Soli Deo Gloria 1865-1915 by Martin Luther College

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Dlortijlucftcrn 6'.offcgc, lrontcrfolun, lroiB. s:lnß crftc WnftnUBgc6äubc, nm 4. 6cl)tcm6cr 1865 cingcluciijt.

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NnrtQwrftrru C!tnllrgr ~ein 3ltllerhen unh lllarl1fen.

<6rfd1ilbrrt im Auftrag brr JJrulmltüt unu IDr. Artl1ur 16,iirmuuu.

llllll 1Eugltfdtr übrrtragru uou i;an.a i!Collrr tloutra, Jaftor JU 3fttf1'ruttt, JDi.a.

liefe ienkfr4rtft. 5u 11:qren hell fünf5igjliqrtgen ilefteqens hell Nnrtqweftern atnllege uerfnf8t unh l1erausgegeben. ifi hen 11freunhen her .i\nftalt gewrowt.

1B65-1915

SDas stomitcc i:>cr ®tJnol:>c, l:>cm es oblag, i:>icfe @e, fd)id1te bes \.lfortfJrocjtcrn @:ollcge rür ben SDrucf unl> .mer• fanl:> fertig 3u ftcIIcn, fJat tro!J l>er ~iie, mit l>er eß in fo fur3cr .8cit .l>as @la113c beroärtigen muäte, feinerfei ~nt• fdjull>igungen llor3ubringc11; eß {liflt fidj bieimeIJr boU unl> 90113 l>em @lefiil)Ic banfbarer ~reul>e l)in, l:>iefe fo überaus treffiidjc ~{rbcit bes ~iftoriferß uni:> "®efrctärß ber ~afultät - uni) 31Uar in gieidj guter Übertragung - außfenl>cn 3u fönncn. @lotteß ®egen begleite bie ®en• bung. SDaß ~omitee l>er ®t)nol:>e. ~m IDlär3 1915.

1Jnqalt.auer5eidpti.s. . 7 SDie &nfänge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S !Biß aur !Berufung b~ erften <eSd1üictß in bcn SM1rförpcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,t5 ilucrofüf iiocr bic fpätcrcn ~ar1rc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b5 l\njcr <:ioilcgc, iuic cß rieutc ift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Au hie "lieber hr1· ru.-lutl1. Dlftarnufiufyunht. f!ic6cr 9Jlitd1riit ! ~111 9[11ittag unfcrcr ®tJnol.lc tuirl.l SDir IJiermit ein !!Hid)Iein iiocrrcid1t, l)a,s SDidJ mit unj(>rer ~(nitart in !ffiatcrtotun, l.lem 9fort(J1Ucitcrn @:oliegc, i1ä[Jer befonnt 111ad1cn möditr. ~iini3ig ~a(Jre (Jinl.lurdJ (Jot uämlic!J l.ler treue @ott l.lurdJ l:>icf~ Iiohl' ~dJulc uid ®cgcn Olh•IJClloiien ii(1cr uniere ®tJnol.le mit ifJren @emcinl.lcn in CeStaM 1mb ~ant>. 9( 11{; 1111jcrcr ~( njtolt in !ffiatertoton jinl.l nidJt nur manc{Jc ~rlircr 11111.l (ikjdJiift-:.rcutc [Jcruorocnangcn, audJ bic 1ueifo11B gröütc ~MJr3afJl 1111jt•rrr IJcutiorn tlajtorrn uni) \ßroieHorcn IJat l.len @l)nmafialfurfuB in !ffiate.:• fo1u11 i)m:dmrmadJt. SDa'3 legt c~ 1111~ na(Jc, in l.liefem ~a(Jrc ein ~u6e(fcit mit .!:?0(1 1mi) ~anf neocn @ott 311 frien1. SDcr rcditc ~anf fficüt IJer aus her @t • f l' 11 11 t n i ~ l.lcr 1m{l cr1uicjc11cn ~ol1ftatc11. SDirfe @rfcnntnis tuill l.la~ SDit iiiirrrrinJk '!'iicf1tl•i11 nor •alirn ~inocn jiiri:ieru. SDarum Iic~ 11111.l 6etrac{Jtc l',:; 11icf1t ol1l'rilöcfJlidJ fo1!i:irn1 n r ii 11 t> I i dJ. !IBcm1 SDu bicfen 9?at uefoloit, bann lui rt1 in (1('JIIO au i i)fr ~,11Cwfft•icr 1111jcrer 9[nitart in <:Deinem .'gcr0en ein S:'t'räut• Irin. t·in jrltrn .<1r1i11tll'in a11fü>ril'i3r11, 1uad1ir11, (1(iihcn unh ~rudit bringen, ein fdkn .Griiutrl'in, i:in,• llic ~rft nicf1t fcnnt. i)a{l ober @ott bei feinen §tinber.:1 i111f1t 1111!> nidJt 11crnd1(idJ fndit - hie SDanfliarfeit. 81111fcicfJ mit i:it•111 'UiicfJ(cin foffcn <:Dir mc(Jrcrc St11t1ertc 3ugefanl.lt tucrl.len, bir jiir ~icfJ 11111.l S-ci11c 'i)·n111ilirnnficl.ler I1eftim111t iint1. ~ n biefen Stuuerten foü t1i1• ~ r II nJ t ~einer ~anfönrfrit fiir 1111ferc ~(njtalt ein11cfa111111elt tuerl.lcn. !ffiie t1il'[ joll tc mnn ll('ll11 ll11>(1f ncf1e11 ? m, fo IJöre l.lodJ, hie b t UdJ t 5!) Cj 11 Cil '2 o II f t' ❖ fofffl '.D11 nc(1c11, nicfit mrfJr, a(1cr a11dJ nidit tucnigcr. !fficnn 5.i)ir iel.lcs ~, nlir t1er ner11an!]t'11c11 fün fo in ._1afirc nur fo uicf ltlcrt tuäre afs Mc ncrinoite ~1J~ii11Jc 1111ft·n·-'.l ~onlle?,, jo lJäticit ~11 fii niJio <Scntil 311 geben, ijt's ~ir 3tuci ~ r11t~ tocrt. (\(11111 mad)t ('~ einen '.tn(cr, einen Z§ U{1 e f t a ( Cr ; l.lenn l.las iiinf• ,li\1ii(' , 1nf1r iff unl.l ft1T( fein ein ~ u(1cfjaf1r. !IBic luiir's, tucnn toir einige !ffiodJen IiinbmdJ fpartcn, I1i?, t1t·r ::1:akr llt'fl lt:öre unl.l io l.lic groüe 9.lMJqaIJI l.lcr ®am• mclfut,crfc mit lomioitrn ❖ c in e m ~ u b c I t a f c r 3uriidfäme. @ingel.lcuf 0(1n llt'~ m.~orte?, bcr 8l1Jriit : ,,G:incr trage tlcs aut>crrn ~ait", loollc l.lcr !ffioIJf• t10I11•11i)cre cf, cntfi1rccfic11l.l einriditcn, tlamit l.lcr WuMalI llcr !Ocnigcr IDcmittclten nellrrft 1urrk ~aüt un❖ arrc l.la{l miidJfcin flcii.lio lcfcn, l:las $ifä110Ici11 „manf• I>arfrit" f1egr11 unh pfknrn 1mt1 hie e;riicfJtc i:>c?> 5.i)anfes 311 her uon @urcm \ßaitor feiiocic~tcn .Seit in ht•n Sfut1ertcn a[1fieicrn ! SDa?> ~uueloi1fcr 1olrl.l 311111 !BejtE'.t llcr ~r nitaft t1er1ucnt1ct 1i1crbe11. 8u tucldicm [1cfo11t1erc11 8mccf cB uer1Uent1et tuer• llCII foIC, 1uiri) t1ic ~11bcfi1Jnot1c [1efdJlici}e11. · @ott fegne uniere ~fnftart: er fc1111e SDidJ 11111.l SDcinc ~uuclgaoe! ~1it [1riibcrlidicm @ruü mas Si'omitcc, 4)••p. G:6crt, !8orfi!Jer.

~ur. ~Iinnmann, ®cfretär.

Dear Chri~tian Friend,Together with this circular an illustrated history of our Northwestern College in bookform will be sent you through your pastor. J une next this our grand and <lcar Institution will celebrate, during synodical sessions. the fiftieth a nniversary of its foundation. An event of this kind comes to us but once in . a lifetime. 'Ne ought thercfore to show an intcrest worthy of the occasion. Our Synod at its last sessions in July. HJH, resolvcd to celebratc the Jubilec at \Vatcrtown and to raise a goodly fund. for the benefit of the College by a irecwi ll o ffering. Let it bc an offering of gratitude to thc loving kindness o i our Lord ior the bcnefits he has bestowed on 11s a nd on lhc work o ur . ynocl has been able to carry out for thc L ord·s Ki ng clo m through this our College. A n average cont rib11ti0n o f o 11 c d o 11 a r ior cach communicant member would raisc 1hc a 111011nt t hc Synod has in view. But' Jet him that has mu,h ;.;1vc 11111ch. The sum thus raisecl " . i 11 h c u s e d so I c I y f o r o ur Co 11 e g c eith cr i1>r l he crcct ir,n .~r a n ad mini stratio n building and a library or fnr inc rcasing- the cndo wm ent fund. The final dis position of thc moncy so raiscd will be made by Synod at its ncxt scssion in \;\'atcr town. A program of thc cclebratio n to bc held at th e College on J une 22 and 23, lU 1.5, am! vcry prohably thc Sunday following, will in due time appea r in our publications. Let your contribution be according to your ability, bearing in mind timt at this the fiftieth anniversary of the Institution God wants you to take up the good work of our fathers. so that our College may continue to grow and to be a blessing to untold · numbers of Christians. Kindly deliver the envelope according to the directions of your pastor. The Committee in charge.

H. H. Ebert, Chairman,

Klingmann, Secretary.

1llir i\nfiingr. 7C B roar am 14. ®cptemucr 1865, am fidJ in ~ atertoron eine ®dJar lleut• ~ fdJer

2utIJeraner, faft allefamt @emeinllegfiellcr oller \l3aftoren unjerer 1850 gegriinlleten l.illisconjin,@5tJnolle, 311 einer IT;eier einfanll, hie einem feit ~(Jren geIJegten smnnidJe llie @;rfiiflung urad1te: ein euen bollenlletes jtatt• TidJeß ,,®mtinar• unll <,tollegegeliiiulle" folfte geiueigt unll fein~r !Beftimmung iiliergeuen luerllen. I.IDoTJI bie meijten unter unß fannten !liefen nadj llen \l3fö• nen bes liefannten smatcrtoiuner ~frd1iteftcn (,t6orlianean erricliteten ·mau, in lleffen ~(nfa man fidJ berjammeftc; llenn llrei ~afiqeTJnte fang, liiß iI)II 1894 ein miiuitrafJT trtlf 1111ll 3erftörte, luar er ein ~0Iir3l'icfJe11 llcr ®tollt, gingen bmdJ ici ne G:inoongSµforte mit llem TcndJlcn• bcn „<Soli ~eo @foria" borii(1cr S.MJrcr 1111b <Sdiiifcr 1111iercß W.ortf11ucftcrn CS:of• Icoe 011s 1111b ein. ~fucfJ llcr 91ome bei• irn, bcr 011 jrncm !Uormittag 311erjt bo-3 ~llort crori!f, iit nnß orccn bcrlrant luic lllcninc. fül iuor ~o6anneS molling, llcr n1111111cf1r Tieimgegangcne TnnojiifJrioc ii riijcS bcr ®tJnobe, bomals \l3aitor in )ffialcrtoiun unll 311gTeidJ morji1Jcnbcr bcr Wuifid)tSlicfJörllc. l.illöfJrcnb er in ici• ncr fc rnigcn l.illciie ller ~rcullc %1sllrmf t1cdicfJ, llic affe lieiuegte, fiiTJrtc ller idJon 1863 311m l,ßrofeHor ller Zfieofogie (1c• rnfene SDr. @;. ffi1ofllcgnfe in Tängercr, feffefnller ~klle ans, lUie iucrtroß eine @;r3ieijung ogne ~lcligionfümtcrridJt fei. ~Jcille jµradicn· llentfdJ 011 ller lle11tjdJe11 'llaftor 3o~i11111ta !!labtnt 3 11fJÖrerfdJajt. SDenn luie eß alle fdJiicIJ• te 2eute luaren, ~anllluerfer, !Bauern, osos toiiOrcn~ J~a'r~~~o~~~g'.~nrcl e in !!lcrtiu -5.tagclöfJner, !o waren eß aucI1 alle &in• geluanllede, fJauµtfädJiidJ \l30111mern unll Wlecfienuurger, 0011 llenen oicIIeidJt nur \uenige in llem Wlaf3c ller 5:!anlleßjpracf)e mädJtig luaren, llaf3 fie einer eng• fifdJen lnelle ljätten foigen fönnen. l.illie IT;remlle erjcIJienen fie llem bes SDeut• icIJen unfunlligen lnellafteur einer itälltifcf)en 8eihmg: ,.ifJrc ®i1racIJc ift eine anlleie." W?ag er aucf) 3u roeit ge1ien, rocnn er fd)Iieät, ll~r llrittc lnellner fJalie,

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aligefegen non oier ..~!mcricanß," bie 0ugegen iuaren, tauben O(Jrcn gel)rebigt, fo fällt eß bodJ auf, ba\3 ber erfte @:ollegel)räfibent, ~rofefjor ~bam \.martin, ~- !.ln., fidJ ber englijdJen @5pradJe bebiente. ~ber eß fonnte ja nidJt cmberß 1ein, menn man auf feinen @nbuicf(ung!lgang jieIJt. ~uß bem ()ften fommenb, gier aufgelt>ad)len, tuenn aucl) in Si)eutjd)Ianb geboren, gatte er - ein ~toitu• rient ~1858) b~ ~amiiton @:ollege, !nem 11)orf - bie €:Scl)uioiibultg genolfen, mie fie elien ein bamaiigcß amcrifanifdJeß @:oilege bot; 511Jeologie gatte er in bcm futgerifd)clt ~artluicf @5emiltartJ, R ID., ftubicd. @seilte @5prad)c luar bic englifd)c. @:r gatte, tuie nocfJ ictt giefige &ngloamerifaner 3u eroägien tuijfen, ein geminnc)tb~ !!Bc\clt unb einen gefäiligen morh:ag, unb feilte !Jtebe bamalß über baß 5tf)ema "The College and the Man, The College and the State, The College and the Church" madJte audJ auf fie eilten tiefen @inbruro: "the most instructive and admirable address ever made before any assernbly in this city," nennt jic jelter lltebaf, teur. . &!! ijt fcl)on gejagt, ba& l>n~ lteue 2cTJrgebäube nidJt nur ~or, Icge31uecfen l>ienen, 1onl>em nucIJ ~aß €:Seminar beTierbergen IoITk \mit l>em €:Seminar begann man. @5dJon 1859 llJUt:bc „l>ie SDring• IidJfeit einer !8iibungßanflart \Jo11 !ßrel>igern für !ffiißconjin" erör, tcd, unb 1862 fpradJ fidJ bie @51J• nol>e einftimmig l>aIJin aus, l>af3 bie @rünbung cineß eigenen €:Se, minars eine!nottuenbigfeit rei. mon l>elt 250,000 Si)eutfd)en im @5taa• te tuaren 160,000 \ßroteflalttcn, ultter l>enen auf bas eifrigftc \.mi:'• !llrof. \De. (!!. I.Jllo(bc{Jnfe. tgobiften unb &Ilired')tßlirüber tuar• 6en. !Bißger tuat'° man, tuorrte man bie 3erflreuten 2utgerancr fammein unl> berforgen, gana auf SOeutfcl)f~nb angetuiefen; l>aIJer famen fämtrid)e \ßaftoren unb bagin Iilicfte man, tuenn man neuer Sh:äfte beburfte. !!Bie €:Senior IDlüfJf• f)äufer, ~aftor ber @nabengemeinl>e 0u !.miituaufee unb eilter bcr @rünber ber €:Sl)nobe, ein ~C,geianbter ber 2angenoerger @efellfdJaft „für bie protejtantifcl)en SOeutfd)en in ~merifa" lllar, jo fam im i}eliruar 1863 ein @5cijüier Stiiofucf~, ~boif ~önecfe, ber nacIJmaiige groüe SOogmatifer ber @5t)nobe, afß @5enbiiote b~ !Berliner ,,@:bangelilc!Jen mereins für !norbamcrifa" l)erüiier. 0:inen ßög, ling freilid), ~einrid) @5icfer, 1päter ~aftor in !netu IDorf, Iiea man im @etitJ!l•

ourger ®eminar ausbilben, alier bie (fotfernung mar 3u gron, als bau auf biefe !l:Beife bcm \llrebigermangel ljätte aligeIJo{fen toerben fönnen. !l3on einer !Benu!Jung bes ®eminars · ber IDHrfouriitJnobe fafJ man ab, ba baß !l3edJältnis bamals ein äuncrft oeh>anntes toar. ®o tourbe benn 1863 ber !BefdJiuu ge• faüt, !Uabing nadJ ~eutfdJlanb au entfenben, bainit er bort für bas au erridj• tcnbc ®eminar bie nötigen @elbmittel foUeffü?re. IDlolbef)nfe aber fiebelte.er roar !J'leife\lrebiger-im ®eptemlier nad) !l:Batertoton über, um !Babing au bertreten unb „fofort mit ber borfJanbencn ®d)üler3aTJI ben Unterrid)t im ®e• minar unb @:ollege 311 beginnen." ~fud) im @:oUege, !l:Bie fonnte eß audJ anberß jein: roollte man ein ®'emi• nar, fo fonnte man bodJ bie !!3orfdJu!c nidJt miffen, bie auf baß @5tubium ber S.UJeoiogie boruereitete. ~erner niuütc für ®dJulieljrcr geforgt werben, bie nod) überall mangelten. ~(Tier audJ b aß befragte man - unb nidjt aulc!Jt -, baü ben \l3rebigern unb @emeinbegiicbern uißljcr üuerljau.pt eine ,,&nftalt aur !!Bei• teruilbung Hirer ffinber" gefel)It Tiatte. ~rrn fdJon 1862 bon ber !lBaljI bes Drteß bie Welle tuar, traten mandJc energifdJ für !.Uliltoaufee ein, roo, IUie man meinte, g(eidJ 50-60 ®d)iifer in baß (rollege eintreten mürben. ~ffier bie &Ti• ifimmung im ~aTJre 1863 ergab 19 fiir !.Uliftoaufec unb 45 für !l:Batedoton. fei, ~ {I iuurbc außgcf iirJrt, baf3 !l:Batertolun 3entraf gelegen unb eine 2anbftabt bic ferner bafi feTJiten, t ~anbefßftab groüen a10 Mc idJäblidJen &infliiiie einer ueiftcuern 91aturaiien Umgegcnb ber in @cmcinbcn len 0o1JfrcinJen 1uofJffJnucnl 1uiirlle11, unll baß entfdJiell. 9.l?it llrei ®dJiilern, K ~ - ®ieofcr, !.Ulai; @übler unb -~(uguft @amm, ue• 1101111 IDlolbel)nfo feinen ltnterridJt in einem ~aufo 011 ber !Biertcn ®'trafle, llas lange uon bem Wbuofaten @arbner ueiuof)nt rourbe mtb JtOQJ l)eute nad} HJm rieif3t. ~m 2aufc bes ~ofireß 1uurbcn eß 14 6d1iifer. &s tourbe an ben 5 llnterridJtfüaoen f(eiüio gearbeitet. llm 7½ reit>. 8 UTJr im !l:Binter uerfam• 111cfte man fid), unll bann 1uäfJde ber llntcrridjt, augefel)en Uon ~er einftünbigen Wöttagßpoufe, bis 3um ~fficnllcrfen. !l:Bie fel)r ljier ®eminar unb Grollege ber• uunbcn roarcn, crfiefit man baraus, baf3 nelien ben tTJeoiogijdjen SDis3ipiinen ltnterridJt in ben foigenben ß=ädiern erteilt rourbe: 5l:leutfdj, (fagiifdJ, ~ebräifd), 2citein, @riedJifdJ, !.UlatrJematif, @efdjid)te, @eograpljie. !l?atüriicf) gab es mel'J• re_re ~Cuteifungen, bcnn bie einen toaren ~fnfänger, bie anbcren Tafen Q:icero unb · ~braa, ~omer unb \Plato. IDlitgiicber aäljienl>e &ufridJfs• fecf)B ber fidJ e &m 3. IDlai 1864 berfammelt rourbe auf bem bon einem 1864 ~uli 22. am unb @5i1Jung, rat au feiner erften unl> 5 ~Icler umfaffenben erftanbenen $600.00 fiir !Jtid)arM, &nfiebfer, arten !Baupiat} ~er erfte @5patenftid) getan. Silas @fobäube forrte l>ie Summe bon $10,000 nidjt üoerfteigen. @ine nidJt gerabe grof3e &usgaoe na<fJ unjei;n !Be• griffen, aber lt>enn man erwägt, roie ffein bie ®'djac l>erer toar, bie -au biefe111 U~terneljmen fdJritt, unb lt>ie unbemittelt bie meiften waren, fo roitb man bie !Bäter ·oetottnbmt, l>ie aus 5.!ieoe a1tm !Jt~idJ!? @9fü~ f9 tgPf\!r ~!lll~ g~ !l:Berf regten,

Bumar eil id)luerc 8cit lnar. 9focfJ tobte, ofJnc baü mon bas &nbe T1ätte obiefJen fönnen, ber fd1rccffid)e !Biirgerfrieg, ller fdJon fo tJiefc Opfer an @ut unb !8Iut geforbert I1atte. ~fud) aus tJicicn 3ur 6tJnobe gcIJörcnben ~amifien mcir ller IDater, ber 6oIJn, ber @atte 311 llen B=aljncn geeilt, unb in mancfJcm f(>aufe ijerrfdite tiefe strauer. .Su ben Sl'often, bie ber !Bau tJcrurfodJte, famen bic ftänbioen ~(uiloabcn, llic llnterf1art~~gßfofte11, bic !l3rofcfforcngeT)äfter, unll mon fann geluiü nic!Jt faoen, lla[3 lla ocfargt tnorbcn wäre. !fficnn ID?artin ein @eljaft llon $1000 3ugcbi Uigt 1nurbc, fo iit baß ein !8ctrag, l>cr audJ unß nid1t ffoin crfdJeint unb bcr bodJ f1cute einen 00113 anbcren !fiert borfteUcn mürbe. 91idJt überfefJcn barf mon oudJ, baü bie 6eminariftcn faft arre untcrftiil!unoßbcbiirftio 1narcn. SDic !Be, i>inouno, $2,000 auf311brinoen, roenn llie Wnftort in !IDaterto1un ocoriinllct mürbe, tnar non llcr 6tabt erfüllt luorbcn. @rof3e ~offnunoen feilte mon fcr• ner auf l>ic IJon !l3oftor !8al>ing unternommene ~uropareifc. ~r (Jot fpäter oft er3äf1rt, luie er IJon bcm Stö• nio IJon .\)annoller cmpfon• gen luurbe, 1uie er im !8cr• Hner SDom gcprebigt, 1uic er llluülanb Ciercift - affe3 im ~ntcreffe bes 6 cminor3. ~((!er lt1äTJrcnb eil iein lffillltfdJ luar, boü bie tJon ifJm oc• iommcrten @ e r b C r orn Ston1111fai1itoT fiir bic 6 r• minor,!l3rofelfurcn t1er1uo11tlt lucrl>cn forrten, geI1ot llic 9fot. baü mon bas 1Jorlja11bc11c (1Jubnrr,(1Jr6aubr, on brr • · ecrnf!r ndrorn. @cfb, bas in l>en @cmcin• ~ier ll)ur.beu ble erlten Untertld>l~lltmbcn erteilt llen ge[ammcTte unl> oudJ bot: &usoabcn 311 l>ccfcn. So groüen crften l>ie um bcnu!Jtc, l>a3u uon iljm gcfanbtc, 1866 uur nocfJ ~riifiiaIJr im 6d1ulb laftenbe mou bcm auf bic baü es, fam $14.00 betrug. !ffias l>as lroUege anbetrifft, mit l>em 1uir cf.\ lJier aUcin 311 hm Iia6cn, jo iolite es, roic fc[bjtbcrftänllfidJ ift, eine auf dJriftiidJer @runbfnoe ruTJenl>e ltr, 3iciju11g unl> !Bilbung barreid)en, aber cß ftanb i e ll cm offen, bcr fidJ einer ~öijcrcn Wusf>ill>ung, afß bie gc11Jöf111Iid1c ,,~ igij 6d)oof" fic bot, erfreuen 1uorrte. ~arum rcd1netc man aud) anfangs mit !BeftimmtrJeit auf bic llnterftiiuuno nicI1t• futricrifd)er Streife. SDas geijt bcutiidJ aus einer Wn3eioe IiertJor, bie ber moorb untc~ l>cr ÜberfdJrift „2utijerif\f)es lrollege" im ~(uguft 1865 in bei1 !ffiatcr• toroner 8eitungen erfd)einen Iica unb in ber aud) bon bcm 8 ieI l>ie lllebe ijt, llas ber &uffid1tsrat fidJ oeftecft T)atte. ,,~ür jeoiidJe TiöTJere 2ebensitc1Iuno" ioIIte bie Sd1ufe iljre 8ögiinge „burd) umfaifcnben unb oriinl>Iid1en lhitcrridJt 6cfrifJigen." !IDas 2cT1rtiid)tigfeit u. f. ro. anbetrifft, follte fic es „mit ben ocftrn

~ic ~!nfiingc.

