Larrinaga presentacion cluster euskalduna

LA CADENA DE SUMINISTRO EN

ENTORNOS DIGITALES “The 20th century was about dozens of markets of millions of consumers. The 21st century is about millions of markets of dozens of consumers,” — Joe Kraus, Google Ventures, BBC News Magazine

THE IMPACT OF DIGITISATION ON PRODUCTIVITY, CAPITAL, AND LABOUR COULD DELIVER €2.5 TRILLION OF ADDITIONAL GDP TO EUROPE IN 2025 Source: Digital Europe: Realizing the continent’s potential, June 2016

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

AGENDA ‣ Introducción ‣ A vueltas con el titulo ‣ 4.0…. Una inteligencia conectada

‣ Marco 4.0 ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣

Industria Digitalizacion Logistica y Supply Chain Economía Circular

‣ Algunos Retos ‣ Demografía ‣ Megacities ‣ Exponencial

‣ A modo de conclusión Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

A VUELTAS CON EL TITULO: CADENA DE SUMINISTRO

SUPPLY CHAIN DEFINITION SOURCE: SUPPLY CHAIN COUNCIL, 2011

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

A VUELTAS CON EL TITULO:

NESTLE SUPPLY CHAIN

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

A VUELTAS CON EL TITULO: LOGISTICA

LOGISTICS VS SUPPLY CHAIN

Source: Jeffrey J. Karrenabauer, Presentation 2013 Supply Chain Global Member Meeting and Supply Chain World North April 2013 Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

A VUELTAS CON EL TITULO: ENTORNO EL INDICE DESI El Índice de Economía y Sociedad Digital (DESI) es un índice compuesto por cinco indicadores del rendimiento digital de Europa y que permite un seguimiento de la evolución de los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea en la competitividad digital. Estos cinco indicadores son conectividad, capital humano, uso de internet, integración de la tecnología digital y servicios públicos digitales.

España figura en el grupo de países cuya puntuación creció más rápido en el último año, colocándose en el puesto número 15 de la UE, lo que supone un ascenso en dos puntos, gracias en particular a su fortaleza en servicios públicos digitales, cuestión en la que se ubica en el 5o puesto, según el DESI 2016 publicado por la Comisión Europea

Rendimiento de España en las cinco dimensiones DESI con respecto a otros países de la Unión Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

ENTORNO: ECONOMICO, OFERTA, DEMANDA

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

ENTORNO

By 2020, information will reinvent, digitalize,or eliminate 80% of business processes and products /servicios

¿Dónde estaremos nosotros?

Big & Fast Data: The Rise of Insight-Driven Business, Capgemini

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

ENTORNO EUROPEANS ARE HEAVILY INVESTED IN THE DIGITAL AGE There are many highlights in Europe’s digitisation story thus far. Europeans are heavily invested in the digital age.

More and more tasks and activities are now digitised.

Across Europe, 39 percent of enterprises use social media, 76 percent of adults are regular internet users, and 96 percent of millennials have used the internet in the past three months Mckinsey, DIGITAL EUROPE: PUSHING THE FRONTIER, CAPTURING THE BENEFITS, JUNIO 2016

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

A VUELTAS CON EL TITULO: DIGITAL

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downl oads/publications/EllenMacArthurFoundation_Intelligent _Assets_080216-AUDIO-E.pdf

A VUELTAS CON EL TITULO: DIGITAL ▸ An estimated 10 billion physical objects with embedded information technology already exist today and many more smart cars, homes, cities, factories, energy systems, and other networks of connected devices are being built. ▸ Many companies have already begun to integrate IoT technologies into their operations and projections for future penetration, while spanning a big range, all point towards signi cant growth. Research rm Gartner predicts that by 2020 ‘around 25 billion connected “things” will be in use’ and their ‘disruptive impact will be felt across all industries and all areas of society’. ▸ A recent report by DHL and Cisco suggests that the number of connected devices and objects in 2020 will reach 50 billion.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

TODO ES POSIBLE?

