The American Revolution

The American Revolution

September 2010

Loyalists

Key Figures

Patriots

Those who remained loyal to the King of England during the Revolution.

The important characters of the Revolution, and their contributions.

Colonists who pushed for independence from England.

Table of Contents Page 4-5

Abigail Adams

Page 6

John Adams

Page 7-8

Samuel Adams

Page 9

Ethan Allen

Page 10

William Allen

Page 11

Crispus Attucks

Page 12-13

Mary Draper

Page 14

Benjamin Franklin

Page 15

William Franklin

Page 16

Simon Girty

Page 17-18

Nathanael Greene

Page 19

Nathan Hale

Page 20

John Hancock

Page 21-22

Patrick Henry

Page 23

Thomas Hutchinson

Page 24-25

Thomas Jefferson

Page 26

John Paul Jones

Page 27

James Madison

Page 28

James Monroe

Page 29-30

Thomas Paine

Page 31

Paul Revere

Page 32-33

Joseph Warren

Page 34-35

George Washington

NOVEMBER 11TH, 1744 – OCTOBER 28TH, 1818

Women’s Rights Abigail Smith Adams planted the seed to thoughts about women’s rights, especially in the field of education and property rights. She did not believe that women should just merely be companions for their husbands. Adams thought that they should get educated to help guide their families.

The 2nd First Lady

Abigail Smith Adams

Abigail’s Family Abigail was the wife of John Adams, the second president of the United States. John Adams turned to his wife quite frequently for advice on many matters.

They both were very intellectual, so they shared ideas.

Abigail was the mother of 6 children, 3 boys and 3 girls, one girl a stillborn.

Abigail never lived to see women’s rights come into affect. But she, with a supportive husband, planted the seed to spark up a women’s rights movement that would begin before they ever saw it happen.

Valerie Beraun

American History Research

A wife, a mother, a Revolutionary Figure.

1744 - 1818

Background Born

November 11, 1744 Weymouth, Province of Massachusetts Bay

Spouse

John Adams

Children

Abigail, John Quincy, Susanna, Charles, Thomas, Elizabeth (stillborn)

Religion

Congregational

During the Revolution Abigail is mostly remembered for the many letters she wrote to her husband, John, while he stayed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the Continental Congress. The letters they sent to each other were filled with intellectual discussions on government and politics. Another topic she addressed was women’s rights. Oh March 1776 she sent a letter to John and the Continental Congress requesting that they, “…remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than their ancestors.

The Book of Abigail and John This book includes numerous letters that John and Abigail would send each other. Through theses letters events of the Revolutionary War are unfolded. Their letters follow John’s journey from provincial lawyer and farmer in Braintree, Massachusetts, to delegate in the Continental Congress, to diplomatic success in Europe.

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The Stamp Act of 1765 ! John Adams was highly opposed to the stamp act of 1765. Adams explained that

the opposition of the colonies to the Stamp Act was because the Stamp Act deprived the American colonists of two basic rights guaranteed to all Englishmen, and which all free men deserved: rights to be taxed only by consent and to be tried only by a jury of one's peers. Then, in December of 1765, he delivered a speech before the governor and council in which he pronounced the Stamp Act invalid on the ground that Massachusetts, being without representation in Parliament, had not assented to it. !

The Boston Massacre

Declaration of Independence

In ! 1770, a street confrontation resulted in British soldiers killing five civilians in what quickly became known as the Boston Massacre. The soldiers involved were arrested on criminal charges and had trouble finding legal counsel. Finally, they asked Adams to defend them, and although he feared it would hurt his reputation, he agreed. Six of the soldiers were acquitted, but the two who had fired directly into the crowd were charged with murder. Although Adams had risked his career and taken the case he was still elected to the Massachusetts General Court in June 1770, while in preparation for the trial.!

! On June 7, 1776, Adams seconded the

!

resolution of independence introduced by Richard Henry Lee, which stated, "These colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states," and championed the resolution until it was adopted by Congress on July 2, 1776. He was appointed to a committee to draft a Declaration of Independence. Adams occupied the foremost place in the debate on the Declaration of Independence’s adoption. Many years later, Jefferson hailed Adams as "the pillar of [the Declaration's] support on the floor of Congress, its ablest advocate and defender against the multifarious assaults it encountered." ! !

Samuel Adams

9-16-10 How Did He Help?

Background

Sugar Act

Because the colonists were not represented in parliament, he argued that, they could not be taxed by that body of government. He wrote the instructions about taxation without representation.

Stamp Act

Again, he disagreed.