~nftitutcn biefcß s:lanbes" auine{Jmcn fönnm. ,,&ß fommt nun Iebigfid')," l]eiät es bann tueitcr, ,,auf bie Unterftüuung ber !Bürger bes ®taatcs an, jo[· biefe5 uan3 bem ~ntereHe ber !Bürger bienenbe .8iel lia(bmöglidJit erreid,t" IUerben." SDie cnglifdJe ®pracf)e fo[ bie „feitenbe" fein, alier nclien i{Jr fo({ bem, SDeutfd)en lief onbere jj3fTege 3u teil 1uerben, unb lUo eß ange!Jt, fo[ ber Unterrid1t in· beut• idier u n b englijdJer ®pradJe erteift IUerben. ,,SDeutfdJe @rünblidJfeit mit amerifoni[d1em, praftiid1en ®inn 311 bcrliinben,'' ioII in allem baß !Beftrelien fein. SDcn 31uei SWaHen, mit bencn man beginnen IUoI!te, forrtcn, fobalb an• oängig, um beß bicriäCJrigen Sturfuß luillcn, ben man nadJ amerifaniicf)er !illeifc plonte, 31uci weitere 1Jin3ugcfügt luerben. ~Us lia(b barauf ID?artin, liiß(Jer (jeit 1861) \l3aftor au ID?ibl:>Ieliurgf}, 9le1U Vorf, in !illatertotun eintraf unb feilt armt antrat, rourbe „ein troIIege erften mangcß" gerabe311 fein ®cr,faglUort. ü&er bas !illie unb fillarum bcrlireitcte er iidJ auf ber erfkn ®IJnobalberjamm(ung, ber er I1ci1Uo(Jntc. &in trollege, IUie rr eil [idJ bad1te, 1uar eine biejem ~anbe eigentiimlidJ.? 2efiranjtart, bie bon bei• be111, uon ber europäi[dJen llniberiität unb bem @gmnaiium, etwas lJatte, · ,,bic 0(1cr bie lBebiirf niife bes profti[dJen 2e6cns mefJr ins &uge faäte,· inbem nur auf bcn .81uccf einer ben fJieiigen ~011besuerfJäftniiic11 angcpal)ten· {J~fler.cn !Bil• lnmg !Jingearbeitet 1Uirb." Irin iofd1e!3 (11t1Jeriid1es @:o[ege erften !Jla.ngeß IUar oficniiar feiner ~fuf[a[fung nad1 nodJ nidJt \Jor{Janben, ionft (Jätte er fo11m ·fiinau • jiigen fö11nc11, man miiiic fidJ bamit lieeilen, ,,luenn uniere ebangef"t,fif1:rut{Jerifd>:· fürdie eine 8 ufunjt liaben unb nid1t mit bem a(uifiörcn bcr (tfo11uanbcrunrr auB i(er(1rn [ofL" ,,91idJtß, luaß menidJlidJe Sh:äfte bermögen," iufJr er · fort, ,,ber• jpridit unieret fürdJe einen mädJtigercn [infh1il jiir bie 8ufunit; benn aus b~n 3i.iglingen ber @:oileges geTicn bie eini[uilreidJen ID?änner in ®taat imb StirdJ.' lirruor. ~n biejem ~anbe 1uirb bicjenige SDenomination ..... bcm •.!ßo(fäfebet, am beutlidJ[ten ifJr @ciiräge oujbriic!cn, bie am meiften 0ur ~(uBbiibÜng· fJer.bor• ragcnber ID?änner getan fJat." WudJ für iIJn alicr log „baß {JödJfte unb · lJei(igffr ~nterefie ber fürdie 011 bem !Bc[i\lc eines troifcge in bem !Bcbürfnfiie ulitSDir• nern bes [bangeiiums," 1111b 3roar bon ioldJen SDienern bes &bangelium"s, bil' nidJt mefJr, 1uie bie ber3eitige11 aiifJrer, ,,orembc tuärcn im fremben 2anbe." ~ 11 einem fJierauf gejailten !BejdJh1[3 erfannte bie ®tJnobe an, ,,bail es für bi:• @:riiillung ber grol)en ID?iiiion uniere!; .8ion in unferem ~anbe ein unafm:,eiß• (1areß !Bebürfnis iei, ein jofdies ~ollege au befi~en." oerncr gab fie ifJre .811• itimmung 311 bcm bon ID?artin angeregten \l3(a11, tuomögiidJ $100,000 auf3u• 6rinoen unb bieies @cfb ausnaljmßfoß 311r ounbicrung ber \13rofefiorcnge1Jäfter bes troilege au 6entt\len. !illofJer alicr forrte beiß @clb fommen '? $Darüber oe• fefJrt uns ein tueiterer !Ueidifu[3, bcr aiio Tautet: ,,!Befdilolfen, bieie ®ummc in fofgenber !illeifc auf3ubringen: 1) SDcm, ber $500 3u bicicm aonbs r,eiträgt, bieten IUir ein erlifid)es unb ucrfäuffidJeß Scholarship, b. IJ., bas crliHcf)e uni) bcrfäuffid')e !Jkdit immer1uälircnbcn ltntcrridits einc6 ®tubentcit mit bcn b::>!• Ccn !J1ed')ten unb \ßfliditen ber ®tubentcn, bie baß boile ®dJu(gefb 3af)Ien. 2 1 SDem, ber $100 au bieiem oonbs lieiträgt, liicten 1uir ein ei113eI11e.6 Scholarship.

b. {)., baß alec{Jt freien Hnterric!Jtß für einen ®tubentcn in einem bieriäfJtiOl'll Shtr[uß, elienfallß mit ben boIIen !llediten unb l,l3f!iditen ber ®tubenten, bie bas noIIe ®d}uigeib aaiiien." SDer angegebene !Betrag - $100 re[p. $500 - fon11tc ratcnlOci[e in einem 8eiitaume ·bon 5 ~afJren alilieaafJit tt1erbe11. ID1a11 ertuar• tete oe[limmt, baü. burd} bic[e gün[tioe11 !8ebingungen gefocft, aud} 1ueniger !8emitteite, bie i{Jre ®öfJne [on[t getuiü nic{Jt I.Jätten ftubieren Ia[[en, liereit fein tuürben, au bi'c[em gonbs lieiautragen. ~n bem 1865 liegriinbete11 @ e m e i 11• b e li I a t t, b e m §) r g a 11 b er ® tJ 11 o b e, tuurbe in einem lie[o11berrn ~rtifeI auf biefe ®c{Joiar[IJiPß unb im ~(11[d1Iuü baran auf bie fil\id1tiofeit einer grünblitfjen ®dJuTliiibung T.lingettJie[en. &in eigentiimiidJeß 2idJt fällt baliei auf bie <Stellung ber SDeut[dJen. 91ad1bem IierborgeIJolien tuorben, baü eß [idJ um eine dJriitficIJe &r3iefJung, eine &r3ie• Iiung in ber gurdit @otteß unb im @lau• lien an ben ~erm ~efum fJanbie, al[o um baß lie[te, 1uos ber !Bater ben fünbern fJinteria{[cn · fönne, tuirb bon ber fJÖIJeren !8iibung, bie man liietcn 1uoIIte, ge[agt, fic 6efäIJige au ehuaß mefJr alß elien bie ~(It 3u fü{Jren ober filmerifanern gegeniilier bcn gcIJor[amen SDiener 311 [picfen. ~m ~cd1it 1866 lieoann ber aum Sl'oT!cftantcn er• n1äfilte ®efretär bes !ßoarbs, \ßoftor <Sie• fer, umf1er3ureiien, um @cmcinbeglicbcr unb onbcrc mn iTJrc Ulfüwirfung on311fprc• dien. (tg Iiottc ben WnidJcin, als oli feine W?iiTJettJaitung t1011 &rfofg gefrönt jein foIItc; benn binnen fur3em luorcn in lffio, tcrtotun allein $10,000 ge3cid111ct. unb im ID1ör3 1_868 tuurben bic liiß bof1in erlangten 8eid111ungcn auf $64,000 oe3iffcrt. ll!uf. tlbam !Dlarlln. ~{uf eine ~Cnrcgung ID?ortinß f1in er• l!:rllet '.llra!lbent bet !lnllall. fJiclt bas <roIIegc ben 9iamcn „fil\isconfin llnibcrfittJ," einen 91amen, bcr in ben 8citungsan3ci11cn immer tuieberfcfirt, liis er. tuofJI um einer !Iler1uec{Jsfung mit bem aIIerbinos nodJ unocbeutcnbcn ~ll1abijon auß bem fil\ege 311 gelJen, geleoentiidJ ber !Ilerf1anbfunoen iilier ben Charter burdJ einen anbeten, ben unß geläufigen „91ortf1tueftem llniberfitt1" erfeut tuurbe. ~aü man bon einem <roIIege rebete, bie @riinbung bann alier llniber[ittJ nannte. fann nid1t ü6errafdJen; benn tuie nodJ {Jeute, [ef6ft in unfern oeriiIJmte[ten ~ocl1· fc{Julen burdJ bas ~neinanbergreifen ber llniberfität unb beß (roIIege ber Unter• id1icb a1uifd1en lieiben \Jcrtuiic{Jt tuirb. fo tuar baß cr[t recIJt in jenen stagen ber ~all. tuo maudie ®cI1ule eine Unillcr[ität Iiicü, bie, turnn tuir ben fJeuttgcn 9Jloil• ftali anlegen, nur ein fe{Jr fiimmerlid1es <roIIege IUtlt. ~n biefcr !Benennung

'l) i

~ 11 f

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fom rooIJC für ID1artin am beften 3um 2Cusbruct, bös e~ l)oTJes unb fiöcf.Jjtes er• ftrebte. ID1it ber OrtsroafJI erflärte er fidJ gfeidJ in ber erften !Boarbfitung, in ber er augegen roar, nidJt einberftanben. !ffieit ausfidJtsboller für feine lßlänc unb !ffiünfdJe erfd)ien if)m ID1ifmaufee, unb er mad)te baf)er ben !Borfd)Iog, baß eigent• fid)e lroICege nad) bort au berlegen unb nur bie !Borfdjuie unb baß (Seminar in !ffiatertotun au beioffen. @r erfJieit ben 2Cuftrag, mit ei11ffu5reidjen ID1ännern in ID1iiroaufee UnterIJanbfungen an3ufnüµfen befJufs @riangung bon $25,000 nebft ben @eoäuiidjfciten. mfein er ferJrte unberridjteter $Dinge aurüd; bie• ienigen, an bie er fidj roanbte, roaren roof)I roiICens, <5dJoiorff)ips au faufen, rooIC• ten aber nidJts bon einer !Beriegung roiffen. @benjo refurtatios berlicf eine 9teije, bie er fµäter untcrnafJm, um im Often bes 2anbes für baß lrollege au foI. fefticren. SDcr @:ljartcr ift bereits erroöfJnt roorben. @r rourbe bon ID1artin in ber ü6• ficfJen gcfprei3ten !nedJtßfpradJe ausgearbeitet unb am 11. (September 1866 in beutidJcr überfet,ung bem s;J3rotofoICbudJ bes 2Cuffiditsrats, ber nur 3\Uei <SteIIen. ft ricfJ, cinbericiot. SDem !ffiatcrtoroner Wbbofatcn ~llI rourbc er 3ur !BegutadJ• !11110 borgciegt, bodJ 3eigt beffcn troffung, bie enbgürtige, bie am 21. ID1ära 1867 uou bcr 2egiß(atur gebiT!igt rourbe, nur geringfügige ~tnberungen; bie geftridJc• ucn <5tc[cn rourben bennodJ aufgenommen unb auüerbem fieI bie frül)ere ~in• fcihmg 1ueg, in ber gejagt 1uurbe, bic <51)nobe bcaujid1tige, 3tuei bisf)er fomui• uicrtc Wnftarten, baS @5eminar 1mb bail @:o[egc, 3u trennen „unb fo bie @eiege;1. fJl'it 0m: (frfernung mannigfaltiger unb umfaffenber ~enntniffe unb einer grünb• ficficn mifl>ung 311 uermcf)ren." SDie „unter bem s;J3atronat" unferer <51)nobe ge• nrünbcte CSdiuic ift nadJ bem ~fJarter ein ~ollege, bodJ barf mit biefem @:oIIege riue morfd1ule, ein s;J3rel)aratorl) SDci,artmcnt, bcrbunbcn fein. 2CCs @:oICege ljat iic bail 9lccfJt, afabemifdJe S!::iteI 3u uerfeiIJen, bodJ barf fic babei unb aua, fonjt 11icmanbc11 „tucgen feiner oeionbcren reiigiöicn ID1einung" auilfdjiienen. SDie t1011 bcr <5tJnobe 3u 1uäCiienben strujtecs IJaoen roeitgef)enbe !Befugniffe: fie berufen bic SMJrcr, üucrtuadJen ben UutcrridJt u. f. tu. SDa bic brei <51)nobaiuifi• tatorcn fJi113ugefiigt rourben, fo roaren es bamaiil neun 5truftees, bie audj nam• TJaft gcmadJt roerben : ~. !Babing, lßIJ. Sl'öf)Ter, ~anieI Sl'ufeI, 2C. <5iefer, Sf. @nufe1uilJ, @. ID1al)erfJoff, @. morberg, @. stfiieic, Sl'. .medf)efer. !Borberg, s;J3ajtor ber ID1ottrJäusgemcinbe in ID1ihuaufee, Iöfte baib barauf feine !!3eroin• bung mit- bcr <51)nobe. !Bon bcn anberen \ßaftoren in biefer ,8af)I roeifcn nod) 31uei afil eIJrroiirbige @reije in unferer ID1itte, unb bic Warnen ber übrigen Ieben 3um steif in bcn ber <51)nobe bienenbcn CSöTJnen unter uns roeiter. ~Cbcr aud) bie 2aien ~ecf(Jefer unb stufeI forrtcn tuir in treuem @.cböditnis beroaTJren. fülfcI rourbe bas crfte ueratenbe @f)renmitglieb bes !lJoarb, eine Wus3eidJnung, bie ifJm um bes lßflicf)teifers unb ber Oµferro illigfcit tuiIIen, l:iie er afs @5dJatmcifter bie• fer !Beljörbe roie aucf} fonft geaeigt gatte, 3u teif tuarb. Wis biefer @:f)arter aur &nnafJme geiangte, oeftanb bie ~afuität aus llier 2e!J• rern, ID1artin, ~önede, Sl'artcnbrunn unb 5tf)ompf011, tuö'fJrenb bie CScf)iiicr30·1)r

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68 lietrug, h:Jobon nur 6-8, l:>arunter ·@rl:>mann \l3anfoh:J uni:> Dito ~ot)~r, für baß @Seminar borliereitet rourl:>en. !Bon einer @:ollegcfiaffe h:Jar nodJ feine 91ebc; l:>ie @5dJüier tuarcn aIIeiamt in l:>cr !l3oridiuie, l:>er jogenannten &fal:>emie, l:>ie einen l:>reijägrigen ~riuß gatte unl:> aucfJ bon IDläl:>dJen lieiudJt tuurl:>e. &ine IDlenge g:ät!Jer, unter anbeten audJ gran3ö\iidJ uni:> 5rrigonometrie, waren Iiier nadj einer ,8citungsan3eige s:!eIJrgegenftanl:>, unl:> es liiieli bcm ei113elnen- @5dJükr ülieriaifen, l:>ieienigcn O(idJer aml3uroäIJien, l:>ie für iIJll nadJ eigenem &rmeiien geeignet h:Jaren. !!Baß alier lieionl:>erß ljcrborgeljoiien luirl:>, iit l:>odJ l:>ics, l:>a!3 iidj gier für ieben eine jeitene @eiegcnijeit bot, iidJ l:>ie ~enntnis l:>er l:>cutidJcn @Spradje an3ueignen. S!)er ~eofogieprofeifor ID~oll:>eljnfe tuar 311gleidJ 2cIJrer l:>er !l3oridiuie, ia, 3cit• tueiiig tuar er fogar nelien IDlartin bet ein3ige 2eiirer. ~m @Sommer 1866 ic• bod) entfd)Ioü er fidJ, fein &mt niel:>er3uiege1t uni:> nacIJ 5neutidJianl:> 3uriicf3ufcIJ· ren, h:Jo .er \l3aftor in ~oIJamtisliurg an l:>er .poinifdJen @ren3e 1uurl:>e. ~11 einem tt>armen &m.pfeljiungß\cIJreilien, l:>as ifJn liegieitete, lieaeugt l:>cr !!ler1ual• tungßrat, er Iialie „mit aufo.pfernbftem g:feiü unb &ifer für l:>ie @rünl:>ung unb ~eliung ber &nftait unl:> an l:>er ~(ußliiil:>ung l:>er ,Sögiinge l:>es ®'eminarß 1111b l:>ei: !l3oi:liereitungßanftart gearlieitet." @Sein 9?acIJfoiger tt>ui:l:>e &l:>oif ~önecfe, \l3aftor in 3armington, l:>er iIJll id1011 einmal berti:eten gatte. S!)ieier erljielt alß ei:itei: l:>en S!:itel ~ n i i1c f t o r. ~f[ ß fo!djer rooijnte er mit feinet gamiiie in l:>em neuen @eliäul:>e, tuo er l:>en ~au~liett>oijnern gegeniilier l:>ie olierfte &utoi:ität ljatte. &r [Jatte l:>ic nötige 3 1ll{Jt unl:> Di:bnung ilT! ~auie audJ l:>ui:cf) @3trafeil aufredJt 3u erljalten unl:> fo1111te im äuüerften g:aIIe ,Sög!inge bis 3ui: nädJften !Boarl:>iiuung aus l:>em ~auic entfer• nen. &udJ er untcrridJtcte in l:>er !l3orjdJufe, liis er am &nl:>c \eines criten ~aI1· res (1866-67) auf feine !Bitte bon bieicr !l3eri,ffid1tung entliunl:>cn tumbe. @Sein !ffiunfdj, igm l:>en liisijcr aiß &dcrianl:> lienuuten \l3Iau bor l:>em ·~auie 311 m,er• Iaifcn, rourbc gerne gctt>äTJrt, uttl:> l:>a er ein außgeaeidJncter @ärtner 1uar, jo ent• ftanben gier ~foiagen, l:>ie man namentlidJ roegcn l:>er pr1idJtig~n 9loicn, t1011 benen l:>ie eine ieinen 9?amen trug, bieI lietuunl:>ertc. ,Sug!eicl) mit ~önecfc trat 91eb. s:!eroiß D. srriom.pion, ~L IDl., ahl Professor of Latin and History fein &mt an. @r luar l:>er Wacl)foiger @Seemannß, l:>er nadJ einer nur 3tt>ei S!:erms (WeuiaIJr 1866 liiß 3um ~aljres\dJiu!3) 1uäIJrenl:>en 5tätigfeit einem anbern !llufe gefolgt luar. S!:fJompjonß !l3orflilbung tuar feine iiliie. ~r gatte !8e!oit @:ollege mit ~(us3eidJ11ung ali!oiuiert (1863) uni:> tuar nadJ !Becnbigung \einer tljeoiogi\dJen @Stul>ien im Union nieo!ogicaI @Seminart) au Wett> IDorf nadJ l:>ort 3urüdgefeiirt, um, roas fiir eine &firung gart, flei l:>cm reuten Commencement hie Master's Oration au galten. ~ud) er freiiidJ liliefJ nur ein ~a[Jr. ijür l:>ie unteren füaffen ljatte man, elienfalls au !8eginn l:>es 3roeiten Stermß im erften @SdJuiiagre, in ~oIJanneß .fi'aitenurunn einen IDlnnn gett>onnen, l:>er fidJ fdjon tiorIJer alß 2eiter einer \l3tibaticfJu{e in !ffiatertolun lieroäijrt IJatte. &r