Gestión de Expectativas: B2B, C2C,M2M,Generation Z

‣ Los clientes esperarán todo más rápido ‣ Entregas en el mismo día ‣ Los clientes usarán cualquier canal de compra ‣ “Omnicanalidad”

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

4.0: UNA NUEVA INTELIGENCIA Inteligencia Conectada • Tecnologías de la comunicación: Google Car 2012, Swarm/Team Robotics, Smart Grid • Big Data y Sistemas CiberFísicos • Aplicable a cualquier sector: primario, secundario, tercer sector, cuarto sector Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

Inteligencia Humana • Al final y al principio de la cadena de personas/maquinas/ aparatos conectados siempre habrá un hombre cuyas decisiones siempre son irracionales • Decisiones Irracionales

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

MARCO

▸ Industria 4.0 ▸ Digitalización ▸ Logística 4.0 ▸ Supply Chain 4.0

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

4.0

LA MODA 4.0

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

BENEFICIOS 4.0: LA VISIÓN PUBLICA ¿Qué beneficios nos aporta?

Edificios Logística inteligente

inteligentes Fábricas

Energía

inteligentes

Sostenible

Procesos inteligentes

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

RESULTADOS 4.0

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

INDUSTRY 4.0 DEFINITION

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

ALGO DE HISTORIA ‣

Source: http://www.atoxgrupo.com/website/noticias/industria-4-0-y-logistica-4-0

▸ El término “Industria 4.0” comenzó a oírse en 2011 en Alemania, durante la Hannover Messe (Hannover Fair en inglés), una de las mayores ferias industriales del mundo. En 2012, el Gobierno de Alemania creó un grupo de trabajo sobre la Industria 4.0 con el objetivo de analizar y presentar las recomendaciones de su implementación. Desde entonces, y principalmente en Europa, se habla de Industria 4.0.

▸ Fuera de Europa y sobre todo en EEUU es más habitual hablar de la Internet de las Cosas (Internet of Things). Industria 4.0 es un término que se apoya en la Internet de las Cosas aplicada específicamente a la industria y muy particularmente a los sistemas de fabricación, pero, como veremos, el término abarca más tecnologías y conceptos.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

INDUSTRY 4.0 DEFINITION ▸ Industry 4.0 is the sum of all disruptive innovations derived and implemented in a value chain to address the trends of digitalization, autonomization, transparency, mobility, modularization, network-collaboration and socializing of products and processes. ▸ (1) Digitalization: The companies’ internal processes, product components, communication channels and all other key aspects of the supply chain are undergoing an accelerated digitalization process (Geisberger and Broy, 2012).

According to the conceptual analysis visualized in figure 3, the digitalization process itself is the most important characteristic feature and enables all other characterizing features. ▸ (2) Autonomization: “Industry 4.0” technologies and concepts are enabling machines and algorithms of future companies to make decisions and perform learning-activities autonomously. This autonomous decision-making and learning is based on man-made algorithms and enables whole factories and manufacturing facilities to work with minimum human-machine interaction (Angelov, 2013) ‣

Source: Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL). Hans-Christian Pfohl, Burak Yahsi and Tamer Kurnaz The Impact of Industry 4.0 in Supply Chain

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

INDUSTRY 4.0 DEFINITION

▸ (3) Transparency: While global supply chains are characterized by highly complex structures, the available “Industry 4.0” technologies are increasing the transparency of the whole value creation process. Through this increase in transparency, decisionmaking in the company will be more collaborative and efficient. Not only the supply chain processes, but also the behavior of corporate partners and customers will be more transparent to the company (Wang, Heng and Chau, 2007). ▸ (4) Mobility: The dissemination of mobile devices makes communication, data sharing and generation of values possible from all over the world. The mobility of devices is changing the way customers are interacting with companies, and the communication and interaction of machines in the production process (Schweiger, 2011). ▸ (5) Modularization: “Industry 4.0”-technologies are enabling the modularization of products and the whole value creation process, e.g. manufacturing facilities. Modular production facilities can be adjusted in their quantity autonomously, which is increasing the flexibility of the production processes (Koren, et al., 1999; Putnik, et al., 2013).

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

INDUSTRY 4.0 DEFINITION

▸ (6) Network-Collaboration: Just as human beings in our society are interacting in social networks, the companies’ processes will be defined and activities will be decided through the interaction of machines and human beings within specific networks in and out of the companies organizational borders (Bauer, et al., 2014). ▸ (7) Socializing: The collaboration in networks is enabling machines (not only smartphones) to start communicating and interacting with other machines and/ or humans in a socialized manner. Herewith, the collaboration with machines is socialized, since humans are able to get into a conversation with the machines (Oswald, 2014).

