Portfolio 2019

PORTFOLIO MARÍA DE LA LUZ LOBOS MARTÍNEZ

PROJECTS’ INDEX 2011-2019

ARCHITECTURE

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Ski center expansion 2011

Page 3

Ecological stitch at top of “Dos gemelos” hill 2016

Page 21

Affordable Housing Typology 2012

Page 5

Risk or resource?

Reframing the relationship with the sea 2017

Exploitation of natural resources versus protected landscape 2014 Page 46

Page 36

Page 29

Los Batros wetland mitigation 2017

Rediscovering the vernacular sismorresistant knowledge 2015 - 2016 Page 47

Page 40

North Adams Master Plan and Park of experiences

Environmental education and ecotourism center 2014

Page 45

Fairmount to Mattapan Greenway 2018

Toward cooperative ground 2018

Vallenar’s Master Plan and Public Library 2012

Vernacular Architecture of Choapa Valley 2013

Design with disturbance 2018 - 2019

Page 33

Page 25

Page 7

RESEARCH

Brisas de Junquillar development 2017

2018 Page 11

Page 31

Page 42 * Project’s location images

ARCHITECTURE Undergraduate design projects

SKI CENTER EXPANSION SHELTER’S NEW SKIN

Type: Academic project Location: Puerto de Navacerrada, Cercedilla, Spain Undergraduate level: Third year Year: 2011

This project consists of the expansion of an old building designed by Coderch, through repairing and reinforcing the structure and adding a new metal skeleton to implement new rooms and terraces to observe the landscape.

It has a double skin inspired in the geometries of the mountain, which allows facing the wind, snow, and other climatic factors of the place. During summer is covered by a local bush named Piorno and during winter the building melts the snow and reflects the surroundings on its façade.

0

25

200m

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE -3-

SKI CENTER EXPANSION SHELTER’S NEW SKIN

0

2

10m

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE -4-

HOUSING COMPLEX TYPOLOGY ECONOMIC DWELLINGS

Type: Academic project Location: Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Santiago, Chile Undergraduate level: Fourth year Year: 2012

The border of Pedro Aguirre Cerda neighborhood is an urban renewal zone. The project proposes a master plan to promote densification but maintains the human scale of the place. One of the strategies is implementing small dwelling complex for the original inhabitants avoiding their displacement.

A property fusion is proposed to settle the project and create a housing community. Each house starts from a basic module of 9.3x5.14m that can growth responding to particular everyday necessities. The dwellings are organized around a shared garden, and each of the four facades is different, responding to light and privacy conditions.

Pedro Aguirre Cerda’s Master Plan

0

Housing Complex Plan

200m

0

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE -5-

15m

Heights diagram

One floor

Two floors

Three floors

HOUSING COMPLEX TYPOLOGY ECONOMIC DWELLINGS

External west façade

Inner west façade

Section A-A’

A

A’

-0.71

First Floor Plan 0

5

15m

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE -6-

0

0

5

5

15m

15m

VALLENAR’S MASTER PLAN

*Target images made by the team

IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVATING BORDERS

Type: Academic project Location: Vallenar, III region, Chile Undergraduate level: Fourth year Year: 2012 Team: Araya, Lobos, Qiu, VillagrĂĄn

Vallenar is a city that needs to be decentralized and to include more and better connections within its plateaus. The Huasco River is the main component of the city, for that reason, new centralities with public infrastructure are proposed on parks that are oriented to the watercourse.

Inside each one of these additions, there is new public infrastructure, which will activate new zones of urban growth.

A new system of public mobility is designed, featuring funiculars, walkways, and an improved bus route system, which goes through plateaus, improving north-south mobility within the city, which is very limited today.

Considering the scarcity of water due to climate conditions in this area, the master plan features a hydric efficiency system. Fog catchers are placed on slopes, and greywater treatment facilities are installed on several plains, harvesting and reusing water, and developing a new image for the city through sustainable landscaping.

Structural road Pedestrian walk + bike path Elevator Fog-catchers Activating borders Activating programs Equipment

0

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE -7-

250

1000m

VALLENAR’S MUNICIPAL LIBRARY

PUBLIC AND SUSTAINABLE SERVICES

Greywater

Type: Academic project Location: Vallenar, III region, Chile Undergraduate level: Fourth year Year: 2012

Permeability

Recycled water

The project’s primary focus consists of the creation of a meeting point, akin to the scale of Vallenar, hoping to become a landmark of training and knowledge in the city and a point of activation to its surroundings, through the creation of green areas in site.

A library holds all types of information. It is not just a site, but a learning experience, an affirmation that is emphasized through the flexibility of the building and its ability to adapt to future uses.

The building is placed acknowledging different scales of access and the new transportation system proposed in the master plan. According to this, a new park grid is designed based on the funicular’s paths and the existing streets.

Lastly, the library is a water recycling point. The entrance’s water mirror is supplied by treated greywaters, which is then used to water the park.