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IUurbe ber·\ßrin3ipaI ber !BorfcfJule unb blieb in biejcr @igenjcf)aft bis 1872 mit ber ~Cnftalt berbunben. SDa \l3rofeffor ~önccfc IJon bem UnterricfJt in ber !Borjcf)uie befreit IUorben luar, m11f3tc fiir @rfatl geforgt lucrben, unb man fanb ifJn in SDr. 5tgeobor ID?eu• 11101111, einem \l3aftor ber ®t)nobe, bcr bnmais in !13fatte1JiIIe ftnnb. ®cfJon in

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~önecfe unb lll1t HJm in !ll1olbe{Jnfe {Jatte man trefflidJe, in SDeutjcf)lanb gejcf)ultr Wfönncr ge1Uo1111en, bie mit jen~r 3ieI6e1Uuf3ten @riinblicf)feit borgingen, IUie fie nur boß b_cutfcf)e @t)mnafium fen11t. ~C6er biefer UnterricfJt IUar boc!} fiir fie nur eine !nebenbejcf)öftigung, iIJre cigcntlicf)e ~(ufgabe IUar ein~ anbere; I1ö6ere. ~ier nun IUar ein .QeIJr~r, ber biefeioe ausgeaeicf)llete ®cf)uie ,burcfJgcmad)t IJattc, b_er aber mm o{Jne ~ebenoeicfJ1iftigung feine gan3c fünft bem llnterricf)t in ben

arten @sprad)en, für ben er berufen tuurbe, tuibmen fomde. !Bon einem tlnter• rid'.jt für g:odgefdJrittenere fonnte freiiidj erft bie !Rebe fein, als in feinem atuei• ten SdJuliaTJre (1868-69) b i e u n t er ft e @: o II e g e fI a ff e, au ber bie obengenannten !Sd}üler ~anfotu unb ~ot)er gefJöden, eingericIJtet tuurbe. g:ögige Sdjüler, bie ~rebiger tuerben tuollten, fo Tautete bamals eine !Be• ftimmung, müffen ein !ßiertelia!Jr lang in ber &fabcmie englifd) treiben, bamit fie fögig tuerben, an bem @:ollegeunterridjt in ben arten Spradjen teil3uneIJme11. SDie Sdjüler ü6erfelJten alfo, tuie nacf; bem &usgefil!)rten nicI1t anbers au er• tuarten tuat, bie ~Iaffifer ins @nglif.dje. !ßon ben 95 ®dJüiern, bie im ®cIJul• ja!)re · 1.868-69 bie &nftalt 6efudjten, tuaren 73 :tagesfdJiiler aus fillaterto1u11 ober ber nädjften Umgebung, unb 110n biefcn tuaren bie meiften englifcIJer ober irifd)er mftammung. @s ift barum nidjt 3u bertuunbern, bai'3 ber UnterridJt im SDeutfd)en, n:,äglte ein ®d)üler biefes ijacIJ, fo erteilt tuurbe, bai'3 aud1 IJi~r bas @nglifd)e bie UnteqidJtsfpradje liilbete. SOaB alles tuurbe nun lialb anbcrß. @sd)on ber !8efd)Iu5 bes !8oarbß bor .!Beginn bes ScIJuiia!Jrs 1869....:...70, boi'3 i11 ber mabemie töglidj eine beutfcIJe 2elJrftunbe gegeben tuerbcn forrte, 3eigt, boi.l fidJ eine fillanblung anbagnt, aumal gleid)3citig bie 2clJrer ermöcI1tigt 1uurbc11, bie IateinifcIJen unb griccIJifdJeJt ®d)riftfteller im @:ollege ein3elne ~ermß l1i11• burd) ins SDeutfd)e überfelJen au laffen. Unb tuieber nad} einem ~oTJrc (~11ni 1869) tuurben für ben Unterric{Jtßgong im @:ollege fogar fo[gcnbe !8eftimmungen getroffen: 1) ,,SOas SDeutfdje folI in ber &fabemie obligatorifcIJ fein fiir olle '5c{Jüler; nur bieienigen fönnen babon ent6unben nierben, beren @Ttcrn fdiriit• Iid) barum einfommen. 2) filler ben &nforberungen im SDeutfcIJen nidit geniiot, tuirb nidjt in baß @:ollege ~ufgenommen. 3) filler 6ei ber !Jleife in allen ülirigen g:äd)ern ben &nforberungen im SDeutfc{Jen nic{Jt entfpricIJt, foII gegolten fein, iid'.J baß SDeutfd)e in -ber IJ!fabemie bis au bem geforberten @rabe an3ucigncn. 11) g:ür bieienigen IJ!fabemiefd)üler, tuelc{Je ficIJ für baß \ßrebigtamt borbcrciten 1uof• Ien, beftimmeni bie 2egrer ber IJ!nftart ben Stunbenplan." .!ffienn eß auc{J nic{Jt außbrücllicIJ gefagt loirb, fo liegt bodJ am !itage, baü 11u11 im altfprad)Iid)en· Unterridjt bas SDeutfdJe bie ÜlierfeJJungßf.pracIJc ·fein foll, 11nb tuenn burdj bie Iette !Beftimmung ber fiir bie '5l)nobe tuid)tigften @ScIJiiiergrup.pe bie fillaglfreigeit gan3 genommen tuirb, fo ift beutficIJ, baü ·baß @:ollege gan3 anbers als bisger bem Seminar bi_enen foU, tuo. beut[dje lßrcbiger für beut[cIJc @emeinben außgebiibet rourben. @infdJneibenbe inberungen,. bie getuib 3itm !iteil il.lre @rffärung in bem ~ommen !Ineumanttß finbeJt. IJ!oer eben nur aum ~eil. fillir bürfen in biefem 8ufammen~ange nic{Jt an einer aui'3erorbentlidJ tuic{Jtigen @ntfcfJiiei'3ung ber ®tJ· nobe t>orübergegen, mit ber biefe in ein neues ®tabium trat unb-bie audj für i!Jr IJ!nftaltßtuefen bon groüer ~ragtueite tuar. .!ffiir gaben ber beutfc{Jlänbifd)en filereine· gebacIJt, bie, tuie man gerne be• fannte, burd) 8ufenbung guter ~ä~e unb mancIJer @elbmittel bie @st)nobe au be~ gemad)t gatten, tuas fie ·tuar. IJ!oer bies tuaren Iut'f)erifc{Je !!Jereine inner• ~alb ~e~ Union, unb barum tuurbe bie @St)nobe t>on feiten i,entjdjiebener 2utlJe•

•räncr 1' her getic\men imionsfrcunl>IidJen @efinnung lJefdJuibtgt, 1nurbe ifJre !Be• fenntnistreue ·oeftritten, 1nurl>e fie als eine unlutgerifdJe ®t)nobe oeaei<f}net. St>ie ®t)nobafen litten, lnie bic ~aljresbcrid}te aeigen, fdJlner unter biefen &nf<f}uI• bigungen, 1nennglei<f} fie biejeloen immer mit ®tiI!fcfJlneigen beant1norteten. ,i)at• ten fie bocfJ niemals ein ~cIJI baraus gemad)t, ban fic 6efenntnistreue ßutgera• ner fein 1nolltcn. &ocr bie 5tatfadJe blieb: tJor 1867 ljatten fic nie nacf) aunen Iiin ein unumlnunbenes 8eugnis gegen j_cbe ßeljr• unll !l3erfaffungsunion abgt• fegt. m!as fie namentlidJ babon aurüctgieit, 1nar l>as @efüljI ber ~anf6arf:?it gegen treue ~reunlle, l>ie immer lnicber in ber 91ot gego(fen gatten. 9)en un• mitteI6aren Wnlaä nun au einer cntidJiebeneren ®terrungnaljme gaben, fo fd}eint es, einerfcits bic &inigungs6ejtrc6ungen IJiefigcr ®t)noben, anbrerfeits bie, !l3er• Iiöftniife in SDcutidJlanb, 1uo in bcr neurn · \13robin3 ~annollcr treufutrJcriidJc \ßrclli• ger cntlaHcn 1uurbcn; man fürdJtete, baf3 fdiTicüiidJ ii6crarr bic Union &ingang fin• bcn luiirbc. SDas 8cugnii.l fam, fam e6cn in l>icicm ~afJre 1867. ~(6cr cß lnar aus 91iirfjidJt auf bic arten ~rcunbe bcr ~orm nadJ miibc, ia, man gfaubtc jogar· auc!J 1ucitctfJiit bic ßicbcsbienftc biefer !l3creine nnncfJmen 3u .fönncn, bie es tJermittertcn, baf3 ficfJ proteftil'renbe ßutfJerancr inner• fiaHi llcr µreuüiicfJen ßanllesfirdJe in bcn Si)icnit bcr IutfJcriidJen fürdJe unfers ßan• bcß itcuten. ~.C6cr bcr !Berliner !l3erein iafJ llie ®adJe anbers an. &r befragte feine mangcHJaftc @abc, bic @eiftcr au nnterfdJeiben, unb fagte fidJ in feinem ,,~f6fdJieb bon ber m!isconiinft.Jnobe" bon biejer los. SDamit lnaren bic IDe3ieIJunge11 ctnlor !Mi. !lllUT!IQiiufcr. 3u SDcittfdJianb, luie fie bisIJer Iieftanl>en, '.llaftor bcr <!lnabengem. au !IJ!ll11Jaulee. aiigebrocfJcn. &s Iäät fidJ benfcn, lnie lnc• nig man ausridJtete, als man nodJ im ~uii 1868 eine &ingaoc an ben preuüi• fdJcn (){JerfirdJenrat mad1te, lnorin um bie fälligen 8infen ber 3um oeften bes <Seminars erljobencn ßanbesfollefte gebeten 1nurbe. ·. SDagegen lnurbe nun bas !8erI1äitnis au !miffouri ein freunbiicfJes, ljeraiicfJes. · Unb aiß,oafb taudjte bie ~rage auf, ob es nicfJt mögiicfJ fei, bie beiberfeitigen &n• Halten au berbinben: mit bereinten ~räften lnollte man etltJas @rofJes für b,e @focfJe bes ~errn unb unfere ffircfJe tun. SDas <Seminar follte nömlicfJ mH bem• jenigen ber IDliffourift)nobe bereinigt lnerl>en, unb mit ~inau3ief)ung bieIIeicfJt · ber lnor1neger unb anberer ljoffte man bann, biefe &nftaft in einer m!eife aus• bauen au fönnen, llan alles geboten lnilrbe, lnas bon einer beutfcfJen Uniberfität „tljeoiogifcfJen steil!!" geforbert lnirb. SDie ~(nftart in m!atertoron aber foIIte

~ic ~(nfiingc.

aI!l ijoige l>icieil gcmeiniamen fil\irfenß „ein I:,Iil(Jenl>eß, cinf!11fireidJeil @ IJ_m• n a f i um IUcrl>en." @in a11ß !Bertretern lieil>er <5\)nol>en lie1tefJenl>eil ~onntee arlieitcte einen \l3Ian aus, 1Uonad1 ein llon l>cr ilniifouriitJnobe ge1uäIJltcr unb 6ejoil>etcr \l3rofeifor in ~aterto1un angefteIIt 11111> ein uon ber 5illißconi\JIIOl>e ge• 1UäC1Iter 1111b ocjoil>etcr stl1c0Iogici,rofeifor nadJ <St. s:!onis ge,icml>t lucr~en ioiltc. ~djiiicr aus l>cm Sl'rcife l>cr IDliiiouriflJnol>c foUten unter bcn gictdJcn !Be• l>ingungen mie l>ieicnigcn ber fil\i.ßconfinitJ11obc ~(11fnoTJmc finben, lt1öfJrcnb in et. s:!oniß l>ic <Stul>cntcn unfercr 61J11ol>c, 1uoß bie 0011 l>er @:S1Jnobc 6cjtrittcnl!n U,iteriialtnngßfoften anlangt, gcIJaltcn 1ucrl:ic11 foiften. IUic bie mijjomifdJcn Stul>cntcn. · Sl)ai3 l>iefer \l3Ia11, ber 0011 unieret @:SIJnobc am 31. 9Roi 1869 11111> llon bcr · ID?iifourif1Jnol>c im ®cptemlier 1869 0110~· nommen murbe, mit bcn oor(Jin cr1uöfJ1i• ten ~tnl>enmgcn im ll11tcrrid1Hllictricu im• fercr ®dJnic im .811fcu1111ie11Tin110 jlcIJt, gcTJt mit 3icmlidJcr ®idJcrfJcit hornuß (Jcruor, l>aü l>ic bctreffcnbc moarl>ii\!11119 1111b icnc @:SIJ11obalucriammiu11g 3citlidJ foft J11fnm• mcn fairen. SDieic ~l'.nbcrungen 1uarc11 alicr l:icr crik ®dJritt 011r !l3cr1uirflidJu11g bcß fü11c11, l:in?, man anftrelitc. SDcnn ehuoß 9k11cß 1unr es, 1uem1 man 111111 l>n~ be11!idic @1J1111rnfi11m fd1lcdJHJi11 311m ID?u[tcr 1111b !l3orlii lb na(Jm. <So em\Jianb cß a11dJ \.l.llartin, bcr l>em QJoarb gcgcnü6cr erfförtc, er miiih' uorfommcnl>en garfcß llor @cridJt {1cidJtUli• rcn, bau l>ie ~Cn[tait, 1uie fic 1uerbc11 [olk ni.d)t baß iei, luaß l>en ®dJiilcrrcdJtßin(Jn• bcrn bcr[prodJcil jei. @ß luurbc l>ngcgcn '1toltll0f, l!lb. .\)otntdt• gcitenl> gemadJt, bau l>ie ~Cnftait ja b~n . e1,atu·~l)O~ bei !l:b"coloAIC. 91nmen [orfcge beTiaitc, baü ein enoiiidicr lßrofcifor angcftcrft 1111b alle!! l>ail getrielicn lucrben ioII!e, 1uaß in einem omc, rifa1~iidJen ~ollcgc getrieben iuerl>e. IDlan faTJ feinen @runb, rocßTJalli @:Sd11uic• rigfeiten erlUadJien iorrten. ~Clicr baß änbert bodJ nidJtil l>aran, bai.l bieß nidJt 1_11eTJr IDlartinß ~l>eal, nidJt ~neIJr baß urf priingiidJc ~beaI 1uar. greilidJ nmbtc audJ ID?ai:tin 311geocn, baü unter l>en neuen !!3ediäCtniifen l>ic 2eiitungsfäCJig• feit bcr <Scf)uie, unb l>arauf fam bodJ aICeß an, gefjo6en IUiirbe. ~ucfJ bic 2eTirfteTfung ber ®IJnol>e luar nidJt meTJr bie feine. ·~Clil l>ieie fSGS erffärte, fic uerlllerfc arfe 1mb iel>e ~menl>mafJiil• unb S1'anJelgemei11fdiaft mit ~rr, t.tnl> 2fnberßglö11liige11, l>a erTioo er bagegen iinfprudJ mit ber !!3cgriin• bung, l>ie Iiicfigc f11tr)crifdJe SfirdJe fei eine IDliffionsfird)c unb barum l>iirfc man bem \l3rel>igcr feine <Steine in bcn ~eg legen. !illic er 11111 bicfer ®terfung lUiI•

'l: i C

~( II

f ä II O C.

111

Icn aus bem ®t)nobaiberuanb fd1ieb, fo tnurbe er aucfJ ()jtern 1869 feini!s Wmtcs an bcr Wnftalt cntTJoben. (tr rourbe fJierauf Professor of the German Language and Literature am lßennltJlbania t;!:oUege 3u @ettt)!lourg 1111b ergidt ipöter ben :ititeI Doctor of Divinity. Wl!l er 1898 in bcn !nuTJeftanb trat, 309 rr nadJ \J?ctu .\':lallen, lronn. ; er erfreut fidJ nodJ immer ber beften @efunbf)ei't. !Bafb barauf, nadJ nur einjörJrigcr 2ef)rtötigfeit, tledien ~Cmos (fofterbat) · bie m:njlalt. 31ucite \Uröfibcnt ber 9!nita!t, 1ourbe .2eluis ber o Wlarti11!l 91adJiolger, a(f unb bcr je1Jt fJ011ptfödjiidJ ben UnterridJt in fennen bereig 1uir ben S!:6ompf011, bcr !Ueru fung eines cngiiid1en lßrofeHori.l !l3on iibernafJm. ber W?atricmatif an (tafterbatJi.l ®teffc ja(J man ab. Wlan tuorrtc einen ben neuen !l3erIJöltniHen ge1uacfJfenen bcutfd1cn W/01111, ber in @Iaubeni.leinigfeit mit ber ®t)nobe ftanb. ~?an muflte baI1ei audJ an llic \J?cubcje~11110 bell ~nfµeftorafä benfen, ba \l3N• icffor ,\iönccfc fiir bie neucinocriditctc lßroiclfur ber ®t)nobe im Seminar 311 <St. 2ouiß autlerfe!Jcn 1011tbe. SDic !!Ba(Jf, bie aui lßnjlor 9(ugufl ~rnjt in 9((60111), lnelu IDorf, fiel, tuar l'inc öu[lerft gliiclfidJe; fd1on 11ad1 !l3er!auf loenioer Monate gab ber !l3erluaI• hmo~rat bcm neuen lßrojcfior 1111b ~nii1cftor aui ber St)nobafberfammiung bn6 .Scugni ~, er Iialic jidJ a[ß „eine in• jellcr ~infidJt tiid1tioe 2e[Jrfraft" erroie, il·n. (Hicnfaffß feit bcm meoinn llicjrß ®d1uljnfJrcß (l86D-70) 1uirftc „mit trclll'ln ß frii3 unll gutem @efd)icf" an llcr 9fnfla(t llcr tlon ber Wliifourifl)nobe oejnnblc mrojefior 5!ll. ®teff6om, unb fo fJntte unjer ~offege ie1Jt - tuas fann I1r3l•icTJm•nber fein fiir llcn lhnfd11u11ng, ller eingetreten 1unr '? - llrei beutfdJe ~cf) rrr 1111b 11nr nodJ, jef1c11 loir tlon Startenbmnn ab, e i 11 e n cngliidJen lßro, iriior. B=rei!idJ 1uöre nodJ \ßajtor ~rbc!6cro 311 nennen, ber lnad1fo(ger bes nadJ ~1ifluaufce tlcr0ogenen ~röieS 5!3allino; er iiocrna(Jm, ofinc eine !l3ergütung JU 6canfpmd1en, ben e110Iifd1e11 91ciioionfümterridJt. 9({,er bnfiir yatte man 0111:fJ fiir llen beutidJen 9Mioio11s1111terrid1t eine beil111l>ere Sl'raft, benn er mürbe, eben• fnUS 1mcntgeltlid1, uon ~- ®trafen, jßajtor llcr 111ifiourifd1en @emeinbe, erteilt. 9fudJ \ßrofcHor ~önecfe llerblie6 nndJ bcm !!Begganoe ber 6 ®eminariften (Wför.i 1870) nodJ längere 8cit in ber ~.!nftalt, l>a bie fiir l>ie \ßrofeffur in St. 2ouii.l nötigen @cfbmittc[ 11id1t 6efd1afft lucrllen fonnten. [r Ieijtete jdJiie[Jiid) einem 9h1fc l>er ®t. mattf)öusgemeinbe in ID1ihuaufec ~ofge (1870). 8eigt a(jo audJ llie !!BafJI llcr 2ef1rer, bafl bem Sl)cutjd)en eine gan.i anbere ®terruno eingeröumt lourllc a(s bisfJcr, fo fam bics bod} feineslueos in bem tlon :'.t(Jomfon berfafltcn Stataiog, bem erflen ller eridJien, 3m11 ~(usbrucf. m!o(Jf rebet er einer !!3erbinl>ung l>er beutidJen Unterrid1tsmetr1obe mit bem ..~merican ®tJflem" llas !!Bort, aber nirgenlls tuirb ben befteTJcnben mer[Jöltnifien !nedJ• nuno getragen; fein ®tubienl,Jfon ift bic anjtanb.sToie ~eriibernafJme eineß ®dJC• mas, loie es fidJ bamaTs in allen c11glifd1e11 t;l:offeges cingeoiirgerj gatte. SDrei SDCl,lartmcnts T1at barnadJ bie ®d1uie, ein \ßrCl,larafortJ (brei ~af)re), ein ~of, (egiate (tlier ~a(Jre) unb ein @;cientific SDel,Jartment (tJier ~aTJre), tmb ller ~6i• tnrient erf)ölt je nacf)bem bcn :ititcI !BadieTor of 9(di.l ober !BadJeior of @;cience.