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

RETOS PARA LA INDUSTRIA 4.0 ‣

Source: Briefing, September 2015 EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Author: Ron Davies

▸

Some feel that Industry 4.0 as a concept is poorly defined and suffers from exaggerated expectations; others believe that fully digitised products and value chains are still a 'pipe dream'.

▸

Investment and change Building a complex value network that can produce and distribute products in a flexible fashion means business leaders must accept to change and partner with other companies – not only suppliers and distributors of a product, but technology companies and infrastructure suppliers such as telecoms and internet service providers.

▸

Data ownership and security With the large quantities of data being collected and shared with partners in the value network, businesses need to be clear about who owns what industrial data and to be confident that the data they produce will not be used by competitors or collaborators in ways that they do not approve.

▸

Legal issues Advanced manufacturing also raises a variety of legal questions including employee supervision, product liability and intellectual property.

▸

Employment and skills development he nature of manufacturing work has been shifting from largely manual labour to programming and control of high performance machines. Employees with low skill levels risk becoming replaceable unless they are retrained. On the other hand, workers able to make the transition to Industry 4.0 may find greater autonomy and more interesting or less arduous work. By 2020, labour markets in the EU could be short of as much as 825 000 ICT professionals; Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

BIG DATA & DIGITALIZACION Digital transformation is the use of new digital technologies to enable major business improvements such as enhancing customer experience, streamlining operations, or creating new business models.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

BIG DATA & DIGITALIZACION La era del acceso (Rifkin)

• ¿Complejidad de la red. Quien accede a los datos?

• Personas • Empresas • Máquinas/Plataformas.

• Algunas preguntas • ¿Qué información es disponible?

• ¿Quién mide su calidad?

• ¿Qué algoritmos se usan? ¿Es un aprendizaje “dirigido”?

Adquisión y Grabación

Depuración

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

Integración Agregación

De los datos a la inteligencia: Qué lado del “cerebro de la CS lo gestiona?

• ¿Quién manda, decide y tiene la información en esa cadena?

• Ej. Un camión sin conductor que toma sus decisiones.

• De la multimodalidad a la sincromodalidad: ¿Quién es el actor principal?

Modelización y Análisis

Envío

Interpretación y Predicción

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

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Source: Presentación Grupo Nestlé

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

BIG DATA OR TOO MANY DATA: NESTLE (2015)

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

BIG DATA OR TOO MANY DATA NESTLE 2015 ‣

Source: Presentación Grupo Nestlé

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

BIG DATA

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

RETORNOS DE DIGITALIZACION

http://www.tcs.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/WhitePapers/future-ready-supply-chains-0416.pdf Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

3 1

Source: Four Eras of Analytics Thomas Davenport April 2016

QUE HACEMOS CON EL DATA: ANALYTICS? 1.0 • • • • • •

2.0

Small, structured, static data Back-office analysts Slow, painstaking Internal decisions Spreadsheets/OLA P/EDW Descriptive analytics

1975-?

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

3.0 • • •

• • •

Big, unstructured, fast-moving data Rise of data scientists Data products in online firms Rise of Hadoop and open source Visual analytics “Agile is too slow”

2001-?

4.0 • • • • •

Mix of all data Internal/external products/ decisions Analytics a core capability Move at speed and scale Predictive and prescriptive analytics

2013-?

•

• •

•

Analytics embedded, invisible, automated Cognitive technologies “Robotic process automation” for digital tasks Augmentation, not automation

2016-?

la neurociencia, la nanotecnología y la supercomputación

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

DATA FOR TAKING DECISIONS Instinct Can Beat Analytical Thinking

I’ve worked with large companies and asked decision makers how often they base an important professional decision on that gut feeling. In the companies I’ve worked with, which are large international companies, about 50% of all decisions are at the end a gut decision

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

REPASO ‣ Industria 4.0

‣ Digitalización ‣ Business Analytics

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

Y entonces aplicado a logística que nos vale?

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

‣ Source: Logistics in Transition: New Drivers at the Wheel 2016 CSCMP’s Annual State of Logistics Report

LAS PREOCUPACIONES DE LOS PROFESIONALES (AL MENOS EN USA)

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

‣ From JDA: Future is now (White paper, 2016)

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

‣

Source: http://www.atoxgrupo.com/website/noticias/industria-4-0-y-logistica-4-0

LOGÍSTICA 4.0

▸ La Industria 4.0 añadirá una mayor complejidad a las cadenas de suministro que tendrán que ser capaces de evolucionar en igual medida.

