27 10 15 urban design p32027 studio 1 group 4

Urban Design Studio 1 West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development P32072

Group 4

Meryem Benyahya | Deepika Gupta | Mui Hua Lim | Safa Sharif | Rebecca Smale 27th October 2015

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Contents West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 1.0 Vision 2.0 SWOT

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Site Analysis

3.0 Design Development 4.0 Masterplan

4.1 Masterplan 4.2 House Type, Height and Density

5.0 Design Objectives

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6

Permeability Legibility Richness Resilience / Robustness Vitality Variety

6.0 Space Syntax 7.0 Conclusion 8.0 Bibliography 9.0 Appendix

9.1 Development Sketches

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Vision To create a vibrant mixed use centre at the heart of the Botley community; a flexible and sustainable space which respects the existing scale and context. The design addresses the community requirements for a safe and attractive community space, with growing economical opportunities, diverse facilities and a place for all stages of life. A healthy lifestyle is promoted through prioritisation of pedestrian and cycle users.

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Vision To create a vibrant mixed use centre at the heart of the Botley community; a flexible and sustainable space which respects the existing scale and context. The design addresses the community requirements for a safe and attractive community space, with growing economical opportunities, diverse facilities and a place for all stages of life. A healthy lifestyle is promoted through prioritisation of pedestrian and cycle users.

Vision

Design Area

Design Objective

Why

Design Action

Permeability

DO 5.1 To create a sustainable development that actively manages growth patterns in the area.

Energy consumption by vehicles is a major contributing factor to pollution and global warming. The design will focus on providing sustainable travel options, promoting walking, cycling and public transport in favour of private vehicles and major transport infrastructure.

DA 5.1.1. Provision of high-speed dedicate cycle lanes, promoting safety for leisure users and added efficiency of travel for commuters.

DA 5.1.2 Highly connected pedestrian routes from residential areas to The New Elms Parade to encourage a healthy lifestyle.

DA 5.1.3 Provision of dedicated cycle lanes which connect to the existing National Cycle Network.

DA 5.1.4 Highly connected vehicle routes, promoting use of the ring road.

DA 5.1.5 The scheme aims to balance the provision of vehicle facilities with the promotion of sustainable forms of transport resulting in inclusive site accessibility. This is in-line with the Oxfordshire County Council ‘Local Transport Plan 2011-20103’ which aims to support the local economy and access to services.

Legibility

DO 5.2 Improvement of pedestrian environment to create through routes, natural surveillance and flexible public space, supporting active frontages.

Botley is a vehicle dominated environment and is distinctly lacking in public open space. To promote a healthy lifestyle in Botley is paramount that pedestrians and cyclist regain priority. This in turn will address issues of safety, health and a sense of community.

DA 5.2.1 The central promenade, a flexible public space, is a natural statement for the importance of a healthy and pleasing environment. The pathway guides users through a landscape of artificially created hills and valleys.

DA 5.2.2 To create a legible and more transparent infrastructure throughout the site, cycle routes will be organised around the Promenade with connections to the existing neighbourhood.

DA 5.2.3 The scheme promotes the use of allotment gardens as the form-work of urban sustainability. The allotments help connect the built environment and the open spaces which comprise it.

DA 5.2.4 These open spaces between the built environment encourage legibility and the movement of the physical elements wind, water and matter, but also people.

DA 5.2.5 These open spaces are appropriated as required by local residents as flexible social spaces for a range of sporting activities. The social interaction encouraged through participation in informal activities promotes a sense of community.

DA 5.2.6 Residential units actively front onto the public space, providing natural surveillance.

DA 5.2.7 The height of the apartment blocks are offset by the width of the central public space.

DA 5.2.8 Single surface road design to create a flexible and adaptable market space which prioritises the pedestrian.

DA 5.2.9 Vehicles are encouraged to drive cautiously through space, giving priority to pedestrians.

DA 5.2.10 The raised table and distinctive paving mark the extension of the New Elms Parade.

DA 5.2.11 The single surface public space also promotes accessibility for all users.

DA 5.2.12 Textural changes in materials (tactile paving) distinguish the pedestrian route and 20pmh speed limit.

