Quanta Magazine - Spring 2013

2013

Tomorrow: Brought to you by Mohawk College

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Health Records: Making it personal

INSPIRATION

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dISTRIbuTION

Welcome Welcome to the second issue of Quanta, our annual celebration of Mohawk College’s research and innovation!

In this issue, we share a wide range of cutting-edge exploration and work happening here at Mohawk. We look at how faculty are discovering the most effective teaching practices and are pioneering the use of new technology in the classroom to improve learning experiences for students.

We also discuss several of Mohawk’s collaborative applied research projects, where faculty and students partner with industry to investigate and develop brand new technologies.

Valerie Mitanoff

Read how Mohawk faculty and staff join forces to create and adapt courses so students can access all learning material and online activities with iPads, while ensuring facility and competence with mobile applications currently used in their industry. Education at Mohawk is also enhanced as faculty test and evaluate the best ways to teach using high fidelity simulation and other methods.

For more information about Quanta, contact:

Other Quanta articles highlight Mohawk’s capacity in eHealth, energy and advanced manufacturing. Faculty, staff and student researchers are assessing mobile readiness for healthcare organizations and are devising innovative eHealth solutions. The college’s community ties are strengthened through exciting partnerships with Hydro One and other utilities, labs and Ontario colleges, as we conduct electric vehicle research. And students gain valuable investigative expertise through joint projects with COM DEV International Ltd. and CANMET Materials Lab. I hope you enjoy meeting our forward-looking faculty, students and staff!

Valerie Mitanoff Editor, Quanta Research Journal Mohawk College Fennell Avenue and West 5th P.O. Box 2034 Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3T2 valerie.mitanoff@mohawkcollege.ca 1.905.575.1212 x4738

Contents 1

Welcome

2

App-y to be here!

19 Stakeholder Comments: How have you benefited by working with Mohawk College?

6

The Power Grid & the Electric Car

20 High Fidelity Simulation

9 Researcher Profiles

22 What Makes an Effective Teacher?

10 Metabolic Response to Exercise

25 Feature Interview Mohawk in Orbit: A conversation.

14 Health Info, On The Go 16 Public? Private? Shared.

28 A Message from the Chief: Ted Scott

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App-y to be here!

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Students in Mohawk’s Manufacturing Engineering Technician – Automation program participate in a classroom activity on their iPads.

iPads in the Classroom at Mohawk

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ot too many months ago, a tradesman/ contractor was on site at Mohawk, specifying and quoting a job for the college. While walking through the area where work would proceed, he taptap-tapped away on his iPad. He noted measurements and other variables, filled in time estimates, and more.

Within minutes, while walking through the site for the very first time, he was able to provide a comprehensive proposal from his firm, emailed as a PDF to relevant parties at the college, before he even left.

As a result of this chance exposure to a practical example of very current technology-in-action, the college had a quote, the contractor had an agreement, and this real-world example of where mobile tech is going inspired Mohawk College to look more closely at tablet technology and mobile options as a means to enhance eLearning at Mohawk.

“It struck me as a natural extension of our Future Ready promise. Mobile technology has developed so quickly – there are benefits for every industry. After witnessing this event, we started discussions to determine which program would make a good test case for a tablet-based learning program,” offered Piero Cherubini, Dean, Skilled Trades and Apprenticeships.

A simple-enough-sounding idea (‘Let’s use tablets.’) turned out to be a complex, project requiring thought and resources put towards network infrastructure, device choice, system compatibilities, community communication, curriculum, plus student, staff and IT training.

After deliberation, the Manufacturing Engineering Technician - Automation program was chosen for its manageable size (under 70 students), interested and committed faculty, and its closely connected classroom and practical learning areas, making IT upgrades more feasible.

iTEAM WORK! Critical to the success of the program was the early involvement of Mohawk’s IT staff. For starters, Wi-Fi density had to be optimized to support the need for a large increase in always-on devices. To avoid the need for repeated logins, network protocols had to be adapted to allow instant reconnection if a device went unused for a time. Plus, careful consideration had to be given to device choice.

While Apple’s iOS offered some challenges, the amazing breadth of apps available for iPad, the market share advantage that Apple holds and Apple Canada’s willingness to support the initiative tipped the scales in favour of the iPad for the pilot program. (There is a longer-term vision of device independence that would allow similar connectivity or access from any tablet, laptop or other mobile device.)

iMPRESSIVE iMPLEMENTATION Weekly meetings among the implementation team (with representatives from departments throughout the college: Accessibility Services, The Centre for Teaching & Learning, IT, Communications and Retail) inspired rapid progress towards a full tablet-delivered program for the Millwright group. Work-arounds were found for speed bumps like Flash-based sites that won’t display on iPad, or connectivity issues between the tablets and the Mohawk’s eLearn platform (based on the Desire2Learn Learning Suite). For every problem a solution was found.

Meanwhile, teaching staff took the opportunity to do much, much more than just port their lessons over to an e-delivery solution. Instead, with assistance from staff in the Centre for Teaching & Learning, they re-thought every aspect of course curriculum and delivery, while concurrently diving into the app market and scouring online resources, essentially recreating their programs to maximize the tablet experience for students.

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The Tablet Team Project support

Purchasing got involved too, working with Apple to create

Piero Cherubini, Dean, School of Business and Skilled Trades and Apprenticeship

the right package for students (iPad, case, keyboard and

Anthony Fazzari, Professor Electrical, Fuels, Green Technology Michael Chandler, iPad Project Technical Support, Co-op student Andrew Connery, Instructional Technologist, Learning Environment Administration, Centre for Teaching & Learning (CTL support)

some starter apps), while keeping the net cost to students close to, or less than, former textbook costs.

Finally, just a few weeks prior to the program’s September 2012 start date, the first announcement went out to the incoming students!

WELCOME TO MOHAWK It’s fair to say that students were happily surprised when they received the announcement in the summer about their involvement in an iPad test program. Any concerns

Warren Gresko, Manager, IT Service Desk (IT Support)

didn’t last long once they arrived in September to begin

Jenn Horwath, Project Manager, Centre for Teaching & Learning

“One key reason the launch went so well was that we did

the program.

some very good things in the first week,” offered Tony Fazzari, Professor Electrical, Fuels, Green Technology.