Pero las mismas tecnologías que permiten hablar de Industria 4.0 están revolucionando también la Logística, pudiendo hablar de la Logística 4.0. ▸ Internet de las Cosas permite que la mercancía disponga de sensores para monitorizar la temperatura, la humedad, la geolocalización, etc.

Actualmente la combinación de sistemas como el RFID activo con sistemas geolocalización y redes de comunicación inalámbricas ya están permitiendo monitorizar las mercancías en tiempo real y tomar decisiones de forma remota en base a los datos recibidos. ▸ Pero en el futuro, a medida que las tecnologías aplicadas a la trazabilidad se abaraten, cada palet o cada producto podría llevar su propio dispositivo conectado e ir transportados en contenedores inteligentes que permitan adaptar automáticamente los niveles de temperatura y humedad en función del estado actual de la mercancía, así como detectar automáticamente defectos en las cargas o proponer rutas deProf. transporte más apropiadas en función cada destino, tipo de carga o Miguel Angel Larrinaga V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia fecha de caducidad.

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Source: http://www.atoxgrupo.com/website/noticias/industria-4-0-y-logistica-4-0

LOGÍSTICA 4.0

▸ La Industria 4.0 se caracteriza por la digitalización de los procesos de fabricación. Pero el sector logístico tiene su propia revolución con iniciativas como la Internet Física (Physical Internet en inglés, abreviado PI) y que no hemos de confundir con Internet de las Cosas. ▸ La Internet Física es una iniciativa internacional para desarrollar un sistema abierto de logística global. En la Internet de la información, diversos estándares y protocolos definen cómo se transportan los datos, dividiéndolos en paquetes de forma que cada uno siga la ruta más eficiente hasta su destinatario. La Internet Física sigue una aproximación similar, en la que en lugar de paquetes de datos tendremos contenedores estandarizados donde viajará la mercancía, facilitando el manipulado, almacenaje y transporte de forma eficiente y sostenible a través de todos los participantes de la cadena logística. Estos contenedores se beneficiarán de las tecnologías de la información para estar monitorizados constantemente en tiempo real así como para ser transportados siguiendo las rutas más apropiadas para cada destino y tipo de mercancía.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

‣

Source: http://www.atoxgrupo.com/website/noticias/industria-4-0-y-logistica-4-0

LOGÍSTICA 4.0

▸ La Logística evolucionará hacia sistemas cada vez más automatizados.

El transporte de mercancía con vehículos autotripulados será una realidad en las próximas décadas. En la actualidad, Rolls-Royce está investigando en un proyecto de barcos de carga no tripulados, o “barcos drones”, que tecnológicamente podrían estar disponibles en los próximos años y que permitiría controlar eficientemente flotas de cientos de cargueros. ▸ Los vehículos autotripulados para transporte por carretera serán sin duda una realidad mucho antes de lo que pensamos. Actualmente el proyecto Google Car dispone de una flota de coches de dos plazas sin conductor para el transporte de pasajeros, que ya están funcionando a modo de prueba en calles reales de Estados Unidos, gracias a los sistemas de visión artificial, la geolocalización y la inteligencia artificial. ▸ Los drones son otra de las apuestas de las empresas logísticas para un futuro próximo. La posibilidad de transportar por aire pequeñas cargas de forma eficiente y económica ya ha dado pie a varios proyectos para distribuir mercancía directamente del almacén al consumidor final.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

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Source: http://www.atoxgrupo.com/website/noticias/industria-4-0-y-logistica-4-0

LOGÍSTICA 4.0

▸ Aunque las limitaciones de los drones actuales son su autonomía y su limitada capacidad de carga, varias universidades del mundo están investigando en la robótica de enjambre aplicada a los drones. De esta forma, varios drones podrían volar trabajando cooperativamente para transportar cargas mayores, para proporcionar redundancia y para realizar maniobras complejas que un solo dron no podría llevar a cabo. ▸ Pero para que la logística pueda adoptar todos estos avances de forma eficiente, es necesario también una evolución en la intralogística, optimizando las operaciones de manutención dentro de los almacenes. ▸ Sistemas de almacenaje automatizados como los de ATOX Soluciones Tecnológicas proporcionan sistemas modulares que puede integrar cualquier tecnología de sensores y comunicarse con los sistemas de tecnologías de la información de los almacenes, permitiendo la digitalización del transporte interno de mercancía y de la preparación de pedidos, evolucionando así hacia la logística inteligente o Smart Logistics.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