He knew it would harm Britain’s economy so he called for a boycott

Samuel Adams was born in Boston. He was raised to become a preacher but became interested in politics. He became a tax collected but was very, very, lax about it. He became popular with the people and soon was asked to help with some of the problems

Townshend He wrote the Massachusetts Acts Circular Letter calling for other colonies to help boycott the British

Boston Massacre and Tea Act.

A quote.

“Among the natural rights of the colonists are these: First a right to life, secondly to liberty, and thirdly to property; together with the right to defend them in the best manner they can” -Samuel Adams.

Adams wanted the soldiers who shot to have a fair trail so that the colonies didn’t seem like just a mob of people.

During the Tea Act he organized the Boston Tea Party to rebel against the Tea Act.

The summary of his part in the Revolution Samuel Adams was one of the biggest contributors of the revolution and has done many things. He was one of the biggest rebels even though he rebelled in a civil manner. He started the Sons of Liberty to help stop the unfair taxes and try to show the fact they wanted to be independent.

Derek W. Odell

September 16, 2010

Samuel Adams An American Revolutionist.

The start of the revolution.

Samuel Adams, along with Patrick Henry, began the argument for independence. Sam wrote letters about independence to newspapers all over the country under different names to make people believe all of Boston wanted independence from England.

Samuel Adams’ importance during the revolution.

Sam convinced many young men that independence would be good for America. Paul Revere, John Adams and John Hancock were some of the men who agreed with Sam's ideas. These three men became better known than Sam, even though his ideas helped shape their thoughts on independence.

When the Stamp Act of 1765 ordered the colonists to buy stamps from England, Samuel started a protest. He told the mob what to do. In 1766, the Stamp Act stopped. Samuel said this after the Stamp Act: "If our trade be taxed, why not our lands, or produce. . . in short, everything we possess? They tax us without having legal representation." Another thing that started the Revolution was the Boston Tea Party that Samuel also helped plan.

Before the Revolution Samuel was born in Boston in 1722. He was the cousin of John Adams. When Samuel Adams was young, his father wanted him to be a minister. Samuel went to work in a counting house, a place that is like a bank, but he was not good at adding and he spent too much time talking to other people about politics. Later the people in Boston elected him to be a tax collector, but he didn't like taking money from people.

Before becoming the successful Politian he came to be known as, he was an unsuccessful brewer and businessman.

Samuel Adams was also a signer of the constitution.

Samuel Adams led a unique and eventful life, going from a family brewer and eventually becoming a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Issue #1.

Ethan Allen

The Green Mountain Boys was a name applied to a group of soldiers from Vermont who fought in the American Revolution 3 (1775-1783). They took their name from the Green Mountains in Vermont. In 1775, on the verge of war, the Green Mountain Boys, led by Ethan Allen and Seth Warner, with reinforcements from Massachusetts and Connecticut, seized British-held forts at Ticonderoga and Crown Point on Lake Champlain in New York. In 1777 they helped win the Battle of Bennington in Vermont.

Nicholas S. Pollack

.

Ethan Allen, Vermonter and Revolutionary War Hero, 1738 - 1789 The Green Mountain Boys were originally organized by Allen before the revolution to oppose the claims of the New York government to Vermont territory. They repeatedly harassed New Yorkers and, after the war, declared Vermont an independent republic. When New York relinquished its claims to the land, Vermont applied for statehood and in 1791 became the 14th state.

William Allen By: Alicia Cuevas

Background William Allen was born in Philadelphia in the year of 1704. During the war he was a wealthy man. William Allen religion is Quaker he held lots of offices like city recorder and mayor. He is the oldest son of the Revolutionary war officer.

Allen is married to Margaret Hamilton and they have six children all together. Allen has his own high school the name of it is William Allen High School (WAHS). Famous for his high priced carriage and his horses.

William Allen Quote “The facts fairly and honestly presented; truth will take care of itself.”

During the Revolutionary War Allen was a Loyalist which means they remained loyal to the Kingdom of Great Britian. William Allen supported the revolution. He is chief justice of Pennsylvania. He agreed that the colonies seek to redress. He sided strongly to his colonies in many ways. He added a codicil to his will and the history therefore lead to neglecting the “Great Giant.” Allen was very wealthy because of his inheritance from his father. Allen performed a patriotic and investment service during this time also. He became in this war because he decided to continue to follow his fathers footsteps and he wanted to be just like him.

His commercial proved that Allen was also very successful. He wasn’t satisfied with gains of profits from privatering. He came with an expedition to search for the Northwest Passage. His profits were very limited.

Timeline 1725 William Allen dad who was a merchant that was very successful passed away.