Faculty on project team:

“First, a representative from Apple came in and spent a

Doug Daniels, Associate Dean, Industrial and Motive Power Professor, Transportation and Industrial

The training helped create an instant group of power

Richard Dupp, Professor, Manufacturing Engineering Technician - Automation (Industrial Mechanic Millwright) Robert Deeks, Professor, Manufacturing Engineering Technician - Automation (Industrial Mechanic Millwright) Bernt Newiger, Professor, Manufacturing Engineering Technician - Automation (Industrial Mechanic Millwright) Marla Robinson, Professor, Electrical, Fuels, Green Technology Shaun Iles, Professor, Humanities and Social Sciences Shantal Woolsey, Professor, Language Studies

day getting everyone comfortable with all things iPad. users. The next day, we had in-depth training on how to use and interact with the college’s eLearn system.

By the time students hit the classroom, they were very comfortable with the technology,” Fazzari concluded.

Doug Daniels, Associate Dean, Industrial and Motive Power, added, “The other thing that made a big difference for everyone’s comfort level is that the program provided full-time tech support. Faculty members were all PC users coming into the test and our teaching was all paper-based. To help us get comfortable with the program, we looked for help from Mohawk’s three-year Computer Co-op program, where we found Michael Chandler. Mike was available to all faculty and students 35 hours per week and did an incredible job of helping us smooth out the bumps in the early weeks of the program.”

Over the first semester, staff and students were polled regularly (through their iPads, of course!) for anonymous and helpful feedback on how things were going. Approval ratings were high.

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Asked about specific benefits of the program, students offered a healthy list, including: • environmentally friendly • no textbooks to carry and manage (“just one thing to grab!”)

• everything consolidated in one place • quick, almost-instant feedback on tests and quizzes • ability to work anywhere with Wi-Fi • opportunity to be a step ahead of the competition from other schools • makes shop floor assignments much quicker – no more jotting and transposing Instructors were equally able to find much to praise about the program. “It was a lot of work to get to the point where it all seems pretty easy, but I think we’d all agree, the tablets have proven a great addition to our course delivery,” continued Doug Daniels.

To be fair, there are some less positive considerations, too. For example: while certainly a remarkable learning tool, an always-on iPad can also be an unintended distraction. And it might not survive a fall as easily as a textbook would. But like other issues faced in the planning phase, these concerns are just bugs to resolve and don’t detract from the terrific experience and results that this iPad pilot offered.

WHAT’S iNEXT? There’s a tremendous amount of excitement around the early success of the iPad pilot. People can’t help but consider rollouts and wonder what will come next.

It’s too soon to promise anything. But rest assured, there are plans!

There were some amazing and gratifying outcomes from term 1: • high approval rating from students • “It’s like second nature now. Couldn’t be easier.”

• 91% also use their iPads outside the classroom • “I’m more likely to forget my safety glasses than my iPad!” • significant savings versus cost of textbooks (projected to program’s completion)

TECHNOLOGY AT MOHAWK Mohawk’s Academic and Strategic Plans are built on three pillars: Quality, innovation and sustainability. These are the touch points through which one can really see how naturally the tablet program is right on target: QUALITY: Easy access, anywhere, to any and all online resources; ability to facilitate home and/or blended learning; catalyst for flipped learning. It’s easy to see how the quality of a student’s experience will increase.

INNOVATION: An easy win for tablets here! The iPad project was all about innovation and, by the very nature of the platform, will continue to drive innovative thinking indefinitely.

SUSTAINABILITY: The program is certainly a Future Ready initiative – but it is equally a future friendly one.

In textbooks alone, the environmental savings are, and will continue to be, significant.

Ted Scott, Chief Innovation Officer at Mohawk, summed it up: ”This initiative is a great example of how we can reduce our reliance on the physical. The ‘tablets in the classroom’ program is a giant step towards a fullyintegrated, collaborative learning platform that allows us to deliver our service more flexibly, and to more people.

This is a big part of the future for education.”

For more information about iPad in the classroom, please contact: Jenn Horwath, Project Manager, CTL jenn.horwath@mohawkcollege. ca Andrew Connery, Instructional Technologist, Learning Environment Administration, CTL andrew.connery@mohawkcollege.ca Brian Gould, Instructional Technologist, CTL brian.gould@mohawkcollege.ca Jeff Rankine, Instructional Technologist, CTL jeffrey.rankine@mohawkcollege.ca Quanta 2013

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PROJECT Advanced Power Quality Laboratory RESEARCH TEAM Dr. Nafia Al-Mutawaly, Mark Coenen, Thomas Marshall Program Mohawk College, B.Tech. Energy Engineering Technology Funding PartnerS NSERC, Hydro One, Norfolk Power

The Power Grid & the Electric Car 6

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Mohawk’s Advanced Power Quality Laboratory (APQL) Project summary: The main challenges currently facing utilities include aging infrastructure and equipment, continuing increases in renewable generation sources and “self-dispatched” distributed generation (DG).

Collectively, the adoption of plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) and increased use of modern electronic devices are expected to degrade power quality on local distribution systems.

A power quality meter is connected to the lab’s main distribution transformer.

The primary goal of this project is to determine the impacts of harmonics generated by electric vehicles and residential loads on power distribution systems.

Data collected during the project will be used to develop adaptive harmonic filters to improve distribution system reliability.

Project background: It is well known that solid-state electronics (such as power supplies and inverters used in PHEV and DG systems) produce harmonics, which contribute to poor power quality. Consisting of higher frequency waves than the standard power line frequency, harmonics pose serious challenges for utilities ranging from premature equipment failure to misoperation of protection systems during fault conditions. Since utilities (local distribution companies or LDCs) are typically small businesses with fewer than 50 employees, they often have limited research and development funds set aside to determine the impacts that harmonics will have on distribution systems. LDCs are expected to maintain their current assets and prepare for a new wave of green energy technologies like PHEVs and distributed generation, however many lack the expertise and dedicated testing facilities to perform a comprehensive analysis on poor power quality within distribution networks. To address these and other challenges, Mohawk and three other colleges (Algonquin, Georgian and Northern) have teamed up with Hydro One to create the Hydro One Applied Research Consortium (HARC). One of the main objectives of HARC’s applied research is the Advanced Power Quality Lab (APQL) at

Mohawk College, which is being used to assess various impacts of electric vehicles and distributed generation on power systems.

