McQuillan CR, Page SL, Choo KHA and Shaffer LG. Identification and characterisation of satellite III subfamilies to the acrocentric chromosomes. Chromosome Research 9: 223- 233 (2001)
Bishop RF, Masendycz PJ, Bugg HC, Carlin JB and Barnes GL. Epidemiological patterns of rotaviruses causing severe gastroenteritis in young children throughout Australia from 1993 to 1996. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39 (3): 1085-1091 (2001)
Bartlett JE, Temelcos C, Washburn T, Eddy EM, Korach KS and Hutson JM. Early development of the gubernaculum and cremaster in estrogen receptor knockout mice. Urological Research 29; 163-167 (2001)
Bond L, Carlin JB. Thomas L, Rubin K and Patton G. Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. British Medical Journal 323: 480-484 (2001)
Bassal S, Nomura N, Venter DJ, McKay MJ and van der Spek PJ. Characterization of a novel human cell cycle regulated homologue of Drosophila digl. Genomics 77; 5-7 (2001)
Bond L, Davie G, Carlin J, Lester R and Nolan T. Increases in vaccination coverage for children in childcare between 1997 to 2000: an evaluation of the impact of government incentives and initiatives. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health (in press)
Batch JA, Couper JJ, Rodda C, Zacharin M and Cowell CT. The use of bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis in childhood and adolescence; a position paper of the Australian Paediatric Endocrine Group. Medical Journal of Australia (in press)
Bond L, Glover S, Godfrey C, Butler H and Patton GC. Building capacity for system-level change in schools: Lessons from the Gatehouse Project. Health Education and Behavior 28: 368-383 (2001)
Bateman JF. Protein truncation test. Wiley Encyclopedia of Molecular Medicine (in press) Bateman JF. The molecular genetics of inherited cartilage disease. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 9; 141-149 (2001) Berg RA, Cobb LA, Doherty A Kinney S et al. Chest compressions and basic life support - defibrillation. Annals of Emergency Medicine 37(4): 26-26 (2001) Bergman P, Auldist A and Cameron FJ. Recent experience with Graves disease. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 37: 176-182 (2001) Berkowitz RG, Bankier A, Moxham JP and Gardner RJM. Chromosomal abnormalities in idiopathic congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 110; 624-626 (2001) Bettelheim KA, Bennett-Wood V, Lightfoot D, Wright PJ
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Choo KHA. Domain organization at the centromere and neocentromere. Developmental Cell 1: 165-177 (2001)
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Grover S and Morley R. Vitamin D deficiency in veiled or dark-skinned women. Medical Journal of Australia 175; 251-252 (2001)
Hassall TEG, Ashley DM and Mitchell AE. Carboplatin chemotherapy for progressive intramedullary spinal cord low-grade gliomas in children; Three case studies and a review of the literature. Neuro-Oncology 3;4; 251-257 (2001)
Gutierrez JP, Grimwood K, Armstrong DS, Carlin JB, Carzino R, Olinsky A, Robertson CF and Phelan PD. Interlobar differences in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with cystic fibrosis. European Respiratory Journal 17: 281-286 (2001) Haby M, Powell C, Oberklaid F and Waters E. Asthma in children: gaps between current management and best practice. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health (in press) Haby MM, Peat JK, Marks GB, Woolcock AJ and Leeder SR. Asthma in preschool children; prevalence and risk factors. Thorax 56(8): 589-595 (2001) Haby MM, Waters E, Robertson CF, Gibson PG and Ducharme FM. Interventions for education children who have attended the emergency room for asthma. (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library Issue 1; (2001)
Gilbertson H, Brand-Miller JC, Thorburn AW, Evans S, Chondros P and Werther G. The effect of low glycemic index dietary advice versus measured carbohydrate exchange diets on glycemic controls in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24: 7-(2001)
Hacking D, Watkins A, Fraser S, Wolfe R and Nolan T. Respiratory distress syndrome and antenatal corticosteroid therapy in premature twins. Archives of Disease in Childhood 85: 77-78 (2001)
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Halliday JL, Warren R, McDonald G, Liamputtong Rice P, Bell RJ and Watson LF. Prenatal diagnosis for women aged 37 years and over: to have or not to have. Prenatal Diagnosis 21; 842-847 (2001)
Gooding TM, Johnson PD, Campbell DE, Hayman JA, Hartland EL, Kemp AS and Robins-Browne RM. Immune response to infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans. Infection and Immunity 69: 1704-1707 (2001)
Hand PJ, Gardner RJ, Knight MA, Forrest SM and Storey E. Clinical features of a large Australian pedigree with episodic ataxia type 1. Movement Disorders 16: 938-939 (2001)
Graham HK. Botulinum toxin type A management of spasticity in the context of orthopaedic surgery for children with spastic cerebral palsy. European Journal of Neurology 8(5); 30-39 (2001)
Harris M, Aschkenasi C, Elias CF, Chandrankunnel A, Nilini EA, Bjorbaek C, Elmquist JK, Flier JS and Hollenberg AN. Transcriptional regulation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene by leptin and melanocortin signaling. Journal of Clinical Investigation 107: 111-120 (2001)
Greaves IK, Svartman M, Wakefield M, Taggart D, De Leo A, Fergusin-Smith MA, Rens W, O'Brien PCM, Voullaire L, Westerman M and Graves JAM. Chromosomal painting detects non-random chromosome arrangement in dasyurid marsupial sperm.
Harris M, Hauser S, Nguyen TV, Kelly PJ, Rodda C, Morton J, Freezer N, Strauss BJG, Eisman JA and Walker JL. Bone mineral density in prepubertal asthmatics
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Houseman MJ, Ellis LA, Pagnamenta A, Di WL, Rickard S, Osborn AH, Dahl HHM, Taylor GR, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Reardon W, Mueller RF and Kelsell DP. Genetic analysis of the connexin-26 M34T variant: identification of genotype M34T/M34T segregation with mild-moderate non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Journal of Medical Genetics 38; 20-25 (2001) Hrabovszky Z and Hutson JM. Surgical treatment of intersex anomalies; a review. Surgery (in press) Hrabovszky Z, Farmer PJ and Hutson JM. Undescended testis is accompanied by CGRP accumulation within the sensory nucleus of the genitofemoral nerve in TS rats. Journal of Urology 165: 1015-1018 (2001)
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Huppi PS and Inder TE. Magnetic resonance techniques in the evaluation of the perinatal brain: recent advances and future directions. Seminars in Neonatology 6(2): 195210(2001)
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Huppi PS, Murphy B, Maier SE, Zientara GP, Inder TE, Barnes PD, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA and Voipe JJ. Microstructural brain development after cerebral perinatal white matter injury assessed by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatrics 107: 455-460 (2001) Hutson JM, McNamara J, Gibb S and Shin YM. Slow transit constipation in children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 37:426-430 (2001) Hynson JL and Sawyer SM. Paediatric palliative care: distinctive needs and emerging issues. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 37: 323-325 (2001) Hynson JL, Kornberg AJ, Coleman LT, Shield L, Harvey AS and Kean MJ. Clinical and neuroradiologic features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children. Neurology 56; 1308-1312 (2001) llkovski B, Cooper ST, Nowak K, Ryan MM, Yang N, Schnell C, Durling HJ, Roddick LG, Wilkinson I, Kornberg AJ, Collins KJ, Wallace G, Gunning P, Hardeman E, Laing NG and North K. Nemaline myopathy caused by mutations in the muscle a-skeletal-actin gene. American Journal of Human Genetics 68: 1333-1343 (2001) Inder TE, Anderson NJ, Spencer C, Huppi PS, Wells SJ and Voipe JJ. Cranial US demonstrates low sensitivity but high specificity in relation to MRI for the diagnosis of white matter injury in the VLBW infant. Pediatric Research 49(4): 366A (2001) Inder TE, Mocatta T, Spencer C, Darlow BA, Austin NC, Voipe JJ and Winterbourn CC. Elevated free radical
