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Issue 208 December 2025

Connecting Agriculture in the Northern Great Plains

Read More 2025 Prairie Grains Conference preview USW publishes 2025 Crop Quality Report Wheat Yield winners revealed Minnesota Wheat, 2600 Wheat Drive, Red Lake Falls, MN 56750

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Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Prairie Grains December 2025 | Issue 208

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Against the Grain: USW chair, ND farmer reflects on value of wheat checkoff

Industry involvement: MAWG’s halfcentury of advocacy makes impact across generations

A Grain of Knowledge: From quiet to quality, researchers pleased with 2025 growing season

Blood type A(griculture): Jim Peterson steps up as NDWC administrator

Insurance essentials: Crop safety nets have protected producers for nearly 100 years

Cover Story It’s time for farmers across the Prairie Grains region to go shopping – small grain variety shopping. Dive into the 2025 variety trial data from public universities and private enterprises, published yearly in this special issue. Starting on page 34, the Dec. 2025 issue of Prairie Grains Magazine has all the information needed to make informed purchasing decisions.

PUBLISHER AND CIRCULATION

Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers 2600 Wheat Drive • Red Lake Falls, MN 56750 218.253.4311 • Email: mnwheat@mnwheat.com Web: www.mnwheat.org

EDITORIAL

Sydney Harris, Managing Editor Ag Management Solutions Ph: 218.689.5091 Email: sharris@agmgmtsolutions.com

CONTENT EDITORS

Drew Lyon, News Editor Ag Management Solutions Ph: 507.388.1635 Email: dlyon@agmgmtsolutions.com Katelyn Engquist Ag Management Solutions Ph: 507.508.1540 Email: kengquist@agmgmtsolutions.com

ART DIRECTOR

Alex Troska Ag Management Solutions Ph: 952.334.2539 Email: atroska@agmgmtsolutions.com

OUR COLLABORATORS Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers 2600 Wheat Drive • Red Lake Falls, MN 56750 218.253.4311 • Email: mnwheat@mnwheat.com Web: www.mnwheat.org

ADVERTISING SALES Jill Thibert LHM & Co Ph: 218.280.2821 Email: jill@lhmandco.com

North Dakota Grain Growers Association 2401 46th Ave SE , Suite 204 • Mandan, ND 58554 701.222.2216 • Email: danw@ndgga.com Web: www.ndgga.com

ABOUT PRAIRIE GRAINS

South Dakota Wheat Growers Association 116 N. Euclid, Box 667 • Pierre, SD 58501 605.224.4418 • Email: wheatinc@midco.net

Prairie Grains magazine is published six times annually and delivered free of charge to members of these grower associations, and agriculture producers in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana. To subscribe or change address, please write or call our circulation department.

Montana Grain Growers Association P.O. Box 1165 • Great Falls, MT 59403 • 406.761.4596 Email: erobinson@mgga.org • Web: www.mgga.org

December 2025 |

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We’re growing: USW chair, ND farmer reflects on value of wheat checkoff Well, folks, another wheat growing season has come and gone – and what a season it was. Every year, farmers across the Prairie Grains region face new, and recurring, challenges. This year proved to be no different. Now, more than ever, export market development is proving critical for wheat producers. As the organization that promotes the reliability, quality and value of all six U.S. wheat classes to industry stakeholders in more than 100 countries around the world, U.S. Wheat Associates employs sales and technical experts in 13 overseas offices who nurture and develop relationships with our customers. They are our eyes and ears, continually looking for opportunities to sell U.S. wheat and providing technical expertise as needed. As USW chair, I am fortunate to witness the impact this organization has on markets across the world. The inroads made by USW wouldn’t be possible without exemplary leaders manning the ship. In July, we bid farewell to Vince Peterson, who led USW as president and CEO for eight years, when he retired, and welcomed Mike Spier to the helm. Previously, Spier served as USW’s vice president of overseas operations, making him an excellent candidate for the role. We’re excited to see the direction the organization takes under his leadership and have no doubt that U.S. wheat producers will benefit. On the home front, the North Dakota Wheat Commission has also undergone a significant staff change. After 27 years of working on behalf of North Dakota wheat producers as NDWC’s administrator, Neal Fisher earned a well-deserved retirement.

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Prairie Grains

| December 2025

While we’re sad to producer of wheat and see him go, we’re the top producing state happy that now of the durum and hard he has more time red spring wheat classes, for fishing with but it’s also the nation’s his grandkids and leading producer of riding horseback. sunflowers, edible beans, Succeeding Neal oats, flax, rye, honey as administrator and canola. Our state’s is a familiar face. diverse agriculture Jim Peterson landscape doesn’t end has worked in there: North Dakota is various roles at also a major producer of NDWC since soybeans, corn, barley, Jim Pellman 1991, most recently serving as deputy peas, lentils, sugar beets and potatoes. administrator. A North Dakota farm We may be known for freezing boy, Jim’s transition to administrator temperatures and blizzards, but I want has been seamless, and the to emphasize that North Dakota is an Commission is in good hands. agriculture state. In fact, according to the Speaking of the Commission, North Dakota Department of Agriculture, NDWC works on behalf of North nearly 90 percent of North Dakota land Dakota farmers, using their checkoff area is farms and ranches, and agriculture investments to market and promote is responsible for almost one-fourth of wheat domestically and worldwide, the state’s employment, making it the invest in research to give producers largest segment of the state’s economy. the best varieties and ensure wheat We’re more than a frozen tundra, which producers have an effective voice on I’m excited to demonstrate to our peers domestic and trade policy issues. These across the country. dollars are farmer dollars, which is why As we gear up for 2026, it may be it’s so significant that investments are easy to focus on the obstacles, but I directed by producers. Because the encourage you to also take a moment seven farmer-leaders that comprise to remember the opportunities in our the board of commissioners volunteer industry, which will be highlighted countless hours and engage in robust during the Prairie Grains Conference conversations to determine the best use Dec. 10-11 in Grand Forks. The wheat of checkoff funds, the Commission is a industry’s advancements also shine powerhouse for growers in our state. when you look at the vast amount of And next summer, industry variety research, which you can study stakeholders from across the country in this issue of Prairie Grains Magazine. will have the opportunity to see Together, we will make the most firsthand North Dakota’s significant out of 2026. Until then, have a great role in the U.S. agriculture industry holiday season! when we host the USW summer board Jim Pellman farms near McClusky, meeting June 23-25 in Fargo. Not only N.D., and serves as chair of U.S. is North Dakota consistently a top Wheat Associates.

Betsy Jensen is a Farm Business Management Instructor at Northland Community and Technical College. Follow her on X at @jensenbetsyr.

Big dreams I love a good post-harvest rally. That price for which I have been waiting for all harvest has finally arrived. This is the price of my harvest dreams. And then I change my mind and wait for another dime or quarter. Does that sound familiar? How often do our dreams come true, only to discover the dream has changed? Maybe you are dreaming of your kids coming home to farm, but now all four want to farm. How is that going to work? Now you are dreaming that a few change their minds and work off the farm. Or maybe it is a piece of land that you have wanted to own, but you also need a new shop. It’s okay that dreams and plans can change. Before you change your dream price targets, step back and think about how far that market has moved. I am begging you not to change your price targets. You can change your bushels, but not the target. If you wanted $6 wheat and we hit $6 wheat, you need to sell something. Your dream price should be the final price target, and I call this the “Lightning Strike Me Dead” price. You

will be struck by lightning if you hold a crop past that price. Make sure it is a long shot price, like beans in the teens or double-digit wheat. If we hit that price, load the trucks, collect the check and don’t look back. There are so many unusual triggers in our economy, such as tariffs and government shutdowns. We always have ups and downs in crop marketing, but we are being hit by some unusual external factors. We missed some USDA reports this fall, the statisticians aren’t working and it will be interesting to see what reports indicate later this winter. This year seems to have more risk than prior years. Your price targets and goals should be adaptable, and unfortunately that might mean lowering the price targets. Nearly everyone I have worked with this year has plans to add storage. That is a profitable idea when we have a full carry in the market. It is not a good idea when you plan to hold what I call “Birthday Crop.” Use caution when your crops celebrate a birthday on your farm. That can be a very expensive decision. You can build bins because

you are growing more corn, or you need storage closer to fields, but bins for Birthday Crops should be reconsidered. As I write this article, there is an eighty cent carrying charge in spring wheat. December 2026 futures are eighty cents higher than December 2025. That is a huge carrying charge. We do not often get that much of a premium for storing wheat or planning ahead for sales. Your dream price might be out there, but only if you plan ahead and make sales in advance. As a farm management instructor, I love hearing the goals and dreams of farmers. There are a few common goals but also unique goals such as changing crops, changing tillage systems or unique transition plans. Please think about your dreams and goals and make sure to write them down. The top goal should be to remain profitable and live to farm another year. That is where a marketing plan can help you remain rational when the markets are irrational. That post harvest rally has been hoped for all year and it has finally arrived. Use your marketing plan to keep the farming dream alive. December 2025 |

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by Sydney Harris

Industry involvement MAWG’s half-century of advocacy makes impact across generations Minnesota wheat farmers need a voice at the legislative table. The Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers (MAWG) was established in 1975 to do just that – represent Minnesota wheat producers in St. Paul and Washington, D.C. And, since its inception, MAWG’s backbone has been its farmer-leaders, who are elected to represent the best interests of growers throughout their region. “Farmers can really advocate for what we need in a way that industry doesn’t have the same ability,” MAWG Treasurer Tate Petry said. “When farmers go to St. Paul and Washington, D.C., legislators really seem to stop, listen and try to understand the things that we’re saying. We’re the boots on the ground.” There’s no doubt that farmers’ voices resonate within the walls of legislative buildings, making MAWG membership a critical tool toward improving profits for Minnesota wheat producers. Under the guidance of its board of directors, MAWG plays a key role in ensuring that important projects and policies become reality, while at the same time, playing legislative defense. “As a MAWG board member, instead of sitting around having coffee and

complaining about it, we can talk directly to somebody that might be able to do something about it,” MAWG President Kevin Leiser said.

Family traditions Elected by their fellow farmers, MAWG directors carve out precious time to advocate for the state’s wheat industry. Meeting six times a year, the MAWG board comprises seven members. Two represent District 1, two represent District 2 and three are at-large, serving the entire state. With three-year terms, there is only one seat up for election this MAWG director election season – an at-large position currently held by Petry – which will be voted on during the Prairie Grains Conference Dec. 10-11, 2025. Running for reelection, Petry was first elected to the board in 2020. Today, he serves as MAWG treasurer and sits on the National Association of Wheat Growers (NAWG) budget committee. “Initially, I got involved because of an invitation from Torgy (Dave Torgenson), the executive director at the time, to participate in Ag Peer Group, which has now evolved into Ag Leadership Network,” said Petry, who farms near Ada. “That was my

initial step into the organization and understanding what they did. And following that program, I ran for the open at-large position.” But the apple doesn’t fall far from the tree and Petry’s exposure to the organization began several years prior when his mom, Melissa, served as a MAWG director. In fact, Petry’s first MN Wheat Day on the Hill experience occurred when he was in high school. “Growing up, I was pretty familiar with the organization because Mom was on the board,” Petry said. “I went on a few legislative trips in high school because she thought it was a good opportunity to get a feel for how the legislature works.” Those experiences left an impression, considering Petry is now seeking his third term on the MAWG board. “Since being a MAWG director, the thing that sticks out is just how important it is to be in front of legislators when they’re making policy and sharing our opinions,” Petry said. “Because what I’ve found is that the people in both Washington, D.C., and St. Paul do carry a great deal of respect, and they care a lot about making sure that rural America and farming can continue.”

MAWG WANTS YOU! To become a candidate and place your name on the ballot, call the MN Wheat office at 218-253-5002 or scan the QR code.

on ti ia oc s ss er A w ta ro so t G ne ea in h M fW o

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Building relationships is at the heart of MAWG’s mission – even with those who might not see eye-to-eye with MAWG’s resolutions. “Even when we’re meeting with people that we perceive as not in favor of agriculture, oftentimes, they’re more sympathetic and openminded about things than we give them credit for,” Petry said. “So, it’s been a really good opportunity to see how important it is to make personal connections with those people and tell them what we’re doing and what we need to ensure that agriculture can continue to contribute to the economy in a productive way.”

Growing knowledge While Petry is seeking reelection, other growers are also welcome to run for the board seat. If you or someone you know is interested in putting their hat in the ring, please fill out a nomination form by Dec. 10.

MAWG directors are encouraged to attend and participate in MAWG’s Annual Meeting in December during the Prairie Grains Conference, as well as NAWG meetings. While there are other meetings that board members can attend, the time commitment outside of regular board meetings is up to individual board members. However, there have been instances when pressing issues arise, and board directors are encouraged to be flexible and active. “The most rewarding part of being on the board is seeing the impact that we can have to continue to grow the wheat industry in Minnesota,” Petry said. “It’s a really good experience for anybody. It forces me to have a deeper understanding of a lot of the programs and tools that we use every day on the farm and how those programs can be affected by legislation. It grows your connections, which grows your knowledge and understanding of ag programs and how to best use

them on your farm.” Several MAWG directors state that being on the board has helped them in their farming operations, such as meeting people with new ideas, expanding their knowledge and generally helping them have a larger view of the industry. Board members are not paid for their involvement; however, their travel-related expenses are covered and directors receive a stipend for each meeting to cover other costs associated with being a board member. “Being a MAWG board member has been really worthwhile,” said Leiser, who farms near Fertile. “Before I joined the board, I’d never been to Washington, D.C., and the first time was kind of fun because you see a whole different side of the world. And then, you actually talk to somebody that could maybe make a difference and the reality sinks in that you can really make an impact.”

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December 2025 |

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2026

Small Grains Update Meetings Wheat, Soybean & Corn

JANUARY 13-16th, 2026 Visit mnwheat.org for more details.

Meetings are free - registration is not necessary

Dr. Jochum Wiersma Small Grains Specialist University of MN

Bruce Kleven Legislative Strategist for MN Wheat

Adam Birr Executive Director Minnesota Corn

The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly

2026 Minnesota Legislative Session Update

Minnesota Corn Checkoff 35 Years of Delivering Markets, Research and Outreach

Sergio Cabello-Leiva Research Director MN Soybean Research & Promotion Council

Betsy Jensen Farm Business Management Northland Community & Technical College

Turning Research into Profit for Minnesota Soybean Growers

Make Marketing Plans, Not Excuses. We’ll Create One Today

MN Association of Wheat Growers and the MN Wheat Research & Promotion Council Update

County Soybean and/or Corn Grower Association Annual Meetings will take place in: Halstad, Crookston and Lancaster Sponsored in part by:

LOCATIONS DILWORTH Tuesday, January 13th 12:00 p.m. TAK Music Venue 1710 Center Ave (Lunch served) HALSTAD Wednesday, January 14th 8:00 a.m. Halstad Legion Rec Center 580 2nd Ave W (Lunch served) (Mtg in conjunction with Norman County Ag Day) CROOKSTON Wednesday, January 14th 12:00 p.m. Ag Research Center UMN - Crookston Campus (Lunch served) (Mtg in conjunction with West Polk County Crop Improvement) LANCASTER Thursday, January 15th 8:30 a.m. Community Center (Lunch served) (Mtg in conjunction with Kittson County Crop Show) ROSEAU Thursday, January 15th 12:00 p.m. Gene’s Bar & Grill (Lunch served) ST. HILAIRE Friday, January 16th 8:30 a.m. Community Center (Lunch served) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ OTHER AREA MEETINGS: MORRIS Monday, January 19th 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. WCROC (Lunch served)

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BE IN THE RESEARCH LOOP When it comes to soybean checkoff-funded research, the Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council doesn’t back down. Join us on Dec. 11 at the Prairie Grains Conference in Grand Forks, N.D., to hear the latest research updates and learn how checkoff investments continue to strengthen Minnesota soybean farms. 7:00 a.m. Minnesota Soybeans 2025 Production Dynamics, Pathogen Issues, and Waterhemp Pressure – Sergio Cabello Leiva, Director of Research, Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council 7:20 a.m. No News is Good News: 2025 Western Minnesota IPM Survey – Dr. Angie Peltier, Extension Educator – Crops, University of Minnesota 7:40 a.m. Study of the Efficacy of Two Nematicides on SDS and SCN in Greenhouse Pot Assay – Fariba Heydari Soreshjan, Postdoctoral Associate, UMN 8:00 a.m. Advancing IPM for Soybean Gall Midge and Soybean Aphid – Robert Koch, Professor and Extension Specialist, UMN 8:20 a.m. Managing Fertilizer for Soybean Production – Daniel Kaiser, Professor, UMN

Find us on the trade show floor in booth #78! Register for the Prairie Grains Conference at mnwheat.org

December 2025 -| NOVEMBER

by Sydney Harris

A Grain of Knowledge

From quiet to quality, researchers pleased with 2025 growing season

The dust has settled. Like clockwork, another wheat growing season is in the books and producers around the Prairie Grains region are regrouping, taking a close look at what went well and what didn’t, before gearing up for next year. “I figured it to be a very solid crop and was surprised that we ended up with a new state record,” said University of Minnesota Small Grains Specialist Jochum Wiersma. “Even though we had a shorter growing season, yields were very good in most areas but, especially in the northern end of the Red River Valley, the lack of timely rains curbed the yields.”

Slow and steady wins the race When the birds start chirping, farmers tend to get antsy. This spring, Minnesota wheat growers were raring to go, but field and weather conditions had other plans. According to USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), as of April 27, Minnesota’s spring wheat planting progress was at 14 percent, which was three percentage points behind the five-year average. But slow and steady wins the race and by May 19, planting had jumped to 93 percent complete, and May 27 marked spring wheat at 97 percent complete with 80 percent emergence. “We caught up very, very quickly,” Wiersma said. “That’s the amazing part when it comes to the Red River Valley; the amount of capacity that’s here to make things happen is just phenomenal. There are very few parts in the world where that many acres get seeded that quickly – they’re planting hundreds of acres a day.” Page 10

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North Dakota’s spring wheat planting progress had a slightly different cadence. As of April 27, planting was ahead of the five-year average by seven percentage points at 19 percent. On May 12, planting was over halfway complete at 58 percent, well ahead of the 35 percent average. By the time harvest rolled around, the USDA rated 64 percent of North Dakota’s spring wheat as good or excellent. “Going into harvest, we were expecting yields to be pretty good,” said Clair Keene, North Dakota State University Extension agronomist specializing in cereal crops. “The vast majority of the state, except for the northeast corner and up around Langdon, had good rainfall in May and June. We haven’t been able to say that many years over the past five years or so.”

Danger zone Planting may go swimmingly, and harvest may be a breeze, but it’s the in between that can make or break a harvest’s quality. For instance, several Minnesota producers wish they could mentally block out the falling numbers scandal of the 2024 growing season. Though the risk of Fusarium head blight (FHB) haunts growers every year, in 2025, Minnesota wheat producers walked away virtually unscathed. “We’re in much better shape than last year; I haven’t heard of anybody getting rejected right off the bat at the elevator,” Wiersma said. “The crop headed relatively early and we kept trending above average temperatures, increasing the risk of FHB and putting us at moderate to high risk for spring wheat.” As they fired up their combines for harvest, North Dakota growers were also crossing their fingers, hoping that they had

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good falling numbers. “We were a little nervous, not knowing what the DON situation would be like come harvest,” Keene said. “But it’s certainly good news on that front, it really has not been a bad year. There have been a couple scattered reports, but no widespread areas of the crop were affected.” If it’s not one thing, it’s another. In late July, another pest – true armyworm – came marching along, causing headaches for Minnesota wheat growers, especially those along the beach ridge of the Red River Valley. Unfortunately, some farmers had infestations that reached damaging levels. “Armyworms did show up, and they showed up relatively late,” Wiersma said. “They’re always kind of here but it’s about how big the flights are – it’s the numbers that matter. If they’re smaller flights, most don’t even notice.” Overall, the 2025 growing season didn’t bring a lot of unwanted excitement. “It was a very quiet year,” Wiersma said. “Last year, every single disease that we could think of showed up. This year, as a pathologist, overall, it was boring.” When it’s all said and done, farmers are probably alright with a little bit of “boring.”

The results Recognized globally for the quality crop grown, the Prairie Grains region continually produces an exceptional product. 2025 was no different. In Minnesota, another record was broken when the USDA NASS Small Grains 2025 Summary reported an average

spring wheat yield of 69 bushels per acre, up 0.5 bushels from last year’s record. Noth Dakota saw an average of 55 bushels per acre, down from last year’s average of 59. Across the U.S., all wheat production totaled 1.98 billion bushels with an average yield of 53.3 bushels per acre. “I can’t tell these guys what to do, they’re too good,” Wiersma said. “Other than price, I think everyone should be relatively happy with how the crop turned out.” Not only were yields strong, but according to the U.S. Wheat Associates 2025 Crop Quality Report, the excellent quality solidified the 2025 crop as a good one. The report found that Minnesota’s spring wheat crop graded as Number 1 Northern Spring with a test weight of 61.8 pounds per bushel, 59 percent vitreous kernels, 13.9 percent protein, 0.4 parts per million DON and a Hagberg falling number of 411. North Dakota’s spring wheat came in with a test weight of 62.1 pounds per bushel, 57 percent vitreous kernels, 14.2 percent protein, 0.2 parts per million DON and a Hagberg falling number of 409. “North Dakota and Minnesota spring wheat farmers have done a good job with variety selection, paying attention to yield, of course, but also the quality of their crop and protein levels,” Keene said. “I applaud farmers that pay attention to both yield and protein on those quality metrics, along with disease resistance, when selecting varieties.” Before wheat producers know it, the 2026 growing season will be here. Until then, they can look back on the 2025 season, take notes and prepare as best as they can for the year ahead. December 2025 |

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December 10-11, 2025 Alerus Center, Grand Forks, ND

Thursday Keynote Speakers

MIKE SPIER

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ALAN KLUIS

DARYL RITCHISON

President U. S. Wheat Associates

Managing Director Kluis Commodity Advisors

Director of NDAWN & ND State Climatologist North Dakota State University

9:15 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

1:30 p.m.