Project objectives: The APQL provides a state of the art replica of a real-world distribution system, including transformers of various sizes, electric vehicles, various types of home appliances and a complete suite of instrumentation. For research purposes, various test beds are being constructed using equipment from a variety of major vendors (including Siemens, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories and GE) to assess harmonic profiles and their combined effects on transformers, meters, power protection systems and power flow patterns within a distribution grid. The APQL is expected to facilitate research in a number of areas including: Quanta 2013

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1. Local utilities have expressed interest in evaluating the impact of multiple EVs on a distribution system when fed from the same transformer and during peak hours. The APQL will be used to evaluate these interactions (as well as the impacts of interacting harmonics from modern energy-efficient loads and generators), allowing researchers to produce a computer model based on the results. Utilities will then be able to use the computer model to determine the maximum number of EVs which can be accommodated at any one time on their distribution system, and use that data to accurately forecast infrastructure needs in the years to come.

2. The data collected from the testing of various load combinations will be used to create a comprehensive database of harmonic profiles (recordings of each unique waveform and spectrum), which can then be replicated on demand. APQL and HARC researchers will use this information to assist local utilities (such as Norfolk Power, Horizon Utilities and other LDCs) in evaluating the reliability and accuracy of power grid instrumentation, ranging from monitoring to protection and control equipment.

Future work: Once the harmonics database and impact assessments have been successfully completed, Mohawk College and HARC, in collaboration with

Co-op student Mark Coenen is preparing to capture the electrical current waveform drawn by the EV.

McMaster University, will begin work on methods to lessen the harmonic content. An adaptive harmonic filter system will be developed by APQL researchers to lessen the harmonic effects on distribution equipment. Such devices could be installed in high-demand loads such as electric vehicles, or in distribution substations to shield the utility equipment from harmonic content. Filters of this type will be able to extend the life of utility assets and help to extend equipment maintenance intervals, resulting in lower costs and increased reliability of the distribution network.

The research team now plans to evaluate the harmonics generated by other vehicles, including pure battery electric vehicles. Additionally, the impacts of various types of EVs on household loads will be evaluated.

The information gained from these tests will be used to replicate real-world conditions in the lab, allowing the researchers to test new and prototype power grid protection and control technologies, as well as determine the necessary steps utilities must take to continue providing a safe, reliable supply of electricity to consumers.

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Researcher Profiles Mary Allan is a professor in the Collaborative Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN) program. She has taught in several nursing courses and has been actively involved in curriculum revision and development as part of her role as Coordinator and Course Planner for Level 2. Her research focuses have included simulation, service learning, scholarship and program evaluation. Mary is a member of the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) and the Canadian Association Schools of Nursing (CASN) special interest group on simulation. In her spare time Mary enjoys curling, golfing and gardening.

Duane Bender is a professor of Software Engineering Technology at Mohawk and the the director of Mohawk’s mHealth and eHealth Development and Innovation Centre (MEDIC), which focuses on the application of information technology and mobile technology to healthcare. Duane is a licensed Professional Software Engineer (P.Eng) and enterprise technology architect with nearly 20 years of practical experience in software engineering and systems development. His work has primarily involved the design and construction of large-scale, high-performance distributed software and systems for eBusiness and eHealth.

Nafia Al-Mutawaly has been a professor with the Electrotechnology Engineering Technology program at Mohawk College since 1998 and has held the Chair position of McMaster’s Energy Engineering Technologies Program since 2007. He is also an adjunct associate professor in the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at McMaster University. Nafia’s areas of expertise include Power Distribution and Protection, Power Electronics, Biomedical Devices, and Software Development. He has private sector experience in energy management, Biomedical instrumentation and microelectronics sensors. In 2003, Nafia obtained a PhD in Electrical Engineering from McMaster, and is author and co-author of over 20 research publications, including abstracts and peer review papers. Nafia’s research recently received $2.3 million in funding from NSERC.

Derek Vandenbrink is a certified exercise physiologist and a professor in Health, Wellness and Fitness at Mohawk College. Previously, Derek has held positions in the health and fitness industry as a personal training manager, personal trainer and athletic conditioning specialist. He holds a bachelor’s degree in kinesiology and a master’s degree in physical education and recreation, specializing in youth athlete development. Derek is also a faculty member for PTA Global, and a master trainer for the Institute of Motion, ViPR, Hyperwear and Technogym.

Nick Petrella is a professor at Mohawk College in the Health, Wellness and Fitness program. Prior to Mohawk, Nick earned a bachelor’s degree in Physical Education and Kinesiology and an MSc in Exercise Physiology and Athlete Performance from Brock University. He also conducted research at Western University. Nick’s research experience at Brock University, Western University and Mohawk College has been focused on human performance.

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PROJECT Metabolic responses during and following intermittent functional exercise RESEARCH TEAM Derek N. Vandenbrink, MA; Nicholas J. Petrella, MSc; and Daniel P. MacLennan, MScPT, MSc Program Health, Wellness and Fitness Funding PartnerS Mohawk College Justice & Wellness Department, Mohawk College’s iDeaWORKS

Metabolic Response to Exercise 10

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Nick Petrella evaluates a subject’s technique while monitoring performance using a ViPR and Cosmed K4B2 Portable VO2 analyzer to measure oxygen uptake.

Work. Rest. Repeat.

(Then repeat again...)

“I

nterval training” is an approach to training that is widely used by both high performance and more casual fitness athletes. The premise is to break training sessions into periods of work and rest. An athlete might do 8 x 30-second sprints; they work through a 100 metre run, then recover for 60 seconds, then run again. The principle can extend to almost any strength or cardio activity. With intermittent functional exercise (IFE), fundamental movement patterns (lunge, squat, push, pull, crawl, etc.) are performed in an interval fashion, either with body weight alone, or with external resistance (weights).

IFE has long been believed to aid in weight loss, improve muscular strength and cardiovascular function and, perhaps more importantly, improve overall physical movement capacity. Since the idea was first introduced, it has grown to be a widely accepted and adopted training regimen. But have the assumed benefits of interval training been adequately tested?

Does this approach to exercise offer the results that are widely taken for granted? Limited research has been done to date, so Mohawk professors, Derek Vandenbrink, Nick Petrella and Dan MacLennan sought to measure and understand the benefits of IFE workouts.