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products and cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of premature infants with white matter injury. Pediatric Research 49(4): 366A (2001)
longitudinal study from infancy to the mid-teens. American Journal of Medical Genetics 105: 346-350 (2001)
Inder TR, Spencer C, Wells SJ, Woodward U, Huppi PS and Voipe JJ. Magnetic resonance imaging of the premature infant at term: qualitative abnormalities and their perinatal correlates. Pediatric Research 49(4): 303A (2001)
Kamarinos M, McGill J, Lynch M and Dahl H. Identification of a novel COCH mutation, I109N, highlights the similar clinical features observed in DFNA9 families. Human Mutation 17: 351 (2001)
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Stanton H, Ung L and Fosang AJ. The 45kDa collagen binding fragment of fibronectin induces matrix metalloproteinase-13 synthesis by chondrocytes and aggrecan degradation by aggrecanases. Biochemical Journal (in press) Steer AC, Carapetis JR, Nolan TM and Shann F. A systematic review of rheumatic heart disease prevalence in children in developing countries; the role of environmental factors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health (in press) Storey E, Gardner RJ, Knight MA, Kennerson ML, Tuck RR, Forrest SM and Nicholson GA. A new autosomal dominant pure cerebellar ataxia . Neurology 57: 19131915 (2001)
00
b
z>
OO
Tang MLK and Fiscus L, Important roles for L-selectin and ICAM-1 in the development of allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 14(3): 203-210 (2001)
04 Z)
o
Tang MLK and Powell CVE. Childhood asthma as an allergic disease: rationale for the development of future treatment. European Journal of Paediatrics 160(12); 696704 (2001) Taylor Gl, Bates D and Newgreen D. The developing neurovascular anatomy of the embryo: a technique of simultaneous fluorescent labelling, confocal microscopy and 3D reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 108; 597-604 (2001) Thomas PQ, Dattani MT, Brickman JM, Warne G, Zacharin M, Cameron F, Hurst J, Woods K, Dunger D, Stanhope R, Forrest S, Robinson 1C and Beddington RS. Heterozygous HESX1 mutations associated with isolated congenital pituitary hypoplasia and septo-optic dysplasia. Human Molecular Genetics 10; 39-45 (2001) Thomas PQ. Hesxl. Encyclopedia of Molecular Medicine (in press) Thomson-Salo F, Paul C, Morgan A, Jones S, Jordan B, Meehan M, Morse S and Walker A. Le jeu et el travail therapeutique direct avec le nourrisson (Playing and therapeutic work directly with the infant). Devenir 4; 5-26 (2001)
Spurdle AB, Hopper JL, Chen X, Dite GS, McCredie MRE, Giles GG, Venter DJ, Southey MC, Green A, Purdie D and Chenevix-Trench G. The steroid 5 a-reductase type II TA repeat polymorphism is not associated with risk of breast or ovarian cancer in Australian women. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 10(12): 128793 (2001)
Thorburn DR and Dahl HHM. Mitochondrial disorders: genetics, counseling, prenatal diagnosis and reproductive options, American Journal of Medical Genetics 106: 102-114(2001)
Stanton H and Fosang AJ. MMP activity in hostile environments; new insights into IL-1 stimulated aggrecanolysis in cartilage cultures. Matrix Biology (in press)
Thorburn DR and Smeitink J. Diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders: clinical and biochemical approach. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 24: 312-316 (2001)
'I;-
ANNUAL REPORT 200 1
I'
91
,1
Thorburn DR, Dahl HHM and Singh KK. The pros and cons of mitochondrial manipulation in the human germ line. Mitochondrion 1: 123-127 (2001) Toumbourou JW and Gregg ME. Working with families to promote healthy adolescent development. Family Matters 59: 54-60 (2001)
I
Toumbourou JW, Blyth A, Bamberg J and Forer D. Early impact of the BEST intervention for parents stressed by adolescent substance abuse. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology 11: 291-304 (2001) Treepongkaruna S, Hughes J, Hutson J, Cook D, CattoSmith AG, Chow CW and Oliver MR. Gastrointestinal transit and anorectal manometry in children with colonic substance P deficiency. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 16: 624-630 (2001) Tsang VT, Penny DJ. Surgery for congenital heart disease. In: Moghissi K, Thorpe JAC and Ciulli F (eds). Essentials of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery 2nd Edition. Heinemann Medical Book: London (2001) Van Agtmael T, Forrest SM and Williamson R, Genes for left-handedness: how to search for the needle in the haystack? Laterality 6: 149-164(2001) Vinod MB, Matussek J, Curtis N, Graham HK and Carapetis JR. Duration of antibiotics in children with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health (in press) Visvader JE, Venter DJ, Santamaria M, Sum E, Hahm K, White D, Mahoney A, O'Reilly L, Armes JE and Lindeman G. The LIM domain protein LM04 inhibits differentiation of mammary epithelium in vitro and is over-expressed in primary breast cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98(25): 14452-7 (2001) Visvanathan K and Zabriskie JB. The role of bacterial superantigens in sepsis and its treatment implications. Advances in Sepsis 3: 97-102 (2001)
du Sart D, Fleming T and Choo KHA. Mosaic inv dup(8p) marker chromosome with stable neocentromere suggests neocentromerization is a post-zygotic event. American Journal of Medical Genetics 102: 86-94 (2001) Wake M and Reilly S. Now we're talking ... but who are we talking about? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 37(5): 421-422 (2001) Wallis TP, Pitt JJ and Gorman JJ. Identification of disulfide-linked peptides by isotope profiles produced by peptic digestion of proteins in 50% 180 water. Protein Science 10: 2251-71 (2001) Wangerek LA, Dahl HHM, Senden TJ, Carlin JB, Jans DA, Dunstan DE, loannou PA, Williamson R and Forrest SM. Atomic force microscopy imaging of DNA-cationic liposome complexes optimised for gene transfection into neuronal cells. Journal of Gene Medicine 3: 72-81 (2001) Warne GL, Dabadghao P and Boneh A. Endocrinology of the Newborn. In: Brook CGD and Hindmarsh P (eds). Clinical Paediatric Endocrinology 4th Edition. Blackwell Scientific Publishers: London (2001) Warne GL, Dabadghao P and Boneh A: Endocrinology of the Newborn. In: Brook CGD and Hindmarsh PC (eds). Clinical Paediatric Endocrinology 4th Edition (2001) Warne GL. The management of ambiguous genitalia at birth. In: Balen A, Creighton S, Davies M, MacDougall J and Stanhope R (eds). The Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge (in press) Waters E, Salmon L, Wake M, Wright M and Hesketh K. The health and wellbeing of adolescents: a school-based population study of the self-report Child Health Questionnaire. Journal of Adolescent Health 29(2): 140149 (2001)
Visvanathan K, Charles A, Pugach P and Zabriskie JB. Superantigenic peptides in septic and toxic shock. Infection and Immunity 69: 875-884 (2001)
Watson M, Watson L, Bell R, Halliday J, The increasing knowledge of the role of periconceptional folate in Victorian women of child-bearing age: follow-up of a randomised community inten/ention trial. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 25(5): 389-395 (2001)
Voullaire L, loannou P, Nouri S and Williamson R. Fetal nucleated red blood cells from CVS washings: an aid to the development of first trimester non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Prenatal Diagnosis 21: 827-834 (2001)
Welbury RR and Kilpatrick NM. Advanced restorative treatment in children. In: Welbury (ed). Paediatric Dentistry 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press: Oxford (2001)
Voullaire L, Saffery R, Earle E, Irvine DV, Slater H, Dale S,
Western PS and Sinclair AH. Sex, genes and heat:
