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If one (lower) side

the ball is embossed and the other smooth then the flow is as shown below:

Cd0 =

Drag . of a smooth ball in low turbulence ...I!....D'V' 8 flow as a function of Reynolds number, Rd _ pVD -

where D is the ball diameter, p is the air density, V is the speed of the ball with respect to the air, and 11 is the viscosity of air. Below a Reynolds number of about 2x10' (subcritical flow) the drag coefficient gradually reduces to an asymptotic value of about 0.47. From about Rd = 2x10' to 6x10' (transcritical flow) the drag coefficient drops to about 0.15. Above Rd = 106 the drag remains roughly constant, although it does begin to rise again at aboutRcl = 10'. For a soccer ball the critical Reynolds number is exceeded at about 30 mph. It is important to note that both flow visualization and measurement of the surface pressures over a soccer ball has shown that the reason for the reduction in drag coefficient is that at the higher Reynolds numbers the air flow "adheres" to the surface of the sphere over a greater portion of the surface.

Such a flow shows that there will be "lift" force on the soccer ball in a direction away from the smooth side, i.e., the ball tends to curve. Further, if it were spinning·slowly the soccer ball would appear to jump, i.e., have lift for a short while and then stop. This same effect is the objective of the knuckle ball pitchers use in baseball. As already pointed out, both turbulence in the approaching air and the WIND CHANNEL on the surface of the BRINE soccer ball can reduce the critical Reynolds number. The air through which a typical soccer ball is kicked has little small scale turbulence and thus it is the WIND CHANNELING on the BRINE soccer ball that results in the decrease in critical .Reynolds number. Roughness, or embossing, on the order of KID = 10- 3 (where K is the embossing height and D the diameter of the ball) provides a significant reduction of the critical Reynolds number. The KID = 10- 3 embossing is less than the WIND CHANNELING on a BRINE soccer ball.

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COACH FOUNDER Dwight Keith PUBLISHER & EDITOR Jay H. Elliott ASSOCIATE EDITORS Dwight Keith Jay Reston Jean Sullivan Bill Williams ASSIST ANT EDITORS Tom D'Angelo Ken Gordon David Gould Mike Lang Steve Wilson SPORTS MEDICINE EDITOR Dr. Lyle Micheli NEW PRODUCTS EDITOR David Gould . MEDICAL ILLUSTRATOR Beth Ingraham CIRCULATION MANAGERS Ruth Richards William Upper DESIGN DIRECTOR David Merrill ART DIRECTOR Paul Doyle ASSISTANT ART DIRECTOR Elizabeth Bracken PRODUCTION Walter T. Brown ADVERTISING ASSISTANT Elizabeth Burna NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE The Flynn Group Jack Flynn P.O. Box675 46 W. A von Road Avon, CT06001 203-673-0300 ADVERTISING OFFICES IN Chicago Dave Kingwill (312) 675-5755 Detroit Doug Horst (313) 476-3757 Houston Jerry Ambroze (713) 780-3326 Los Angeles Bob Weeks (213) 872-2984 Philadelphia . Warren Smith (201) 221-0184 COACH & ATHLETE (ISSN 0009-9872) is published 7 times per year in August/September, October, November /December, January/February, March, April, May/June by COACH & ATHLETE Publishing Company Inc., P.O. Box 657, Needham, MA 02192. Subscription rates in U.S.A.: $15.00 one year, $28.00 twos years, $42.00 three years. Second dass Postage Paid at Boston, MA. Postmaster: Send address changes to: Editorial & Circulation Offices COACH & ATHLETE P.O. Box 657 Needham, MA 02192 617-449-5040 Contents © Copyright 198/ by COACH & ATHLETE

CIRCLE NO. 54 ON READER SERVICE CARD OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

Vol. 44 No.2

/ OCTOBER 1981

•.. ~

FOOTBALL 10 Gerry Faust: A Nice Guy Who Finished First

ADMINISTRATION 35 Madison A renue Goes To High School

SPDRTSMEDICINE 17 The Coach's Role In Medical Care

SPORTSMEDICINE 38 Taking It On The Shill

CONDITIONING

CONFRONTATION .

•'

23 Clash of the Whistle a~d Clipboard

41 Playing Tall With Pylons

STRENGTH TRAINING FOOTBALL 24 Power of the Press Interview With Dick Keelor ...

42 The Attitude Game By·Bo Schembechler With Ken Gordon

ADMINISTRATION 26 New Plays: The Giveaway and the Good Take

EXCLUSIVE 28 I Am Woman The NCAA and AlA W Draw Battle Lines

ADMINISTRATION 44 Finding Fans In Radioland

PHYSICAL E~UCATION 47 Keeping It Fun Cover photograph by Edward

SOCCER 31 Goalkeeper Training Made Easy

ADMINISTRATION 33 DMSO: Friend or. Foe?

COACH & ATHLETE

OCTOBER 1981

·Ballots; Jr.

DEPARTMENTS 7 7 9 36 37 48 50 51 52

Pub Letter Advisory· Board The Huddle Ad Index Catalog Catch News and Trends Coach & Athlete Spotlight Scouting the Market Classified

CO!CH

ADVISORY BOARD J. frank Broyles Director of Athletics University of Arkansas Bear Bryant Athletic Director, Head Football Coach University of Alabama Kenneth Cox Professor of Physical Education Lock Haven State College Carm Cozza Head Football Coach, Yale U. Otho Davis Director, Nat'l Athletic Trainers Assn. Vincent J. Dooley Athletic Director, Head Football Coach University of Georgia Kenneth German Commissioner, Southern Conference Wiles Hallock Exec. Director, Pacific 10 Con f. Marv Harshman President, National Association of Basketball Coaches Geor~e

E. Killian Executive Director National Junior College Athletic Assn. Bailey Marshall Assist. Dir., TX Interscholastic League larry McHugh President, National High School Athletic Coaches Association

PUBLETTER Like everything else in America that once seemed immune from the money crunch, college and high school athletics have become, irrevocably, the slave of the demon balance sheet. It is no secret today that inflation, high energy costs, and declining enrollment are pushing the price of athletic programs beyond the average school's reach. Money troubles now beset all but the largest and most winning of NCAA programs. Don Canham, the University of Michigan's promotion-minded athletic director, estimates that Michigan is one of no more than twenty or twenty-five universities whose sports programs pay their own way. For these schools, the autumn windfall of cash known as football season is back again, while the imminent prospect of pay-T.V. conjures up contracts that many expect will dwarf the 263 million dollars which the networks paid to the NCAA in 1981. Bob Devaney, athletic director at the University of Nebraska, has told ABC sportscaster Keith Jackson that, "To be honest, we really haven't felt any great money crunch. Football takes in around five million dollars and our program nets us a lot of money. It supports most of our other sports." Athletic administrators who once dreamed of owning the Cornhusker playbook now long to wield Nebraska's checkbook. In fact, there is plenty that they can do on their own to increase revenues. By following proven promotion and fund raising programs, athletic departments can find their way back into black ink. No athletic director likes to play catch-up ball, but for most it is the only game in town. The bottom line is that an athletic department must be run like a business. Russ Potts, former athletic director at Southern Methodist University, says, "for the 1980's, every college and high school, regardless of size or level of competition, has to hire a professional fund raiser." (See Coach & Athlete, August/September, p. 26, for the complete article.) Athletic departments have no choice but to act for themselves. The sooner they begin aggressive fund raising, and creative promotions, the sooner the money cruncl;l will be eased. According to Potts, "Participation in athletics is not a right, it's a privilege." Find your money tree and shake it.

Boyd McWhorter Commissioner, Southeastern Conference William D. Murray Executive Director American Football Coaches Association Albert Negratti Director of Athletics, St. Norbert College George Raveling Basketball Coach, Wash. State U. Homer C. Rice Director of Athletics, Georgia Tech Cliff Speegle Commissioner, Southwest Athletic Conf. Joseph R. VanCisin Executive Director National Association of Basketball Coaches of the United States leRoy T. Walker President, National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics

Jay H. Elliott Publisher

Robert M. Whitelaw Commissioner Eastern Coli. Athletic Conf. Bob Woodruff Director of Athletics University of Tennessee

OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE 7

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THE HUDDLE A House Divided The importance of unity was demonstrated by the man who had seven sons who often fought among themselves. The father bound together seven small sticks and challenged each Dwight Keith of his sons to break them. Each in turn tried hard but could not break the bundle of sticks. The father then untied the bundle and demonstrated how easy it was to break the sticks-one by one. We need in our nation today a sense of unity. As Benjamin Franklin said at the signing of the Declaration of Independence, "We must all hang together or we will hang separately.'' In recent years we have seen our people divided in so many ways: black and white, labor and management, rich and poor, the old and the young, etc. We have seen division in some schools between sports or between coaches and administrators. We now have the prospect of having two national associations of high school coaches, both with the same goals: improved coaching, promotion of high school athletics and the development of our youth. These goals can best be attained by one strong association rather than two, which would result in a schism in some areas of the athletic community. There are good men in both groups and we hope they will combine their forces and concentrate their effort toward a common goal. Coach-Player Relationship An orchid to the coaches! They must maintain discipline and at the same time demonstrate a genuine interest in the welfare of their players. A typical example is that of Coach Jerry Stovall at LSU. He has five rules for

his football team: (1) use no drugs; (2) eat three meals a day, five days a week at the athletic department dining hall; (3) attend class; (4) observe curfew (midnight during the season, 2:00a.m. afterward); (5) don't do anything to embarrass LSU or the community from which you come. Stovall's discipline extends also to his coaching staff. No cursing on the practice field; no abuse of players, verbally or physically; no cheating. Nor is an alumnus authorized to visit a prospect without permission from the head coach. College coaches must take groups of players from different areas, various social backgrounds and different ideas

of acceptable behavior and bring them together under one code of conduct. They deserve credit for the great job they do in this regard. Though they must be firm, the players come to know that ''Coach'' is interested in their welfare on and off the field, in and out of season, on and off campus, during and after their college days. 0

Dwight Keith is Founder of COACH & ATHLETE and currently serves as Associate Editor. He was also founder of the National High School Athletic Coaches Association and serves as manager of the Coach of the Year Football Clinics sponsored by Champion.

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COACH & ATHLETE

GERRY FAUST

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By Ken Gordon Parents love him. Players adore him. Coaches respect him and the athletic community at the premier Catholic university in the nation is thrilled to have him. The story of Gerry Faust, who jumped one day last November from the ranks of high school coach to manning a position once held by Knute Rockne, is a story of a nice guy who finished first. It is a story which proves that successful coaches don't have to choose between being liked and being respected. The only thing wrong with Gerry Faust is that you just can't find anyone who will say anything derogatory about him. "Why should you?" observed Notre Dame sports information director Roger Valdiserri. "There's just nothing bad about the man." When the University of Notre Dame hired the most successful high school coach in the nation to fill its head football coaching position, it found a man who some call the embodiment of the perfect· sportsman, even a perfect gentleman: "First, we wanted someone at Notre Dame with the ability to win," said Irish athletic director Gene Corrigan. "But the reason Gerry is here is for his personal qualities·. After you meet some of the meri who played on his teams, you get the idea. He knows exactly what he is. He knows where he's from and where he is. Since he came here, Gerty Faust hasn't changed one bft." Faust· isn't· just any high school coach. Faust built the football program at Moeller High of Cincinnati from ·nothing eighteen years ago to the classiest and most successful one in the nation.

Look at the win column·at Moeller, and you'll be hard pressed to find a final total in the single digits. Look at the L's, you'll never find a number greater than three. His record is an astonishing 174-17-2. That averages· out to 9.667 wins and 0.944 losses a year. Not bad, considering that · his first team begged and borrowed for its uniforms. Moeller won the state championship five times, the city championship 10 of the past 12 years and the regional crown eight of the last 10. It won the mythical national championship four of the last five years. It is currently riding a 33-game win streak and captured 70 of its past 71 contests. ·"There are many reasons for Gerry Faust's success," said Mike Cameron, who replaced Faust as athletic director at Moeller this year and remains an as~ sistant· football coach after. working for 14 years with Faust. "The first is his complete dedication; the second is his concern for people. ·"He was a great ·model for me," said Cameron. "He would never ·ask you to do something unless he would do that something plus. If )le wants you to be at school at 7 a.m., he'll be there at 6:00. No job is ·too little. He'd pick up anything that needed to be done. You never felt he was demeaning you with a little job. "By the end of practice sometimes we'd start dragging," said Cameron. "But then we'd look over .and see Gerry and he'd still be doing more. It was ·an· emotional recharge. Gerry gave 100 percent all year, and that's important. The concern's got to be there. If something went wrong, Gerry knew about it. If a kid was hurt or if a kid was down ori his grades, he was there.

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That's one key to his success-dedication to the program. The kids could just sit and talk to Gerry. That's the way he wanted it to be. He used discipline, but he was very close to all his players. One minute he'd be screaming at a kid, and the next they would be walking arm in arm across the field." "I think it is important for the coach to spend time with the players,'' said Faust. "You must be willing to sit down with them once in a while and shoot the bull. I would go in [at Moeller] and get a drink of water or a Coke or something and then go back into the dressing room and talk with the kids. You would be amazed what you can find out about them." "I want to be their friend at Notre Dame the same as at Moeller," Faust said. One thing Corrigan and the rest of the Notre Dame staff found out is that Faust is still the man he hired and those philosophies are just as important to him in South Bend. "I haven't changed my philosophy at all as far as working with young men. It's really not much different from coaching in high school. You still have to work on the personal touch. You have to be yourself. If you try to change and be someone else, the kids will fmd out. Kids are very perceptive." One of the more famous members of the Faust fan club will attest to that: "He's so dedicated and true. What you see is Gerry Faust. People can see right through counterfeit, but that's not him. He cares," said Steve Sylvester, one of

Faust's more successful alumni. Sylvester went on from Moeller, class of 1972, to a starting guard spot at Notre Dame and has spent the past eight years on the offensive line of the world champion Oakland Raiders. "I don't think there are many human beings like this man," said Sylvester. "I know there aren't many coaches like him. In the future you're going to see some great teams from Notre Dame." Even though Sylvester has taken his football abilities the farthest among Faust's Moeller charges-Faust helped 250 players earn football scholarships to college-it would be hard to say it's his most rewarding. Faust's priorities are with the kids he coaches, and seeing them mature seems to be where he finds his happiness. "At Moeller I wanted to help the kids decide about college," he said. "Here I am helping them make decisions about life." "He's not so much interested in winning, he's interested in developing each person involved in winning," said Harry Oliver, a Moeller product who entered his senior season at Notre Dame as the top returning field-goal kicker in the nation. "He actually coaches with a sense of mission. He's really here to serve others, to try to help kids along the right path, and I think one of the reasons for his success is that we want to repay him. "As soon as he got here last spring he immediately tried to improve things for us. He improved the food, for one

thing. He renovated the weight room and got us new uniforms. He really is making it more of a class organization and the players are going out of their way to repay him," said Oliver. "If a fellow who played for him years ago came up to him he probably would still know his name-he'd even remember the guy's family. That way he really gets the most from his players." Cameron didn't have trouble matching those compliments from his Moeller football office. "He always thought there was good in kids. He thought if something went bad, it was something wrong in a kid's environment or guidance. He figured if you could change that, he'd be alright. A lot of times parents would bring their kids to Moeller just for that reason. "He gets involved," said Cameron. "He's a real people's person. He loves people and he loves to be around them. He gets to know each player's family. It's amazing how much he would know about each player's family." And the feeling was genuine. Gerry Faust never helped a person because he thought it would help him win or would look good in a magazine story. "My memories of him are so personal," said Cameron. "I can remember an incident involving my father. Gerry was close to my father. When he developed cancer, Gerry would visit him at the hospital all the time. Then my father took a turn for the worse. I called Gerry at about 10:30 one night and told him it looked like this was going to be it. Gerry was busy with speak-