1750-1774 He served as a chief justice during this years and he was succeed by Benjamin Chew.

1765 Stamp Act passed parliament it was a major to the revolutionary war

Crispus Attucks 1) Early Life

2) Mid-Life

3) The Boston Massacre

Early Life Of Attucks Crispus Attacks, born in August of 1723, in Framingham, Mass. Where little in know of him, other than his father John was executed for an attempted escape from the plantation in 1732. While on the plantation he developed crafty skills for developing writing techniques.

Which was huge for anyone let alone a slave.

1

Mid-life In 1740, at age 27, he escaped the plantation successfully to Nantucket.

Here he was a "harpooner" on a whaling ship. He stuck with this job until he turned 47. He fled from this job because of wanted posters appearing around Nantucket. His criminal record would follow him up until his fleeing. Once 47, he went to Boston. He changed his name to Michael Johnson, to avoid being caught from wanted posters, as well to apply for a job at the Boston Gazette. He worked here as a “runman”, which means he searched for any gossip around town to be issued.

He worked here for very small wages during 1767-1770; he worked of and on and was rejected from more work on March 5th 1770 because new ownership was against black workers.

Crispus Attucks Day

March 5th

2

The Boston Massacre

3

Attucks was said to be disgusted by the actions of the new ownership, this probably promoted his attitude towards the Boston massacre. The “massacre” began as a frivolous incident.

Snowballs were thrown from Attucks and others at soldiers.

Snowballs became rocks and in the trials of the Boston Massacre it was stated that they returned fire upon hearing from Attucks and the others, that someone will go get arms. The shooting began as it took the lives of Attucks and 4 others. Attucks was killed instantly with a shot to the lung, skull, and kidney. The

MARY DRAPER FACTS ABOUT MARY DRAPER Mary Draper: 1719-1810

" I wanted to help Colonists, but my skills in fighting were too weak. So I decided to help by melting down all of my family heirlooms. They were pewter items and made good bullets for the Colonists. I know my things aren't important to me, but they are important for the freedoms which we are fighting."

! Mary sent her own son off to war when he was only sixteen. ! Mary lived on a farm in Dedham, Massachusetts ! Mary had two huge ovens that she and her daughter would sometimes use day and night to bake bread for soldiers

Mary Draper was a woman of the American Revolution. She believed that her property was not her own, but her countries and it was her duty to help server it. Mary lived on a farm and would use the animals to help feed soldiers. She and her daughter made countless loaves of brown bread and to feed hungry soldiers. Mary was able to provide hundreds of soldiers with food at a time. Her house was always open for any patriot in need. Mary also gave up her collection of pewter from her diseased mother in order for soldiers to have more ammunition. Mary insisted that her husband, Captain Draper, enlist immediately when the revolution began. If Mary Draper had been able to enlist herself she would have done so in a heartbeat. Mary loved her country and served it anyway she could. Her contribution was and still is greatly appreciated.

Mary Draper

Mary Draper Ingles was born in 1732 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to George and Elenor (Hardin) Draper, who had immigrated to America from Donegal, Ireland in 1729.

Mary married fellow settler William Ingles in 1750, and gave birth to two sons, Thomas in 1751 and George in 1753.

In July of 1755, a band of Shawnee warriors raided Draper's Meadow, killing four settlers, an infant, and taking five hostages, including Mary and her two children, her sister-in-law Bette Draper, and a male neighbor.

==

The Indians and their captives traveled for a month to a Shawnee village on the banks of the Scioto and Ohio Rivers.

Here Mary was separated from her sons, then she was brought to Big Bone Lick, Kentucky. As a prisoner, Mary sewed shirts and was enslaved to make salt for the Indians. In October, Mary and another captive woman escaped then, making their way on foot to return home. Their route followed the Ohio, Kanawha, and New Rivers and they traveled as much as five to six hundred miles, and arrived home after more than 40 days.

After recovering from her journey and reuniting with her husband, Mary went on to have four more children: Mary, Susan, Rhoda, and John. George died in Indian captivity, but Thomas was ransomed and returned to Virginia in 1768. Mary then died in 1815 at the age of 83.

An eight foot tall bronze statue honoring Mary Draper Ingles stands outside the Boone County Public Library on route 18 in Burlington, Kentucky. Remembering her escape from captivity at Big Bone Lick, the statue stands upon a granite base mounted with a bronze plaque outlining her story.

Kentucky Route 8 in Campbell, Bracken, and Mason counties is officially named "Mary Ingles Highway."

Benjamin Franklin By: Sorcha Sullivan

"Without Freedom of Thought, there can be no such thing as Wisdom; and no such thing as public Liberty, without Freedom of Speech."