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Thank you Sponsors & Exhibitors! Platinum Sponsors

Gold Sponsors

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

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Thank you Sponsors & Exhibitors! Silver Sponsors FULLTEC

Bronze Sponsors

Exhibitors: A&S Ag Sales Ag Central Radio / Ag News 890 Agassiz Seed & Supply AgCountry Farm Credit Services Agricultural Utilization Research Institute AgriPro/Syngenta Anchor Ingredients Anheuser-Busch BASF Bayer CropScience Cargill Inc CHS CHS Sunflower Corteva Agriscience Dakota Peat & Equipment Duluth Seaway Port Authority EcoCredit Marketing Ellingson Farm Bureau Financial Services Frontier Precision Agriculture GK Technology Inc. Gowan USA, LLC Helena Agri-Enterprises Page 14

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Landmark Companies LHM & Co Limagrain Cereal Seeds Litzau Farm Drainage Meridian Seeds LLC Minnesota Ag Water Quality Certification Program Minnesota Ag Weather Network Minnesota Agricuture in the Classroom Minnesota Crop Improvement Assn Minnesota Department of Agriculture Minnesota Farm Bureau Minnesota Farmers Union Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council MN Ag Rural Leadership National Wheat Foundation NCTC Farm Business Management ND Crop Improvement & Seed Assn North Dakota Ag Mitigation Northern Crops Institute Ohnstad Twichell, PC Old National Bank Pioneer Hi-Bred International

Plant Power Agriculture ProSeed Purple Wave Auction QA Farmer R&J Broadcasting Red River Farm Network Red River Watershed Mgmt Board Rinke Noonan Rivard’s Turf & Forage Inc. Spray Advantage Spraytec Fertilizers Stine Seed Company Sunflower Hearts Inc Syngenta Crop Protection TCG Wheat The Arthur Companies University of Minnesota Extension US Commodities USDA Farm Service Agency Valley Grain Milling, Inc Virtue Seeds WestBred Widmer Roel Wilbur-Ellis Agribusiness

Wednesday, December 10th Morning Sessions 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

ND Crop Improvement Meeting - Eastern Regional

9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

Board Leadership Training Program

9:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

North Dakota Barley Council County Representatives Meeting

10:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.

Red River Basin Flood Damage Reduction Work Group (FDRWG)

10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.

Minnesota Wheat Research Committee

12:00 p.m. Lunch

Registration by November 25, 2025 is required for all meal ticket guarantees. Don’t delay!

MN & ND Malting Barley Program 1:30 - 4:00 p.m. 1:30 p.m. Welcome - Nathan Boll, ND Barley, Chris Englestad and Ryan Hough, Minnesota 1:35 p.m. Barley Research Update

• Optimizing Nitrogen Inputs to Reduce Scope 3 Emissions in Barley Production in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota - Dr. Brady Goettl, NDSU Ext Soils Specialist • Preventing Sprout in Malt Barley Prior to Harvest - Dr. Michael Ostlie, ND Ag Experiment Station, Carrington, ND • Malting Barley Variety Development - Dr. Max Fraser, AB-InBev • Barley Pathology Update - Dr. Thomas Baldwin, Assistant Professor, NDSU

3:00 p.m. Challenges & Opportunities in Malting & Brewing Industry - Mark Black, Owner, 49th Parallel, LLC

Afternoon Sessions 2:00 - 3:00 p.m.

MAWG Resolutions Committee Meeting

3:00 – 4:00 p.m.

Minnesota Soybean Growers County Association Meeting

4:00 p.m.

TCG Wheat Meeting

4:00 - 5:00 p.m.

North Dakota Grain Growers Annual Meeting

4:00 - 5:00 p.m.

Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers Annual Business Meeting

Social, Banquet, and Live Auction Hospitality hosted by:

5:15 p.m.

Social – Hors d’oeuvres & Refreshments

6:15 p.m.

Welcome and Banquet

7:15 p.m.

Recognition and Awards

7:30 p.m.

Concluding Remarks, Hospitality and Auction December 2025 |

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Thursday, December 11th 6:30 a.m. 7:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. 8:50 a.m.

Registration & Breakfast Wheat & Soybean Research Reporting Sessions - see next page Trade Show opens Break in Trade Show area

8:55 a.m. 9:00 a.m.

Welcome Thom Petersen, Commissioner, MN Department of Agriculture

9:15 a.m.

Driving Global Demand: How USW Promotes U.S. Hard Red Spring Wheat and Delivers Value to Producers Mike Spier President, U. S. Wheat Associates

GENERAL SESSION

An overview of how U.S. Wheat Associates promotes U.S. hard red spring wheat overseas, differentiates its quality, delivers measurable value to producers, and adapts to recent USDA funding changes.

10:00 a.m.

Strategies for Success in 2026 Alan Kluis Managing Director, Kluis Commodity Advisors Al Kluis will review his marketing plan from last year and lay out a game plan for marketing your soybeans, corn, and wheat in 2026.

10:45 a.m. 11:30 a.m. 12:15 p.m. 1:00 p.m.

Break in Trade Show area Breakout Sessions - see next page Lunch in Arena / Refreshments in Trade Show area Visit Trade Show

GENERAL SESSION 1:30 p.m.

Expected 2026 Weather Conditions Daryl Ritchison Director of the ND Agricultural Weather Network (NDAWN) and ND State Climatologist, NDSU After several years in its cold phase, the equatorial Pacific may be finally shifting to an El Nino pattern. What if any impacts will this have on agriculture in the United States? Daryl will discuss what type of changes he foresees for the next growing season. In addition, he will fill us in on the latest news on NDAWN’s expansion into Minnesota in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Agriculture.

2:15 p.m. 2:30 p.m. 3:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m.

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Break in Trade Show area Breakout Sessions - see next page Social in Trade Show area Conference Closes

| December 2025

CEU Credits will be available for most sessions on Thursday, December 11.

Thursday, December 11th Wheat Reporting Session

11:30 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. Breakout Sessions Concurrent Sessions - Choose ONE

7:00 a.m. 2025 Update on Variety Development and Breeding for Disease Resistance – Dr. Karl Glover, Professor and HRSW Breeder, SDSU 7:20 a.m. Managing True Armyworm Outbreaks in Small Grains – Dr. Anthony Hanson, Regional Extension Educator & Assistant Extension Professor-Field Crops Integrated Pest Management, U of MN 7:40 a.m. Breeding to Boost Seed-Filling and Increase Minnesota Wheat Yields – Dr. Walid Sadok, Associate Professor, Crop Physiology, U of MN 8:00 a.m. Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur in Spring Wheat - Szilvia Yuja, Soils Research Specialist, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center

A Review of the 2025 Variety Trials – Dr. Jim Anderson, Spring Wheat Breeder, U of MN A New White Mold Solution in Soybeans and Canola from BASF – Albre Brown, PhD, Senior Technical Marketing Manager for Row Crop Fungicides & Insecticides and Ken Deibert, Technical Service Representative, Eastern North Dakota/Western Minnesota, BASF What are the Financial Trends Telling Us? A Look at the 2024 Minnesota FINBIN Farm Financial and Production Highlights - Greg Dvergsten, Ron Dvergsten and Brett Fellbaum, Farm Business Management Instructors, Northland Community & Technical College The War Against Waterhemp – Dr. Joe Ikley, Associate Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, NDSU

8:20 a.m. Bacterial Leaf Streak in Wheat: Current Research, Key Challenges, and Future Directions – Dr. Rebecca Curland, Researcher 6, Department of Plant Pathology, U of MN

Strategies for Managing Crop Yields with High Fertilizer Prices - Steven McKechnie, AgrIntelligence Agronomist, Helena and Robbie Holthusen, Product Manager, Helena

Concluding Remarks

Drainage in Compliance – Kale Van Bruggen, Attorney, Rinke Noonan

Soybean Reporting Session 7:00 a.m. Minnesota Soybeans 2025 Production Dynamics, Pathogen Issues, and Waterhemp Pressure – Sergio Cabello-Leiva Director of Research, Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council 7:20 a.m. No News is Good News: 2025 Western Minnesota IPM Survey – Dr. Angie Peltier, Extension Educator - Crops, U of MN 7:40 a.m. Study of the Efficacy of Two Nematicides on SDS and SCN in Greenhouse Pot Assay - Fariba Heydari Soreshjan, Postdoctoral Associate, U of MN 8:00 a.m. Advancing IPM for Soybean Gall Midge and Soybean Aphid – Robert Koch, Professor and Extension Specialist, U of MN 8:20 a.m. Managing Fertilizer for Soybean Production – Daniel Kaiser, Professor, U of MN Concluding Remarks

Real Property Legal Tools – David Piper, Shareholder Attorney, and Tiffany Findlay, Associate Attorney, Ohnstad Twichell, P.C.

2:30 - 3:15 p.m. Breakout Sessions Concurrent Sessions - Choose ONE

Making More (or Losing Less) with Soybeans in 2026 – Seth Naeve, Extension Soybean Agronomist, U of MN and Ana Carcedo, Broadleaf Agronomist, NDSU Involvement in Agricultural Land Protection in the Red River Basin of Minnesota – Rob Sip, RRWMA Executive Director The Hidden Costs of Marketing – Betsy Jensen & Josh Tjosaas, Farm Business Management Instructor, Northland Community & Technical College Yours, Mine, and Ours: Managing Farm Stress to Reduce Risk and Improve Performance – Jennifer Vaughn, MN Agricultural Mental Health Specialist, Acquire Mental Health, Monica McConkey, MN Agricultural Mental Health Specialist, Eyes on the Horizon and Meg Moynihan, Senior Advisor, Strategy & Partnerships, Minnesota Department of Agriculture

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Prairie Grains Conference Registration

Join us for the 2025 Prairie Grains Conference! From weather and marketing to research and business management, you will be sure to walk away with some new and valuable information. The wide variety of speakers are sure to answer the questions you may have. Registration is open through the day of the conference - walk-ins are welcome. Meals only guaranteed if registered by Nov 25, 2025. Meal tickets for those registering after the deadline will be available on a first-come, first-served basis. Registration for both days of programming and meals are FREE for: Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers members Minnesota Soybean Check-off contributors North Dakota Grain Growers Association members REGISTRATION FEES

- Wednesday program & lunch - $35 ($40 after Nov 25) - Wednesday banquet tickets - $40 ($45 after Nov 25) - Thursday conference program & lunch - $35 ($40 after Nov 25)

Canad Inn, 701-772-8404, $109.00/night, Block #909068, ask for Prairie Grains Conference Hotel cutoff 11/10/2025 (based on availability after this date)

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Prairie Grains

| December 2025

TRUSTED SOLUTIONS FOR DRAINAGE & EXCAVATION At Litzau Farm Drainage, we bring experience, skill, and advanced equipment to every project. From precision drainage and trenching to grading and excavation, our team is dedicated to doing the job right the first time. Whether it’s farm tiling, site prep, or excavation for construction, you can count on us to deliver reliable solutions that keep your land and projects moving forward.

Contact us today to see how Litzau Farm Drainage & Directional Boring can work for you! Scott Litzau: 320-905-1857 Matt Casper: 320-463-8135 Mike Litzau: 320-905-8645 www.litzaufarmdrainage.com

December 2025 |

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Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Unique operations need unique solutions. Whether you need agriculture focused lending solutions or a crop insurance policy to mitigate risk, we have the knowledge and tools for you. • Real Estate Loans & Leases • Operating Loans • Equipment Financing • Crop Insurance Get customized options that fit any size farm, ranch, or agribusiness by contacting your local AgCountry office. AgCountry.com

Visit us at booth #41 at the 2025 Prairie Grains Conference

December 10-11, 2025 | Alerus Center, Grand Forks, ND

December 2025 |

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AgCountry is an equal opportunity employer, an equal credit opportunity lender, and an equal housing lender.

Page 21

by Sydney Harris

Blood type A(griculture)

griculture is in Jim Peterson’s blood. Raised on a small grains and livestock operation near Makoti, N.D., Peterson has always known that agriculture would play a pivotal role in his life. Along with working on the family farm, he was active in 4-H during high school. As an agricultural economics student at North Dakota State University, he was a member of Farmhouse Fraternity and the livestock judging team. And it was at NDSU that his advisor, Dr. Bill Wilson, sparked his interest in global markets, which set the stage for his career. “I was fortunate to have him as my advisor,” Peterson said. “His knowledge on grain trade in relation to the global situation and market risk is unparalleled. It helped get me enthused about that sector of the industry.” Nearly 40 years later, the agriculture-based foundation that shaped Peterson’s life from the get-go culminated in him being named administrator of the North Dakota Wheat Commission (NDWC). After graduating college in 1988, Peterson worked for Archer Daniels Midland as a merchandiser, in time winding up in Velva, N.D., at its canola crushing plant. In 1991, he began his career with NDWC as a marketing specialist, eventually earning the title of marketing director. Most recently, Peterson served as deputy administrator, before stepping into the administrator role on July 1, 2025, when Neal Fisher, who had held the position since 1998, retired. “Neal’s time with the Commission speaks for itself,” Peterson said. “He led the organization through a lot of good times but also challenging times. We can’t thank him enough for all he’s done for not only North Dakota wheat producers but all wheat producers.” A far cry from a stranger to North Dakota’s wheat industry, Peterson was a natural choice for the administrator position. “Jim’s got a long history with the North Dakota Wheat Commission,” said NDWC Chair Mark Birdsall, who farms in Ward and Mountrail counties. “He’s been here for over 30 years and has done a great job as the policy and marketing director. He’s very well respected throughout North Dakota, he knows North Dakota wheat and he knows people.” With a storied career at NDWC, Peterson spent countless days promoting the top-quality hard red spring and durum wheat grown across the state. “The bulk of my work has been working with international and domestic customers, as well as the wheat research Page 22

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| December 2025

Jim Peterson steps up as NDWC administrator community” Peterson said. “In North Dakota, we focus heavily on the functional qualities that distinguish our wheat from other origins.” Those high-class qualities that set North Dakota wheat apart come at a premium price in the world market, so promotion efforts need to focus on the added value it brings customers. And, when Mother Nature throws a wrench at producers, degrading their wheat’s quality and causing market penalties to add up, it’s natural that some years wheat marketing can bring added frustration to growers, as they compete at the top of the world quality spectrum. Privy to an inside look at the complete life cycle of wheat, from the time it’s planted to when it’s a baking ingredient for domestic and international customers, Peterson has had the unique opportunity to balance the needs of growers, millers, pasta makers and bakers. “I think I’ve been able to bridge that gap and relay to end users who are demanding high-quality wheat that we need a premium to produce it because it takes more management and more crop inputs to maintain, and added harvest risk,” Peterson said. “I’ve enjoyed that aspect of my job – working with the Wheat Quality Council and customers on quality aspects, but then also relaying why those higher standards are in place to producers back here.” While some of his responsibilities will shift as administrator, Peterson still plans to remain engaged in the market development and transportation issues that affect producers.

“My challenge is to continue to push the envelope and make sure we’re at the table on a lot of the current issues, providing input and guidance and helping develop the future of wheat production in North Dakota,” Peterson said. “I’m going to have to learn to give up some of the other jobs that I love doing but I’m fortunate to have a good staff that I can depend on.” Working for producers and led by a board of seven farmer-leaders, NDWC invests wheat checkoff dollars to market and promote wheat domestically and worldwide, fund research to keep wheat competitive with other crops and ensure wheat producers have an effective voice on domestic and trade policy issues. “We have a bright future ahead,” Birdsall said. “We’ve got some great people that make it a great organization to be involved with. They do a fantastic job of representing North Dakota wheat and our wheat producers.” Since 1959, NDWC has strived to expand the use of wheat grown by North Dakota farmers. As the organization steps into its next chapter, there’s no doubt that it will remain steadfast in its commitment to the wheat industry. “We have a strong history to lean on at the NDWC,” Peterson said. “There are a lot of things out of a farmer’s control. But with NDWC, growers ensure that they’re investing in themselves, collectively, as wheat producers. The collective investment of growers means they’re addressing and tackling issues as an industry.”

Checkoff Dollars at Work NDWC’s efforts are funded by wheat producers through a checkoff of two cents on each bushel of wheat sold, ensuring continuous support of its programs. · Developing and maintaining market opportunities · Reinforcing grain food consumption · Funding research · Influencing trade policies · Addressing policies that impact producers

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MAWQCP ‘leans into’ financial assistance for enrolled producers Mike Young’s first steps toward improving his soil health began two decades ago with no clear road map or end goal. “It didn’t start as a ‘soil health journey,’” Young told an assembled group of farmers and industry leaders in September 2025 at his Waverly farm. “For me it started as, ‘There’s got to be a better way.’” There were no smartphones or easy access for Young to find his way toward adopting strip-till on his soybean and corn operation. Instead, he combed through magazines and talked with his crop adviser, who set out a plan and promptly told Young he was better off selling his land, rather than strip-tilling. Young declined the recommendation and instead sought out matching-funds grants to purchase equipment through his local Soil and Water Conservation District representative, who also responded to Young’s idea to purchase strip-till equipment with skepticism before promising to do further research. “Sure enough, he called me back three weeks later and said, ‘Hey that strip-tilling thing, they’re doing it in other places! We’ll match that funding,” Young said. “That’s what allowed me to purchase this equipment, was a 50 percent matching grant.” Young welcomed stakeholders at his farm alongside the Minnesota Department of Agriculture and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to promote the state’s $200 million to cut climate pollution from food systems through the Climate Smart Food Systems Initiative. The Minnesota Agricultural Water Quality Certification Program

Waverly farmer Mike Young found a better way to improve his soil health by adopting new conservation practices

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| December 2025

(MAWQCP) received $10 million of the funding via its Soil Health Financial Assistance Program grants and developing markets for continuous living cover crops and cropping systems. “This is particularly exciting to offer this grant opportunity and work with retailers to buy down the cost of things like nitrogen that farmers buy,” said Brad Redlin, MAWQCP program manager. “Farmers have to take on that expense and, obviously, it’s challenging, especially in these times. We’re happy to lean right into it.” Young has proven to be a farmer ahead of his time, employing practices before MAWQCP launched. While adopting strip-tilling tested his patience, from costly labor and machinery to time invested, Young said he’s learned valuable lessons along the way. Today, he’s evolved from strip-tilling every spring and fall to every two years, saving equipment costs in the long run. “We’ve seen great benefits,” he said. MAWQCP connects farmers with local conservation district experts to identify and mitigate any risks their farm poses to water quality on a field-by-field basis. Producers going through the certification process retain priority access to financial assistance. After being certified, each farm is considered in compliance with new water quality laws and regulations for 10 years. Since MAWQCP’s statewide launch,1.22 million acres have enrolled in the first-of-its-kind program. The 1,600-plus certified farms have added over 7,872 new conservation practices that protect Minnesota’s waters. These new practices are keeping 68,800 tons of sediment out of Minnesota rivers while saving over 89,800 pounds of phosphorous on farms each year. The conservation practices have also reduced nitrogen loss by up to 45%. “For me, the return on investment has been unbelievable,” said Young, who enrolled in MAWQCP about six years ago. Farmers and landowners interested in becoming water quality certified can contact their local Soil and Water Conservation District or visit MyLandMyLegacy.com to enroll and learn more about financial assistance programs. MDA Commissioner Thom Petersen, who visited with colleagues from across the country while Minnesota hosted the 2025 Farm Aid, said MAWQCP continues to be a model program nationwide. “We had people from all over the country come here and look at our grant program and MAWQCP, and they all said, ‘We’d love to do something like that in our state,’” Petersen said.

IT’S NOT JUST YOUR LAND. IT’S YOUR LEGACY. The Minnesota Agricultural Water Quality Certification Program rewards farmers like you for what you do best, taking care of your land and its natural resources. To get started and learn more, contact your local soil and water conservation district or go to:

MyLandMyLegacy.com

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JANUARY - FEBRUARY - 2024 - Soybean Business--25 25 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER - 2025 - SOYBEAN BUSINESS

INSURANCE Crop safety nets have protected producers for nearly 100 years What do Prairie Grains farmers have in common with Tina Turner? Like Tina Turner, farmers insure their assets. Unlike Tina Turner, farmers don’t insure their legs; they insure the crops they grow. Between Mother Nature’s curveballs and unpredictable market fluctuations, farmers face an abundance of uncertainty and risk. Author Amor Towles wrote that farming, “was a way of life in which the difference between abundance and ruin could be measured by a few inches of rain or a few nights of frost.” That’s why crop insurance is critical. “Crop insurance has been part of the evolution of our

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| December 2025

agricultural support system in the United States,” said Kyle Jore, head of crop insurance development for Watts and Associates, a firm that develops and demonstrates data-driven risk management strategies for agricultural leaders. “It ensures that we have resilience in agriculture, which largely funds our rural economies.” While the first crop insurance agency can be traced back to a group of tobacco farmers protecting against hail damage in the 1880s, federal crop insurance began as an experiment in the 1930s to help agriculture recover from the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. Today, with more than 90 percent of insurable farmland in the U.S. protected by the federal crop insurance program, it has developed into a complex system that aims to alleviate a grower’s financial burden when elements out of their control enter the picture. “With how expensive farming is now, from machinery to land to everything else, farmers are using a lot of money to grow crops,” said Chris Engelstad, past president of the National Barley Growers Association (NBGA). “And then, with all the volatile weather, cost of inputs and commodity prices, it’s tough to handle all that year to year. Crop insurance is the backbone that allows us to take risks every year.” Like agriculture, crop insurance has evolved over time, adapting to the needs of producers. In 1980, the Federal Crop Insurance Act of 1980 was passed, expanding the crop insurance program through a cost-share with farmers that could deliver assistance in a timely manner. This endeavor enabled policymakers to shift away from the direct payment system that had previously been a mainstay for disaster assistance. In 2024, Minnesota farmers paid $332.6 million dollars to protect 18.1 million acres, and in North Dakota, producers paid $409.3 million to insure 26.5 million acres. “It’s structured so that producers have to have skin in the game, in their own risk management,” said Jore, who farms near Thief River Falls, Minn. “They have to pay something and choose how much risk management they want, and what they want. As a result, producers have a tremendous number of tools that they can use and tailor to their business.”

ESSENTIALS Today, that toolbox is chock-full of insurance plans spanning across 136 different crops and offering 36 different plan options for producers. Multiple peril crop insurance (MPCI) policies protect farmers from a myriad of losses, such as natural causes like drought and disease, with newer coverage options including yield and price protection which shields growers from loss in revenue. Overseen by the USDA’s Risk Management Agency, MPCI must be purchased before planting, and private companies must sell to any eligible farmer interested and retain a large portion of the risk. Farmers also have the option to purchase crop-hail policies, which aren’t part of the Federal Crop Insurance Program, and can be purchased at any time during the growing season. “Crop insurance doesn’t make you whole, but it gives you peace of mind,” said Engelstad, who farms near Fertile, Minn. “It makes sure that we have stability on our farm and can keep going from year to year. Otherwise, the risks can get you really fast and take you from a profitable year to being completely upside down in an hour.”

insurance companies cannot proceed without checks and balances. Championed by Tim Watts, founder of Watts and Associates, section 508(h) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act allows private parties to develop products that are in the best interests of producers, follow sound insurance principles and are actuarially appropriate. “Private entities can build a new crop insurance program and propose it to the board for a rigorous review process,” Jore said. “The FCIC Board, through guidance from college professors and actuaries, will look through it, make sure it’s sound and that there are no major underwriting flaws that they can tell. If it goes through this rather rigorous process, it can be implemented as a new crop insurance product.” continued on page 28

Working together A crucial aspect of crop insurance is the symbiotic relationship between the public and private sector. While government programs are notorious for being slow to deliver assistance, private companies can help growers in a much timelier manner, often within 30 days. An adeptness that makes a significant difference when farmers are trying to stay afloat, this partnership brings together the efficiencies of a private-sector delivery system with the regulatory and financial support of the federal government. “Private companies compete on service, which means that the farmer wins,” said Jore, who participated in the Ag Leadership Network, a joint program between the Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers (MAWG) and Minnesota Farm Bureau. “One agent might answer the phone right away or get ahold of the adjuster and gets them out there as soon as possible. Maybe a certain agent understands all the different types of programs and the different options well and can communicate to the farmer in a way that they appreciate.” To protect the integrity of the system, private crop

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Voices carry Membership groups, like MAWG and NBGA, are instrumental in retaining and enhancing the crop insurance program. Because so many factors impacting crop insurance are set by federal policy, it’s imperative that farmers have a voice at the table. “Joining and being active in producer groups really helps individual farmers because they can group together with peers and advocate for things that will help them on their own farms,” Engelstad said. “They keep their fingers on the pulse of everything that’s going on that is affecting farms, including crop insurance. They’re there to help right away when they need to be either proactive, like creating new crop insurance tools, or even when something unforeseen pops up.” And, sometimes, it’s just as important to defend what’s working, protecting the policies against opinions that don’t understand the intricacies of the crop insurance program. “Producer groups want legislators to know that they like crop insurance and that it’s working for them,” Jore said. “Other people might say, ‘Hey, look this thing costs a lot of money,’ and might try to make changes to the program, so they bring it up because they want to preserve the way that it’s already working really well.” When advocacy groups meet with legislators to stress the importance of a strong crop insurance program, they aren’t just shouting into the wind. Their efforts go a long way and often lead to real change. “A big win for barley was when they added the malt barley endorsement to crop insurance,” Engelstad said. “There’s a big price difference between feed barley and malt barley, and there are really specific specifications to make malt quality. If you don’t make the quality, you drop down almost half the price making it almost unprofitable to grow barley. The malt barley endorsement helps bridge the gap.” Each year, farmers buy more than 2.4 million crop insurance policies, protecting more than $200 billion worth of crops and livestock. It’s an essential component to the agriculture industry, with many nuances affecting its efficacy, and grassroots membership organizations play a pivotal role in ensuring that it remains effectual. “Crop insurance allows farmers to take on the risks that come every year,” Engelstad said. “In turn, that helps make a robust supply of crops for all people, for affordable food and quality food. And it helps stabilize markets and gets food and supplies to all people that are in and outside of agriculture because farmers comprise a very small percentage of the U.S. population.”