DA 5.2.13 Pedestrians walk freely across West Way, connecting the residential zone to the redeveloped community centre.

DA 5.2.14 Plentiful cycle storage promotes a healthy lifestyle.

Distinctness and Richness

DO 5.3 To intensify and extend existing land mark features of Botley Shops.

West Way is a wide and fast moving road, which acts as a pedestrian barrier between the two sites. Creating a central, pedestrianised space will improve the pedestrian environment, supporting the existing active frontage of Elms Parade.

DA 5.3.1 Intensify and evolve Elms Parade into the ‘New Elms Parade’, a shared surface market space running the length of West Way. DA 5.3.2 Prioritise pedestrian and cycle routes and crossing points through used of shared surface across West Way. DA 5.3.3 Introduce bus stopping points along the West Way road to slow traffic flow and encourage vehicle use of ring road.

DA 5.3.4. Connect West Way to the high speed cycle lanes and the existing cycle network DA 5.3.5. Celebrate the existing landmark St Peter and St Pauls church by incorporating it in the public Piazza.

Robustness and Resilience

DO 5.4 Use sustainable design principles to create a energy efficient development.

Implementation of sustainable design principles such as natural daylight and passive ventilation can vastly reduce energy consumption and consequential carbon emissions.

Botley is a place where residents grow up and grow old and seeks to design for its future residents and future environmental factors.

DA 5.4.1 Incorporating green networks and soft landscaping into the urban environment to combat pollution, reduce carbon levels, regulate temperatures, act as wind shields and provide shade in summer.

DA 5.4.2 Maintain distances of minimum 20m between blocks to ensure generous levels of daylight enter buildings to prevent unnecessary use of lights during daylight hours.

Vitality

DO 5.5 To encourage participation and interaction between Botley’s businesses and residents.

Trade, interaction and communication between people of all ages, genders and ethnicities helps to create a strong sense of community.

Use of central public space will help to facilitate these interactions.

DA 5.5.1 DA 5.5.2 DA 5.5.3 DA 5.5.4

Variety

DO 5.6 To intensify Botley shopping centre and provide facilities for the growing community.

Botley shops are currently used by 5000 residents within the local catchment area. Popularity has a grown the demand for housing and the local facilities must be increased to provide for the growing population.

DA 5.6.1 Existing food retail units have been increased by 50% to address the growing population’s demand for a variety of retailers.

DA 5.6.2 Provision of more ground floor cafe and restaurant units will promote the evening economy.

DA 5.6.3 1st and 2nd floor residential units provide natural surveillance.

Occupation of public space throughout the day encourages a wider demographic to enjoy the space simultaneously.

Pedestrianised West Way contains street furniture which encourages occupation.

A weekly market occupies West Way encouraging local producers to trade alongside residents.

The promenade is community owned and maintain and gives residents a sense of ownership.

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2.0 SWOT West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats

2.1 Strengths

2.2 Weaknesses

- Rich history and strong sense of community.

- Landmark building Elms Parade - Good public transport and cycle links to city centre - Variety of community facilities - Library, Community hall, School and Church - Good pedestrian / cycle links between two sites - Well connected to existing street network Church

Primary School

Oxford Railway Parking Bus

Link to Oxford

- Inadequate and fragmented road system, lacking pedestrian and cycle routes - Low architectural quality existing buildings, lacking active frontage - Limited pedestrian routes and natural surveillance - West Way restricts pedestrian movement and isolates site 1 from site 2 - Limited evening economy - Height of surrounding buildings limits proposal - Level distance between St Peter and St Pauls church creates pedestrian barrier - Limited public space and soft landscaping - Proximity to A420 attributes to noise and pollution levels - Land fall from North to South of Tilbury Lane

2.3 Opportunities

2.4 Threats

- Improvement of pedestrian environment to create through routes, natural surveillance and flexible public space, supporting active frontages -Provision of appropriate car and cycle parking - Improvement of pedestrian link across West Way - Diversification of facilities to improve evening economy - Intensify and evolve Elms Parade into shared surface space for outdoor events - Connect to existing cycle routes to promote a healthy lifestyle.