~ic 9111fii11oc,

8tt>cifelloß gofftc $t{Jompfon, bafi nclien bcm @t)mnafium, ber „beutfdJcn ~CfJ. tci!ung", b o n b c r c r n i dJ t l3 f a g t, ein rein englifdjeß ~ollegc, tuie er cß gett>if3 tnünfdjte unb tnoate, tneiter beftegcn 1ucrbc. IDfü bcr beutfdJen Wli• teiiung gatte er IUenig au tun. ~iir fic gatten bie beutfdjen \ßrofefforen im ~!uftraoc bcß !aoarl>s (!nooembcr 1869) l>en 2efJrpfan ausgearbeitet. Sie (Jat• , ten l>abei baß \ßrogramm eines µreuäifdien @t)mnafiums au @runbe gefegt unb bcm @;ng!ifdjen madjten fie nur eine ~onaeffion: bei ben am @;nbe iel>eß sterms ftattfinbenl>e11 öffentlidJett \ßrüfungen 1uurben IJott ifJren ®dJilfern fatcinifdJe ober griedjifdje mT,fdjititte 311nädJft inll SDcutfdJe, bann alier bom SDeutfdJen ins . . @nglifdje ilberfelJt. &uf ber ®l)nobaiberfammiung l>iefcß ~af)rcs, l>ie, luic 1uir jogicidJ fiören IUerben, eine für baß Wnftaitlltuefen tt>idJtige @;ntjd)eil>ung bradite, tuurbe c6en• fal_ID fo unterfdjieben: es gibt eine l>eutfdJe tmb eine enolifdJe ~mteiiuno. !Bon ber beutjdjen (@l)mnafium) tt>irl> gefaot, fie l>iene als !Borbereitunosanftalt bei\ !ßrebigerfeminarll außfdJiiefiiid) l>er fürdie unb fei barU111 auf bic 2ielicßgab~n l>er · @emeinben angetniefen. SDie engiijdJe mT>teihmg l>aoeoen jolle fidJ burd) bie ®djuigeibcr unl> bie 8infen ber außoeiiegenen ®diiiferrcdJtßgelber icf6ft erfjarten. ~n biefer mleife gat 31~m erften ID?al bic bcibcn &nft(!ltß31ucigc f!ar 1111::i beutridj außeinanl>er oeIJaltcn ein ID?emorinf, baß \l3rofeflor @:rnft bcm !Uonri:i im ~alJre 1870 IJorlcgte. ~mer 1uäIJrenb er bei bem ~Cußbruct enolifd)c ~m. teifuno an eine eng!ifd)e !BorfdJufe mit einem fidJ anfdilicücnben enoiifcficn Gfol• lege benft, tuie es ben ®dJüicrredJtllinliabern in ~CusfidJt oefterrt iuar, r,at 111011 auf ber ®l)nobe offenbar liei jenem ~Cusbru:f nur bie !BorfdJufe, bic ~Cfabc111ic im ~uge, jofern fie faft ausid1IicüfidJ IJon ®dJiiicrn tmb ®dJiiferinncn uidit• beutfd)er ~erfunft, bic fidJ auf irgenb einen rocltiidJen !Beruf IJoruereitctcn, I1e• fudjt IUarb. Unb aud) fie forcte jelJt - fo luo!Iten es ma11d1e - fallen. SDall l'Jing nun freiiidJ mit ber traurioen finan3iellen s:!age 3ufa111111en, llic, mef)r ober IUeniger fdjon immer borl'Janben, fidJ feit 1870 fo IJer[dJiimmcd · l'Jatte, bau man bie Wnftalt mit einem Iectgeiuorbenen ®diiff IJergfidJ, baß nnr nod) mit ID?ü{Je unb !not über mla[fer gefiarten lnerben fönne. ornoen 1uir, tt>ie eil baIJin fam, fo tuerbe11 ber @riinbe meIJrcre angegeben. SDer !Raum für ®d)iiierlUognungen reidJte ttidJt nuß, unb fo befdifoü .man, ein fdjiid)tes .. ~ramegeuäul>e" au errid)ten, baß im ~crbft 1868 fertio baftanll unb fofort bon einer WnaaIJI ®d)üier ue3ogen 1uurbe. Um bieicluc Seit tuurbe ein 30 Wtfer entriaitenbell ®tütf 2anb, baß an baß Wnitartßorunbftütf anore113tc, au bcm ~reife oon $6,475 für bie 2fttftalt angefauft. !Befonberc 2Cusgaben, roie biefe, IUaren ein @runb. Unb ein anbercr roar „bas !BorIJanbenfein b.?r foibigen ®d)oiarf{Jiµß." m!ir görten, ban auf biefc ml"eife ein .. ~nbott>ment ß=unb" gefdJaffcn 1uer• ben follte, unb baü in ß=olge ber '.iuitigfcit ®iefers uercitß eine anfefJniid)o Summe ge3eid)net tnorben iuar. Wuer 8eicf)nen Iiciüt nod) nidJt 8afJicn. ~äu• Hß nrnrbeq 8~rtifüat~ mit l>em ~~fµdJ~tl (11\ l>~•l !801-1r~ 3müq~~ignbt, ma1l möo11

bie ~n{Jaber bon i{Jren !Berpflid)tungen entliinben. llnb lDo bas nid'Jt gefd'Jag, IUaren bie ~ngaber bielfadJ aunerorbentlid'J fäumig in ber ~rfüllung ber ein• gegangenen !Berbinblid'Jfeiten. IDfü IUeTd'Jen @id'jlUierigfeiten man au fämpfen T)atte, ge{)t a. !8. baraus T)erbor, bai3 ber ~nTJaber eines ,,$erpetuaI ®d'}olar• f(Jip" ($500) bittet, man möge HJm fein ,8ertififat IUieber abnegmen, ba in reiner @egenb eine @emeinbe gegrünbet unb ein $aftor berufen lDerben folle unb er bas @e[b barum nid)t entbcIJren fönne. &ud) bie .Sinfen bon ben ber• fauften @Sd'jüferred'}ten blieben oft aus, unb IUas igr !IDegfall bebeutete, erfiefJt man barauß, bai3 in ben IDlonaten bom ~uii 1868 bis aum 1. ~anuar 1869 $2,900 .Sinfen fällig tuaren. @erid)tiidJ gegen bie .5.!äjfigen boraugegen, ba• tion fa{) man aus naTJeliegenben @rünben ab. 60 fam ,eß, ban bie 2age fd'Jon im ®ommer 1868 fo fritifd) tuar, ban ber !8oarb, um einen .8ufammenbrud) au ber[Jilten, $räfeß !8abing um feiner anerfannten 51::üd)tigfeit lDil;Ien brin• genb aufforberte, fid> ga113 unb ungeteilt, mit &ufgabe feines $farramteß, bem ,,&gentur, unb Stolleftengefd)äft" au lDibmen. 6d'}Iiei3Iid) rourbe ~err 2(uguft @lamm, !IDatertotun, ber, tuie fein !8ruber @eorg, regcß ~ntere[fe an llem @ebei{)en ber &nftart nafJm, aum SM!eftanten ertuägft. IDlit bem ~in• jammern milber !Beiträge für bas 6eminar unb ben ~ausbau folDie ber fälli• gen 8 infen unb S1'apitafien betraut, biente er 1868 unb 1869 ber ®ad'}e mit streue unb [Qingebung. 51::rofJbem bficben bie St'Iagen, blieb bas SDefiaü. ~sl jtnnb fo fd>Cimm, baf3 \l3räfcß !8abing im IDlai 1870 im @emeinbebiatt fdJtie'&: .. SDer !Uertualtungsrat tuirb jidJ auf ber näd)ften ®l)nobafberfammlung genö• tiot jefJen, ber eIJrtuürbigen ®l)nobe fein 2{mt unb bie ®d}lii[feI ber &nftart in bic ~önbe aurilcf3ufege11, aber er 1uirb es mit bem !8efenntnis tun, ban lDir nn ber [Qer3fo[igfeit unb llntätigfeit unjerer eigenen @Heber untergegangen finb." ~s ergreift uns aufs ticffte, l'Denn er {Jin3ufügt: ,,@So gebe benn, lDenn C5 nidJt anbers fein joll unb gefJen fann, ber 4?err St-raft, bie ®d)mad) unb Sl::riibfa[ 311 tragen. ~r aüd)tioe uns, aber Ia[fe es nid)t gar aus mit uns jein." SDas tuar aifo ber 4?auptgrunb, tues{)ar& eß ba{Jin gefommen tuar: abge• fel)en bon einigen riiI>mlidJen Wusna{)men, IUar bie Unterftüvung ber &nftalt burdJ f r e i lu i I r i g e .5.! i e b e ß g a b e n bon feilen ber @emeinben eine äuüerft biirftige unb u113ufänglid)e. $Darüber tuirb bon 1865 an immer IUie• bcr gefragt: IUilrben uns bod) bic @emcinben unb $aftoren nid)t im ®tid'Je laffen! Unb bod) tuäre @c(b in ß:üIIc bage1Uefen, IUenn ieber ~mmunifa nt ber @ebanfc tuirb einmal ausgejprodJcn - nur 50 ~ents iä'fJriid) für biefcn fioIJen unb T)errlidJen ,8roecf geopfert T)ätte. 5.!)enn ein foid)er IU<lr eß bod'J, ift es bodJ. mas fagt aud) \l3rofeffor ~önecfe feinen Iieoen @emeinbebiattiefern in fd)Iid)ten, aber au 4?er3en gefjenben !filorten fura bor ber ®l)nobafberfamm, lung, in m!orten, bie. fjeute fo gut @eitung gaben, lDie bamais. ~in Iutgeti• fd)er ~IJrift, fd)rcibt er, rönne gar nid)t anbers, als feine ~reube gaben an fo!• c!Jen ~{nftalten, ,,bie ®prad)en unb !iliffenfcfJaften pflegen in dJtiftiid)er !IDeife nt1b n1d'Jts pnber~ fµcqen pTs all~ @pben b~s @~iftes ~~in !netd'J~ @Sott~ bi~nft·

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6at 3u madJen." @in 2utricraner fönne gar nidJt anbers, ,,afß fidJ fJcr3IidJ foldJer ~foftaiten freuen mtb mit ~reuben an iTJrem lilladJfen 1111b @ebeiIJen fJelfen, 1uenn er auf feinen lieben SDoftor 2utrJcr fieljt, toie ber fo ocflillen 1uar, fo!dJe &nftalten ins 2e6.cn 3u rufen, mie ber fo gar fJodJ adJtcte lffiii\en 1111b @elefJrfamfcit, 1uie ber fo . gar oercbt rüfJmt bieienigcn, bic 311r ~(ufridJhmo geicljrtcr ®d)ulen bie ~anb anlegen." @s luerbcn bann einige @Hellen angc• fiifJrt aus 2utljers ljerrlidJet ®dJrift „Wn bie !RatsfJerrn aller ®töllte bentidJcn 2anbß: bafi fic dJriftiidJe @5dJuien aufridJten unb TJaiten foIIen." @So fJeiüt eß ba: ,,@So Iieo nun afs uns baß ~bangelion ift, fo .r,art laut unß ii6er ben @Sprad)en ljaften. · SDe11n @ott fJnt feine ®d1rift nidJt umjonjt allei11 in bic 31uo ®prad1en fd1rei6en lafien, bas arte :iteftament in l:iie fJc6räiid1c, bas neue in bic gricdJifdJe. Unb fout uns baß gefagt fein, bau luir baß @bangeiio11 nidJt luol l't • IJaltett on bie @Sprad1en. SDic @SprodJcn finb bie ®d1eibe11, barin bis W?eifcr bes @eiftß ffürt; fie fittb ber ®dJrcin, barinnett 111011 bis .füci• nob trägt . .. .. ia, 1uo luirs ucricTien, bnf; 1uir (ba @ott iiir fci) bic @SprndJen fnren Iof• fen, fo 1uerbe11 luir nidJt allein boß @un1111cIion beriicren, fonbcrn luirb nudJ enbfidJ i:ln• [Jitt geraten, bau lt1ir lueber Intciniid) uodJ bcutjcfJ red1t rcbcn ober ldirciocn fiinnen." 811111 @3dJiuü mafint ~önecfc: ,,~TJr, bic if1r idJon rcidJfidJ bargercidJt, faljrct fort! ~fJr, bie Hir IiisTier 1ucnig eurer ~(nftalt ocbnd1t Iia6t, 1uenbet eudJ nun in Hirer 9lot mit 1uil• Iigem ~cr3e11 unb bereiten .\iönbcn iTJr 311 ! ~IJt, bie ifJt meint, 11id1t Iic!fen 311 fi.i1111e11, bittet, bnü es eudJ gegeben 1uerbe ! ~a, nTfc laut uns bic @rfialtung unfcrer ~(nftalt er• 6itten. ~(cf), lUO lllir bies ernftrid) llllll auf• 'llrof. l!rrolll %flomiilon. ridJtig tmb in frö(JlidJem @Ia116e11 tun - lllir 1uerben mit !!3er1Utmbenmg feIJcn, 1uie IcidJt uniere 1uanfc11be11 ~(nitalten t1or bem ~aIIe ociuafJrt IUcrbcn fönnen, unb 1uerbe11 tmß freuen bes, luas @ott unß gelingen unb ausridJten Heu." ®eine lffiorte unb bie nid)t minber luarmen bes l,ßröfcs, bie er 6ei ber @r• öffmmg bcr ®t)nobe fprad), fielen auf fruditoaren !Uoben. ~ine l!Jerminbe, rung bcr of)neIJin ffcinen ®dJar ber mit ~frI,eit ü6erlajteten 2cfJrcr 1uurbc fat1111 crnftiid) erroogen. ID?an roolite fidJ bodJ audJ nidJt burdJ bie ~reige6igfeit bcr norroegifd)en @Iaubensgenofien 6ejd)ömen laffen ober burdJ mattdJe ®eftcn• gemeinfd)aften, bie, bis baIJitt aIIer luiifenfdJctftiid'.Jen !Biibung aoTJolb, 111111 bic lllotloenbigfeit einer foldJen für iTJre \ßrcbiger crfannten unb bnrnm ~1mbert• tau ienbe fiir iTJre fiöI1cren ®d1uien opferten.

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WudJ l>er @el>anfc, l>ie filfal>emie in l>em eben gefe11n3eidJ11eten Sinne nidit Iönger flei 0ubefJalten, luurl>e obgeluiefen: man lJobe fie, f)iei3 es, ben SdJüler• rcdJHlinfJobern llerfprodJen, unl> aui3erl>c111 foite fie IUeniger als fie einbringe. IDi~fJer Ijotte l>ie ®t)nol>e unbemitterten SdJiifern nidjt nur freien Unter• ridJt 1111l> freie m3oljnung, fonl>ern oud1 freien Untcr~ort (Qfoföftigung, Sl'feil>ung 11. f. 1u.) gc1uöfJrt, unl> man fdJricli es nidJt 3uTcut l>iefem l.lmitanbe au, l>of3 l:>o!:1 S!)cfi3it fo groi3 IUor. SDos fJörte 111111 auf: l:>ie Sorge fiir feinen 1.tnterf)alt ii6crliei3 111011 l>cm cin3cf11e11. SOcr lueitouß 1uidJtigfle IDefdJfuü o6er luor, l:>013 t1011 nun 011 iiifJrlidJ $4,500 - bo{I foftete, 1uie man 011sredJ11ete, l:>omors ber !!Mtieb ber fil(nitoit - burcfJ freiiuiffige 2iebcilgaben in l>en @emeinl>en oufgebrodJt 1uerl>en jorrten. @ott rrformte fidJ, fo jdJrirb [10Ib l>orouf bo{I @cmcinbclifott, iilicr IDitten unb ~offen ll(•r füitc l>cr fil(nflort: er gab lßrel>igern luic illc11tcinbeo[1georbnctcn luiffige ~er• Jen. 9~idits lllor erfrc11Iidicr unl> errnu• tiornl>cr fiir bic, l>ie bißfJcr mit Wuhucn• b111tll nUcr S't-raft 011 l:>cm Wuf6011 l>cr E di11[c grorlieilet fJotten, ofs bie Cfötmii• ti nrl'i t mit brr l>ie gon3e StJnol>c e~ nuß• i111wri: mit @.lotteß .~ilfe 1uorren wir bic ~rnf10'. I auf ml)t cr!Joftcn. 6ie gingen hi11lt1('!J mit l>em €fmVfinl>rn : 111111 fJot bn-:, (foffcge oufgefiört 311 fein, 1uoß cß io oit tuor - ,,ein fünl> l>er Sorge." llnb 1uirffidJ: idJon bcr fofnenl>c StJ• m1bnllicrid1t idJfögt einen 00113 011bcre11 Xo n an. SDo iit 1Jo11 l>en crfrrnfidJjtrn ß'.ortjdJrittcn, llon einem nrncn ®tobi11111 bie 91cl>e, in boß l>ie ~(nftoft getreten iei. ,);>cr3ficfJ 1uirl> l>cn @emcinl>cn gcl>onft, 'llrof. '.l:r. !l:fico. !Dlcumann. fiir l>ie 2ie6e, bic iic bicfcr ifJrcr fiöfiercn 6 cfJnfc cr1uicicn, mtl> 311111 ~dJfui3 {Jeif3t es: ,,9hm, lieben l!.lriiber, einen gfüt• fligeren lScridJt fJoben 1uorir biejcnigen, bie mit ber mcriuolhmo ber ~(nftort lie• front geluefen finb, feit !l:JcftefJcn bcrfcHien ii6er i~rc 8nitönbe 1111l> merfJäftnifie nidJt olifcgen fönnen . ... . m3ir 1t.1offe11 uns borum fomt 1111b ionbcrs ber nnß crluiefenen @uabe unfercs @ottcs uni> feines reidJcn ®egenß f)cr3fidJ freuen ttnb ~ljm bofiir oufridJtio l>onf6ar fein; ja, es joff uns feine unllerl>icnte 2ie6e nnl> !BnrmfJer3igfcit, bic er unfcrcr teuren .2cfJronftoft er3eigt f)ot, um fo mefJr antreiben, mit 211ft unl> oreul>igfeit an iljrem ~ort6ejtcfJen unb &mpor6füljen 311 arliciten." m3os luor benn ocicfJefJcn? 9hm, 311111idJjt fiottc ficfJ ber ~ou5f)oft infofge ber r1efprodJe11e11 Wcueruno 11id1t nur feflift erfioften, jonbern es 1uar fooar ein

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nidit unbebcutenber Ü6erfdiuü in l>iefer Stoffe borIJanben. ~ine auf her &n• ftait Iaftenbe <Sd)ulb, bie man I)erü6ergenommen [Jatte, IUurbe baburd} 3um gröüten 5teil befeitigt, baä man bie bom StapitaI nodi ü6rigcn ·$4,000 au HJrer miaaIJiung berlUenbcte; IUaß nod:J an <Sd)ulben übrig blieb, foIIte burd) ben !Bel!fauf eineß 5teifeß beß 2anbeß gän3Iid) getilgt lnerbcn. IDfü ben <SdjoiarjgilJß görte man auf n:,citer au red)ncn. SDie !Uegaul)tung beß !Red)tßftanbl)unfteß bcn fäumigen <Sd)iilcrred)tßingabern gegenüber gatte bieifadJ in ben @emeinben eine fold)e Unaufriebengeit [yerborgerufen, baf3 man biefe <Sd)olarfüipj -einen <Stein beß &nftofjeß nannte unb eß aum 5teil Hinen au• fd)rieo, 1nenn bie UnterftüfJung burd:J mUbe @laben au miinfd)en übrig Iicf3. !8011 bcr W?iffourifl}nobe, bie hie ~(nftart mit arren fuäften unterfliitJen 1uollte,

.,!yramtoc6äubt," 187-l a6ocOrnn11t.

tulirbe ebenfallß her m!unfd) ausgefprod)en, man möge bie @5d)olarf[)ips failcn faffen. . ~reilid) gab es audj ha tuieber <Sdjn:,ierigfeiten. <So forberten brei liefannte mlaterlolnner &ngloamerifoner bie liereitß ei11ge3al)Ite @5umme bon $600 3u, rücf, IUeiI bie &nftalt fidi nidJt fo geitaitete, IUie fie erlnartet gatten unb au er• 1Uarten lieredjtigt IUaren. !man liefdjlofl, {idj auf hie in iel>em ~alle beftmögfidje m!eife m;t allen unaufriebenen ffiiufern fold;er <Sd)olarfl)il)s aliaufinben. ~m allgemeinen ganberte man fo: m!er einen 5teiI beß @Selbes einbe,aa[Jlt I)atte, er~~elt ~afür u~b für bie lieaaglten 8infen eine entfpred)enbe 8eit freien Unter• r_,d)t, tnbe~ für Je $10 ein 5term angeredjnet tourbe, jebod) unter ber aijsbriirf, ltd)en !Uebm~uno, ba~ bies !ned)t 1,1nüliertragliar fi:i,

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<Erftcr 1icr1ual11111ol.lrat bcr 9lort111ucftcrn llni~crlit~. 'llaltor ~ - 'llaMno. 'llaltot ~ - Gfc!et. '\IIIIIQt (l). ~orbetl'-

'llnflot m. StoeOlct. 'llaffor (!. Cllaufen,1(1 een. ~afl•~ ß ~biete.

'l) ~ C ~ II

f ii II ß C.

~ielcn fo mandJc @innaIJmen, auf bic man fidJ liHHJer uerlieil, .f_ort„ io nmrbe b~ß mef)r am auf oeroogen burdJ bai.1, iua~ an bie ®teIIe trat, burd} bic roeit reid)Iidier nnb regeiritiiüioer als friiIJer in bie $1-affe ffieilenbcn s:!ief1cs• galien -ber @emeinben. Unl> l>aü es fo oefommen luar, l>as luar es, 1u·a1.1 •uor allem l>ie 3iiIJrer 1111b @ru1illcr mit ~reube er!iilUc. Stlarum ifJr St)anf, llarnm l>cr auberfidJilidJc !!3füf in llic .Sufunft. ..!ffiir ei;iitier·eu ievt," fd'Jrieli !ßroicllor (frnft fdJon im SDc3emlicr 1870, .,ais reine ~ IJ n o l> a r a II ft a Ct oano trnn i)cr Sl'ir\fJ~, ll_cr luir (luir llürfen es luo1jl 311111 !ßrcifc @ottes jagen) nidJI her• . celilidJ l>1ei1e11." 1t (Jattc, Oti• llurd1oemad Sd111Ie llic Me , ~ttluicf(uno inilerc Me Unll ~as oI!.1 eine 1m• lattadife( @cmcinlleli bcmiellien in langt, io giaulit er es e j c UI i it, i ·r c i lu ~(nftaft, llie ,.lla[l fönitcn, au oc3eidJ11c11 Ccugbare 5.tatfadJc rdJc, ja bcr fü 1mfcrcr · ®IJnolle, unfcrcr c !!3cbiirfniif lltingenllen . einem fcIJr l>cutjdJc!t !Bebölfcmng unfers gan3e11 9lorlllueftcni.l cntjµridJI." lfragcn llli r, mai.l lla~ lJeifie: luic fic ievt ijt, fo erljaiten 1uir bon ifJlll fcClijl bic ~(11llul1t·I: ,.9lortriroeftcrn UttibcrfitlJ m11fai1t brci ~.(liteiiungcn: ein lleut\d1,cngCijd1cs DC1cr• Ot)mnafh11n ((follegc), ein llcutjdJ•cngiijdJci.l llnterglJnmafium (~rci1arnlo rlJ ~l'' rartmcnt) imb eine cngiiidJc ~(fabemie (9formaI anll S cicntiiic sr)c~1art111e111). '.Das @t)mna[ium mad1t es fidJ am &ufga{1e, ieinen ®d1iiforn _eine orii11bficI1c allgemei-nc !!3Hllung 311 berfd1affen, 1ucld1e fic fiir ein t•rjoiorcidJci.l (frgrcikn bcr ljödJjlcn 1uiffcnfd)aftlid1en !!3cmf!.lartcn licfiifJiot. @s 1uerbe11 in bicicr ~rr,. teiiung 09jonllers llic _arten ®1>rad1cn, bic striioer nnll !Uermillier bcr f1öd1itl'1t Gleiitesoiibuno getrielien, oIJne bafl bariiC1er bie craftcn !füiifenid1ailc11 (9.l?atfJl' · matif unll filah1rlcIJre) beriiiumt luiirllen." bcnlldJ· bes basje11i11e aljo iit ieUt, <rollegc bai.l barnadJ , SDas 8ieI, lueidJc~ fidJ nidJI a11d1 cnoliid1cs, ein nid1t iil s @ s. @1Jmnafium en liinlliidJ_en IiumaniftifdJ ein e1igiijdJ,be11tidJcs, jonllern e i II b c n t i dJ • eng I i i dJ e s C! o l feg t'. fütr in ber ~(fabemie, ieUt 11idJI mcl)r bic l!.JoridJnfc, jonbcrn ein {1cjo11bcn•?, ~cpartment, luirb bodJerrfdJenb engfijdJ oefprodJen. !ßrofeffor @ruft luar llereits, afs er bics nieberjdJrieb , 1.priiiibcnl ber ~fn• es ·am 9. ffiför3 187J. 5t(Jompfon ljattc jd1011 im ~ uni 1870 italt; er luurbc _ afß ioid)cr rcfioniert, lifieo 0{1er nod1 ein ~ afJr Tang aiß ~eI)rer llcr 9.lfotciemalif unb ller 9lah1rroijfc.nid}nft. !illiifJrenb bes ~11tcrreg1111111s ii6crnafJ111C11, k rm• iueifc ablued)feinll, SDr. Wlc11111a1111 1111b ll.~rofcffor @rnfl llie s:!eilling 1111b ben morfiu in bcr 2cIJrerfonfercn0•

~rafibrnt brr 'llnftaft.