TECHNOLOGY BUBBLE PARA LOGISTICA 4.0 ▸ Nanosensors and the Internet of Nanothings Tiny sensors that can connect to the web ▸ Next Generation Batteries Making large-scale power storage possible ▸ The Blockchain: A revolutionary decentralized trust system ▸ Two-Dimensional Materials “Wonder materials” are becoming increasingly affordable ▸ Autonomous Vehicles Self-driving cars coming sooner than expected ▸ Organs-on-chips Using chips instead of organs for medical testing purposes ▸ Perovskite Solar Cells Making progress towards ubiquitous solar power generation ▸ Open AI Ecosystem From artificial to contextual intelligence ▸ Optogenetics Using light to control genetically modified neurons ▸ Systems Metabolic Engineering Chemicals from renewable sources’ microorganisms Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONDUCCION AUTONOMA

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Transportation continues to be a challenge for adults as they age and become unable to drive safely. A number of transportation alternatives are present to supplement or replace driving. While most respondents would consider using any of the proposed alternatives, few are actively taking advantage of newer programs such as car or ride sharing. This may reflect the spotty availability of these services in suburban and rural areas where a higher concentration of older adults live as well as the still nascent comfort with using on-demand alternatives. Fully autonomous vehicles have enormous potential to enhance mobility. However, the trust to adopt these technologies is not yet here for a many potential users and may need to be built-up over time.

‣

The survey results suggest there may be some hesitation around one's comfort with full automation among the older adult population who could benefit it the most. The good news, however, is that greater than 50% of the older adult market responding to the survey appears comfortable with the concept of technological innovations that help the driver. Training and perceived ease-of-use of a technology directly correlate with eventual adoption of the technology. Improved training methods that more closely align with preferred learning strategies may help by allowing drivers to become more comfortable with progressing levels of automation at their own pace, eventually leading to adoption of fully autonomous vehicles. Future research might examine how attitudes may differ by region to account for availability of transportation alternatives in suburban and rural areas. In addition, future exploration may assess possible differences in attitudes.

‣

Source: http://agelab.mit.edu/files/publications/2016_6_Autonomous_Vehicles_Consumer_Preferences.pdfelated to education, income and gender

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONDUCCION AUTONOMA

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

FABRICACIÓN ADITIVA: 3D ‣ Another great digital technology that is evolving ‣ the supply chain is 3D printing. For Barilla, this technology is revolutionizing its pasta production and realigning its entire supply chain. The brand can now offer more than just five varieties of pasta to restaurants, retailers, and wholesalers, giving them a choice of ingredients (vegan!), flavors (Mediterranean tomato!), and shapes (soccer balls to celebrate my favorite team’s win!).

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

By putting a 3D printer in its customers’ facilities, Barilla’s supply chain must anticipate and fulfill every possible configuration.

The whole notion of demand anticipation and fulfillment and replenishment is completely flipped. Instead, the supply chain needs to think about arriving at the customer site to service this piece of equipment.

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

4D PRINTING http://iecetech.org/issue/2016-01/Is-4D-printing-thenext-step

‣ In 2015, 90% of 3D printing applications in the automotive industry were for prototyping and only 10% for production.

However, the technology is starting to spread, and is used not just for design but also for manufacturing, repair and replacement. ‣ According to a January 2016 report by the US consultancy Frost & Sullivan, the application scope of 3D printing is currently restricted to the production of extremely low volume parts and production tooling. Despite this, the firm forecasts that the technology will generate USD 4,3 billion in the automotive industry by 2025, and achieve deeper penetration in production and the aftermarket.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

4D PRINTING

The method was inspired by the way plants change shape over time in response to environmental stimuli. This orchid-shaped structure is printed with a hydrogel composite ink containing aligned cellulose fibrils, which enable anisotropic swelling. A proprietary mathematical model developed by the team precisely predicts how the fibrils will swell in water. After printing, the 4D orchid is immersed in water to activate its shape transformation. Credit: A.S. Gladman, E. Matsumoto, L.K. Sanders, and J.A. Lewis / Wyss Institute at Harvard University Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