- Provision of medium density housing and apartments, including 35% affordable housing and elderly care

- Elevated A34 forms visual barrier to north - A34 and West Way are a source of pollution and noise - Impact on views from surrounding hills of Oxford - Presence of overhead power cables has cost implication - Presence of existing SUDS on Southern boundary - Presence of mature tree roots along Tilbury Lane - Green belt development restrictions -Presence of existing foul sewer and easement line - Proximity to existing housing backs on South and West boundary.

Green space / soft landscaping

Road Links

Pedestrian Links Views

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2.0 Site Analysis West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development Land Use and Walking Distance

Botley is situated on the Western outskirts of Oxford around the intersection of the A34 and A420 Ring road.

Botley is a residential suburb with a small amount of commercial and retail facilities.

Botley shops comprise of Elms Parade and West Way shopping centre.

The green field development site is within a 10 minute walk of West Way. House prices are above average.

Botley’s popularity means there is a requirement for new homes, including affordable homes for younger people and vulnerable person housing for the elderly.

Existing Building Uses

Green Field Site Botley

Average Walking Speed 5km/h

West Way Shopping Centre

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3.0 Design Development West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 3.1 Development Sketches - Site 1 and Site 2

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3,1. Initial Site Analysis Sketch showing relationship of two sites and roads and footpaths connections between.

3.2. Combined SWOT diagrams to build a bigger picture of the sites relationships to one another.

3.3. Using vehicle, pedestrian and cycle routes to form basic block shapes and address unusual site shape.

3.4. Plot sketch including a vision of a green walkway lining the main route, terminating at the summit of the site.

3.5. Sketch exploring more detailed understanding of plots within blocks.

3.6. Sketch exploring green walkway and its role as a flexible public green space, including allotments + community areas.

3.7. Design option for green walkway, allotment and community space.

3.8. More resolved CAD drawing showing housing types around green walk way, leading to leisure centre.

3.9. Rendered CAD file presented in Crit. Unresolved leisure centre and placement of dwellings.

3.0 Design Development West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 3.2 Development Sketches - Site 1

3.10. SWOT sketches considering vehicle, cycle and pedestrian traffic and how to priorotise pedestrians with the space.

3.11. Initial sketch proposal considering central public open space and West Way’s width

3.12. Diagramatic sketch considering types of buildings.

3.13. Diagramatic sketch considering through routes and active frontage.

3.14. Sketch proposal considering mixed use units within buildings.

3.15.

3.16. Sketch sections to understand building heights and relationship with surrounding public space.

3.17. Sketch section showing relationship between site 2 mixed use units and public open space.

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4.0 Master Plan

1

West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development Roof Plan - Prioritise pedestrian / cycle routes through use of shared surfaces

- Provide a range of 1,2,3 bed apartments and 3 + 4 bed houses.

- Centrally located allotments attribute to a sense of community ownership and encourage production of food, which can be sold on market day at the new Elms Parade.

- Focus density of housing around centre of development with increases towards the North East edge of the site.

- Provision of cycle storage for each dwelling encouraging a healthy lifestyle.

- Location of leisure centre has physical links with local school and pedestrian route to Elms Parade.

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3 2 4

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- Promote pedestrian and cycle links to Elms Parade.

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- Provide dedicated high speed cycle lanes for commuters, local school children and residents.

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1

Soft landscape buffer

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New Elms Parade

2

Leisure centre

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Hotel, community centre, library

3

High speed cycle route

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Baptist church

4

High density apartments

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Restaurants

5

The promenade / allotments

13

Retail

6

Outdoor activities

14

Piazza

7

Shared surface

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Residential

8

Medium density housing

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10

9

12

14 15

13

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4.0 Master Plan West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development House Types + Density

1 bed apartment - 49m2 132 | AFS 84 | AFR 24

Total : 240

2 bed apartment - 60m 203 | AFS 129 | AFR 37

Total : 369

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Housing Standards

2 storey house

Mean housing standards were identified in research conducted by Scott Wilson for CABE (April 2010)

3 storey apartment

Market Housing Provision

3 bed apartment - 90m2 112 | AFS 71 | AFR 20

Total : 204

Market homes for sale : 548

3 bed house - 95 m2 79 | AFS 50 | AFR 14

Total : 143

Affordable Housing Provision

Total : 41

Affordable housing provision is according to the Oxford Affordable Housing and Planning Obligations Supplementary Planning Document (2013)

4 bed house - 100m2 23 | AFS 14 | AFR 4

xx

Total 997

Density : 67 dwellings / hectare

Affordable homes for sale (AFS) : 349 (35%) Affordable homes for rent (AFR) : 100 (10%)

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5.0 Design Actions West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 5.1 Permeability DO 5.1 To create a sustainable development that actively manages growth patterns in the area.