Benjamin Franklin’s contribution to the Revolution Benjamin Franklin contributed to the Revolution by being an official diplomat and ambassador of the thirteen colonies.

He told the British to stop the Stamp Act because the Americans would never pay taxes. He also drew a cartoon of a snake fighting a British dragon to symbolize American independence and unity.

Another important thing Benjamin

Date of Birth: Benjamin Franklin was born January 17th, 1706 in Boston Massachusetts.

Franklin did was he told the French that if the British won the war they would be to powerful saying this helped make the French fight with the Americans. Also he signed four of the most important documents in the United States, those documents were the Constitution, The Declaration of Independence, The Treaty of Paris, and The Treaty of Alliance.

Accomplishments: Invented the lightning rod and bifocals. Published Poor Richards Almanac.

Date of Death: Benjamin Franklin died April 17th, 1790

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Simon Girty About Simon G: "No other country or age ever produced so brutal, depraved or wicked a wretch." this was stated about Simon Girty.

Girty's Contributions: On one such occasion, Girty led a force of 300 Indians on an attack on Dunlap’s Station. Taking a white prisoner, he told the man that if the inhabitants of the Fort surrendered he would be released but if not he would be killed. When those inside refused to yield, the Indians, under Girty’s guidance, stripped the man, pinioned his outstretched feet and hands to the ground and then placed kindling on his stomach. Slowly he was burnt to death. His screams could be heard inside the Fort for many hours. Simon Girty was never captured. When the British withdrew from Detroit in 1796, Girty headed for Canada. For the next 20 years he lived a life of inebriated peace. He died in Canada in 1816. Later in the revolution, in addition to going on many raids against American outposts on the frontier, Girty helped British and their allied Indian forces to overwhelm Kentucky militia at the Battle of Blue Licks.

Speeches Girty Said: Typical of his speeches to the Indians was the following: “Brothers, the Long Knives have overrun your country and usurped your hunting grounds. They have destroyed the cane, trodden down the clover, and killed the deer and the buffalo. Brothers, unless you rise in the majesty of your might and exterminate their whole race, you may bid adieu to the hunting grounds of your fathers.”

Simon Girty was perhaps the most hated man on the American frontier in the mid 1700s. Girty was born near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in 1741. His childhood was a harrowing one. When he was 10 years old he watched, as his father got drunk with a local ‘friendly’ Indian. The Indian, however wasn’t friendly enough. He got into a fight with Girty senior and ended up sinking his tomahawk into the white man’s head. His mother and three brothers were made slaves to the Delaware’s while Simon was traded to the Seneca’s. For three years he remained with the Seneca’s. Then, at the age of 18, Simon Girty was returned to white civilization.

Jake Sanchez

September 16, 2010

Period 3

NATHANAEL GREENE “I am determined to defend my rights and maintain my freedom or sell my life in the attempt.”

Time Line

Early Revolution Early Revolution – Militia Private (lowest rank) December 1774Helped revise militia laws

Late Revolution

Near end of warGeorge Washington’s most gifted officer June 19, 1786Died at age 44

Nathanael Greene was born August 7, 1742 and died on June 19, 1786 at the age of 44.

Greene was a best friend with George Washington, and his right-hand man.

During the Revolutionary War, Nathanael was a major

general of the continental army. At the start of the war, Greene was only a militia private, the lowest rank possible; he emerged from the war with a reputation as Washington’s most gifted and dependable officer.

Militia In August 1774, Nathanael Greene helped organize a local group, which was chartered as the Kentish Guards. Later down the road, Greene’s participation in the group was challenged because he had a slight limp. Around this time, he began to acquire many expensive military tactics and began to teach himself the art of war. December of 1774, he joined a committee to help revise the militia laws.

"I am determined to defend my rights and maintain my freedom or sell my life in the attempt." – Nathanael Greene

Nathanael Greene Trey Neeley

[September 16th, 2010]

The American Revolutionary War Nathanael Greene’s battles and contributions to America during the Revolution.

Greene was promoted to Brigadier General on 6/22/1775 by George Washington with command of Boston after it was evacuated. After the Battle of Springfield, Washington assigned Greene commander of the army in the south, which was weak and badly equipped compared to the British. So we divided his troops forcing the British to do the same. His most notable success in the south was the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780, during which 100% of all opposing forces were captured or killed. During this time Greene also formed a special light corps, whose first mission was to “race” the British to Halifax County to “harass” them in their advance. In addition to all of this, Greene also contributed to many other battles, including the Battle of Guilford Court House in 1781.