Air

Temperature regulation

Ventilation and sun protection

Greywater treatment system

Schematic Location Plan 0

50

Grease filter

150m

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE -8-

Biological treatment

UVA Clean water Sterilization deposit

VALLENAR’S MUNICIPAL LIBRARY

PUBLIC AND SUSTAINABLE SERVICES

North façade

West façade

Longitudinal-section

Cross-section

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE -9-

ARCHITECTURE Professional degree project

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ECOTOURISM CENTER DESIGN AND EVOLUTION STRATEGY FROM A SITE OFFICE CAMP

Landmarks

Development areas Arenas’ valley Morado’s estuary Morado’s lagoon Zoning Cushioning of the estuary Lagoons

Type: Academic project Location: Cajón del Morado, San José de Maipo, Metropolitan Region, Chile Undergraduate level: Sixth year Year: 2014

Rock fall Glaciers

L5

Special use Productive activities Mountain conservation Cultural protection Recreational use Recovery area Intensive use

¿Can architecture collaborates to the resolution of socio-environmental conflicts? This project tries to address this question through the creation of a proposal that works as a mitigation of one of the site work camps for Alto Maipo Hydroelectric Plant, located in Cajón del Morado, a valley of 6300 hectares.

The project has two scales, Landscape and Architecture. The first one corresponds to territorial guidelines design, to compose a park in the area situated next to the building.

The park’s design is a response to the lack of regulations and territorial planning in the area, which will be affected by the future implementation of Alto Maipo. The mentioned guidelines serve as an action plan with the objective of increasing the number of visitors without deteriorating the place. For that, new poles of controlled intensive use are placed in strategic locations, while the rest of the land is protected and preserved.

Erosion protection Estuary Program

L4

Access Camping area Rock climbing spot Vegetation observation path

3

L5

“Tambo” (Rest place) Path signs Camping area 2

L4

Mountain shelter Implementation of footpath

L3

Roads and trails Dirt road to Motor vehicles Separate parallel paths for bicycles and pedestrians

L2

Footpath L3

2

L2

L1

E

1

L1 0

30

300m

Design strategies

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ECOTOURISM CENTER

Consideration of risk factors and direction of mountain flows.

DESIGN AND EVOLUTION STRATEGY FROM A SITE OFFICE CAMP

Type: Academic project Location: Valle del Arenas, San JosĂŠ de Maipo, Metropolitan Region, Chile Undergraduate level: Sixth year Year: 2014

Orientation considering sun trajectory.

The second scale is a building with the ability to transform through time.

The building’s first stage is a site office camp that integrates itself into the local landscape. The project responds to the living conditions the workers need while keeping an environmental responsibility, minimizing the impact on the land. The second stage consists of an educational ecotourism infrastructure pole, which acts as an environmental monitoring station and teaches visitors how to preserve this natural landmark.

Adaptation to prevailing winds.

Orientation of volumes to relevant views of the environment.

Self-handling facilities.

Location plan 0

Location-section diagram

15

45m

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ECOTOURISM CENTER DESIGN AND EVOLUTION STRATEGY FROM A SITE OFFICE CAMP

Second level (First stage) Site work camp 0

ARCHITECTURAL DEGREE - 13 -

10

30m

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ECOTOURISM CENTER DESIGN AND EVOLUTION STRATEGY FROM A SITE OFFICE CAMP

First level (Second stage) Environmental education center 0

BACHELOR ARCHITECTURAL IN ARCHITECTURE DEGREE - 14 -

10

30m

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ECOTOURISM CENTER

Metal structure detail

Water recycling system

DESIGN AND EVOLUTION STRATEGY FROM A SITE OFFICE CAMP

Melted snow captation

Return of filtered water

Collection and separation of greywater and blackwater

Filter

To assure a quick assembly of the construction and decrease constructive process wastes as much as possible, the building is made with precast materials. The project is composed of a series of large habitable reticulated beams, a structure that touches the ground in only a few areas. This allows separating inner space from structure, giving flexibility to the project and facilitating the transformation process from one stage to the other: though a system of removable interior partitions.

Underground, within the foundations, is the building’s heart. There are a gray-water and black-water treatment plants, a cogeneration of energy CHP system, and a geothermal heating system, which allow the construction work with autonomy.

Irrigation to land

Access wooden structure

Energy eficiency Summer 22°C max.

Winter -2°C min.

-10m Geothermal uniformity: 14°C

Cold-heat pump

ARCHITECTURAL DEGREE - 15 -

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Graduate design projects

PLANT SPECIES RECOGNITION CHILEAN NATIVE SPECIES SKETCHES

Type: Academic task Graduate level: First semester Diploma course Year: 2016

Prosopis chilensis

Araucaria araucana

Cryptocaria alba

Cryptocaria alba

Araucaria araucana

DIPLOMA IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN - 20 -

ECOLOGICAL STITCH TOP OF “DOS GEMELOS” HILL RESTORATION

Type: Academic project Location: Metropolitan Park, Santiago, Chile Graduate level: First semester Diploma course Year: 2016

“Dos Gemelos” Hill is part of the Metropolitan Park of Santiago: one of the biggest “island hills” of the city. To reactivate the area, where an amphitheater exists, this project proposed a new route to the top. This new path includes an interpretative circuit and three squares with scenic overlooks. Besides, this area was disrupted by the construction of a street: a road that separates the top of the hill ecosystem from the surrounding bio-network.