Why Energy consumption by vehicles is a major contributing factor to pollution and global warming. The design will focus on providing sustainable travel options, promoting walking, cycling and public transport in favour of private vehicles and major transport infrastructure.

How DA 5.1.1. Provision of high-speed dedicate cycle lanes, promoting safety for leisure users and added efficiency of travel for commuters.

DA 5.1.2 Highly connected pedestrian routes from residential areas to The New Elms Parade to encourage a healthy lifestyle.

DA 5.1.3 Provision of dedicated cycle lanes which connect to the existing National Cycle Network.

DA 5.1.4 Highly connected vehicle routes, promoting use of the ring road.

DA 5.1.5 The scheme aims to balance the provision of vehicle facilities with the promotion of sustainable forms of transport resulting in inclusive site accessibility. This is in-line with the Oxfordshire County Council ‘Local Transport Plan 2011-20103’ which aims to support the local economy and access to services.

5.1.3 Enhanced Pedestrian / Cycle Routes and Connections

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5.1.1 Dedicated Cycle Lanes Bike Parking Racks

5.1.2 Pedestrian Routes

5.1.4 Vehicle Routes 5.1.5 Car Parking Spaces (90)

Cycle / Pedestrian and Vehicle Routes

5.0 Design Actions West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 5.2 Legibility - The Promenade DO 5.2 Improvement of pedestrian environment to create through routes, natural surveillance and flexible public space, supporting active frontages.

Why

Cycle route

Botley is a vehicle dominated environment and is distinctly lacking in public open space. To promote a healthy lifestyle in Botley is paramount that pedestrians and cyclist regain priority. This in turn will address issues of safety, health and a sense of community.

How

1

Outdoor activities

2

Green lane

Pedestrian leisure route

3

Dedicated cycle lane

High speed commuter route

Dedicated leisure route

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Vehicle Routes Site Location

DA 5.2.1 The central promenade, a flexible public space, is a natural statement for the importance of a healthy and pleasing environment. The pathway guides users through a landscape of artificially created hills and valleys.

Pedestrian route

DA 5.2.2 To create a legible and more transparent infrastructure throughout the site, cycle routes will be organised around the Promenade with connections to the existing neighbourhood.

DA5.2.3 The scheme promotes the use of allotment gardens as the form-work of urban sustainability. The allotments help connect the built environment and the open spaces which comprise it.

DA 5.2.4 These open spaces between the built environment encourage legibility and the movement of the physical elements wind, water and matter, but also people.

Green ribbon

DA 5.2.5 These open spaces are appropriated as required by local residents as flexible social spaces for a range of sporting activities. The social interaction encouraged through participation in informal activities promotes a sense of community.

DA 5.2.6 Residential units actively front onto the public space, providing natural surveillance.

DA 5.2.7 The height of the apartment blocks are offset by the width of the central public space.

Artificial grass hills

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5.0 Design Actions West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 5.2 Legibility - The Parade

Site Location DA 5.2.8 Single surface road design to create a flexible and adapatable market space which priorotises the pedestrian.

DA 5.2.9 Vehicles are encouraged to drive cautiously through space, giving priority to pedestrians.

DA 5.2.10 The raised table and distinctive paving mark the extension of the New Elms Parade.

DA 5.2.11 The single surface public space also promotes accessibility for all users.

DA 5.2.12 Textural changes in materials (tactile paving) distinguish the pedestrian route and 20pmh speed limit.

DA 5.2.13 Pedestrians walk freely across West Way, connecting the residential zone to the redeveloped community centre.

DA 5.2.14 Plentiful cycle storage promotes a healthy lifestyle.

Shared surface - Bingley Stone Yorkshire Paving Pedestrian Paving - Granite Cycle Parking

Tactile, Granite paving to denote vehicle presence in space.