Facts: *Place of Birth: Warwick, RI *D.o.B.: 8/7/1742 *Place of Death: Edisto, SC D.o.D.: 6/19/1786 *Date of Service: 1775-1783 Rank: Brigadier General (1775-1776) Major General (1776-1783)

K O R Y

K L I N K E R M A N

Nathan Hale Nathan hale was born in the year 1755. He was born into a big family with twelve children, which Nathan was the sixth child. When he was old enough his father sent Nathan and his brother Enoch to Yale College and when he graduated at the age eighteen he became a teacher. But soon after the revolutionary war was stirring up and Nathan joined the Americans in a war against the British.

When Nathan joined he was only 18 which was too young but lied to get in. In 1776 George Washington turned him into a spy. So they can learn what the British are going to do next. But during his first mission he was captured by the British. He was to be executed the next day. While on the block ready to be hung. His captors asked for any last words he said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;I only regret that I have one life to lose for my country. What his last words meant to the patriots is that they are Americans and will die Americans.

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Born: Jan. 23 1737

John Hancock 1754

Join his uncleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s firm, ten years later takes over management.

1774

Chosen president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress

1775

Became the leader of the Boston patriot committee.

1776

Elected 2nd Continental Congress, 1st to sign the Declaration of Independenc

American Revolution John Hancock resigned in 1777 because of disappointment on the failure of Congress to commander in the Continental Army. At first critical of the federal Constitution, Hancock was won over to support ratification by the promise of nomination for the presidency should George Washington decline. Though seemingly in the vanguard of the revolutionaries, he was not considered an independent figure but a tool of Samuel Adams, who played on Hancock's ambition, vanity, and inordinate love of popularity.

Even though he resigned as presidency in 1777 he still put lots of energy in the Massachusetts affairs. He is known for his signing in the Declaration of Independence. Hancock signed his name the biggest to make sure it was readable. Also he was very involved in the revolutionary politics.

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Hancock was a vain, flamboyant man who was a devoted patriot. He risked his fortune in the battle for Independence. John Hancock dedicated services for his country. John Adams referred him as an â&#x20AC;&#x153;essential character of the American Revolution.

pg. 3

Patrick Henry “…as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”

May 29, 1736June 6, 1799 Patrick Henry, one of the founding fathers of the United States, was very active during the revolutionary time period.

He is remembered best for his “Liberty or Death” speech.

"Caesar had his Brutus; Charles the First his Cromwell; and George the Third may profit by their example.”

Henry was born in Virginia in 1736 and tried his hand at farming before eventually becoming a lawyer. He became a representative in the House of Burgesses in 1765 and nine days later proposed the Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions. These reserved the right of the colonists to exclusively tax themselves. This was one of the most blatantly anti-British actions at this time.

“If this be treason, let us make the most of it.”

March 23, 1775: the House of Burgesses was deciding whether to take military actions against the British. Henry delivered his famous speech and as a result the house decided in favor of the militant action.

Revolutionary

"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”

During the American Revolution, Patrick Henry served as a colonel in the army. He led some militia in an attack that became known as the Gunpowder Incident. Eventually he became the first post-colonial governor of Virginia. He was later re-elected as the 6th post-colonial governor of Virginia.

He was the most celebrated speaker in the American Revolution

Patrick Henry Patrick Henry was born on May 29th, 1736 in Hanover County, He died on June 6th, 1799.

Biography When Henry was eighteen he got married to a Sarah Shelton. At the age of twenty-one his father set up a business for him that soon went into bankruptcy. For six weeks he studied to become a lawyer. In 1760, he set up private practice in the Hanover Courthouse in Virginia for his job.

American Revolution In 1774, Patrick Henry represented Virginia in First Continental Congress. The next year, in March, he was strongly urging his fellow Virginians to arm themselves in self-defense against the British troops. Henry was the focal point of Virginia's opposition to British policy.

With the outbreak of the Revolution, Henry became commander in chief of the Virginia troops. In June 1776 he was elected governor and then elected again from 1784 to 1786 but declined to attend the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Famous Quote

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?

Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!â&#x20AC;?

Thomas Hutchinson Back Ground Information Thomas Hutchinson was born on 3 September 9th, 1711 in Massachusetts and died on June 3rd, 1780 in London. He graduated from Harvard in 1727. For about 10 years after graduation, he worked under his dad and devoted himself to business. He got married in 1734 to Margaret Sanford. He spent most of his life as Bostonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s representative in Massachusetts.

Social Standing

Thomas Hutchinson was well like among the people of Boston in his early years. He was an expert with money, government, and business.