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| December 2025

See how far your soybeans can go. At CHS, we don’t just believe in taking what grows in your fields and connecting it to markets across America. We deliver. Contact CHS or a local grain originator to learn more about delivery options to our Mankato facility, Fairmont facility and other nearby locations. Learn more at chsag.com/soybeans.

IT TAKES A CO-OP. ™ December 2025 |

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Page 29

by Sydney Harris

CHART-TOPPERS:

PRAIRIE GRAINS REGION RANKS HIGH IN CROP QUALITY REPORT Quality matters. In 2025, hard red spring wheat producers across the Prairie Grains region delivered quality, which was epitomized in the U.S. Wheat Associates (USW) 2025 U.S. Crop Quality Report. The report, which has been published since 1979, provides essential, objective information to help global wheat buyers make informed purchasing decisions. “We are happy to share the 2025 U.S. Crop Quality Report, a detailed look at the high-quality wheat grown by U.S. wheat farmers and used by millers and bakers around the world,” said USW President and CEO Mike

Spier. “This USW report reflects not only the quality of the 2025 crop, but also the hard work and commitment of U.S. wheat farmers. We’re proud to share the results of their efforts with our global partners.” Along with the overarching report, USW publishes regional quality reports focusing on each of the six classes of wheat grown in the U.S. The hard red spring wheat report relayed that ninety-seven percent of the survey samples graded as No. 1, which is an “exceptionally high” percentage. The statistics below give just a glimpse into the quality of 2025’s HRS crop.

st weight:

Protein: Production:

Test weight: Moisture:

nesota – 61.8 lbs/bu

Minnesota – 13.9% • Minnesota – 76 •million bushels

• Minnesota – 61.8 lbs/bu • Minnesota – 12.9%

h Dakota – 62.1 lbs/bu

North Dakota – 14.2% • North Dakota – •277 million bushels

• North Dakota – 62.1 lbs/bu • North Dakota – 12.5%

h Dakota – 60.2 lbs/bu

South Dakota – 14.1% • South Dakota – •33 million bushels

• South Dakota – 60.2 lbs/bu • South Dakota – 12.7%

tana – 60.9 lbs/bu

• Montana – 14.9% • Montana – 57 million bushels

• Montana – 60.9 lbs/bu • Montana – 11.0%

ht:

Protein: Production:

Test weight: Moisture:

bs/bu

• Minnesota – 13.9% • Minnesota – 76 million bushels

• Minnesota – 61.8 lbs/bu • Minnesota – 12.9%

.1 lbs/bu

• North–Dakota – 14.2% • North Dakota 277 million bushels

• North Dakota – 62.1 lbs/bu • North Dakota – 12.5%

.2 lbs/bu

• South–Dakota – 14.1% • South Dakota 33 million bushels

• South Dakota – 60.2 lbs/bu • South Dakota – 12.7%

s/bu

• Montana – 14.9% • Montana – 57 million bushels

• Montana – 60.9 lbs/bu • Montana – 11.0%

Interested in reading the entire 2025 U.S. Hard Red Spring Wheat Regional Quality Report? Scan this QR code! Page 30

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| December 2025

SEEKING BETTER WILD OAT CONTROL IN 2026? Plan now and incorporate a residual with alternate mode of action into your herbicide program. Talk with with your your local local agronomist agronomist or or reach reach out out to to your your local local Gowan Gowan sales sales rep rep today! today! Talk

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Page 31

It’s time for a new solution to white mold. The best way to control yield-limiting diseases in your soybeans, like white mold and frogeye leaf spot, is to prevent them from taking hold in the first place. Zorina® fungicide provides dual modes of action for proven white mold control and extended foliar disease protection. And it can be just the thing to help protect your yield potential.

*Subject to credit approval, terms and conditions. For full details, see BASF Grower Finance Program and Terms and Conditions. Always read and follow label directions. Always read and follow label directions. Zorina is a registered trademark of BASF. ©2025 BASF Agricultural Solutions US LLC. All Rights Reserved. Page 32

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| December 2025

University of Minnesota 2025 Wheat, Barley, and Oats Variety Performance in Minnesota Preliminary Report Dr. James Anderson, Wheat Breeder, Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, St. Paul Dr. Kevin Smith, Barley Breeder, Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, St. Paul Dr. Ruth Dill-Macky, Plant Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul Dr. Brian Steffenson, Plant Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul Dr. Pablo D. Olivera Firpo, USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul Karen Beaubien, Matt Bickell, Danielle Fiebelkorn-Wrucke, Dave Grafstrom, Tom Hoverstad, Michael Leiseth, Nicholas Metz, Rafael Moreira, Susan Reynolds, Edward Schiefelbein, Nathan Stuart, Donn Vellekson, and Travis Vollmer supervised fieldwork at the various sites. Special thanks are also due to all cooperating producers.

Preface Jochum Wiersma The 2025 growing season will likely not be remembered for the new state record for spring wheat but rather for the low commodity prices and a historical widening of the basis for wheat and other commodities in eastern North Dakota and northwest Minnesota. Adjusted for inflation, the current cash bids for spring wheat in the region are the lowest in nearly a quarter century. Spring seeding started slightly later than the 5-year average and well behind last year’s pace in the last week of April. Above normal temperatures and little precipitation in the first half of May allowed for great progress to be made and by May 12 growers had caught up to last year’s pace and were more than 20% ahead of the 5-year average with two thirds of the spring wheat crop seeded. A few days later seeding was all but completed. The warmer and drier than normal weather also allowed aphids to migrate north and arrive earlier than most years. By the end of May, they could be found in low numbers across much of the state. The early arrival resulted in not just the typical yellowing of leaves but also in the stunting on individual plants. Aphid numbers, however, remained relatively low and economic thresholds were reached only here and there. Tan spot was found in a few fields by crop scouts in the first week of June but both incidence and severity were very low. Those same scouts never found stripe or leaf rust this growing season. By mid-June, oat crown rust was first found in SE Minnesota, and producers were encouraged to use fungicides to limit economic losses. Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) was the only disease that could readily be found in individual fields across much of the state. The risk of FHB was low across the state until June 7. Starting along the Wisconsin border the risk steadily increased from east to west and from moderate to high. Only the counties in the extreme SW and NW of Minnesota remained at low risk as precipitation remained elusive for those two parts of the state. In hindsight, the risk models may have overestimated the risk for individual fields as the rain events that allowed models to trend higher were highly variable and on a much smaller scale than most years. There were just as many fields that didn’t receive any rain as there were those that did receive rain. Ultimately the incidence and severity of FHB were much lower than in 2024. USDA-NASS reported Minnesota’s average spring wheat to be 69 bu/acre, equal to the June 1 forecast and a 0.5 bu/acre year-over-year increase in their Small Grains 2025 Summary. The state’s average barley yield increased 5 bu/acre to 75 bu/ acre, while the state’s average oat yield dropped 1 bu/acre year-over-year to 87 bu/acre. Spring wheat remained at 1.2 million acres, while oat acreage increased 5% to 215,000 acres. U.S. Wheat Associates’ Hard Red Spring Wheat Quality Report reported that Minnesota’s spring wheat crop graded as #1 Northern Spring with an average test weight of 61.8 lbs/bu, 59% vitreous kernels, 13.9% grain protein, 0.4 ppm DON, and a Hagberg falling number of 411, confirming that the 2025 growing season was indeed a good one. Introduction Successful small grain production begins with selection of the best varieties for a particular farm or field. For that reason, varieties are compared in trial plots on the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES) sites at St. Paul, Becker, Waseca, Lamberton, Grand Rapids and Crookston. In addition to these six MAES locations, trials are also planted at the Magnusson Research Farm near Roseau and with nine farmer cooperators. The trials are handled so factors affecting yield and performance are as close to uniform for all entries at each location as possible. The MAES 2025 Wheat, Barley, and Oat Variety Performance in Minnesota Preliminary Report 24 is presented under authority granted by the Hatch Act of 1887 to the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station to conduct performance trials on December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 33

farm crops and interpret data for the public. The MAES and the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences (CFANS) grants permission to reproduce, print, and distribute the data in this publication - via the tables - only in their entirety, without rearrangement, manipulation, or reinterpretation. Permission is also granted to reproduce a maturity group sub-table provided the complete table headings and table notes are included. Use and reproduction of any material from this publication must credit the MAES and the CFANS as its source. Variety classifications Varieties are listed in the tables alphabetically. Seed of tested varieties can be eligible for certification, and use of certified seed is encouraged. However, certification does not imply a recommendation. The intellectual property rights of the breeders or owners of the variety are listed as either PVP, PVP (pending), PVP (94), patent or none. Registered and certified seed is available from seed dealers or from growers listed in the ‘Minnesota Crop Improvement Association 2025 Directory’, available through the Minnesota Crop Improvement Association office in St. Paul or online at www.mncia.org. Interpretation of the data The presented data are the preliminary variety trial information for single (2025) and multiple year (2023-2025) comparisons in Minnesota. The yields are reported as a percentage of the location mean, with the overall mean (bu/acre) listed below. Two-year and especially one-year data are less reliable and should be interpreted with caution. In contrast, averages across multiple environments, whether they are different years and/or locations, provide a more reliable estimate of mean performance and are more predictive of what you may expect from the variety the next growing season. The least significant difference or LSD is a statistical method to determine whether the observed yield difference between any two varieties is due to true, genetic differences between the varieties or due to experimental error. If the difference in yield between two varieties equals or exceeds the LSD value, the higher yielding one was indeed superior in yield. If the difference is less, the yield difference may have been due to chance rather than genetic differences, and we are unable to differentiate the two varieties. The 5% or 10% unit indicates that, with either 95% or 90% confidence, the observed difference is indeed a true difference in performance. Lowering this confidence level will allow more varieties to appear different from each other but also increases the chances that false conclusions are drawn.

DOES YOUR WHEAT VARIETY CHECK ALL THE BOXES? MN-Rothsay

   

MN-Torgy High Yield Strong Straw Good Protein Disease Resistance

   

VARIETIES THAT COMBINE YIELD, QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE

For varietal trial information visit: varietytrials.umn.edu The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.

Page 34

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

SPRING WHEAT James Anderson, Jochum Wiersma, Susan Reynolds, Nathan Stuart, Danielle Fiebelkorn-Wrucke, Fernando Alberto, Rafael Moreira, Ruth Dill-Macky, and Pablo D. Olivera Firpo.

MN-Rothsay jumped to first place with 28% of the acreage. WB9590 dropped to second place with 19 % of acres. MN-Torgy held on to its third place and combined MN-Torgy and MN-Rothsay count for nearly 40% of the state’s spring wheat acreage. SY Valda also maintained its 4th place with 7% of the acres. Newcomer TCG Zelda reached fifth place with just under 5% of the acreage, most of which is grown in northwest Minnesota. Nine HRSW varieties were tested in the 2025 trials for the first time. This included AP Dagr, AP Iconic, CP3555, CP3678, LCS Rimfire, MS Nova, ND Horizon, PFS Muffins, and TCG-Arsenal. CP3530 was re-entered after a one-year hiatus. Enhance-SD was entered under number for the first time in 2024 and results are now reported for the first time. Testing of AP Gunsmoke CL2, CAG Justify, CAG Reckless, CP 3055, CP3188, CP3322, CP3360AX, ND Heron, PFS Buns, TCG-Teddy, and TW Starlite were discontinued. WestBred did not enter any HRSW varieties in the University of Minnesota variety trial system. WB9479, WB9590, however, were included in the testing in 2025 as each occupied more than 5% of the acreage in 2024. The results of the variety performance evaluations for spring wheat are summarized in Tables 1 through 6. The varietal characteristics are presented in Tables 1 through 3. Tables 4, 5, and 6 present the relative grain yield of tested varieties in 1, 2, and 3-year comparisons. The average yield across the five southern testing locations was 74 bu/acre in 2025. This average compares to a southern average of 66 bu/acre in 2024 and a three-year average of 73 bu/acre. The eight northern locations averaged 105 bu/acre in 2025 with the three-year average jumping 6 bushels to 99 bu/acre. It is the first time ever that the average across the northern location surpassed the 100 bu/acre mark. Varieties with a lodging score of 2 or 3 are considered exceptionally good and will only lodge in extreme cases, while varieties with a rating of 4 or 5 have adequate straw strength most years. Increasing seeding rates generally increases the risk of lodging for all but the strongest and shortest semi-dwarf HRSW varieties. Conversely, lower seeding rates will lower the risk of lodging but commonly results in lower grain yield potential. Linkert continues to be rated superior for straw strength with a rating of 2 while MN-Rothsay is the only other public release with a lodging rating of 3. Private releases that have a rating of 3 for lodging include AP Smith, Dyna-Gro 8582, LCS Dual, LCS Hammer AX, TCG-Wildcat, WB9479, and WB9590. The University of Minnesota spring wheat breeding program has had a controlled environment screening method in place for preharvest sprouting for more than two decades. A rating of 1 or 2 is still considered the best way to avoid preharvest sprouting (PHS) in most instances. Starting harvest at a higher moisture content than the ideal 13.5% grain moisture further reduces the risk of PHS . Spring wheat can be harvested at 18% grain moisture and stored safely for about a month when the grain’s temperature in the bin is brought down to 70oF with aeration. That time nearly doubles and triples when the temperature of the grain is brought down to 60oF and 50oF, respectively. Varieties with disease ratings of 4 or lower are considered the best defense against a particular disease. Varieties that are rated 7 or higher are likely to suffer significant economic losses under even moderate disease pressure. The differences in yield between the trials managed with and without fungicide that are reported in Table 7 are illustrative for this reason and informative in next year’s variety selection. The foliar disease rating represents the total complex of leaf diseases other than the rusts and includes the Septoria complex and tan spot. Although varieties may differ from their response to each of those diseases, the rating does not differentiate among them. Therefore, the rating should be used as a general indication and only for varietal selection in areas where these diseases historically have been a problem or if the previous crop is wheat or barley. Control of leaf diseases with fungicides may be warranted, even for those varieties with an above average rating. Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) cannot be controlled with fungicides. Selection of more resistant varieties is the only recommended practice at this time if you have a history of problems with this disease. CAG Recoil, CP3678, CP3915, and LCS Trigger provide the highest level of resistance to this disease, while LCS Trigger, Ascend-SD, LCS Boom, LCS Buster, and SY 611 CL2 provide the highest level of resistance to FHB.

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 35

2025 Minnesota Hard Red Spring Wheat Table 1. Origin and agronomic characteristics of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single-year (2025) and multiple-year comparisons.

Table 1. Origin and agronomic characteristics of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single year (2025) and multiple-year comparisons. 1

Entry

Origin

AP Dagr

2025 AgriPro/Syngenta

Legal Status PVP (94) (pending)

Desired Stand

Days to

Height

Straw

Heading

Inches

Strength

30.1

(Plants/Acre) 1.3

62.2

AP Elevate

2024 AgriPro/Syngenta

PVP (94)

1.3

62.3

31.0

AP Iconic

2025 AgriPro/Syngenta

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

61.6

33.1

AP Murdock

2020 AgriPro/Syngenta

PVP (94)

1.3

59.9

30.6

AP Smith

2021 AgriPro/Syngenta

PVP (94)

1.3

62.7

29.7

Ascend-SD

2021 SDSU

PVP (94)

1.3

62.6

34.6

Brawn-SD

2022 SDSU

PVP (94)

1.3

60.9

33.0

CAG Ceres

2024 Champions Alliance Group Inc

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

59.1

32.5

CAG Recoil

2022 Champions Alliance Group Inc

PVP (94)

1.5

65.5

31.1

CP3099A

2020 CROPLAN

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

65.8

34.8

CP3530

2022 CROPLAN

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

62.5

34.0

CP3555

2024 CROPLAN

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

61.0

31.5

CP3678

2024 CROPLAN

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

63.8

31.7

4–5

CP3915

2019 CROPLAN

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

61.6

31.8

Driver

2019 SDSU

PVP (94)

1.3

62.5

33.0

Dyna-Gro 8582

2024 Nutrien Ag Solutions

PVP (94) (pending)

1.5

57.8

30.9

Dyna-Gro Ambush

2017 Nutrien Ag Solutions

PVP (94) (pending)

1.5

58.6

32.0

Dyna-Gro Ballistic

2018 Nutrien Ag Solutions

PVP (94) (pending)

1.5

61.7

33.7

Dyna-Gro Commander

2019 Nutrien Ag Solutions

PVP (94) (pending)

1.5

58.6

32.1

Dyna-Gro Rocker

2023 Nutrien Ag Solutions

PVP (94)

1.5

64.1

33.2

Enhance-SD

2024 SDSU

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

58.8

33.5

LCS Ascent

2022 Limagrain Cereal Seeds

PVP (94)

1.3

58.5

31.0

LCS Boom

2023 Limagrain Cereal Seeds

PVP (94)

1.3

58.1

30.8

LCS Buster

2020 Limagrain Cereal Seeds

PVP (94)

1.3

65.0

33.7

LCS Cannon

2018 Limagrain Cereal Seeds

PVP (94)

1.3

57.3

30.8

2021 Limagrain Cereal Seeds

PVP (94)

1.3

60.7

32.3

2022 Limagrain Cereal Seeds

PVP (94)

1.3

60.5

30.2

2025 Limagrain Cereal Seeds

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

59.1

29.3

5–6

LCS Dual LCS Hammer AX

LCS Rimfire LCS Trigger

2016 Limagrain Cereal Seeds

PVP (94)

1.3

65.8

32.9

Linkert

2013 MN

PVP (94)

1.3

61.0

30.8

MN-Rothsay

2022 MN

PVP (94)

1.3

64.5

29.8

MN-Torgy

2020 MN

PVP (94)

1.3

60.8

31.9

MS Charger

2023 Meridian Seeds, LLC

PVP (94)

1.3

60.5

30.5

MS Cobra

2022 Meridian Seeds, LLC

PVP (94)

1.3

60.4

30.2

MS Nova

2023 Meridian Seeds, LLC

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

58.4

30.7

ND Horizon

2025 NDSU

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

61.1

31.1

ND Stampede

2024 NDSU

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

60.7

32.1

ND Thresher

2023 NDSU

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

64.1

31.5

PFS Muffins

2026 Peterson Farms Seed

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

61.7

30.7

PFS Rolls

2025 Peterson Farms Seed

PVP (94) (pending)

1.3

61.7

32.8

Shelly

2016 MN

PVP (94)

1.3

63.1

30.9

SY 611 CL26

2019 AgriPro/Syngenta

PVP (94)

1.3

60.7

29.5

SY Valda

2015 AgriPro/Syngenta

PVP (94)

1.3

61.1

31.5

5 3–4

TCG-Arsenal

2024 21st Century Genetics

Patent pending

1.3

64.7

31.5

TCG-Badlands

2023 21st Century Genetics

Patent pending

1.3

60.5

30.3

TCG-Wildcat

2020 21st Century Genetics

Patented, PVP (94)

1.3

61.9

32.1

TCG-Zelda

2023 21st Century Genetics

Patent pending

1.3

60.2

30.2

TW Olympic

2022 Thunder Seed

PVP (94)

1.3

62.0

31.9

TW Trailfire

2024 Thunder Seed

PVP (94)

1.3

58.2

31.7

WB9479

2017 WestBred

Patented, PVP (94)

1.3

58.6

29.7

WB9590

2017 WestBred

Patented, PVP (94)

1.3

58.3

28.6

61.2

31.5

Mean 1

Abbreviations: MN = Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; NDSU = North Dakota State University Research Foundation; SDSU = South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station 2

Our standard seeding rate is designed to achieve a desired stand of 1.3 million plants/acre, assuming a 10% stand loss and adjusting for the germination percentage and seed weight of each variety.