triggers of diversity. Journal of Experimental Zoology 290: 624-631 (2001) Westling J, Fosang AJ, Last K, Thompson VP, Tomkinson KN, Hebert T, McDonagh T, Collins-Racie LA, Lavallie ER, Morris EA and Sandy JD. ADAMTS4 cleaves at the aggrecanase site (Glu373-Ala374) and secondarily at the matrix metalloproteinase site (Asn341-Phe342) in the aggrecan interglobular domain. Journal of Biological Chemistry (in press) White SM, Norbury G and Lucassen A. Cystic fibrosis: a further case of an asymptomatic compound heterozygote. American Journal of Medical Genetics 103: 342-343 (2001) Wiberg C, Hedbom E, Khairullina A, Lamande SR, Oldberg A, TimpI R, Morgelin M and Heinegard D. Biglycan and decorin bind close to the N-terminal region of the collagen VI triple helix. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276: 18947-18952 (2001) Wilkinson AJ, Nattrass GR and Graham HK. Modified technique for varus derotation osteotomy of the proximal femur in children, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 71: 655-658 (2001) Wilkinson JL. Double Outlet Ventricle. In: Anderson RH, Baker EJ, Macartney FJ, Rigby ML, Shinebourne EA and Tynan M (eds). Paediatric Cardiology. Churchill Livingstone: London (2001) Wilkinson JL. Haemodynamic calculations in the catheter laboratory. Heart 85: 113-120 (2001) Williamson R. Our human genome: how can it serve us well? Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79: 1005 (2001)
Wong J, Zacharin M, Hocking N and Robinson R Inhaled flixotide in three children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health (in press) Wong LH and Choo KHA, Centromere on the move. Genome Research 11: 513-516(2001) Wraight CJ and White PJ. Antisense oligonucleotides in cutaneous therapy. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 90: 89-104 (2001) Young HM and Newgreen DF. Enteric neural crestderived cells: origin, identification, migration and differentiation. The Anatomical Record 262: 1-15 (2001) Young HM, Hearn CJ, Farlie PG, Canty AJ, Thomas PQ and Newgreen DF. GDNF is a chemoattractant for enteric neural cells. Developmental Biology 229: 503-516 (2001) Zacharin M and Bateman JF. Pamidronate treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta in children: lack of correlation between clinical severity, age at onset of treatment, collagen mutation and treatment response. Journal of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (in press) Zacharin M, Tiedemann K and Sexton M. Long term effects of cancer treatment: A guide for patients and families, Miranova Publishers: Melbourne (2001) Zhou B, Hutson JM and Myers NA. Investigation of intra abdominal oesophagus and hiatus in fetal rats with oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Pediatric Surgery International 17: 97-100 (2001) Zimmet P, Williams J and de Courten M. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. In: Wass and Shalet (eds). Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology. Oxford University Press: Oxford (in press)
Wilton L, Williamson R, McBain J, Edgar D and Voullaire L. Birth of a healthy infant after preimplantation confirmation of euploidy by comparative genomic hybridization. New England Journal of Medicine 345(21): 1537-1541 (2001) Winefield HR and Toumbourou JW. Health psychology issues in Australia. Health Psychology Update 10: 40-42 (2001) Wittig I, Augstein P, Brown GK, Fujii T, Rotig A, Rustin P, Munnich A, Seibel P, Thorburn D, Wissinger B, Tamboom K, Metspaiu A, Lamantea E, Zeviani M and Wehnert MS. Sequence variations in the NDUFA1 gene encoding a subunit of complex I of the respiratory chain. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 24: 15-27 (2001)
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
i
92
.riPliiil
Directors' Report
j'l
The Directors present their report together with the financial report of Murdoch Childrens Research Institute "the Company" and the consolidated financial report of the consolidated entity, being the Company and its controlled entities, for the year ended 31 December 2001 and the auditors' report thereon. Directors The Directors of the Company at any time during or since the end of the financial year: Mr. LG. Cox, A.O., B.Com., F.C.P.A., F.S.I.A. Chairman (Non-Executive Director) Mr Cox is an investment banker and a director of various public and private companies and community groups. Director since 1986 appointed Chairman 1993. Mr. W.H. Hodgson Deputy Chairman (Non-Executive Director) Chairman of the Institute's Audit & Finance Committee. Formerly Deputy Managing Director of the National Australia Bank Limited, an
appointment which completed a long career with the Bank. Mr Hodgson is a Director of various public and private companies. Director since 1986. A/Prof. K. Alexander, B.A., PhD Non-Executive Director A/Prof. Alexander is the CEO of the Women's and Children's Health Director since 2000. Mr. M. Armstrong, L.L.B. (Melb.) Non-Executive Director Mr Armstrong is a Lawyer and Partner in Deacons Graham & James. He is also a Director of Carnbrea & Co Ltd, the Jack Brockhoff Foundation Ltd and various other public and private companies and community groups. Director since 1997. Mr. P. Bartels Non-Executive Director Fellow of The Royal Society of the Arts and Honorary Fellow of the Australian Marketing Institute. Chairman of the Australian Sports Commission, The Australian Institute of Sport, The Commonwealth Heads of Government Committee for Sport, Women's & Children's Health Sen/ice and Central City Studios. Director of the Melbourne Business School, Melbourne University. Appointed a Director on 12 December 2001. Mrs. J. Calvert-Jones, A.M., Non-Executive Director Mrs J. Calvert-Jones is the Chairman of the Herald and Weekly Times Limited. Director since 1986. A/Prof. A. Dart, B.A., DPhil, B.M., B.C.H., M.R.C.P, F.R.C.P. Non-Executive Director Senior Principal Research Fellow, NH&MRC
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute A.C.N. 006 566 972 L
and Honorary Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Monash University A/Prof Dart is the NH&MRC representative on the Institute's Board. Appointed a Director on 10 October 2001. Ms. H.M. Davison, B.A., M.B.A., F.C.T. Non-Executive Director Ms Davison was formerly Chairperson of the Women's and Children's Health Director since 2000. Resigned on 10 October 2001. Ms J.M. Fenton, LLB (Hons) MPRIA Non-Executive Director Ms Fenton is a Director of Fenton Communications Director since 2000. Mr. P. Griffin, B.Comm. (Melb), A.S.I.A. Non-Executive Director Chairman of the Institute's Investment Committee. Mr. Griffin is an investment banker and a director of N.M.Rothschild & Sons (Aust) Pty Ltd Group companies, various public companies and community groups. Director since 1993. Professor K. O'Dea, B.Sc. PhD Non-Executive Director Professor O'Dea is the Director of the Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin and represented the NHMRC on the Board Director since 1997. Resigned on 10 October 2001. Mrs. J. Paterson, Dip. Nursing Non-Executive Director Director since 1996.
Professor D.G. Penington, A.C., M.A., D.M., B.Ch., F.R.C.P., F.R.A.C.P., F.R.C.P.A. Non-Executive Director
Professor Penington was formerly the ViceChancellor, University of Melbourne. He is a director of various public and private companies. Director since 1996. Resigned on 12 December 2001. Professor R. Smallwood, A.O., M.D., F.R.A.C.P., F.R.C.P., F.A.C.P. (Hon.) Non-Executive Director Professor Smallwood is the Chief Medical Officer for the Commonwealth of Australia Director since 1998. Professor P.J. Smith, R.F.D., M.D., B.S., F.R.A.C.P., F.R.C.P.A. Non-Executive Director Professor Smith was formerly the Stevenson Professor of Paediatrics & Head, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne. Director since 1997. Resigned on 10 October 2001. Professor G.W. Tregear, B.Sc., PhD., F.R.A.C.I. Non-Executive Director Chairman of the Institute's Commercialisation and I.P. Committee Professor Tregear is the Deputy Director of the Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine. Professor Tregear represents the NH&MRC on the Institute's Board. Director since 1994. Professor R. Williamson, PhD., F.R.C. Path., Hon. M.R.C.P., Hon.M.D. (Turku), F.R.S. Executive Director Professor Williamson is the Chairman of the Victorian Clinical Genetics Services. He is also the Professor of Medical Genetics for the University of Melbourne and the Director of the Institute. Director since 1995.