(Exhibition Road, 2015)

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Shared Surface - Yorkshire Paving (Exhibition Road, 2015)

(Cycle Parking, 2015)

5.0 Design Actions West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 5.2 Legibility - The Piazza

The New Elms Parade Hotel, Community Centre and Library Baptist Church Restaurants Retail Piazza Residential / Care Green space Car Parking Services Cycle parking The Piazza Situated at the very foot of the landmark building - St Peter and St Pauls Church, the new square derives its shape from the 1930s, triangular roofs of the surrounding area, creating a cascading landscape carved into the street-scape.

The piazza, as an urban space of possibilities for cultural expression, architecture, urbanism and landscape are in accord.

5.2.15 Making public space which invites and engages people.

(Public Steps, 2015)

Carlsberg Open Space, 2015)

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5.0 Design Actions West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 5.2 Legibility

1 Hotel, library,

community hall 2 Baptist church 3 Car parking Restaurants 4 5 Food retail 6 Non-food retail 7 New Elms Parade 8 Retail 9 Church 10

Residential and Care 11 Residential and Care

Fountains

Services

Piazza

Service lanes are located where buildings are back to back.

Therefore, limiting vehicle access to the site and specifically into pedestrian spaces.

The piazza, the heart of the square realises the potential for public space as a place for people. The existing church is incorporated into the space and is celebrated as a landmark building.

Services

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Centrally located fountains will add a sensual experience to the surrounding cafes and retail units.

The New Elms Parade

Green Public Space

The New Elms Parade is no longer dominated by fast moving vehicles and is instead reclaimed by pedestrians and cyclists.

The shared surface area will be dedicated to farmers markets at the weekend, limiting traffic to one lane.

The green public space connects the urban environment. Similarly to the promenade in the residential a site and the parade on West way, the centralised public space helps to prioritise the pedestrian in the context of Botley.

5.0 Design Actions West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 5.3 Distinctness and Richness

DO 5.3 To intensify and extend existing land mark features of Botley Shops.

DA 5.3.2 Prioritise pedestrian and cycle routes and crossing points through used of shared surface across West Way.

Why

DA 5.3.3 Introduce bus stopping points along the West Way road to slow traffic flow and encourage vehicle use of ring road.

West Way is a wide and fast moving road, which acts as a pedestrian barrier between the two sites. Creating a central, pedestrianised space will improve the pedestrian environment, supporting the existing active frontage of Elms Parade.

How

DA 5.3.4. Connect West Way to the high speed cycle lanes and the existing cycle network DA 5.3.5. Celebrate the existing landmark St Peter and St Pauls church by incorporating it in the public Piazza.

DA 5.3.1 Intensify and evolve Elms Parade into the ‘New Elms Parade’, a shared surface market space running the length of West Way.

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5.0 Design Actions West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 5.4 Robustness and Resilience

DO 5.4 Use sustainable design principles to create a energy efficient development.

Why

Summer Sun Winter Sun

Implementation of sustainable design principles such as natural daylight and passive ventilation can vastly reduce energy consumption and consequential carbon emissions. Botley is a place where residents grow up and grow old and seeks to design for its future residents and the environmental factors which they will encounter.

How DA 5.4.1 Incorporating green networks and soft landscaping into the urban environment to combat pollution, reduce carbon levels, regulate temperatures, act as wind shields and provide shade in summer.

DA 5.4.2 Maintain distances of minimum 20m between blocks to ensure generous levels of daylight enter buildings to prevent unnecessary use of lights during daylight hours.

5.4.1 5.4.2

Solar Gain

35m

Sun Path Diagram

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5.0 Design Actions West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 5.5 Vitality The Piazza The piazza is at the heart of the mixed use development to the rear of Elms Parade. The central stepped area creates an active and vibrant square where people of all ages can sit, socialise and reflect at nay time of the year.

The space has plentiful natural surveillance; provided during the daytime by retail, evening by cafes and restaurants and at night by residential units. Users will feel safe and feel encouraged to occupy the space.

Why Trade, interaction and communication between people of all ages, genders and ethnicities helps to create a strong sense of community. Use of central public space will help to facilitate these interactions.

