4 minute read
Recognizing symptoms and reducing risks of ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers for women, especially for Black women who face unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Colletta Orr, an award-winning research scientist and passionate advocate, sheds light on the importance of awareness, early detection and equitable care.
Black women face a disproportionate burden when it comes to ovarian cancer. Although they are less likely to be diagnosed with the disease compared to white women, Black women tend to have more advanced stages of cancer at diagnosis and lower survival rates. This disparity is linked to factors such as delayed diagnosis, lack of access to quality healthcare and genetic differences in tumor biology. Studies suggest that Black women may also receive less aggressive treatment or experience barriers in obtaining timely care. Addressing these disparities through increased awareness, access to early detection and equitable healthcare is crucial for improving outcomes.
How common is ovarian cancer and who gets it?
Ovarian cancer accounts for about three percent of all cancers among women. It most frequently develops after menopause, with half of ovarian cancer cases diagnosed in women aged 63 or older. While women of all ages are at risk, ovarian cancer is rare in those younger than 40. The exact cause is unknown, but age and the lifetime frequency of ovulation are the most common risk factors.
Ovarian cancer is most prevalent in women between 55 and 64, particularly those who began menstruating before age 12 or reached menopause after age 50. Other factors that may increase risk include:
• Obesity
• No history of pregnancy
• Fertility treatment
• Family history of breast, thyroid, colorectal, endometrial or ovarian cancer
• Inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2
• Smoking
• Taking estrogen without progesterone for 10 or more years
What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?
Ovarian cancer is often called a silent disease because its symptoms are either absent or easily overlooked. These symptoms can be vague and are often caused by more common, less serious conditions. It’s important to be aware of the following symptoms:
• Feeling full too quickly or experiencing stomach aches
• Bloating for no apparent reason
• Spotting after menopause or heavier-than-usual vaginal bleeding
• Increased urgency or frequency of urination
• Pain or pressure in the pelvis
• Unexplained back pain
• Unintentional weight loss
How can I reduce my risk of ovarian cancer?
Most ovarian cancers occur with no known cause, but about 10 are linked to genetics. If you have a family history of ovarian cancer or a genetic predisposition, work with your doctor to explore preventive options.
What screening methods are available for ovarian cancer?
Currently, there is no recommended screening test for ovarian cancer. The FDA has warned that marketed screening tests are not reliable or effective. Researchers are actively developing and testing new methods to detect ovarian cancer early. It’s important to note that a Pap test does not reliably detect ovarian cancer; it is used to detect cervical cancer and cervical cell changes that may increase the risk of cervical cancer.
When should you see a doctor?
Ovarian cancer is difficult to diagnose in its early stages, so it’s crucial to be aware of the risk factors and seek medical attention if symptoms arise. Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any new abdominal or pelvic symptoms that:
• Persist and do not go away
• Are present on most days
• Are not related to another condition
• Do not improve with over-the-counter treatments or home remedies
• Have lasted more than two weeks and started within the last 12 months
Addressing ovarian cancer requires a multi-faceted approach that includes raising awareness, improving early detection methods and providing equitable healthcare for all women, particularly those in marginalized communities.
My research highlights the importance of fighting this disease, especially for Black women who face unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. By educating women on the risks, recognizing early symptoms and advocating for better care, we can take critical steps toward reducing ovarian cancer’s impact and improving outcomes for women everywhere.