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
94
Directors' Meetings
Indemnification and Insurance of Officers
The number of directors' meetings and number of meetings attended by each of the Directors of the Company during the financial year were:
Director
Mr LG Cox AO Mr WH Hodgson Dr K Alexander Mr MJ O'D Armstrong Mr P Bartels Mrs J Calvert-Jones AM Professor A Dart Ms HM Davison Ms J Fenton Mr PJ Griffin Professor K. O'Dea Mrs J Paterson Professor DG Penington AC Professor G Tregear Professor R Smallwood AO Professor PJ Smith Professor R Williamson
Board Meetings A
B
6
6 5
6 6 6
1 6 2 4
6 4 6
0 4 6
6
B 2
A
2
B
2
A 3 3
B 3 3
3
2
1
6
6 5 6
A 4
6 5 0 6 3 5 5 0 6 5 5
6
Investment Commercialisation Audit Committee / IP Committee & Finance
4
Since the end of the previous financial year the Company has paid insurance premiums of $27,807.00 for insurance contracts in respect of directors', officers', and employees liability, and legal expenses, for current and former directors and officers, including executive officers of the Company and directors, executive officers and secretaries of its controlled entities. The insurance premiums relate to: • costs and expenses incurred by the relevant officers and employees in defending proceedings, whether civil or criminal and whatever their outcome; and • other liabilities that may arise from their position, with the exception of conduct involving a wilful breach of duty or improper use of information or position to gain a personal advantage.
3
2
2
A - Number of meetings held during the time the director held office during the year B - Number of meetings attended
Principal Activities The principal activities of the consolidated entity during the course of the financial year were to conduct medical research into conditions that affect babies, children and adolescents.
The insurance policies outlined above do not contain details of the premiums paid in respect of individual officers of the Company.
Dividends The Company is a company limited by guarantee. As such it has no share capital and no dividends are paid.
State of Affairs In the opinion of the Directors there were no significant changes in the consolidated entity's state of affairs during the financial year under review.
Likely developments Information about likely developments in the operations of the consolidated entity and the expected results of those operations in future financial years has not been included in this report because disclosure of the information would be likely to result in unreasonable prejudice to the consolidated entity.
I:
Events Subsequent to Balance Date There has not arisen in the interval between the end of the financial year and the date of this report any item, transaction or event of a material and unusual nature likely, in the opinion of the Directors of the Company, to affect significantly the operations of the consolidated entity, the results of those operations, or the state of affairs of the consolidated entity, in subsequent financial years.
ij
Dated at Melbourne this 3rd day of April 2002. Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors:
Consolidated Result/Review of Operations The consolidated operating surplus of the consolidated entity for the financial year ending 31 December 2001 was $155,963 (2000 surplus $252,790) before the extraordinary items.
Mr Laurence G Cox AO Chairman
ANNUAL REPORT 2001
95
Ij i!
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and its Controlled Entities
Statements of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2001 Notes
Consolidated 2000
The Company 2001 2000
2001 $
$
$
$
Revenue from research & clinical activities
2
27,422,670
18,462,762
19,160,316
11,335,176
Depreciation & amortisation Other expenses for research & clinical activities
2 2
(965,535) (29,519,157)
(540,669) (21,009,243)
(926,616) (21,250,623)
(514,560) (13,899,923)
(3,062,022)
(3,087,150)
(3,016,923)
(3,079,307)
3,102,496 1,150,000
3,339,940
3,053,373 1,150,000
3,327,128
ill 1,190,474
252,790
1,186,450
247,821
1,190,474
7,821,116 8,073,906
1,186,450
7,821,116 8,068,937
Surplus/(Deficit) on research & clinical activities Investment & Donation Revenue Commercialisation Income
2 2
Surplus/(Deficit) from Ordinary Activities | Extraordinary items Net surplus Increase In asset revaluation reserve - on Initial adoption of AASB 1041:Revaluation of Non-current Assets - Fair value adjustment Total valuation adjustments recognised directly In Members Funds Total changes in Members Funds ... j „ ,
3
I
10(a) 10(a)
124,682 513,728
124,682 513,728
638,410 1,828,885
638,410 1,824,860 ' “ "8lis5|7^
The Statements of Financial Performance are to be read in conjunction with the attached notes to the financial statements set out on pages 99 to 109.
ANNUAL
REPORT
200 1
96
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and its Controlled Entities
Statements of Financial Postition as at 31 December 2001 Notes
Consolidated
The Company 2001 2000 $ $
2001 $
2000 $
2,546,508 3,565,300 205,642 6,317,450
1,154,403 2,834,856 200,826 4,190,085
1,701,960 2,146,914
554,417 1,323,629
3,848,874
1,878,046
4 5 6
580,000 27,940,657 3,874,226 32,394,883 38,712,333
652,500 28,936,182 3,221,739 32,810,421 37,000,506
587,968 27,832,699 3,738,016 32,158,683 36,007,557
660,468 28,828,214 3,096,077 32,584,759 34,462,805
Current Liabilities Payables Provisions TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES
7 8
2,323,669 3,064,014 5.387,683
2,832,332 2,641,625 5,473,957
1,657,765 1,810,232
2,141,129 1,566,821
3,467,997
3,707,950
Non-current Liabiiities Payables Provisions TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES IrOTAL LIABILITIES
8
82,175 457,447 539,622 Si”: 5,927,305
149,412 421,111 570,523 6,044,480
28,028 242,175 270,2033,738,200
59,035 251,441 310,476 4,018,426
32,785,028
30,956,026
32,269,357
30,444,379
515,671 26,258,827 2,600,000 1,000,000 1,372,120 1,038,410 32,785,028
511,647 24,920,248 2,600,000 1,000,000 1,524,131 400,000
26,258,827 2,600,000 1,000,000 1,372,120 1,038,410
30,956,026
32,269,357
Current Assets Cash assets Receivables Other financial assets TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS
4 5
Non-current Assets Receivables Other financial assets Property, plant & equipment TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS TOTAL ASSETS
|JET ASSETS
______
7
■ Si'
Members' Funds Accumulated funds Permanent Investment Funds Building Development Fund Fellowships & Scholarships Fund Special Purpose Funds Asset Revaluation Reserve ;T07AL MEMBERS' FUNDS
■T
9
10(c) 10(d) 10(e) 10(b) 10(a)
24,920,248 2,600,000 1,000,000 1,524,131 400,000 30,444,379
.The Statements of Financial Position are to be read in conjunction with the attached notes to the financial statements set out on pages 99 to 109. ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
97
;■
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and its Cantrolled Entities
Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2001 Notes
CASHFLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Payments to suppliers and employees Government grants received Donations received Other receipts Interest received Patient fees received
Consolidated
2001 $
2000 $
(29,458,364) 8,695,357 2,075,609 14,890,263 96,243 3,196,556
(19,411,751) 7,244,218
(504,336)
The Company 2001 2000 $ $
(21,697,628) 4,504,375 2,075,609 14,275,168 58,573
(12,827,740) 3,412,414 1,339,087 7,113,149 104,981 28,036
(479,704)
(783,903)
(830,073)
735,344 3,600,000 (816,461) (1,618,022)
2,004,181 2,074,881 (7,057,889) (911,709) 5,150,680
716,066 3,500,000 (716,065) (1,568,555)
1,988,041 1,800,000 (6,783,377) (900,585) 5,150,680
NET CASH PROVIDED BY/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES
1,900,861
1,260,144
1,931,446
1,254,759
NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH HELD
1,396,525
780,440
1,147,543
424,686
CASH AT BEGINNING OF THE FINANCIAL YEAR
1,180,717
400,277
554,417
129,731
2,577,242
1,180,717
1,701,960
554,417
NET CASH PROVIDED BYAUSED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES
12(ii)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Interest received Proceeds on sale of investments Payment for investments & amounts reinvested Payment for property, plant and equipment Cash acquired from RCHRI
CASH AT END OF THE FINANCIAL YEAR
12(i)
1,351,899 8,124,814 130,780 2,080,336
The Statements of Cash Flows are to be read in conjunction with the attached notes to the financial statements set out on pages 99 to 109.