Therefore, the project appears as an ecological stitch. It looks to use the resilience patterns from the area, by planting native species around minor estuaries. By monitoring the growth of those plants, the project seeks to reactive the ecological succession process.

Multipurpose Square

General walkway plan 0

Route situations

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE

10

100m

ECOLOGICAL STITCH TOP OF “DOS GEMELOS” HILL RESTORATION

In addition, every square has its identity. All of those squares are multipurpose, but each has a particular perception more developed. Thus, the project includes a listening, a smelling, and a touching square, using different kinds of vegetation and textures to emphasize each of those senses. This strategy also contributes to educating visitors about our native species, as different types of plants are available during the road.

LEYEND Tara

Maravilla del campo

Huingán

Tabaco del diablo

Prexistent hawthorn

Salvia blanca Chagual Chupalla

Quebracho Mayu

Tree mint Chamomile

Multipurpose Square 0

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE

2

20m

*Design process images

DIPLOMA IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN - 23 -

Section A-A’

Section B-B’

Section C-C’

Year 1

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE

Year 4

Year 15

RISK OR RESOURCE?

Species selection and

Reframing the relationship with water

communtities

SYMBOLOGY

Type: Academic project Location: Boston Harbor, Boston, United States Graduate level: First semester Master in Landscape Architecture Year: 2017 Team: Li, Lobos, Van der Eb

This project aims to experiment with possible solutions for the urban development in the context of sea level rise. The focus of the design is to change the perception and relation with water, turning its risk into a design opportunity. Our proposal is centered around a hydrologic network that distributes, captures, and releases water. The system deals with runoff from the surrounding city context, rainwater runoff from within site, and brackish and saltwater along the shore. While the urban and rainwater is distributed and retained in channels and ponds, the seawater is allowed to get into the system.

These strategies mediate between the water ecosystem and the new city, focusing mainly on remediating the land trough vegetation and the creation of new spatial perceptions.

Besides the managing water system, the project considers the implementation of urban agriculture to develop the site, both as a productive and recreational activity. The design includes changes through time: In a first stage focus on leisure and remediation fields, then small density grow and farming, and finally high density replacing the crops for vertical framings and recycling all the water that comes from the buildings.

Salt tolerance

Edible

Salt tolerance + phytoremediation

Full sun

Phytoremediation

Partial sun

Also present in bioswales

High water requirement Medium water requirement

Monocultures

Clusters

Bioswale

REMEDIATION

Corridor edges

Saltmarsh

FILTRATION SYSTEM

Maritime forest

Shore

SALT TOLERANT

CROPS

URBAN TOLERANT

Plant communities cycles Remediation Crops Urban tolerant Salt tolerant Filtration system 0

5

10

12

25

50

Hard pollution Groundwater pollution Medium pollution Light pollution

Remeditation process

MASTER IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 25 -

100

TA X O N O M Y Public space taxonomy

Plan year 25

Rc Rc

Hacberry

Honey Locust

Broadleaf cattail

Bur oak

Red oak

Black locust

Rc Rc

Rc

Ss Rc

Ss

Rc Rc

Rc Rc

Rc Rc

Rc

Ss Ss

Rc Rc

Rc

Ss

Ss

Public space

Runoff

Urban developed areas

Rc

Trees clusters

Square Impervious surface

Ss

Ss Rc

Ss

Rc

Saltmeadow cordgrass

Saltmeadow rush

Honey Locust

Staghorn sumac

Red fescue

Black Locust

Red White Mulberry Mulberry

Common oat

Ss Rc Ss

Ss

Ss Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss

Gb

Gb

Rc

Gb

Ss

Gb

Ha Ha

Ss

Ss

Gb

Bl

Rc

Rc Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss

Rc

Ss

Ha

Ss

Ss

Ss

Rc Rc

Ss

Rc

Ss

Ha

Rc

Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss

Ss Rc

Rc

Ss

Ss

Rc Rc

Ha

Gb

Gb

Bl

Ha

Gb

Ss

Ss Ha

Bl Bl

Ha

Ss

Ss

Bl Bl

Bl

Remediation fields

Road edge

Saltmarsh

Bl

Bl

Ha

Hl

Ss

Gb

Ha

Gb

Hl

Hl

Seaside goldenrod

Lettuce

Japanese black pine

Black cherry

Hl

Gb

Bl

Gb Gb

Bl

Hl

Gb

Hl

Gb Bl

Gb

Bl

Ha

Hl

Bl

Gb

Bl

Bl

Bl Ha

Crop

Courtyard public space

Bl

Promenade

Gb

Hl Hl Hl

Gb

Bl

Black poplar

Gray birch

Black locust

Hl Bl

Gb

Gb

Ha

Bl

Red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Rc cedar(Juniperus (Juniperus virginiana) Rc RedRed cedar virginiana) Red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Rc