He also was faithful loyalist and he resisted any attempt at separation from Britain and the crown. It was his job to enforce the stamp act witch almost cost him his life. Week by week in early 1770 Hutchinson grew more fearful of an explosive encounter between soldiers and the townspeople. On March 5th the Boston massacre took place while Hutchinson was acting as Governor, he did everything in his power the soften the blow and calm things down. The morning after the massacre the called a meeting of selectmen and discussed the peoples terms with Hutchinson. It was declared that Hutchinson would take all responsibility for the bloodshed and receive all the charges alone. It became clear to him he either needed to comply to their demands or flee back to Britain. Hutchinson was replaced

by General Thomas Gage and sailed to England in 1774.

• The third President Issue, Date Quisque:

2

Towards Revolution with Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was born in Virginia on April 13, 1743. He was the third child of ten children his mother had. He was also the third president of the United States of America, in (1801-1809) At the age of 14 Jefferson’s father died. Although with the death of his father he inherited 5,000 acres of land in Monticello, and dozens of slaves.

Signature:

Jefferson, was the main author of the Declaration of Independence, and for the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom.

“Thomas Jefferson, The Glorious cause for Americas Independence” He was held as “The Man of the People”.

One of the main reason why is because Jefferson was a very kind man. He was some one who did not look down on anyone. For having less than he did. He would take his job serious. Therefore the people were happy wit him serving as the president.

Jefferson died on July 1801. At the age of 83. He past away just a few hours before John Adams. Thomas Jefferson, was known as “The Closest American approximation of the Universal Man” for all he was able to do.

“Every generation needs a new revolution.”

Thomas Jefferson

September 16, 2010

By: Ashlee Wright

History Having attended the College of William and Mary, Jefferson 3 practiced law and served in local government as a magistrate, county lieutenant, and member of the House of Burgesses in his early professional life. After Jefferson left Congress in 1776, he returned to Virginia and served in the legislature. Elected governor from 1779 to 1781, he suffered an inquiry into his conduct during his last year in office that, although finally fully repudiated, 2 left him with a life-long pricklishness in the face of criticism. He owned 200 slaves and set 44 of them free. He did all the in office things that helped the colonies become America.

Best Quote

“Every Generation Needs A Revolution”~ Thomas Jefferson

How He made a Difference 3

He was chosen in 1776 to draft the Declaration of Independence, which has been regarded ever since as a charter of American and universal liberties. The document proclaims that all men are equal in rights, regardless of birth, wealth, or status, and that the government is the servant, not the master, of the people. While the American Revolution continued, Jefferson sought to liberalize Virginia's laws. Governor of Virginia, U.S. Minister to France, Secretary of State under George Washington, Vice-President of the United States of America, President of the United States (1801 to 1809) Thomas Jefferson was all for the freedom of America.

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JOHN PAUL JONES Who is he?

John Paul Jones was one of the first known naval officers of the Revolutionary War. His knowledge of sailing began at the age of 13 when he was an apprentice for captain Benson. The Navy and Marines were just starting around 1775 and captains were in great demand. December 7th, 1775 he was 2 the first man to be the 1st lieutenant for the continental navy.

He even made his own flag in order to avoid charges of piracy while attacking another ship.

I “have not yet3 begun to 4 fight!”

Is one of his most famous quotes. He said this after a British captain questions if they should surrender.

The Revolutionary War John Paul Jones had many successful voyages when fighting for the US. While on his first voyage he destroyed British fisheries and captured sixteen British ships. In command of The ship “Ranger” he was in British home waters and made countless raids on England’s shore. On September 23, 1779, Jones fought one of the bloodiest fights in naval history. This is the time when he said his famous quote “I have not yet begun to fight!”, even though his ship was almost sinking he still kept on fighting and eventually the other ship surrendered. He is recognized as “The Father of the American Navy”

James Madison The Fourth President

Background Born: March 16th, 1751 Died: June 28th, 1836 Political Party: DemocraticRepublican Occupation: Lawyer

Major Political Accomplishments Madison served in congress during the last stages of the War of Independence. He served in the Virginia State Legislature from 1776-1779. In 1787, there was a constitutional convention where he drafted the Virginia Plan. This plan had a threebranch federal system that influenced the American Constitution that we know today. In November of 1783, his term in office expired. So in 1784, Madison joined the House of Delegates. On the 26th of December 1785, Madison proposed Thomas Jeffersonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bill for religious freedom, and it was passed. Throughout 1787-1788, Madison was influencing John Jay and aiding him in writing the Federalist Papers.