The goal of this threemonth exploration was to

determine metabolic responses during and following IFE training sessions, to learn whether the claimed benefits of IFE were accurate, and to suggest practical applications for such exercise.

Working out: The results of an IFE workout may be measured in many ways. This research examined oxygen cost, heart rate response and energy expenditure, both during and after an exercise session. The results and conclusions of these tests could provide useful information for coaches, trainers, physiotherapists and other health and fitness professionals, allowing all to more effectively take advantage of, and monitor, such exercise.

In the study, ten subjects completed preliminary testing that included: baseline resting metabolic rate, a maximal oxygen uptake test, and a familiarization trial using the exercise protocol planned for the experiment. After a 48-hour rest, participants performed a 19-minute IFE session using ViPR (“Vitality, Performance and Reconditioning” – a free-weight functional exercise tool).

The men and women subjects used differentlyweighted ViPRs but otherwise all performed the same 10 x 60-second work intervals alternating with 60-second rests.

The results showed great promise. The intermittent functional exercise (IFE) workout employed in this study meets the cardiovascular intensity and energy expenditure recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine, and was sufficient to improve cardiovascular fitness and improve body composition in healthy adults.

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• a mean EE of 13.0 kcal∙min-1 • a mean rating of perceived exertion of 17 • the mean overall caloric expenditure was 247 kcal

Nick Petrella adjusts settings on the Cosmed K4B2 Portable VO2 analyzer between sets of intermittent ViPR exercises.

Post-exercise metabolic recovery data showed an overall EPOC of 7.9 L of oxygen. EE remained elevated through 15 minutes, O2 through 30 minutes, and HR through 45 minutes. RER remained depressed throughout the 45-minute collection, showing an overall increase in fat metabolism.

In other words, the study results show that this 19-minute IFE session provided substantial training and fitness benefits to the test subjects.

The next interval: Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange rate (RER) and energy expenditure (EE) were measured continuously during the sessions and for 45 minutes post-exercise (EPOC), using a portable metabolic cart.

Measuring up: Exercising subjects measured: • a mean O2 of 65% O2peak • a mean HR of 92% HRmax • a mean RER of 1.06

This Mohawk teaching and research team is now in the process of publishing their findings. The study’s results and conclusions were shared with the academic community and other colleagues at the October 2013 Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology conference.

The three professors also intend to offer these findings at other industry-relevant conferences, and in journals and magazines.

Meanwhile, the many advantages of IFE are coming soon, to a gym, pool, track, weight room… near you.

Terminology & Acronyms: VO2 – Oxygen Uptake: Measures an individual’s ability to transport/use oxygen during physical training.

HR – Heart Rate: Ability to achieve/maintain a high

Perceived Exertion: Subjectively tracks the physical signals an individual experiences when working hard – respiration, heart rate, perspiration, muscle fatigue.

percentage of max heart rate and quick recovery are both fitness indicators.

RER – Respiratory Exchange Rate: Measures energy metabolism in the body and is an indicator of exhaustion.

EE – Energy Expenditure: Simply, a measure of calories consumed during exercise (though, typically measured in Kilojoules rather than calories).

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EPOC – Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption: During exercise, the body goes into oxygen deficit. EPOC measures how quickly an individual can return to normal oxygen consumption and is an indicator of overall fitness level.

Researcher Profiles Justin Fyfe, software architect at Mohawk College, is a dedicated programmer and problem solver, designing eHealth solutions for healthcare providers across Canada. Justin is lead architect and developer on the Everest Framework, an open source solution that enables software developers to integrate their eHealth and mHealth applications using international healthcare standards. Justin has been honoured with several awards, including President’s Awards at Mohawk in 2009/2011, and was part of the team that received Canada Health Infoway Standards Collaborative Peer Award in 2010. He is a member of the Canada Health Infoway Standards Collaborative and COACH (Canada’s Health Informatics Association) and has been a vital contributor to Mohawk’s Apps For Health and Education conference.

Dan MacLennan is a professor in Mohawk’s Health, Wellness and Fitness program.

Professionally involved in the fitness industry for 20 years, prior to his tenure at Mohawk, Dan practiced as a Physiotherapist (orthopedics, sport and neurological), a gym manager (Brock, Mohawk), strength and conditioning coach (McMaster and University of Toronto), and sport coach (volleyball at McMaster and Mohawk). He has earned a DEC from Heritage College, a B.Sc. in Human Kinetics from the University of Ottawa, an M.Sc. Exercise Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism from McMaster University and an M.Sc. in Physical Therapy from the University of Toronto. He is a Certified Personal Trainer (CPT) with CPTN and is also a practical assessor for CPTN as well as a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist with the NSCA. Most recently, Dan became a FitCO administrator and a CSEP-CEP (Certified Exercise Physiologist). He continues to practice as a Registered Physiotherapist, certified in acupuncture with AFCI (CAFCI) and has done advanced courses in movement and manual therapy.

Nancy Matthew-Maich is a professor in the School of Nursing at Mohawk College, in the Mohawk-McMaster-Conestoga BScN Program and is actively involved in several educational research studies. Other research interests include knowledge translation, clinical practice guideline implementation and uptake, technology innovation/implementation with health care providers, faculty development and reflective practice. Nancy recently completed a PhD in Nursing at McMaster University. She is the grateful recipient of the 2008, 2009 and 2010 Registered Nurses’ Association (RNAO) Best Practice Guideline Doctoral Fellowship funded by the Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. Nancy is currently involved with numerous funded collaborative research projects with CIHR and MOHLTC.

Grace McLaren is a professor in the McMaster-Mohawk-Conestoga Collaborative BScN Program. She is involved in teaching nursing students in both clinical and theory courses.

Grace is taking on a simulation co-lead role for nursing at the Mohawk site. She is a member of Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) and the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN) special interest group on simulation. Grace has over 32 years of nursing experience and has worked in a variety of settings in different roles, including staff nurse, charge nurse and educator. Her research interests include simulation and student learning in professional practice. When not working, she enjoys her outdoor sports activities, Zumba and relaxing with a glass of wine at the cottage.