Bl

Bl

Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) Ss Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) Ss Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) Ss

Bl

Gray birch (Betula populifolia) Gb Gray birch(Betula (Betula populifolia) Gb Gray birch populifolia) Gray birch (Betula populifolia) Gb

Bl Hl

Bl Bl

Bl

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Bl Black locust (Robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia) Bl Black locust pseudoacacia) Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Bl

Gb Gb

Gb

Hl

Gb

Gb Gb

Ha

Gb

Gb

Hl Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Hl Honey Honey locust (Gleditsia (Gleditsia triacanthos) locust triacanthos) Hl Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)

Gb

Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora)

Bl Ha

Bl

Hl

Ha

Hl

Bl

Ha

Ha

Bl Bl

Hl

Hacberry (Celtis occidentalis) Hacberry (Celtis occidentalis) Hacberry (Celtis Hacberry (Celtis occidentalis) occidentalis)

Ha Ha Ha

Hl

Bl

Bl

Ha

Ha Hl

Gb

Bl

Bl

Honey locust

Bl

Ha

Hl

Red oak

Bl Bl

Bl

Bl

Honey locust

Bl

Ha

Bl

Bl

Bl

Bl

Gb

Gb

Ha

Bl

Bl

Hl

Bl

Ha

Bl Hl

Bl

Bl

Ha

Hl

Gb

Bl

Bl

Hl

Gb

Bl

Bl

Bl

Gb Bl

Ha

Hl

Ss

Ss

Ha Bl

Hl

Ha

18.6

SE AS ONAL CHA NGE

11.0

Spring Section A - A’

42.0

70.0

10.0 SPRING Section A-A’ Scale 1:500

ETAI L S

Summer Section A - A’

SUMMER Section A-A’ Scale 1:500

3" mulch path

3:1 slope

concrete platform

Fall Section A - A’ 3%

Flood level due to storm

Regular flood level

FALL Section A-A’ Scale 1:500

enriched soil 3" mulch

Compacted structural field 8" amended soil mixture

cobble and gravel for permeabilty

Compacted structural field

bricks surface

Winter Section A - A’ Run-off bioswale Scale 1:75

Honey Honey Locust Locust

T ECH N I CAL D ET AI LS

WINTER Section A-A’ Scale 1:500

SE A L E VEL RISE + DENSITY INCREMENT

3" mulch path

Concrete platform

concrete platform

3:1 slope

Slope 3:1 3% 3%

4.4

Mulch 3”

24.0

YEAR 5 Flood Section Scale 1:500 level due toB-B’ storm

Flood level due to storm

4.8

Regular flood level

2%

enriched soil Enriched soil

Compacted structural Compacted field

structural field 8"Amended amended soil mixture

soil 8”

cobble and Cobble and gravel gravel

tap root structure

Tap root structure

hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon pollutants pollutants

MASTER IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 27 -

3" mulch Mulch 3” 8" amended soil Amended mixture soil mixture 8”

cobble and gravel for Cobble and permeabilty

gravel for permeabilit

Compacted structural Compacted field structural field

Dens context bioswale + land remediation Scale 1:75

bricks surface Brick surface

9.8

3" mulch

12.4

Mulch path 3”

15.6

2:1 slope Slope 2:1

Run-off bioswale Scale 1:75

YEAR 30 Section B-B’ Scale 1:500 Honey Locust

TOWARD COOPERATIVE GROUND

Santa Rita River section and pollution diagram

Olongapo city plan

RECLAIMING COLONIAL INFRAESTRCUTURES IN SUBIC BAY

Type: Academic project Location: Subic Bay/Olongapo, Philippines.

Graduate level: Second semester Master in Landscape Architecture Year: 2018 Team: Lobos, Lyon, Walker, and Wang.

This project consisted of three different strategies for decolonization Subic Bay surroundings. My team worked in a plan called Infrastructures of Wetness which aim to provide equal access to fresh water throughout the entire territory of Olongapo.

Whereas the free port zone of Subic Bay has inherited infrastructure from the United States military occupation of the site, its neighbor city, Olongapo, is still dealing with a lack of fresh water, high pollution levels in its rivers and recurring flooding due to the monsoon storms.

This project consists mainly in a stormwater management strategy which will re-utilize the current gulley of the city as rain gardens and bioswales to slow down the fluxes of rain throughout the city besides reforesting the high lands and city to avoid erosion.

At the same time that the proposal deals with the monsoon storms, it also creates public space within the tight urban grid of the city.

Historic shifting patterns of the Santa Rita river

City reforestation and water cleaning proposal

MASTER IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 29 -

The final stage of the project was developed alongside with two other teams which created the projects Infrastructures of Information and Infrastructures of Exchange. For that reason, the final product was a video with shows the porosity of the site and the technologic approach to it.