How DA 5.5.1 Occupation of public space throughout the day encourages a wider demographic to enjoy the space simultaneously.

5.5.1 The Piazza The New Elms Parade The New Elms Parade is a wider, pedestrianised street-scape. People are inclined to stay in the space and not only use it to get from A to B. Car parking has been rationalised and is less visible, whilst cycle storage and street furniture are prevalent, encouraging a healthy lifestyle. Street furniture also addresses the wider demographic, there are places to rest for the elderly, and meeting points for younger people.

5.5.2 The New Elms Parade

DO 5.5 To encourage participation and interaction between Botley’s businesses and residents.

DA 5.5.2 Pedestrianised West Way contains street furniture which encourages occupation.

DA 5.5.3 A weekly market occupies West Way encouraging local producers to trade alongside residents.

DA 5.5.4 The promenade is community owned and maintain and gives residents a sense of ownership.

A weekly market encourages local producers to participate and sell in the local community, strengthening connections with the local people. Local residents are also encouraged to produce food in the Parade and cycle down to sell at the Parade.

The Promenade and Allotments The Promenade, located at the centre of the housing development is a community owned allotment. The space is overlooked by the surrounding dwellings and has good natural surveillance. The result is a shared facility that encourages community participation.

5.5.4 The Promenade and Allotments

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5.0 Design Actions West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development 5.6 Variety

We have strategically located the hotel off the main road, on a seven storey building, As this is the tallest building on site it will act as a landmark and will be enrich the identity of Botley.

DO 5.6 To intensify Botley shopping centre and provide facilities for the growing community.

We have introduced 183 new homes 71 percent of them being affordable homes for sale and rent, this addresses the lack of affordable housing in the area. The housing a on this mixed use site is located above commercial retail unit, all at first floor and above. (DA 5.6.3) The entire apartments front looks onto the open public space providing natural surveillance (DA5.2.6).’ can we perhaps add this as it doesn’t appear.

Why Botley shops are currently used by around 5000 residents within the local catchment area. Botley’s popularity has seen a growing demand for housing and the local facilities must be increased to provide for the growing population.

How DA 5.6.1 Existing food retail units have been increased by 50% to address the growing population’s demand for a variety of retailers.

DA 5.6.2 Provision of more ground floor cafe and restaurant units will promote the evening economy.

DA 5.6.3 1st and 2nd floor residential units provide natural surveillance.

Food and Non-food retail

7480 m2

Residential 11210 m2 Residential - vulnerable/elderly assisted living

2350 m2

Commercial 2340 m2 Hotel 1176 m2 Library, Community Centre

1550 m2

Baptist Church 620 m2

Building Types

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Residential units above food and non food retail, joined by a central public space

6.0 Space Syntax West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development

space syntax

Existing Site

Proposed Site

Space Syntax - An observation of pedestrian movement.

fied in order to facilitate the growing population.

Why

6.2 Our contribution

To analyse existing movement patterns to inform the proposed layout of site one and site two.

How

The space syntax analyses the entire town centre and includes pedestrian movement, surveys and spatial analysis.

The study informs the provision of public space and the location of facilities.

6.1 The opportunity (existing site) :

6.3 The outcome

Botley is currently undergoing vast amounts of regeneration, including the addition of many residential dwellings.

This puts pressure on the facilities in the centre of Oxford, including the Railway station.

The space syntax identified the hierarchy of space used in the town centre and adjoining public spaces - Elms Parade and the Piazza. This informed the development of the urban design proposal.

Botley shops are required to evolve and become intensi-

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7.0 Conclusion West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development

Our main aim for the studio 1 Oxford Masterplan was to transform existing Botley community into a vibrant centre with flexible and sustainable spaces which respects the existing scale and context. By addressing community's requirement for a safe and attractive community space with growing economical opportunities, diverse facilities and a place for all stages of life, we enhanced the area's identity and permeability while providing a more sustainable approach to city planning.

The overall development is governed by the aim to create a sustainable development that actively manages growth pattern in the area. This is done through providing dedicated lanes for pedestrians, cyclist with priority over vehicles which promotes safety and efficiency for the users. Accessibility for vehicle users, cyclists and pedestrians is considered in terms of the effect on the local economy. The increase in efficiency also helps in reducing carbon emission/ foot print and energy wastage, contributing to a more healthier and sustainable living within the community.