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
98
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and its Contralled Entities
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2001 1. Statement of Significant Accounting Policies The significant policies which have been adopted in the preparation of this financial report are: (a) Basis of Preparation The financial report is a general purpose financial report which has been drawn up in accordance with Accounting Standards, Urgent Issues Group Consensus Views, other authoritative pronouncements of the Australian Accounting Standards Board and the Corporations Act 2001. It has been prepared on the basis of historical costs and does not take into account changing money values or, except where stated, current valuations of noncurrent assets. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the entities in the consolidated entity and except where there is a change in accounting policy are consistent with those of the previous year. (b) Reclassification of financial information Some line items and sub-totals in the previous financial year have been reclassified and repositioned in the financial statements as a result of the first time application on 1 January 2001 of the revised standards AASB 1018 Statement of Financial Performance, AASB 1034 Financial Report Presentation and Disclosures and the new AASB 1040 Statement of Financial Position. Adoption of these standards has resulted in the transfer of the reconciliation of opening to closing accumulated funds from the face of the statement of financial performance to note 9. (c) Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of The Company, being the parent entity, and its controlled entities, for the year ended 31 December 2001. All balances and transactions between the parent entity and it's controlled entities have been eliminated.
Il
(d) Investments Shares in controlled entities are carried in the Company's financial statements at the lower of cost or recoverable amount. Investments in debentures are carried at the lower of cost or recoverable amount and commercial bonds are recorded at face value. Investments in trusts/equity units are measured at fair value being the current redemption value. Shares in listed entities are carried at the lower of cost or recoverable amount. (e) Property, Plant and Equipment Items of property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. The depreciable amounts of all items of plant and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives commencing from the time the asset is held ready for use. The straight line method of depreciation is used. Items of plant and equipment costing less than $5,000 are expensed. The depreciation rates used for each class of assets are as follows: • Leasehold improvements • Plant & equipment
over lease lifespan 10% to 33.3%
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the span of the lease not exceeding 20 years. (f) Prepayments Items of expenditure having a benefit or relationship to more than one accounting period are amortised over the periods to which they relate.
Long Service Leave The liability for employee entitlements to long service leave represents the present value of the estimated future cash outflows to be made by the employer resulting from employees' services provided up to the balance date. Liabilities for employee entitlements which are not expected to be settled within twelve months are discounted using the rates attaching to national government securities at balance date, which most closely match the terms of maturity of the related liabilities.
;|:i
In determining the liability for employee entitlements, consideration has been given to future increases in wage and salary rates, and the consolidated entity's experience with staff departures. Related on-costs have also been included in the liability. 'i:
(h) Income Tax The Company and the Victorian Clinical Genetics Services are exempt from income tax under Division 50-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. Other controlled entities do not currently trade.
::'l
(i) Revenue Recognition Fee revenue comprises revenue earned from the provision of services to entities outside the consolidated entity. Fee revenue is recognised when the fee in respect of services provided is receivable. Grant revenue for operating purposes is recognised as revenue as it accrues.
(g) Employee Entitlements
(j) Research & Development Expenditure Research and development expenditure is expensed as incurred.
Annual Leave The provisions for employee entitlements to annual leave represents the amount which the consolidated entity has a present obligation to pay resulting from employees' services provided up to balance date. The provisions have been calculated at nominal amounts based on current wage and salary rates and include related on-costs.
(k) Goods and Services Tax Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of goods and services tax (GST), except where the amount of GST incurred is not recoverable from the Australian Tax Office (ATO). In these circumstances the GST is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of an item of the expense.
ANNUAL
REPORT
iii
s
1:1;
2001
99
5.,
iSir! ; r=
Receivables and payables are stated with the amount of GST included. The net amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the ATO is included as a current asset or liability in the balance sheet. Cash flows are included in the statement of cash flows on a gross basis. The GST components of cash flows arising from investing and financing activities which are recoverable from, or payable to, the ATO are classified as operating cash flows. (I) Receivables The majority of trade debtors would be expected to be settled within 90 days and are carried at amounts due. The collectibility of debts is assessed at balance date. (m) Payables Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in the future for goods and services received by the Company. Trade accounts payable are normally settled within 10 days.
'i
(n) Recoverable amount of non-current assets valued on cost basis The carrying amounts of all non-current assets valued on the cost basis are reviewed to determine whether they are in excess of their recoverable amount at balance date. If the carrying amount of a non-current asset exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset is written down to the lower value. In assessing recoverable amounts the relevant cash flows have not been discounted to their present value.
tax assets and other assets measured at net market value where the market value movements are recognised in the statement of financial performance. The consolidated entity has applied AASB 1041 as follows.
T
Other financial assets The company has continued to apply the cost basis of valuation for shares and units in controlled entities and for unlisted shares in associates. The consolidated entity has adopted the fair value basis of valuation for interests in trusts/equity units. The fair value of listed shares is their current quoted market value. The change in accounting policy resulted in a revaluation increment of $124,682 (the Company $124,682) credited to the asset revaluation reserve at 1 January 2001, representing prior year unrecognised revaluations.
/• -
The consolidated entity has continued to apply the cost basis of valuation to shares in listed entities and to debentures. Other non-current assets The consolidated entity has continued to apply the cost basis for other non-current assets such as receivables and plant and equipment.
i (o) Change in Accounting Policy Revaluation of non-current assets The consolidated entity has applied AASB 1041 Revaluation of Non-Current Assets for the first time from 1 January 2001. The standard requires each class of non-current asset to be measured on either the cost or fair value basis. AASB 1041 does not apply for inventories, foreign currency monetary assets, goodwill, investments accounted for using the equity method, deferred
ANNUAL REPORT 200 1 100
Consolidated
2001
2000
$
$
2. Operating Surplus
The Company 2001 2000 $
$
Operating surplus before extraordinary items has been determined after charging and crediting the following items: Crediting As Revenue Revenue from operating activities Grants-NHMRC Grants-DHS Grants - other Patient fees POSSUM Sales Income - other
3,410,916 5,320,656 11,390,782 3,202,900 141,343 3,956,073 27,422,670
2,590,578 4,569,650 6,531,709 2,340,538 121,314 2,308,973 18,462,762
20,461,629 317,507 4,909,931 629,308 672,326 38,289 406,334 1,498,684 790,836 98,179 486,970 174,699 30,484,692
13,268,178 826,620 3,840,195 217,203 418,761 45,510 305,047 1,541,637 365,970 78,950 467,142 174,699 21,549,912
Operating Surpius/(Deficit) from Research & Clinicai activities Investment income Donations *Commercialisation income
(3,062,022) 1,026,887 2,075,609 1,150,000
Operating Surplus before extraordinary items
1,190,474
Charging as expense Salarles/wages, Incl. Superannuation Employee entitlements Laboratory Consumables Repairs & maintenance Travel Patient care services and clinical research Expenses through Special Purpose Eunds Central services & administration Depreciation POSSUM costs Education / ethics costs Amortisation
K
1
3,410,916 979,378 11,191,666 141,343 3,437,013 19,160,316
2,590,578 960,325 6,045,042 28,036 121,314, I,589,881 II,335,176
14,195,718 76,628 3,785,044 429,607 576,416
8,442,991 336,118 2,762,935 217,203 317,105
406,334 1,261,645 751,917 98,179 421,052 174,699 22,177,239
305,047 972,432 339,861 78,950 467,142 174,699 14,414,483
(3,087,150) 1,988,041 1,351,899
(3,016,923) 977,764 2,075,609 1,150,000
(3,079,307)
252,790
1,186,450
247,821
1,988,041 1,339,087
Total expenses incurred by the Company are for Research & Development Proceeds on sale/transfer of investments
2,074,881
1,800,000
‘Commercialisation income is made up of 11,250,000 shares in Antisense Therapeutics Ltd, held in escrow & valued at estimated fair market value at the date of acquisition.