RAIN GARDEN OLONGAPO CITY

PURIFICATION

BIOSWALE

PERMEABILITY

https://vimeo.com/user94694057/ review/315175534/2e74cdd2ff

MONSOON

WET SEASON

REFORESTATION

OVERFLOW

AQUIFER

s for unitie port wo Ne

130cm/year of rainfall

HUBEK NPO

BARANGAY WORKS ship New relation

CITIZENS

to

SANTA RITA RIVER

OCEAN

OPEN SPACE

ENVIRONMENT

VEGETATION

Operations diagram

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE

Gulleys network creation

Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco

NORTH ADAMS MASTER PLAN

BENEFITS

FOOD PRODUCTION NETWORK

Type: Academic project Location: North Adams, MA, United States Graduate level: Third semester MLA program Year: 2018

North Adams aims to position itself as an exciting city to live and visit based on its cultural identity —both artistic and natural— by 2050. In addition to that, it needs to be a city able to deal with the difficulties that climate change is positioning in our future.

As a studio, we developed a joint master plan for the city focusing in different aspects. My part of the project focuses on creating a city that can sustain itself by producing food for all of its inhabitants. Under the assumption that the places where agriculture is currently developed in the states will not be able to keep producing at the same rate due to global warming, North Adams will need to provide edible resources on its own.

Hence the Master Plan consists in a network of community gardens and food provision places that will erase the current food deserts within the city in addition to vertical farming facilities that will set North Adams as an essential contributor to the food industry. This indoor farming will act not only as food production but also as cultural places to teach people about food technologies and to train the local population to give those people jobs in the future.

REQUIREMENTS

Requires10 times less water

Recirculation of water to avoid pollution outside of the facility

Produces 10 times more food

Requires steady and strong electrical infrastructure

Transportation of products from regular crops is twice the tital carbon footprint that a local vertical farm produces.

TYPES

ALTERNATIVES

PRODUCTION DENSITY FOOD FOR 25,000 PEOPLE

Aeroponics

Community garden

Hydroponics

Outdoor farms only for meat and dairy

Aquaponics

Greenhouses need 70% less energy for each square meter of growing area than facilities with artificial light

KEY Vertical farm

Building

Conserved water bodies and wetlands

Distribution center

Meat and dairy industry

Community garden

Production of small veggies

Preserved forest

Rooftop greenhouse

Meat and dairy production

MASTER IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 31 -

Vertical farm

Common agriculture

2,500 acres

25,000 acres

= 19% of North Adams surface

= 189% of North Adams surface

PARK OF EXPERIENCES NORTH ADAMS CENTRAL PARK

The class overall master plan includes a park in the core of the city.

This park consists in the replacement of a huge parking lot along the main street which will play the role to revitalize the area and foster a strong identity. In that context, I developed a project that will capture the attention both of North Adams citizens and visitors.

The park of experiences aims to foster different perceptions within the park. The place will include features such a wall that moves with the wind, light poles that react to people movements, forested areas that hide the city and creates a visual continuity to the surrounding mountains, structures that make sounds, among others. All these elements will use nature to work, creating new perceptions of the landscape and unique events during the year.

The park will work in different levels including buildings that create changes in the topography and include a program that will maintain the area active even during the harsh winter weather.

In the context of climate change, the park will work as a stormwater management device. The shape of the project conducts the water through the site to a pipes system that finishes into a designed urban wetland that cleans the runoff and releases it slowly to the Hoosic River.

Finally, the perception of the park will constantly be changing due to seasonality, weather, and natural conditions, being always attractive for residents and visitors and providing new experiences of the landscape.

FOTOS MAQUETA

RESEARCH Canopy Plan

DESIGN WITH DISTURBANCE

Ring of fire

Chile

Araucania Region

ATLAS OF SHAPE, TIME, AND PERCEPTION IN THE VOLCANIC LANDSCAPE Type: In process master thesis Location: Llaima volcano, Araucania region, Chile.

Graduate level: Third + fourth semester MLA program Year: 2018 - 2019 The world is affected periodically by natural disruptions that reshape the landscape. One of those unpredictable disturbances are the volcanic eruptions. Even though volcanic outbreaks are commonly considered as threats due to their capacity to destroy the land, they also offer an opportunity to create new territories. This thesis aims to understand how the process of an eruption can be contemplated as part of the landscape design practice.

This thesis explores the capacity of lava residues as landscape ground by proposing a design that modifies the motion of lava during eruptive events. Under the question of how to design with disturbance? The thesis consists of an atlas of the volcanic landscape, a field guide of the topographic inflection strategy that choreographs the influence of lava in the foothill of a volcano, and a vegetation and soil catalogs of textures, colors, and shape.

The project consists in the creation of a living tectonic that modifies the current topography and creates a lava garden in the foothill of the volcano. A place for people to get closer to the volcanic landscape, learn about its vegetation and geological processes, besides to perceive its magnificence.