12 COACH & ATHLETE OCTOBER 1981

Frank Leahy, 1941-1943 1946-1953

ing engagements and with the team, but he said 'I'm coming.' Ten minutes later he was there. You have to imagine the scene. All of us in the hospital room, and then there was Gerry. "My father was never baptised a Catholic, and Gerry would talk to him about that. Well, when he came there were ten of us in the room and he moved us all out to talk to him. We figured he'd try one last time to baptise him. We laughed about it. Well, we thought the laugh was on us when Gerry came out five minutes later and got a cup of water from the drinking fountain. As it turned out my father just wanted a drink of water, but that was Gerry for you. If anyone could have talked him into it ... ''All someone has to do is call with a problem," Cameron said. "He may be sitting home watching television on one of his few nights off, but if someone is in trouble, off he goes. Once, after a friend's store was wiped out by a tornado, we went out to help pick up the pieces. That was on his anniversary. Since he's been at Notre Dame, I've already heard that people have approached him with their marital problems. People just feel they can talk to him. "You don't find too many people who can do that," he said. "I wish I could. He's so sincere about it." "He had a lot of his assistants staying with him for a long time," said Cameron. "That says something. Like the rest, I had offers to become a head coach at other schools, but I wanted to stay with Gerry. We all did." Faust disciplines his players, but it is

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OCTOBER 1981

obvious he really doesn't like to do it. "I only had to discipline two kids at Moeller, and I don't expect to have to do it here," he said. One of this year's co-captains, Phil Carter, said, "Faust will discipline you, but he'll explain what he wants in advance. We already know what will get him upset." "You should never destroy your team by punishing the individuals," said Faust to a group of high school coaches at a Coach of the Year banquet. "You can't let the number one player get by with something that you would punish the 76th player for. Before you hand out the punishment you should sit down and analyze it lest you hurt the team. You can destroy your football team by overpunishing your great ballplayers. "But you have to follow through on the punishments you give," he said. "Players will laugh about. it if you don't. In some cases we have allowed the team to make some decisions in this area. You have to be hard-nosed, but you also have to have feeling. You have to do what is best for those kids. You have to put yourself in their situation, and you feel sorry for them, but you do what .is best for the kid. As long as you do what is best for the kid, you can't be wrong. Many times I have wanted to tell them to go in and forget running laps, but we didn't because that is not what is bestÂˇ for the kids. Those kids must be in shape for their own good or they will get hurt." . "On any level you don't overwork," he said recently. "The only difference is maturity. You have to handle kids a little differently than these athletes, but I still kid around. With these guys I just kid around a little differently." ''A key to coaching is being able to relate to people, and to be a good teacher. But, teaching is coaching so you have to do that," he said. "One important recommendation I'd give a high school coach is to be himself and not mold himself after anyone. He has to follow his feelings and use his own method. The second thing is not to let goals stand in the way of kids. Just help the .kids become better people. Treat them right and they'll treat you right," Faust said. If you trust Faust's tactics, you won't be alone. Already impressed with the way he's handled the team is a coach who's been there before, former Irish helmsman Dan Devine. "He's inherited a super bunch of kids, and I

think he'll find success with them," he said. "Gerry knows the importance of good character. The fact that he commented about this team's character right away led me to believe he thinks like I do. He's lined up his personnel just the way I would have." "The first day of spring practice he sat us down and told us he was going to treat us like his sons," said Oliver, who booted a 51-yard field goal at the firia:l buzzer to beat Michigan last year. "And he does." The players and coaches aren't the only ones whotook Faust's acceptance at Notre Dame so delightfully. "I was more than thrilled to find out he'd be back with my son," said Laura Hunter, mother of one of the best junior wing backs in the nation, Tony Hunter. "The first day Tony went to Moeller I sat down and listened to him talk. He didn't tell my son he was a great football player or anything. He said, 'If you're willing to make it, I'm willing to help.' He explained it would be a lot of work. Tony just adored him. "Tony's younger brother Frank was a good football player too," added Mrs. Hunter, "but he was a little lax with the grades. Gerry didn't care how good he was; he cut him from the team and said he'd have to hit the books. I love him for that. Throughout his high school years, Gerry would be interested to find out how Frank was doing. When it came time for him to graduate, he told Frank he wanted him to go to college. He's going to Southern Illinois." Says Faust, "At any level you set goals, but. you allow the kids to set those goals. The young men at Notre Dame are very goal oriented, so I've had no trouble with that." But you think about it, and it shouldn't really be that easy. Even Devine, the coach with the second most winning record in college football (next to Alabama's Bear Bryant) had trouble with the pressure of the Notre Dame job. "I like this. Notre Dame is like Moeller, which is also a Catholic boys' school. I want to stay in that atmosphere," said Faust. "He really loves this place," said Carrig~, who succeeded Ed "Moose" Krase as Notre Dame's Athletic Director last year. "He's dreamed of coaching here always. But he's not acting like he's fulfilling a dream; he's acting like he's beginning one." "When I was offered the job at Notre

Dame I was very honored," said Faust. "But I was so busy I really didn't have time to sit down and think about it. It came just · after we won the state championship. I never sat down and thought it was that big of a deal to move from high school to college." Faust never thought about it because he's not afraid. Even though he's filling the shoes of Devine (53-15-1 in six years at Notre Dame and 173-55-9 in 21 years at three colleges), no one is looking back. With support from the friends he's got, he just can't worry. ·"I don't think there's a better person for Notre Dame than him," said Sylvester, his Super Bowl ring glowing in the California sun. "I think it's just fantastic that he's here," said Oliver, who was a prime benefactor of the importance Faust placed on kicking at Moeller. ''I feel that he was made for the school. He's going to fit in perfectly. One day at spring practice a photographer had all the former Moeller players on the team (there are nine of them) pose with Gerry. Gerry told us, 'Okay, now, Moeller's in the past. We're all at Notre Dame now.' He's ready to start a new era. I think he'll find so much success. I've always felt that way. I felt Notre Dame would grab him sooner or later. I was shocked when coach Devine quit, but once he did I was hoping this could happen." "Everybody knew he had a special love for Notre Dame," said Cameron, who took over the Moeller Athletic Director spot from Faust. "He'd encourage a lot of players to go there. He wouldn't pressure them, but whenever he talked about it he had a special twinkle in his eye. He'd say 'If only I could that would be the place.' "Moeller is like Notre Dame. It's got a lot of spirit, it's Catholic and it is run first class." · Moeller does have a lot of spirit. Not only does it pack more fans in to see its games than most colleges-a playoff game with neighboring Princeton High last year drew 30,000- Moeller plays one of the toughest schedules of any high school. Not only does it face the Cincinnati city schools, it fills its openings with the best teams from states like New York, Texas, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Washington, D.C. All were wins. The closest was 30-13 over Pittsburgh Penn Hills in 1979. It would be poetic to say it wasn't always like that, but it was. Moeller's first team finished 9-1 and won the City

title. The next year it was 8-2 and in 1965 it enjoyed its first of seven unbeaten seasons, this one after 10 games. What wasn't always like that was the amenities. "We had to raise all our own money for expenses and we had to get the backing of the administration," said Faust. "We raised the money by selling the program and through the gate receipts. We had to build our team to the point it was at last year. In the beginning we were probably worse off than most schools. We got old helmets from nearby colleges and high schools and painted them oursel.ves. We

bought jerseys from a college for $2 each. They weren't even our school's colors. Our pants were all different. But every year we added a little more." Faust can talk for hours about his time in high school. Although he says this is the future, he'll always value his days at Moeller. "High school coaches are the backbone of football. "I've already enjoyed recruiting a lot. I've met a lot of great people. I can relate to the high school coaches I meet because they know I'm one of their people. That helps the recruiting. There are a lot of great high school coaches

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COACH & ATHLETE

Faust and Backhus, who was Faust's first All-America, worked for two years as offensive coordinator at Air Force. They will join four veteran Irish assistants and three other newcomers. Faust is confident that with 39 returning lettermen, most in the skill positions, he'll have a good season, although his schedule is doing its best to threaten that. He opens with Louisiana State, then plays Michigan, Purdue, Michigan State, Florida State and Southern California. He said he'll stick with a 4-3 defense and a wide open offense, much the same as he used at Moeller. But he knows that's not much different than what other coaches use. Gerry Faust does it with more feeling, with more enthusiasm. It

"He'll get in and call every play in practice." said Carter, a Fighting Irish halfback. "Not even my high school coach did that. When we got here he set up personal appointments with every player, walk-ons and scholarship recipients as well." "I feel we will have a good team," Carter said. "He will be sucessful." Carter shares that sentiment with all Faust's players. All 1400 or so through the years. All who wanted to be successes for him. D KEN GORDON is an Assislanl Editor.

Quarterback Blair Kiel (above) hopes to play a dominant role in leading Notre PHOTO BY PETER G. ROMZICK Dame's outstanding crop of freshmen.

behind us." One of them is Bacigalupo, who has the horrendous task of replacing a hero at Moeller. "At Moeller, the big thing for us to do is just carry on this tradition," said Cameron. "He [Faust] left a lot of pride behind him. We want this to continue. I'll be following his guidelines, because he's the only man I've ever worked for and he's responsible for all my ideas," Cameron said. "But we just don't have the charisma Gerry has. "Only one guy can do the things Gerry does, but his philosophy will live on. We feel we've developed a lot of talent together, and Gerry was quick to praise his assistants' role in this." Faust took only one Moeller assistant with him to South Bend. Jim Higgins and Tom Backhus will coach the offensive line. Higgins spent seven years at the Cincinnati school assisting 16 COACH & ATHLETE OCTOBER 1981

Notre Dame's Best Crop Gerry Faust recruited the best crop of freshman players in the nation, according to The Blue Chip Bureau in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Of the 26 freshman football players who signed letters-of-intent to attend Notre Dame this fall, 16 were regarded as "can't-miss" prospects by the bureau. Of those 16, at least three were considered "franchise" players who have the potential to tum a program around. The Blue Chip Bureau annually evaluates the national college recruiting, feeding data on 5000 players into a computer and assigning each player a performance value. Based on that criteria, Notre Dame came out first, followed, in order, by Michigan, Oklahoma, Southern Cali-

fornia, Stanford, Texas, UCLA, Florida State, Florida and Alabama. "On paper, this is the best group of recruits we've had here at Notre Dame since we went on the 3D-scholarship (per-year) limit," said assistant coach Brian Boulac. "It doesn't look like we have a weakness." Michigan, Southern California, Oklahoma, Stanford, and Florida State were the only other schools to recruit as many as three franchise players. Notre Dame freshman players considered in the franchise category are defensive tackle Mike Golic of Cleveland, brother of former Irish AllAmerican line-backer Bob Golic (now with the Patriots): fullback Mark Brooks of Cincinnati; and tailback Chris Smith, also of Cincinnati.

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SPORTSMEDICINE The Coach's Role In Medical Care Part I By Philip Hage and Mike Moore

The stereotype of the high school athletic coach has changed little over the years. As often as not, he is an ex-jock teacher who takes in a little extra pay to do a lot of extra work. But several trends are forcing closer scrutiny of coaches, their responsibilities, and their training. 1. Increased participation in high school athletic programs. Nearly 3.52 million boys and 1.63 million girls participated in high school interscholastic sports during the 1979-80 school year, with football, basketball, and track and field each having close to a million participants.

2. Pressure from school administrators, parents, and medical professionals to reduce the rate of injury and improve medical care for high school sports. 3. Court decisions that have increased the vulnerability of school districts to liability lawsuits from sports injuries. 4. Smaller school district budgets that have forced athletic programs to operate under less than ideal conditions, even though most authorities agree that athletes in practice and games should be supervised by a physician, ministered to by a certified trainer, coached by a certified coach, and served by a paramedic ambulance squad.

The problem centers on recognition and emergency care of injuries, and the coach becomes an everything man, responsible to athletes, parents, and administrators for producing winning teams; teaching proper techniques; and keeping athletes healthy and injury-free in the process. Why? Because it is the coach, and only the coach, who is with the players before, during and after both practices and games. Even if every high school had a trainer, "The trainer can't be everywhere," says H. Bates Noble, MD, director of the Center for Sports Medi• cine at Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago. "Besides, the OCfOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

· . .-:

tion of a first-aid course and previous -a x coaching experience.

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Survey of States

One problem when discussing coaching qualifications is semantics-states bz"' use different words to describe the same procedure: certification, endorsement, licensure. And although a state may require certification for a coach, the actual requirements may be decided by individual school districts who desperately need coaches to field teams. To gain an idea of the differences in coaching qualifications and the problems involved in certifying coachs, THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE MAGAZINE asked McGraw-Hill World News correspondents in California, Texas, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee to interview administrators, coaches, and educators in their respective states. :>:l

I I

coaches have to deal with injuries all the time. They should be sensitized to the idea of injury."

Inadequate Care Noble and his associates conducted a study of athletic care at 191 Chicagoarea high schools in 1979. 2 They found that 4207u had a physician attending games and 75% did not have a full-time trainer. In 80% of the schools the coach provided on-field care of injuries, and in 60% of the schools the coach also decided if an injured athlete should return to competition. The magnitude of the injury problem has been studied by many researchers. James Garrick, MD, who studied Seattle high school athletes over a four-year period, has called it an "epidemic." The injury rate among football players and wrestlers in his study was 81 and 75 per 100 participants, the highest of 19 interscholastic sports surveyed in Seattle from 1973 to 1975. Redfearn found that most coaches in 216 high school surveyed are providing initial emergency medical care for injured athletes, and concluded that high school athletes in 704 Michigan secondary schools are receiving 18

COACH & ATHLETE

OCTOBER 1981

medical advice from unqualified and unlicensed persons. A study of 259 high school head football coaches in Texas revealed that 67% thought that upon graduation from college they were not prepared to prevent or deal with athletic injuries, and 77% favored a special endorsement on a coach's teaching certificate for such training. The concept of certifying a coach in emergency medical care techniques is not new. The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) recommended in 1968 that coaches complete collegelevel courses in the medical, sociological, psychological, and theoretical aspects of coaching as well as study the kinesiology and physiology of athletic performance. These standards were revised in 1973 and are being revised again, but only eight states (Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, and Wyoming) now require that coaches have requirements beyond a teaching certificate, 7 and those requirements range from a teaching certificate in physical education, to 12 credit hours in areas of expertise similar to those proposed by AAHPERD, to comple-

California: There are three different types of coaches in California: certified teachers with physical education majors whose college course work included care and prevention of athletic injuries; certified teachers with no physical education backgrounds who make up about half of the high school coaches; and "walkon" coaches who are not certified teachers and may or may not be employees of the district, but who are "knowledgeable and competent" in first-aid and emergency procedures, coaching techniques, and adolescent psychology. A bill requiring special certification for coaches of football, basketball, field hockey, gymnastics, and wrestling was defeated in the legislature in 1978. Texas: The Texas Coaches Association lobbied for three years for a law that would create a coaching endorsement requiring 15 semester hours in athletic care techniques, but interest waned in light of the highly organized Texas Athletic Trainers Association and a stringent licensing law for trainers. "That (proposed legislation) had to do with their job status rather than emergency medical care," says Logan Wood, ATC, chief trainer for the Houston public schools, the largest independent school district in Texas that also has five full-time licensed trainers. "As far as trainer-type certification for coaches is concerned, there is no need," Wood says. Coaches in Houston take first-aid courses and attend

seminars conducted by licensed trainers and physicians, but because they function primarily as educators they are exempt from the state's licensing law for trainers. Follow-up care of athletic injuries must be provided by a licensed trainer or physical therapist. Illinois: Despite the current lack of a requirement beyond a teaching certificate for coaches, there is strong support from the Illinois chapter of AAHPERD and the state coaches' association for legislation that would require at least 14 semester hours of training for coaches. College graduates could attend college workshops as determined by individual school districts, but they would have to complete the courses before they could apply for a coaching position. "I see (the standard) as meeting academic preparation standards," commented William Buckellew, coordinator of graduate studies in health, physical education, and recreation at Eastern Illinois University in Charleston. "Certification is not. a good term for this proposal because that implied teacher licensure. It will be called a 'minimal standard of academic preparation' and that is all it really is-not the desired standard, just the minimum standard." Michigan: The state legislature has not considered a bill requiring coaching certification and will not in the near future. Coaches must be at least 18 years old, but their competence is decided by individual school districts. Most districts require coaches to attend athletic trainer workshops for training in the care and prevention of injuries and emergency medical techniques. But in some districts up to 300Jo of the coaches are noncertified walk-ons. "Coaching certification is simply one of those issues that hasn't become paramount yet, but we all recognize its importance," said Robert R. Luby, divisional director for health, physical education, and safety in the Detroit public schools. Ohio: Beginning in 1983, teachers will have to meet one of three standards to qualify to coach: a 16 semester-hour certificate in the care of athletic injuries from an approved college or university, a course on the health and safety of athletes in a specific sport, or a sports-related first-aid course. All coaches must also attend at least one athletic training seminar annually that reviews heat injury and prevention, emergency treatment, and

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rehabilitation of injuries. Individual school districts will have the responsibility to ensure that coaches meet the requirements. Tennessee: Physical education majors are required to pass a three-credit course in health and safety but there is no certification procedure in effect or being planned. But Johnny Miller, director of sports at Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, says, ''I feel very strongly that high school coaches need some kind of certification, at least more than they have now. At the university we treat 90% of the injuries to the athletes in the surrounding area. What is happening in an area where a university trainer is not available? If a trainer or certified coach were available, some of the kids wouldn't have to go through life suffering fro~ an injured knee" or other debilitating injury. I'm for requiring some training so that coaches at least know how to handle heat exhaustion, bruises, and sprains," h_e said, "Most of our coaches have had a course in safety and first aid;'' says James Gumm, director of health, physical education, and safety for the Tennessee department of physical educac tion. "Of course, it might have been 40 years ago when they had it, because we don't certify coaches and don't know whether they have had adequate current training or not. It would be interesting to do a survey sometime."