11.

iis ~ur ie.vltf~ng hr.s frftrn ~.d7ülrrs in~-ikrn 14r11rkiirprr:. /-(L eooren

18f1·· ~rs , ~ofm eines anoefeljenen r~ann?~.erfdJ~n _l.ßfarrers, auf beni' @l}mnafllJlli. m ~err-e unb auf ber Umberfttat @ottmgcn bon Iier• . uorragenbe11 •@efoljrten, lllte @5.aupe, .l:!otc, &rnjt @:urtius, &lllafb, SDor• ner unb m!iefytger. g~oifbet, Hellte lier in .be~ !8Iüte lier ~afJrc ftefJenbe neue \llräfibent feine' fc!tcnc ·s:!efJrtüd)tigfeit unb ein griinb!idJes !illif!en, bal'l bann l>urdJ raft!ofcß' lmei!~r,fitibi~~ jciljrauß ialjieht bermc{Jrt tumbe - fterrte er bieß unb anbere ,iljn1··uerlfol)ene :@9uen, einen fdiarfcn !!3erflanb, ein nie beriaoenbeB @ebäd)tniß. frcubig )u ·b~h/ ~enft ber ~Cnftart. SDau er ber iTJm bon ~uoenb a11 teuren Iutlje~\ldJeµ: ~rdie,Jdion b_orfJer als lßaflor_oebient gatte, iit erluöfint tuorbcn; 11ad) bcr &nfµrift •in; ~clU Worf int'~ci!Jt:e· 1863 unb feiner im nöd)ilen ~aljre erfo!gte1f iQrbfu.a(io11 ljatte-.. cr biß 1868 in)hroofhJn unb bann ein ~afJt 1_1c. . SDcr .pn bem g!eidJen.§:;>rte luirfenbe \Uaitor lang in ifilan~,~1h \llfqriipmf iu_ &bellierg ferntc„1>ic .@fütier· u.n1et_er. '@51J1iobc, gefcgcntrid>' bcr mcrjammfuno in .\'}efenbiIIe.-itn !lnoi ,186~, -~i~ ':~r) icjudJte,. fcnncn, unb luic er nun felber !Jalb barauf bem !Rufe ber .~afütolU~\?i @cmcilJbc lofgte,,fo· lourbe fein ~reunb, auf ben er aufmerfjam . gema·djt fjatt1;, · _aum $rofeffor, ,an unfercr Wnjtort erlllärJit. &d)tunb3tuan3ig ~~{Jre 'roqr;ll.l3tofcffQr ·&rhft art; alß·.er nodJ !illatcrto1un fam . 5tljomtifon, ber bcr3eitig~ \ßräfil>ent,' imb @5telifJo.rn lllaren feine W!terBgenoifcn. unb !lncumann, o!JiuoIJ[ -oetröd)t[fi{J öfter, · ftaitb im !Jeften IDfonncßaftcr. ~ ?, oao bei ber llerTJä!tnißmä13ig · groäen . /5dJiifer3Ö1jl 11nb bcn bie!cn llntmidJt?,. ftunben eine faum au !JettJäftigcnbe ~ülle-uo·n ~r!Jcit, a!Jer bie fieinc .l:!ciircr• fdJar licfi fiel), llon jugcn~Iidier !Bcgeiftcr~no erfüllt, feine IDlilfJe ucrbricf3cn. m!er 8ufiörer ljättc fein fönnen, lllenh biefe bicr 5:!eljrcr - tuir biirfen S'tortcn• flrunn, bcn @5efrctär, nid)t üoerfeTJen - fidJ einmal lllÖdJcntlidJ in bcm ~ oujr beß einen ober anberen l,l!rofeffors berfammclten, ber Tiötte bcn &ifcr flc1u1111• bert, mit bem in fdJönitcr .\'}armonie lUid)tige cr3ielJeri!dJc \l3ro!Jicmc in eno• Iifcf)er @5l)rad)e erörtert iuurben. !!Jei ieber .8ufammenfun ft luurbe baß stfJemo für bie meoatte ber fo!genben ®i~ung ocftimmt, bamit jcber fidJ im .l:!aufc bcr m!od)e mit bem @egenftanbe Ilei~Jöftigen fonnte. ma luurbe bie IT;raoc auf• gelUorfen, ob bie auf baß @5tubium bcr. &Iten llerlllanbtc .8cit !Jeffer angelllonbt tuäre, lUenn man neuere @5prad)en an bie @5te1Ie treten fü[3e. SDa lllorrtc man fidJ ffar werben über bie !!3orteile ober Wad)teiTe einer gemeinfamcn &r3icTiung ber $l'naoen unb !lnäbd)en. ~in striema lautet: ,,!.!Baß llerjteTJcn iuir unter &r• aieljung'?" unb ein anbere!l: ,,~ft es ratfam, für gute .l:!eiftunoen nadJ ameri• fanifd)er m!eife !ßrämien (Prizes) au lledeiljen '?" SDer hcn !Uorfit fü{Jrenbe feingeoilbete 51:'.~oml)fon iuar nid)t nur ein fäljiger, fTeifiigcr s:!c{Jrer, fonbern aucq ein aufrid)tig frommer !lnann unb ein oefd)eibener, IieoenßlUiirbiger ~oI•

l8i!! 311t l8m1fung bei! ctftcn <=icl1llkt!! in bcn ßeOdati,er.

lege. !illenn er attd) nid)t gerabe gefäufig beutjd} fpradi, jo mad)te ifim bod) bie beutfdie füftüre feine gro[len ®diroierigfeiten. @:r roar \Uresot)terianer, alier er fpracf) immer nur mit .\}odjadjtung bon unjerer fürdie, ber feine aus ~orl'Oegen jtammenbe ffamiiie fraglos einft angegört gatte. m:fs er bon uns idiieb, nafim er eine \l3farre in \Ueoria an; aoer ein frü(icr stob, ben er oei einem Ungfücfsfaf! in ben !illellen bes ~Uinois fanb, jeUte feiner !illirfjamfeit (Jier im ~afire 1884 ein @:nbe. ®djon oebor !ßrofejfor @:rnft stfiompfons inadifofger im SDireftorat rourbe, fdjon afs ~nfpeftor bermitterte er l>en !!3erfefir atuifdien l>er !!Miörl>e rejp. l>er SIJttol>e un·l> l>er ffafurtöt, trugen ®diufa113eigen im @emeinl>elifatt feine lln• tcridirift, rourl>c er beauftragt, bon 8cit 3u Seit einen :Bcridjt ff6er l>ic Wnftart in l>icicm !!Hatte 311 bcröffentli• dien. ~cncß oocn genannte IDle• rnoria( 6ill>ctc l>ic @runbfage für eine crftmnligc grünl>lidJc !8efl:m• di1111g l>cr ~(nftaftsucrIJäftnijfc, fiir l>ic im ~anuar 1870 eine ®onbcrfiU1111g l>cr ®tinol>e cinoe• ru frn 1uml>c. .\}icr luar er es, l>cr 311crft öffcntfidJ eine m:ofin• l>ung anf giitfid1cm !IDege in oe• 3110 a11f l>ic ~dJiifcrreditsingalier anrc\1lc, iuie er l>c.nn fJcrnad'} aucf) rcl>IidJ bas ®einige l>a3u beitrug, l>aü l>ic lagen l>cr Un3ufrhil>ene11 möfJ!icfi l.lerftummtcn. Unl> roenn uon l>cr .\}ausfiaftsfaffe gejagi 1umbe, fie fJalie flatt eines ffefif• uctraocs ein \l3Iuß aufoctuief en, fo 3cigt ein an ign geriditetes SDnnfc!luotum bes ~(ufiiditsratcs, l>a[l er l>aran nidjt unlieteiligt luar : er gali bcm .\}a~bcrtuarter l>ie nötigen ~(ntucifungcn, er filgr• ~aftO? 91. 9lbrC~nR. te, luas uisfier nidit gejdjegen IUar, genau !Budi. SDa[l fidi, aum steif infolge „feiner streue," ein Ülierfdiuä bon $400 in l>ie• ier st'ajfe fanl>, ift aucf) infofern fiir uns bon !8el>eutung, als nun mit einem 5teiI bes @eibes unfer ~ o r I e g e f i e g e I oefdiafft tourbc, bas feitbem jebes bon ber ijafultät berliefiene Sl)iplom fdjmücft. $Die jd)Iidjte, bon l>en \ßrofelfo• ren geroägrte 2egenba mit ber ~agresaagI MDCCCLXV lautet: Sigillum Collegii Watertowniensis. üoer einem fäufengejdjmüdten griedjijdjen stem• fcf}roeot eine oon ·®tragien umgebene staube, unb barüoer ftegt in ben 2et•

~er

!8i6 aur !Berufung bc6 crftcn 6d1!\tcr6 in bcn 2cf1rfilri,cr.

tern ber Uripradie: ,,~e{JollnfJ." @5d1ön_er unb finniger, nfß eß fJier burdJ l.l3nftor ID"lnl)erfioff geidJa{J, bem luir bie SeidJnung. llerbnnfen, fonntc ii6er[Jnupt ber @5dJule Stuecf unb Siel nidJt 311111 ~(ußbrucf gebrndJt tucrben. &i_nc in einer griinbfid)en Sl'ennhtiß ber alten @5prndJen 1uur3elnb~ n!Igemeine, eine ffnfiiidJc ll3ilbung 1uill fic llermittcin; aber (JÖTJcr nfß fie, TJÖTJer nHl nIIesi ftcfJt iIJr boß &unngcfium uon bcr @nnbc @ottcß in ~r,rifto: f1immliid1c lillcißfJeit muii bic irbiidJc burdifcud)ten: o{Jnc '@ottcß lillort, 1uorin ber -~eilige @cift fcf6er. rebet, mndJt fein 2ernen uni:> S:lcf1rcn gfürflidJ. Unb bnmit im SDienite bes IDittenß unb S:loocnß ..~rau ID1uficn". nidJt fef1Ic, bic stunft, bie 2uffJer ber str1e0Iogic am nädJiten fterrt, ijt auf bem @icTJeifefbc beß St'.empeiß eine 2eier nngein:ndJt. !ffinT1rlidJ,. 1uir f1nben nHen @runb, uns biefeß @5icgeiß. IJer3IidJ 311 freuen! l.l3nftor WlntJerfJoff 1unr cß n11d>, ber, einem bringenben !Bebiirfniß nbfJcl• fenb, am 18. ~ouemI1er 1872 ber &nftnrt eine @Iocfe idJenfte. IDlnndJes ~nfJr f1nt fie bie @5dJiifer um 6 lUJr morgens nuß bem ®d>Infe geluecft 1111b T1ernnd1 llor bem !Beginn bes UnterridJtß 3ur &nbndJt gerufen, l1is fie bem \Branbe t10n · · · 1894 311m §Jpfer fiel. SDie jebige @Iocfc ijt ein @cidJenf beß Brnucnllereinß ber ®t. 9)/nr• fußfi~d)e 311 lillnterto1un. gerner luurbe ein SHnllier nngeidJniit, 1111i:i n1_1uerbem TJeforgtc man nudJ, mit jenem @cfbe in ber ~nuß{Jaltfnfie, bie notmenbigjten pfJIJii• fniiidJen ~(ppnrnte, 1uojiir fdJon friifJer cinrnnl (9?Öllemoer 1869) $100 be1uiUigt 1uorbcn mn• ren. ~!uß bn311 TJcftimmten 9J1ittein 1uurbc11 nun in jebem ~nfire .neue ~nftrnmcntc cr1110r• ben.. • OfflAtrUrß etrnr!, !ffiidJtiger nodJ lunr, 1uas jiir bic füin c, mtidJci11[1are !BiidJerci ocidJnfJ. @5dJon ~Wnrtin {)iert, unll 3lllar gfcidJ ·ilil ,critc11 :~inter, eine 8lei{Jc llon morträgcn um bcn ~fofaitg, in1f eiti'er. !8i_biiotrief",3u 1itnd1en, unb ein llon 5tfJompfon nr~nngicrtcr lBortrggßc\j_ffoß · fü~tüc bem gieid1en .S1uecf, unb brndite Einen SMngclllinn t1011 iioer $50. ~ine ,!feine_@51min1e~ .1µÜ( uns TJebiinfen; aber man 1uar nudJ für -~ns lll_enige_ll~nf!i~r:., ~enn jcbc SHeinigfeit 3ä{Jrte. @5o 1ucn11 llon bem .. ~cic· oerein• bes · 2e{Jtetfö({egiums"· alljfüJrlidJ bic 8eitfd)tift für baß @lJmnnfinllue• ien geitiftet roµrbe. . @5o 11,Jenn- ber mit \l3rofefior @:rnft TJcireunbete ~!nuß• tijnier @l)ntttnfinlbireftor 2nttmnnn ein eigenes !illerf ober IDruIIcrß !.lJltJtIJo• logie fd1enfte, ober roenn l.l3rofeHor SDr. Bfol! itt ~mento1t111, ber bie Wnftnit burdJ ben ~ntaiog llon 1870-71 fennen 1mb fdJäl!en Iemte, ,,luertlloIIe ältere &usgnben Inteinifd1er &utoren fanbte." . l,l3rofelfor @mit fef6er· ftiftete einmnI nid)t roenigei; als fünf gröfiere !ffierfe,. unb . l.l3afto.r ID°tal)erfJoff fammertc bei einem &ufentijnite in SDeutfd)Innb im ~a(Jre 1872, -inbem er fid) an bortige !Bud)T}änbfer ro011bte, eine gntt3e Stifte lloll roertµo!Icr !illerfe. !Beftnnb io 1>ic !BiofiotrJef 311 einem TJcbeutenben St'.ciTe aus gcidJenftcm @ut, baß m~m uatiir•

18111 aur !Bcrufuno bell. crftcn eid1ülcrll in bcn i!cOrtöri,cr.

ric!) auc!) roeiterTJin roi!ffommen TJieü, fo rourlle llocTJ llen 2eljrern - unll llas ltlar ein ~ortfcTJritt - bon ieut an eine oeftimmte, ltlcmn aulf} ltlogT nid)t groäe @eillfumme, für lliefen ,8ltlecf 3ur !Berfügung gefteIIt. · Wn !itIJompfons ®teile lt>urlle, jebocT) nicTJt afs 2eljrer ller IDlatljematif, fon• llern ais \ßrofeffor ller engiifcTJcn ®pracTJe, ein jßaftor ller IDliffouriflJnolle in llJofton, IDlarf., !itfJeollor !Broljm, berufen, ller in ~ort fil3al)ne uttll ®t. 2ouiß nusoe6ilbet luorben ltlar unb bann ein ~aljr Iang llie lnelt> IDorf UttiberfitlJ be• iudJt Iintte. m3ie \ßrofcffor @;rnft, bem biefc ®umme nebjt freier m3oljnung im ~uni 1870 3ugebifCigt rourbe, erTJieit audJ er $1000, oller ltlie man es feit IDlar• tins !Berufung nannte, ,,baß bollc jßrofejforengeIJait." ~rn bem g[eic!)en !itage (6. September 1871) trat ein anberer 2eljrer, ber fcTJon einmaI ber Wnftart oebient Iiatte, Wmoß m. @;afterbalJ, fein Wmt an. ~r berllanfte feine WusbH• l>uno ber ~Uinois ®tote UniberfitlJ unb ronr 3uieut ®uperintenbent ller öffent• fidJen ®d111Icn in ieiner ,t)eimatftabt, lnofomis, ~rr., geltlefen. SDie IDli.nnefota• ®tJ110be, beten \ßräjeß ~- ®iefcr roar, gatte fidJ in eittem mit unferer ®l)nobe getroffenen ~(bfommen bereit erflärt, einen 2eljrer temueije ($500) 3u oefoIllen, unb ba lumbe l>enn auf eine mnregung lßrofeffor ~rnits IJin ~afterllalJ in~ W11ge gefn[!t. &r ii6ernaIJm ben matljematijcIJen UnterricTJt unll berftanll c~ l.Jor,1iigfidJ, feine ®dJilfer für feitt 3'adJ 3u begeiftern unb fic l>arin tüd)tig 311 mnd)cn. SDurdJ fein jonnigeß, lie6cnsroiirbigcß m3cfen oeiuann er l>er ®dJii• [er Sjer0en im ~hmne. @;ß luar rilrJtenb, a(s er, ein fe(Jr fdJiicT1ter, nunmeIJr jtnrf erornutcr W?ann, bor mefireren ~aIJrcn an einem Wfh1stage ber Wnftaft cinen !Bei11dJ a6itnttete: llie Wugen aITcr öfteren Wfumnen, l>ie 3uoegen luaren, fr ncf1tcten, afs fie Hm crbfiäten. IDlit faum geringerer !l3erefJrung gebcnfen jriifiere ®dJiifer l,ßroje[lor !BroIJm.s, ber 11ebcn bem engiijcfJen audJ bcn nahtr• 1t1ific1iid1aitfid1c11 HnterridJt erteiftc, unb bcr 6iß 1878 mit ber i\Cnftait l.Jer• h1111l>cn 6fie6. ,8ogen jo 31uei neue s:!eljrcr ein, jo 30g am ®dJ(ufie biefcß ®cTJuIlnfJrc.s ein anbcrer, llcr äftcfte, aus. &ß 1uar ber geicljrte, rebncrijcf) roie 11111• [ifafiidJ T1ocf1bcga6te SDr. 9J1eumann, ber einem !Jlufc bcr @cmeinbc in ~onll b11 ~nc ~oTge fciftctc. ~r 1uar in feinem Ieuten ~aTJte oft Icibcnb unl> muütc [dJficilfidJ feinen, ben griedJiidJen UnterridJt, in feinem ~auje bom fuanfenbette aus l.JorI3ief1e11. SDic burdJ fei11e11 3"ortga11g entftanllene fcf1mer3Iid} empfu11bc11e füicfe 1uurbe im foTgenben ®cTJu(jaljre llurcTJ einen IDla1111 ausgefürrt, bcr nocTJ f1eute 311 unieret ~reube unter uns lueiTt, ltle1111 aucTJ feit ei11cr flf}ltleren ~rfrnnfung afs ~merihtß. ~el>crmann 1uiii3te 3u fage11, tuen roir mei11en, ltlenn · tuir ~iingeren bon unferen meteranen jpredJcn. ~r ift einer bon iljnen, ,,ber arte SDoftor," 1mb l>er anl>ere, ein @reis im @5iiberljaar, ftcIJt, tuie llamaTs, fo nocfJ TJeute an ller ®pibc l>er ®d1ufc: ltlie bi~Te unter uns, bie au iIJren ~iiüen faüen: in fücoe unl> !l3ereljrung blicfen mir au iljnen auf. UrjpriinglidJ 1oor SDr. lnob für bie bon ller ®l)nol>e 3u befeuenl>e tljeolo• gifdJe \ßrofeffur in St. 2ouiß beftimmt. SDa ·~önecfe llefinitib a6Teljnte unl> \l!(lfto.r ~- €ruft, bco !Uater unfercs lßrofeifors, an llen nun ein !Ruf erging, luegen eines &uge11Ieibens nic!Jt anneIJmen fonnte, fo. bat man SDr. !not, ber

!Bill

aur !Berufung

bell

crttcn ei{Jllfnß in bcn ~cijdhi,ct.