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PROJECT Developing a Repeatable Process for Assessing Mobile Computing Readiness of Health Care Institutions RESEARCH TEAM Deborah Bonilla – Student, Mohawk College Duane Bender – Professor of Computer Science, Mohawk College H. Keith Edwards – Associate Professor Computer Science, University of Hawaii - Hilo Program Computer Science and Information Technology

Health Info, On The Go 14

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Getting Healthcare Mobile Ready

T

he appetite for mobile access to information is ever-growing and touches every industry: people seeking maps, business information, social media and banking, to name a few. In healthcare, a challenging sector for many, the search for hospitals and health providers through mobile devices will only increase.

It’s time to be certain that online content on hospital websites is optimized for mobile viewers.

An evaluation of mobile readiness at 80 Ontario hospitals was recently executed. Deborah Bonilla (Mohawk College student), Duane Bender (Professor of Computer Science, Mohawk) and H. Keith Edwards (Associate Professor of Computer Science, University of Hawaii, Hilo) collaborated, and then explored the results of the study. They devised a system to determine and rank the mobile communication readiness of our healthcare institutions. Mark Cassleman represented project partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers of Canada, who supported the study.

Why mobile?

Demand from mobile devices will likely soon exceed web traffic from all desktop and laptop computers. This trend has already been noted in India.1 Mobile health applications have been an important focus in academia and industry for several years.2, 3 Now, developing mobile-friendly healthcare websites must take on even greater importance, given consumer demand and the ever-increasing number of mobile devices accessing the internet.

This project presents a method for evaluating the mobile readiness of health provider websites, with a focus on Ontario’s hospitals. Standard use cases were designed. User validation of the use cases followed, and testing was done with industrial tools so that findings might be extended and applied to websites of other healthcare providers.

Measuring mobile access The project design appraised Ontario’s hospital websites from the perspective of users. Did users find what they were seeking? Was the material optimized for mobile web-use?

The websites’ overall technical merits were also examined.

To gauge the mobile capabilities of various organizations from a user-standpoint, the research group designed nine separate use cases, corresponding to common healthcare consumer web needs. Scenarios included seeking general information about the hospital (maps, directions, contact info), looking for particular health programs and making online payments.

Next, the mobile capabilities of the hospital websites were evaluated based on their technical merits, using industrial tools such as W3C’s mobileOK Basic Tests 1.04 and tools from Gomez, Inc.5 The results are now in.

So, how ready are we?

The project’s conclusions show varying states of mobile readiness among the 80 hospitals whose websites were scrutinized. The critical contribution of this research was the development of a repeatable testing process which may be employed by healthcare organizations to help them exercise continuous quality improvement in the delivery of mobile web services, and in customer service, overall.

Ontario… and beyond?

Healthcare providers can use the current process and methodology immediately to evaluate their own state of mobile readiness. Future research will focus on extending this process beyond Ontario’s hospitals to test and track progress toward more complete mobile readiness and healthcare consumer accessibility.

Endnotes [1] Mary Meeker. Internet Trends. Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers.

Presentation at Stanford, Bases Kick-Off. December 3, 2012 [2] Chang Liu, Qing Zhu, Kenneth A. Holroyd, and Elizabeth K. Seng.

2011. Status and trends of mobile-health applications for iOS devices: A developer’s perspective. Journal of Systems and Software, 84 (11).

November 2011, 2022-2033 [3] Lishan Xue, Ching Chiuan Yen, Leanne Chang, Bee Choo Tai, Hock Chuan Chan, Henry Been-Lirn Duh, and Mahesh Choolani. 2011. Mobile phone-based health application for women: a Singapore study. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies (ISABEL ‘11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 73 [4] Sean Owen, Jo Rabin. W3C mobileOK Basic Tests 1.0. W3C Recommendation. December 8, 2008 [5] Reuters – US Edition. Gomez Introduces Mobile Readiness Test.

October 8, 2009 Quanta 2013

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PROJECT IHE Framework for Interoperability between PHRs and EMRs RESEARCH TEAM Arun Agrawal, Chineme Ajuluchukwu, Justin Fyfe Program Mohawk’s mHealth and eHealth Development and Innovation Centre (MEDIC) project Partners NSERC, OSCAR EMR

Public?

Private?

Shared.

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The Health Record Dilemma

W

hen it comes to their healthcare, people want information and control. Patients want understanding of, and access to, the details of their health and treatment history. But, in Ontario, easy patient-access to such information has lagged behind the rest of the country and the world.

Hospitals and healthcare providers do want to offer patients access to records, data, recommendations, advice and support. All can increase patient knowledge and compliance, and lead to increased health and wellness. Today, most, if not all, health facilities collect patient data electronically, but until recently they have not had a safe, simple way to share with patients. Secure communication is the key.

Introduction and Background: EMRs and PHRs Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) of an individual’s health-related information can be managed and

consulted by authorized clinicians and staff within one healthcare organization. They have been around for over thirty years.1 Patient Health Records (PHRs) are relatively new tools, existing for little over a decade, allowing an individual to manage and share their health info, confidentially2, with any health provider. Integrating PHRs with EMRs will put much more relevant data in the patient’s hands - with less chance of losing data, supported by the EMR’s robust backup systems3. Numerous applications have been created using “Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise” (IHE, a platform framework), but nothing that could deliver the desired freedom and control to the patient.

What is needed is a way for EMRs to securely connect with patients who seek information for their PHRs. So, Chineme Ajuluchukwu (M. Eng. Candidate, McMaster University and Mohawk/iDeaWORKS researcher),

EMR 1

PIX

EMR 2 Patient Identifier Cross-reference Consumer

Patient Identifier Cross-reference Manager

Patient Identity

Document Registry

Document Consumer

XDS

PHR 1

Document Repository

Document Source

Logical Architecture Quanta 2013

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Arun Agrawal (eHealth research analyst, Mohawk College) and Justin Fyfe (software architect, Mohawk College) explored methods to integrate EMRs with PHRs, using the IHE platform. Could they create a communication sequence allowing info-providers to speak to info-seekers and finally grant patients access to the records and advice they require?

Interoperability Between PHRs and EMRs The Mohawk/McMaster trio came up with a communicative and connected process: OSCAR (a customizable, open-source EMR, developed at McMaster) feeds patient data to a PIX manager (a patient identifier cross-referencing tool – basically a way to ensure only the right person gains access). The PIX manager updates patient records to an XDS registry (for cross-enterprise document sharing). Later, OSCAR pushes a document to the XDS for confirmation.