Complex Debate If the debate could be reduced to whether . high school athletes would benefit if their coaches had emergency medical training, the answer would be resoundingly affirmative. But there are a variety of issues that make the debate much more complex-issues that reflect an era of dimininished resources in secondary school sports The diversity of those issues is reflected in California, where school systems are becoming victims of their own success in promoting interscholastic sports. They are scrambling to meet federal Title IX guidelines that require equal sports facilities and opportunities for girls and boys and have nearly doubled the demand for coaches. At the same time, schools are facing declining enrollments, cuts in property taxes that .support local schpol districts, and newly assertive teachers who are resisting administrative pressure to coach. 0

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"One of the prominent problems in California high school sports is that we just can't get enough coaches," says Jack Capon, coordinator of physical education in the Alameda Unified School District. "It's difficult to bring in new teachers willing to coach because the declining enrollments have prevented school districts from having positions to offer. It would be pretty tough to require coaches to function as athletic trainers-that would probably eliminate all our coaches." Indiana faces the same problems, according to Ward E. Brown, director of the Indiana State High School Athletic Association for the past 12 years. "With the current status of teacher negotiations, many of our coaches are being tenured and deciding that they are burned out on coaching, so they quit coaching but stay on as teachers. We've had to bite the bullet and face the reality that all we can do is ask schools to exhaust all the possibilities for qualified coaches on their staffs. Six years ago we had to start 1etting principals request an emergency coach by filling out a form listing the person's qualifications; they are usually qualified teachers without jobs or other occupations. Five years ago we had about 50 emergency coaches in the state; this year we have almost 500 emergency coaches in our 490 member schools.'' California also permits the use of emergency walk-on coaches, and to bridge the gap in athletic training expertise, some districts contract with ambulance companies that provide certified athletic trainers or paramedics for pregame taping, checks of equipment and padding, and injury evaluation and emergency medical care during games, as well as follow-up care and rehabilitation services.

Compensating Coaches If California and Indiana serve as models, coaching certification could be disastrous in states like Texas, where there were I ,200 coaching vacancies last year. For some teacher/coaches a mandatory requirement for competence may be the final straw. Aldo H. Nelson, a physical education consultant and director of the Oakland (California) Athletic League, says: "When you compare the time invested in coaching duties with the payment received, how can you expect coaches to take the courses? But Donald Robinson, assistant executive secretary of the Illinois State High School Associ-

ation, is more sanguine. "I don't think that a certification requirement would make it more difficult to attract or keep coaches. I think ir would be readily accepted, especially in football, basketball, and other contact sports where it is really needed." Ed Scantling, a physical education teacher who coaches football and wrestling for Clear Lake High School in Lakeport, California, and is trained in emergency first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and athletic training, estimates that he makes about 50 cents an hour for the time he spends coaching. "If a coach wants to be a good coach, he's got to have that kind of training, but it would be much easier for me to just get a part-time job if I were looking at it from the money angle," he says. Scantling has had to provide initial medical care for a compound fracture in football and two fractured clavicles and a broken hand in wrestling. "You really put your career on the line each time you walk out on the field. It's a good feeling to have some training behind you so you know if you're doing the right thing. Some day you may be in a situation where you have to save a kid's life."

In our next issue, read about the politics, legal liability, and game versus practice situations in the "Coach's Role In Medical Care.,, Reprinted from The Physician and Sportsmedicine, a McGraw-Hill Publication.

References 1 . National Federation of State High School Associations, 1981 survey 2.Porter M, Noble HB, Bachman DC, et al: Sportsmedicine care in Chicago-area high schools. Phys Sportsmed 8:95-99, February 1980 3 .Garrick JG, Requa R: Medical care and injury surveillance in the high school setting. Phys Sportsmed 9:115-120, February 1981 4.Redfearn RW: Are high school athletes getting good health care? Phys Sportsmed 3:34-39, 1975 5 .Redfearn RW: The physician's role in school sports programs. Phys Sportsmed 8:67-71, 1980 6.Schatzle W: A question of professional preparedness. Texas Coach, January 1980, p 19 7 .Noble L, Sigle G: Minimum requirements for interscholastic coaches. JOPER 51:32-33, November-December 1980 8 .Bailey FL: Coach's Liability: The coach's day in court. Coach and Athlete, March 1981, pp 14-18

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CONFRONTATION. Clash Of The Whistle

By David Seybold Ever since someone said there should be coaches and officials in organized sports, things have never been quite the same. When a game begins, two games are actually being played-one involving the athletes and another which pits coaches against officials. A coach sees his or her team losing a close game and bad officiating is blamed for the loss. The officals, however, only see the foul and not the name of the team. And for the officials, who are popular, at best, with only half of those in attendance, the abuse and humiliation thrown at them from the sidelines is often extreme. Ms. Betty Harris, a coach and official at Longwood College in Virginia, has listed below certain of the qualities of a good official which help to create as harmonious a relationship beween coach and official as can be expected. Knowledge of Rules: If an official is going to allow the rules of the game to . provide its direction, they must be intelligently and thoroughly understood. The official must be concerned with the effect of the foul and not merely with the fact that a foul has been committed. Conditioning: Being in good mental and physical condition, able to keep up with the play, and being in the right position to make the right call are major considerations. With the pace of

today's games, physical training for officials is a must. Judgment: What an official calls depends on his or her knowledge of the rules, understanding of the game, and past experience. Players and coaches alike are always trying to influence an official's judgment. In this light, officials must be as objective as possible so that coaches and teams understand the framework from which officials are working. Coaches and teams must believe that the official is doing what is best for all concerned. Consistency: The number one complaint from coaches is that many officials are not consistent in their calls. It is an overwhelming task for officials to be consistent, but it is also the most important quality they can bring to a game. No two competitive situations are the same: teams and games differ in intensity, strategy, types of offense and defense, skill level, etc. All of these factors have an impact on how a game is officiated. Using proper judgment and intelligent rule interpretation can help bring about consistency. There are, of course, other important aspects to being a good official. A sense of humor, the ability to establish a rapport with players and coaches, maintaining a professional manner with players and coaches, and being

decisive are important qualities, as are emotions and maintaining poise under fire. Finally, an official should always remember that athletic contests are governed by the abilities of the athletes and the game rules. From the official's perspective, a coach should demonstrate many of the same strengths he or she is expected to bring to a game. A sound knowledge of the rules makes the official's job a lot easier. This is an aspect of a coach's ability that the official looks for almost right away. The more knowledge of a game's rules a coach has, the better he or she will understand an official's calls, resulting in a smoother game. 0

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COACH & ATHLETE

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STRENGTH TRAINING Power of the Press Interview with Dick Keeler himself as an educator and coach in the California Public Schools, where he was named California Athletic Director of the Year and named by the Los Angeles Times as Coach of the Year. A foremost authority on strength training, Dr. Keelor agreed to share his opinions on conditioning with Coach & Athlete.

. '.

Dick Keelor I I

Before joining the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports in 1971, Dr. Richard "Dick" Keelor distinguished 24

COACH & ATHLETE

OCTOBER !981

C&A: Do you have any general thoughts about the status of weight training in the nation's high schools? DK: Generally, I'm encouraged about what I see going on in our schools. I would like to see more emphasis placed on the underdeveloped student because I think that is where the greatest payoff can be found. Many kids don't physically mature until they are nineteen or twenty years of age. Consequently, when they are trying to compete in high school they simply don't have the physical strength to realize their potential. Weight training is the one alternative available. Many times high school coaches seem to focus their attentions on the kid who is already pretty strong and is achieving a relatively high level of performance. While these individuals can receive some benefits, they are often the hardest to motivate. As I talk to high school coaches about their strength training programs, I think there is too much concern over what machine or what piece of equipment is going to produce the best results. We still seem to be looking for the short cut or the magic method. I believe that the magic is not in the machine but rather in motivating the athlete to work hard on a regular basis. C&A: What kind of general guidelines would you suggest to coaches in starting strength training programs? DK: I think a strength training program has to be founded upon a solid educational philosophy. The coach must understand that a strength training program represents the only chance

that many young people have to realize their potential. If the coach is focusing only upon the top five or ten percent of the successful athletes in school, he will probably be frustrated. Another key point is to realize that a strength training program is an additive to the regular training program of each athlete and not a substitute for skill. In other words, one must practice the skill of the sport and add the strength training program on top of whatever time is spent in skill development. Another important guideline is to remember that strength training is highly specific and for the best results each athlete should have a special program based upon his or her body characteristics and the nature of the sport played. One must remember that there is no single set of exercises which will do everything for a particular athlete. The schedule must be changed from time to time at regular intervals in order to get full symmetry, muscular balance, and functional performance. Finally, I think that the most successful strength training program should be voluntary, but reinforced with a carefully implemented organizational strategy which will produce a high retention ratio. Mandatory programs often put the coach in an adversary relationship with the athletes and could do more to reduce the long-range effectiveness of the program than provide any benefit. Of course, when the program is not mandatory, it requires that the coach invest much more time and effort in motivation. Motivation, in my opinion, is the key to a successful strength program. C&A: Sponsoring a voluntary weight training program and still having a sufficient number of athletes participating to make it worthwhile seems easier said than done. DK: True. But, with careful planning and work, you will see success. It will take longer, but it will be more lasting.

When I talk to coaches, I try to identify six concepts to structure a program which will motivate kids'. Basically, they are: Exclusivity- Build an image that the strength training program isn't for everyone. The "club" concept works especially well when membership into the club is determined by an application procedure and interview conducted by the "club" officers. The second concept is ownership. Build a sense of ownership for the program in everything you do. Let the kids take care of the equipment, paint the walls, have the seniors help coach the freshmen, and let the kids help establish the rules. This takes a lot of time demands off the coach and builds pride into the program. The third is rituals and traditions. All groups and organizations which have high standards of morale rely heavily on rituals and traditions. The possibilities are limitless-studentteacher, individual competition, special events, challenges, and inter-school competitions are but a few of them. Peer pressure is clearly one of the most dynamic motivators among high school age athletes. All too often as coaches, we complain that peer pressure works in an adverse way, having negative influences on the athlete. Every coach should analyze how to make peer pressure become a positive influence. The fifth concept is hero worship and projection. Hang pictures of your best lifters around the weight training area. Gain the community's attention by newspaper stories about the best lifter, or about some outstanding lift for body size. Host a school assembly or develop a ,'30-minute presentation for service clubs in the community. Most important, have every senior be responsible for the progress of at least one freshman. The last of these concepts is information. The more you teach your athletes about strength training, the better they will be. Explain some basic concepts of strength training and some muscle physiology. After three years of these teachings, your seniors will become better assist coaches for your freshmen and sophomores than many certified coaches in other schools! C&A: It sounds like you set up a Jot of gimmicks to help motivate. DK: That's right. Let's face it, right training is painful and boring. In order to get the kind of development that is necessary to help kids stick to the program you must mask the drudgery with all the psychological support you can

build. Another little gimmick is music. I like to have stereo sounds bouncing off the wall to keep them moving and in a happy frame of mind. C&A: What factors should a coach. keep in mind in structuring goals for participants? DK: The coach must realize that every person is an individual with different needs: you should consider things like body type, that is whether the athlete is an ectomorph, mesomorph, or endomorph; the nature of sport, or what the physical demands are; the specific event or position which will be done; the percentage of body fat; any spec,ial needs of the athlete; and any previous programs which he was involved with. Generally, weight training is very specific so the coach must tailor the program to the exact needs of the athlete. C&A: One predominant problem which coaches always talk about is money -or the Jack of money-to buy training equipment. Do you have an answer? DK: Expensive weight lifting equipment is great, but you don't have to have it. You can get great results out of your program by simply building the equipment, like a home-made bench or an inline board, yourself. Or, better yet, maybe you can get the cooperation of the school shop to build it for you. Generally, it doesn't matter what kind ofequipmentyou useaslongasthe participants are enduring muscular stress and proper breathing is taking place, and you have a full range of motion. C&A: Since strength training is so important to improved athletic performance, how early or at what age should you consider starting training? DK: I feel the worst thing you can do is start weight training too early. Wait until the youngathlete is hungry and ready. Don't start too early, when physiologically they're not ready. A good time to start, I think, is ninth grade. C&A: Do you have any final advice to coaches? DK: Strength training, if done properly, can be a tremendous addition to a school's athletic program. It's an additive to skill. A coach should realize that in an average school population, only 5 percent of the student body has superior athletic abilities. So, with such a low percentage, I encourage coaches to go after the average athlete and get him to start strength straining. Your best athletes will do the job for you 80 percent of the time, but in the long run, it's the maturing of your average athletes that'll win games for you. 0

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OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

ADMINISTRATION New Plays: The Giveaway And The Good Take By Art Petrosemolo If you are a little like me, you still have

1:,:

a banner, plastic cup, T -shirt, baseball bat, plastic football, a key ring, or one of a thousand items that have been given out by businesses and professional sports teams over the last few decades. I'm a sucker for a give-away, always have been and always will be. That little teaser just seems to be enough to get me to change a "Maybe we'll go" to "LET'S GO NOW!" If a well-planned promotion or marketing strategy works in business, there is no question that it will work in athletics, a product that is wholesome family entertainment still affordable on a family budget. Yet year after year, large high school and college football stadiums and basketball arenas are half full for all but a few contests with traditional rivals. Promotions in the Ivy League (we use the word marketing so we don't scare anyone off) is a relatively new phenomenon. Cornell had a director .of public affairs for athletics for two years who

handled marketing, and Harvard still has a director of promotions on the staff. All the other Ivy League athletic departments but have not moved into marketing on a planned basis. Dartmouth, however, over the past three years has had some modest successes, some outstanding failures and all in all has made some strong strides. Don Canham, athletic director at the University of Michigan, and Russ Potts, currently with the Chicago White Sox and formerly at Southern Methodist University, have received national attention for their successes. Canham's sports promotion conferences held in California, Michigan and Pennsylvania attracted well over 150 (200 in Michigan) participants for three days of seminars and "how-to" sessions. The reason: declining attendance, budget cuts, you name it. ... but the bottom line is always the need for increased revenue to maintain current athletic programs. There really is no book or conference that can make you a marketing expert. To be honest, there really

Michigan uses a variety of promotional and fund athletic department. 26

COACH & ATHLETE OCTOBER 1981

aren't too many new ideas in the field. To get started, pick an idea that worked in Michigan, California or Ohio, adapt it for your institution, and work to make it a success. There is no short cut, but there are some pitfalls to avoid. Don't pick the worst game on your schedule to promote. If you think you might be 75 percent sold out for a contest, run a promotion and sell out. It will create excitement and the feeling of success. Increasing attendance from 40 percent of capacity to 60 percent really doesn't show much. Pick something simple you can administer alone which has a good chance of success. Don't fail on your first venture. A year ago, Dartmouth was playing a Division III basketball opponent three days before Christmas. It was a difficult sell to start with but scheduling it three days before Christmas made it impossible. I called three churches in the Hanover, New Hampshire area and asked if they maintained emergency food funds and whether they would like me to help them replenish their stock. They agreed and helped me advertise the fact that admission to the Dartmouth game would be, not by ticket, but by donation of a non-perishable food item to the emergency food fund. The newspaper and radio stations picked up the promotion as a public service. The night of the game, we attracted about I ,000 extra fans. The next day, we needed a pickup truck to deliver food to the churches. . Whenever possible, try to get someone to pay for your promotion in advance. For the 1980 Dartmouth-New Hampshire football game, we estimated based on past attendance that our gate would be about 10,000. The Dartmouth stadium can hold 20,000. I

INFLAnONIS EVERYBODY'S HEADACHE!