Page 36

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Table 2. Grain quality of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single-year (2025) and multiple-year Table 2. Grain quality of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single year (2025) and multiple-year comparisons. comparisons. Test Weight (lb/Bu)

Protein (%)1 2 yr

Baking Quality2

Pre-Harvest Sprouting3

13.7

–

14.5

14.3

–

14.1

–

58.7

58.3

14.3

14.0

AP Smith

59.2

58.7

14.6

14.5

Ascend-SD

59.5

59.2

14.6

14.5

Brawn-SD

60.0

59.8

13.7

13.5

–

CAG Ceres

58.8

58.6

14.2

13.8

–

CAG Recoil

57.6

57.2

14.5

14.4

–

CP3099A

56.3

53.7

12.2

11.4

CP3530

58.9

–

14.7

–

CP3555

58.6

–

14.0

–

CP3678

58.7

–

15.0

–

CP3915

59.3

58.5

14.6

14.3

Driver

59.9

59.2

14.2

14.1

Dyna-Gro 8582

59.2

58.9

14.3

14.1

–

Dyna-Gro Ambush

60.2

59.7

14.8

14.6

Dyna-Gro Ballistic

58.3

57.8

13.8

13.7

Dyna-Gro Commander

59.2

58.8

14.2

14.1

Dyna-Gro Rocker

57.8

56.6

14.6

14.3

–

Enhance-SD

58.5

58.4

14.9

14.6

–

LCS Ascent

59.1

58.8

13.8

13.4

–

LCS Boom

60.0

59.8

14.7

14.4

–

LCS Buster

56.5

56.3

12.4

12.3

LCS Cannon

60.4

59.8

14.5

14.3

LCS Dual

59.7

59.1

13.8

13.7

–

LCS Hammer AX

58.0

57.0

14.3

14.0

–

LCS Rimfire

58.4

–

14.5

–

LCS Trigger

59.2

58.9

12.1

Linkert

58.8

58.5

15.1

15.0

MN-Rothsay

58.8

58.5

14.4

14.2

MN-Torgy

59.2

59.1

14.7

14.5

MS Charger

58.8

58.2

12.8

–

MS Cobra

59.2

58.7

14.3

14.2

MS Nova

59.3

–

14.7

–

ND Horizon

59.4

–

14.7

–

ND Stampede

59.4

58.5

14.6

14.2

–

ND Thresher

57.9

57.1

14.9

14.7

–

PFS Muffins

58.6

–

14.2

–

PFS Rolls

58.1

57.4

14.2

14.0

–

Shelly

58.9

58.5

13.9

13.6

SY 611 CL2

59.4

14.5

14.3

SY Valda

59.4

58.9

14.0

13.8

TCG-Arsenal

58.5

–

13.6

–

TCG-Badlands

58.9

58.3

14.0

13.8

–

TCG-Wildcat

59.1

58.6

14.9

14.5

TCG-Zelda

59.2

58.6

14.5

14.3

–

TW Olympic

59.4

59.1

14.3

14.2

–

TW Trailfire

58.4

58.0

14.6

14.4

–

WB9479

59.2

58.4

15.2

15.1

WB9590

58.6

58.0

15.0

14.6

Mean

58.9

58.4

14.3

14.0

No. Environments 1 12% moisture basis.

Entry

2025

2 yr

2025

AP Dagr AP Elevate

57.7

–

59.0

58.7

AP Iconic

59.0

AP Murdock

2014-2022 crop years, where applicable.

1-9 scale in which 1 is best and 9 is worst. Values of 1-2 should be considered as resistant.

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 37

2025 Minnesota Hard Red Spring Wheat Table 3. Disease reactions comparisons.

of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in multiple-year

Table 3. Disease reactions 1 of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in multiple-year comparisons. Leaf Rust

Stripe 2 Rust

Stem 3 Rust

Bacterial Leaf 4 Streak

Other Leaf 5 Diseases

Scab

AP Dagr

–

2–3

4–5

AP Elevate

–

AP Iconic

–

6–7

AP Murdock

AP Smith

Ascend-SD

Brawn-SD

CAG Ceres

–

CAG Recoil

CP3099A

CP3530

–

3–4

5–6

CP3555

–

CP3678

–

CP3915

Driver

Dyna-Gro 8582

–

Dyna-Gro Ambush

Dyna-Gro Ballistic

Dyna-Gro Commander

Dyna-Gro Rocker

–

Enhance-SD

–

LCS Ascent

LCS Boom

LCS Buster

LCS Cannon

LCS Dual

LCS Hammer AX

–

LCS Rimfire

–

5–6

LCS Trigger

Linkert

MN-Rothsay

MN-Torgy

MS Charger

MS Cobra

MS Nova

–

ND Horizon

–

2–3

4–5

ND Stampede

ND Thresher

–

PFS Muffins

–

2–3

4–5

PFS Rolls

–

Shelly

SY 611 CL2

SY Valda

TCG-Arsenal

–

3–4

4–5

TCG-Badlands

–

3–4

TCG-Wildcat

TCG-Zelda

–

TW Olympic

–

TW Trailfire

–

WB9479

WB9590

Entry

1-9 scale where 1=most resistant, 9=most susceptible. Based on natural infections in 2024 at Becker. 1 CP3099A is the only variety that had where significant damage due 9=most to stem rust in 2024. Ratings of other varieties is based on inoculated trials. 1-9 scale 1=most resistant, susceptible. 4 2 Bacterial leaf streak symptoms areon highly variable from environment Based natural infections in one 2024 at Becker. to the next. The rating of entries may change as more data is collected. 5 Combined rating of tan spot, septoria and powdery mildew. 3 1

2 3

CP3099A is the only variety that had significant damage due to stem rust in 2024. Ratings of other

Page 38

varieties is based on 2025 inoculated trials. Prairie Grains | December

4 Bacterial leaf streak symptoms are highly variable from one environment to the next. The rating of entries may change as more data is collected. 5

Table 4.Table Relative graingrain yield of hard red wheat varieties in northern Minnesota locations in(2025) single4. Relative yield of hard redspring spring wheat varieties in northern Minnesota locations in single-year and multiple-yea year (2025) and multiple-year comparisons (2023-2025). 1

Entry

Crookston 2025 2 Yr 3 Yr

Fergus Falls 2025 2 Yr

AP Dagr

107

–

104

–

AP Elevate

–

101

–

AP Iconic

105

–

105

–

AP Murdock

101

111

104

102

100

2025

Hallock 2 Yr 3 Yr

Oklee 2 Yr

3 Yr

2025

108

–

106

–

100

–

101

102

2025

Perley 2 Yr

AP Smith

101

102

100

102

103

100

Ascend-SD

123

117

108

113

108

105

102

100

109

103

Brawn-SD

101

104

105

103

101

105

100

109

108

CAG Ceres

–

100

–

104

–

CAG Recoil

CP3099A

106

104

117

113

109

113

107

104

CP3530

–

110

–

104

–

105

–

100

–

CP3555

106

–

100

–

107

–

107

–

CP3678

–

101

–

102

–

103

–

CP3915

104

100

101

106

104

102

Driver

103

102

105

100

103

104

101

Dyna-Gro 8582

103

–

109

–

106

107

–

100

Dyna-Gro Ambush

101

100

101

Dyna-Gro Ballistic

104

108

112

114

105

108

103

107

105

107

106

Dyna-Gro Commander

107

109

104

101

100

106

103

102

103

Dyna-Gro Rocker

106

–

110

107

–

108

–

103

Enhance-SD

–

106

–

102

101

LCS Ascent

109

110

107

110

109

103

105

103

109

107

103

102

104

LCS Boom

100

LCS Buster

120

119

117

101

117

111

112

117

112

117

113

LCS Cannon

102

LCS Dual

103

LCS Hammer AX

–

LCS Rimfire

–

105

–

109

–

LCS Trigger

109

114

111

104

107

118

108

109

103

111

113

110

106

Linkert

MN-Rothsay

111

107

108

100

101

100

102

104

105

101

MN-Torgy

102

104

100

104

MS Charger

103

104

106

110

108

111

105

106

111

114

110

115

MS Cobra

MS Nova

100

–

101

–

ND Horizon

–

111

–

101

–

109

–

103

–

ND Stampede

109

110

108

116

112

104

105

106

114

107

106

104

ND Thresher

–

102

–

101

–

102

101

PFS Muffins

–

104

–

103

–

112

–

108

–

PFS Rolls

103

101

–

107

105

–

104

103

–

100

Shelly

107

103

104

106

104

101

100

101

SY 611 CL2

107

104

103

104

103

SY Valda

107

103

105

103

106

108

106

108

TCG-Arsenal

116

–

100

–

117

–

101

–

108

–

TCG-Badlands

101

–

102

–

107

101

–

105

101

TCG-Wildcat

100

104

100

TCG-Zelda

101

100

–

104

–

100

102

–

103

104

TW Olympic

108

102

–

107

–

104

105

–

106

102

TW Trailfire

–

107

102

–

106

103

–

WB9479

WB9590

104

100

103.0 10.5

93.5 14.0

93.5 11.5

94.2 8.8

84.5 10.9

108.5 9.4

113.3 7.7

113.1 6.9

103.7 15.8

105.7 13.4

105.6 10.6

107.4 10.8

96.9 7.5

Mean (Bu/Acre) LSD (0.10) 1

2024 Fergus Falls was abandoned due to hail. 2 year data is 2023 and 2025. 2024 Fergus Falls was abandoned due to hail. 2 yr data is 2023 & 2025. 2023 Roseau was abandoned due to hail.

2023 Roseau was abandoned due to hail.

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 39

2025 Minnesota Hard Red Spring Wheat (2025) and multiple-year comparisons (2023-2025).

Table 4 (continued). Relative grain yield of hard red spring wheat varieties in northern Minnesota locations in single-year (2025) and multiple-year comparisons (2023-2025). 2

Perley 2 Yr

3 Yr

106

–

105

–

101

102

–

102

101

100

–

102

106

–

3 Yr

2025

– –

Roseau 2025 2 Yr

2025

Stephen 2 Yr 3 Yr

Strathcona 2025 2 Yr 3 Yr

–

104

–

102

–

102

100

101

102

100

109

103

104

107

105

101

100

109

108

100

104

–

100

–

101

103

–

101

107

104

111

108

106

101

107

102

105

–

100

–

105

–

106

–

101

–

104

–

105

–

103

–

104

–

102

101

105

103

–

100

–

101

100

–

100

102

103

105

107

106

104

108

104

103

102

103

100

103

–

103

–

105

104

–

101

100

–

102

101

–

107

102

–

103

102

104

100

103

105

101

100

101

103

112

117

113

114

122

119

114

107

109

107

104

106

102

103

104

102

100

–

101

–

109

–

103

–

113

110

106

107

123

119

111

103

104

110

105

107

101

106

108

110

105

107

106

104

100

104

102

100

102

110

115

110

106

107

113

108

109

104

102

105

101

103

100

102

–

103

–

109

–

102

–

112

–

106

104

106

110

107

109

111

113

117

113

–

102

101

–

108

–

105

–

106

–

100

–

105

103

–

105

100

–

101

100

101

100

105

106

103

100

101

108

106

108

107

105

103

104

–

108

–

105

–

103

–

103

–

105

101

–

100

102

–

101

100

–

100

105

101

102

103

–

103

104

–

101

103

–

104

106

–

106

102

–

107

106

104

–

104

–

103

102

100

–

103

106

–

100

101

105.6 10.6

107.4 10.8

96.9 7.5

99.3 6.6

87.7 13.8

91.8 6.5

116.6 12.8

108.9 9.8

104.9 8.7

115.3 6.8

96.6 8.9

90.4 8.2

Page 40

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Table 5. Relative grain yield of hard red spring wheat varieties in southern Minnesota locations in singleyear (2025) comparisons (2023-2025). Table 5. Relative grainand yield ofmultiple-year hard red spring wheat varieties in southern Minnesota locations in single-year (2025) and multiple-year comparisons (2023-2025). Becker 2 Yr

3 Yr

2025

112

–

104

100

–

112

–

Entry

2025

AP Dagr AP Elevate AP Iconic

Benson 2 Yr

3 Yr

Lamberton 2025 2 Yr 3 Yr

102

–

111

–

101

–

104

108

–

108

–

100

–

111

–

2025

Le Center 2 Yr 3 Yr

Waseca1 2025 2 Yr

St. Paul 2 Yr

3 Yr

114

–

107

–

105

–

108

2025

–

AP Murdock

103

101

103

104

109

106

107

110

106

107

AP Smith

107

104

100

106

108

105

108

107

104

Ascend-SD

113

107

104

102

107

113

111

101

108

103

111

109

129

115

Brawn-SD

105

106

108

104

103

100

105

108

104

120

117

CAG Ceres

103

–

103

107

–

100

–

CAG Recoil

107

104

103

104

103

102

106

104

114

107

CP3099A

121

109

106

101

104

102

118

CP3530

102

–

101

–

103

–

101

–

103

–

CP3555

113

–

101

–

113

–

CP3678

112

–

105

–

102

–

CP3915

104

106

103

101

Driver

101

103

101

Dyna-Gro 8582

114

106

–

109

106

–

100

112

–

109

–

117

120

–

105

–

Dyna-Gro Ambush

110

103

105

101

100

104

101

105

103

104

–

Dyna-Gro Ballistic

123

119

104

108

105

110

108

103

109

103

110

Dyna-Gro Commander

124

115

112

110

108

104

102

111

107

103

106

105

101

Dyna-Gro Rocker

117

110

–

103

–

Enhance-SD

101

106

–

106

105

–

100

–

102

104

–

114

116

–

106

–

LCS Ascent

107

106

109

111

107

103

112

104

101

105

102

100

LCS Boom

104

111

105

100

104

LCS Buster

100

101

100

108

107

110

109

108

100

104

114

LCS Cannon

101

104

103

102

101

105

101

LCS Dual

119

104

102

100

106

LCS Hammer AX

–

102

–

LCS Rimfire

114

–

100

–

LCS Trigger

112

107

102

110

115

111

112

115

113

111

108

116

119

118

115

118

Linkert

MN-Rothsay

101

102

100

107

108

105

103

102

MN-Torgy

101

100

101

102

MS Charger

111

112

111

101

113

107

109

111

109

113

107

MS Cobra

100

107

101

MS Nova

–

106

–

ND Horizon

109

–

105

–

104

–

106

–

104

–

ND Stampede

122

109

111

112

111

108

112

113

114

113

127

126

123

104

ND Thresher

–

104

–

102

100

–

PFS Muffins

109

–

104

–

104

–

106

–

102

–

100

–

PFS Rolls

107

104

–

101

–

107

103

–

100

–

105

–

Shelly

101

104

109

105

104

109

106

109

110

SY 611 CL2

109

107

103

100

107

105

106

100

104

100

SY Valda

101

106

105

103

102

109

105

100

109

103

107

102

TCG-Arsenal

–

101

–

103

–

114

–

TCG-Badlands

107

105

–

109

–

TCG-Wildcat

100

110

112

110

106

101

TCG-Zelda

119

–

102

100

–

101

–

102

104

–

109

108

–

101

–

TW Olympic

111

106

–

101

–

113

110

–

101

103

–

100

105

–

104

–

TW Trailfire

105

102

–

104

–

102

–

WB9479

100

104

102

100

104

WB9590

101

106

104

100

103

104

101

105

100

101

Mean (Bu/Acre) LSD (0.10)

58.7 17.0

58.7 13.5

59.3 10.6

97.8 5.2

92.4 8.3

94.1 6.4

70.7 16.1

63.0 19.5

67.2 14.5

91.2 10.2

78.1 12.5

81.6 10.5

70.4 13.2

67.9 15.8

63.9 16.3

56.6 16.5

68.8 16.3

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 41

2025 Minnesota Hard Red Spring Wheat Table 6. Relative grain yield of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single-year (2025) and multiple-year comparisons (2023-2025).

Table 6. Relative grain yield of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single-year (2025) and multiple-year comparisons (2023-2025). State Entry

2025

2 Yr

North 3 Yr

2025

2 Yr

South 3 Yr

2025

2 Yr

3 Yr –

AP Dagr

103

–

101

–

106

–

AP Elevate

101

–

101

–

101

–

AP Iconic

102

–

101

–

106

–

AP Murdock

100

101

100

102

105

100

AP Smith

100

102

101

Ascend-SD

106

105

104

107

103

102

106

108

108 106

Brawn-SD

102

103

102

101

103

CAG Ceres

–

100

–

CAG Recoil

105

102

101 100

CP3099A

104

103

106

100

104

100

CP3530

102

–

103

–

101

–

CP3555

103

–

104

–

103

–

CP3678

–

100

–

CP3915

Driver

101

100

Dyna-Gro 8582

103

104

–

100

–

109

110

–

Dyna-Gro Ambush

100

102

101

Dyna-Gro Ballistic

103

105

106

103

105

107

108

Dyna-Gro Commander

101

104

103

101

105

108

105

Dyna-Gro Rocker

101

–

104

–

Enhance-SD

101

–

105

106

–

LCS Ascent

103

105

104

105

104

101

105

104

LCS Boom

100

LCS Buster

110

108

109

114

111

102

101

104

LCS Cannon

101

LCS Dual

100

LCS Hammer AX

–

LCS Rimfire

101

–

102

–

LCS Trigger

111

110

111

109

111

113

112

Linkert

MN-Rothsay

102

104

103

100

MN-Torgy

100

MS Charger

107

108

107

109

108

107

103

106

105

MS Cobra

MS Nova

–

ND Horizon

104

–

104

–

104

–

– 112

ND Stampede

111

110

109

114

113

ND Thresher

–

PFS Muffins

104

–

104

–

104

–

PFS Rolls

101

–

102

101

–

101

100

–

Shelly

103

102

103

104

101

102

SY 611 CL2

101

100

101

100

SY Valda

101

104

103

102

103

100

105

103

TCG-Arsenal

104

–

107

–

100

–

Page 42

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Table 7. Grain yield (bushels per acre) of hard red spring wheat varieties grown under conventional and intensive management. Table 7. Grain yield (bushels per acre) of hard red spring wheat varieties grown under conventional and intensive management. South1 North 2025 2-year 3-year 2025 2-year Entry Conv Int Conv Int Conv Int Conv Int Conv Int

State1 2025 Conv Int

2-year Conv Int

AP Dagr

101.2

104.3

–

66.2

88.5

–

89.5

99.0

–

AP Elevate

93.1

94.3

91.5

99.9

–

65.5

78.0

60.3

69.0

83.9

88.9

81.1

89.6

AP Iconic

96.9

92.8

–

70.6

84.6

–

88.1

90.0

82.8

89.5

AP Murdock

93.4

84.8

92.0

93.7

91.0

92.4

73.4

83.4

68.7

75.3

86.8

84.3

87.6

AP Smith

88.4

89.2

88.3

96.1

90.9

95.0

66.7

76.4

56.7

66.3

81.1

84.9

77.8

86.2

Ascend-SD

110.2

109.2

102.8

108.8

100.3

103.3

75.6

84.6

71.1

74.8

98.7

101.0

92.3

97.5

Brawn-SD

93.9

102.9

91.9

105.6

91.9

103.7

67.8

86.0

62.0

73.5

85.2

97.2

82.0

94.9

CAG Ceres

91.7

92.7

88.3

100.2

94.0

98.7

72.6

76.4

67.4

69.9

85.3

87.2

81.3

90.1

CAG Recoil

90.1

97.2

91.7

99.6

92.4

98.8

68.2

83.4

60.7

69.9

82.8

92.6

81.4

89.7

CP3099A

101.9

113.6

90.1

115.5

94.4

112.2

67.9

72.0

52.7

63.1

90.6

99.7

77.6

98.0

CP3530

92.4

92.7

–

68.6

74.8

–

84.5

86.7

–

CP3555

98.9

96.6

–

69.4

84.1

–

89.1

92.4

–

CP3678

91.9

108.1

–

74.0

74.8

–

85.9

97.0

–

CP3915

96.1

99.6

89.2

102.9

91.8

98.6

69.5

79.5

58.9

64.4

87.2

92.9

79.1

90.1

Driver

98.7

101.3

95.2

101.4

94.6

97.6

67.4

73.5

57.1

62.0

88.3

92.0

82.5

88.3

Dyna-Gro 8582

93.1

96.2

92.7

102.1

–

70.8

76.5

70.7

71.2

85.7

89.6

85.3

91.8 89.5

Dyna-Gro Ambush

94.7

91.0

91.7

98.0

92.6

98.5

63.8

82.7

63.4

72.4

84.4

88.2

82.2

Dyna-Gro Ballistic

98.1

111.9

96.5

110.0

100.1

108.6

66.3

84.1

61.5

70.5

87.5

102.6

84.8

96.8

Dyna-Gro Commander

97.8

98.5

95.2

105.4

98.4

102.7

67.9

83.0

65.8

72.8

87.8

93.3

85.4

94.5

Dyna-Gro Rocker

100.8

102.1

86.9

99.2

–

72.6

77.9

49.6

56.9

91.4

94.0

74.4

85.1

Enhance-SD

89.3

97.4

88.9

102.0

–

70.7

81.5

62.7

70.8

83.1

92.1

80.2

91.6

LCS Ascent

99.5

97.5

102.8

98.2

100.8

72.6

75.6

70.4

73.2

90.6

91.5

88.5

92.9

LCS Boom

87.5

83.2

89.7

93.5

87.2

89.5

73.7

76.2

69.8

70.0

82.9

80.8

83.1

85.7

LCS Buster

115.3

111.8

109.9

113.4

110.6

110.8

78.0

76.9

68.5

68.4

102.9

100.2

96.1

98.4

LCS Cannon

89.8

93.8

89.1

99.5

90.2

95.7

68.4

74.3

66.1

69.6

82.7

87.3

81.4

89.5

LCS Dual

95.6

92.5

91.7

96.7

92.2

95.2

70.7

78.2

61.9

66.0

87.3

87.7

81.8

86.5

LCS Hammer AX

86.7

90.1

81.0

94.1

–

67.1

77.7

55.8

63.9

80.2

85.9

72.6

84.1

LCS Rimfire

92.1

96.8

–

67.3

76.5

–

83.8

90.0

–

LCS Trigger

110.3

104.9

107.9

110.0

107.1

108.4

69.5

89.1

70.8

80.5

96.7

99.6

95.5

100.2

Linkert

86.4

91.8

82.3

91.3

82.2

88.5

69.8

68.1

60.1

57.5

80.9

83.9

74.9

80.0

MN-Rothsay

103.8

102.2

99.6

105.5

101.4

103.6

70.6

76.2

60.3

63.8

92.8

93.5

86.5

91.6

MN-Torgy

88.9

90.5

94.7

91.4

93.0

69.4

77.5

63.4

71.1

82.4

86.1

81.5

86.8

MS Charger

99.7

99.5

98.1

106.7

100.1

104.2

71.7

84.3

71.3

76.6

90.4

94.4

89.2

96.7 86.8

MS Cobra

84.5

92.8

86.4

98.5

87.7

96.5

75.5

73.8

63.5

63.4

81.5

86.5

78.8

MS Nova

94.9

95.0

–

74.8

76.3

–

88.2

88.8

–

ND Horizon

92.3

88.7

–

73.8

79.1

–

86.2

85.5

–

ND Stampede

104.4

99.6

100.7

108.7

101.1

106.5

79.0

84.2

70.4

78.4

95.9

94.4

90.6

98.6

ND Thresher

89.0

98.3

86.8

98.0

–

72.0

73.0

62.8

62.3

83.4

89.8

78.8

86.1

PFS Muffins

95.7

104.4

–

73.7

84.5

–

88.4

97.8

–

PFS Rolls

92.5

97.7

90.8

101.1

–

71.7

82.6

60.8

65.1

85.6

92.6

80.8

89.1

Shelly

98.4

102.4

95.0

104.8

95.4

102.6

73.4

78.7

61.6

65.3

90.1

94.5

83.9

91.6

SY 611 CL2

92.4

90.5

95.4

98.7

96.1

97.1

75.9

73.0

66.2

66.6

86.9

84.6

85.7

88.0 92.9

SY Valda

96.9

99.7

97.8

104.8

97.3

102.6

67.5

76.2

64.8

69.2

87.1

91.8

86.8

TCG-Arsenal

105.9

102.5

–

69.7

82.6

–

93.8

95.8

–

TCG-Badlands

93.2

92.5

87.6

95.8

–

77.3

78.9

61.9

65.0

87.9

88.0

79.0

85.6

TCG-Wildcat

93.8

94.8

89.5

98.9

91.5

98.0

70.3

83.7

54.9

63.6

85.9

91.1

77.9

87.2

TCG-Zelda

95.1

95.8

93.2

102.4

–

71.3

75.4

59.2

64.9

87.1

89.0

81.9

89.9

TW Olympic

102.5

96.7

96.5

101.9

–

80.0

81.3

69.5

70.4

95.0

91.5

87.5

91.4

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 43

WHEAT

HARD RED SPRING VARIETIES WITH PROVEN RESULTS

Varieties That Combine Yield, Quality and Performance

MN-ROTHSAY

MN-TORGY

Excellent yields Very good straw strength Above average protein Good pre-harvest sprout rating

High yielding Very good protein Good scab and BLS resistance Well adapted to MN, ND and SD

Other University of Minnesota Developed Varieties

BOLLES

LINKERT

Superior protein

Very Strong Straw High Protein

High baking quality

Visit the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station at www.maes.umn.edu or check your state or local variety trials. For a list of seed producers, visit the Minnesota Crop Improvement Association at www.mncia.org or call 1-800-510-6242. Page 44 | Prairie Grains is | December 2025 The University of Minnesota an equal opportunity educator and employer.