ANNUAL
REPORT
200 1
101
Consolidated '■i
2001 $
2000 $
The Company 2001 2000 $ $
3. Extraordinary Item 111
Gain from Net Asset transfer of Royal Children's Hospital Research Institute
7,821,116 7,821,11^
7,821,116 7,821,116
<•
Effective 30 April 2000 the net assets of the Royal Children's Hospital Research Institute (RCHRI) were transferred to Murdoch Childrens Research Institute for no consideration. Refer to Note 12 (iii) for details of Net Asset transferred.
4. Receivables CURRENT Patient fees due Less provision for doubtful debts
585,979
579,635
::;585,979
579,635
Amount owing by controlled entity Debtors - sundry Prepayments TOTAL CURRENT RECEIVABLES
2,906,821 72,500 3,565,300
2,182,721 72,500 2,834,856
2,074,414 72,500 2,146,914
1,251,129 72,500 1,323,629
NON-CURRENT Loan to controlled entity Prepayments TOTAL NON-CURRENT RECEIVABLE^ g
580,000 580,000
652,500 652,500
7,968 580,000 587,968
7,968 652,500 660,468
4,145,300
3,487,356
2,734,882
1,984,097
74,908 100,000 30,734 205,642
74,512 100,000 26,314 200,826
IPlili
1,550,000 100,000 26,282,689 7,968 27,940,657
400,000 100,000 28,428,214 7,968 28,936,182
i; ^
I
TOTAL RECEIVABLES
' /r
5. Other Financial Assets CURRENT- at cost Bank bills and deposits Commercial bond Short term deposits I NON-CURRENT Shares in controlled entities (Note 18) Shares in listed entities Debenture stock Interest in trusts/Equity Units Interest in R & D Syndicate*
10 1,550,000
4 400,000
26,282,689
28,428,210
27,832,699
28,828,214 ANNUAL REPORT 2001 102
Consolidated
The Company 2001 2000 $ $
2001 $
2000 $
REDEMPTION VALUE OF INTEREST IN TRUSTS/EQUITY UNITS
26,282,689
28,531,684
26,282,689
28,531,684
MARKET VALUE OF LISTED INVESTMENTS
3,893,750
680,000
3,893,750
680,000
* From the Antisense Therapeutics Ltd shares held by the Company, it has issued 3,375,000 share options to researchers involved in the development of the project The options are exercisable at a price of 0.77 cents per share prior to 7th August 2004.
6. Property, plant & equipment Leasehold Improvements At cost Accumulated amortisation Plant & equipment At cost Accumulated depreciation
NET BOOK VALUE
S«ll
;
2,686,865 (797,913) 1,888,952
2,370,203 (623,214) 1,746,989
2,686,865 (797,913) 1,888,952
2,370,203 (623,214) 1,746,989
4,359,890 (2,374,616) 1,985,274
3,058,530 (1,583,780) 1,474,750
4,089,429 (2,240,365) 1,849,064
(1,488,448) 1,349,088
3,874,226
3,221,739
3,738,016
3,096,077
1,746,989
1,921,688
1,746,989
1,921,688
2,837,536
Reconciliations Leasehold Improvements Carrying Amount at beginning of year Additions Amortisation Carrying Amount at end of year
Lt'
Plant & equipment Carrying Amount at beginning of year Additions Transferred from RCHRI Depreciation Carrying Amount at end of year
316,662 (174,699) 1,888,952
(174,699) 1,746,989
1,474,750 1,301,360
397,482 911,709 531,529 (365,970) 1,474,750
(790,836) 1,985,274
316,662 (174,699) 1,888,952
1,349,088 1,251,893 (751,917) 1,849,064
(174,699) 1,746,989
256,835 900,585 531,529 (339,861) 1,349,088
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
103
■i
7. Accounts Payable Consolidated 2001 2000 CURRENT Grants received in advance Royal Children's Hospital Sundry accounts payable
:
*
f
The Company 2001 2000
$
$
$
$
114,080 1,196,991 1,012,598 2,323,669
1,475,746 1,356,586 2,832,332
114,080 910,550 633,135 1,657,765
971,006 1,170,123 2,141,123;
NOTE: Royal Children's Hospital is a suspense account used for payments to creditors. The Hospital pays the creditors on behalf of the Institute, and the Institute subsequently reimburses the Hospital. NON-CURRENT Special purpose funds TOTAL ACCOUNTS RATABLE A
82,175 2,405,844
149,412 2,981,744
28,028 1,685,793
59,035 2,200,164
1,312,737 1,376,277 375,000 [3,064,014
1,012,589 1,254,036 375,000 2,641,625
817,047 618,185 375,000 1,810,232
644,170 547,651 375,000 1,566,821
457,447 3,521,461
421,111 3,062,736
242,175 2,052,407
251,441 1,818,262
511,647 1,190,474 152,011 (1,338,461)
22,482,120 8,073,906 (1,524,131) (24,920,248) (2,600,000) (1,000,000) 511,647
8. Provisions CURRENT Annual leave Long Service Leave RCH Lab Development NON-CURRENT Long Service Leave
9. Accumulated Funds !l
Accumulated funds at beginning of year Net surplus Transfer from/to Special Purpose Fund Transfer to Permanent Investment Fund Transfer to Building Development Fund Transfer to Fellowships & Scholarships Fund Accumulated funds at financial year end
515,671
21,975,442 1,186,450 152,011 (1,338,461)
8,068,937 (1,524,131) (24,920,248) (2,600,000) (1,000,000)
ANNUAL REPORT 2001 104
10. Reserves And Funds Consolidated
(a) Asset Revaluation Reserve Balance at beginning of year Net effect on initial adoption of AASB 1041 :Revaluation of Non Current Assets Revaluation increment on trusts/equity units Balance at end of year
2001 $
2000 $
The Company 2001 2000 $ $
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
124,682 513,728 1,038,410
400,000
124,682 513,728 1,038,410
The asset revaluation reserve includes the net revaluation increments and decrements arising from the revaluation of non-current assets in accordance with AASB 1041. (b) Special Purpose Funds Balance at beginning of year Transfer from RCHRI* Net Movement Balance at end of year
1,524,131 (152,011) 1,372,120
1,524,131 1,829,178 (305,047) 1,524,131
(152,011) 1,372,120
1,829,178 (305,047) 1,524,131
24,920,248 1,338,579 26,258,827
24,920,248 24,920,248
i
•Balances in Special Purpose Funds transferred from the Royal Children's Hospital Research Institute as at 30 April 2000. This Is Included In the Net Assets Transferred referred to In Note 3.
(c) Permanent Investment Fund Balance at beginning of year Transfer from accumulated funds Balance at end of year (d) Building Development Fund Balance at beginning of year Transfer from accumulated funds Balance at end of year (e) Fellowships & Scholarships Fund Balance at beginning of year Transfer from accumulated funds Balance at end of year
24,920,248
1,338,579 26,258,827
24,920,248 24,920,248
2,600,000 2,600,000
2,600,000 2,600,000 2,600,000
1,000,000 1,000,000
2,600,000
2,600,000 2,600,000
1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000 1,000,000
ANNUAL
REPORT
2001
105
( !