With the focus on materiality and process, this operational project is held in the Llaima volcano, Chile. That country has the second largest and most active volcanic chain in the world with 91 active volcanoes. Therefore, the Llaima volcano –the second most active in the nation– serves as a laboratory to understand the relevance and possibilities that the volcanic material presents for landscape architecture.

Volcanoes Most volcanic countries of the world

Araucania region Llaima volcano Chilean volcanoes

Melipeuco communa Vilcun communa

Curacautin communa Llaima volcano

Araucania region

Leyend Regional boundary Polititcal division Towns and cities National Parks and Reservoirs

Llaima volcano and surroundings Lonquimay volcano

40km Llaima volcano influence 25km influence radius 20km influence radius

Curacautin town

Sierra nevada Cherquenco town

Llaima volcano

Melipeuco town Sollipulli volcano Pavement and rubble roads Route 5 (main north-south highway) Main access routes

MASTER IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 33 -

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Professional practice

FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR THE EMERALD NETWORK INITIATIVE

Plan of Land Use and Obstacle in the site. Based on Zoning Commission of the City of Boston (2011). Map 8C Greater Mattapan Neighborhood District; Zoning Commission of the City of Boston (2014).

Map 12 Hyde Park; and Harvard University et al. (2018). Boston Tax Parcel Viewer.

FAIRMOUNT TO MATTAPAN GREENWAY

Type: Professional project Location: Hyde Park and Mattapan, Massachusetts, United States Year: 2018 Office: Livable Streets Alliance

2F-6000 CC

NS-1

OS-UW

2F-4000

CPS

LI-1

18 OS-RC

2F-5000 LC 2F-5000

In the aim to complete a gap in the greenway network of Boston, I developed a feasibility report to evidence the issues of the community-based proposal of a site and showed the different possibilities to establish a Greenway between the Fairmount Station and the Mattapan Station in the north side of the Neponset River.

MFR

OS-P

Figure 1: Greenways map + site of intervention. Source: Emerald Network (2017)

LI-1

2F-5000 LC

2F-5000

LC

NS-1

1F-6000

8

2F-5000

9 OS-P

Zones 1F One-Family Residential Subdistrict 2F Two-Family Residential Subdistrict MFR Multifamily Residential Subdistrict

6 OSUW 5

NS-1

Abutting properties land use Commercial Tax-exempt Residential Industrial Mix used Riverfront Protection Overlay District

3

4

16

OS-P

7

NS-2

17

2F-5000 MFR NS-1 13 2F-5000 15

2F-5000 LC

1F-6000

NS-2

OS-RC 12 11 10

OS-UW

OS-RC

MFR

14

NS-2 2 1 2F-5000

Path possibilities Existing greenway

Location within metro Boston diagram

OS-P Parkland Open Space Subdistrict OS-RC Recreation Open Space Subdistrict OS-UW Urban Wild Open Space Subdistrict NS Neighborhood Shopping Subdistrict LC Local Convenience Subdistrict CC Community Commercial Subdistrict LI local Industrial Subdistrict CPS Conservation Protection Subdistrict

Pictures of obstacles

2

Existing Fairmount Station infrastructure

3

Proximity to the railroad.

5

Railroad bridge surroundings.

9

6

Edge between the Neponset River and the Urban Wild.

River St Terrace parking lot.

INTERNSHIP IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 36 -

11

Tileston & Hollingsworth Dam.

13

River St overpass.

14

Belnel Rd property lines.

16

Stone wall.

Plan of all the possible paths to create the greenway

Zone G

9

8 Zone D Zone F Zone C 6 4

5

Zone E 7

Zone B

Zone A

2 1

3

1. Fairmount Commuter Rail Station.

2. Affordable housing under construction.

3. Urban Wild.

4. Doyle Park.

5. T&D dam.

6. Shops at Riverwood.

7. Match Community Day Charter Public School.

8. Kennedy playground.

9. Mattapan MBTA Red line station.

INTERNSHIP IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 37 -

Path option 1 Path option 2 Path option 3 Existing greenway

500

0 100

0

500 100

200

1000 300

1500feet 400meters

Commuter Rail right of way

Urban Wild Edge

Section B-B’ 1:200

Section A-A’ 1:200 Urban Wild

Greenway 14.7ft

2ft

Urban Wild

Rail road

10ft 2ft 4ft

11ft

Greenway 1f 2ft

19ft

12ft

Neponset River 2ft 2ft 6.2ft

41

41

3.0%

69.3%

B’ 39 38 37 36

49

47

48

46

42

41

B

47

A’ 49 48

A

TW 46.08 63.5%

42

43

30.5%

40

Existing contours Proposed contours

Plan 1:200

INTERNSHIP IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 38 -

Existing contours

Plan 1:200

Buffer between stone wall and Neponset River

Pierce St

Section D-D’ 1:200

Section C-C’ 1:200 Pierce St Bike path

53

52

51

5.6ft

10ft

1ft

10ft

Edgewater Dr

Residencies

Parkland Open Space

4.9ft 2ft

6.4ft

Greenway

40.2ft

2ft

12ft

Parkland Open Space 2ft 3ft

Neponset River

25ft

54

Residencies

43.5%

B W 3 3 .0

32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24

33

D’ 34

D 35

C’

33 34 35

C

T W 3 7 .9

Existing contours

54

53

53

40.2%

Plan 1:200

INTERNSHIP IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 39 -

Existing contours

Plan 1:200

LOS BATROS WETLAND MITIGATION

Plan of Land Use and Obstacle in the site. Based on Zoning Commission of the City of Boston (2011). Map 8C Greater Mattapan Neighborhood District; Zoning Commission of the City of Boston (2014).