alß „eine bebeutcnbe ~aft" emvfofJfon 1uorben ttJar, nady IDlHttJaufce aur @5tJ• nobalfonferena au fommen. <ir crfd)ien audJ; aber ba es bie IDleinung !mal• t~erß ttJar: bie @5t)nobc follte fid) bei iTJrem @cibmangeI 3unöd1ft bie IDer• iorgung !!Batertollmß mit fJinreidienbcn 2e{Jrfräften angcfcgcn fein Iajfen, 11:las in aud) ber IDliifouriitJnobc au gute fomme, fo befdJioü ber !Boarb, biefen „tüdJ• tigen lß{Jilologcn unb treuen EutrJerancr" am lßrofeffor an uniere ru:nftalt au berufen. über feinen !ffierbegang gibt mtß ber ~oricgefataiog fciu~r ru:ufid)I11ü; benn lßrofejfor ~rnft pflegte bis 1883 icbem feiner fiatafoge, bie in biefer 1uie in anbercr !BcaiefJung anfangß groüe füJniidJfeit mit einem preuuifdJcn lßro• gramm gatten, eine fur3c ~Jronif anaufJängcn, bie über llie IUidJtigften (.fr. eigniffe bes @5dJuliaTJres berid)tcte. ~iernad} 1uar SOr. ~o1J, ber im gfcicI1e11 ~a~re IUic \ßrofeffoi: &rnft geboren tuurbe, bier ~a{Jre Iang @5d)ilfer ber Ullaul• f>ronncr ~IofterfdJufc. &Is ,8ögiing beß trJeoiogifdJen ®tifteß bc.fuclJte er fJicr• auf bie llnibcrfität 5.tiibingen. ,,~m ~alJre 1SG3 1uurbe ifJm auf @runb einer SDiffertation iiocr bie UrgeidJidJte beß römiidicn @5taateß bie p{Ji[oiopfJiicIJc Si)oftorlUürbe beriicfJen, 1111b in bemfeiuen ~aIJre l1eftanb er bie erftc tIJeofo• 1 gijdJc \ßriifung, fe1Jte aber baß l,JIJiiofopfJiidJc ·Etullium bis 311m ~afJrc 1 Gt fort. 9ladJbem er fJicrauf eine Seit Iang tci!ß in bcr EQeimot, tciiß im E5tnak @eorgia afs \ßribatlc{Jrcr geluirft fJaUc, 1uurllc er im ~aIJrc 18G8 a[s \µro• tcffor ber beutidJcn ~i,radJe an bo/3 l.l3ennftJibanio (for!ege in @etttJß(nn·\] Iic, rufen. !Bon {Jier ging er 1SG8 in glcidJcr @igcnjdJaft an baß ~1J1iifJfc11 (1crg ~oIIege nad) Wl1entotu11, lßa., über, 1uo er bis 31m1 EQcrofte 1872 bcr6ficb." ~n ber moarbfi1J1111g .am 10. ®cl,ltcmbcr 1872 1uurbc er uon lßräjcs Q.labin\J f>egriiüt unb in fein Wnit eingefiiIJrt. ~r t11ofintc bieien ®i1J1111gcn 011cIJ il'r• nerTJin als „beratenbcs IDlitgTieb''. bei - ein \ßriuiieg, bas im Ul1ör3 1873 011 i arre 2e{Jrer ausgebeT)llt 11:lurbe. ~m IDlär3 ttJar es aud), in berf eiuen ®i1Jung, aio SDr. 9fo1J „311111 ~ 11 f p c f. t O r ber ru:nrtart erfJoben IUurbc." mer tuörc in bcr ~at bebauernßlucrt, llcr f>eim !llfüfoii<f auf fein (5d)fücrlcben nid)t audJ baß 3u entbccfen ucr111öcI1tc, 1uaß man beflett l.l3oefie nennen fö1111tc - lJcitere &riconiflc etlua, bic in bcr @:r• innerung ~ic oft rauIJe \ßrofa bes eluigen 5::!ernens IieoiicIJ umranfcn. SDoTJin gelJört für bie, luc!dJe im ~umnat 1uoIJ11tc11, bic Seit, ba mr. 91ot HJr ~nipcf• tor ttJar. IDlandJer {Jot mancIJe !Bofabel ttJiebcr bcrgcffen, bie er cinft bei fei; nem in unberfäifditcr fdJlUöbjf d)er Wlunllart bo3icre11be11 §Jrbinarius bcr @5e• funba gelernt; alier unauslöfd)Iid} r,at es fiel) feinem @cbäditnis eingeprägt, lUie er ba3u berurteilt lUurbe, in finfterer IDlittcrnad)t ein Ouantum 4'5 0{3 3u aerfägen unb einen steil bes!eloen nacIJ einer bon bem ~nfl,Jcfior be3cicI1nc• ten @5telie bes ~am.pus au tragen: 11:lar bic ~(rbcit getan unb meibctc iidJ ber Ungiil<ffid)e, fo glitt ein 2öd)efn über baß &ntli1J bes @cftrcngcn, unb eß fam ber !Bcfe{JI: ,,SOann {Jolfd) lllieber!" @5trafcn arierbingß, aber fie ~interlieücn feine !Bitterfeit. Unb nun fönnen ttJir aud) gieidJ aur &rfiärung anfügen : bamafs ftanb,

!Biß

3llt

!8crnf1111n bell crttcn ec1,11!.crt1 In bcn .!!efJtfliti,et.

toie nod} lliefe ~afJrc nadJ(Jcr, in iel>em .8immer neben l>cm bon l>em ®dJüfer jeibft oefdJafften !itifd} mit !BüdJerrega{ unl> l>er !8anf mit l>em @imer unb ber lffiafcfJfdJüffef ein §Jfen, l>er mit l>em ~of3e gefJei3t tourl>c, l>as l>ie ScfJüier jeber fam an l>ie 9lcifJe - nudJ an l>en fäitciten lffiintertagen ,erit braunen 3crfägen unl> 0erivartcn muf3ten. ~C6cr l>as tat l>cm .Qerneifer feinen @intrag. greml>e, l>ie l>amafs l>ie !lln• jtn[t ocfudJtcn, {Jattcn offen @runl>, 3u · ftauncn, tuenn fie fJier 2eTircr fanl>en, llie nidJt nur fefoer ein ciceronianijdJcs Qatcin fdJrieben unll fvracf)en, fonllern bie aud} Hire ®diüiet anfciteten, fatcinifdJ 3u anttuorte11, fateinijdJ llas SDurdJ• genommene 1uicller3ugcf>cn. SDic ~autc moms im llamafigcn lffiatcrtotun ! lffioIJ( JöfJfte ber 1853 als <&ittJ inforl)oricrte §Jrt nadJ l>em trcnfus bon 1870 be• rri rn GOOO mn1uof1ner, unl> llas !!3olf jpradJ jogar llon 10,000, ab~r tuiellief

unlurtiit bom

3'nOrc 1875.

'llrof. ~ocl 6milt !llrof. !!lt. ij. !l!l. &. !llou, !llrof. <l'uo. !llou, 'llrof. ~Oco. l!JroOm. 'llrä[tbcnt ~rof. Wno. I}. <l'rnft, !lltol. ~rmo~ G'aftcrbat,.

audJ idJon errcidJt luar, eocnjollicf llcrriet audJ, l>aü lliejcr !Bollen nod} jung IUar. SDenn luie fangt• IUar es l>odJ IJet - l>rei ~a(Jr3c(Jntc etroa ! - , i:la fcfJfu• gen IJier in einem llon ®iimpfen 11nter6rod1cncn Ut1ualll llic erften lueiäen !lln• jiellfcr i{Jrc ~iitten auf. i!Benn llie ragenlle Ulme, llic ais fdiönftcr ®cf)mud unfercn <iroUegcparf 3iert, llcr ftolaeite !!3011111 lffiaterto1uns, rellen fönnte, toit mürben llicf fJören llon i:lem roten !!Rann, ller, tuo jeUt unfere ®c!Jüler ficfJ turn• mefn, jeinen !ffiigtuam erridJtete uni) feine ~iegstön3e autfü{Jrte. ?illie gefagt: llie @5dJiiTer rourl>en - baß 3eigcn bie Stataioge bon 1870-71 unl> 1871-72 - bon 5tertia an a[mä{JfidJ i:laran gcroötnt, baß fateinijc!J ®e• fcfenc in l>iejcr 6l)radJe au rel)rollu3ieten. SDas fani:l feine !llntoenbung aucfJ un 9MigionsunterridJt l>er lßrima, folueit i:la l>ie &uguftana ober i:lie ~nfti•

18ill 4ur l8m1funo bell crftcn eir,nterll in bcn ßc~döq,er.

tutiones <ratecl)eticae llon SDietrid> - unfer SDr. \nou ljat fie befanntiid) 1876 übericfJt unb fommcnticrt - au @runbe gelegt iuurben. IT;erner tuurben an• fangs im @riecl)ifcl)en in ben oberen ~lo[fen „grammotifd)e, f>iftorifd)e unb antiquorifd)e ~riäuterungen in IateinifdJer @5pradJe gegeben." Weben ben tuöd)entiid)en ~iercitien fd)rieuen bie \primaner 6, fµätei: 4 „freie foteiniid)e &uffäfJe" über {Jiftorifd>e 1mb anbete $l::[Jc'moto, bie in ben S'i'otaiogen bi!l 1877 immer angegeben tuerben. €Sie regten ftetß 311111 9fod)• benfen an unb Iauteten 3. m. tuie fofgt :

Uterin bello civili meliorem causam defenderit, Caesar an Pompejus? De veterum Germanorum terra et habitu. Optime de re publica Atheniensiu m meritum esse Periclem, paucis explicatur. Mortem non esse malum, quibus argumentis possit demonstrari . Quibus argumentis Cicero Sext. Roscium Amerinum defenderit, ita explicetur, ut appareat, tota orationis compositio quid ad reum absolvendum valuerit.

IDlan fieljt, bie &rbeiten (~ffat)s) gefJen ou!l bem llntmidit ljcrl.lor unb jd}fief3en fid) llielfodJ eng an b.ie 2eftüre an. fildJt luar bie luödJentiidJc 6t1111bcn• 30TJI im 2oteinifdJen in orren Sl'Iafien, tuenigjten!l 1870-71 ; fl.iöter lt11.1rticn e~ 6, maß aucl) ljeute nocl) gilt. SDer ~ouµtlcf1rer in bieiem ~odJ iuar bcr SDireftor felbcr, ber jidJ a11dJ in feinem eriten Stotofog, ,,\l3rofeffor ber foteiniidJen @5pradJe" nannte, ltiqs nfaer fcl)on im folgcnben ~ofJr in Professor· of Mental and _l\iioral Philosophy umgeänbert tuurbe. SDcnn fein 2iebiing!liocl) luar bie \l3fJifoioi1IJic, 1uie tiwn ber llon iljm erteilte lhtterridJt in ber pfJifojopljijcl)en jßropäbcutif (\l3itJd)ofo• gie; ~inlcitung in bie \l3TJilojopIJie; ~auptfefJrcn bcr IDMapIJtJfif) eine bcr jdJÖn• ften ®tunben für feine \l3rimoner 1uor. ~trn iürbinoriu!l ber \l3rimn, bcr er bis f)eute geblieben ift, gab er aud} in bicjer Sl'lofie bcn llntcrridJt in ber 9tc• Iigion, im SDeutid)en unb in ber @efd)id)te. !Bon ber !Jleiigion mar, idJon bic !llebe; es tuurben oudJ nodJ $l::cile bes 91euen 5teftomente!l in ber UriprodJe ge• fefen unb erfiärt. ~m @efcl)id)tsuntcrridJt log, luie fid) benfen Iöüt, bcr ~ouptnodJbruif auf ber alten @ejcl)id1te, bie nadJ einem uorf1ergefic11be11 Wn, fängerunterrid)t in ben unteren S'Uofien nocl) einmal in ber \l3rimo burdige, nommen tuurbe. &ufierbem rourben bie ~ouptboten bcr in ben IDHtfeifiaifcn in englifcl)er @5procl)e gele{Jrten IDlittieren unb \neueren @ejdJid)tc repetiert. !Bon 1877 an tuurbe bann bcr Untcrrid)t in ber @efcl)id)tc bes IDlittelortcr!l unb bcr Weu3eit in bie \l3rima gelegt, tuäl)renb !Jlom unb @riedJenionb in @5e, funba unb $l::crtia eriebigt rourben - abgefe{Jen llon ber !Jlcpctition ber ~aupt, boten im &nfdifuf3 an bie ge!efcnen ~Ioffifer. mlo!l im SDeutfcl)en, bem man burdjjcl)nittiidJ nur brei ®tunbcn tuibmete, 1uenigftenß geforbert tuurbe, aeigen tuiebcrum einige ber 9, fpätcr (1874) 7 WuffafJt{Jemata ber \l3rimo: ,,!ffiorauf ueruljt bie &n3iefiungßfroft, bic @oetljeß ~ermann unb SDorotf)co nod) immer auf bcn 2efer ausüiitV" ,,gobeI unb

!Biß 311r !8m1f1111n bcß crftcn 6d1ütcrß in btn ßcf1rföri,cr.

öfonomie bon i{efdJl)fos' i{gamemnon." ,,SDie \l3~arijäcr in ben bier ~ban• geiien." ,,lffiie fommt es, bon ~omer, bcr im ftrcngften @5inne bes lffiortes 91ationofbidJtcr ll:Jar, bcnnodJ 3ugicidJ für olle Seiten unb !Böifcr gcbid)tet riat?" lffiir l)aucn feinen @runb 3u 31ueifcin, mie es benn oudi ausbrücfücf) uc3cugt luirb, ba[3 bie .2ciftungcn ben ~orberungcn cntii:,rad1cn. ~n einem ®l)nobaiucridJt (1871) Icjcn lllir: ,,~rojJbcm unferc ~[nftart nidJt bie 8aIJI bon ßcfjrern Tiat, lllic äl)niicIJe &nftortcn fic ucfi1Jen, ftcfjen mir bodJ, foll:Jo{JI lllas bcn Umfang bes ltntcrridJts als audJ bic cr3icitcn lRcfuitotc betrifft, bcn ueftcn unter ifJncn nidJt nocIJ, luos frcifidJ nur bcm aufopfernbcn ~feine uniercr \l3ro• fciforcu 3u3ujd1rciuen ijt." SDics 2ou gift gell>iB mit in criter .2inie bem im SDcuticfJcn @cfciitcteu, iiuer boS fidJ jo jeher ber foft onefomt in SDeutid)fonb 011Sociiilbdc11 \.l3oitoren lllo()[ ein Urteil tilben fountc. fü1er ein,:\ biirfcn 1uir, Q900 0 ~ 0 , .

JJ:UZ l',U'ffT111QTa DID fflllt&T

A VCTORITA TE A1''TIS11TVll

A SYNOOO EVANGF.LICA LVTHERA.'IA VISCONSL"ENSI RITE OREATORVM

OHOO PROFESSOK\')f

COLLEGII LVTHERANI HYDROPOLITANI CVI A SOLI CE NO)IES E8J' SORTBWESTER."i' COLLEGE

OomiD..,.tQ

POST ERVDITIONEM PERBENE COMPROBATAM STVOIOR\'M CVHRICVLV)S L': EO PR.\l:scrurronvM

m:cn: h'T llOSESTE COSFECISS& TE3TAT\'R E\'SOE!dQVE

BACCALAVREVM ARTIVM LIBERAL,.IVM RITE c ru:AT CT 1115 ll'SIS LITERlS SOLEM~ITER PROS\' X1'1AT UYDROl'OLI I.S C IVITATE VJSCOSSISJ::SSI

bic tuir uon ber @egentuart ous bie SDingc uei1rteifen, nicfJt aus bem ~{ugc_ Iofirn. mJäfJrenb uniere beutjdJcn ~ungcn oon {Jcute - bas fcljt in ben 90cr ~aTJren ein - fait au_gjd)Iiei3IidJ miteinanber unb im @ejdjtoiiterfrcis unb bicf• fadJ oudJ mit ifJren &Uern engiiicfJ iiired)cn unb rooIJI gröütenteifs besfjaio oft ungiauuiidJ bürftig boruereitet 311 bcm 2el)rcr bes SDeuticIJen fommen, io roar es bamais e{Jer bie englijd)e ®i.,radJc, bie bie SöfJne beutjd)er &Itern iidJ erit im (follcgc bon @runb aus aneignen muäten: faft immer ii:>rad)en fie beutjdj, au ~aufc, unter fidJ, mit bem 2eIJrer. SDamit foll nun nidJt gejagt fein, ba[3 bas &ngliidJe im <io!fcge als ~remb• fi:,rad)e ue{Janbeit rourbc. 9lein, gleicf) in $rofeffor &rnfts erftem Sl'atalog {Jei[3t es: ,,SOieie ®j:>rad)e ll>irb als 3 ro e i t c IDl 11 t t er f p r a dJ e ber ®d)ü• Tcr angefeljen unb bemgemnn Ilc{Janbeit." SDas 8ieI ift alfo geroefen bamafs unb feitbem: bcr ®d)üier foII fid'J eflenfo gcroanbt 1mb ffic[3enb fdjriffiidJ rote

1 \

l!ltl aur l!lerufung bei erften ~Illert in ben S?d1döt1Jer.

münbfüIJ in ber einen tuie in ber anbcren ®prad1e ausbriicfcn fönnen. ~in · l)odJgeftecftcß 8icI, tuie iebermamt 3ugeucn lllirb, ber ba • 1ueil3, ltlas eß I1eif3t: 3\tlci ®prad)en lllirfiidJ bel)mfd)en. !l3ie[ einfadJer liegen in bieler !81?3ieI1una bic !l3erl)ärtni{fe in bcr ®d)uic, bic ber unfrigen IDlufte.r unb !l3orbiib luar, l>em @t)mnafium, unb in berienigcn, nadJ ber fie fidJ bodJ audJ tidJten muü 1uir finb eben in &merifa - , bem I1ieligen ~ollegc: in beiben I e b t ber ®c{Jii• Icr nur in e i n e r Sprad)e, nur e i n e ift Ieine ID?utterlpradJc. !maß bic &ufgabe nod) fd)luieriger mad)tc, IUor, 1Uie icne @5telfe im @511110• baThcridJt l)erborl)ebt, bie bcrI1äitnismöf3ig ffeine 8a[JI ber SM1m; anberc ~o[, legcß l)ierauianbe, IUenigftcnß bic engiildJen, I1atten bei bcr gicidJcn @5dJiirer• 3al)[ IUeü mcl)r S!el)rer. SDamit bas berftänbiidJ lllirb, fdJicf~n IUir einige 8aI1Icn I1infid1tlidJ ber i)'l'C• quena boraus unb geben babci getrennt bic 8aI1I ber @t)nmafiaftcn an. @1Jmnalialtcn @clamt30I1I ~a{Jr 1870-71. ..... . . ... . .. 132. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 1871-72 . .. .. .. ... . . . . 136 . .. . . . .. .. . . . . 68 1872-73 . . .. . . . . . .. . .. 156 . . .. . .. . .... .. 77 1873-74 . . ... . . ... .. ... . 174. . ..... . . .. . . . . 100 1874-75 . . . .. . . . •. . . . . . 174 .... . . .. .. . . . . 80 1875-76 . .... . ... . . . . . 216 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !>3 1876-77 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 200. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 1877-78 . .. . .. . . ... . . . 184 . . . .. .... . . . .. 93 1878-79 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 174 . . . . . . . . . ... . . no SDic 80I1I ber fog. &fabcmiftcn 1uar bamafs 3umciicn chuas oröücr af?. ~ic her @t)mnafiaftcn. @5o 1870-71 (74.), 1875-76 (123), 1876-77 ( \ t n. $Dielen @5dJüfern ber Wfabcmic IUar es um "a liberal English and busincss education" au tun, unb eine foidJe eben 1uoIItc bicic ~(litciTung bieten. <Sie molltc nadJ bem Stataiog bon 1870-71 „bie ~[ufgabc bcr unteren unb mittle, ren !Wallen einer beutfdJen 9lea[fdJufe Iöfen." ~inigc ~öd1cr ousgcnommcn. nal)men bie @5d)üfer an bem Unterrid1t bcr @11mnalia{f[alfc11 tciL SDic erik Sl'Ialle, bie in ber !Jleaiautei[ung baß &ugangsei;amen beitanb unb mit einem entfpred)enben SDipiom bie ~(nftalt bcriieü, mar bicicniiJe bon 1877-78 : @5a, mueI ~aII, S!ce @5finner, bcibc aus !ffiatertoltln, unb ~uiius 8 cUmann aus IDlinnecoia, IDlinn. 1880-81 ltlurbe bcr 2eIJrl)Ian reb'ibiert, unb es 1uurbc11 aud) befonbere !l3orfeI1runge11 für bicicnigen getroffen, bie 'jidJ a[s @emeinl>c• id)ullel)rer außbiibcn ltlollten. !Bon 7 S!el)rern lllUrbe ltlä{Jrenb bcr 70cr ~a{Jrc bcr gefamte U11terrid1t er• teirt unb aumeifen (1874-75, 1878-79, 1879-80) ltlaren es nur fecfJs. SDie geringe S!el)rer3al)I brad)te es mit ficfJ, bal3 berfd)\ebene Sl'Ialfen font• biniert murben. ~ine Obertertia unb Oberfefunba gab cß nid)t unb gibt' ·eß ljeute nod) nicfJt, aber bon ~nfang an (1871-72). gab eß ·eine Unter~ unli Obertirima. SDiele beiben ~fallen ltlurben falt 9iß in uniere Stag{fdhtbinierf. ijerner bie st:ertia, (Freshman Class) unb bie @5efunba (Sophomort Väass). ...~.~-:,. : . ...

· "' :

!Bill 311r !8crufuno bell crften C5d)ftf.cr!l in bcn 1!e~rfilti,er.