THE BIMODAL SUPPLY CHAIN ▸ Fast and slow. Traditional and revolutionary. That’s “bimodal.” This year’s conference theme will explore how today’s global supply chain must operate on a two-part bimodal supply chain strategy — delivering efficiency and innovation at the same time. ▸ You can think of Mode 1 as analog and designed for stability, efficiency, and operational excellence. Mode 2 is digital and designed for agility and innovation—an approach supported by advanced analytics, automation, and connectivity

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

MAKING THE DIGITAL PIVOT

BY LORA CECERE, FOUNDER, SUPPLY CHAIN INSIGHTS — 10/12/2015 Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

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Source: Building digital trust: The role of data ethics in the digital age, Accenture 2016

LA ETICA DE LA DATA

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR 4.0

Source: WASTE NOT, WANT NOT. CAPTURING THE VALUE OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY THROUGH REVERSE LOGISTICS Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR 4.0

TRANSFOR MANDO LA MANERA DE HACER Y REUTILIZA R

Source: WASTE NOT, WANT NOT. CAPTURING THE VALUE OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY THROUGH REVERSE LOGISTICS

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR 4.0 https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downl oads/publications/EllenMacArthurFoundation_Intelligent _Assets_080216-AUDIO-E.pdf

▸ Develop a ‘material backbone’ – a system to optimise the circulation of materials and minimise the need for virgin resources – to strengthen its competitiveness. Intelligent assets – in particular asset-tracking solutions – could be instrumental in realising that vision. ▸ A major barrier for the transition towards the circular economy is the hidden cost of negative externalities. Sensing technology is already tracking detailed ows in, for example, food production systems, and in the future the extension of these applications could reveal the source of externalities, such as greenhouse gas emissions or ecosystem service destruction, in detail. This would not be a complete solution but a key step towards setting an accurate and fair price on these externalities.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

LAS CUATRO FUERZAS DE CAMBIO SEGÚN MCKINSEY (2015) ‣ Conectados a todo, con todo, sobre todo ‣ La época de las grandes urbes o megacities ‣ La exponencial revolución tecnológica ‣ Demografía 65.0

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

MEGACIUDADES ▸

En 2030 70% of all humans will live in cities

▸

Quizás las redes tradicionales de dos dimensiones habrá que verlas en 3 dimensiones

▸

A distinct retail characteristic is the presence of millions of very small, family-owned and operated stores. We call these nanostores.

▸

There are 28 megacities on the planet, and the United Nations projects that the number will reach 41 by 2030, accounting for a population of some 453 million people.

▸

Most megacities are located in emerging economies. In addition to congestion, carriers that deliver goods in these urban centers must navigate complex traffic planning regulations and the demands of many small retail outlets called nanocenters. With limited back room space, nanostores need to be restocked frequently. In Mexico City, for example, some 60% of the city’s nanostores maintain only one to two days of inventory.

▸

Source:: http://blog.mytmc.com/technology/how-megacity-distribution-models-are-changing-urbanlogistics/#sthash.qCUZyHxQ.dpuf

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

‣ Megacities: como medir una ciudad de otra manera

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

DEMOGRAFIA 65.0 Source: http://agelab.mit.edu/disruptive-demographics

‣ Aging is a disruptive force in many countries and economies. Imagine:

‣ There are more walkers and wheelchairs than baby carriages in parts of Europe ‣ People over 60 in China are more numerous than the entire population of Russia ‣ Japan’s population by mid-century may reduce by half and nearly a third will be over 65 ‣ 77 million American baby boomers, born between 1946-1964 are now passing 65 nearly one every seven seconds ‣ Even in ‘young’ South American and African nations, there are concentrations of older adults that rival or even surpass the oldest countries of Europe ‣ But – global aging is not simply a story of ‘more.’ The new disruptive demographics of aging is not your grandfather's old age – many older people have: ‣

Vast cultural, lifestyle, and economic diversity within and across nations

‣

Fewer family caregivers and working age adults to support an aging society – either because of fewer children or the migration of younger people to urban centers leaving an older rural population behind