Madison wrote paper #10, which basically said that a larger country with diverse views would be well suited with a Republican government. He was also said to be the Author of the Bill of Rights. His proposed amendments were accepted but Madison was upset that they did not be including in the Declaration of Independence.

James Madison strongly enforced a system of checks and balances. During his early career, Madison defended priests that were arrested for preaching without a license. Working on such things helped shape his thought towards religious freedom. He helped colleges separate from European countries.

James Monroe Enlisting in the + Revolutionary war as a

Brandi Schefcik September.16.2010

D ate of Birth

lieutenant he saw the war getting more violent and the move on new jersey where he was seriously

4/28/1758 – 7/04/1831

Life’s purpose

Served in the Revolutionary War and was the 5th President

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M other And Father

Spence and Elizabeth Monroe

Spouse and children Elizabeth Knight Monroe (1768-1830) (Married on 2-16-1786) Eliza Monroe (1786-1835) James Monroe (1799-1800) Maria Hester Monroe (18031850)

During and After the Revolutionary For two years he served as an aide with the War… rank of colonel to Gen. William Alexander.

He was present during the winter of Valley

intellectual development. James Monroe was

Forge (1777-1778) and participated in the

elected in the Virginia House of Delegates in

Battle of Monmouth.

1782 and his abilities and total dedication to

In 1780, unable to obtain a field command he returned to Virginia to study law under Thomas Jefferson, who become a lifelong friend , patron, and major influence on hid

public service won his election in 1783 to the Confederation Congress where he sat until 1786. Four decades later Monroe ran for President and became the fifth president of the Untied States.

The first article of The Crisis.

THESE are the times that try men's souls.

The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.

Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.

What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods; and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article as FREEDOM should not be highly rated. Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER" and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth. Even the expression is impious; for so unlimited a power can belong only to God.

Thomas Paine

“These are the times that try men’s souls.”

This quote from Thomas Paine’s The Crisis describes the beginnings of the American Revolution. He communicated the ideas of the Revolution to common farmers, which stirred the hearts of the fledgling United States. He had a grand vision for society. He was the first to advocate a world peace organization and social security for the poor and elderly, but his views of religion destroyed his success and only a few people attended his funeral. In 1776 Paine published Common Sense, a strong defense from the Independence from England, and while traveling with the Continental Army wrote The Crisis, a collection of articles. It was so popular that it was read by more people than today watch the Super Bowl. Paine was convinced that the American Revolution was a crusade for a superior political system and that America was ultimately unconquerable. He did as much as any writer could to encourage resistance and to inspire faith in the Continental Army.

Monument to Thomas Paine on North Avenue in New Rochelle, New York.

Thomas Paine September 16, 2010

Jared Hawley

During the Revolution…

“These are the times that try men’s souls” The quote above is from his book that’s made up of articles he wrote during the Revolutionary war. The Crisis, said book, is full of articles that he wrote to support the war, independence, and a self-governing United States of America.

Though he didn’t directly contribute to the war

Common Sense

effort or hold a governing position in the country his articles helped more than one might think. They contributed to the colonist’s attitude toward war and even helped shape many ideas in the Constitution.

Thomas Paine wrote more than just The Crisis. Before the Revolution he wrote a book that openly asked for independence from Britain. Common Sense (left) was the very first open defiance of their British rule.

Revolutionary Figure Profile

Nick Brooks, 9/16/10

Paul Revere The Midnight Rider Born in 1784 in a late December, Paul Revere grew up as a successful silversmith in the wake of his father. One of 11 siblings, he grew up in a time of war and tribulation – He was a veteran of the French and Indian War, as a Second Lieutenant of an artillery regiment. Although this was a larege part of his history, his Midnight Ride would make it s seem forgettable…

In 1775, Revere’s position as a messenger would take him in a historic journey.

On April 18th, 1775, Paul was sent by Joseph Warren to ride from Boston to Massachusetts carrying a message to John Hancock and Samuel Adams that the British were marching to arrest them. After being rowed across the Charles River, he proceeded to borrow a horse from a fellow friend and rode as fast and hard as he could. He stopped at every house in the countryside, warning the colonists about the incoming British troops. Upon his entry to the house where Adams and Hancock were residing, a sentry asked him to “Not make so much noise.” “Noise?!” He replied, “You’ll have noise enough before long.

The Regulars are coming!”

Soon after delivering his message, one William Dawes joined him on horseback, and they devised a plan to ride to Concord, Massachusetts, where weapons and supplies were hidden. A 3rd rider joined them, one Dr. Samuel Prescott, until their capture by British troops on the way. Prescott and Dawes escaped soon after.