<So 1uurlle, um nur einen unll faum llen f<f)Iimmften übefftanll au nennen, llen llies aur ~ofge Ijattc, in ller :itertia, bie es gerabe traf, römifdJe @e[<f)idJte unb bann cr[t im ®cfunbajaijr orientaiifd1e unb griedJHdJc @efa,ia,te getrieben.· CSeioft in ben unteren ~ Ia[fen giiff man in einigen ~ä<f)ern au biefem !Dfütcr, um bic <Stunben unteraubringen. 9?idJ!Bbeftoroeniger Ijatten bie ~eijrer llurdJ• idJnittridJ 32 UntcrridJtßftunbcn in ber !ffiodJe 3u geben, ja, 1875-76, 3ur .Seit ber gröäten ijrequcn3, gaben einige fogar roäijrenll bes gröf3ten 5teiles beß ~af1res 36 bis 37 Unterri<f)tsflunben, ,,1uo3u nod) bic fcIJt 3citraubenben Sl'orrefturen famcn." ,,lifä liegt auf bcr ~anb," bcmerft ba3u ber bctrcffcnbe ®tJnoba(beridJt, ,,baü eine fofcf)c 2Crbcit fid) auf füc SDauer nic!Jt tuirb bcroäf• tigcn faffen, unb baf3 nur bie gröf3te ,Opfer1umigfeit unb ~ingebung be~ ci113efncn SM1rcr cß bißljcr mögiid) gcma<f)t fiat, allen Wnforberungcn, bic an baß ~offegc ocftcrrt 1uurbcn, gercdJt au werben." rolan Ijalte bageoen, ruas bon einem fJcutigen iübedef1rcr in SDeutfd1Ianb - unb· ruir rui[fen, baf3 iTJm bei ieiner gffü13enbcn !Uorbilbung bcr <Stoff feine IDliifJe mac{jt - geforbert roirb : · 20 <Stunbcn! ~ af3 tro~bem !Uortrefffid1cs gcfoiftet ruurbe, ift fdJon IjcrborgefJoben ruor• bcn. Suns 3cigt aud) gfcidJ bie erftc &biturientenffa[fc, bcren bier @Heber icbctJcit freubig (lcfonnten, luiebief fie !illatedorun berbanfen. ~eber bon ifJncn ilanb im 2eben feinen Wlann. (finer, ber friifJbollenbete ~ofiannes !lJa• bi ug, 6 ofin beß \l3riifc.s, ent[d1ieb fidJ fiir ball ®tubi111n ber rolcbi3in, bie an• bcrcn bicnkn ober bienen ber fürd1e. SDientcn ; bcnn Otto 4?ol)cr, \l3rofe[for bcr stJ,cofogic in <Saginalu, borijer SDireftor bes 2cijrerfeminarß in 9iel1J Ufm, [d1fictfid1 \Urofc[for unb ~nfpcftor in unferer Wnftart - er ift bereits Ijeim• grgonocn. !zine \l3rofc[fur unb bann bos Wmt eines \l3räfes Ijot oud} \l3oflor Cfrbmon11 \l3onforu beffcibct, unb bcr 9?od1fofger !illoftfJers, ~ron3 \l3ieper. \l3riijc{l llctl srr1cofogifd1cn <Seminars au <St. .2ouiß unll lange \l3räfes ber gc• fo ntfcn ID?i[iouriftJnobe, roie forrte er nicf)t in befonberem <Sinne ber <Stof3 ber ~(nflart fein ! !illomit freiTicfJ nid1t gefogt fein foll, baü bic 2Cfmo Wloter fie 11id1t cucnfo ficu geijobt f1iittc, ruenn fie, ruie fo biefo iljrer brabften unb tiidr tioften <Söljne, lueniger Ijerborgetrcten roären. <Sie Ijot fic affe Heb unb am meiften bielleidJt ben fd1fid1ten 2onbpoftor, ber in ber !l3erborgengeit bie ~edJ• testreue 3eigt, bie ber .\')err bon ben Seinen forbcrt. @;s muf3 für SDr. IDleu• mann unb ben SDirefto~ ein :itgg _inniger. ireube gero.efen fein, ars am 2. ~un 1872 „in einem feieriid1en 9lebeaftuß," roie er feitbem am CS<f)fuffe faft jebeß llnterricfJtßjoijreß ftattfonb, biefe erften &biturienten „im 9?amen bes moters, bell Soijneß unb bctl 'f)eiHgen @eiftes au!! unferem @5c{jufüerbonbe entraf[en tuur• ben." ~n brei <Spracf)en, ber Iateinif<f)en, ber engrifcf)en unb ber beutfc!Jen, 1uurbe11 bott ben bier ®cf)ürern !neben geijartcn - ein !8roudJ, bon bem man biß Ijeute 110d} nid)t abgeroic!Jen ift, fair!! eine genügenbe .8aijr 2Cbiturienten bor• Iianbcn 1uor; benn es ift audJ borgefommen, bof3 nur einer grabuierte. roie 1874 @ottrob !DHiijIIjäufer, bcr ~o'f)n bes ~cnior!!, ber eine IateinifdJe !Rebe giert.

ll!ll! 3ut !Bcmfuno bei! ctflcn 6dJllfcrl! In bcn ßcT1rföti,cr.

B'laclj einem !8oarl>liefdJh113 (1. ~uni 1872) erijieiten l>ie @Iiel>er l>cr ali• gefJenl>en Sl'Iaffe 11adJ lieftanl>encm !Olahtrität!leiamen l>en fJiequianl>e iiliiidJen 5.!:ite{ eine!! Baccalaureus Artium. 91adJträglicfJ luurl>e l>iefer stiteI (10. @September 1872) l>em im fil°Joml,Jfon'idJen Stataiog bon 1869-70 aill ~unior genannten stud. theol. stfJeol>or !8enfon beriiefien. ~CucfJ lieidJ[of3 l>rr l!Joarl> am 16. ~uni 1873, ,,l>af3 uniere iJt @St. ~ouill flul>iercnben ®htl>enten lieim

!!i!oij111111n bcß 'i!rälibrntrn.

~ligange bom tfJcoiogiidJen <Seminar eine ~[lifJanblung iilicr ein ifJncn gcgclie• ncs srriema in IatciniidJer, engiiidJcr oller l>eutfcfJer @5)JradJc 311 ficiern fJa'6e11, luenn fie auf l>en stitel Magister Artium ~Cnfl,JrudJ madJen tuoilen." ~einer l>cr ~(Jeofogen !Jat l>amafl! IJierbon @eoraudJ gemadJt, unb flJäter mar eg audJ nur lßaftor @. IDlilCJITJäufer, l>er fidJ um iCJn lie1uarli, lucil er fidJ bem IJÖ{Jercn 2~ljramte tuil>men tuoiltc; er erlJiert iljn 11adJ ~infcnl>ung einer IatcinijdJ ge• fdJrieoenen mliIJanl>Iung, l>ie l>en ~(nforl>erungen genügte. SDagcgen erlJieU

!Bi6 3ur lam1f11119 bc6 crftcn 6d1litcr6 in bcn .ßcijrfilti,cr.

ein anbetet, bcn tuir afs @Hieb ber erften Sl'Taife antrafen, ~oljanncs !Babing, im ~ufi 1875 bic[cn 5titcf. SDt. filolJ fertigte l:>amafs ein SDip!omformuTar an, l>a!l in 100 &i;cmµfarcn fJcrge[tcrrt ttmrbe. SDcr &mpföngcr 3a{Jfte $10. Um mm tuieber auf bie .8ufmmnenie1Jung bes .2eljretforrcgiums 3uriicf3u• fommen, fo fiifft auf, bau in ben 70er ~aljren nur cinmaf 31Uei (1876-78) · ~afJre ljintcreinanbcr genau l:>icfcf6en 2efJrcr an ber filnftart roitften. mcr Sl'ata!oo llon 1872- 73 ucbauert bie !ffieg6erufuno \ßaftor filbef6ergs mcfl>cn 311 miilfcn, bic afs idJtuercr meduft cmpfunben tuurbc; bcnn er roar nidJt nur ber <SecT[orgcr l>cr Wnftart unb llercn engfi[dJet 91efioionslcTJter, [on• bern er crteiftc a11d1 3. st. ben cngfiidJen llnterridJt. Um es ofeidJ au fagen: l>iefer Statafog, ber tuie ber fofgenbc am mciiten f01Uof1f l>er ~CnTage roie l>em ß'.ormate nadJ einem l>eutfdJen ®dJnii1rogramm iiIJnfidJ fiefJt, i[t audJ um bes• 1uiffen merf1uiirbio, 1ueif er als cin3iger eine llon einem ~efJtet llerfaute roiffen• h{JaitridJe 9fr(1eit bringt, nömfidJ eine llon SDr. filolJ in elegantem 2atein ge• fdJricficne 9((ifJmtbfung uctitclt: Ecclesiac Lutheranae · Gymnasiorum quae sint propria. 1872- 73 IUar CllldJ .ITartcnurunnB Teutcs ~aTJr; fein filadJfoT• ocr 11111rile -. 6 111itTJ, ein 6dJiifer bes llr[inu!l <:rorrcoc unl:> ber filormaI[djuie c>ll stullto1un, ~a. : er ii6crnaljm einen steil l>cs .cngfifdJen UnterridJfä unb uiieu 6iß 1875- 76. t n füip3ig unb @öttingcn Iiatte Si'anl>ibat ber stfieo!ogic &cfe[• mmm fh1 llic rt, llcr, 311m ~i[fs[cfJrer berufen, im ofcicfJen ~a{Jre \Orbinariuß bc?t <Serta tumbe. ~cnn ~rof. [rnjt unl> SDr. 91o1J Tiatten nidJt nur 1872 ball ilrutjdJc . 1(aifcn(111d1 eingejiifJrt, jonbern icbe füafie {Jatte a11dJ nadJ beutjdJer m!cije - llli r fJa6cn [c!Jon 0lllci t1oriicr genannt - iTJrcn füaHcnfcTJrcr. &cfeT• mann Tilic(1 nm ein ~afJt; a6cr 1uic!Jtiorr 1uar, baf3 l>ies ~aTJt 1873- 74 audJ lla~ fette ~rofcfior <StcfHJornB 1uar, l>cr feit 1870- 71, aTjo fiinf ~afJrc Iang, bcr 9fufta[t gebicut r,atte, llllb t1on l>em es im @5tJnobaf6cridJt {Jeiut: ,,!mir bet• liercn in ifJm eine 1m1l nidJt nm TiefigelUorbcne \ßerjöniidJfeit, fonbern aud'J eine tiic[Jtige s::?efJrfraft." [s [Jatte fidJ a[s not1ucnbig TJt:tau!lgcjtcrrt, bcn mit ber ~füijjomiitJnobe gejdJfofjcncn !.ßetfrag a11f3ufieue11. &s gefdjafJ alierbing3 in einer fiir I1eibe ®l)11obafföri1cr 0ufricbcnftef!cnbcn !ffieife; aocr nun bcrfor l>ic ~(nfta[t nidJt nm einen orbentridJen \llrofcffor, fonbcrn audJ 40 l>iefcr @5'tJ• nobc angefiörigc ®d)il[er. mer !BcfudJ miff ourifdJcr ®diiifer fJötfe freifidj audJ ltlcitctfJin nidit gan3 auf. ®'o ufieo bamafs bodJ 110d) eine gan3 anfe!iniidje .8aTJ[, nömiidJ 22. &rft feit ben mcrljanbfungcn 6C3iiglicfJ ber !ffiiebcrcröffnung eines eigenen ®cminarß 1877-78 nnb bann fiefonbers feit bcr @riinbung bes lroncorbia lrorrege in ID?i!tuaufec rourbc baß onbcrs. S!)ic ®'l)nobe fudJte \)Jro• feffor ®tcf[TJorn au riarten; fie roorrtc ifJn aTs einen tJon iljr uefofbcten \)Jrofcf• for anftcT[cn unl> uot i[Jm ein @cfJaft llon $1000 an; auer et fcljutc afi. S!)aß an ifJn geridjtcte !l3crufungßfdJreiucn tumbe bem !Boarbprotofoff ein• bcdeiut. !mir geben es ljicr roicbcr, ba in bieicm S!)ofument ein fformuiar feftge!cgt IUitb, bas in arren lucienUinJCll \ßunrten uis auf bcn Ijeutigen Stag jebct .!Bcrufungsurfunl>e 3u @runbc gciegt roirb. @s Tautet: ,,filadjbem in ei)Jer orbentfidJ aufammenocmfencn ®itJung bes !8cr1uaThmgßratc!l l:>cr 2fn•.

lBU! aur lBctufung bell ctftcn IESd11Uctl! in bcn ßcf1dilt1>cr.

ftalten ber cb..Iutg. <5t)nobe bon !illißconfin u. a. ®t. hie WnfteITuno eines @tJmnafialprofefforß grünblidJ erhlooen unb oefdiloffcn llJorbcn unb hie !illaIJI eineß foid)cn einftimmig auf 4';,errn . . . . . oefarien, fteIIt hie oetrcffcnbc !Be• {Jörbe Iiicrmit liemfeloen hie !8erufßurfunbe auß. SDer !BerllJaltungßrat ber Wnftaiten bcr <5t)nobe bon !illißconfin u. n. <St. berpflidJtet <Sie in biefem !Berufe nadJ @otteil !illort unb ben !l:lcfcnntnisfdJrif • ien ber cb.•Iutg. ffirdJe ~i)r SMiramt 311 fiirJren; baß\eH>e treu unb ge1uiiicn(1aft 3u berllJaitcn,. ~r1re 8eit unb füäfte bem ~(ufoou bcß !illetfcß, 311 bem luir Sie ocrnfcn, au hlillmcn unb in oriibcriidJem ltinbemeIJmcn [idJ in llie ~h:ocit 311 teilen. S.i)agege11 berfpredJen luir ~IJ1fe11 einen iäIJrlidJrn @cfJalt t>on ..... 311 3al)Icn unb <Sie i11 ~IJrcm Wmte allc3eit nndJ fuäftcn 3u unt<'ritiil;cn. ~nbem llJir ben 4';,crrn bitten, baf.l ltr ~fJr 4';,cra ba(Jin fcnfc1f 1uoITc, bicfcn !Beruf als ei11e11 göttiidJcn 3u erfcnnen unb iIJm ~ofoe 3u fciftcn, acidJnen im ~uftrage beß !BerllJOitu~gßrateB ~- !8 a b i n o, l_ßräies. !8. U 11 ur o b t, <Scfrctär." !miiluaufce, ben 14. ~uli 1874. S.i)ie ijafuftät märe in arger- !lJcdeocnfJeit oeiucicn, 1ucnn nicIJt ein <Scmi• narift interimiftiidJ i11 bie 2iicfe gehmmgen tuäre. @ß lunr bcr !l:lntbrr bes SDr. 9foti, ltugen 9fot!, bcr - feine !!3oroifbung empfing er eoeninffß in 9Jlauf. 6ron11 - nadJ cinjäl)rigem Wufentr1art in !illaterto1u11 im ~uni 1873 ba~ ~((J. gangBeramen oeftanben Iiatte. ®ein g:Iciü 1111b feine ,.0~1fcr1uillioc @nnaoc" fanbcn fd)on bamals mic aud1 fµätcr, alß er einer unfcrer \ßrofc!foren bcr ~(Jco• Iogie tumbe, bie „tuärmftc ~fncrfcmmno." ~B 1uar baß ~aIJr, in 1ucTd1e111 t>on ber <5tJnobe - im WpriI - baß ~uliiläum ifJrcs 25jäfJrigen meftcficnS gcf cied tuurbc. !illol)l banftt!n ba \l3nftorcn nnb @cmcinbcn frcubig oc1ucgt fiir bie etfal)rene SDurdJl)iife @ottes in mand1en 91öten, alicr neue Bföte, neue id11ucrc Wufgaben tuollten fic fdJrccfcn. SDcnn ein I)artcr <SdJlag Iiatte lufüJrenb ber !illeif)nad)tBferien, in ber 91ad)t bom 29. auf ben 30. SDe3cmocr, [ie unb iTJrc &nftait getroffen: bas 1868 crriditete !illo{Jnoeoäube ber <Sd1iilcr 1uar, oTJnc baä man faoen fonntc, hlie bas o;eucr cntftanben, IiiB auf ben !!Joben niebcr• g·ebrannt, unb bicic !lJorrätc in bellen SMierräumcn tuarcn bernidJtet 1uorben. SDie <Sd}üieraafJl 1uud)s, tuic tuir fa{Jen, um biefe 8eit oeftänbig; filnmeibungen unb Wnfragen neuer <Sd)iller für bas näd)ftc <Sd)uiiafJr famen in oroüer 8 aIJI; bie in bem aogeorannten @eoäube borf)anbenen "16 !Räume - audJ 2efirer, 1uie CfofterblltJ, tuof)nten bort - tuaren üoerfüIIt, afß baß Ungiücf fam. 1872- 73 llJar bie nod) ievt fte{Jenbe unb aIB foid)e lienu!Jte \l3räfibententuofJnung errid)tet ltlorben; nun foIIte aud} ber ~nfpeftor eine eincne !illof)nuno gaben. ~erner liraudjte man minbeffenß atuei neue gröbere 2efJr3immer. IDaB ltrgeoniß ber aifo notroenbig getuorbencn !lJerf)anblungcn hlar, baf3 am 1. <September 1875, bem stage ber fcierlid)cn @intueiIJung, ein· ncueß grof3cß breiftö<figeß !8acfftein• geliäube, baß für 50-60 <Sd)ilicr lnaum oot unb aud) bie g:amiiientuoIJnung beß ~nfpeftotß entriieit, auf bem &nftaitBgrunbfti.i<f ffönb. iin arneiftö<fige~

!8il! 3ur !8ctuf11110 bell crftcu 6i:f1ütcrll in bcn i!e~rfilti,cr.

~i11terbau bot in feinem oberen ®toc!tuerf atuci gro&e ®d1faffäfo, tuäf)renb ber untere :iteiI afs Chapel benuut tuurbe. ~ier fanben bon jeut an audj bie @idj{uf3feicrlid)feiten ftatt, TJier tuurben ehua !!3ortröge gegarten, au benen fidj alle ®dJüfer einfanben. l\Uicr llicier nod} Ticute aiß Wnlloditsfaaf fiir bie ®djü• fcr ller unteren S'tfo!fcn bcnuutc maum fo1111tc 3ugfeidJ infofge einer l>ort an• gcbradJtcn grof3cn ®djicbetiir in 31uci füaffe113immer l:lerltJanbcrt ltJerben. SOcr Umftänll, llof3 111011 l.lon nun (1876) an audJ auf bie @ef1artsunter• ftiiuung ber !minneiotailJnolle 1.Jcr3idJten muüte, brodite glücffidJcrtueiie infolge l>er !mefJreinnofJme 011 ®diufgcfll feine neue ®orge. ®orgen ltJoien freifidj ba. <ts roitll tuiellerIJolt ii6cr 9J?iüerntcn geffogt, llie eine allgemeine @eibnot in llen @emeinlle11 311r ß'.olge (Jottc. ll11ll 111111 fom llie llurdJ l>en 91cu6ou

':!lall 1S75 tttldJltlt ~•~nocbiiubr.

'Bei le6enlligcrem @Hauben, n, ruöre es llennodj nidjt I1cr1.Jorgef1obe tuieller brünftigcrer .l:!ic6c, tuirll nun erltJartet. ,,SOa& bie ~u6efga6e grö&ere eine fJatte 9J1an bal1i11 gefommen. uns faftet, ift ein auf ,,nodJ 1876, it ®t)nollaTherid im es I1eif3t !Baufdiuib," !BeltJeiß, baü toir \ßaftoren 111th @emeinlleafJgeorllnete famt unferen @emeinben nidjt· llen ctifer fiir llic ®adie fJetuiefcn IjafJen, llen fie berbient unb erf)eifdjt. Unfer @ott unll ,t,eiianb Tiat llas ®einige getan. &r 'f)at uniere &nftart ets garten, fJefdjiillt, berforgt, llen !neubau gelingen Iaffen, i'f)r ®djüier feThft au~ entfernten @egenben bes 2anbes augefüf)rt. . .. . SOie .1:!ef)rer gaben l>as ~f)rige geta'n ,in feThftberleugnenller ~ingafJe unb ~reue; ja, freiltJiliig mef)r arß mir if)nen fügiidj T1ötten. auffJürllen bürfen...• , ~r wir {~~ft mit lmferen @~ ($14,000) ucrurfudJte lldicfcnllc ®diufllenlaft.

iBil! 511r !Bm1fu119 bell crfttn 6dJftlcrl! in bcn ßc~rfiri,cr.

mcinbcn, einige tfüJmiidJe %1snaf1men abgcmiinet, finb 3uriicfgeblieC1en." $Die !EdJulb betrug $9,652.50, llJofür iärJrlidJ $657.70 .8infen be3afJit 1ucrben muf3tcn. $Die @JdJiifer nmbten für ben lncft b~ ~a!Jreß 1874-75 ein gemietetes ~nuß in ber WäTJe bc3icfJen, ober· fie tumben bei ijamiTicn in ber @5tal>t unter• gef>rad1t. mlie iTJr ~ein unb <tifer, oefonbers 1876-77, geriiIJmt 1uirb, fo r1atte man aud) nie @runb - unb baß gilt, @ott fei 5.i)anf, audJ fcitl>cllt - iiber biel SttanflJeit, bie t>orgefonunen IUÖre, 3u fragen. oreilidJ einlltaT, im Tctiten icrm 1869, mubte IUcgen einer \l3ocfenci:,ibemie bie filnftnrt gefd1Toffen 1ucrbc11. Unb mm, öebruar 1876, ftaro audJ ,,als erftcr @5dJiiier feit !UeftcIJen ber ~Cn• ftalt,''.. e.in 14iäTJtiger S~i;ta~er, mlm. @rn\)entlJin t>on ber @lt. 9Jfottciöus,@c• mclnbe 'in .ID1ihuciufee, All ber Unterleiußent3ünbung. 5.i)as ~afuftätßprotoforr be§' @5efr~törß :"@aitctbat), baß b&riioer oeridJtet, ift fdJIUar3 Ulltränbert. ~ II · · · .bcr n'ii'.t . 5.t:rauerffor bcTJangcnen Wuln 1uibmcte bem <tntidJiafcncn \Pnftor !Brodmmm, bcr ~ndJ• folgcr ~Cb.cioergß an @lt. ID1arfus; ben bcutfdien ·unb \Profeffor @räbncr bcn engiifdJcn 91adim f. $Die gan3c @5dJuie, 2ef1rcr unb ®d1iirer, bcgicitcte bcn ®arg nadJ bcm !Bngnfiof. \Profeffor @röfmer, bem 1uir Iiier begegnen, trat in biefem @5dJ1tlinT1r (1875-76) nn @5tcrl• r1orns @5teIIe, nad1bcm man fidJ t>ergcbiidJ nn 3lllci ~crrcn in $Dcutfdiionb, \Poftor ~cnfcI in 9J1cf. fungen unb einen geluiffen !llcftor ®'d1i!Ii11g, oc• 1ua1il>t Iiatte. SDrci ~ofirc luirfte er im @legen nn ber filnftalt. ~m ~qtoTog luirb er Professor of _Latin genannt, hlas fcit 187~ $Dr. Wou luar, bcr nun 'Professor of ·the Greek Language fJcif3t. SDos oefagte nun nidJt unb befogt oudJ Iicutc nid)t, bof3 f0Id1e 2cfircr 1111r 1111• tcrrid)t in biefem einen ijocIJ erteifcn. s.i)n3u ift bie .8nf1I bcr 2ciirer 3u ffein, b03u ift bie 8afJl bcr @5tunben, unb gerabe in ben alten @5proclJcn, 3u groü. ®o gaben IUir in fd)on \Prof. @rnft am ben 2ateinief1rer ber \Ptimn, ber er nodJ Qeute ift, fennen gelernt. @5päter Iiat SDr. ~ou 1u_irflicl1 oft ben gcfomten gried)ifdJen UntertidJt übernommen unb IUar olfo IUirUidJ, IUos fein 5.t:itef auß• brücr.te. ~ffier er goo oudJ als bebeutenber ~ebröer ben UntcrridJt in bief em 3od)e. Unb. tuos @röoner oniongt, fo erinnern fidJ nrle @5d1üfer gern bes @e, fd)id)tsunterrid)ts, ben fie in einigen füaHcn oci bem fiinftigen Dr. theol. tinb @efdJid1tsfd1reiber unferer amerifonifdJ•futrJerifd1en stird)e genoffen. !Bicffcitig l:lie er fd)on bomo{ß IUor, luurbe er oudJ lllofJI für ben engfifd)en Unterrid1t t>er• tuanl>t; in ber -~titftart oc11111Jte man boß bon iQ~ berfof3te First Book of Grammar and Composition. llnb booci erlllor'6 er fidJ faft fämtrid)e ~enntniHe, bon einer mtgelllögnHd)en @ebäd)tnisfroft unterftüüt. ·bui:d) eifrigfte @5effiff•

laiB aur !8crnf11110 bell crftcn ed1likrö in llcn l!cf1rförpcr.