Promotions can be as large as "Band Day" in Michigan Stadium where 12,000 musicians were on display.

knew that if nothing was done there would have been 10,000 empty seats. Working with a large New Hampshire bank, we billed the game as the battle of football supremacy in New Hampshire. The bank purchased 5,000 tickets at a substantially discounted price (50¢ per ticket instead of the normal $4 general admission seat). They distributed tickets in the bank's name to every youth group that would take them in Vermont and New Hampshire. Naturally, we did things to make the promotion attractive for the sponsor such as printing its logo on the back of the ticket and putting its logo on both teams' football schedules-which were printed at the sponsor's expense. We also ran a tailgate picnic-again at the sponsor's expense-for the bank executives. When the tickets were counted, we had close to 4,000 extra people at the football game than we had anticipated and had an additional $2,500 in revenue. Not a great sum but, nonetheless, increased revenue. If you are going to use a give-away, don't buy it. Have a sponsor pay for it. Tee-shirts, plastic footballs, cups, etc. are a great come-on and in certain parts of the country can be very successful. Never spend your own money to purchase a premium. Find one, two, three or more local sponsors to purchase the item for you and be sure to give them some credit line on the giveaway. If the give-away costs $1 and you need two thousand dollars, consider finding four sponsors at $500 each rather than one sponsor for the entire amount. Don't hit the big national chains first. All national chain advertising is handled by an agency and getting the agency to make a decision for a small

promotion is difficult. Ask your local stores first. They are the base of your athletic program support anyway, and they are probably already advertising in your program or supporting your booster club. Here is a chance for them to support the program and also to have a walking billboard in the form of a tee-shirt. Don't say it can't be done at your school. Do something, and do it this year. Look over what has been done at institutions around you. Borrow and steal the best ideas and adapt them for your use. The pros like Canham, Potts, Ted Bredehoft of Wichita State, and Dave Hart of Missouri all started somewhere. If you get a chance, attend a promotions seminar or clinic and take pages of notes. Two years ago, I attended Canham's and Potts' clinic in Dallas and came back· to Hanover and put three ideas into immediate use. This year, while on the staff of the Canham clinic in Lancaster, Pa., I still took pages of notes and am in the process of putting three or four more ideas into use. Marketing and promotions are fun. They do take a little work but pleasure in success makes it all worth while. Don't wait until tomorrow. Put your thinking cap on now, jot down some ideas, write for help, plan, work, start, and have fun. But DO IT NOW! 0

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OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

G. Jean Cerra

Associate Director of Athletics University of Missouri

ISSUE: Women in the NCAA: Death of the AlAW? Lopiano: There is no question that supply will exceed demand. According to the laws of economics, someone's women's championship program will go down the tubes. Most institutions will renew AlAW membership in 1981-82. However, these institutions don't realize that the real financial impact of NCAA actions will be felt as a result of members choosing to attend NCAA championships rather than failure to renew AlAW membership. Fifty-four percent of AlAW's budget comes from TV contracts, promotional agreements and sponsorship income connected with its premier, quality product - Division I women's championships. Any largescale flight of Division I teams to NCAA championships will have a deadly effect - and such a flight is expected because of NCAA's championship reimbursement offer. Cerra: One of the purposes of the transition period which Dr. Lopiano criticizes was to give women a trial period wherein they could see for themselves if the NCAA model was indeed satisfactory or better and yet not jeopardize their opportunities in the AlAW. Why would men want to risk letting women come in as "visitors" if they were ashamed of what the women might see? Those of us on the NCAA Special Committee on Legislative Review are in the process of reviewing existing AlA W and NCAA legislation with the purpose of recommending what we feel are the best rules from each organization. The AlAW must realize that college athletics for men and women is the responsibility of the colleges and universities them-

Donna A. Lopiano

President, AlA W

selves, and those institutions clearly have decided that they want and expect the right to choose among alternative services, programs and philosophies.

ties for women, let's design an educationally sound sports governance model for women's athletics that is better than what we've seen and been so critical of.''

ISSUE: A Case of Rape or Seduction?

ISSUE: Misuse of the Student-Athlete... What's Ahead for Women?

Cerra: No one can convince me that alternative rules and governance systems for female athletes will result in chaos ... So far, efforts initiated by the NCAA to encourage flexibility and ease of movement between NCAA and AlA W champion-Âˇ ships have met with edicts from the AlA W making it more difficult for its members to be flexible. Requests for reciprocal agreements on letters of intent, for example, have gone unacknowledged by the AlA W. I would suggest that if the AlA W leadership is truly interested in the welfare of the studentathlete, now is the time to show that genuine concern by taking actions that do not make these students pawns in the war they are staging with the NCAA.

Lopiano: The NCAA rules system is fraught with abuse- abuse of studentathletes, transcipt scandals, low graduation rates for scholarship athletes and recruiting scandals.

Lopiano: When the AlA W came into being I 0 years ago, it was very simply a grand adventure .. .In previous decades ... women in physical education were responsible for the lack of highly competitive opportunities for college women ... Women physical educators had taken a look at the overemphasis and abuse in men's athletics and decided to protect female athletes by restricting their opportunities to club sports and intramurals. However, by the late sixties they realized they could no longer deny college women the opportunity to achieve excellence in sport through intercollegiate competition ... They jumped in and said, "Well, if we're supposed to be educators and we need to provide athletic opportuni-

Cerra: It is true that some NCAA member institutions have been guilty of misusing student-athletes, have been involved in transcript and recruiting scandals and have lower graduation rates for scholarship athletes. But this does not make the AlAW innocent on these same counts. Dr. Lopiano is as familiar as I am with the growing list of AlA W memberinstitutions who have been guilty ofthesameabuses. Is it fair to say the entire rules system is at fault because some members (adefmiterninority) break them?

Lopiano: The AlAW was established under almost ideal circumstances: there was no money in women's sports; therefore, it was difficult if not impossible for abuse or corruption to exist. .. AlA W has an annual operating budget of just under one million dollars. Cerra: I am confused when I read Dr. Lopiano's statement that "there isn't any money in women's athletics." Earlier in her article, she admits that fiftyfourpercentoftheAIAW'sbudgetcomes from TV contracts, promotional agreements and sponsorship income. Obviously, that is not just "chickenfeed." OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

1'1:

,I ''

1: !

ISSUE: Women's Athletic Administration ...Male Dominated?

ISSUE: Title IX Equality for the Sexes

Cerra: Women can decide their own destinies. The question is, what is the appropriate level for exerting their influence? The NCAA espouses the "one institution/one vote" concept, and rightly so, because the institution pays only one membership. It is up to the institution to get its house in order before a decision is reached on how the institutional vote will be cast. If disagreement exists between men and women on the individual campus regarding an item of proposed legislation, then the chief executive officer (CEO) must make a decision on what that institution's position will be.

Lopiano: The NCAA will now be responsible for representing the best interests of women's athletics. The NCAA is the organization which fought tooth and nail against Title IX and is still in court arguing that Title IX does not apply to athletics. It appears as though we have a situation where the fox is guarding the henhouse.

Lopiano: Male athletic directors are more comfortable with NAIA or NCAA governance. These rules are known quantities. They don't understand AIAW rules. It seems much more logical to have one set of rules, the rules most familiar to them, even if the women's rules system does have some potential. The women in athletics, the people who are directly administering women's programs, will not make the decision regarding organizational affiliation. A male athletic director will probably do the honors. Lopiano: Women will not be present on any kind of an equal or even relatively shared power basis when it comes time to vote on rules, to design the system by which their programs will be governed. The NCAA has guaranteed them 190Jo representation on the most powerful committees and an average of 26% on all other committees. When it comes to who will hold a single institutional vote for men's and women's athletics, it will not be those who have been responsible for the development of women's athletics or those who have been committed to financial prudence and sanity in athletics. Cerra: Some women currently do serve as the faculty or other voting representatives to NCAA Conventions, but admittedly all too few. We can hope that the greater visibility of women's sports on our respective campuses might serve as a reason for CEOs to hold their voting decisions and to make appropriate changes if they are not representing all of their constituents. 30 COACH & ATHLETE

OCTOBER 1981

Cerra: I know very few people or organizations in favor of Federal intervention into their respective domains~ The NCAA is not opposed to Title IX. It has expressed opposition to the application of Title IX legislation to athletic programs which do not receive any federal funds. If Dr. Lopiano is inferring that the NCAA is anti-woman because it has challenged Title IX on that basis in the courts, then why would the NCAA ever want to endorse legislation to bring women into its organization, which will require nearly $3 million dollars annually in expenditures? Lopiano: Few people remember that when the AlAW began, athletic scholarships for women were prohibited. The AlAW had to give up that position because of Title IX. The law mandated that women were entitled to receive the same benefits as male athletes. To do otherwise would result in discrimination on the basis of sex. One of the saddest backlash effects of Title IX has been the loss of status and power of women in athletics. One decade ago, almost all women's programs were headed by women. Women's athletics was housed in department constructs separate from men's athletics, either on their own or attached to physical education departments. Women controlled their own programs. Today, approximately eighty percent of all women's programs have merged with their men's programs, with the male athletic director taking the top slot and the women being classified as assistants, associates or coordinators of women's athletics. Cerra: True, there are not many female athletic directors, but there were not many to begin with. Initially, there were many female "Directors of Women's Athletics," but with the trend toward combined men's and women's athletic programs, these titles

were changed to reflect a change in the line/staff reporting structure, so that titles such as "Assistant Athletic Director" or "Associate Athletic Director" became more prevalent. I would hypothesize that since titles have been the only things altered, the actual number of women operating as primary female athletic administrators has remained relatively stable and perhaps has even increased as a result of growth in women's athletic programs.

Final Statements Cerra: I want to make it clear that this counterpoint to Dr. Lopiano's article is not intended as another bullet in the perceived shooting match between the AlAWand the NCAA. It is my personal opinion that sex is not a limiting factor of a person's knowledge and expertise. I would hate to think that men are only capable of controlling men's destinies. I know many men in athletic administration who have very sound ideas about the future of women's athletics and, I am not afraid to admit, whose philosophies and experience are more acceptable to me than those of some women in athletics. The breadth of understanding and ability of the individual is much more important to me than his or her sex. Lopiano: The NCAA is a very well run and financially sound business operation that can probably do some good things for women's athletics. The NCAA can use its power leverage to get increased visibility for women's programs in the print and electronic media. I fear that the status of women's athletics will be the equivalent of men's minor sports. Considering how successful, AlAW is, many people are surprised and even unbelieving when they learn that the NCAA's action to initiate women's championships will most likely result in the demise of this grand adventure ... the death of the AlAW. The fact that the AlAW, in a short ten years, grew into the largest collegiate athletics governance organization in the United States is simple testimony to its success and viability. D

DAVID GOULD is an assistant editor.

SOCCER Goalkeeper Training Made Easy

A good goalkeeper should be willing to discuss his mistakes and subject himself to criticism.

By Rob Grabill Goalkeepers are too often the forgotten men during pre-season and daily practices. Few coaches fail to recognize the importance of the position when selecting a player to fill it, but too frequently the elemental training a goalie needs, regardless of his level, falls short of what it could be. This is particularly true when there are few coaches or when the coach has little experience with goalkeeping. The techniques on which a goalkeeper needs to work on a daily basis are not numerous or complicated, and they can be handled by the goalies themselves without constant supervision if necessary. Goalkeepers can improve during the season rather than lying fallow during scrimmages and point-blank shooting drills. A good coach can make this happen with a small amount of planning and communication. Selection of Goalkeepers Aside from the basic physical requirements (which vary considerably with level of play), the single most im~ portant aspect which must be consid-

ered in selecting candidates for goalkeeper is a willingness to work hard and communicate. Lack of technique and experience can be easily and steadily dealt with, and it is usually beneficial for a team to have willing but inexperienced goalkeepers backing up the prime candidates for the job. More than any other position in soccer, goal keeping lends itself to a caste system of player development. If a player is willing to . try (and obviously that must include a willingness to be subjected to unpleasant physical and psychological situations) he can develop into a strong goalkeeper. If he is willing to discuss his mistakes and subject himself to criticism, he will develop quickly. The good goalie can take these risks, and so in the end it is personality as much as anything which a coach must use as a basis for selection. Daily Practice Routine Situations when a knowledgable coach Âˇcan work with just the goalkeepers are highly desirable, but frequently rare. After the extended practice of preseason is over, a goalie will

PHOTO BY MICHELE McDONALD

not usually see much direct coaching. If they can be arranged, special sessions as infrequently as once a week can be very valuable. During daily practice, an assistant coach who can work with the goalkeepers can reap many dividends. Considerable expertise is not necessary as long as the coach has a firm idea of what needs to be worked on, and the players respect him. If no coach is available, it is possible for the goalkeepers to work with each other, with occasional supervision from a coach elsewhere. After stretching with the team as a whole, the goalkeeper should continue to warm up with a ball, practicing techniques for stopping the ball from every position until he is completely warmed up. It is a mistake for a goalkeeper to stand in the goal at the beginning of practice, or beforehand, and allow himself to become a target for his teammates as they blast stationary balls at him from close. range. A goalie should never step into the goal until he is warm and committed to stopping every ball which comes on goal. In OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

!,. :1.Âˇ

,. ;

a situation where this is impossible, the goalkeeper will become casual about stopping the ball, and this is destructive. A goalie should always care when the ball goes over the goal line. After the goalkeepers have worked on technique for at least fifteen minutes to warm up, they should use any additional time not involved in team drills to practice techniques for catching and distributing the ball. The best team drills a coach can use to improve goalkeepers are those which involve serving high balls into the penalty area to simulate crosses and corner kicks. The judgment this imparts can only be reinforced by repetition, until instinct replaces intentional reaction. If the team scrimmages, the goalkeeper should concentrate for every minute despite the possibility of greatly reduced action. Concentration, like stopping the ball, is a vital skill which must be practiced. Distribution

The ability to feed the ball effectively to teammates is a skill which goalies cultivate at the earliest levels. The goalkeeper who merely punts the ball away repeatedly is a liability which no team can afford. The goalkeeper should have a target in mind before he receives the ball, even in a tough save situation. A quick release after a testing shot usually triggers the most effective counterattacks. A simple but safe rule for distribution: Look first to the opposite side of the field. That is the likeliest location for few defenders and open space. Goalkeepers should practice different styles of kicking, both punting and drop-kicking, and specialize in whichever is most effective. If portable goals are available, a one-on-one duel between two goalkeepers 40 yards apart provides both a wide variety of kicking situations and a number of challenging shots. A goalkeeper should take charge of most restarts near the goal, particularly goal kicks. He should certainly try to develop a strong kick so that he can take these kicks himself. The option of a short kick to a back on the edge of the penalty area who returns it immediately to the goalkeeper should be practiced, and utilized if the opposition allows it through policy or sloppy marking.