Map 12 Hyde Park; and Harvard University et al. (2018). Boston Tax Parcel Viewer.

BUFFER ZONE BETWEEN HIGHWAY AND WETLAND

Type: Professional project Location: San Pedro de la Paz, Concepción, Chile.

Year: 2017 Office: URBE Ltda.

Team: Belmonte, Eyzaguirre, Lobos, Oñate.

This is a project of green space, requested by the Chilean state law, in order to approve a new highway that will connect Concepción with San Pedro de la Paz, landing in the edge of a wetland. We saw this mandatory public and green space as an opportunity to make a landscape project that also mitigates the impact of the new urban transportation infrastructure.

I participated in the selection of vegetal species and the design (paths, vegetal species distribution, the definition of protected areas, overlooks, and bike lanes) both in plan and section.

PROFESSIONAL WORK - 40 -

PROFESSIONAL WORK - 41 -

BRISAS DE JUNQUILLAR DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC SPACE FOR RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX

Type: Professional project Location: San Pedro de la Paz, Concepción, Chile.

Year: 2017 Office: URBE Ltda.

Team: Belmonte, Coffré, Eyzaguirre, Lobos, Oñate.

This Project consisted in the design of all the common areas in a new residential complex near the shore of the VIII region, Chile. I participated in the design (path, infrastructure, and allocation of species), selection of appropriate vegetation, find local suppliers, and make a budget.

PROFESSIONAL WORK - 42 -

PROFESSIONAL WORK - 43 -

RESEARCH Undergraduate and professional explorations

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF CHOAPA VALLEY

Cases of study

SUSTAINABILITY NOTIONS AT LOCAL ARCHITECTURE EXPRESSIONS

Type: Academic research project Location: Valle del Choapa, IV region, Chile Undergraduate level: Fifth year Year: 2013 Keywords: Vernacular architecture, Choapa Valley, Sustainable habitat, Anonymous heritage.

COAST

COASTAL RAIN-FED

FERTILE VALLEY

ARID VALLEY

- Cadastre of 132 vernacular architecture cases.

- Survey of eight different typologies and their particular techniques.

- Analysis of vernacular dwelling sustainable parameters.

ANDEAN FOOTHILLS

New vernacular examples

In Choapa Valley, lifestyle and cultural baggage of people have been shaped by the local ecology. People built their homes with the available resources around, with designs based on decades of experimentation. Also, they live as their Diaguitas ancestors –one of the country’s indigenous populations–, in communities that pass most of their quotidian at the outside, having a profound bond with their landscapes. These local constructions are an example of local knowledge that should be valued and disseminated.

Schoenoplectus californicus used as roof solution

Puya Chilensis used as building material

RESEARCH - 45 -

EXPLOITAITION OF NATURAL RESOURCES V/S PROTECTED LANDSCAPE

Natural Heritage

v/s

Natural resources exploitation

THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE ALTO MAIPO HYDROELECTRICAL PROJECT

Water intake Hydroelectric power station Water discharge

Type: Academic research project Location: Cajón del Maipo, Metropolitan Region, Chile Undergraduate level: Sixth year Year: 2014

Site office camps Tunnels and water pipelines Wild protected areas

Keywords: Socio-environmental conflicts, Natural Heritage, Hybrid landscape, Alto Maipo Hydroelectric Project, Mitigation.

- Identification of socio-environmental national conflicts.

- Assessment of Alto Maipo Hydroelectrical Project (AMHP) antecedents.

- Survey of effects of AMHP in the surroundings of Cajón del Morado.

- Tracking of the process of implementation of one site works camp.

The Alto Maipo Hydroelectrical Project has a significant impact in the territories where it is located and in the communities that live around it. The Cajón del Maipo area, the location of AMHP, is also a focus of unregulated tourism.

For those reasons, the area needs the implementation of more certain planning policies and strategies, to avoid the regional conflict that exists nowadays.

A good strategy to affront this issue is being aware of it as a hybrid landscape.

Consequently, it is necessary to observe the preexistent natural and cultural background to make this new productive activity develop in concordance with the present factors. Finally, there is a need to manage those conflict situations focusing on implementing sustainable solutions that embrace the local natural and cultural landscapes.