BARLEY Kevin Smith, Ruth Dill-Macky, Ed Schiefelbein, Brian Steffenson, Karen Beaubien and Jochum Wiersma

The results of the variety performance evaluations for spring barley are summarized in Tables 8 through 12. The varietal characteristics and disease reactions are presented in Tables 8 and 9. Tables 10 through 12 present the relative grain yield of the tested varieties in single and multiple year comparisons. The varieties were tested in 13 locations, however, St. Paul was lost to severe lodging. The average yield across the 12 testing locations was 102 bu/acre in 2025 which was the same as in 2024 (Table 12). The highest yields this year were recorded in Hallock with 205 bu/acre (Table 10) while the lowest grain yields were recorded in Lamberton with 73 bu/acre (Table 11). ND Treasure was the highest yielding six-row variety and AAC Synergy was the highest yielding two-row varieties based on the 2025 state average (Table 12). ND Genesis and Tradition had the lowest stem breakage while ND Treasure had the lowest lodging (Table 8). On average, two-row varieties head about four days later than six-rows. ND Treasure is a recent six-row entry from NDSU that is intended for the pet food market. Table 9 describes the reaction of this year’s entries to the major diseases in the region. Disease reaction is based on data from at least two experiments and scored from 0–9; where 0 is most resistant and 9 is most susceptible. Net blotch can be an important disease and most but not all varieties tested have good resistance with scores of 3 or lower. The six rows, with the exception of Quest, are generally more susceptible to Fusarium head blight expressed as higher concentrations of vomitoxin or DON. All listed varieties carry stem rust resistance to the predominant Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race (MCCF). Most varieties possess pre-heading resistance to stem rust; thus, they will not likely incur much damage unless the disease epidemic is severe. Bacterial Leaf Streak (BLS) cannot be controlled by fungicides and there are some modest differences (ratings from 3-5) in resistance among the tested two row varieties. Table 8. Agronomic characteristics of malting barley varieties, 2023-2025. Table 8. Agronomic characteristics of malting barley varieties, 2023-2025. Year of Release

PVP status

Heading (DAP)

Height (inches)

Lodging (0-9)2

Stem Breakage (0-9)2

Test Weight (lb/bu)

Protein (%)

Variety Origin1 2-row AAC Connect AAFC 2017 Yes 60 33 5 2 12.7 46.9 AAC Synergy AAFC 2012 Yes 60 34 5 3 12.6 47.3 ABI Cardinal ABI 2021 Yes 60 32 5 2 13.0 46.8 Explorer AS 2020 59 29 3 2 12.4 46.7 ND Genesis ND 2015 Yes 58 34 5 1 11.9 47.0 6-row Lacey MN 2000 Expired 56 34 3 3 13.4 47.6 ND Treasure ND 2023 Yes 56 31 2 2 12.5 45.6 Quest MN 2010 Yes 56 36 6 6 13.4 46.9 Rasmusson MN 2008 Yes 56 32 3 2 12.9 46.8 Robust MN 1984 Expired 56 35 3 4 13.5 47.4 Tradition ABI 2003 Expired 56 34 3 1 13.2 46.6 No. of Trials 11 8 12 5 23 17 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agrii Secobra (AS), Anheuser-Busch InBev (ABI), North Dakota State University (ND), University of 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agrii Secobra (AS), Anheuser-Busch InBev (ABI), North Dakota State University (ND), Minnesota (MN). of Minnesota (MN). 2University 2 Scored on a 0-9 scale where 0 = none and 9 = severe. Scored on a 0-9 scale where 0=none and 9=severe. Table 9. Disease reactions of barley varieties in multiple year comparisons. Net Bacterial Spot Powdery DON1, 2,3 Variety Blotch1 Leaf Streak 1 Blotch1,4 Mildew1,5 2-row AAC Connect 3 2 4 4 4 AAC Synergy 5 2 3 4 4 ABI Cardinal 5 4 4 6 2 Explorer 4 5 5 9 0 ND Genesis 3 4 4 5 5 6-row Lacey 5 3 5 3 6

December 2025 |

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Page 45

Lacey MN 2000 Expired 56 34 3 3 13.4 47.6 ND Treasure ND 2023 Yes 56 31 2 2 12.5 45.6 Quest MN 2010 Yes 56 36 6 6 13.4 46.9 Rasmusson MN 2008 Yes 56 32 3 2 12.9 46.8 Robust MN 1984 Expired 56 35 3 4 13.5 47.4 Tradition ABI 2003 Expired 56 34 3 1 13.2 46.6 No. of Trials 11 8 12 5 23 17 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agrii Secobra (AS), Anheuser-Busch InBev (ABI), North Dakota State University (ND), University of Minnesota (MN). 2 Scored on a 0-9 scale where 0 = none and 9 = severe.

2025 Minnesota Barley

Table 9. Disease reactions of barley varieties in multiple year comparisons. Table 9. Disease reactions of barley varieties in multiple year comparisons. Net Bacterial Spot Powdery The Minnesota corn DON1, 2,3 Variety Blotch1 Leaf Streak 1 Blotch1,4 Mildew1,5 checkoff delivers: 2-row Markets AAC Connect 3 2 4 4 4 New uses AAC Synergy 5 2 3 4 4 Economic opportunity ABI Cardinal 5 4 4 6 2 Explorer 4 5 5 9 0 ND Genesis 3 4 4 5 5 6-row Lacey 5 3 5 3 6 ND Treasure 6 2 5 3 6 Quest 2 3 4 5 6 Rasmusson 5 2 6 4 6 Robust 7 2 5 4 6 Tradition 4 3 5 3 5 No. of Trials 4 3 3 1 2 1 Trait measured on a scale from 0-9 where 0=resistant and 9=susceptible. 1 measured on a scale 0-9 whereproduced 0=resistant andFusarium 9=susceptible. 2 Trait Deoxynivalenol (DON) is from the mycotoxin by the head blight pathogen. 2 (DON) is the mycotoxin produced by the Fusarium head 3 Deoxynivalenol Data is for 2023 and 2024. Learn more at checkoffdelivers.org blight pathogen. 34 Data is from 2025 only. Data is for 2023 and 2024. 45 Dataisfrom trials with natural Powdery Mildew infection in 2024 only. Data fromtwo 2025 only. 5

Data from two trials with natural Powdery Mildew infection in 2024 only.

Table 10. Relative grain yield (percent of the mean of the trial) of barley varieties in northern Minnesota

Table 10. Relative grain yield (percent the mean of the year trial) of barley varieties(2023-2025). in northern Minnesota locations in single-year (2025) and locations in single-year (2025)ofand multiple comparisons multiple year comparisons (2023-2025). Crookston Hallock Oklee Perley Roseau Stephen Strathcona Variety 2025 3 yr 2025 3 yr 2025 3 yr 2025 3 yr 2025 2 yr1 2025 3 yr 2025 3 yr 2-row -----------------------------------------------------------------(% of mean)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------AAC Connect 96 101 97 99 98 100 108 111 98 98 98 100 98 95 AAC Synergy 98 101 99 101 94 96 104 105 117 105 105 103 98 94 ABI Cardinal 88 100 103 100 106 105 102 106 113 100 99 102 92 88 Explorer 90 97 99 97 100 101 106 99 96 98 98 100 106 96 ND Genesis 96 95 97 101 107 101 108 105 109 105 103 102 89 100 6-row Lacey 103 102 100 102 105 107 90 99 87 95 99 97 107 107 ND Treasure 115 115 103 107 115 109 101 100 101 109 109 107 125 111 Quest 101 93 96 91 92 88 97 85 103 100 100 99 103 114 Rasmusson 101 103 108 105 106 104 90 97 105 105 101 102 102 103 Robust 100 93 98 96 86 92 91 92 78 88 87 92 88 93 Tradition 110 100 101 102 91 96 104 101 94 97 100 97 93 99 Mean (bu/acre) 123 125 205 172 123 122 118 111 104 123 161 141 146 124 LSD(0.1) 13.6 5.0 8.2 3.2 25.7 6.1 15.2 6.1 22.5 5.8 8.8 3.4 24.2 4.1 1 Trial data for Roseau is from 2024 and 2025. 1 Trial data for Roseau is from 2024 and 2025. Table 11. Relative grain yield (percent of the mean of the trial) of barley varieties in southern Minnesota locations in single-year (2025) and multiple year comparisons (2023-2025). Page 46 | Prairie Grains | December 2025 Becker Fergus Falls Lamberton Le Center Rochester St. Paul Variety 2025 3 yr 2025 2 yr1 2025 3 yr 2025 3 yr 2025 2yr2 2 yr3

LSD(0.1) 13.6 5.0 8.2 3.2 Trial data for Roseau is from 2024 and 2025.

25.7

6.1

15.2

6.1

22.5

5.8

8.8

3.4

24.2

4.1

Table 11. Relative grain yield (percent of the mean of the trial) of barley varieties in southern Minnesota Table 11. Relative grain yield(2025) (percent of the mean ofyear the trial) of barley varieties in southern Minnesota locations in single-year (2025) an locations in single-year and multiple comparisons (2023-2025). multiple year comparisons (2023-2025). Becker Fergus Falls Lamberton Le Center Rochester St. Paul Variety 2025 3 yr 2025 2 yr1 2025 3 yr 2025 3 yr 2025 2yr2 2 yr3 2-row -----------------------------------------------------------------(% of mean)------------------------------------------------------------AAC Connect 95 98 101 102 88 95 93 97 101 100 96 AAC Synergy 107 101 104 105 107 101 91 96 99 106 102 ABI Cardinal 100 101 89 100 78 83 93 103 105 89 102 Explorer 105 100 77 86 87 92 91 92 103 97 84 ND Genesis 93 93 101 104 92 94 104 107 83 87 117 6-row Lacey 100 106 103 99 105 106 109 109 117 108 110 ND Treasure 107 110 118 109 117 115 113 108 115 117 95 Quest 97 95 105 98 97 109 102 93 108 94 84 Rasmusson 102 108 103 102 120 110 111 109 116 118 111 Robust 92 91 96 93 97 97 89 93 102 107 86 Tradition 102 97 103 101 111 98 103 93 113 105 97 Mean (bu/acre) 119 85 116 112 73 63 116 103 86 73 65 LSD(0.1) 13.4 6.8 22.9 6.0 26.8 8.9 19.7 5.2 26.3 11.0 18.9 1 Trial data for Fergus Falls is from 2023 & 2025; 2024 trial was lost to hail. 1 Trial data for Fergus Falls is from 2023 and 2025; 2024 was lost to hail. 22 Trialdata data Rochester is from 2024 2025. Trial forfor Rochester is from 2024 andand 2025. 33 Trial forfor St.St. Paul is for 2023 andand 2024; 20252025 was trial lost to hail. Trialdata data Paul is for 2023 2024; was lost to hail.

Table 12. Relative grain yield (percent of the mean of the trial) of barley varieties in single-year (2025) and year comparisons (2023-2025). Tablemultiple 12. Relative grain yield (percent of the mean of the trial) of barley varieties in a single-year (2025) and multiple year comparisons ( 2025). State North South Variety 2025 2 yr 3 yr 2025 2 yr 3 yr 2025 2 yr 3 yr 2-row ------------------------------------(% of mean)------------------------------------AAC Connect 96 99 99 99 101 100 92 95 96 AAC Synergy 101 100 101 102 100 101 100 99 100 ABI Cardinal 97 98 99 100 100 100 90 94 97 Explorer 96 97 97 99 99 98 90 92 96 ND Genesis 99 100 100 101 102 101 97 95 98 6-row Lacey 102 103 103 99 101 102 106 108 106 ND Treasure 111 112 109 110 111 108 114 115 109 Quest 100 94 95 99 94 95 102 97 96 Rasmusson 105 105 105 102 102 103 109 111 109 Robust 92 93 93 90 91 93 94 96 94 Tradition 101 98 99 99 99 99 106 98 98 Mean 124 113 111 140 134 132 102 84 84 (bu/acre) LSD (0.1) 5.3 2.6 1.5 6.4 3.1 1.7 9.6 4.7 3.2 No. of Trials 12 24 35 7 14 20 5 10 15

Table 13. Origin and agronomic characteristics of oat varieties in Minnesota in multiple-year comparisons (2023-2025). Year of Legal Seed Days to Plant Straw Test Variety Origin1 Release Status Color Heading Height Strength5 Weight (days) (inches) (0-9) (lbs/bu) Antigo WI 2017 PVP Yellow 56 37 4 39.2 2 CDC Endure Sask 2022 PVP Yellow 64 44 3 35.5 Page 47 | Prairie Grains | December 2025 December 2025 | Prairie Grains | Page 47 CS Camden LS 2013 PVP White 62 39 4 34.6 Deon MN 2014 PVP Yellow 62 42 4 37.3 Esker 2020 WI 2020 PVP Yellow 59 38 4 35.0

Gr Pro ( 1 1 1 1 1

North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2025 and Selection Guide Clair Keene, Andrew Green, Shahidul Islam, Andrew Friskop, Tim Friesen, Zhaohui Liu, Upinder Gill, Michael Leng (NDSU Main Station); Yue Jin (USDAARS St. Paul, MN); John Rickertsen (Hettinger Research Extension Center); Leandro Bortolon, Austin Kraklau, Jayden Hansen, and Alexius Holter (North Central Research Extension Center, Minot); Rutendo Nyamusamba and Lawrence Henry (Langdon Research Extension Center); Glenn Martin (Dickinson Research Extension Center); Gautam Pradhan (Williston Research Extension Center); and Kristin Simons (Carrington Research Extension Center)

Hard red spring (HRS) wheat was planted on 5.1 million acres in 2025, down from 5.4 million acres in 2024. The average yield of HRS wheat was 55 bushels/acre (bu/a) across the state, down slightly from the record-high 59 bu/a recorded in 2024. The 2025 growing season was overall favorable for good HRS wheat yields with abundant rainfall in May and June across much of the state. Unusually, the only area of the state that was consistently dry throughout the growing season was the northeast. Many farmers were able to start seeding early relative to recent years with many starting to plant in mid to lateApril and continuing more or less uninterrupted through mid-May. In the middle two weeks of May, much of the state, and especially the central region, recorded well above average rainfall with some locations receiving 5-7 inches of precipitation. Fields that were not seeded prior to this stretch of rainy weather were planted late as farmers had to wait for fields to dry. This had the effect of staggering the maturity of the HRS wheat crop with early-planted fields ready for harvest by mid-August and later-planted fields not ready until September. WB9590 was again the most popular HRS wheat variety in North Dakota in 2025, reportedly planted on 15.9% of acres, followed by SY Valda (9.0%), AP Murdock (8.2%), MN Torgy (7.7%), and AP Smith (3.2%) as the top five varieties. WB9590 is a WestBred/Monsanto release and SY Valda, AP Murdock and AP Smith are Syngenta/AgriPro varieties. MN Torgy is a

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Field Inspected

| December 2025

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University of Minnesota release. NDSU varieties Elgin ND, Faller, and Glenn were reported on 2.2%, 1.5%, and 1.1% of acres, respectively. Glenn is considered a very high-quality HRS wheat and is still contracted on a few acres by the North Dakota Mill to ensure high-quality flour demanded by discerning buyers. As of early fall, the 2025 HRS wheat crop is showing average to above-average protein levels with few quality issues reported. Cool overnight temperatures and rainy weather in August reduced falling numbers in portions of the affected crop. Locally heavy rains in early August in the central portion of the state reduced quality in early-planted fields that were ready to harvest when the rain fell. The August rains did not appear to harm later-planted fields. Successful HRS wheat production depends on numerous factors, including selecting the right variety. The information included in this publication is meant to aid in selecting a variety or group of varieties. Characteristics to consider in selecting a variety include yield potential, protein content when grown with proper fertility, straw strength, plant height, response to problematic pests (diseases, insects, etc.) and maturity. Every growing season differs; therefore, when selecting a variety, we recommend using data that summarize several years and locations. Choose the variety that, on average, performs the best at multiple locations near your farm over several years. Selecting varieties with good milling and baking quality is important to maintain market class recognition and avoid discounts. HRS wheat from the northern Great Plains is known around the world for its excellent end-use quality. It is recommended that producers balance their variety selection by taking into consideration not only yield, but also the quality rankings presented on Table 6 in this publication. Millers and bakers consider many factors in determining the quality and value of wheat they purchase. Several key parameters are high test weight (for optimum milling yield and flour color), high falling number (greater than 300 seconds indicates minimal sprout damage), high protein content (the majority of HRS wheat export markets want at least 14% protein) and excellent protein quality (superior bread-making quality is indicated by strong gluten proteins, high baking absorption and large bread loaf volume). These data are presented in Tables 6 and 7. Gluten strength and milling and baking quality ratings are provided for individual varieties based on the results from the NDSU field trials conducted across multiple locations in 2024 (Table 7). The wheat protein data often are higher than obtained in actual production fields but can be used to compare relative differences among varieties.

New Varieties ND Stampede Hard Red Spring Wheat

ND Williams Oat

ND Miller Oat

For seed contact:

Agronomy Seed Farm, Casselton: 701-347-4743 Carrington REC: 701-652-2951 Langdon REC: 701-256-2582 North Central REC, Minot: 701-857-7677 Williston REC: 701-774-4315

Spring Wheat • Soybean • Durum • Barley Dry Bean • Oat • Winter Rye • Flax Winter Wheat • Field Pea • Lentil • Chickpea

ND Foundation Seedstocks

701-231-8140 • www.ag.ndsu.edu/fss

brian.otteson@ndsu.edu joyana.baumann@ndsu.edu • toni.muffenbier@ndsu.edu NDSU is an EEO/AA-M/F/Vet/Disability Employer.

December 2025 |

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Page 49

The agronomic data presented in this publication are from replicated research trials using experimental designs that enable the use of statistical analysis. These analyses enable the reader to determine, at a predetermined level of confidence, if the differences observed among varieties are reliable or if they might be due to error inherent in the experimental process. The LSD (least significant difference) values beneath the columns in the tables are derived from these statistical analyses and apply only to the numbers in the column in which they appear. If the difference between two varieties exceeds the LSD value shown at the bottom of the table, it means that with 90% confidence (LSD probability 0.10), the higher-yielding variety has a significant and real yield advantage. When the difference between two varieties is less than the LSD value, no significant difference was found between those two varieties under the growing conditions. Ideally, aim to select varieties that are high-yielding, preferably across locations and years, for your region of the state, along with those varieties that appear in the top half of the Wheat Quality Index ratings (Tables 6 and 7). NS is used to indicate no significant difference for that trait among any of the varieties tested at the 90% level of confidence. CV stands for coefficient of variation and is expressed as a percentage. The CV is a measure of variability in the trial. Large CVs (CV > 10%) indicate a large amount of variation could not be attributed to differences among the varieties. Yield is reported on a 13.5% moisture basis, while protein content is reported at 12% moisture content, per industry standards. Presentation of data for the entries tested does not imply approval or endorsement by the authors or agencies conducting the test. North Dakota State University approves the reproduction of any table in the publication only if no portion is deleted or altered, appropriate footnotes are given, and the order of the data is not rearranged. Additional data from county sites are available from each NDSU Research Extension Center and at https://www. ag.ndsu.edu/varietytrials/variety-trial-results. Overall, the 2025 HRS wheat crop experienced lower disease pressure relative to 2024. However, moderate temperatures and high humidity and/or rain resulted in some localized areas of Fusarium Head Blight (scab). Multiple rounds of strong thunderstorms impacted the crop in the central and southeast parts of the state in mid-summer which contributed to pockets of bacterial leaf streak (BLS) within fields. The disease observations below provide a brief summary of issues that likely impacted yields at selected locations. Page 50

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Location 2025 Disease and damage observations of note Casselton Moderate to high levels of FHB which reduced yield of many varieties. Severe lodging occurred after a period of intense rain and wind and the trial was harvested after a prolonged period of rain. Forman

Moderate bacterial leaf streak (BLS), trace levels of late-season leaf rust, and high levels of FHB. Grain was harvested late after multiple rain events delayed harvest and caused sprout damage.

Prosper

Moderate levels of FHB, which reduced yield of many varieties. Strong winds caused a fair amount of lodging in the trial.

Thompson Moderate levels of FHB, which reduced yield of many varieties. Some lodging occurred due to late- summer thunderstorms. Williston

A late July hailstorm reduced small grain yields by 30%-40% across the research station.

List of Tables Table 1. North Dakota hard red spring wheat variety descriptions, agronomic traits, 2025. Table 2. Yield of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at six locations in eastern North Dakota, 2023-2025. Table 3. Yield of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at five locations in western North Dakota, 2023-2025. Table 4. Protein at 12% moisture of hard red spring wheat grown at eleven locations in North Dakota, 2025. Table 5. Test weight of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at eleven locations in North Dakota, 2025. Table 6. Quality data from 2022-2024. Table 7. Quality data from 2024 from four locations across North Dakota. Table 8. Yield, test weight, and protein data from the 2025 variety by fungicide trials at Prosper and Thompson.