Today, most, if not all, health facilities collect patient data electronically, but until recently they have not had a safe, simple way to share with patients.

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Then OSCAR executes another confirmation transaction against the stored data, which, in turn, records the document on the registry.

This data is then available for a third party PHR system to fetch, by cross-referencing the PHR’s identifier and fetching the document identifier from the XDS. The PHR uses these identifiers to fetch records from the XDS. Patient research success!

References [1] Canadian Institute for Health Information, Primary Health Care http://www.cihi.ca/CIHI-ext-portal/internet/en/Document/ types+of+care/primary+health/FAQ_PH_what_are_emrs [2] Coffield, R. et al, “Personal Health Records: History, Evolution and the Implications of ARRA” pp. 3 – 4 (PHR Series 1), 2011 [3] Tang, Paul; Ash, Joan; Bates, David; Overhage, J.; Sands, Daniel (2006). “Personal Health Records: Definitions, Benefits, and Strategies for Overcoming Barriers to Adoption” JAMIA 13 (2): 121–126. doi:10.1197/jamia.M2025. PMC 1447551. PMID 16357345

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Stakeholder Comments

answering the question

How have you benefited by working with Mohawk College?

”

Christy Taberner Faculty, Health Sciences - Mohawk College Mohawk College has empowered me to stay current in my field of study (mobile technology in healthcare) and has driven me to stay at the forefront of emerging trends. Mobile technology is changing the way healthcare is being taught in education, delivered in practice and received in the community. Exposing our students to emerging trends is critical to ensuring that they are “future ready” for a career in healthcare. Constantly striving to bring excellence to the classroom and health research environment requires that I evolve and learn new things every day. It’s exciting to be a part of the Mohawk College education community.

Carolynn Reid Business Development Consultant - Economic Development Division, City of Hamilton Hamilton is fortunate to have an outstanding and progressive academic institution like Mohawk College and, in particular, their iDeaWORKS project-based programming. Our local industry strives to be more innovative, productive and competitive and the iDeaWORKS collaboration-based model helps to meet this objective. iDeaWORKS’ expertise, technology and resources need be a key part of Hamilton businesses’ toolkit.

Sagar Dhinoja Computer System Technician Student - Mohawk College As an international student, I’ve had a great experience studying and participating in applied research projects at Mohawk College. I study, and then I can apply whatever I learn in the classroom to a real issue or product. I get the experience of critical thinking and coming up with alternative ways to solve problems. This just can’t be taught in the classroom.

Gillian Sheldon Business Development Manager, OCE Mohawk College is a prime example of how Ontario’s community colleges have become a critical part of the innovation equation. I am continually impressed by the expertise, advanced skills and ingenuity Mohawk researchers and students apply to solving business challenges.

In supporting SMEs through applied research, colleges like Mohawk are helping the province achieve a new level of economic competitiveness. Mohawk College has clearly demonstrated that it is aligned with the needs of both today’s student and our diversified sector base.

Sandy Schwenger CEO, mHealth Solutions mHealth Solutions is a small Ontario company providing digital health technology in cardiac care to improve patient health outcomes in Ontario. We worked with Mohawk College’s MEDIC Research group to help us implement a secure electronic document exchange to our service from primary care clinics which will vastly improve the efficiency of the service.

The expertise available at the college was very impressive and the engagement was both professional and cost-effective.

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PROJECT Linking Theory and Practice: Nursing students’ perceptions of using high fidelity simulation as a learning strategy in a theory course RESEARCH TEAM Mary Allan, RN, MBA, Professor of Nursing in McMaster-Mohawk-Conestoga BScN Program Grace McLaren, RN, BScN, MEd, Professor of Nursing in McMaster-Mohawk-Conestoga BScN Program Joanna Pierazzo, RN, MScN (ACNP), PhD(c), Assistant Professor at McMaster University, McMasterMohawk-Conestoga BScN Program Dorothy Baby, RN, BA, BScN, MSN, Professor of Nursing in McMasterMohawk-Conestoga BScN Program Program Mohawk-McMaster-Conestoga BScN Program FUNDING Partner McMaster University, School of Nursing Education Research Unit (NERU) Mohawk College

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High Fidelity Simulation as a Learning Strategy in Nursing Theory Courses

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se of simulations in nursing education is a common practice. Different simulation techniques are employed to increase the

level of competence and confidence among nursing students. In professional practical courses, it’s not uncommon for simulations to be used to emulate situations students have to be prepared for in their professional practice setting.

Less common is the use of high fidelity simulations (HFS) in nursing theory courses. In these courses, paperbased (i.e. written) care scenarios are typically utilized.

The disadvantage with written care scenarios is that they do not allow students the opportunity to apply new knowledge using a hands-on approach. Currently there is little research to support nursing programs and educators who wish to incorporate the use of HFS as an effective learning strategy in theoretical courses.

Mohawk Research Team Takes Simulation to School Recently, a research team at Mohawk College, in collaboration with McMaster University and Conestoga

College (see team members on article’s title page), took the challenge of finding data to support the use of HFS. This research is being done to help explore how we can enhance the transition between theoretical and professional nursing practice courses.

Through a series of focus groups, with approximately twenty Level 2 BScN students, the team explored student thoughts on their experiences with high fidelity simulated learning.

Now, rich with data from their study, the team is preparing to share their findings with the world of nursing academics. They recently presented at the International Simulation Conference, in Las Vegas, and the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing Conference, in Vancouver (June 2013). The research team is excited to be providing leadership in HFS use in nursing education.

Needless to say, the Nursing Program at Mohawk will be among the first to benefit from the new innovative approaches to learning that are inspired by this important research.

Bridging theory and practice with a hands-on approach

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PROJECT What Makes an Effective Teacher?

