Social Determinants of Health

The following map illustrates overall vulnerability to COVID-19 by MHN service area county. Counties The following map illustrates overall vulnerability to COVID-19 by MHN service area county. Counties

with higher vulnerability are highlighted in the map and are defined as having a vulnerability inwith higher vulnerability are highlighted in the map and are defined as having a vulnerability index dex score of 0.6 or higher. This score indicates that these counties are more vulnerable to COVID-score of 0.6 or higher. This score indicates that these counties are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than 19 than

60% of other US counties. For example, Carter County in Kentucky is more vulnerable to COVID-19 than 60% of other US counties. For example, Carter County in Kentucky is more vulnerable to COVID-19 than COVID-19 IMPACT ON COMMUNITIES 78% of US counties. Among the factors impacting vulnerability scores is financial insecurity, housing and transportation challenges, older age and underlying health issues, and access to health care. 78% of US counties. Among the factors impacting vulnerability scores is financial insecurity, housing and transportation challenges, older age and underlying health issues, and access to health care. Communities with higher vulnerability have pre-existing economic, social, and physical conditions that Communities with higher vulnerability have pre-existing economic, social, and physical conditions that may make it hard to respond to and recover from a COVID-19 outbreak.may make it hard to respond to and recover from a COVID-19 outbreak.

COVID-19 is the name of the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. “CO” stands for corona, “VI” for virus, and “D” for disease. The number “19” refers to the year 2019 when the fi rst case of COVID-19 was identifi ed. COVID-19 has not impacted all people equally. Rather, certain structural issues—population density, low income, crowded workplaces, etc.—contribute to higher levels of spread and worse outcomes from COVID-19 in select communities. Surgo Ventures developed the Community Vulnerability Index to measure how well any community in the US could respond to the health, economic, and social consequences of COVID-19 without intentional response and additional support.

As the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the MHN service area and many of MHN’s plans to address the health needs of our community, it is important to include COVID-19 data in this CHNA.

COVID COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index-19 Community Vulnerability Index

Ohio Ohio

Meigs: .66 Meigs: .66

Scioto: .78 Scioto: .78

Lawrence: .67 Lawrence: .67 West Virginia West Virginia

The following map illustrates overall vulnerability to COVID-19 by MHN service area county. Counties with higher vulnerability are highlighted in the map and are defi ned as having a vulnerability index score of 0.6 or higher. This score indicates that these counties are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than 60% of other US counties. For example, Carter County in Kentucky is more vulnerable to COVID-19 than 78% of US counties. Among the factors impacting vulnerability scores is fi nancial insecurity, housing and transportation challenges, older age and underlying health issues, and access to health care. Communities with higher vulnerability have pre-existing economic, social, and physical conditions that may make it hard to respond to and recover from a COVID-19 outbreak.

Carter: .78 Boyd: Carter: .72 .78 Boyd: .72

Kentucky

Martin: .74 Kentucky

Martin: .74

Source: COVID Act NowSource: COVID Act Now

Mountain Health Network 2022 CHNAMountain Health Network 2022 CHNA 47 47

As of January 6, 2022, the Tri-State region had more than 3 million COVID-19 cases and 47,000 related deaths. Cases and death rates in all three states exceeded national benchmarks. Of note, West Virginia had the highest COVID-19 death rate in the region, despite a similar case rate. This fi nding may indicate more severe disease incidence, an older As of January 6, 2022, the tri-state region had over 3 million COVID-19 cases and 47,000 related deaths. population, vaccine hesitancy, and/or delayed care and treatment. Cases and death rates in all three states exceeded national benchmarks. Of note, West Virginia had the

highest COVID-19 death rate in the region, despite a similar case rate. This finding may indicate more severe disease incidence, an older population, vaccine hesitancy, and/or delayed care and treatment.

COVID-19 Cases and Deaths (as of January 6, 2022) COVID-19 Cases and Deaths (as of January 6, 2022) Cases Deaths

Total Cases Cases per 100,000 Total Deaths Deaths per 100,000

Kentucky 885,678 19,824 12,255 274 Ohio 2,093,074 17,906 29,674 253 West Virginia 339,679 18,954 5,361 299 United States* 57,190,371 17,255 827,879 250 Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention *Calculated based on 2020 population count. *Calculated based on 2020 population count.

The following graph looks at new cases of COVID-19 since the onset of the pandemic. The graph demonstrates the impact of the most recent Omicron variant, particularly in Ohio, where new cases spiked significantly in January 2022. As of January 6, 2022, Ohio had more than 6,000 active COVID-19

hospitalizations and only 15.7% inpatient bed and 14.7% ICU bed capacity across the state.

New Cases of COVID-19 since 10 Average Daily Cases First Recorded (as of January 6, 2022)