T1. Additional Financial Instruments Disclosure (a) Interest Rate Risk The consolidated entity's major financial assets are an investment portfolio managed by Credit Suisse, Wellington's, Merril Lynch and State Street Global Advisers, a bank account, trade receivables and intercompany receivables. The investment portfolio includes fixed interest deposits, indexed bonds and property trusts. The average effective interest rate of the bank account was 1 % at 31 December 2001. 'i
Trade and intercompany receivables and payables are non-interest bearing.
i
The consolidated entity does not enter into derivative contracts to alter interest rate exposure. (b) Foreign Exchange Risk The consolidated entity does not enter into forward foreign exchange contracts. (c) Credit Risk Credit risk represents the accounting loss that would be recognised at the reporting date if counterparties failed to perform as contracted. The credit risk on financial assets which have been recognised on the balance sheet approximates the carrying amount. The consolidated entity is not materially exposed to any individual customer or counterparty. (d) Net Fair Values of Financial Assets and Liabilities The estimated redemption value of interests in Trusts/Equity Units and market value of listed investments are shown in Note 5. The Directors consider that the carrying amount of other recognised financial assets and liabilities approximates their net fair values.
12. Notes to the Statements of Cash Flows (i) Reconciliation of Cash. For the purposes of the Statements of Cash Flows, the entity considers cash to include cash on hand and at bank and short term deposits at call. Cash as at the end of the reporting period as shown in the Statements of Cash Flows is reconciled to the related items in the Balance Sheets as follows: Company Consolidated 2000 2001 2000 2001
CASH SHORTTERM DEPOSITS
$
$
$
$
2,546,508 30,734 2,577,242
1,154,403 26,314 1,180,717
1,701,960
554,417
1,701,960
554,417 ANNUAL REPORT 200 1 106 -
■*
'i
(ii) Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided by/(Used) in Operating Activities Consolidated
fe.
The Company 2001 2000 $ $
2001 $
2000 $
Operating Surplus Add/(Less) Non Cash Items
1,190,475
252,790
1,186,450
247,821
Depreciation & Amortisation Amounts set aside to Provisions Commercialisation income
965,535 317,507 (1,150,000)
540,669 527,607
926,616 76,628 (1,150,000)
514,560 95,469
Add/(Less) Items classified as investing activities Gain on sale of investments Dividends and amounts reinvested Interest/Distributions Received
(919,191) (15,632)
(16,140)
388,694
(683,115)
120,503
(1,130,191)
(530,198) (6,344)
(467,783) (260,202)
(610,342)
(538,107)
72,500 (490,933) 114,080 (221,498) 28,146 141,218
72,500 616,699 (138,489) 380,686
(173,006) 72,500 (289,856) 114,080 (203,445) 28,146 157,517
240,200 72,500 341,692 (138,489) 322,322
(504,336)
(479,704)
(783,903)
(830,073) *
Net cash provided by operating activities before a change in assets and liabilities Add/(Less) Changes in Assets & Liabilities (lncrease)/Decrease in Debtors - Sundry (lncrease)/Decrease in Patient Fees Due lncrease/(Decrease) in Amount owing to Controlled Entity (lncrease)/Decrease in Prepayments lncrease/(Decrease) in Accounts Payable lncrease/(Decrease) in Grants in Advance lncrease/(Decrease) in Accrued Expenses lncrease/(Decrease) in Special Purpose Eunds lncrease/(Decrease) in Employee Provisions NET CASH PROVIDEDAUSED) BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
(1,988,041)
(1,988,041) (919,191)
(iii) Acquisition S'i'
Ii.’
During the last financial year (2000) the company acquired 100% of the net assets of Royal Children's Hospital Research Institute. Details of the acquisition are: Consideration
r
ANNUAL REPORT 2001 107
L,
Consolidated 2000 2001
The Company 2000 2001
$
$
531,529 619,670 7,968 5,150,680 2,886,729 (407,498) (375,000) (592,962) 7,821,116
-
531,529 619,670 7,968 5,150,680 2,886,729 (407,498) (375,000) (592,962) 7,821,116
28,500
17,460
20,000
435,491
379,121
266,6gT‘™“'"™2f2WT
$
$
Fair value of net assets acquired
1:
Property, plant and equipment Receivable - RCH Loan to controlled entity Cash Investments Trade creditors Provision for lab development Other provisions
!l i!
13. Remuneration of Auditors Audit services: Auditors of the company - KPMG
:
7,860
:
14. Directors' Remuneration ■«
llbtal income paid or payable, or otherwise made I available, to all Directors of the Company and of leach entity in the consolidated entity from the Company ?or any related party.
The number of Directors of the Company whose total income from the Company or any related partyfalls within the following bands:
$0 $210,000 $230,000 $260,000
$9,999 $219,999 $239,999 $269,999
NO. 15
NO. 15 1
1
Non executive Directors are not remunerated. Superannuation contributions paid in respect of Directors are included in total income received.
15. Liability of Members In accordance with the Articles of Association, in the event of the company being wound up, members may be called upon to make a subscription not exceeding ten dollars. As at the 31 December 2001 the number of members of the Company is 75. ANNUAL REPORT 200 1 108
16. Related Party Disclosures Directors The names of each person holding the position of director of Murdoch Childrens Research Institute during the financial year: Mr. L.G. Cox Ms. J. Calvert-Jones Mrs. J.M. Fenton Mr. P. Griffin Mrs. J. Paterson
Professor PJ. Smith Mr. M. Armstrong Ms. H.M. Davison Mr. W.H. Hodgson Professor D.G. Penington
Professor G. Tregear A/Prof. K. Alexander Professor K. O'Dea Professor R. Smallwood Professor R. Williamson
Mr. P. Bartels A/Prof. A. Dart
Transactions with the Company or its controlled entities No director has entered into a material contract with the Company or the consolidated entity since the end of the previous financial year and there were no material contracts involving directors' interests existing at year end. Wholly-owned group Financial assistance is provided by the Company to a controlled entity by way of infrastructure and overheads. Included in sundry debtors payable in Note 4 are amounts receivable from the wholly-owned controlled entity by the company at balance date of $8,355 (2000, $164,651 payable).
17. Segment Information The principal activities of the consolidated entity during the course of the financial year were to conduct medical research into conditions that effect babies, children and adolescents.
18. Particulars in Relation to Controlled Entities Name Victorian Clinical Genetics 5ervices Ltd Foundation Biotech Pty Ltd BN Investments Pty Ltd Ausgenics Pty Ltd Technology Commercialisation Entity Pty Ltd SciBAC Pty Ltd
Note (i) (ii) (ii) (ii)
2001 100% 91% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2000 100% 100% 100%
All controlled entities are incorporated in Australia (i) 9% of shares were disposed of during the year (ii) Acquired during 2001 for a consideration of $2 ANNUAL REPORT 2001 109
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and its Controlled Entities
Directors' Declaration
Independent Audit Report to the Members of the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
1. In the opinion of the directors of Murdoch Childrens Research Institute:
Scope
Audit Opinion
We have audited the financial report of Murdoch Childrens Research Institute for the financial year ended 31 December 2001, consisting of the statements of financial performance, statements of financial position, statements of cash flows, accompanying notes, and the directors' declaration set out on pages 6 to 20. The financial report includes the consolidated financial statements of the consolidated entity, comprising the Company and the entities it controlled at the end of the year or from time to time during the financial year. The Company's directors are responsible for the financial report. We have conducted an independent audit of this financial report in order to express an opinion on it to the members of the Company.
In our opinion, the financial report of Murdoch Childrens Research Institute is in accordance with:
(a) the financial statements and notes set out on pages 6 to 19 are in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including: (i) giving a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company and consolidated entity as at 31 December 2001 and of their performance, as represented by the results of their operations and their cash flows, for the year ended on that date; and (ii) complying with Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations 2001; and
i'
(b) there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable.
Dated at Melbourne this 3rd day of April 2002. Signed in accordance with a resolution of the directors:
Mr Laurence G Cox AO Chairman
(a) the Corporations Act 2001, including: i) giving a true and fair view of the Company's and the consolidated entity's financial position at 31 December 2001, and of their performance for the year ended on that date; and ii) complying with Accounting Standards and Corporations Regulations 2001; and (b) other mandatory professional reporting requirements. Dated at Melbourne this 3rd day of April 2002.