Student Voices Enlighten Us RESEARCH TEAM Nancy Matthew-Maich, RN, PhD, Professor Health Sciences Research & Innovation, Mohawk College Lynn Martin, RN, PhD, Associate Professor, McMaster University Carrie Mines, RN, PhD, Professor Nursing, Mohawk College Rosemary Ackerman-Rainville, RN, MEd, Professor, Nursing, Mohawk College Cynthia Hammond, RN, MEd, Professor, Nursing, Mohawk College Amy Palma, BSc, BScN, MHSc, RN, Assistant Professor, McMaster University Carmen Roche, RN, MSc(T), Professor, Nursing, Mohawk College Darlene Sheremet, RN, MEd, Professor, Nursing, Mohawk College Rose Stone, RN, MN, Professor, Nursing, Mohawk College Program Mohawk-McMaster BScN Program Funding PartneRS Nursing Education Research Unit (NERU), McMaster University Centre for Leadership and Learning (CLL), McMaster University

What Makes an Effective Teacher?

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Our Students Answer

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hen assessing education at any level, clearly, teacher effectiveness is a major consideration. An important voice in understanding this critical factor is that of the students in a given program. Students can provide insight into techniques, attributes and approaches that were, for them, the most effective. In this study we worked with students in the BScN (baccalaureate nursing) programs at Mohawk College and McMaster University to develop a model for collecting and utilizing student feedback to improve understanding of: • what makes an effective teacher at each level of the baccalaureate nursing program • what skills, attributes and strategies are used by an effective teacher, in both theoretical and clinical courses • what impact effective teaching has on student learning and the student experience at each level of the curriculum

How to best support learning with student nurses Nursing faculty are currently evolving their program to deliver a more person-centred approach that focuses

on problem-based learning, encourages collaborative and self-directed learning and offers small group learning opportunities. Students are in the best position to comment on teaching effectiveness in this renewed curriculum covering the 4 years of the BScN program. How would this baccalaureate program best provide the quality education experience that faculty were aiming for with the newly evolved curriculum? Nancy Matthew-Maich and the rest of the dedicated research team turned to the program’s students for insight and direction. A combination of survey and focus groups was employed for a broad student perspective.

We asked…

All BScN students at Mohawk College and McMaster University (approximately 1200) received an email inviting them to participate in an online survey. In the survey, they were asked to identify effective teaching methods in their nursing program. The survey was also made accessible through Facebook and Twitter.

Students were then invited to participate in focus groups to discuss what makes an effective teacher, and the impact of that teaching on their learning and student experience. In total, seven focus groups of 10 to 12 students each were conducted. To date,

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25 BScN students have also played an important and active role as co-researchers in this study.

Nursing faculty are currently evolving their program to deliver a more person-centred approach that focuses on problem-based learning, encourages collaborative and self-directed learning and offers small group learning opportunities.

They answered!

The survey enjoyed a 40% response rate. Survey and focus group data were evaluated using qualitative content analysis. Findings offer great promise and will be used to inform future teaching practices and faculty development initiatives. This study has the potential for important impact on both students and faculty in baccalaureate nursing programs. Findings, conclusions and recommendations will be shared at faculty meetings, student forums, educational and health care conferences, as well as through national and international journal publications. This research was presented at the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN) Conference in Vancouver, in June 2013 and also at the 24th International Networking for Healthcare Education Conference in Cambridge, England in September 2013.

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The conversation continues Based on student responses, the Five Ps of an Effective Tutor are: 1. Perceptive & responsive to student needs and contexts 2. Passionate & positive about nursing, teaching and the content being taught 3. Prepared, knowledgeable and experienced 4. Preparing students for success in nursing practice and the next level of program: • Having high and clear expectations • Being an actively engaged coach and role model • Providing ongoing, detailed feedback • Challenging students’ thinking 5. Professional & accountable Students were eager to share their perceptions of effective teaching and felt empowered to be able to discuss information which will contribute to the success of their studies. Faculty are eager to hear their students’ voices, and learn from them. They hope to optimize student experiences and enrich their educational journeys. The additional engagement of numerous students in the research process has made critical contributions to the success of this project. Students and faculty enjoyed a unique opportunity to collaborate in a meaningful and relevant research project together, be mentored by experienced researchers and consequently learn about and value the research process.

This is a very promising start on the road to creating highly effective teachers… with a little help from their students!

Feature interview

Mohawk in Orbit: A conversation.

Mohawk’s ties to the community are strengthened by collaborative projects. They fuel industry innovation, and provide amazing skill-building opportunities for students.

A recent partnership between Mohawk College, the Natural Resources of Canada’s CanMet Materials Laboratory in Hamilton, and space hardware manufacturer COM DEV International Ltd. illustrates a perfect example of how education, government and industry work together to great benefit.

This project, funded by FedDev Ontario’s Applied Research and Commercialization initiative, focused on finding a more time- and cost-efficient way to manufacture a satellite component to absorb heat produced by unwanted radio frequencies. The component is small, but the complexity and potential applications of the research are significant.

Continued next page

Mohawk student, Dimitrios Kotsakis, creates wax injections at CANMET facilities.

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Feature interview

Mohawk in Orbit: A conversation.

Dimitrios Kotsakis, a co-op student in Mohawk’s Quality Engineering Non Destructive Evaluation program discusses current research, accompanied by Peter Newcombe (supervisor of CanMet’s Experimental Casting Laboratory), Stew Deadman (Manager, Strategic Initiative, Mux Engineering, at COM DEV) and Mohawk Mechanical Engineering professors Brad Bowman and Robert Gerritsen.

Valerie Mitanoff: How was this project initiated?

Robert Gerritson: As a college, we’re interested in engaging industry-facing projects. We’ve been developing a relationship with CanMet for the past two years through applied research and courses that use CanMet’s facilities. It’s a phenomenal training resource for materials processing and performance testing.

Before this particular project, we went through a standard evaluation process to determine whether the project was a good fit: could students contribute?

Do participants have the talent and expertise?

Can the project be completed in a given timeframe?

The answers were all “yes”.

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and securing the ceramic insert into this device with an adhesive. They hope to avoid the need for glue, so the device will absorb energy more optimally.

If we can do that and reduce the manufacturing cost too, so much the better.

Brad: We experimented with different investment casting techniques, temperatures, materials, processes and so on. We’re working on a proof-of-concept but, ultimately, the results of this research must be scaled into an industry-friendly process.

VM: What is Mohawk’s role in the project?

Brad Bowman: This project is unique in that it’s a three-way partnership rather than a straight customersupplier relationship. We rely on CanMet for a lot of the technical expertise and resources – the casting laboratory, the equipment. Mohawk supplies the student, who gets a really great experience, and faculty expertise, too. COM DEV is the partner who will benefit directly from the research findings. We’re seeking a way to investment cast a COM DEV satellite part that was previously machined.