The improvement of the pedestrian environment to create through routes, natural surveillance and flexible public spaces helps to support active frontages. Incorporation of cyclist and pedestrian pathways to create flexibility along the site and by promoting allotment gardens schemes, helps to connect the built environment and open spaces, creating interactive intermeediate spaces. Movement of physical elements with people is also considered to create a sense of place to the community where flexible social spaces are a means of catalyst to the scheme. Arrangement of buildings are also taken into consideration in terms of surveillance and sun-cast onto the public spaces.

Single surface road design for the new Elms parade creates flexible and adaptable market spaces which prioritise pedestrian movements but also open up accessibility to all users. The demarcation of spaces is achieved through textural changes which mark pedestrian priority spaces. This schemes allows cyclist to permeate through the site, promoting cycling as the prefered mode of transport whilst relating to the existing cycle networks. Introduction of bus stop points along West Way road also helps to slow down traffic flow and encourages vehicular use of the ring road.

The environmental impact the scheme has is minimal and by incorporating green networks and soft landscaping into urban environment, it helps to combat pollution, reduce the carbon footprint, regulate urban heat islands, buffer zones and create shade for the community. The green network also allows for building block separation which maximises sunlight into buildings and plazas, reducing energy consumption for lighting in buildings.

The emphasise of Botley’s people and their experience within the two sites, has created a safe and attractive community space. Taking into consideration all these factors, with a clear intention of creating a lively and healthier community, our master plan has responded to what makes a "good place" by creatinga vibrant and active landmark site that satisfys and fulfils the needs of the people and environment.

Key Reflection Points 7.1 The promenade space in site two resulted in small fragmented blocks which were difficult to position apartments plots and shared space in. With further time, we would look to address this spatial issue through manipulaiton of the road to facilitate larger blocks.

7.2 The cost of burying the powerlines on site two is at a cost of ÂŁ1,000,000 per km. With 0.7km passing throug the site, this is very costly and significantly effects our financial forecats. To remedy this we would need to vastly increase the density to cover the cost.

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8.0 Bibliography West Way Shopping Centre and Green Field Site Development References Adler, David. Metric Handbook. Oxford: Architectural Press, 1999. Print.

Barton, Hugh, Marcus Grant, and Richard Guise. Shaping Neighbourhoods. London: Spon, 2003.

Print.

Bicyle Dutch,. 'All About Dutch Cycling In The Netherlands'. N.p., 2013. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

Dezeen,. 'Superkilen Park By BIG, Topotek1 And Superflex'. N.p., 2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

Gehl, Jan. Life Between Buildings. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2011. Print.

Gehl, Jan. Public Spaces & Public Life Study. Copenhagen, Denmark: Ghel Architects ApS, 2011. Print. iLiveHere,. 'Botley, Oxfordshire'. N.p., 2011. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

Ingels, Bjarke. Yes Is More. Köln: Evergreen, 2010. Print.

Landezine.com,. 'Funenpark By LANDLAB'. N.p., 2015. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

London Design Guide,. 'London Design Guide'. N.p., 2015. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

Oxford.gov.uk,. 'Oxford City Council - Cycling And Walking'. N.p., 2015. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

Oxford.gov.uk,. 'Oxford City Council - Housing Strategy'. N.p., 2015. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

Spacesyntax.com,. 'Space Syntax'. N.p., 2015. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

Tarbatt, Jonathan. The Plot. London: RIBA Publishing, 2012. Print.

Udc.homesandcommunities.co.uk,. ‘Urban Design Compendium’. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 Oct. 2015.

West Way Community Concern,. 'Vision For Botley'. N.p., 2014. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

Whitehorsedc.gov.uk,. 'Welcome To Vale Of White Horse District Council - Vale Of White Horse District Council'. N.p., 2015. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

Image References Carlsberg Open Space. 2015. Web. 26 Oct. 2015.

Cycle Parking. 2015. Web. 26 Oct. 2015.

Exhibition Road. 2015. Web. 26 Oct. 2015.

Public Steps. 2015. Web. 26 Oct. 2015.

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