‣

Greater expectations of Japan's Dankai and baby boomers in North America and Europe to not only live longer but to live better than previous generations

‣

Higher expectations and lifelong experience with the promise of technology to improve the quality of life – from accessing healthcare, connecting to loved ones, to remaining engaged rather than ‘retired’ from society Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia Better health, more education and income than their parents and grandparents

‣

EXPONENCIAL….. TODO ‣ Una organización exponencial es aquella cuyo impacto es desproporcionadamente grande, al menos 10 veces más que su competencia debido al uso de nuevas técnicas organizativas y de aceleración Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

EXPONENCIAL….. TODO ‣

Digitalización.- Cualquier tecnología que se precie ha de ser ahora digital ya que ello permite alcanzar a todo el planeta. Permite una automatización y una rapidez que incrementa la escalabilidad exponencialmente.

‣

Decepción.- Cualquier iniciativa exponencial digital entra directamente en un periodo de decepción.

‣

Disrupción.- El crecimiento exponencial tan veloz se convierte rápidamente en disruptivo y la innovación disruptiva casi nunca proviene del status quo. La amenaza real casi para cualquier negocio no proviene de la competencia, sino de las startups. Los expertos se convierten en frenos y desaceleradores de la innovación.

‣

Desmaterialización.- Cuando algo es realmente disruptivo lo que ocurre es que se desmaterializa, es decir, que físicamente desaparece como las cámaras de fotos o el GPS que ahora se han incorporado al teléfono.

‣

Desmonetización.- Una vez que algo se ha desmaterializado, se desmonetiza y pierde valor. Si no existe no se puede pagar por ello. Esta situación está ocurriendo constantemente, por ejemplo, Uber desmonetiza al taxi tradicional, mientras que Craiglist a la publicidad. Lo que está ocurriendo en el mundo digital es que el coste marginal del marketing y las ventas es casi cero pues la web ahora permite ofrecer productos y servicios por un coste que era impensable hace 20 años. La estructura viral y la potencia de las recomendaciones puede hacer que un producto sea conocido (para bien o para mal) prácticamente en todo el planeta y en tiempo real.

‣

Democratización.- Una vez que algo se desmaterializa y se desmonetiza, pasa a ser totalmente Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia democrático, es decir, que todos los podemos utilizar.

CONCLUSIONES

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSIONES: ¿ES ALGO NUEVO? http://www.digitalistmag.com/digital-supply-networks/2016/03/23/what-going-digitalreally-means-for-supply-chain-04095857

‣ For decades, supply chains have incorporated digital technologies like programmable logic controllers, radio-frequency ID, EDI, and electronic documents into their processes and operations. If that’s digital transformation, supply chain operators have long-boarded that train before anyone else thought of coming along for the ride.

Over the last 25 years, these technologies have optimized and streamlined the function dramatically – evolving rapidly to accelerate processes, squeeze costs, and offer better quality. ‣ The key is going digital with your business processes and eliminate all those manual steps so you can give the customer what they want. That’s what supply chain digital transformation is all about – the customer.”

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

‣ CONCLUSIONES

¿CÓMO IMPACTA EN NUESTRAS OPERACIONES. 4V? 4. < 0

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

4.0

Low

Volume

High High

High

Variety

Low

High

Variation in demand

Low

High

Visibility

Low

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSIONES: LA MATRIZ PRODUCTO PROCESOS

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSIONES: LA CADENA DE PENETRACIÓN DEL 4.0

Logistica 1.0

Logistica 2.0

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

Logistica 4.0

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

4.0 Y DEMANDA: LONG TAIL ▸

Con el concepto Smart Factory, los sistemas http://www.atoxgrupo.com/website/noticias/industria-4de producción se alejarán de las plantas de 0-y-logistica-4-0 fabricación centralizadas y en su lugar se crearán redes de unidades de fabricación interconectadas. Esto hará que se muevan materias primas y productos semielaborados de forma mucho más frecuente.

▸

En los mercados globalizados actuales, los productos tienen ciclos de vida más cortos y las variaciones en las demandas son más impredecibles. Con los sistemas de fabricación aditiva se podrá lanzar nuevos productos al mercado de forma más rápida y se podrán reducir los niveles de stock de seguridad. La flexibilidad e interconectividad ayudará a predecir y reaccionar de forma más eficiente ante las variaciones de la demanda, reduciendo así el efecto látigo.