December 2025 |

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2025 North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Table 1. North Dakota hard red spring wheat variety descriptions, agronomic traits, 2025. Reaction to Disease5 Agent or

Year

Height

Straw

Days to

Stem

Leaf

Tan

Bact. Leaf

Head

Stripe

DRI

Variety

Origin1

Released

(inches)2

Strength3

Head4

Rust6

Rust

Spot

Streak

Scab

Rust

Value8

AAC Hockley

Evolution Genetics

2022

AAC Hodge

Evolution Genetics

2022

AP Dagr

Syngenta/AgriPro

2024

AP Elevate

Syngenta/AgriPro

2024

AP Gunsmoke CL2

Syngenta/AgriPro

2021

AP Iconic

Syngenta/AgriPro

2024

AP Murdock

Syngenta/AgriPro

2019

AP Smith

Syngenta/AgriPro

2021

Ascend-SD

2022

Brawn-SD

2022

CP3678

Croplan

2025

Dagmar

2019

Driver

2019

Enhance-SD

2025

Faller

2007

LCS Ascent

Limagrain

2022

LCS Cannon

Limagrain

2018

LCS Rimfire

Limagrain

2024

MN-Lang

2017

MN- Rothsay

2022

MN-Torgy

2020

Mott7

2009

MS Charger

Meridian Seeds

2022

MS Cobra

Meridian Seeds

2022

MS Nova

Meridian Seeds

2024

MT Carlson

2023

ND Frohberg

2020

ND Heron

2021

ND Horizon

2025

ND Roughrider

2025

Reaction to Disease

Page 52

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Table 1. North Dakota hard red spring wheat variety descriptions, agronomic traits, 2025. Agent or

Year

Height

Variety

Origin

Released

(inches)

ND Stampede

2024

ND Thresher

2023

PFS Muffins

Peterson Farm Seeds

2025

PFS Rolls

Peterson Farm Seeds

PG Predator

Premier Genetics

Straw

Days to

Stem

Leaf

Tan

Bact. Leaf

Head

Stripe

DRI

Head

Rust

Spot

Streak

Scab

Rust

Value8

2023

2025

Strength

Shelly

2016

SY 611CL2

Syngenta/AgriPro

2019

SY Ingmar

Syngenta/AgriPro

2014

SY Valda

Syngenta/AgriPro

2015

TCG-Badlands

21st Century Genetics

2024

TCG-Wildcat

21st Century Genetics

2020

TCG-Zelda

21st Century Genetics

2024

TW Olympic

Thunder Seed

2021

TW Trailfire

Thunder Seed

2022

WB9590

WestBred

2017

Refers to agent or developer: MN = Univ of Minnesota; MT = Montana State Univ; ND = North Dakota State Univ; SD = South Dakota State Univ Varieties in bold text are a recent release or first year entry in NDSU trials with limited data available and the potential for future ratings to change.

Height data averaged from 9 locations in 2025.

Straw Strength = 1 to 9 scale, with 1 the strongest and 9 the weakest. These values are based on recent data and may change as more data become available.

Days to Head = the number of days from planting to head emergence from the boot, averaged based on data from 7 locations in 2025.

4 5

Disease reaction scores from 1 to 9, with 1 = resistant and 9 = very susceptible, NA = not available. Stem rust scores determined from field severity ratings and Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race QFCQ

Solid stem or semi-solid stem for increased resistance to wheat stem sawfly.

8 Disease Risk Index Value = Value to assess overall disease risk associated with a variety. The higher the value indicates higher disease risk. Value created using a weighted formula based on ranked importance of wheat diseases. Value does not include stripe rust (incomplete data due to minimal stripe rust occurrence in 2025).

December 2025 |

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2025 North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Table 2. Yield of hard red spring wheat varieties at six locations in eastern North Dakota 2023-2025. Carrington Variety

2025

Casselton 3 Yr.

2025

Forman 3 Yr.

2025

Langdon 3 Yr.

2025

Prosper 3 Yr.

2025

Thompson 3 Yr.

Average

2025

2 Yr.

2025

3 Yr.

------------------------------------------------------------- (bu/a) --------------------------------------------------------------------AAC Hockley

66.4

77.3

62.0

80.5

85.8

65.7

72.9

AAC Hodge

72.7

86.7

71.8

87.3

91.6

72.0

80.4

AP Dagr

81.7

87.7

72.0

87.4

93.0

77.0

83.1

AP Elevate

78.7

92.9

68.4

90.4

99.5

79.6

92.7

84.9

AP Gunsmoke CL2

76.9

68.6

89.9

86.1

70.2

68.4

81.7

78.6

89.1

89.6

80.1

87.2

81.3

79.7

AP Iconic

76.2

89.5

66.0

89.6

99.0

80.1

83.4

AP Murdock

84.2

76.0

92.1

91.3

67.1

68.7

93.6

84.0

99.9

93.5

81.3

93.5

86.4

84.5

AP Smith

75.1

72.2

85.9

86.4

62.7

65.6

83.8

81.7

87.5

88.4

74.4

88.2

78.2

80.4

Ascend-SD

79.8

79.7

95.6

92.3

73.6

67.0

96.4

85.9

94.0

99.3

79.0

92.2

86.4

86.1

Brawn-SD

85.3

76.5

89.2

90.5

67.9

67.1

89.7

85.9

104.9

101.6

76.0

94.3

85.5

86.0

CP3678

71.8

94.4

68.4

88.5

89.9

64.4

79.6

Dagmar

81.3

91.0

60.2

86.2

96.9

80.0

82.6

Driver

70.9

72.4

93.5

89.7

74.7

68.1

90.7

85.6

93.4

92.7

72.5

85.9

82.6

82.4

Enhance-SD

87.5

90.6

75.0

92.4

103.4

78.5

94.9

87.9

Faller

86.4

78.7

95.4

77.7

98.2

89.4

100.0

81.3

92.2

89.8

86.8

LCS Ascent

77.9

71.9

80.4

89.7

68.9

67.4

92.1

86.6

100.2

80.0

94.4

83.2

82.0

LCS Cannon

72.2

70.4

83.5

87.2

74.3

69.4

87.3

84.9

96.8

93.9

82.3

92.3

82.7

83.0

LCS Rimfire

82.0

85.9

65.8

89.6

97.7

88.4

70.3

81.9

88.4

MN-Lang

70.5

83.7

69.7

86.9

83.0

73.5

77.9

MN- Rothsay

79.2

74.1

93.2

88.1

75.9

69.1

89.1

85.6

93.7

93.0

78.4

91.1

84.9

83.5

MN-Torgy

79.5

70.1

86.6

85.5

73.4

69.4

94.9

83.9

92.6

94.6

70.2

83.9

82.9

81.2

Mott

87.9

68.8

91.9

67.7

79.0

MS Charger

81.0

77.2

92.2

92.4

71.1

70.5

92.5

88.3

92.7

97.3

79.2

97.8

84.8

87.2

MS Cobra

75.9

70.7

81.4

87.3

61.9

63.7

91.0

84.1

93.5

90.0

70.3

89.3

79.0

80.9

MS Nova

69.3

79.1

68.4

84.2

92.9

76.7

87.1

78.4

87.1

MT Carlson

75.3

87.4

51.5

74.7

97.5

64.7

81.5

75.2

81.5

Page 54

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Table 2. Yield of hard red spring wheat varieties at six locations in eastern North Dakota 2023-2025. Carrington Variety

2025

Casselton 3 Yr.

2025

Forman 3 Yr.

2025

Langdon 3 Yr.

2025

Prosper 3 Yr.

2025

Thompson 3 Yr.

Average

2025

2 Yr.

2025

3 Yr.

------------------------------------------------------------- (bu/a) --------------------------------------------------------------------ND Frohberg

69.9

69.0

80.1

82.7

62.9

59.0

80.9

77.2

92.2

90.6

68.6

84.7

75.8

77.2

ND Heron

69.9

64.9

78.9

79.1

70.1

64.6

85.1

80.0

90.8

88.9

71.5

79.7

77.7

76.2

ND Horizon

80.7

75.1

93.5

96.3

74.1

71.3

89.4

85.1

101.0

98.6

90.4

93.2

88.2

86.6

ND Roughrider

83.5

86.8

96.3

93.2

69.7

73.6

88.1

87.7

99.5

104.3

85.8

102.6

87.1

91.4

ND Stampede

81.6

79.0

90.8

86.9

73.2

71.2

85.6

85.5

98.5

97.0

84.5

103.3

85.7

87.2

ND Thresher

75.4

71.0

91.8

86.6

65.8

63.3

96.1

81.6

93.3

92.3

72.1

90.5

82.4

80.9

PFS Muffins

82.1

83.3

64.8

95.8

93.6

81.1

83.4

PFS Rolls

75.7

86.5

58.6

85.7

100.8

75.3

86.5

80.4

86.5

PG Predator

73.1

89.6

69.1

88.3

95.3

79.5

82.5

Shelly

71.7

68.8

80.5

83.5

74.3

70.7

88.2

88.3

98.3

95.5

76.4

81.6

81.3

SY 611CL2

79.1

75.1

84.6

86.7

70.9

67.1

87.3

85.3

92.5

93.7

75.8

91.6

81.7

83.2

SY Ingmar

71.2

69.1

86.0

85.4

62.7

63.2

84.9

76.8

90.1

89.3

72.7

86.2

77.9

78.3

SY Valda

77.1

75.6

89.3

92.0

67.9

71.2

89.0

85.0

90.8

97.4

86.4

96.5

83.4

86.3

TCG-Badlands

79.8

87.8

61.8

82.5

93.5

69.6

89.6

79.2

89.6

TCG-Wildcat

78.7

77.5

88.4

89.6

60.4

59.8

85.5

82.9

97.5

98.2

85.7

94.8

82.7

83.8

TCG-Zelda

82.5

87.8

68.4

90.3

102.9

78.6

96.5

85.1

96.5

TW Olympic

75.2

93.0

73.0

96.3

99.6

75.0

85.3

TW Trailfire

72.3

84.4

66.6

81.9

84.5

74.1

77.3

WB9590

66.5

67.7

80.4

82.3

68.6

63.7

84.7

82.5

99.9

97.3

76.0

89.1

79.3

80.4

Mean

76.9

73.5

87.7

87.9

68.0

67.2

89.0

84.1

95.0

94.5

76.3

91.1

82.0

84.1

CV%

5.4

3.6

4.2

6.4

6.5

5.0

LSD 0.10

4.8

4.2

3.9

4.0

6.4

8.6

4.0

REALTY & LAND CO.

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 55

2025 North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Table 3. Yield of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at five locations in western North Dakota 2023-2025. Dickinson Variety

2025

Hettinger

3 Yr.

2025

Mandan 3 Yr.

2025

Minot 3 Yr.

2025

Williston1 3 Yr.

2025

Average

3 Yr.

2025

3 Yr.

------------------------------------------------------------------ (bu/a) ---------------------------------------------------------------------AAC Hockley

64.3

55.6

58.8

42.0

55.2

AAC Hodge

69.6

56.5

66.5

43.5

59.0

AP Dagr

80.4

64.5

58.7

65.3

38.4

61.5

AP Elevate

80.7

67.8

59.8

67.2

32.5

61.6

AP Gunsmoke CL2

83.2

67.7

65.2

70.5

50.0

53.9

64.1

61.0

42.2

51.4

60.9

AP Iconic

79.2

70.6

56.0

66.4

39.3

62.3

AP Murdock

74.2

61.7

63.2

65.0

54.6

58.6

60.5

63.9

32.1

43.2

56.9

58.5

AP Smith

77.2

62.6

64.8

66.7

52.6

54.2

62.3

60.6

34.9

41.6

58.4

57.1

Ascend-SD

86.7

67.2

68.8

70.8

57.3

62.7

72.1

66.0

38.8

45.3

64.7

62.4

Brawn-SD

86.6

67.8

71.8

75.0

65.1

61.0

75.4

70.5

41.9

45.5

68.2

63.9

CP3678

88.9

69.0

54.6

67.6

45.0

65.0

Dagmar

82.3

67.9

52.9

71.3

46.0

64.1

Driver

84.0

66.1

66.9

71.8

62.3

62.2

66.2

57.8

44.6

51.3

64.8

61.9

Enhance-SD

76.5

70.1

57.7

65.0

36.2

61.1

Faller

85.6

68.7

71.2

57.1

78.0

38.8

66.1

68.7

LCS Ascent

94.1

73.8

70.9

69.6

55.0

56.6

77.1

70.2

39.1

52.1

67.2

64.5

LCS Cannon

76.1

67.0

68.3

67.2

56.6

56.0

67.3

60.6

42.6

46.9

62.2

59.5

LCS Rimfire

83.2

67.4

56.9

71.9

43.8

64.6

MN-Lang

79.7

64.4

53.6

64.0

35.3

59.4

MN- Rothsay

88.0

67.5

68.9

69.8

58.0

59.7

67.6

65.6

38.5

43.8

64.2

61.3

MN-Torgy

83.5

67.7

68.8

71.4

62.3

64.8

68.5

66.6

43.3

49.0

65.3

63.9

Mott

MS Charger

91.4

67.7

67.8

72.0

57.3

56.1

78.7

63.8

43.2

51.3

67.7

62.2

MS Cobra

84.4

67.1

63.8

66.9

55.7

58.5

70.8

66.3

35.9

44.6

62.1

60.7

MS Nova

86.3

67.4

56.8

68.1

47.1

65.2

MT Carlson

80.4

66.4

50.8

72.1

37.2

61.4

Williston site damaged by a hailstorm which was estimated to reduce small grain yields by 40%. Assuming 40% loss, trial average yield potential was 55.3 bu/ ac.

Page 56

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Table 3. Yield of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at five locations in western North Dakota 2023-2025. Dickinson

Hettinger

Variety

2025

3 Yr.

ND Frohberg

79.2

64.8

2025

Mandan 3 Yr.

2025

Minot 3 Yr.

2025

Williston1 3 Yr.

2025

Average

3 Yr.

2025

3 Yr. 57.9

------------------------------------------------------------------ (bu/a) ---------------------------------------------------------------------63.7

66.1

58.2

55.5

66.2

60.2

34.2

42.7

60.3

ND Heron

75.9

62.1

65.8

65.3

55.0

54.0

66.7

58.6

43.8

48.9

61.4

57.8

ND Horizon

82.0

64.1

64.9

69.5

61.6

62.3

81.0

65.4

43.5

66.6

65.3

ND Roughrider

92.7

69.2

75.7

76.2

68.4

68.1

81.0

71.4

41.6

71.9

71.2

ND Stampede

86.1

65.6

67.2

70.3

61.5

59.4

78.5

68.3

35.6

65.8

65.9

ND Thresher

77.8

60.7

61.4

67.2

45.1

52.3

64.2

56.7

36.9

39.2

57.1

55.2

PFS Muffins

91.9

68.4

58.5

79.8

38.7

67.5

PFS Rolls

91.7

70.1

54.3

74.3

33.8

64.8

PG Predator

82.0

67.6

58.8

71.1

33.8

62.7

Shelly

88.8

69.0

65.0

69.9

57.9

59.1

78.0

68.9

40.2

44.5

66.0

62.3

SY 611CL2

80.7

66.6

68.0

69.2

56.0

61.0

68.4

61.4

42.2

49.9

63.1

61.6

SY Ingmar

77.5

64.1

63.9

62.9

52.0

55.2

64.8

58.4

38.0

59.2

60.1

SY Valda

85.5

68.1

66.2

69.7

58.0

61.5

69.5

61.3

42.7

64.4

65.1

TCG-Badlands

87.5

66.4

57.6

73.7

30.1

63.1

TCG-Wildcat

83.0

67.5

66.2

67.4

58.8

59.9

63.0

66.2

33.9

45.1

61.0

61.2

TCG-Zelda

89.1

69.6

61.5

72.3

43.6

67.2

TW Olympic

88.7

70.3

59.1

68.0

36.6

64.5

TW Trailfire

76.0

59.8

44.7

71.1

45.3

59.4

WB9590

79.0

64.5

69.7

68.5

56.2

55.4

71.1

65.7

35.8

62.4

63.5

Mean

83.9

66.4

67.6

69.5

56.0

58.5

70.4

39.5

46.5

63.1

62.1

CV%

6.2

4.5

8.2

7.2

6.7

5.9

LSD 0.10

4.8

2.8

4.2

6.8

6.2

3.9

Williston site damaged by a hailstorm which was estimated to reduce small grain yields by 40%. Assuming 40% loss, trial average yield potential was 55.3 bu/ ac.

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December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 57

2025 North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Table 4. Protein at 12% moisture of hard red spring wheat varieties across 11 locations in North Dakota, 2025. Variety

Carrington

Casselton

Forman

Langdon

Prosper

Thompson

AAC Hockley

15.6

15.0

15.6

14.1

13.7

13.9

AAC Hodge

15.4

14.5

15.9

15.2

14.5

AP Dagr

14.0

13.4

14.3

13.4

13.2

AP Elevate

14.8

14.3

15.2

14.4

AP Gunsmoke CL2

15.5

14.8

15.5

14.7

AP Iconic

14.2

13.8

14.6

AP Murdock

14.5

14.3

15.3

AP Smith

15.1

14.4

Ascend-SD

15.1

14.7

Brawn-SD

13.7

CP3678 Dagmar

Dickinson

Hettinger

Mandan

Minot

Williston

State Avg.

--------------------------------------------------------------(%)---------------------------------------------------------------

12.4

13.9

14.1

17.8

14.6

14.1

13.3

14.7

14.4

17.3

14.9

12.6

13.8

11.4

13.0

12.5

16.6

13.5

13.6

13.0

14.4

13.1

14.3

15.0

16.8

14.4

14.9

14.3

11.8

13.5

15.0

17.3

14.7

14.0

13.4

12.8

14.3

12.5

14.0

13.1

16.2

13.9

14.0

13.6

12.8

14.0

12.3

13.7

15.0

16.3

14.1

15.2

14.7

13.7

14.5

13.3

14.5

14.3

16.1

14.5

15.6

15.2

14.1

14.4

14.3

12.5

13.2

14.7

16.3

14.6

14.3

14.6

13.3

13.0

12.7

13.1

12.0

12.4

14.2

15.2

13.5

15.1

14.9

16.1

14.5

14.4

14.5

14.7

12.7

14.1

15.1

16.4

14.8

14.7

15.3

16.4

15.2

14.1

14.5

15.0

12.4

14.4

16.0

16.7

15.0

Driver

14.4

14.6

15.4

14.1

13.9

13.7

13.9

13.1

13.5

15.3

15.2

14.3

Enhance-SD

15.1

14.8

16.0

15.0

13.7

14.1

14.0

13.2

13.7

14.8

16.4

14.6

Faller

13.5

14.1

15.4

13.7

13.2

13.1

13.6

12.3

13.5

14.2

14.7

13.8

LCS Ascent

13.4

13.9

15.1

14.1

12.7

12.1

13.3

11.8

12.9

13.8

15.9

13.5

LCS Cannon

14.6

14.9

15.5

14.0

12.8

14.0

12.7

12.9

14.8

15.8

14.1

LCS Rimfire

13.9

14.7

15.7

14.6

13.2

13.5

14.0

12.5

13.9

15.3

15.1

14.2

MN-Lang

14.9

15.0

16.4

15.2

14.4

14.6

13.2

15.1

15.7

15.0

MN- Rothsay

14.9

14.2

15.4

14.4

13.4

13.8

13.2

13.7

15.0

16.2

14.3

MN-Torgy

14.9

14.5

16.1

14.5

14.1

14.5

14.1

12.5

14.2

15.1

16.4

14.6

Mott

14.4

15.9

13.5

13.6

14.3

MS Charger

13.4

13.0

14.0

12.6

12.2

11.9

12.6

11.5

12.5

13.2

14.3

12.8

MS Cobra

14.8

14.5

16.0

14.8

13.7

13.5

14.0

12.7

13.9

15.3

15.7

14.4

Page 58

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Table 4. Protein at 12% moisture of hard red spring wheat varieties across 11 locations in North Dakota, 2025. Variety

Carrington

Casselton

Forman

Langdon

Prosper

Thompson

Dickinson

Hettinger

Mandan

Minot

Williston

State Avg.

--------------------------------------------------------------(%)-------------------------------------------------------------MS Nova

15.0

14.7

15.8

14.5

13.7

13.3

13.8

12.7

13.5

14.5

16.2

14.3

MT Carlson

14.1

14.4

15.5

14.1

13.0

12.8

13.5

12.1

13.3

13.8

15.0

13.8

ND Frohberg

15.4

14.4

15.4

14.5

13.4

13.3

14.8

12.5

14.3

15.3

16.1

14.5

ND Heron

15.0

15.1

16.0

15.0

14.2

13.8

14.5

13.2

14.0

14.6

17.0

14.8

ND Horizon

15.5

15.0

15.9

15.6

14.1

13.7

14.6

13.0

13.8

14.9

16.5

14.8

ND Roughrider

14.5

14.1

14.8

14.4

14.3

13.9

13.3

11.9

13.7

14.0

16.9

14.2

ND Stampede

14.4

15.1

15.8

15.2

13.8

14.0

14.3

12.4

13.8

16.1

17.2

14.7

ND Thresher

14.5

14.7

15.6

14.8

13.8

14.1

14.3

12.9

15.6

15.4

16.0

14.7

PFS Muffins

14.0

14.4

15.4

14.3

13.7

13.2

13.7

11.9

13.6

15.2

15.8

14.1

PFS Rolls

15.0

14.3

15.7

14.6

13.3

13.2

13.5

12.2

13.6

14.0

15.7

14.1

PG Predator

14.6

14.3

15.3

14.7

13.7

13.1

14.5

13.0

14.4

14.6

16.3

14.4

Shelly

14.7

14.1

15.9

14.5

13.3

13.5

13.6

11.7

13.5

14.6

14.3

14.0

SY 611CL2

14.6

14.5

15.5

14.7

14.0

13.7

14.6

12.2

14.0

14.6

16.3

14.4

SY Ingmar

15.3

14.6

15.1

14.8

14.0

13.9

14.7

13.0

14.8

15.0

16.7

14.7

SY Valda

14.9

14.0

14.8

14.2

13.6

13.2

13.8

12.1

13.1

14.5

15.9

14.0

TCG-Badlands

14.5

14.3

15.1

14.3

13.2

13.3

13.9

12.2

13.4

14.5

16.2

14.1

TCG-Wildcat

14.3

15.0

15.6

15.1

13.9

14.3

13.1

14.1

15.4

17.0

14.7

TCG-Zelda

14.3

14.8

15.1

14.2

13.6

13.8

14.0

12.6

13.6

14.8

16.4

14.3

TW Olympic

14.1

14.8

15.7

14.2

13.8

13.7

12.5

13.7

15.4

16.0

14.4

TW Trailfire

14.5

15.3

16.0

14.8

13.0

13.2

14.3

12.4

13.4

15.3

16.1

14.4

WB9590

15.5

15.3

15.9

14.7

13.9

13.8

14.7

13.0

13.9

14.5

17.1

14.8

Mean

14.5

15.5

14.3

13.7

13.5

14.1

12.5

13.7

14.5

16.1

14.3

CV%

3.8

1.2

0.3

2.2

4.1

1.9

2.9

4.1

2.6

4.8

3.1

2.8

LSD 0.10

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.9

1.2

0.3

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 59

2025 North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Table 5. Test weight of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at 11 locations in North Dakota, 2025. Variety

Carrington

Casselton

Forman

Langdon

Prosper

Thompson

AAC Hockley

63.9

61.7

60.3

59.8

60.8

59.6

AAC Hodge

63.6

61.4

59.7

58.6

60.3

AP Dagr

61.0

59.8

56.7

58.0

56.9

AP Elevate

61.5

61.1

58.9

58.4

AP Gunsmoke CL2

62.1

60.3

59.3

58.1

AP Iconic

62.8

61.3

58.6

AP Murdock

61.7

60.5

58.3

AP Smith

62.1

60.9

Ascend-SD

63.4

61.2

Brawn-SD

64.0

CP3678 Dagmar

Dickinson

Hettinger

Mandan

Minot

Williston

State Avg.