Not all goalkeepers can keep up a steady stream of constructive chatter to their teammates, but they should try. A strong but silent goalie leads to COACH & ATHLETE

as a starter should not prevent all of them from working on their skills together with a close and supportive attitude. In addition to the fact that competition for a job is usually necessary to motivate able goalkeepers, the need for more than one over the course of a season is obvious. If there is any slackening or lack of support from goalkeepers who are not starting, it will be harmful immediately. No goalkeeper can afford this kind of selfishness, and a coach must not accept it. As long as a coach communicates honestly with his goalkeepers and keeps them informed of their status, he can demand loyalty from them. It is easy to see how a team whose goalies are capable of this unselfishness stands to gain a lot of leadership. Esprit de corps among two or more goalies constantly working to improve themselves is one of the most important results of paying attention to the care and feeding of goalkeepers, and not a hard thing to attain. D

Teamwork

Cooperation in the midst of competition for a job is essential among the goalkeepers on a particular team. The fact that one of them will be selected

ROB GRABILL is soccer coach at New Hampshire College and Editor of New Hampshire Soccer Magazine. He holds a U.S.S.F. "B" license.

Communication

confusion and mistakes, and a strong field general gives a team's defense organization and confidence. In addition to calling teammates off of balls which he can collect, a goalkeeper should tell them when to keep possession, and where to go. Nobody's picture of the field of play is as clear as the goalie's and this should be exploited. This is crucially important when the defense needs organization rapidly. The ball in the hands of the goalie can be the beginning of a potent attack, and a goalkeeper should try for any ball he can get to before teammates or opposition. If he wants the ball he should let everyone know: "Goalie ball!" and "Keeper!" are better verbal cues than the ambiguous and potentially illegal "Mine!" A goalkeeper should practice back passes with his midfielders and fullbacks until this tactic can be used confidently in games. A team without the ability to move back strongly loses a great deal of flexibility.

OCTOBER 1981

.._I

ADMINISTRATION DMSO - Friend Or Foe By Steven Wilson

There is no knock at the door from the snake oil traveling salesman, who insists that you take a pill. Any pill. Their message for quick relief is prerecorded and, of course, tollfree. Solvent Sales, Inc., the marketing division of Nordic Laboratories, the nation's largest distributor of "premium quality, safe and effective DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)," is careful to project a medically safe image. The message is clear. "It works,". says Bill Williams, president of Solvent Sales, Inc. of Seattle. "In fact," Williams said, "the assistant baseball coach from the University of Washington is in my office now." Indiana University track coach Sam Bell, who spoke before a Senate hearing on DMSO last year, has been using it on his athletes since 1962. Bell once gave it to a long-jumper who could hardly walk with a bruised thigh just 50 hours before the Olympic trials. ''We gave it to him once every two hours and he finished as the second best jumper in the country," Bell said. ''Of course, he wasn't his true self, but it had dramatic effects ... I've never had anyone who didn't get an immediate reaction." Bob McDonald, head baseball coach at the University of Washington, refuses to admit his team uses DMSO, although his assistant has been known to use it on players. "As far as I know," says McDonald, "none of our athletes use it. I tried it eight years ago, but it didn't do anything. I remember it gave me a slimy feeling on my teeth." William Coughlin,. administrator of physical therapy at Harvard University, says there isn't any DMSO on his shelves. "No, we don't use it," he said. "Most college trainers would be afraid to admit it." Baltimore Orioles trainer Ralph Salvon says he doesn't use it. "The [baseball] commissioner told us not to." What is DMSO? A clear, odorless liquid which can be applied directly to

the skin and enters the bloodstream within minutes. Advocates say it is most effecive on soft-tissue injuries such as bursitis and tendonitis. It has been used on shin splints, ankle sprains, strains, tears and muscle pulls and can be a pain reliever for arthritis. Atlanta Falcons quarterback Junes Jones used it to cure a calcification in his shoulder. According to Dr. Stanley Jacob, an associate professor of surgery and ''Father ofDMSO,'' its foremost wonder is its ability to soak up water. When an injured areas swells up with lymph fluid and watery pus, it soaks it up, reducing the swelling and relieving the pain. Those who use it suggest that it be applied to the skin with a cotton swab, although it can be applied directly from the hand. Treatments may vary according to the seriousness of an injury,

but it is usually done in one- or two-hour intervals for ten minutes at a time. Technically, DMSO relieves pain by blocking the small fibers and nerves which carry pain impulses. It reduces inflammation and swelling, improves blood flow to an injury, softens scar tissue, acts as a diuretic, and enhances the action of other drugs. DMSO's major drawback, though, is that it gives people what users term "death breath" and a distinctive body odor, like the smells of oysters or garlic. "It doesn't happen to everybody, though," says Larry Wiese, sales manager for Solvent Sales. Its price may also be considered a drawback: eight ounces (a 90-day supply) cost $18.95, although it can be manufactured as cheaply as $4 a quart. Nordic Labs also sells a cheaper brand of DMSOOCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

eight ounces for $9.95. DMSO is a cheap by-product of the paper pulp industry. There are two basic types: medical and industrial. Both are available in varying levels of purity and concentrations or strengths. Medical grade DMSO, which is used on humans and in veterinary medicine, is one-half percent purer than the industrial grade, which is used as a solvent. Medical grade DMSO approved for interstitial cystitis (a bladder condition) is a weak 50-percent solution (Solvent Sales distributes DMSO of 70-percent solution), while the medical grade DMSO used by veterinarians is around a 90-percent solution. Industrial grade DMSO's solution is higher. It has been used as an industrial solvent, degreaser, a paint thinner and chemical additive, and it is used in cryogenics. Industrial grade DMSO is available in hardware stores, drug stores, gas stations and other places where solvents are sold. Which, as it turns out, is the hitch. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves of DMSO only in a weak concentration as a prescription drug for interstitial cystitis. Thus, to abide by FDA regulations, it must be sold as a solvent only and imply no medical application. In fact, the FDA and DMSO proponents have been engaged in a medical and bureaucratic conflict over its use for nearly 18 years. ("Almost everyone thinks you're a peddler," says Bell. "It's ridiculous.") The FDA banned all testing in 1965 after tests indicated eye damage in laboratory animals. The next year, it was allowed in limited use for conditions such as scleroderma (hardening of the skin), rheumatoid arthritis, and shingles. In 1968, it was permitted for use as a topical skin application for no more than 14 days for less serious injuries. In 1970, it was approved as a prescription drug for animals, although it was still banned for human use. Only inÂˇ1978 was DMSO finally approved in a weak concentration as a prescription drug for interstitial cystitis. So, you ask, why all the fuss-? Well, it appears that DMSO's biggest problem is its inconsistency. It reacts differently on different people and may in fact have differing effects on the same person when used more than once. Many people, like weekend joggers and tennis players, buy the industrial grade and dilute it with distilled water for use. "They're taking a risk," says Williams. "We haven't experienced any problems 34 COACH & ATHLETE

OCTOBER 1981

with ours (70-percent solution), orily some slight skin irritations." Still, the FDA has yet to find any conclusive studies, so it's approval goes unwarranted. The FDA fears its toxic side effects. So distributors simply sell it as a solvent to avoid the law. What the FDA is most concerned about, though, is the health implications of using the lower-purity, highly accessible, industrial grade DMSO. According to the FDA, higher concentrations can cause skin burns upon application, and may contain contaminants. The FDA is particularly worried about DMSO which isn't processed under strict laboratory conditions to prevent contaminants. "We do not know the purity or quality of the so-called DMSO that is being sold," said James Swanson, FDA regional director in Seattle. However, DMSO has its proponents, including runner Alberto Salazar, former Oakland Raiders quarterback Daryle Lamonica, Falcon quarterback Jones, and former Raider team physician Dr. Graham Reedy. "Both theSeattle Seahawks (football) and Sonics (basketball) use it," says Williams. It is advertised in Runners' World, on billboards nationwide, and on local television stations in the Northwest. "It's a household word out here," said Wiese. Which, again, is why the FDA is worded. Because the "industrial type [distributors] can undersell us," said Wiese, a "black market" has emerged.

"It [industrial grade] works just as good as ours," he said. Only in 10 states-Florida, Louisiana, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas and Washington-is DMSO legal as a prescription drug. According to Wiese, there are perhaps 40 or 50 distributors in the U.S. producing their own brands. None of the large companies has a patent, though. "People can bottle it in their garage if they want," he said. Williams says, "There will be problems down the line using the higher concentrate. They're all contaminated to one degree or another.'' Boston Bruins' team physician, Dr. Bert Zarins, who is on the U.S. Olympic Committee Council on Sports Medicine and is co-chairman of the Medical Committee, has mixed feelings about DMSO. "The current opinion among the people doing Olympic tests is that it's an unknown. It probably does some pharmacological good, but it is not a wonder drug," said Zarins. "There are scattered reports of people getting good results, but I would say it doesn't affect most." So, despite an 18-year-long tug of war between the FDA and DMSO proponents, athletes, trainers and weekend joggers are still left to discover for themselves: is DMSO a miracle drug or not? 0 STEVE WILSON is an Assistant Editor.

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"YES, WE HAVE A SOLID BENCH -NOW WE NEED SOLID PLAYERS."

IDMINISTRIT Madison Avenue Goes To High School By Tom D'Angelo The idea of sports promotion is relatively new concept. Not long ago only professional franchises dabbled in promoting their product. Recently, those professional franchises have served as a model for the colleges and universities across the country. And in the not-too-distant future, when the results from the UCLAs, Michigans and Boston Colleges sink in, it will be wise for the high schools and small colleges to continue that spiral in sports promotion. Three years ago Boston College hired Jane Zailskas out of the elementary school classroom (her master's degree is in elementary education) as its first sports promotion director. Zailskas follows in the footsteps of the forefathers of sports promotion in America-Don Canham, the athletic director at the University of Michigan; and Russ Potts, who was the first college sports promotion director (University of Maryland) and is currently the vice-president of marketing for the Chicago White Sox. In fact, it was Potts who said: "I don't care what your background is, as long as you are enthusiastic and believe in the product.'' Selling football tickets in Ann Arbor, Michigan, or South Bend, Indiana has never been a problem. But selling out the next college lacrosse match or a high school hockey game is a challenge. The challenge will not be answered overnight, nor is it going to be accomplished by one person. Zailskas breaks the process down to three parts: plan, promote and persevere. What type of person takes this responsibility? "At the high school and small college level you have to get one person," said Zailskas. "Present it as a plan. Every town has somebody who is good at advertising and sales. Look to your resources. It may be an athletic director, a head coach, an assistant

Jane Zailskas

coach, someone on the faculty, or a parent. If you're the athletic director, you have to look at what you've got. You want someone who's a hard worker who's going to spend some time and be enthusiastic about the program." When the director has been chosen, where does he/she begin? According to Zailskas, "If you're the one to take that responsibility, you've got to sit down with each group-players, cheerleaders, band, pep clubs, boosters clubs, etc.-and say, 'You are part of this whole effort.' What will happen? The cheerleaders will come up with five things they can do. They will get caught up in it. You've got to go to the coaching staff and say, 'We are going to have the greatest crowd we ever had at the opening game. I'd like you to go and speak at the Kiwanis Luncheon. Talk it up.' Go to the faculty and present to them what they can do. The faculty will view promotions a little bit differently than the coach. They will in-

elude the image of the school. The art department can design posters. The head of the history department may know the president of a bank. Talk to him. Even make the calls yourself. Tell him 'We're really changing things around here and we want your help. We think that you'd be happy working with us'." The key is the community. Zailskas says merchants are willing to donate money and buy tickets when they are approached. "In a major city you can't get really community oriented," Zailskas added. "You go to the suburbs and promote to the market in those areas. But if you are trying to promote football in a smaller town, go to the local merchants, the local banks, the local residents, and the parents of the kids who play on the team. That's where your support has to start. You've got to go out and sell the tickets through them. OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

"An institution that has a lot of people working in the area will help their business. If a bank puts its name on a Boston College poster, they want the alumni to know they support the Boston College football program. That alumnus thinks 'Boy, that's a good bank. They support my school.' And someday he or she will put money into that bank. ''You can do the same thing at any level. You have to go to the merchants for advertisers for the program, or donations. And those merchants know that the kids who go to the particular college or high school will shop in that area. This is solid advertising for the merchant." Of course, during the whole process of promoting, looking for sponsors, and asking for donations, everyone should also be aware of selling tickets. "They can sell tickets to their barber, or anyone they see in town," said Zailskas. "Whether that guy uses those tickets, or gives them to a friend of his, or another client, you're still talking it up. That gives you the exposure. People may know about the game, but they still haven'.t made that commitment to buy the ticket or to reserve next Friday night for the game. It's a time element more than anything else. A sporting event is not an expensive thing but it takes time to plan it. It's a two-fold thing. You need the money, but you need the physical presence and the enthusiasm of the people at the event. You've got to do some special things." There are many other methods in which .to promote the product. In a small community, none can convey the message of the high school and the sponsor better than the local newspaper. "Local newspapers give a lot more advertising for the dollar," said Zailskas. "Maybe the school could develop a $500 advertising budget by finding five different sponsors to chip in $100 each. The same ad could show up everyday in that newspaper; but the bottom line could change to accommodate all the sponsors. Zailskas also said companies such as Coca-Cola are more than willing to assist. "One of their biggest markets is the high school community,'' she said. ''They would love to do something to help. You can go to any Coca-Cola bottler and ask them for free posters, and they will come up with free posters. They're a natural." The sports promotion department at Boston College sponsored a tele36

COACH & ATHLETE

OCTOBER 1981

than to sell tickets. They had forty to fifty volunteers to make the phone calls and promote Boston College sports. "If we can get that many people together at this level, then there is no way you shouldn't be able to get twenty or twenty-five people together within a small town." said Zailskas. Other possibilities include selling advertising space on the back of tickets, and of course, selling tickets with it. Or promoting give-away days at the game. ''One high school in Ohio had a visor day," relates Zailkas. "Some merchant paid for a very inexpensive visor. The first 1,000 people through the gates got a visor. It sounds like a

little thing, but they hyped it just well enough. Now the merchant has got free advertising all over that town, and the school advertises its game. At the next game they gave away something else. Then people started going just to get the give-away. "Once you get into this the possibilities are unlimited," She added. "Somebody had to start it and that's usually the most difficult thing." Plan, promote, persevere. The results may stun you. 0 TOM D'ANGELO is an Assistant Editor.