20% of national territory protected by state

102 socio-environmetal conflicts

Arenas’ Valley Park Natural monument “El Morado” “Santiago Andino” Plan Area without regulations

Cajón del Morado during summer

RESEARCH - 46 -

Arenas’ Valley (at Cajón del Morado) during winter

Site work camp implementation at Arenas’ valley

REDISCOVERING THE VERNACULAR SISMORESISTANT KNOWLEDGE

Location by typology

Photogrammetry and predominant constructive system two floor colonial houses Casa de Velasco (1730)

Posada del corregidor

Casa Colorada (1769)

(1750 aprox.)

SIMPLE MASONRIES TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Adobe

Type: Professional research Location: Santiago city center, Región Metropolitana, Chile Year: 2015 Team: Jorquera, Lobos

Adobe

Ladrillo cocido

First floor plan two floor colonial houses

Keywords: Earthquake-resistant masonry buildings, historical constructions, typological analysis, architectural heritage, local seismic culture, Santiago, geometrical analysis.

Casa de Velasco

Termographic analysis Casa de Velasco

0

100

300m

Leyenda Churches

Convents

Republican houses

Republican palace

Transition houses

Public buildings

One floor colonial

Two floor colonial

houses

houses

Unique cases

RESEARCH - 47 -

1851 Earthquake

1850 Earthquake

1822 Earthquake

1751 Earthquake

1730 Earthquake

Summary two floor colonial houses geometric analysis 1690 Earthquake

1647 Earthquake

1575 Earthquake

Timeline typologies/earthquakes 1541 Santiago foundation

Chile is in one of the most seismically active zones in the world and its capital, Santiago, has frequently been destroyed by earthquakes since its foundation by Spanish colonialists in 1541. Nonetheless, there are some historic masonry buildings that remain as a testimony of the efforts of builders to erect the new, unfamiliar structures introduced by the Spanish, in a seismic context like Santiago.

This article will explore the geometrical features of churches, public buildings, and Colonial houses –the most representative surviving masonry buildings in Santiago– in order to reveal their common characteristics. These characteristics, in turn, could explain their longevity and good dynamic structural performance. The results of the analysis shows that each typology –after a long process of trial and error induced by earthquakes– has evolved to a set of geometric rules that allowed the buildings to survive the test of time, and have given a strong identity to the heritage of Santiago.

Casa Colorada

Posada del corregidor

GEOMETRIC FEATURES IN TWO FLOOR HOUSES TYPOLOGY Parameters Symmetry of the building Simple and regular shape of the building Ratio length/width of the building in plan Ratio height/width of the building in facade Free length of the wall (length/thickness) Density of structure Thick of principal structural walls Percentage of openings in walls Vertical slenderness of walls (height/thickness)

Extreme values ✓ ✓

1 - 2 3-5 2,5 - 24 23% - 33% 0.65 - 1.00m 16.65% - 21% 4-6

Average _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.5 4 13.25 28% 0.80m 18.80% 5

Reference ✓ ✓

≤2 ≤3 ≤7 cercano a 20% > 0.35m < 40% ≤ 7-9

REDISCOVERING THE VERNACULAR SISMORESISTANT KNOWLEDGE

Type plan: One block plan 1910

Cadaster Leyend 1910

Materiality plan 1939 LEGEND

EVOLUTION, TECHNIQUE, AND MATERIAL CONFIGURATION OF THE HISTORIC CENTER OF SANTIAGO

Brick masonry Adobe masonry Stone masonry

Concrete

Type: Professional research Location: Santiago city center, Región Metropolitana, Chile Year: 2015 Team: Jorquera, Lobos

Wood structure

Iron Reinforced masonry

Keywords: Santiago, cadaster, buildings, urban changes.

0

Material and heights cadaster of the Santiago buildings 1939

600m

200

Heights plan 1939

During the first decades of the 20th century, constructions in Santiago de Chile were predominantly low adobe and brick buildings. This style was inconsistent with the new modern paradigms that were cautiously beginning to pervade the country’s architectonic ideas and the technical advancements resulting from the arrival of industrialized materials to the capital city.

This paper presents an interpretation of the material dimensions of Santiago’s architecture based on an unpublished work that involves developing four maps registering the materials and number of stories of buildings in downtown Santiago between 1910 and 1939. The task uses information of the cadasters prepared by the Municipality of Santiago during such years.

This interpretation aims at evidencing the way in which building techniques conditioned architectural possibilities and impacted urban changes that took place in Santiago between 1910-1939, which finally led to its consolidation as a modern metropolis.

LEGEND 1 floor 2 floors 3 floors 4-6 floors 7-10 floors 11 or more

0

600m

200

Blocks comparison per materiality and heights

Valle del Arenas (en el 1910

RESEARCH - 48 -

1939

1910

1939

María de la Luz Lobos Martínez Architect Universidad de Chile and Graduate Diploma in Landscape Design Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Master in Landscape Architecture candidate Harvard Graduate School of Design mmartinez@gsd.harvard.edu | +1 (847) 630 1880