---------------------------------------------------------------- (lb/bu) -----------------------------------------------------------------

61.7

58.2

64.0

55.2

60.5

59.6

61.5

57.7

63.8

55.0

60.1

55.3

60.2

59.3

56.6

62.5

53.1

58.1

58.9

58.3

61.4

60.5

57.1

63.0

54.6

59.4

58.2

58.9

61.1

59.9

56.9

63.1

54.5

59.3

58.9

58.8

58.0

61.1

60.4

56.8

63.7

54.8

59.6

56.2

59.3

59.1

60.6

60.4

56.7

62.3

54.0

59.0

58.6

58.8

58.6

57.4

61.5

60.9

56.5

63.6

54.7

59.4

59.8

55.3

59.9

59.6

61.8

61.4

58.2

63.3

54.5

59.9

62.1

58.9

61.6

61.5

60.2

62.8

61.9

58.9

64.8

56.8

61.2

62.3

60.9

58.0

58.4

59.4

57.2

61.4

61.0

56.4

63.3

55.9

59.5

63.0

60.6

57.7

59.0

59.7

58.7

60.9

61.1

56.9

62.9

54.8

59.6

Driver

63.4

61.8

59.1

60.5

59.7

62.1

61.9

58.9

64.2

56.6

60.8

Enhance-SD

62.7

60.3

57.5

57.8

59.7

58.5

60.8

60.9

57.0

62.7

55.1

59.4

Faller

62.9

60.7

58.0

59.6

58.6

58.9

61.0

60.3

56.8

63.2

54.3

59.5

LCS Ascent

63.0

60.9

59.7

54.9

60.2

59.5

62.0

61.5

57.5

63.5

55.8

59.9

LCS Cannon

63.8

61.8

60.2

60.9

60.1

62.8

61.4

58.9

64.1

56.4

61.0

LCS Rimfire

62.7

60.4

57.4

55.7

59.0

57.6

61.1

60.5

56.9

62.6

55.1

59.0

MN-Lang

63.5

61.4

60.5

61.2

60.5

62.2

61.6

57.7

63.4

55.2

60.7

Page 60

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

Table 5. Test weight of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at 11 locations in North Dakota, 2025. Variety

Carrington

Casselton

Forman

Langdon

Prosper

Thompson

Dickinson

Hettinger

Mandan

Minot

Williston

State Avg.

---------------------------------------------------------------- (lb/bu) ---------------------------------------------------------------MN- Rothsay

63.0

61.3

58.5

57.9

59.8

58.7

61.7

61.2

57.0

63.2

56.2

59.8

MN-Torgy

63.1

61.1

60.5

58.6

60.4

59.3

61.6

61.7

58.3

63.1

55.6

60.3

Mott

61.0

58.1

60.0

59.4

59.6

MS Charger

62.4

60.5

58.4

59.3

58.1

57.6

60.7

60.1

57.3

62.8

56.2

59.4

MS Cobra

62.8

61.1

57.2

57.8

59.9

59.1

61.4

60.7

57.7

62.7

56.7

59.7

MS Nova

62.4

61.0

57.9

58.2

59.4

58.9

61.6

60.8

57.8

63.2

54.8

59.6

MT Carlson

62.0

60.2

53.3

52.3

59.5

56.8

60.8

59.7

56.6

62.9

54.8

58.1

ND Frohberg

63.5

61.4

56.8

59.2

60.0

58.8

62.2

61.2

58.3

63.6

55.6

60.1

ND Heron

64.0

61.4

60.2

59.5

61.0

59.6

62.4

61.3

58.7

63.2

55.7

60.6

ND Horizon

62.9

61.8

58.8

56.9

59.1

60.2

61.1

58.0

57.3

63.4

55.2

59.5

ND Roughrider

61.7

60.2

56.3

57.8

58.1

57.9

60.7

59.7

56.9

63.0

52.2

58.6

ND Stampede

62.6

61.1

58.2

60.5

58.9

58.4

61.4

59.9

56.8

63.0

54.0

59.5

ND Thresher

61.6

60.3

58.4

55.7

59.1

58.1

60.1

59.1

55.2

62.3

53.3

58.5

PFS Muffins

62.2

60.8

56.8

56.3

58.1

57.3

61.0

59.9

56.7

62.9

54.7

58.8

PFS Rolls

62.3

60.9

56.8

56.4

60.0

58.4

60.8

60.4

56.0

63.2

55.0

59.1

PG Predator

61.6

60.5

59.4

58.2

57.8

61.3

60.2

56.7

62.7

55.7

59.3

Shelly

62.7

61.1

58.5

58.2

60.0

53.1

61.9

60.7

57.8

63.5

57.0

59.5

SY 611CL2

62.9

61.6

59.3

58.6

59.4

58.6

62.6

60.8

58.1

63.1

55.5

60.0

SY Ingmar

63.1

61.7

59.5

59.3

58.9

58.8

62.0

61.1

57.5

63.6

56.0

60.1

SY Valda

63.1

61.4

60.0

60.5

59.0

59.3

61.6

60.8

57.6

63.4

55.6

60.2

TCG-Badlands

62.5

60.5

56.0

55.3

59.6

58.2

61.1

60.6

55.9

62.6

55.1

58.9

TCG-Wildcat

63.5

61.1

55.5

59.0

59.3

59.9

62.3

60.5

57.9

63.8

55.4

59.8

TCG-Zelda

62.9

61.3

58.2

57.5

59.0

58.0

61.3

60.4

56.3

63.2

55.4

59.4

TW Olympic

63.1

61.3

59.4

60.3

58.9

58.8

62.2

61.2

58.5

63.3

56.2

60.3

TW Trailfire

62.8

60.7

58.9

56.9

59.1

57.5

60.8

60.1

57.2

62.6

54.9

59.2

WB9590

62.5

60.8

57.0

56.8

59.7

57.9

61.0

60.6

56.8

63.3

53.8

59.1

Mean

62.6

61.0

58.3

58.0

59.4

58.5

61.4

60.6

57.2

63.2

55.1

59.6

CV%

0.7

0.4

1.0

0.5

3.4

3.6

0.6

0.9

1.3

0.5

1.2

1.7

LSD 0.10

0.5

0.3

0.8

0.7

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.4

1.5

0.7

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 61

2025 North Dakota Quality Data: 2022-2024 Table 6. Quality data from 2022-2024. The Wheat Quality Index (WQI) is a weighted average developed to summarize the relative milling and baking quality of lines in the trial. Data from across years are from 2022-2024 for all varieties which were tested in a minimum of two years (and four locations per year) across North Dakota. Test Weight1

Vitreous Kernels2

Wheat Protein3

Farinograph Absorption4

Flour Extraction5

Farinograph Stability6

Loaf Volume7

lb/bu

12% m.b.

min

cm3

ND Frohberg

61.6

69.1

14.3

67.7

67.3

13.7

982.1

MS Cobra

61.1

79.9

14.5

67.1

68.0

11.0

1052.4

ND Thresher

59.6

68.5

14.8

66.3

68.9

11.9

999.7

ND Horizon

61.1

73.7

14.6

68.0

67.6

9.5

995.3

ND Stampede

60.7

71.8

14.3

68.0

66.5

12.4

975.4

SY Ingmar

61.3

73.4

14.8

64.7

67.9

12.5

990.5

AP Smith

60.5

71.8

14.5

64.6

67.1

14.9

952.2

Ascend-SD

61.3

83.4

14.4

66.5

67.2

10.8

952.2

WB9590

61.0

72.1

14.5

65.3

66.8

14.0

940.2

SY 611CL2

61.6

68.8

14.4

69.7

66.3

10.2

958.8

Faller

60.5

65.3

13.9

65.5

69.4

11.2

965.4

LCS Cannon

62.4

53.7

14.3

65.2

69.2

12.5

943.9

ND Heron

62.0

68.1

15.1

73.4

65.6

8.7

970.9

MN Rothsay

60.7

58.7

14.2

63.0

68.5

15.4

935.5

LCS Ascent

61.7

40.5

13.7

65.0

67.6

15.6

930.7

TCG-Wildcat

61.5

71.7

14.6

65.5

67.5

10.8

925.0

AP Murdock

60.1

59.9

14.0

65.4

67.3

13.2

927.1

Brawn-SD

62.3

62.2

13.5

63.7

67.8

16.1

899.0

Shelly

61.2

60.7

13.7

62.6

69.1

14.5

902.1

MN Torgy

61.2

65.2

14.5

63.8

67.0

11.8

911.8

ND Roughrider

59.6

72.5

13.7

66.6

67.2

9.4

909.6

SY Valda

60.7

71.8

14.1

64.7

67.9

8.9

919.3

AP Gunsmoke CL2

60.3

66.4

14.8

63.0

66.6

13.4

890.2

MS Charger

60.7

53.6

12.8

65.7

67.7

10.7

896.8

Driver

61.3

61.8

14.1

61.9

68.0

12.3

891.6

Mean

60.8

68.3

14.2

65.4

67.6

12.8

943.4

Variety

WQI Rank8

Test weight - Expressed in pounds (lbs) per bushel. A high test weight is desirable. A 58 lb test weight is required for a grade of US No. 1.

Vitreous kernels - Percentage seeds having a vitreous-colored endosperm, a high percentage is desirable. US No. 1 DNS requires > 75% vitreous kernels. 2

Wheat Protein - Measured by NIR at a 12% moisture basis. A high protein is desirable for baking quality.

Farinograph Absorption - Measured by NIR at a 14% moisture basis. A measure of dough water absorption, expressed as percent. A high absorption is desirable.

5 Flour Extraction - Percentage of milled flour recovered from cleaned and tempered wheat. A high flour extraction percentage is desirable.

Farinograph Stability - A measure of dough strength expressed in minutes above the 500 Brabender unit line during mixing. A high stability is desirable.

Loaf Volume - The volume of the pup loaf of bread, expressed in cubic centimeters. A high volume is desirable.

Standardized means were used to calculate the Wheat Quality Index (WQI). The WQI is a weighted index calculated as: Test Weight (5%); Vitreous kernel (5%); Wheat Protein (10%); Flour Extraction (10%); Farinograph Absorption (23.3%); Farinograph Stability (23.3%) and Loaf Volume (23.3%). Adjusted means across locations were calculated for each trait using a mixed model. These means were standardized (mean=0 and standard deviation=1) to remove the effect of scale, which varies between traits. Page 62 | Prairie Grains | December 2025 8

2025 North Dakota Quality Data: 2024 Table 7. Quality Data from 2024 from four locations across North Dakota. The Wheat Quality Index (WQI) is a weighted average developed to summarize relative milling and baking quality of the varieties tested. Data below are from varieties tested in 2024 at Hettinger, Williston, Minot, and Thompson (Grand Forks Co.) ND. These data are always presented from the previous year due to the amount of time it takes to test the samples. Test Weight1

Vitreous Kernels2

Wheat Protein3

Farinograph Absorption4

Flour Extraction5

Farinograph Stability6

Loaf Volume7

lb/bu

12% m.b.

min

cm3

ND Frohberg

61.6

69.1

14.3

67.7

67.3

13.7

982.1

MS Cobra

61.1

79.9

14.5

67.1

68.0

11.0

1052.4

ND Thresher

59.6

68.5

14.8

66.3

68.9

11.9

999.7

ND Horizon

61.1

73.7

14.6

68.0

67.6

9.5

995.3

ND Stampede

60.7

71.8

14.3

68.0

66.5

12.4

975.4

SY Ingmar

61.3

73.4

14.8

64.7

67.9

12.5

990.5

AP Smith

60.5

71.8

14.5

64.6

67.1

14.9

952.2

Ascend-SD

61.3

83.4

14.4

66.5

67.2

10.8

952.2

WB9590

61.0

72.1

14.5

65.3

66.8

14.0

940.2

SY 611CL2

61.6

68.8

14.4

69.7

66.3

10.2

958.8

Faller

60.5

65.3

13.9

65.5

69.4

11.2

965.4

LCS Cannon

62.4

53.7

14.3

65.2

69.2

12.5

943.9

ND Heron

62.0

68.1

15.1

73.4

65.6

8.7

970.9

MN Rothsay

60.7

58.7

14.2

63.0

68.5

15.4

935.5

LCS Ascent

61.7

40.5

13.7

65.0

67.6

15.6

930.7

TCG-Wildcat

61.5

71.7

14.6

65.5

67.5

10.8

925.0

AP Murdock

60.1

59.9

14.0

65.4

67.3

13.2

927.1

Brawn-SD

62.3

62.2

13.5

63.7

67.8

16.1

899.0

Shelly

61.2

60.7

13.7

62.6

69.1

14.5

902.1

MN Torgy

61.2

65.2

14.5

63.8

67.0

11.8

911.8

ND Roughrider

59.6

72.5

13.7

66.6

67.2

9.4

909.6

SY Valda

60.7

71.8

14.1

64.7

67.9

8.9

919.3

AP Gunsmoke CL2

60.3

66.4

14.8

63.0

66.6

13.4

890.2

MS Charger

60.7

53.6

12.8

65.7

67.7

10.7

896.8

Driver

61.3

61.8

14.1

61.9

68.0

12.3

891.6

Mean

60.8

68.3

14.2

65.4

67.6

12.8

943.4

Variety

WQI Rank8

Test weight - Expressed in pounds (lbs) per bushel. A high test weight is desirable. A 58 lb test weight is required for a grade of US No. 1.

Vitreous kernels - Percentage seeds having a vitreous-colored endosperm, a high percentage is desirable. US No. 1 DNS requires > 75% vitreous kernels. 2

Wheat Protein - Measured by NIR at a 12% moisture basis. A high protein is desirable for baking quality.

Farinograph Absorption - Measured by NIR at a 14% moisture basis. A measure of dough water absorption, expressed as percent. A high absorption is desirable.

5 Flour Extraction - Percentage of milled flour recovered from cleaned and tempered wheat. A high flour extraction percentage is desirable.

Farinograph Stability - A measure of dough strength expressed in minutes above the 500 Brabender unit line during mixing. A high stability is desirable.

Loaf Volume - The volume of the pup loaf of bread, expressed in cubic centimeters. A high volume is desirable.

2025 South Dakota Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results Regional Summaries David Karki | SDSU Extension Agronomist Karl Glover | SDSU Spring Wheat Breeder Christopher Graham | SDSU Extension Agronomist Madalyn Shires | SDSU Extension Plant Pathologist Gazala Ameen | SDSU Small Grains Plant Pathologist Dalitso Yabwalo | SDSU Research Associate Kevin Kirby | Agricultural Research Manager Shawn Hawks | Agricultural Research Manager Christopher Nelson | Agricultural Research Assistant Travis Iverson | Assistant Farm Manager

Eastern trial locations: Brookings, Claire City, Frankfurt, South Shore Central trial locations: Agar, Miller, Mina, Selby Western trial locations: Sturgis, Wall (both abandoned) Individual trial location results can be accessed online at: extension.sdstate.edu/spring-wheat-variety-trial-results SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the nondiscrimination policies of South Dakota State University, the South Dakota Board of Regents and the United States Department of Agriculture. Learn more at extension.sdstate.edu. S-0002-2025-02-SW-Regional-Summaries Page 64

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

2025 South Dakota Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results Variety List Table 1. List of spring wheat varieties tested in 2025 along with origin, agronomic, and grain quality characteristics. Testing and Origin Variety

Years tested in SD Trials

Origin† Year

AP DAGR AP ELEVATE AP ICONIC ASCEND-SD BRAWN-SD CP3055 CP3119A CP3188 CP3555 DRIVER Enhance-SD LCS ASCENT LCS BOOM LCS BUSTER LCS CANNON LCS DUAL LCS Hammer AX LCS TRIGGER MN-Rothsay MN-Torgy MS CHARGER MS COBRA MS NOVA ND Horizon ND Roughrider ND STAMPEDE SURPASS SY VALDA WB9590 Trial Average#

new new new 5+ 5+ 2 new 4 new 5+ 3+ 4 4 5+ 5+ 4 4 5+ 4 3 4 5 2 new new 2 5+ 5+ 5+ -

AP-25 AP-25 AP-25 SD-21 SD-22 WF-24 WF-25 WF-20 WF-25 SD-19 SD-25 LCS-21 LCS-23 LCS-20 LCS-18 LCS-21 LCS-22 LCS-15 MN-21 MN-20 MS-22 MS-22 MS-24 ND-25 ND-25 ND-24 SD-15 AP-15 WB-17 -

Agronomic Characteristics Relative Lodging Heading‡ Height (in.) Score§ (days) 4 31 2 4 30 2 3 33 2 3 35 2 2 32 2 9 33 1 8 33 1 3 32 3 3 31 2 4 33 1 0 33 2 0 31 2 0 30 2 5 33 2 0 31 2 1 32 2 1 31 2 7 32 2 5 29 2 2 31 2 1 31 2 2 30 2 1 30 2 3 31 2 2 32 2 0 32 2 0 31 2 2 30 2 0 29 2 32 1.8

Grain Quality¶ Test Wt. (lb/bu)

Protein (%)

57.5 58.4 57.3 59.6 59.5 54.3 53.8 57.1 57.3 59.2 58.8 59.1 60.0 57.5 60.3 58.4 57.5 59.6 57.8 59.4 57.7 58.3 58.6 58.4 58.2 58.5 57.8 59.1 58.0 58.2

13.5 14.4 14.2 15.1 14.5 13.8 13.5 14.1 14.4 14.6 15.2 14.3 14.9 13.3 14.6 14.4 15.0 13.1 14.7 14.9 13.4 14.9 14.9 14.8 14.8 15.3 15.4 14.6 15.5 14.5

† AP, AgriPro; CAG, Champion Alliance Group; LCS, Limagrain Cereal Seeds; MN, Minnesota; MS, Meridian Seeds; ND, North Dakota; PFS, Peterson Farms Seed; SD,South Dakota, WI, Winfield; WB, WestBred; and – (Year of Release). ‡ Difference in days to heading compared to Surpass (eastern location average) § Lodging score: 1, perfectly standing; to 5, completely flat (2025 eastern and central locations). ¶ Test weight and protein are statewide averages.

December 2025 |

Prairie Grains

Page 65

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2025

2025 South Dakota Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results Disease Rating Table 2. Spring wheat variety disease ratings. Disease Ratings† Variety

2024 Stem Rust

2023 Leaf Rust

2025 Tan Spot

MR MR MS MR R R R R R R MR R MR R R MR R MR

2 3 4 2 4 6 7 5 3 6 2 5 3 5 4 4 3 3

4 5 6 4 5 5 5 9 6 7 6 7 7 5 8 7 8 2 5 4 6 5 5 3 4 5 3 6 7

AP DAGR AP ELEVATE AP ICONIC ASCEND-SD BRAWN-SD CP3055 CP3119A CP3188 CP3555 DRIVER ENHANCE-SD LCS ASCENT LCS BOOM LCS BUSTER LCS CANNON LCS DUAL LCS HAMMER AX LCS TRIGGER MN-ROTHSAY MN-TORGY MS CHARGER MS COBRA MS NOVA ND Horizon ND Roughrider ND STAMPEDE SURPASS SY VALDA WB9590

2023-2025 Bacterial Leaf Streak 3 3 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 4 7 2 4 3 5 4 4 3 4 5 6

2023-2025 Fusarium Head Blight 3 4 6 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 3 4 3 5 6 5 3 4 5 7

† Disease ratings: R, resistant; MR, moderately resistant; MS, moderately susceptible; S, susceptible; or 1, most resistant to 9, most susceptible. Note: SDSU does not perform nursery screenings for all listed pathogens in each growing season. ‡ A dash (-) signifies no rating provided/available. § Parenthesis denote estimated ratings/rankings (X) based on externally-provided information.

Page 66

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South

2025 South Dakota Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results Eastern Summary Table 3. 2025 spring wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in eastern South Dakota. Varieties yielding in the top 1/3 of the trial are bold and shaded light blue. Variety LCS TRIGGER ASCEND-SD Enhance-SD MN-Torgy SY VALDA LCS BUSTER MS CHARGER BRAWN-SD LCS ASCENT LCS BOOM DRIVER LCS CANNON MN-Rothsay SURPASS MS COBRA WB9590 CP3188 LCS DUAL LCS Hammer AX CP3055 MS NOVA ND STAMPEDE AP DAGR AP ELEVATE AP ICONIC CP3119A CP3555 ND Horizon ND Roughrider Trial Average# LSD (0.05)† C.V. %‡

2023 Yield (bu/a) 58.1 52.4 52.9 57.1 56.3 57.8 54.0 54.5 52.3 53.0 53.3 51.7 51.7 49.0 50.0 49.0 49.4 55.0 51.1 52.3 3 8.4

2024 Yield (bu/a) 59.8 62.3 56.1 54.3 56.5 50.2 54.3 58.6 51.8 51 49.2 47.1 48.6 53.9 50.3 48.3 49.8 39.8 38.9 46.4 48.2 49.7 3.9 7.9

2025 2-year 3-year Yield Test Wt Protein Yield Test Wt Protein Yield Test Wt Protein (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % 65.4 59.0 13.1 62.6 59.4 13.1 61.4 58.0 13.4 65.5 59.0 15.5 63.9 60.6 15.1 59.6 58.0 15.2 63.5 57.7 15.7 59.8 56.9 15.1 57.8 57.3 15.6 59.7 58.6 15.2 57.0 56.4 15.2 57.6 58.2 15.4 59.0 58.6 14.9 57.8 57.6 14.9 57.5 57.7 14.9 59.1 56.3 13.2 54.6 53.2 13.3 56.8 55.7 13.5 59.0 56.6 13.9 56.6 55.5 13.9 56.1 56.5 14.0 55.6 58.2 14.8 57.1 58.4 14.5 55.9 58.4 14.5 58.3 58.2 14.4 55.0 55.0 14.3 54.6 57.7 14.7 58.0 59.6 15.0 54.5 55.3 15.0 54.6 59.0 15.5 56.5 58.3 14.9 52.8 53.7 14.7 53.7 57.4 14.9 58.6 59.8 14.9 52.8 53.5 15.0 53.5 59.0 15.3 57.7 56.5 14.8 53.2 52.6 14.5 53.5 56.5 14.9 54.3 56.7 15.6 54.1 55.3 14.9 52.2 57.0 15.7 54.3 57.3 15.1 52.3 53.8 14.9 51.8 56.5 15.4 56.0 56.6 16.0 52.2 52.4 15.3 51.7 56.1 16.1 52.9 55.7 14.4 51.3 52.7 14.0 50.9 55.3 14.2 51.9 57.2 14.8 45.8 48.5 14.6 50.7 56.4 14.8 53.4 55.3 15.5 46.2 47.1 14.9 49.6 54.9 15.2 51.0 53.1 14.3 48.7 49.8 14.0 54.3 57.4 15.2 51.2 52.8 15.0 50.0 50.8 14.0 56.0 54.5 15.0 53.0 55.7 13.8 54.7 52.0 14.7 55.6 55.2 14.1 46.9 52.9 14.5 56.3 56.1 14.6 63.7 57.4 15.1 62.1 57.2 15.4 58.3 57.5 14.9 55.5 55.5 14.8 54.3 56.9 15.0 7.2 2.0 0.6 8.2 2.5 0.8 7.1 1.9 0.7 6.2 2.0 3.1 6.5 2.1 2.9 7.3 1.8 3.0

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SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South