AD INDEX Get free information from the advertise1s in this issue by noting the numbers which precede the advertiser's name below, and circle the corresponding numbers on one of the reader service cards. Circle No. 58 88 18

109 62 15 108 78 102 115

27 46 60 61 59 30

20 54 17

28 10 105 103 12 67 13 107 84

25 87 14

199 26 11

38 196 16

Advertiser Adidas Aluminum Athletic Arena The Bag Company The Big Nine Manufacturing Co. Bike Athletic Bolen Brine Quartz Timer QT Brine Soccer Brine Lacrosse Cran Barry Cronus DP Leach . DynaCamÂˇ Fe leo George Frost Fuller Fund Raising Gatorade Jaclar Jung Kodak Louisville Slugger Medalist Gladiator M-F Athletic Nautilus Newmark Inc. PONY Sports & Leisure, Inc. Powerfoot Rawlings Seron TropicAir Universal Universal-Tiger Vince Lombardi Windjammer Worth Sports York

Page No. 37 23

37 51 51 37 51 8 2

53 37 11

37 51 37 37 54 4,5

37 37 15 51 51 25 3

51 9 56

20 19 37 37 14

55 37 37

If you want more information, catalogs and brochures from our advertisers in this issue, simply circle the corresponding numbers, stamp and mail and we'll take care of the rest!

READER SERVICE CARD FREE INFORMATION! Circle Numbers Below For More Information. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3 4 2 5 6 8 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 64 85 86 87 68 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 ~

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180 ~~

210 225 240 255

Numbers Below For More Information.

3 18

4 19 ~

5 20 35

6 21 38

n rn n

8 23 38 53 68

9 24

10 25

11 26

12 27 G

13 28 43 58

14 29 44

15 30 ~

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City___________________________ State:__________________ Zip.______

Position D Athletic Director or Assistant D PE Instructor D PE Director or Department Chairman · Coach or Assistant Coach D Trainer or Assistant D PEMajor D Intermural Director or Assistant Name,____________________________

1G1431441~1481D1481G1~

,, 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 8l~1681~1m1n

Name'----------------------------Schoo·L---------------------------Ad~ess.____________________________

If you want more information, catalogs and brochures from our advertisers in this issue, simply circle the corresponding numbers, stamp and mail and we'll take care of the rest!

READER SERVICE CARD FREE INFORMATION! ~ircle

Position D Athletic Director or Assistant D PE Instructor D PE Director or Department Chairman Coach or Assistant Coach D Trainer or Assistant D PEMajor 0 Intermural Director or Assistant

1~1U1941~

203 204 2~ 206 207 218 219 220 221 ~2 233 2~ 235 238 237 248 249 250 251 252

208 223 238 253

209 224 239 254

210 225 240 255

SchoO•L---------------------------__________________________ City__________________ Ad~ess,

State:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Zip,_ _ __

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CATALOG CATCH I I

FELCO's catalog is a 4-color publication which highlights softball pants, jerseys and uniforms for basketball and baseball. CIRCLE NO. 59 ON READER SERVICE CARD

DP LEACH introduces their new 1981 racquetball catalog featuring a completely new line of equipment. Highlighted in the full-color catalog is the DP Leach Marty Hogan Signature Series of racquetball rackets. A complete line of racquetball bags, gloves and accessories are also included in the 24-page catalog. CIRCLE NO. 60 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Men's and women's swimsuits in bold colors and prints are highlighted in ARENA's new full-color catalog. Caps, training paddles, towels, goggles, nose clips and ear plugs are included. CIRCLE NO. 18 ON READER SERVICE CARD

UNIVERSAL-TIGER's wresting products catalog features shoes, protective gear, bags, practice uniforms and gear, warm-ups and competition uniforms. CIRCLE NO. 26 ON READER SERVICE CARD

ALL-STAR SPORTING GOODS PRODUCTS, a division of GEORGE FROST CO., has produced a 32-page full-color catalog. It illustrates and describes a full line of protective sports equipment and accessories of baseball, football, hockey, soccer and wresting. CIRCLE NO. 30 ON READER SERVICE CARD

The 1982 season WORTH SPORTS Company catalog was introduced at the annual sales meeting held in Tullahoma, Tennessee recently. The new catalog is full color, and covers the complete line of Worth Sports equipment, including the popular Red Dot® and Blue Dot® softballs, an expanded line of Doc Joe® Batting Gloves, and Tennessee Thumper® softball bats. CIRCLE NO. 196 ON READER SERVICE CARD

UNIVERSAL's 16 pager has information on accessories and free-standing equipment to complement their Gym Machines. Included are weight benches, curling benches, power racks, dumbbell/barbell racks, abdominal inclined boards, and other equipment. Also available are Gravity Boots for upside down workouts and another upside down exercise device, the Body Lite.

Catch JACLAR's new colorful24 page catalog with balls, shoes and apparel for many team sports. The catalog features "The Intimidator", Jaclar's newest basketball shoe. CIRCLE NO. 17 ON READER SERVICE CARD

ADIDAS' 56-page full-color catalog features a wide selection of men's, women's and children's shoes. Running, training, tennis, basketball, soccer, foot_ball, golf, hiking and indoor court shoes are shown. Accessories available include bags, ski binding and poles. CIRCLE NO. 58 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CRAN BARRY cheerleading catalog is packed with new striped sweaters, skirts and an assortment of accessories. New Spirit Knits. are also introduced. They are designed for indoor cheering and for warmer climates.

CIRCLE NO. 199 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CIRCLE NO. 27 ON READER SERVICE CARD

BIKE ATHLETIC's 96-page, full-color catalog focuses on team wear. For men and boys: baseball uniforms in dozens of styles; also golf and casual wear and football jerseys. For women and girls: softball or basketball team wear, plus casual wear and jerseys. Also included in the catalog are sections on officials' clothing, T-shirts, protective equipment and printing designs.

The 1981 JUNG catalog contains complete information on the full line of Grid products. Grid braces and supports, including the new S'port Wrap, are featured with photos. Also featured is a line of elastic bandages and padded protectors.

CIRCLE NO. 15 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CIRCLE NQ. 28 ON READER SERVICE CARD

YORK builds muscle. Request York's free 28-page catalog of barbells and physical fitness training equipment. CIRCLE NO. 16 ON READER SERVICE CARD

OcrOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE 37

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. ·... ·

SPORTSMEDICINE Taking It On The Shin i I

! I I

by Lyle J. Micheli, M.D. andAnthony E. Webber, M.D. "Coach, I just can't shake these shin splints and I'm falling off my training schedule for next week's race." Such complaints are becoming more frequent as younger athletes do more and more distance and speed work in their training programs. For the sports-oriented physician the challenge is to detect what ails these determined individuals. Having solved that, treating the problem and perhaps most importantly preventing the occurrence of leg ache in both the competitive and recreational athlete is the next step. The causes of leg pain associated with athletic endeavors are many. Unfortunately, the causes often are all Âˇ lumped into the term "shin splints." This should be discouraged, because the treatment of these conditions can 38

COACH & ATHLETE

OCTOBER 1981

be very different. The vast Âˇmajority of athletic problems fall into one of three categories: (a) stress fractures of tibia (major lower leg bone), (b) compartmental syndromes-problems due to increased pressure in one of four "compartments" of the leg, or (c) inflammation of muscle-tendon units (tendonitis) either at their attachment to bone or within tendon sheaths. A) ;Stress Fracture of the Tibia Also known as a "march fracture," it was originally found predominantly among recruits unaccustomed to long, forced marches. Unlike the macrotrauma usually associated with fractures in bones, a stress fracture results from the repetitive microtrauma of footfall sustained by the lower limb in running, jumping or dancing. These fractures are most commonly located in the lower third of the tibia, but may

also be found in other bones of the lower limb espe<;ially the hip, the bones of the feet and the fibula. The athlete (often a long distance runner, jogger or ballet dancer) will complain of leg pain that is usually centered over the tibia. and comes on at progressively shorter distances into the training period. The person may sometimes complain of pain even while walking. Although stress fractures do not result in angulation of the tibia, it is occasionally reported that an athlete competing with known stress fracture, while running or cutting, hears a sudden crack and falls to the ground in severe pain. Subsequent x-rays then reveal a more typical fracture with gross disruption of normal anatomy. Thus, the tibia with a stress fracture is a weakened area susceptible to further

STRESS FRACTURE TENDON

ness or tingling sensation associated with the compartment pain because of less blood supply to the nerves of the lower leg and foot. The diagnosis of compartmental syndrome is made by noting a tense fullness over the muscles in the leg, and is confirmed by the use of direct pressure measurements in the affected compartments. It is now possible to insert small needles into the leg and measure the exact pressure within a muscle. Immediate treatment for an episode of compartment pain is icing and lying flat. Sometimes resting for 2-3 weeks will get rid of the problem. If it continues, surgery may be required. This is a relatively. minor surgical procedure, fasciotomy, in which the tight enveloping fascia of the compartment is divided .and the effective room for muscle swelling is greatly increased.

! :

Stress fracture of the tibia and achilles tendon.

injury. The diagnosis of a stress fracture is best confirmed by noting marked tenderness directly over the tibia. X-rays may initially not reveal the stress fractures and may become positive only two to four weeks after pain is first noted. This problem in x-ray diagnosis has recently been overcome with the use of radioactive bone scanning, in which a small dose of radioactive material (Technetium 99) is injected into the blood stream. The radioactive substance is absorbed and concentrates more at the stress fracture than at the surrounding bone and thus confirms the diagnosis. The treatment of stress fracture involves discontinuing activities requiring repetitive microtrauma (such as jogging) and may also require immobilization of the leg in a cast or brace. To maintain cardio-pulmonary fitness during this period, activities such as swimming are encouraged. Biking may also be done to maintain fitness, if this does not cause pain to the athlete. The healing time for a stress fracture is often frustratingly prolonged, taking roughly as long to heal the fracture as symptoms were present prior to diagnosis.

B) Compartmental Syndromes It is only in more recent times that

this problem has begun to be recognized and understood. In order to understand this condition, it should be noted that muscles, tendons, blood vessels and nerves of the lower leg are confined within four compartments or chambers. The walls of the compartments are composed of fascia and bone and are relatively rigid. Therefore it doesn't take much swelling of the enclosed muscle before the increased pressure in the compartment can compress the blood vessels and interfere with the blood supply of the muscle. When one does heavy exercise, there may be as much as 20 percent increase in the bulk of the exercised muscle that has to be contained by the tight compartmental walls. Pain results as the muscle works faster than the rate at which oxygen and nutrients arrive through blood vessels which are compressed. Surprisingly, it is often the well con-. ditioned athlete who develops this syndrome, as his muscle bulk has already been increased by training, with less extra room for swelling during exercise activity. There is sometimes some weak-

I ' '.

I I I . .•

I.·-=.: ···:···

Bone scan of the tibia, the arrows are pointing to stress fractures.

OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

FRONT OF LEG

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Lateral view of leg from which the cross-section of compartments are cut.

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENTS

NORMAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

LATERAL COMPARTMENT

I i

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENTS

HEAVY EXERCISE C) Shin Splints and Tendonitis

'I . I'

While the term "shin splints" is commonly used indiscriminately to denote all pain in th~ lower leg associated with exercise a more accurate description is inflammation of the muscles involved in running and jumping where they attach to the tibia. Tendonitis (or inflammation of tendons themselves) and shin splints are most commonly found in early or midseason in the poorly prepared athlete who does not adhere to a stretching and strengthening program before competing. Achilles tendonitis is a common cause of pain in the back of the leg of the athlete and ballet dancer. The treatment of tendonitis includes long, intermittent, gentle compression and sometimes discontinuing activities 40 COACH & ATHLETE

OCTOBER 1981

related to the muscle-tendon units for a week or two. Oral anti-inflammatory medications can be helpful, especially aspirin. Cortisone shots around the affected tendon should be avoided because they can weaken the tendon. When returning to activity, the athlete should embark on a stretching and strengthening program to prevent recurrences. Less common causes of leg pain in the athlete include muscle strain, muscle hernias, infection, cellulitis, arterial entrapment, and rarely, tumors. These problems are indeed infrequent and will be ruled out by the doctor caring for the athlete. The 7 Deadly Shins In a recent study conducted by Children's Hospital Sports Medicine Clinic, the following factors were noted to Âˇbe

the major causative and associated features: I) Training errors: abrupt changes in intensity, duration or frequency of training; 2) Musculotendinous imbalance of strength, flexibility or bulk; 3) Anatomical misalignment of the lower extremities (knock knees, bow legs, flat feet); 4) Footwear: improper fit, inadequate impact-absorbing material, excessive stiffness of soles, insufficient support of hind part of foot; 5) Running surface: concrete pavement versus asphalt, running track, dirt, or grass; 6) Rapid growth: the child or adolescent athlete; 7) Associated disease of the lower extremity (arthritis, for example). An intelligent approach to a training schedule will markedly reduce the risks of sustaining minor or major overuse syndrome injuries. You will require a pair of suitable shoes, should warm up well prior to competing and should be maximally stipple in all muscle tendon units. You should gradually increase your training program to allow your body to adapt to the repetitive stress. Finally, if you suspect that you have an unusual condition, consult your orthopaedic surgeon for advice! Proper training, at a slow, steady rate of progression is the most important factor in reducing the risk of shin splints. So, train carefully, diligently and intelligently and you will have many enjoyable seasons of athletic endeavors. 0 DR. LYLE J. MICHELI is Sportsmedicine Editor for Coach & Athlete and DR. ANTHONY E. WEBBER is presently a Fellow in the Division of Sportsmedicine at Children's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.

CONDITIONINO Play Tall With Pylons By Gregory J. Evans A new field training technique named "pylon thrust," aids both offensive receivers and defensive backs in both standing and in jumping vertical heights. This technique would improve the extension of the lower limbs, trunk,and upper portion of the body by increasing mobility, flexibility and coordination. The coaching staff would need the following equipment: 1. Ten (10) 3-foot orange pylons 2. Fifty (50) feet of plastic clothesline rope, or ten (10) 5-foot, single ropes 3. Five (5) yardsticks for measurement 4. Ten (10) 3-foot sticks The pylons are grouped in two sets each. The 5-foot ropes are connected to two 2-centimeter sticks, 3 feet in length, by drilling holes at the top of the sticks and pulling the ropes through. A single knot at each rope end is sufficient for support. The sticks are then placed in each pylon, and the pylons are placed five feet apart or extended until the rope is straight. The five groups of pylons are placed at vari-

ous sites on the practice field. The first group of pylons should be located in the center of the field, facing the nearest goalpost, at the 30 yard line. The second group should be located to the left of group one at the 25 yard line, five yards parallel to the sideline. The third set of pylons should be located again mid-field parallel to the sidelines at 15 yards to the end zone. The fourth group is located back up to the 20 yard line on the horizontal line markings on the field. The fifth group should be located near the goal line at the 5 yard line, again across the horizontal line markings on the field. The pylon's placement on the field is essential for this maneuver; I) it is related to the possible play action strategy, 2) it insures the delivery of an organized field training technique. In station #1 starting with the first group of pylons, the receivers and defensive backs attempt to jump this station, starting with a five-yard jog, jumping and landing on the other side of the rope with both feet underneath the body. In station #2, the athlete assumes a

Diagram 1

~ 'II:

)

til

• • • • • • • •• •• •• 1~- •

'II:

••

'II:

Coil·

•

= represents pylon stations

'II:

.....

•

.....