VM: Dimitrios, as the student doing the hands-on experimentation for this project at CanMet, could you describe how you went about developing a successful casting process?

Dimitrios Kotsakis: Investment casting is one of the oldest casting processes and involves many steps. First, we developed a way to cast a flawless wax replica of the metal component. The ceramic insert needed to be included in the process even during this stage. Then, we coated the wax form with a slurry made of ceramic granules. When the slurry dries, we melt the wax out and are left with a mold, where we pour the aluminum alloy to cast the part.

VM: Can you expand on the research you’re doing for this project?

Robert: One of COM DEV’s items is an attenuation device for microwaves transmitted to a satellite. If there should be a malfunction in the satellite, the microwaves must be dissipated. The attenuation device dissipates the energy and converts it to heat through a special ceramic insert within the metal housing. The component is a safety: you hope you’ll never use it, but when you need it, it had better work. COM DEV has had trouble placing

VM: How do you cast the aluminum?

Dimitrios: We put an aluminum ingot in CanMet’s induction furnace, which uses a really strong magnetic field to melt it. After melting the appropriate quantity of aluminum, it is poured into the ceramic mold. There are lots of safety precautions for this technology! After the aluminum cools, we break the mold and are left with the final cast product. The trick is to keep the ceramic insert in place without breaking it, during the whole process.

We came up with several new techniques.

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Canmet’s Peter Newcombe discusses the project with Mohawk student Dimitrios Kotsakis and faculty member Robert Gerritsen

VM: What stage are you at now?

What happens next?

Dimitrios: We’ve had some consistently good results with the process we developed. After the technique is confirmed, COM DEV will do environmental testing.

VM: How did you like working at CanMet? Dimitrios: I got to work with scientists every day.

They have a very high level of knowledge and they taught and advised me. I learned safety procedures and terminology, and made good contacts. I also experienced the whole investment casting process, which will help me in whatever foundry position I have next.

VM: What challenges did you encounter during this project and how did you address them?

Peter Newcombe: The casting technique used for this project is a viable one, but required us to push the commercially available products to their limits. We were really fortunate to have a good student who was able to persevere and develop the process parameters.

However, there is also a need for supporting technology, such as products for the casting industry, to enable techniques like the one we developed for COM DEV. We’ve identified some potential opportunities to work in those areas and expect to see this technique taken up by industry.

VM: What special concerns arise when choosing materials and developing components for use in space?

Stew Deadman: Any material or process used in commercial aerospace must be industry “qualified”.

Rigorous testing for all aspects of survivability approach the levels used in the medical industry. Commercial aerospace industry underwriters demand a very-nearzero probability of failure before anything is approved for use. It is an expensive and time-consuming process.

VM: What are the implications of this research for COM DEV? Can the research findings be used for other applications?

Stew: Commercial aerospace is now a truly global industry. Given this reality, there is always someone willing to push innovation, despite cost, to gain a competitive edge. It is imperative that COM DEV, as one of only a handful of Canadian aerospace manufacturers, stays an aggressive innovator.

This particular process answers the challenges of a globalized market by driving direct manufacturing costs of certain components down by some 60%.

The successful proof-of-concept has created several additional opportunities. Let’s see where they lead.

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A message from the Chief

Connections and Collaborations

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ollaboration is a critical component of success across the broad communities of education, not-for-profit and for profit organizations. Never quite the same in two situations, collaboration may refer to a long-term, strategic alliance or partnership or it may represent activities that are more direct and short-term in nature.

Regardless of the form, the success of individuals and organizations increasingly depends on the strength of collaborations.

Ted Scott Chief Innovation Officer

Applied research activities, by their very nature, inspire collaborations.

The benefits of these alliances include increased capacity, the sharing of risk and synergies that emerge from a greater scale of operations. It is often a consequence (even if unintended) that collaborations result in longer-term benefits such as increased levels of trust and awareness between organizations, inevitably leading to opportunities to grow and expand the operations of the participants. The relationships developed during collaborative work will often live, and yield benefits, long after the projects are completed. These relationships represent vital connections that may generate new opportunities and successful collaborative ventures in the future.

In this issue of Quanta, we profile many dimensions of collaboration and their successful outcomes here at Mohawk. The success of the iPad project, for instance, has enabled our students to achieve a more accessible and flexible learning experience at the college. The project tested the capacity of our Accessibility Services, The Centre for Teaching & Learning, IT, Communications and Retail services. The lessons learned and relationships developed by our students, staff and faculty will increase our capacity for innovation within the college in the months and years to come. And, all while setting new standards for cooperation and collaboration in our community.

Within our community we are engaging our students, staff and faculty in a wide variety of industry-oriented projects in the energy and health sectors. As our activities grow in these areas, our collaborations also expand, bringing new opportunities and exciting research endeavours such as the “Advanced Power Quality Lab” and the “Electronic Health Records challenge” initiatives. In both of these examples, relationships developed through prior collaborations with McMaster University. Numerous industry collaborators have also added their support to the development of these cutting edge projects.

Going forward, we are encouraged by the appetite and aptitude our students, faculty and staff have demonstrated for collaborative work in our community. They will continue to develop new professional competencies and leverage their communication skills (and these new relationships) to create solid value in our community. The investments we make in a new series of collaborative ventures will no doubt bring a host of valuable and engaging stories for our 2014 issue of Quanta.

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Gainfully unemployed for more than 5000 years.

(Welcome to The Bauhub.)

The Bauhub is a collective of marketing and communications freelancers who bring a combined five millennia of experience to work each day.

For strategy, creative, execution, development, media and more, imagine a team tailor-made for your needs.

Find out more at www.thebauhub.com

Lina Trillis: Graphic Design Student, Mohawk College, iDeaWORKS Co-op Student

Adam Carriere: Computer Systems Technology – Software Development Student, Mohawk College, iDeaWORKS Co-op Student

health technology entrepreneurship

Lina and Adam have obtained a wealth of experience through the iDeaWORKS program by creating effective web designs and iPhone applications for entrepreneurs in the school and community.

Find out what iDeaWORKS can do for you.

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MOHAWKCOLLEGE.CA/IDEAWORKS

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