Revere was held by the British for quite some time, but was released in time to see the battle in Lexington on the Lexington Green.

Joseph Warren On you depend the fortunes of America. You are to decide the important question, on which rest the happiness and liberty of millions yet unborn. Act worthy of yourselves.

-Joseph Warren

Before the Revolution •Born in Roxbury, Massachusetts •Graduated from Harvard in 1759 •Served as master of Roxbury School of Grammar • Undertook study of medicine and opened a practice in Boston in 1764

Warren’s Role Joseph Warren’s political activities began in earnest when he penned a number of newspaper essays during the Stamp Act Crisis. Later, during the Townshend duty unrest, Warren wrote under the nom de plume “A True Patriot” in the Boston Gazette.

In 1772, Warren's prominence was recognized when he was selected to deliver the commemorative oration on the anniversary of the Boston Massacre. He worked closely with Samuel Adams on the committee of correspondence and when Adams left to attend the First Continental Congress in 1774, Warren assumed leadership of the radical cause in Boston. He authored the Suffolk Resolves, a strongly worded statement of the emerging American position that was endorsed by the Congress.

In March 1775, despite receiving threats on his life, Warren again delivered the annual speech honoring the fallen in the Boston Massacre. Old South Church was so full that the speaker had to enter the building by climbing a ladder and crawling through a window behind the pulpit.

On April 18, Warren made the decision to warn surrounding areas about British troop movements and dispatched Paul Revere and William Dawes for that purpose. During the British return march from Lexington and Concord, Warren exposed himself to enemy fire repeatedly in order to reach and treat the wounded.

With the empire and infant nation engaged in war, Warren worked feverishly to organize the American military effort. In June, after learning of the British move to Charlestown, Warren went to Bunker Hill to offer his services as a volunteer. He fought valiantly and was one of the last Americans to leave Breed’s Hill, but was struck in the back of the head by a musket ball and died instantly.

Warren’s Contribution British commander, Thomas Gage, remarked that Warren’s death was the equal of the deaths of 500 American soldiers, perhaps a fitting assessment of the value of Warren’s contribution to the Patriot cause.

Joseph Warren American

Revolutionary

Figure

Joseph Warren was born June 6th 1741 in Roxbury, Massachusetts and died June 17th 1775 in Charlestown Massachusetts.

His father was a farmer and a very respected man that was interested in fruit raising but in October 1755 was in a tree harvesting apples from his apple tree and fell from the ladder and was killed. His son, Joseph Warren graduated from Harvard in 1759 and went on to be a teacher in Roxbury, but in his spare time he studied medicine with Dr. James Lloyd. Then in 1764 began to practice his profession. On September 6th 1764 he married Elizabeth Hooton, a young lady who inherited a fortune. In the fallowing years the Stamp-act Dr. Warren published several able articles in the Boston Gazette, on a couple of occasions he used the signature of â&#x20AC;&#x153;A True Patriotâ&#x20AC;?. June 1768 Dr. Warren was one of the committee appointed to wait for the governor in his seat at the Jamaica Plain. In November 1772 his name was recorded after Otis and Samuel Adams in the committee of correspondence. On June 14th was chosen as second major general, on June 17th at the battle of Bunker Hill he was hit in the back of the head with a musket ball.

George Washington

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Spring 2012

1732-1799

George Washington was born into a wealthy family in Virginia. He worked as a tobacco farmer in his younger years. He enjoyed hunting and horse back riding.

He was also good at math and surveyor. In 1749 he was appointed his first public office. Washington was the commander-in-chief of the continental army and was also the commander of the French and Indian war. Washington was the supreme commander in chief of the revolutionary war. He spent months training men and getting supplies together .He lead the revolutionary war into victory. George Washington became the first president of the United States.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;With the utmost sincerity, I do not think myself equal to the command I am honored with.â&#x20AC;?

S P R I N G

1 7 7 6

George Washington

Let the War Begin!

1759 Washington married Martha Dandridge Custis 1775-1783 Washington took command of the American revolution.

April 30,1789 George Washington became the first president of the United States.

March, 1797 George left the office.

December 14, 1799 George Washington died.

George Washington and the American Revolution February 22, 1732 George Washington was born a leader. On July 3rd Washington was going to take command of a 14,000 man army. While commanding his army he had to make sure they had plenty of supplies and power to get them through the war. In March of 1776 , Washington was falling short of men and supplies. He almost despaired but luckily in October of 1777 they defeated the British. Also the Americans won over the British in Yorktown on October 19, 1781.

Created by: The American History Research students of Alliance High School, Alliance, NE.