•• q

• •• • t 'II:

Col)

= represents direction of the agility drill

Note: Station #5, pylon placement should be set at a safe height and increased as needed depending on difficulty.

sprinting. pOSitiOn, sprints for 10 yards, attempting to hurdle over the rope. (As substitution in the station a regular hurdle could be used. It should be positioned at a 3-foot height.) In station #3, the athlete assumes a sprinting position, sprints 10 yards, attempting to jump over the rope while looking over his right shoulder toward the quarterback or the center of the field. The focus and football of this maneuver is directly related to receiving/intercepting a pass and completing this reception within the boundaries of the field. In station #4, the athlete assumes a sprinting position for 20 yards attempting to jump the rope, taking off three feet on the front side and landing within three feet on the back side of the rope. This is an excellent maneuver for defensive backs. It is directly related to pass blocking. In station #5, the athlete assumes a standing position with his back to the rope. He attempts to run backwards for 20 yards at.a fast pace and to jump backwards over the rope. Again, this is an excellent technique for backs and receivers. The overall benefit of the pylon thrust technique is to increase the athlete's vertical jumping height. Some other expected . benefits are: an increase in standing-jumping height, learn and control foot-falling techniques, improve leg coordination, increase depth perception, and improve overall balance .. Proper taping of the knee should be recommended for previous injuries. Athletes suffering from pain in the hips or prior back strain should be evaluated before adopting this technique. All athletes prone to ankle injuries should be restricted from practicing the pylon thrust until modified ankle development is incorporated and personalized taping recommended 0 GREGORY EVANS has done extensive research on physical conditioning for football. OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

FOOTBALL The Attitude Game By Bo Schembechler With Ken Gordon

"Any time you forget to coach attitude, you are going to end up with trouble," says Schembechler.

Mention the name "Bo," and only two names come to mind. Both are perfect lOs. One will draw crowds to the screen, one to a football stadium. He may not be a physical specimen like Bo Derek, but Bo Schembechler has become one of the most respected coaching specimens of the NCAA. His philosophy has brought 114 wins, 21 losses and 3 ties to the University of Michigan. ''Here are some of the things I feel are important to the approach of the game," he said to a group of high school coaches recently. "These are the things I learned this year [1980]. Do not under any circumstances take the kicking game for granted. Emphasize it, practice it, concentrate on it, coach it, and sell it I rl

COACH&ATHLETE

OCTOBER 1981

to your players. No matter what size squad you have, make sure you are assimilating what you will be seeing in the games in practice. Change your offensive and defensive patterns to conform with what you will have to go with. If it necessitates a slight deviation in the middle of the season, you have to be able to do that. Coach attitude always. Never let up, never take it for granted whether you are winning or losing, make sure you are concentrating on the attitude of your players. "In coaching, as well as playing, mistakes are the key," said the Michigan coach. "Coaching mistakes will cost you as many games as your players' mistakes." Schembechler, who won his first

Rose Bowl the first day of this year when the 8-2 Wolverines beat Washington, 23-6, told coaches that the lack of a good kicking game was responsible for the four losses the season before. "I'll tell you what will happen to you if you get in the position that we were in 1979," said Schembechler. "In 1978 our kicking game had been so good that we were not concerned about it. We never thought that we would have a bad kicking game. We went into the 1979 season with a mediocre kicker. In my first eleven years at Michigan we had four blocked punts. Our coverage was poor. Our snap from center was poor. Our returns were poor and we had the greatest return man in the country in Anthony Carter. Every single phase of our kicking game went down the drain. It wasn't that we didn't spend the same amount of time on the kicking game that we had spent in the past. It was just that we didn't emphasize it enough. You've heard a million times that you can get anything out of football that you want provided you spend enough time on it and emphasize it. We didn't do that in 1979 and we had the worst football team and the worst record since I have been at Michigan. We lost four games and the last three to close out the 1979 football season. That was a disaster. If I had to attribute it to one thing, it was complacency. It was not that we didn't recognize the importance of the kicking game. It was a complacency in the way that we taught it. That hurt us. "In 1980 we promised each other that we would win the kicking game," he said. "We would win it because we would emphasize it. We looked all over the United States to find a punter who would be effective for us. We found one in Thermopolis, Wyoming, who kicked

for about a 45-46 yard ond thing I did was to You can't do all ofthese are in high school, but .YOu these phases of the "We emphasized and set up charts to make winning the kicking game. when we Came out ahead game we were winning. To one of the really great year. It took a disaster we had to place more wUlpX,.<e><" "The second thing I tant is the ability to "uu.uxac~. tice," he said. "We have nate enough to have two nfft>noi\;p. against demonstration teams could run two plays a minute. fense we have had two against so that we got a lot We have felt that has been our success. When we cut back grant limit; the size of our to get smaller.. If you have ies your demonstration teams measure up. When we started season we had iost eight of eleven oil defense. We did good defensive linemen. have guys with the mobility to play defense. The guys playing guard and tackles for us were really verted linebackers. They 225-230 pound range. None were over 230 pounds. In that is small. If you find someone ing in the offensive line pounds you assume that he quick. On our defense we have rrPlrn"''''Âˇ dous mobility, We can run from to sideline or from goal line. Our problem, and we anlllCIPatea it, was that we could not take If we played a team with ~"'"""'f' fensive line, where they wete "'w"'""n'o guys off th~ line of scrimmage, our team would collapse. It was big and strong enough to hold "When we practiced against monstration team we looked stood them up and went to the looked good. But when we got day those offensive linemenÂˇ as good as our defense and stand up. At the end of our games [I found out] we were have to . have our first roTTPTu""" block against our first defense. first offensive line is big, powerful. It is one of the best have ever had. Physically, their feet, come off the ball,

ADMINISTRATION

By Phil Langan Radio Let's talk about the relationships with radio people in two segments: The first one deals with the sports director of your local station and the daily sports show; the second will relate to the playby-play announcer for game broadcasts. Your local station(s) usually has two or three sports shows a day. If you are dealing with just one, your contact should be a personal one-either faceto-face or by phone at least once a day. Stat leaders, injuries, quotes on upcoming opponents, and praise for a player or players in the last game are all things that the sports director can use for his daily broadcasts. You might also suggest interviews of your top players, where the announcer asks them one 44

COACH & ATHLETE

OCTOBER 1981

or two questions concerning the last game or the next one. Âˇ When you are in a city locale where there are two or more stations, you cannot afford the time for personal contact with all of them every day, but it might be a good bet to call at least one a day to keep them updated on the team. Your efforts might not pay off every day, but if they get you several mentions a week throughout the city, it will be a nice boost to your program. Disc-jockeys and talk show hosts are other excellent outlets for you to work on. They are always looking for something different on their programs and you might want to drop in on them each week for a brief appearance on their shows. Its a good way to promote your upcoming game and to get your name in front of the area housewives

and.young people, many of whom are potential fans. If your games are broadcast, you should have daily contact with the play-by-play person. Update line-ups, information about injuries, line-up changes, position switches, stat leaders, good quotes on opponents, and any other opponent information you might have. Urge the play-by-play man to conduct player interviews for the pre-game show or the daily sports show if he is also the sports director. As far as the game itself is concerned, make sure you check with the announcer on the day of the game for any last minute changes, especially number changes and line-up and depth chart changes. Many times the playby-play man for a high school game is alone, and that means handling the engineering part of the broadcast as well as the play-by-play and color. Even a two-person broadcast crew has a lot of responsibility, and one headache they don't need is a late number change or a new name in the starting line-up. When there is an injury on the field or on the court or wherever the action is, make sure there is some kind of arrangement which will assure the announcer of receiving the information for the listening audience. This can usually be handled through a manager or assistant coach. Your broadcasting crew should also have the courtesy of a decent press box set up. First of all, make sure the area, no matter how small, is clean. Secondly, make sure it has some kind of privacy so that people are not breathing down the broadcaster's neck while he is trying to follow the game. Third, have an electrician on hand in case something goes wrong during the game. Fourth, try to provide something cold or hot to drink. And fifth, if they don't have a half-time guest try to provide one. These items can be arranged in advance. One of your managers or a member of the booster club can be assigned to work with the radio team to provide something to drink and keep

people away from the broadcast area. Try to have the stat crew as close to the radio areas as possible so that the best information on team and individual stats can be relayed to the radio people on a consistent basis. Make sure that the radio crew is given a list of items to read on the air when there is some empty space during the game. Promos for the next home game, ticket prices, promos for another sport, are all items that the broadcasters will be happy to use during the game. They always need filler material. The courtesy you show to your own radio station· should also be extended to your opponent's station. Again, the manager or booster club representative can handle this for you. Hopefully, your opponents will reciprocate when you visit them. If your games are not broadcast, start talking with your local station or stations on what it would take to have the games broadcast on a Jive or delayed basis. A one-station situation is difficult. They may tell you that their audience wants a particular kind of programming and that sports is not a part of it. Or they may tell you that no one wants to sponsor the broadcasts. There is little you can do with the former predicament except to keep trying every year. However, the sponsorship excuse is another matter, and is something that you can help rectify. If advertising is the roadblock, find out exactly what the station needs to pay its bills and make a profit on the broadcast, and then offer your services and those of your booster club members in the sale of advertising space. This enthusiasm on your part might spur the station to start selling. The station -may decide .to use you in closing sales with potential sponsors who show the most interest. You and the booster club members may have to work as a team with the radio people and go from store to store seeing how many people would be interested. If you do, make sure you have rate sheets available for everyone. Keep in mind that producing a series of football or basketball games is not an easy or inexpensive proposition. The advertising revenue should cover all costs and give the station a profit. If you can pull this off, you can practically assure yourself of play-by-play coverage. You may ask what value there is in having your games broadcast. First of

all, a Jot of fans cannot attend the games because of work, illness, sellouts, lack of funds, and other reasons. Broadcasting gives them the chance to enjoy the games. Secondly, it gives you a chance to promote your program via good player interviews, promotions of upcoming games, season tickets, away games, your end-of-season banquet and season and single game tickets for other sports. Third, by having your games broadcast you increase the chances of another team at your school having its games broadcast. Finally, everyone who listens to your games is a potential paying customer and a potential booster club member. Of course, it is easier to sell your games if you are winning. If you are coming off a winning season, and the prospects of a big winner are in store for the upcoming season, then you have a good chance to sell the games on that basis alone. People love to be connected with a winner. Your sales pitch to the station and advertisers is that you are a winner, and the next season looks good. This will mean increased fan interest via radio. This, in turn, means greater sales potential for the advertiser. And don't forget your station when it is on the road. Before the season, call your opponent coaches and tell them that your station will be broadcasting. Ask them to make sure the station has a place to broadcast, and emphasize that you will reciprocate the following year. The successful broadcasts of your team's games are dependent on anumber of people, and you are the most important, from the selling of the advertising time, to the success of the mid-week interviews and the preparation work of the broadcasters. In other words, once the ads are sold, your work is far from over. Make the announcers feel like an integral part of your overall program. They can be valuable friends 12 months of the year. Whatever the package, keep in mind that radio is the best way to reach a large number of people at the least cost. All the time you put into providing good material to sports directors and servicing your game broadcasters is worth it. Radio will reach a wide range of publics, can win you new fans, can create a strong professional image for you and can make your team and program something special. Don't neglect it.

A MANUAL ON PUBLIC RELATIONS, COMMUNITY RELATIONS AND PROMOTION FOR THE HIGH SCHOOL COACH

82 Pages Covering • Public Relations • Media Relations • Community Relations • Promotion • Booster Clubs

• aimed at helping the coach of every high school sport promote and publicize his/her program . • aimed at strengthening the image and the importance of high school sports in your community. • designed exclusively for the high school coach • written by Phil Langan, a 16 year professional in athletic public relations • The price is $6.50. Make check payable to Phil Langan and mail with your order to: Phil Langan, Director of Sports Information, Box 1932, Brown Univ., Providence, R.I. 02912

OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

Television If there is a television station in your city, the chances for exposure are lim-

ited because there are usually just two five-minute sports shows a day. However, there are possibilities. What can you do? Make sure that all your scores are phoned in, win or lose. Make your station(s) aware of good potential features like long winning streaks, athletes who are breaking a number of school, league or state records, an athlete who has overcome a serious injury, or an athlete from a great athletic family. Television stations are always looking for good features. If you have something worthwhile, call them with an idea. Nine times out of ten it won't happen, but persistence pays off and, eventually, if you present a series of good ,feature ideas to a station, it will grab a hold of one and give you some excellent exposure. You should not bother the television station(s) with routine or mundane items. Give them story ideas that are good enough for immediate coverage or which can be put in the think tank for future reference. If you bother the television people, or any media personnel for' that matter' with a stream of dull ideas you may lose the opportunity for coverage when something good comes along. And just as you do

with newspapers and radio, respect television deadlines; make sure TV personnel are invited to all special functions; and remember to thank them for their favors toward you and your team. Alert your booster organization members and the parents of your players to call and thank a television station when it has done something special for your team. Actually, this is something your booster club group should try to do with all media outlets. Photographers

The photographer from the local newspaper can prove to be a valuable ally for the high school coach and, as a member of the media, should be treated with respect and afforded as much cooperation as possible while working with you and your team. What is the photographer looking for, and what are your responsibilities to him? First of all, whenever the paper schedules a photo session of your team, you should be there from start to finish to help the photographer. Sec~ ondly, if the newspaper is interested enough to send a photographer to take pictures of your team members, you should do all you can to help him get the job done as efficiently as possible. Once the pictures are taken, ask the photographer if he will _make you a few pictures of each player and give you a discount price. In some instances;

-< -<

> ~

if you have been cooperative and helpful, the photographer will give you a couple of sets at no charge. In others, he will charge you a minimal fee. These pictures can be used for your press needs. If your paper doesn't contact you about pre-season pictures then you should contact the sports editor to see if he/she is- interested. If the paper says no, then you have to work out an arrangement with the newspaper photographer, a commercial photographer, or a member of the booster club to take pictures for you so that you can provide some pictureS to the local papers. One of the best arrangements is to offer the photographer a chance to sell mug shots and team pictures to the players arid parents in return for his/her time in taking the pictures and giving you 3-4 complete sets of photos for press use. All you have to do is get the team members, parents, boosters, etc. together for several hours some evening after the season to meet with the photographer and look at his/her work. If the work can be arranged with the newspaper photographer, it can be a mutually · profitable venture over the course of a few years, and that relationship can hdp ·you out on many occasions' when you 'might need a 'special favor. One final note as far as mug shots are concerned, and this one might be directed toward a booster club member who takes pictures as a hobby. See if the member might be able to take some color slides of the top four or five members of your team and have a few sets .made. These slides could then be sent to area television stations, and when your team's performance is mentioned on TV,. pictures of your leading players could be flashed on the screen. It's an expensive Item, but there are booster members who might like to handle the whole project for you. _.Our final article will deal with community rehitions, and promotion, and will 'also discuss booster clubs to sorrie degree; - · A final reminder, though, that your time schedule as coach may not allow you to do all the thirigs we discuss, but there may be one or even two ideas which will · apply to your situation. Don't be afraid to develop something we discuss. It might produce a big pay0 off for your program. · PHIL LANGAN is Sports Information Director at Brown University.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION Keep It Fun By Richard Cote The success of any general physical conditioning class is usually measured in terms of physiological improvement and the enjoyment of the participants. Physical educators should make every effort to make the class stimulating, enjoyable and popular in order to get the most productive results. An effective and practical course for thirty-five to forty students with one instructor can be implemented by using the following activities: 1. Circuit Training Course 2. Running 3. Agility Circuit 4. Games The goals of the course should be clarified before the start of the course. These objectives include: 1. At the end of this thirteen-week course, each student will execute the circuit training course three times in less than a specified amount of time. 2. Each student will run an agility circuit course twice with increased repetitions and longer working times. 3. Those students who cannot perform any pull-ups must eventually be able to do one successful pull-up. 4. Those students who can do two or more pull-ups are expected eventually to double their load. 5. Each student will demonstrate a reasonable improvement in the mile run. A pre-test and post-test will be given, and the instructor will meet with each student to agree on a satisfactory time. 6. Each student will be able to jump rope for ten minutes at the end of the course. 7. Each student must compete in the following class activities: ultimate Frisbee, co-ed soccer, crab soccer, cage ball, and tug of war.

Circuit Training Course The Circuit Training Course is the most important segment of this class.