Con sistemas de producción que permiten personalizar los productos de forma eficiente, las diferencias entre los mercados de masa y losAngel modelos basados Prof. Miguel Larrinaga de negocio V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia en la long tail se difuminarán

BULLWHIP 4.0

https://www.atkearney.com/web/beer-distribution-game/the-bullwhip-effect

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

BULLWHIP 4.0

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada LogĂ­stica de Euskadi â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSIONES: SEGÚN DAVOS CUATRO FORMAS DE VER LA INDUSTRIA 4.0 ▸ The Fourth Industrial Revolution as the next big “wave” of economic activity and innovation for good. Could it end our addiction to fossil fuels?

▸ The Fourth Industrial Revolution as the convergence of digital, human and physical domains: what happens when software “eats the world”? ▸ The Fourth Industrial Revolution as a disruptor of existing power structures. The question of who gains and who loses is far from settled. ▸ The Fourth Industrial Revolution as a radical shift in the future of work, education and skills. It’s not man versus machine…

▸ The Fourth Industrial Revolution as the trigger for a new set of norms around technology and humanity. We change technology, technology changes us.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSIONES:

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

INDUSTRY 5.0

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSIONES:

INDUSTRY 5.0

http://www.universal-robots.com/blog/industry-50-returnof-the-human-touch/

‣ And where are we humans?

▸ While there is a movement globally to create smart factories and make things communicate digitally, a new trend is appearing on the horizon aiming to bring back the human touch in production.

The trend is dubbed “Industry 5.0” or collaborative industries. ▸ Furthermore, according to a survey conducted by Accenture Consulting, 85 % of manufacturers see the “connected workforce” being commonplace in their production processes by 2020. So, while robots are excellent at manufacturing standard products in standardized processes in a high production volume, adding this so-called “special something” to each and every product is a challenge where robots require guidance. Thus, we recognize the need to bring back the human touch to production processes.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

THE IMPACT ON PEOPLE: AUTOMATION OR AUGMENTATION? ►Augmentation—smart humans helping smart machines, and vice-versa ►People do this by aiding automated systems that are better than humans at their particular tasks, or by focusing those tasks at which humans are still better ►The classic augmentation example: freestyle chess ►Better than humans or automated chess systems acting alone ►Humans can choose among multiple computerrecommended moves ►Humans know strengths and weaknesses of different programs ►We’ve seen this before: textile machinery, spreadsheets 70 | 2016 © Thomas H. Davenport. All Rights Reserved

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSIONES SKILLS

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSIONES SKILLS

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSIONES

Digitalización

Descentraliz ación Democratiza ción

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSION 1: SEA CURIOSO

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

CONCLUSION 2: ENTENDER LO QUE SE PUEDA. CUIDADO CON LOS GURUS.

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

MUCHAS GRACIAS

Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia

BIBLIOGRAFIA ‣

Informe McKinsey: Digital Europe:

‣ ‣

Quo Vadis Logistics 4.0:

‣ ‣ ‣

‣

‣

http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mcKinsey/our-insights/digital-europerealizing-the-continents-potential?cid=other-eml-alt-mip-mgi-oth-1606 http://www.ima-zlw-ifu.rwthaachen.de/fileadmin/user_upload/INSTITUTSCLUSTER/Publikation_Medien/Vortraege/downlo ad//Quo_vadis_Logistik4.0_17March2016.pdf

State of Logistics Report:

‣ http://www.rightplace.org/assets/img/uploads/resources/State-of-Logistics_Rosalyn-Wilson.pdf DHL Logistics Trends report: ‣ http://www.dhl.com/content/dam/downloads/g0/about_us/logistics_insights/dhl_logistics_trend_ radar_2016.pdf ‣ Organizaciones Exponenciales: ‣ http://www.yorksmallbusiness.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/adam_little.pdf Manufacturing 4.0 and European Parliament: ‣ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/568337/EPRS_BRI(2015)568337_ EN.pdf Strategy and Smart Manufacuring ‣ http://www.ptc.com/File%20Library/Topics/Harvard%20Business%20Review/HBR_How-SmartConnected-Products-Are-Transforming-Competition.pdf Prof. Miguel Angel Larrinaga

V Jornada Logística de Euskadi – Euskadiko Logistikari V. Jardunaldia