Our audit has been conducted in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards to provide reasonable assurance whether the financial report is free of material misstatement. Our procedures included examination, on a test basis, of evidence supporting the amounts and other disclosures in the financial report, and the evaluation of accounting policies and significant accounting estimates. These procedures have been undertaken to form an opinion as to whether, in all material respects, the financial report is presented fairly in accordance with Accounting Standards and other mandatory professional reporting requirements and statutory requirements in Australia so as to present a view which is consistent with our understanding of the Company's and the consolidated entity's financial position, and performance as represented by the results of their operations and their cashflows.
KPMG Chartered Accountants
___ R J Douglas Partner
il
The audit opinion expressed in this report has been formed on the above basis. ANNUAL
REPORT
200 1
110
Financial Summaty The Year In Brief ,r
1999 $12,263,874 181 12 193
Expenditure on Research Number of Staff Number of Students Total Number of Staff & Students
2000 $21,549,912 420 37 457
Operating Revenue
23.10
89.19 28.45
35
30
30
25
25
(A
i w
41.46
Operating Expenditure
35
0
%Change for Last Year
2001 $30,484,692 517 70 587
20
20
li
:= E
w
10
15 10
y
5
5
0
0 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Year
Year
Income - Source of Funds
Expenses - Application of Funds
1998
1999
2000
2001
3%
Clinical Services
I Other Income
I
I Donations
I
I Investment Income
I Clinical Services
I
I Education & Ethics
1*
Research Grants I
I
Operating & Maintenance I
'S! 59%
ii
1%
If
I Administration Development & Fund Raising Research Groups
6% I
I Services Labs
4% 1% 51%
ANNUAL REPORT 2001 111
1
*
Im m i
itm
Our Supporters Juvenile Diabetes Foundation
Rockman Charitable Fund
Donors - Organisational
Kidney Foundation
Uncle Bobs Club
Ballarat Grammar School
Kimberley Foundation
Victorian Trauma Foundation
Beta Sigma
LEW Carty Charitable Fund
The Wellcome Trust
Cardiology Department RCH
The Miller Foundation Ltd
Windemere Foundation
Catholic Regional College
Mitzutani Foundation
William Angliss Charitable Fund
Cleftpals Victoria
Muscular Dystrophy Association USA
William Buckland Foundation ANZ
Croydon Primary School
National Heart Foundation
Corporate Donors
Institute for Horticultural
Foundations and Trusts
Percy Baxter Charitable Fund
Brunswick Medical Group
Development
Annamila
Pierce Armstrong Foundation
Credit Suisse First Boston
Kingswood College
Apex Foundation
Pratt Foundation
Deacons
Lome Tennis Association Australia
Australian Drug Foundation
Ramaciotti Foundation
ECA Asia Pacific
Maurice Hall
Bell Charitable Fund
Rebecca L Cooper Medical Research Foundation
Fenton Communications
Mayfield
Foursight Associates Pty Ltd
Melbourne Grammar School
Beyond Blue
Gadens Lawyers
Methodist Ladies' College
Danar Pty Ltd
GP Embelton and Co
MI7
Dara Foundation
Health Information Services
Opthalmic Research Institute
Darinka Pty Ltd
Herald and Weekly Times
RMIT University
Ebony Forbes Trust
Highpoint Shopping Centre
Rotary Club of Camberwell
Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation
Macquarie Bank
Rotary Club of Footscray
Marketing Direct Australia
Royal College of Physicians
Gotta Get A Life Foundation
Orica
Southvale Primary School
H and L Hecht Trust
Pacific Rim Marketing Group
St John Paul College
Helen Macpherson Smith Trust
PMP Print
Thalassaemia Society of Victoria Inc
Hugh DT Williamson Foundation
Rider Hunt Melbourne
Urological Society of Australia
The Ian Potter Foundation
RMC
YAFFA
The Jack Brockhoff Foundation
The Coulson Group Pty Ltd
JB Were and Sons Charitable Fund
The In Group
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute thanks all our supporters in 2001... Patron Dame Elisabeth Murdoch AC DBE
Besen Family Foundation
Kl
CSIRO Geelong Charity
ANNUAL REPORT 2001 113
f
Individual Donors
John D and Lyla Harris
I and P Rowe
In memory of Ashne Gardiner
Hilary Ash
Rebecca Hetrel
George Scott
Mrs Jan Burge
L and I Barbieri
FL Humphris
Mr and Mrs Seiker
Mr and Mrs F Harris
JS and JM Beaconsfield
Huysman Family
Donne Simpson
Insportz Springvale
Katherine Behrend
Louise M Gourlay
Susan M Sims
Mauis Weymouth
SG Berkoff
Keith Ince
J Smart
The Willaimson Family
K Best
Julie Kantor
Annette Smorgon
K Brady
Michael and Silvia Kantor
Nick Stratford
In memory of Barnie Bitcon
RA Bray
Elizabeth Kennedy
Grant Stephenson
Krystyna and Peter Komocka
David and Karina Calvert-Jones
Dorothy Kimberley
RL Stock
John and Janet Calvert-Jones
PJ and JC Lethlean
ML Thompson
In memory of Shaun Martin
Carolyn Cameron
JK Little
Robert J Thompson
Valerie Walsh
JW and FC Capes
Dame Patricia McKinnon
RN Walford
RM Charlton
Robert Macdonald
Dorothy Wright
Lisa Clemenger
Abinendra Maharaj
D Xenos
YAFFA Ball Support in Kind Beaurepaire Tyres
P Cook
Rob and Jane Malone
Grace L Cuming
Mangan Family
Estates
Bohn Savi Design
E Cunningham
Maurice Hall
Estate of AT Robertson
Calibre
Rosanne Cunningham
Mayfield
Estate of E H Flack
Carlton Football Club
Allan and Lorraine Curtis
LR and RW Mills
Estate of EC Cunningham
Anthony and Marina Darling
DJ Moonamalle
Estate of NE Creaton
Asuman Erdogan
Dame Elisabeth Murdoch
Estate of Rita Hazel Andrews
RJ and DK Fraser
Lachlan and Sarah Murdoch
Estate of Walter HR Alexander
Tony Fraser
Robert Newman
Bernard Curry
Neilma Gantner
Ryan and Sharron O'Hare
In memory of Grace Violet
Emily Gilfillan
Sarah O'Hare
Sainsbery
Stuart F Gooley
GA and KJ Phyland
E Hutchieson
Peter J Griffin
Dr Peter Rogers
Mr and Mrs Handbury
Dr Rosenfeldt
f/J i'l " '
C . Jr
■:,]
1.1
ANNUAL REPORT 20 0 1 114
I
i
Clive Peeters
Jacqui Dixon
Crown Towers
Elly Edwards
DJ Matty G
Lizzie Gibson
Endota Retreat Spa
Jo Gilbert
GUS
Chloe Harrison
Hawthorn Football Club
Victoria Knox
Horizon Sailmakers
Michelle O'Neil
IMG
Dominic Ralton
Kevin Read
Katrina Read
Lisa Hensley
Michael Seeley
Melbourne Diving Services
Bek Wendt
RG Floors
"h
h I > h
h
■
Riedel Imports
M17 - Shelley Beach Classic
RMC
Committee
Shelby Tanner
Louise Calvert-Jones
St Kilda Football Club
Jacqui Clark
Suzi Nikoloski
Mandy Fish
Synergy Hair Salon
Mandy Lane
Tanya Powell Model Agency
Sue Michelmore
Vivien's Model Management
Katie Rothfield
YAFFA Ball Committee
T
Carrie Beetham
T
Steve Beetham
MCRI Annual Report Editors
Varlli Beetham Claire Cattanach Elli Cattanach Fiona Clancy
Narelle Curtis .
LX
Deborah Bugiera Design Smart Creative Print PMP Print
ANNUAL
REPORT
2 001
115
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Ss Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia Phone: 61 3 8341 6200 Fax: 61 3 9348 1391 murdoch.rch.unimelb.edu.au
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ABN 21 006 566 972
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