2025 South Dakota Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results Central Summary Table 4. 2025 spring wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in central South Dakota. Varieties yielding in the top 1/3 of the trial are bold and shaded light blue. Variety LCS TRIGGER BRAWN-SD SY VALDA MN-Torgy ASCEND-SD MS CHARGER DRIVER LCS BUSTER Enhance-SD LCS ASCENT CP3188 MN-Rothsay LCS CANNON LCS DUAL LCS BOOM MS COBRA LCS Hammer AX WB9590 SURPASS CP3055 MS NOVA ND STAMPEDE AP Dagr AP Elevate AP Iconic CP3119A CP3555 ND Horizon ND Roughrider Trial Average# LSD (0.05)† C.V. %‡

2023 Yield (bu/a) 73.7 67.6 69.2 70.8 67.5 66.7 69.1 72.4 64.9 64.8 67.3 68.2 62.7 65.6 60.5 64.5 64.8 61.0 60.0 65.3 3.0 6.6

2024 Yield (bu/a) 55.4 58.5 58.2 56.3 58.9 56.1 54.1 49.0 54.4 51.6 49.7 50.3 49.8 48.8 52.9 50.0 45.8 47.4 56.1 43.4 50.6 54.2 50.1 2.9 8.3

2025 2-year 3-year Yield Test Wt Protein Yield Test Wt Protein Yield Test Wt Protein (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % 69.6 60.2 13.1 62.5 58.1 13.1 66.2 58.7 13.0 67.3 60.8 14.1 62.9 59.0 14.1 64.5 59.4 14.1 64.4 59.6 14.3 61.3 58.0 14.3 64.0 58.2 14.4 64.5 60.2 14.6 60.4 58.6 14.8 63.9 58.8 14.7 65.3 60.2 14.8 62.1 58.8 14.8 63.9 58.9 14.9 65.8 58.7 12.9 61.0 57.0 13.0 62.9 57.5 13.2 65.2 60.0 14.3 59.7 58.0 14.4 62.8 58.4 14.5 66.8 58.8 13.4 57.9 56.1 13.5 62.7 56.5 13.3 66.3 59.9 14.8 60.3 58.0 14.9 61.8 58.2 15.1 66.6 60.1 14.1 59.1 58.0 14.2 61.0 58.3 14.4 64.1 58.5 13.9 56.9 55.8 13.8 60.4 56.4 13.7 60.9 59.1 14.6 55.6 57.2 14.8 59.8 57.8 14.8 66.2 60.8 14.3 58.0 58.9 14.7 59.6 59.3 14.9 64.2 59.6 13.9 56.5 57.3 14.2 59.4 57.9 14.3 62.8 60.5 14.7 57.9 59.2 14.9 58.7 59.4 15.1 60.8 59.3 14.6 55.4 57.1 14.8 58.5 57.6 14.8 64.6 59.6 14.4 55.2 56.3 14.6 58.4 56.9 14.7 65.2 59.4 15.0 56.3 56.8 15.3 57.8 57.2 15.7 56.0 58.8 15.1 56.1 57.4 15.0 57.4 57.7 15.2 64.1 55.4 13.3 53.8 52.4 13.8 56.5 52.9 13.8 62.5 59.7 14.7 56.6 58.0 14.9 59.3 58.4 15.0 69.6 59.2 14.8 61.9 57.3 14.7 57.8 14.6 63.7 68.4 59.3 13.9 66.7 59.5 14.3 68.3 59.7 14.2 62.6 54.7 12.8 58.4 14.2 62.7 59.4 14.5 67.6 59.1 14.1 70.7 64.7 59.6 14.4 60.2 57.0 14.7 60.1 57.7 14.6 5.7 0.9 0.6 6.1 1.2 0.6 5.7 1.1 0.6 7.4 1.2 4.4 7.6 1.5 3.3 7.4 1.3 4.1

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SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South

2025 South Dakota Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results Western Summary Table 5. 2025 spring wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in western South Dakota.Varieties yielding in the top 1/3 of the trial are bold and shaded light blue. Variety LCS BOOM BRAWN-SD MS CHARGER ASCEND-SD MN-TORGY MS COBRA LCS BUSTER MN-ROTHSAY SY VALDA WB9590 LCS ASCENT CP3188 DRIVER SURPASS LCS CANNON LCS TRIGGER LCS HAMMER AX LCS DUAL CP3055 MS NOVA ND STAMPEDE Trial Average# LSD (0.05)† C.V. %‡

2023 Yield (bu/a) 65.4 61.3 64.6 61.6 64.3 62.3 65.0 64.8 60.5 58.2 57.0 53.9 58.9 57.3 56.6 61.2 54.4 50.5 57.1 5.3 9.6

2024 Yield (bu/a) 39.0 39.5 36.1 38.9 35.4 36.2 33.4 33.1 37.3 36.6 37.3 39.8 34.6 36.0 36.6 31.9 37.4 33.6 33.7 36.4 40.4 35.9 2.8 8.0

2025 2-year 3-year Yield Test Wt Protein Yield Test Wt Protein Yield Test Wt Protein (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % data not available 52.2 58.6 15.6 date not available 50.4 58.2 15.6 50.4 57.1 15.0 50.2 57.4 15.9 49.9 56.6 15.7 49.3 57.2 16.0 49.2 53.5 14.9 48.9 56.7 15.6 48.9 56.5 15.8 47.4 57.1 15.7 47.2 57.7 15.3 46.9 55.2 15.1 46.8 56.2 15.3 46.6 56.6 15.9 46.6 58.4 15.6 46.5 55.3 15.3 45.9 56.1 15.3 42.0 56.7 15.2 46.8 56.4 15.7 2.9 0.8 0.5 8.9 -

# Trial averages may include values from experimental lines that are not reported. † Value required (≥LSD) to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another. ‡ C.V. is a measure of variability or experimental error, 15% or less is considered acceptable. § Due to weather conditions western locations were abandoned in 2025; 2-year data presented here is the average of years 2023 and 2024.

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Limagrain Cereal Seeds 2025 Spring Wheat Data and Portfolio Review Zach Thibault- LCS Regional Commercial Manager

LCS Ascent: This variety isn’t just about good looks – thought it does stand tall with striking color and impressive wheat heads. LCS Ascent brings high-end yield along ith stable protein without needing to pour in the extra inputs. Combined with a solid disease package, LCS Ascent provides both visual appeal and excellent results come harvest time. LCS Boom: For those eager to kick off harvest early, LCS Boom is the perfect choice. Building off the success of LCS Cannon, this variety is designed for early maturity. LCS Boom takes it a step further, offering increased protein, heavy test weight, enhanced tolerance to BLS and desirable end-use quality, making it a superior option for your operation. LCS Hammer AX: If you’re looking for a spring wheat variety that carries an extra punch, LCS Hammer AX is it. Carrying the CoAXium trait, LCS Hammer AX provides farmers with an extra tool in their pocket. Combined with great yield across multiple growing regions, LCS Hammer AX allows farmers to keep their grassy weeds under control, without sacrificing too much on the performance front. LCS Rimfire: LCS Rimfire is a new hard red spring wheat from LCS. It delivered high protein and consistent top yield results. Demonstrating high test weights and strong straw strength, this variety is ready for action across the Northern Plains. Dial in on your yield goals and nail your target with LCS Rimfire. LCS Trigger: LCS Trigger a powerhouse with a history of blockbuster yields. With a robust disease package and great adaptability, it remains a reliable option year after year for those chasing top-end yield across their farm.

PLAY BY THE RULES.

Don’t risk a flag on your field. Ignoring the rules can cost you big. Stewardship isn’t just good practice — it’s the game plan to protect your yields and preserve the power of CoAXium for seasons to come. Chasing short-term gains is a losing strategy. Follow the CoAXium rules to stay in the game: Plant certified seed Spray only with labeled rates of Aggressor AX Rotate crops and herbicide modes of action Cut down the weed seed bank. Prevent resistance. Protect the CoAXium system.

When you break the rules, we all lose. Visit ProtectCoAXium.com

Driven by Aggressor® Herbicides and Aggressor® are trademarks of Albaugh, LLC. Refer to the Aggressor® AX product label for complete directions and instructions. Aggressor® AX EPA Reg. No. 45002-51 AD120222N

Conventional Spring Wheat Yield Performance

Variety

2025 Avg. Yield

Crooktosn, Glyndon, MN MN

Berthold, ND

Carrington, ND

LCS Ascent

87.52

92.8

85.7

60.3

87.7

111.1

14.4%

LCS Boom

82.48

99.2

83.7

58.6

76.2

94.7

15.0%

LCS Hammer AX

80.66

75.8

86.3

54.2

94.9

92.1

14.5%

LCS Rimfire

89.62

101.4

94.7

91.1

101.9

15.0%

LCS Trigger

96.1

101.7

88.4

65.1

100.9

124.4

12.8%

AP Murdock

84.9

91.5

81.5

58.4

101

92.1

15.1%

MN Rothsay

91.26

102.3

88.3

50.7

88.1

126.9

14.6%

ND Stampede

95.9

108.6

100.5

63.3

85.1

122

15.3%

MS Charger

80.58

82.2

85.5

72.7

86.8

75.7

13.4%

SY Valda

81.58

79.6

60.2

90.8

102.3

14.6%

WB9590

86.3

88.2

60.5

86.9

104.9

15.4%

Driver

61.3

61.8

14.1

61.9

68.0

12.3

891.6

Mean

60.8

68.3

14.2

65.4

67.6

12.8

943.4

Hoople, ND Protein Avg.

December 2025 |

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Page 72

Prairie Grains

| December 2025

406.404.4911

Become a MAWG member today! Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers

Watch visions come to fruition with the Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers. While farmers farm, MAWG is in St. Paul and Washington, D.C., protecting producers from harmful policies and advocating for farm-friendly legislation. Because checkoff dollars cannot be used for advocacy, MAWG depends on our members’ support to ensure that Minnesota wheat growers have a voice at the legislative table. Join the wheat family today – become a MAWG member!

December 2025 |

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21st Century Genetics (TCG) Hard Red Spring Wheat (HRS) trials in 2025 2025 was another very good year for many producers. Yields were excellent in many areas and protein was mostly adequate and often carried a protein premium. For TCG growers in 2025, the Minneapolis price per bushel has been more of a challenge than Varietal Performance. Tight margins make varietal selection all that much more important. The tables we’ve included focus on our top 2 varieties, TCG-Wildcat and TCG-Zelda. The data is yield and protein from all the public and private trials we have participated in from 2022-2025. The comparisons are with the top 3 varieties by acreage in North Dakota and Minnesota. Our performance across many environments is strong. When you factor in other characteristics like lodging, BLS tolerance, Falling Number scores, Dry down, etc. these 2 varieties have a fit on all productive acres in ND and MN. We have three other varieties available that are also described below. These varieties have their own niche in producers planting plans. Our recommendation is to work with us and our Associates on placing these varieties with unique strengths on your appropriate acres. TCG-Wildcat continued to perform well, and was a top yielder for many of our customers. It is also our highest protein variety which has more recently earned a premium. A cross between Mayville and Linkert, the variety combines many of the strengths of both. While the parents were mostly successful in Northeastern ND and Northwest MN, TCG-Wildcat has performed into Western ND and Central MN. Growers also love the standability and easy harvestability. TCG-Wildcat has proven to be a great option in any farms lineup. TCG-Zelda continued to deliver in virtually every environment. For the second year we heard many reports of growers seeing the highest yields they could remember in their TCG-Zelda production. The variety performs well in trials, but really shines in commercial production. We attribute this to high yield potential with great standability. The high yield does not come at the price of low protein, as the variety tends to run around 14%. For 2026 planning, TCG-Zelda can be confidently placed on your highest yielding fields, and pairs great with TCG-Wildcat. TCG-Badlands had another great year in 2026. We’ve placed it, as the name suggests, on your weaker ground. One of the only “defensive” wheat varieties on the market, we mean defensive in terms of tolerating alkali and poorly drained soils. It is a suitable replacement for Barley and grows where many other wheat varieties won’t. For a good rule of thumb, if your soybeans have IDC issues in a field, TCG-Badlands is a great candidate to put into the rotation. TCG-Teddy is our shortest and strongest standing wheat. In 2025 we observed 2 locations where TCG-Teddy was the only variety standing. Probably more of a niche variety, TCG-Teddy fits into cropping systems where straw structure and residue management are important for no-till production strategies. TCG-Arsenal is our newest variety, and is an outstanding performer in the later maturing wheat class. It has the highest yield potential in our lineup, when Mother Nature favors late maturity. The protein averages 1% less than TCG-Zelda, so that is a limitation for TCG-Arsenal. New data in 2025 is indicating the variety will be better suited for SW North Dakota moving into South Dakota. Limited supply is available in 2026. We definitely feel we have options for any field going into 2026. We also have a great network of Associates, the most professional in the industry. We hope you reach out to them, and us, as we can provide more information, data, and support before making your 2026 planting decisions.

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TCG-Zelda compared to top 3 Varieties grown in Minnesota 2023-2025

TCG-Wildcat compared to top 3 Varieties grown in Minnesota 2022-2025

Avg Bu/Acre

Avg Protein

Avg Bu/Acre

Avg Protein

32 loc

27 loc

46 loc

27 loc

TCG-Zelda

90.9

14.3

MN-Rothsay

90.6

14.4

MN-Rothsay

90.8

14.4

SY Valda

89.5

13.9

SY Valda

89.7

13.9

WB9590

88.6

14.5

WB9590

89.1

14.5

TCG-Wildcat

88.4

14.7

TCG-Zelda compared to top 3 Varieties grown in North Dakota 2023-2025

TCG-Wildcat compared to top 3 Varieties grown in North Dakota 2023-2025

Avg Bu/Acre

Avg Protein

Avg Bu/Acre

Avg Protein

26 loc

27 loc

41 loc

27 loc

SY Valda

73.8

13.9

73.2

14.7

TCG-Wildcat

TCG-Zelda

72.2

14.3

SY Valda

72.7

13.9

AP Murdock

71.7

14.2

AP Murdock

70.2

14.2

WB9590

70.8

14.5

WB9590

69.5

14.5

HARD RED SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES TCG-WILDCAT

TCG-ZELDA

TCG-BADLANDS

WIDELY ADAPTED YIELDER

THE BIN BUSTER

BIG YIELD ON BAD GROUND

TCG-Wildcat is a widely adapted, easy threshing, medium height, medium early maturing variety, with a great combination of yield, standability, high protein, and test weight. TCG-Wildcat has good tolerance to preharvest sprouting, preserving high falling numbers, and a good coping reaction to BLS.

TCG-Zelda is a short, early maturing variety with top end yield potential. Protein and TW are good. Standability is excellent. It has done especially well in high yielding environments. If you are looking for a high yielding, high protein variety, you need tolook at TCG-Zelda.

TCG-Badlands is a medium tall, medium maturing variety. It comes with good standability, drydown, and good yield potential on your difficult fields such as water impacted alkali ground. It also excels on your productive acres, and higher yield environments as well. Protein and TW are medium.

CSO

US Patent; PVPA 1994

Patent Application Pending

TCG-TEDDY

TCG-HEARTLAND

TOP END YIELDER IN LATER MATURITY CLASS

OUTSTANDING STANDABILITY

EARLY WITH TOP QUALITY

TCG– Arsenal is our newest release to the lineup. It offers exceptional top end yield in its later maturity class, along with good standabilty, adequate protein, and quicker dry down. When it comes to a high yielding, later season wheat class TCG– Arsenal is sure to perform on your acres.

TCG-Teddy is a short, medium maturity variety with exceptional standability, excellent yield potential, and high protein and average TW. Teddy is tolerant to preharvest sprouting, preserving high falling numbers. It also has good tolerance to BLS. Performs best at higher planting populations.

TCG-Heartland is an early maturing short variety with excellent standability, excellent yield potential, and very high protein and high TW. Performs best on medium textured well drained soils. It is tolerant to preharvest sprouting (PHS), preserving falling numbers.

CSO

Patent Application Pending

NEW: TCG-ARSENAL

CERTIFIED SEED ONLY (CSO) Varieties are patented and grain produced from certified seed and cannot be saved and replanted.

Visit our website TCGWHEAT.COM

GET IN TOUCH

December 2025 |

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ACROSS THE PRAIRIE By Prairie Grains Magazine staff

MN Wheat mourns loss of former board president In September, the Minnesota Wheat family mourned the loss of a tremendous leader, friend and farmer. Gary Anderson, of Grygla, served as president of the Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers from 20202021 and was an active board member for six years. A staunch advocate for not only the wheat industry, but the entirety of agriculture, Anderson led the organization with a steady hand, earning the respect of his peers. Anderson’s generous commitment to serving his community extended beyond agriculture. He served on the Grygla school board for 18 years and the Minnesota School Board Association for five years. Active in Jaycees/ Lions, he was also a member of the Farmers Union Oil Company board for 18 years. In 1984, Anderson was honored as Minnesota’s Outstanding Young Farmer and named Marshall County King Agassiz for 1984-1985. Anderson earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry at Bemidji Statue University before pursuing his master’s degree in plant physiology from the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. He began his post-education

Past MAWG President Gary Anderson died Sept. 21, 2025, at the age of 73.

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career in agronomy labs at the University of Illinois and North Dakota State University before returning to the farm where he dedicated 47 years. During his MAWG presidency Anderson helped secure several legislative successes, including emergency relief for producers and infrastructure investments. In late 2020, under his guidance, MAWG helped successfully advocate for Section 179 Conformity, which brought Minnesota farmers and businesses up to $200 million in tax relief. “I was proud that I made it work,” Anderson told Prairie Grains in 2022 of his tenure as MAWG president. “It was an experience I’ll never forget.” The agriculture industry – especially Minnesota’s wheat industry – is stronger with people like Gary Anderson in its corner. His smiling face and genial personality will be deeply missed. NAWG appoints its next CEO The National Association of Wheat Growers selected Sam Kieffer as its next chief executive officer. Kieffer, who started his position Nov. 1, brings more than 20 years of experience in agricultural leadership and farm policy to the role. “I’m honored to join NAWG at such a pivotal time for wheat growers across the country,” Kieffer said. “Having grown up on a farm, it has been a privilege to dedicate my career to serving farmers and I’m proud to champion their cause in this new role. I look forward to working alongside NAWG’s dedicated members, board and staff to tackle challenges and ensure a bright future for farm families and rural America.” Kieffer most recently served as vice president of public policy at the American Farm Bureau Federation, where he led policy advocacy and economic analysis for the nation’s largest general farm organization. In that role, he oversaw strategic advocacy initiatives impacting federal legislation and regulatory frameworks across the agriculture sector. Prior to that, he held several key leadership positions at the Pennsylvania Farm Bureau, working with farmers at the state and local level. A Pennsylvania native, Kieffer grew up on his family’s

grain and beef cattle farm and proudly served as an officer in the United States Army and Pennsylvania Army National Guard. He holds a bachelor’s degree in political science from Dickinson College, a master’s degree in public administration from Widener University and an MBA from Delaware Valley University. “Sam brings a wealth of experience and a deep understanding of both the policy landscape and the needs of wheat growers,” NAWG President Pat Clements said. “We’re excited to welcome him as CEO and are confident farmers will be well served by his thoughtful leadership and strong voice in Washington, D.C., and beyond. We’re grateful to Eric Steiner for his service as our interim CEO.” ND 2025 grain storage & facility rebuilder program application deadline approaching On July 1, 2025, North Dakota Governor Kelly Armstrong announced a program to help agricultural producers quickly replace infrastructure, such as grain storage, lost in severe storms that occurred on June 20-21 and spawned over a dozen tornadoes and intense straight-line winds. The program provides two options: temporary storage support and facility repair and replacement assistance. The program application period closes on Dec. 31, 2025.

Program 1: Temporary Grain Storage Support: Financing is available for temporary storage solutions and related supplies for the 2025 crop. Examples of eligible storage solutions include but are not limited to: • Baggers and extractors • Hopper bins • Rental grain facilities Program 2: Ag Facility Repair & Replacement: Financing is available for the repair or reconstruction of grain storage systems and other critical agricultural structures. Examples of eligible facilities include but are not limited to: • Flat bottom bins, hopper bins, grain legs, augers, grain dryers • Hoop barns, calving barns, feed barns, milk parlors • Machine shops, storage sheds • Irrigation pivots For more information, visit https://bnd.nd.gov/gsfr/.

December 2025 |

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by Sydney Harris

A strong foundation

Prairie Grains region well represented in annual Yield Contest Wheat producers across the U.S. are second to none. The National Wheat Yield Contest, hosted by the National Wheat Foundation (NWF), emphasizes the innovative techniques growers implement to improve wheat productivity on their farms. The winners of the 2025 National Wheat Yield Contest were announced during NWF’s annual meeting Nov. 5 in Austin, Texas. Celebrating the 10-year anniversary of the contest with 465 entries, the contest aims to improve the productivity, quality and marketability of the U.S.

Winter Wheat – Dryland Bin Buster – Steve Vangrunsven, Ore. 1st – Jerry and Daniel Mullen, Ore. 2nd – Garrett Warren, Wash. 3rd – Erik Olson, Idaho 4th – Steve Wilkens, Wis. 5th – Blake Anthis, Ind.

Spring Wheat – Dryland Bin Buster – Nick Pfaff, N.D. 1st – Brent Philipp, Minn. 2nd – Karissa Berg, N.D. 3rd – Robert Holzwarth, S.D.

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wheat crop while fostering education and collaboration across all segments of the industry. “We are pleased to see winners from new states such as Wisconsin and Indiana as well as the traditional large wheat states like my home state – Montana,” NWF Chairman Gary Broyles said. “Congratulations to everyone who entered and completed the contest. It takes extra work and time, but it pays off in what is learned and then applied to raise productivity on our entire farm’s wheat acres.”

Winter Wheat – Irrigated

Bin Buster – Rylee Reynolds, I.D. 1st – Oree Reynolds, I.D. 2nd – Nick Suwyn, Mich.

Spring Wheat – Irrigated Bin Buster – Derek Friehe, Wash. 1st – Dallin Wilcox, Idaho 2nd – Jess Blatchford, Ore.

ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Not all products are registered for use in all states and may be subject to use restrictions. The distribution, sale, or use of an unregistered pesticide is a violation of federal and/or state law and is strictly prohibited. Check with your local dealer or representative for the product registration status in your state. Bayer, Bayer Cross are Huskie FX registered trademarks of Bayer Group. For additional product information call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) or visit our website at www.BayerCropScience.us. Bayer CropScience LP, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63167. ©2025 Bayer Group. All rights reserved. ®

December 2025 |

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New for 2026 HARD RED SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES For more than 40 years, the AgriPro® brand has been delivering the wheat genetics you need to be successful from field-to-field and year-over-year.

AP Iconic

Next-Gen Yield Leader

AP Dagr

Top-End Yield Potential Syngenta trial data is available at AgriProWheat.com

Call your local AgriPro Associate today. A list of AgriPro Associates is available at AgriProWheat.com.

©2025 Syngenta. All photos are either the property of Syngenta or are used with permission. Some or all of the varieties may be protected under one or more of the following: Plant Variety Protection, United States Plant Patents and/or Utility Patents and may not be propagated or reproduced without authorization. AgriPro®, the Alliance Frame, the Purpose Icon and the Syngenta logo are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. 11-25

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