All of the activities are performed to modern music. The students and instructor agree to the music which suits each activity. On the first day of class, students are given 3x5 index cards (remember to bring enough pencils), and asked to record their maximal efforts on the ten different activities in the circuit training course. The student's maximal efforts are the number of exercises done Âˇ in a 30-second period. The instructor coordinates the 30-second time allotment by using a stop watch and signalling the class with a whistle at the beginning and end of each exercise. The various exercises, located in different areas of the exercise area, are: A. Name B. Vertical Jumps (standing position-jump from toes to recorded height) C. Push-Ups D. Squat-Thrusts E. Shuttle Run (running forward 25 '-touch line-run backwards 25'-touch line) F. Figure Eights G. Step-Ups (use chairs) H.Rope Skips I. Sit-Ups J. Dips (use chairs)

Running An obstacle course is run three times during the course. Its purpose is simply to break up the daily circuit routine and allow students to have a good time. Any teacher can set up a good obstacle course. The course should be fun but demanding. The instructor can make up teams for competition, and run this course to fast music. Students go over benches and tables, up a ladder, in barrels, under hurdles, over hurdles, etc. You can do anything you want if you let your imagination work.

prescribed time. Start students at ten seconds per station, two times around. This circuit is done routinely at the discretion of the instructor. It is not a replacement for the other circuit. The stations are as follows: Station 1 Running forward 15 feet, Running backward 15 feet Station 2 Monkey Walk: a student walks on hands and feet moves forward backwards, and sideways in a square. Station 3 Slide and Touch: a student slides side to side (15-foot distance from line to line) and touches a line. Station 4 Mountain Climbers: a student gets in push-up position alternates leg flexion and extension. Station 5 Slide-touch and Spin: same as the drill in Station 3; however, as student touches the line he braces himself on one hand and makes a full tum. Then he resumes slide to the opposite side. Station 6 Running in all directions: students run full speed forward, Âˇ backwards and sideways.

Games The most popular game played in body conditioning is ultimate frisbee. Twenty students can play without space problems. The running and competitiveness of the activity makes the game an excellent cardio-vascular conditioner. The game is played by having each team run, throw, and catch a frisbee. One team tries for interceptions and deflections, while the other team tries to score a touchdown. Whenever the frisbee hits the floor, the defending team becomes the offensive team. Games are essential to a course of this nature; they provide the necessary 0 motivation and discipline.

Agility Circuit The Agility Circuit is a six-station exercise emphasizing speed and change of direction. The students go from station to station doing each exercise in a

RICHARD COTE is tennis coach at the University of Hartford in Connecticut.

OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

country season. Track and Field Association/United States of America (TFAI USA) has sanctioned the championships which are sponsored by Kinney Shoe Corporation.

Athletic Directors Changes

Kinney Cross Country Championships The nation's top high school cross country runners will compete in the Third Annual Kinney Cross Country Championships this fall. A national consortium of high school cross country coaches and regional running club directors will organize four regional events leading to a national championships in Orlando, Florida on December 12, 1981. The four regional qualifying meets will be held on November 28, 1981 in New York City; Shawnee Mission, Kansas; and Atlanta, Georgia, and on December 5, 1981 in Fresno, California. The Kinney Cross Country Championships are open to all high school students who have been running competitively during the 1981 fall cross 48

COACH & ATHLETE OCTOBER !981

The NCAA reports the following changes in college Directors of Athletics: JOHN GALARIS selected at Salem State ... ALAN MOLDE chosen at Central Missouri State. Molde will remain head footballcoach ... RONALD ZWIERLEIN resigned at John Carroll to become men's and women's swimming coach at Bowling Green State ... CHALMER HIXSON, a member of the MCAA Council, retired at Wayne State, replaced by VERNON PAYNE ... RALPH BARKEY named at Sonoma State ... PAUL GRIFFIN appointed at Jacksonville ... RICHARD DULL chosen at Maryland .. MICHAEL SLIVE selected at Cornell ... NELL JACKSON named at Binghamton State ... CREIGHTONBURNSappointedAD and basketball coach at Indiana StateEvansville, replacing WAYNE BOULTINGHOUSE, who resigned ... EDWARD J. MANETTA JR. named at DePaul, replacing VINCENT J. BATTAGLIA, who was serving as acting AD ... DON HARNUM resigned at Susquehanna to become assistant executive director for men's sports in the Middle Atlantic States Conference ... JAMES P. CULLPEPPER chosen at Worcester Tech ... ED GREEN selected at Roanoke ... FRED SCHAUS named at West Virginia ... WILLIAM GLOSSON resigned at Texas Southern ... RAYMOND A. LOUTHEN resigned at Ball State ... JOHN A. DICKASON named interim AD at Thiel, replacing CHARLES R. MANES, who resigned ... LOUIS A. SORRENTINO appointed at Lebanon Valley ... RON WELLMAN resigned as athletic director and baseball coach at Elmhurst, named baseball coach at Northwestern ... JERRY SCHWEIKERT hired at John Carroll ... GALE _SAYERS resigned at Southern IllinoisCarbondale.

Kentucky coach Fran Curci

John, Why? Dr. Otis Singletary, president of the University of Kentucky, put himself in the corner of football Coach Fran Curci following reports that Governor John Y. Brown wants to replace Curci with former pro coach George Allen. Singletary, in a prepared statement, said the school is not shopping for another football coach and that the procedure for selecting a coach rests with the school's Athletics Association. After Brown's statement, Curci commented on the Governor's remarks. "I think a lot of it was politics," Curci said, "and that was an unfortunate thing. I think he was out of line in taking that approach, but that's his prerogative." Allen withdrew his name from consideration after the matter had been well played by the media.

Coaching and Selling Don't Mix Members of the National Sporting Goods Association have expressed concern over the increase in direct or indirect sales of athletic equipment to schools by employees of the schools. It is the position of National Sporting Goods Association that such a practice should not be permitted.

Dental Injury Guide The American Dental Association is offering a "Dental Emergencies Procedures" chart outlining first aid procedures for toothache, knocked-out or broken teeth, split lip and other dental-related medical emergencies. The chart is great for posting in locker rooms or training rooms. To order the chart, send $1.00 to American Dental Association Order Department, CAT 80/81, 211 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, (312) 440-2588.

Players' Personalities Thirty members of the varsity football team at West Texas State University in Canyon, Texas served as subjects for a study to assess possible changes in personalities of football players during the football season. Players ranged in age from 19 to 22 and all were members of the offensive or defensive starting line-up for at least two games during the season. In sociability, prior to the season the players scored slightly lower than the general population. They tended to be somewhat stiff, aloof, and skeptical, prefering to be alone. They were to some degree rigid in their way of doing things and at times were critical and obstructive. By season's end, however, the players had experienced a change which placed them slightly higher than average in sociability. They became more good natured, easy-going, and cooperative. They were more soft-hearted and attentive to people and enjoyed dealing in socially impressive situations. They were also significantly more dominant by the end of the season. At season's end the players were more assertive, self-assured, and independentminded. They tended to disregard authority and demonstrated authoritarian, sometimes hostile attitudes. Surgency levels also rose: the players became more cheerful, active, and talkative. They tended to be frank, carefree, and somewhat impulsive. During the 1977 season, the West Texas State football team experienced two completely different levels of success. After opening the season with four consecutive losses, the team won six and tied one of the final seven games, finishing the season as champions of the Mis-

souri Valley Conference. It may be possible that some of the personality changes were related to the way this particular season progressed. The main observation resulting from the study seems to be that personality changes in the players during the football season were generally positive ones. Dr. Sturd Wanamaker, Professor of Physical Education at Southwestern University, conducted the study.

James (Too Big) Polk Like all coaches, Grambling's Eddie Robinson is on the constant lookout for linemen that are big and mean. Eddie thought he'd found a super one when he landed tackle James Polk of Houston- 6 feet 9 and 325 pounds. But they couldn't find shoes or a helmet big enough to fit him, forcing him to sit out opening practice last week. Polk wears a size 16 shoe and an 8 Y2 helmet. Despite the setback, Polk had the coaching staff wide-eyed when he ran a 40-yard dash in 5.4 seconds.

Success and the Long-Distance Runner A new free-loan film, "To Be a Champion," delivers to teenagers the message that losing and failing are not the same thing. The 23-minute film, created for assembly and classroom use, was produced by Field & Wall Associates for Kinney Shoe Corp. and is being distributed to schools by Association Films, Inc., New York. The film focuses on 70 high school runners, 35 girls and 35 boys, regional finalists gathered in San Diego for the 5,000-meter Kinney Cross Country Championships. The film follows them from pre-race festivities through the thrills and pressures of the race to postrace reactions of both winners and losers. Requests for free-loan bookings should be addressed to Association Films, Inc., 866 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022. Association Films, a major distributor of sponsored films, is a unit of Macmillan Electronic Media.

Coaching Changes in Div. 1-A and 1-AA Coaching changes in Divisions 1-A and 1-AA following the 1980 college football season (previous school in parentheses):

Division 1-A Auburn- Pat Dye (Wyoming). Boston College- Jack Bicknell (Maine). Cincinnati - Mike Gottfried (Murray State). Georgia Southern - Erk Russell (Georgia, assistant). Holy Cross - Rick Carter (Dayton). Illinois State- Bob Otolski, (Indiana, assistant). Kent State - Ed Chlebek (Boston College). Memphis State - Rex Dockery (Wake Forest). NE Louisiana - Pat Collins (NE Louisiana, assistant). North Texas State - Bob Tyler (Mississippi State). Northwestern - Dennis Green (Stanford, assistant). Notre Dame - Gerry Faust (Moeller HS, Cincinnati). Pennsylvania- Jerry Moore (North Texas State). Wake Forest- AI Groh (Wake Forest, assistant). Wyoming - AI Kincaid (Wyoming, assistant). Division 1-AA Austin Peay - Emory Hale (Oak Ridge HS, Tenn.). Âˇ Delaware State- Joe Purzycki (Delaware, assistant). Lafayette - Bill Russo (Wagner). Maine- Ron Rogerson (Delaware, assistant). Âˇ Morehead State - Steve Loney (Morehead State, assistant). Murray State - Frank Beamer (Murray State, assistant). Nicholls State - Sonny Jackson (NE Louisiana, assistant). Northeastern - Paul Pawlak (Massachusetts, assistant). Portland State - Don Read (Oregon Tech). Southern University - Otis Washington (LSU, assistant). Texas Southern- Joe Redmond (Central State, Ohio). Weber State - Mike Price (Missouri, assistant).

OCTOBER 1981

COACH & ATHLETE

COACH CLASSIFIED POSITIONS WANTED Do you want to move onto a higher paying or more satisfying coaching and/or teaching position? For only 25<t per word, you can get your message across to over 343,000 coaches and athletic directors. Only 25- per word and $1.00 for a confidential box number.

COACHING AIDS Free Information. How to build and maintain a successful Basketball program ... JM Publications, Dept. 103, 270 North Canon Drive, Beverly Hills, CA 90210 DMSO (Solvent) · 4 oz. bottle $8.00, 8 oz. bottle $11.00. Check to EEDCO, Box 257, 340 Sunset Drive, Winchester Bay, OR 97467, Dept W.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES PART TIME Sales Positions Available. We manufacture the finest sports teain posters. Earn $8,000 to $15,000 while you stay in coaching. For more information write: Maurice Larrimore & Associates, 5633 Loranger,· Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809. EARN EXTRA MONEY. DMSO (Solvent). Buy Wholesale, Sell Retail. 4 oz. bottle plus info $8.00. Check to EEDCO, Box 257, 340 Sunset Dr., Winchester Bay, OR 97467.

BOOKS. BASKETBALL: 65 Programmed Principles, SOCCER: 42 PP, BASKETBALL'S ORIGINS. Simple, fun, interesting, effective! Players. teach themselves basic principles. $1.95. Quantity rates. BEAR Publications, Box 95-C, Cambridge, NY 12816.

New Basketball Digest. Four Dollar.s-Gift included. Bunny Levitt, 689 Midway, Ocala, Florida 32672. Basketball Coaches! Put zip in practice with best-selling Basketball Fun Drills. Check to Bailiwick Press, Box 84, Baldwin, Maryland 21013. The Atlantic Coast Conference by Dr. Bruce A. Corrie. Carolina Academic Press, P.O. Box 8791, Forest Hills Station, Durham, N.C. 27707. $12.95 each (postage and handling @$.80). Publisher will pay postage and handling on all prepaid orders. 52 COACH & ATHLETE OCTOBER 1981

BOOKS

ASSOCIATIONS

Dope: The Use of Drugs in Sport, by Les Woodland. David & Charles Publishers, North Pomfret, Vermont 05053. $21.50.

The National High School Athletic Associati.on, 3423 East Silver Springs Blvd., S-9, Ocala, FL 32670.

COACHING VACANCIES If your school has a vacancy, fill it with the best candidates by placing a classified advertisement for only 254 per word. It will be read by over 343,000 coaches and athletic directors.

EQUIPMENT PEP CLUBS - Custom lron-Ons. Your Design. Mandelker's 2532(R) E. Belleview, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211. THE TEAM'S ALL HERE Tee Shirts, Jackets. Names of all team members listed. Mandelker's, 2532(S) E. Belleview, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211. Screen Printed T-Shirts, caps, and Shimmels. Excellent prices, fast delivery. GOODSPORTS, 6984 McKinley, Sebastopol, California 95472 (707)823-8425.

PLAQUES TEAM PICTURE PLAQUES. Your school name, team picture, achievements and names of team members are highlighted with school colors and mounted on a 10V.x13 hardboard plaque. Two styles are available. Acrylic Overlay and Acrylic Overlay with Metal plate. Factory direct prices: $9.75 with 5 minimum. Free information and sample. Creative Placs, Box 946, Issaquah, WA 98027, (206) 392-1802. INDIVIDUAL PICTURE PLAQUES. School name, logo, athlete's name, achievements are highlighted with school color, covered with clear acrylic and mounted on an 8x10 hardboard plaque. Factory direct: $8.75 with 5 minimum. Free information and sample. Creative Placs, Box 946, Issaquah, WA 98027, (206) 392-1802. ATHLETIC AWARDS. Custom certificates and plaques for all sports. Imprinted with school name, athlete's name and sport emblem. Great for MVP, Letter Award, Most Improved, etc. Free information and samples. Creative Placs, Box 946, Issaquah, WA 98027, (206) 392-1802.

The American Football Coaches Association, Box 8705, Durham, NC 27707. The Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, 1201 16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Association of Sports Museums and Halls of Fame, 9800 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90045. Golf Coaches Association of America, New Mexico State, Las Cruces, NM 88001. National Association of Basketball Coaches of the U.S., P.O. Box 307, Branford, CT 06405.

ATTENTION HIGH SCHOOL CROSS COUNTRY RUNNERS The Third Annual Kinney Cross Country Championships is coming soon! Four Regional Meets: November 28- New York City; Shawnee Mission, Kansas; Atlanta. December 5- Fresno, California. National Championships: December 12- Orlando, Florida. Entry deadline is November 15, 1981 for all regional meets. Contact: Max Mayo, Cedar Shoals H.S., Athens GA 30603; (404) 456-5375.

ONLY 25c per word! The COACH & ATHLETE Classified is published in every issue. Effective with the March issue, rates are 25¢ per word; 15-word minimum. 25¢ per word for four or more prepaid consecutive insertions using the same cOpy. Box number is $1.00 per month. Box numbers and phone numbers count as two words, abbreviations and zip codes count as one word. Area codes must accompany phone numbers. Money orders or check must accompany copy and be received prior to closing date (first week of month; two months preceding cover date). Make all checks payable to COACH & A THLETE, P.O. Box 657, Needham, MA 02192. FREE!! Any institution or organization may place a FREE classified ad in the "Coaching Vacancies" category. Box number extra.

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