oefe6rung. !Bei l>em 300jäTJrigen ~ubiiäum l>er Cfoncorl>ienfotmcT, l>as l>ic ~(njtart 1877 am ®onntag bQt l>em 29. Wlai mit l>et !!Batcrtotuner @emeinl>c feierte, TJicTt et einen gejdJidJtridJen !Bortrag. ' !!Benn et nad) luenigen ~a{jten l>ie 2!nftart tuiel>er IJeriicf3, jo Tag baß l>aran, 1uciI unferc !!Bi.ilconfinft)nol>e, ftatt lueiter iTJre 2!6ih1tientcn nadJ @5t. .s:!ouis au icnl>en, icut (1878) roiel>cr ein eigenes ®cminar _._:_ itt' IDliiluaufce, ieut in ~autuatofa - eröffnete. ,\?ier überna[Jm @täfiner l>ie \l3rofeffur fiir .fürd)en• gefdJidJte unl> neuteftamenfüdJe c;fi;egeje. ~111 foTgenl>en ~aTJre ( 1879-80) jcIJiel> nadJ adJtiäIJriger, aTfo berTJältni!:lmäi3ig Tanger !!Birfjamfeit, aus l>cm 2eTJrerfoUegium aud} \l3rofeffor !8roT1111 auß, l>er au· l>a/3 2cTirerjemit'1ar•·in 2!°1>• bifon berufen tuutl>e. ~ernct tuären fofgenbe ·mctänberungen 3u nennen: 2(11 emitf)'ß ®teUc, ber ~nl>e 1875-76 um feines gepfantcn tfJeoTogijdJen <etu• l>iumß 1uillen feine (fotlaffung naTJm, fam luiel>er ein ®dJiilcr bcr 9formaTfd111Tc in Stuutotun, \lla., ~- SDeilicrt, l>er 3roei ~afJre (1876- 77 unb 1877-78) blieb. ~nur ein ~afJt (1875- 76) blieb l>cr ,\?iifilfcTJrer ~- ®dJmil>t, Dr. med., ber einen :iteil beß naturlUi\ienjdJaft• ficiicn llntcrridJtß iibernafJm, aber fränflidJfeifä• f1nl6er fein filfmt niel>crfegte 1111b nncfJ SDeutjdJfanb 311riicffef1rtc. !BcrjudJillueije 1uurbe 3u 2Cnfang llc~ ®cI111fjnf1reß 1876-77 bcr äuf3crft fäfJige 2(. ~Ta pi1rotfJ angcftent, bcr 1>orf1er afil ~efJrer an t1crjc(Jicbenen 2fnilaftcn SDcutjcfJfanl>s tätig getue• jcn 1unr. ~(uß eigenem 2Cntricbe berTiei3 er nadJ fur3cr Beit bie 2Cnftnrt, ba fidJ bas !BerfJäftnis am 1miinrtr1ar erlui<;s. ~ - @3mitrJ T1at übrigens, luie nmTJ ber arte ~dJüler 0 . ijcllanbt (1876), \l3to• Wir. l!ilm. ~clmar, feiior am ®t. Ofaf @:oUege, Wortf)ficfb, Wlinn., 18 ~abrc Oinburd) 'llrofcf!or an bct ~(n[lalt. stitcr ben in ben 90er ~ar,ren bon ber ijafufüit erTJaftcn. Wlagijter ~Irtium !Bon bcm @:oUege bcr ~otuajl}nobc au @aTena, ~ff., fam 1877 ~(. \llrcllcr au uns. ~in ftrenger SDis3iplinarier, ber feinen @3cfJiiTern gegenüber in l>er Tatei11ifdJc11 ®hmbe burdiaus auf icinem ®dJein bcftanl>, ge1ua1111 er l>odJ ball> bie 2iebe imb 2(dJhmg aller. 9fodJ r,eutc flcTJt jebem, ber ifm im UnterridJt f)atte, fein !Biib !Jot ~Lugen: ein itämmiger, urfräftiger IDlann, in feiner 2!u6• fpradJe fofort bcn !Bal}ern bcrratenb, grobförnig in icinem !!Beien, -ein B=einl> ber IDlobe - in allem, aud) am \l3tebiger, ein Original. !8C3eidJ11cnb fiir feine c;fnetgie ift, bau er nad) feiner !llefignation im ~afJre 1881 nad) SDeutfd)Ianl> 3urücffeTJrte unb bort nadJträglicf} brei &i;amina, bie IDlaturitäisl)riifung unb l>ic beiben trJeofogifdJen \llrilftmgcn bcftanb, fämtridJ glän3e11b. &r 'tDar jafire• Iang \llfarrcr unl> bc3ief)t TJeute l>ie iIJm 3ufommenbe \l3cnfion. 2!udJ fiir bcn 9JlufifuntertidJt im @:ollege tat er mandJerfei: er untcrtuicß bie 2efJtamtßafpirantcn im OrgeffpieI, er organifierte bie crfte ®d)iiferfapelle. &in OrdJefter•

lUI aur lltntfung btl5 crflcn ~c{Jlilcrl5 in bcn ßc~;löri,er.

Uetein beftanb fd}on 1872-73; ben · leitete \ßtofeifor @:afterbal). ID:Is bie ®1J• nobe fid) 1877 in m!atertonm bcrjammeite, moIJnten bie @Heber berfeibcn einem mit Iebenben !Uilbetn betimnbcnen @5dJilicrfon3ert bei, ,,roeidies reidJcn IDeifaff . fanb." @efanguntcrrid)t lUurbe audJ früIJer immer erteirt. . ID:Iß e.r ft et IDiufiffcfJrer - 1865 - 1uirb ~m @äbicr genannt, ber ein !lnufifaiiengefd)äft in mlatertolUn r,atte unb Drganift bcr bortigen @emeinbc IUOr. Wadi einem einmonatlidien \ßrobiforimn bes friifJeren SdJüiers @:rbnionn \ßanforo routbe, aud) 3unäd1ft t,robiforiidJ, D. (fojterbalJ, ber IDruber bes ~Cmos @:afterbal), angefteIIt. &t IUtirbe bann Tutor unb fdJiie\)IidJ Professor of Natural Sciences. 1882-83 IUar· fein IetJtcs ~a(Jr. Si)as fiir bie <SdJiiCcr fo fd)meraHd)e aber 1uar, bau baß g!eidJe ~aIJr audJ ber reidmefegncten !ffiirf• famfeit bes älteren (forterbal) ein @:11be fetJte. !!Bie feinen @5dJiiicrn, bei benen et „in ljofJem ID:nfeIJcn" ftanb, IUurbe audJ i(1m ber tlföfd1ieb fdJluer ; af1er es oab ba <5d)IUierigfeitcn, bie u11iilierlitiicf(1ar id1iene11. 9fodJ tuerbcn in m!aterhnun, att bcr m!eftem ~(benue, 3\uci ~äufer ge3eigt, bie „bie 6eiben (foflerbatJ>'.\" fie roaren iIJre eigenen 8immedeute - bort erridJtctcn unb \Uo(Jin ficfJ, 1urm1 ,,ber ältere" feinen @eliurtstag feierte, ein g,adeI311g feiner <Sdiiifcr (1c1tH'\1Ü', bie es fidJ nid)t nefJmen Iaffewmorrten, bem gciic[1k11 9nat(iematifcr Hirc Qlfii,r, . IUÜnfd)e bar3uliri11ge11. of the Engl ish Professor SntJber, 5t(Jomaß s:!efJrer, britter ein Unb bie· ~fnila(t. Cfr bama[ß uerlicü lllar, .gefommen 1879-80 ber Language, niar borfJer \l3aftor ber IutfJerifdJen @emeinbe in s:!iueri,oof, 9}. 2)., nciucien. · 9lad) bem Dften fefJrte er 3urücf. ~fo \ßreqers @5telle trat \:ßrof. @elifiarbi 1881, ber aber im fo(oenben ~ o• nuar ftarb. Wun lllm;be a I s e r ft e r u n i e r e r f r ii IJ e r e 11 @5 d1 ii ( e r @eorg S?eller berufen. SI)rei ~aIJre Iang gali et, ein treuer unb auücrorbcntridJ ficifiiger 2efJrcr, ber fidJ feiner ®d)iiier l)er3IidJ .annafJm, ben IatciniidJen unb bcutfd)en llnterrid)t in ben unteren Straffen. ~eiber IUar er föri1erTidJ bcn ~(n• ftrengungen, benen gerabe unfere \ßrofefforen fidJ unter3ieIJcn milffen, nidJt geroad}fen. Wus bem \ßfarramt, baß er nun iilicrnaTJm, rief iI111 ber ~err baTb ab. ~n ()af @robe, feiner ~eimat, roo feine irbifdJe ~iiffe in bie &rbe gebettet rourbe, gaben attd) banf6are @5dJiiier bem fo friifJ !8erflor6cnen baß IctJtc @e, feite.

111.

ihrrhlidt Üh?r hir fpütrrru 3Ja11rr. in ben 90er ~afJ• 7fn bem mit bcm ~oTJre 1880 ueginnenben ~aTJr3ef)nt unb) 1111b (1890ill re11 fd)llla11ft bie ®elJiiier3ar,r 3n,ifelJen 130 (1885-86 185 toäTJrenb bie-

91); hie 8aijI 216, bie ~öelJft3afJI in bcn 70er ~ar,ren, ift fer 8 eit nielJt lllieber errcielJt luorben. !!Baß baß s:!e[Jrerfolicgium anlangt, fo ijt cß erfrculielJ, bau ein s:!cTJrcrroeelJfe{, bcr, 1uie fiel} berftcljt, äuf3erft ftörcnb icin fann, eine 8 eitfang 1ue11iger TJäufig \Jorfommt. fillir fi11ben ba einmal im ~MJrerller3cielJniß llon brei (1885-89 ) unb \Jorf)er \Jon 31uei aufcinanberfol• oenbcn <5cfJnljoTJrcn bie[e!Cie mamenreifJe. fillcniger crfreufielJ ift eß, bau fiel) l.lic 9fn[lart llicTfoel) mit 6 s:!e[Jrern Ciegnügen muute. ~rft 189 l erTJä{t fie ben 8. 2c()rer, unb l:>ann llergcfJt .1uiel:>er faft ein ~aijr3cTJnt, cfJe l:>er 9. fein ~(mt nntrill (1899). ~Ujo 1uel:>er in 6e0ug auf l:>en ®elJu{(JefnelJ noelJ in oe3ug auf bie 2efJrcr0ofJT ncfJmcn 1uir in l:>ieicn ~ofJr3efmtcn einen 'f>el:>eutcnben UmfelJ1uung lUOf)l'. ~fu ß l:>cm 11:l[tcn, l:>oß fJeiut auß l:>cn {utfJcriielJcn füeiien bort, famcn noelJ cinmnf 31uci l:>rr neuen s:!efJrcr, llon l:>cnen ber ei11e, lillirriam ®'obtfer, "Instructor in the E ng lish language" unb f.1Jäter \ßroicifor 1uurbe, tuä(Jrenb ber nnl:> ere, mcll. ~ . Wt ~anlJ, jeelJß ~aTJre long ('f>ii:l 1888-89) 9.l1atfJematif IeIJrte. ~ ic [l'ine iriifJeren ®el,ilfer 1uijfen, quiifte fielJ \ßrofeff or 47mtlJ rcbfielJ mit uns ali, nnmcntfiel> wenn ben ®elJlunelJercn unter unß bie cinf biejcrn felJluierigen @cuictc 311 6e[Jer3igenben 3afJ{reidien Rules nimmer ei11{cuel1ten roorrtcn. llnb nuelJ bei[en erinnern fic [idJ noelJ, 11.lic bei ber s:!utfJerfeier 1883 er bie . c11gfi[elJe unb \ßrot. &rnft bic beutfdJe 9lcbe giert. ilfoelJ im \Jorigen ~af)re ge• bael1te er, ein lictagtcr ID?ann, ber fiel) alier noelJ immer ftrelienb liemüljt, in ieinm 5Briefen in s:!ielie ber ®fötte feines einftigen lillirfenß unb feiner alten ~el)ii(cr. ~r ftanb bama{ß im !Begriff, feine bic{en in berjcf)iebenen Seit• felJriftcn erfelJienenen Wuffälle au fammeht unb in !Uucf)form f)eraußaugelien. SDer iugenbfielJe ®abtfer legte felJon naelJ 3ll.Jei ~aljren (1883-84 unb 1884-85) [ein Wmt nieber, um feine ®tubien fortfeucn 311 fönnen. WaelJ feiner $romo• tion ll.Jar ~r an berf~1iebenen Ijö{Jeren ®eliuTen, auTelJt am ID?iblanb <rolfege, 2ft. elJifon, S'tan., alß !ßrofeffor tätig. !ßrobjforifelJ ltlar ,\?crr s.t!J. IDlüTJlen'f>ruel) ber WaelJfolger beß fo früf) f)eim• gegangenen @e.o. SteITer getoorben, liiß iIJtt im folgenben ~af)re (1885-86 ) ltlieber ein früf)erer ®elJüler, fillm. ~- lilleimar, erfeilte. ~(Is bann !ßrof. ~ant refignierte, tourbe !ßrofeffor lilleimar Professor of Mathemat ics, ein oad}, für

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e 11.1elc!Jeß er, 0011.10IJI aucfJ ein guter 5:!ateiner, immer eine oef onbere !l3orlieo 3) 1892-9 ( ijatic unb tuorin er fidJ llJäijrenb eines ifJm ge1uäfJden Urlauliß in ~cutfdjfanb 11.1citcrbilbete. (fr 1uar iafJrefang ®efretfü:, unb ungern fafJen

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1uar, ifm bie übrigen @Heber ber. ~afuftät, benen er itetg ein lielier StoITege im ~aIJre 1903 fdJeiben. ~ucfJ ein fJilfJrer ®diüier 11.1ar lffim. ~ammel)er, ber 1uäfJrenb ieiner 3eIJ11• iä~rigen lffiirfjamfcit (1881- 91) ben Unterridit in ber @eograp[Jie, im (ifog• er• Iifc!Jen in ben unteren SHalfen unb aum steil in l>en 9foturluijfenfdJaften l:>em !Bon Wnfta!t. ber SDienftc im fidJ e beraeIJd er : teilte. IDlan fann fagcn

ft6cr6lid il6cr bie flliitercn 3a~rc.

~ungenleiben, bas ifJn altlang, bas il)m teure Wmt nieberaufegen, brad)te il)m audJ bas fübiidJe Sl'Iima, bas er auffud)te, feine ~eifung. !!Bir llJolfen fJier nid)t nadJ ben @rünben forfdJen, aber 51:'.atfacf)e ift: über ben engiifdJcn UnterridJt ltlar feit einer ffieilje bon ~aljren Slliage gefüljrt ltlor• llen. Unll llJenn llJir nun fragen, lUer ljier .!illanbel fdJaffte, fo müffen lUir einen bierten arten ®dJiifer nennen, ber elienfalls im ~erlifte bes ~aljres 1885 jein Wmt antrat. !!Bir meinen \13rofeffor SDr. ~- ~einridJ iOtt, ber nadJ einer nunmefJr breifiigjäfJrigen erfofgreidJen 5tätigfeit nodJ l)eute bcr 2rnftart bient. !ffienn loir ielit einigermaücn, llJas ben Umfang be.s engiijdJen Unterricf)fä, fidier a6er iuas pfJHologijdJe (haftljeit anfangt, llJol)I ben !l3ergfeidJ mit an• lleren !!offcgcs, bie über 00113 anbete IDlitteI berfügen, ausfJarten fönnen, fo uerllanfen loir es in erftcr 5:!inic ifJm, ber bom erjten $tage an fein möglidJjte.s tat, lliejen ll11tcrridJts31ueig 311 fJeuen. &r gcfJörte, loie !!Beimar, iener bor3üg. IidJcn Stlaiic Uom ~afJre 1885 an, 3u bereu @Hebern lUir ~üngeren mit tie• fem 91cjµeft auf6Iicftcn unll iuefdJe bie l)o(Je &(Jre r,at, folUoljI burdJ ben gegen• 1uörtige11 jj3riifeß iuie audJ ben ®dJa\lmeifter ·ller ®l)nobe unb ben Olimann be!! f1Jnollnfe11 -vnuilöumßfomitceß bertreten au fein. ltnermiibfidJ tötig IJat er bamais in eifrigfter ®efliftlieleljrung ben @runb 311 bc111 uieiieitigen !!Biifen gelegt, bas ifJn aus3eid1net. l!lfül)renb eines alUci• jöfJriarn ltrfnuus; bcn i(jm bie !UefJörbe gelUäIJrte, fJieit er fidJ, um fein ®tu• bi11111 jort311je\je11, ili !Ueriin auf, luo er au ben ~iiüen .Suvi\las faä, unb bann in ~offe, 1uo er nadJ einem magna cum laude ueftanbencn &i;amen im ®om• mer 1892 iiromobicrte. !lliie l,prof. !UrofJm, erteifte SDr. f>tt audJ ben naturlUiffetlldJaftlidJeit Unter• ridJt, 111tb auf feine filfnregung (jin 1uurben fofort bie nod) fe(Jfenbcn dJemifaii• idJen ~(µparate liefdJafft. ~inma( (1894-97) luurbe für biejen Unterricf)t ein 6ejonberer 5:!el)rer lierufen, SDr. stad &rnft, ber ®of)lt be!! SDircftors, iellt lciiirnfdJaftlidJer ®adJbcrftänbigcr unb 5:!eiter einer ®eibenfaurif liei $!JiTa, llefµ(Jia; bodJ feitbcm liegt ber Unterricf}t tuieber in ben ~änben SDr. Otts. !ffiir l)aiien bon ben filftJfängen einer !BiliiiotrJef gejprocf)en. ~(udJ biefe.s 1ue11ige - e.s folien circa 1500 !Bänbe gelUefen fein - ging liei bem !Branbe bon 1894 0um groüen 5teil bcrloren. 5.trovbem freuen ltlir uns ljeute be.s !Be• fi\!cs einer mit feinem @efiifJI fiir ba.s !!BidJtige unb !nötige au.sgelUäljiten unb 11a(je3u 10,000 !Bönbe umfaffenben ftofaen !Biliiiotl)ef. ID1ögen fid} anbere lfoI• Iege.s gfeidJen 9lange.s einer nod) gröäeren !Bänbeaal)I rüf)men, barin übertrifft uniere !BiidJerjammiuttg lUofjI alle - fie lUeift bor allem lUiffenjcf)aftficf)e lffierfe in ll e u t f dJ e r ®pradJe itt grol'3er .SafJI auf. !!Bas mit ben borljanbenen IDfü, tern eriuoriien tuerben fonnte, lUurbe erlUoriien. ~er audJ gute ffreunbe unb @önner feIJften nidJt, bie uns reidiiid) liebacfJten. !lJon bcm 2!Iumnibcrein, bem jtet~ gcrabe bie !Bereid)erung unferer !Bibfiotljef am ~erJen Tag, erljierten lUi~

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t1icfc auüerori:lcntiidJ mcrtuofie @a(1cn, 11. a. bie 4.5 !l3öni:lc 3öIJienbe ~(f(gemcine SDeutfdJe !l3iograpTJic unb l>ic 22 !l3önbe i:ler 9teaicncl)ffopöi:lic für protc[tantiidJe ~eofogic unb fürdJe in ber uon .\)nucf. oe[orgtcn 3. Wuffage. IT;erncr : The New English Dictiona ry, bie Encyclopedia Britannic a in fct}tcr ~(ujfage ui1b bie llieTcn !l3önbc bcr ,,@c[d)id1tsidJrcibcr i:ler bcutidJen !l3oqeit." ~in 9.llit• giieb bes !l3ereinß, ~err Dsfor , @t:iebling, ftiftetc llic bct:iifi111te llllcima rer ~fnßgabc i:>cr i.!.'\krfl21ttTJeril. ~in lt1iiri:ligcs Seiten• jtiirt ba3n llili:ll•t ein llor ft1t'Jr111 crfJoftcncr .8nluacIJß: ~crr ~fugujt 6:. 5trluil t1on ~1/iflumtfc c [rfJcuftc ei ne t10Tfftiinbi11c 11nb i1riidJliü er• fJaltrnc ~olcIJ•Wu sgouc bei: ~llcrfo QutfJCl'S, 24. !füinbc, 1740. (l,CI'• mr llcrmocIJtc bt•r cnt[l{J[o[cne ~ ans QJ11[dJ{1011r1: [eine nrinmtc miicIJcrl'i. @cfcgcntlicIJ bcr T1;titilifJ rigl'll ~ffumni•!l3cr[an1111[11ng o(wr 111ncIJ, trn 31uci 9Jlitgfübr r, ~1ofrr 1ml) 8o[Jn, ,\irrr l,\fo[tor ~[b. ',tlnd1cn• rntr1 t1L1n 9.11ihuoufoc 1111b .~:il'tT l_\.lro[. Wb. mnc{1cnnitrJ, ~11/ . ~1[. (.'~nrt1orb), \l.lrofrf[or n11 lll'r -StJ• rocujc llnillcr[itiit, 9t ~1) ., tl\1?, IL1 • ficnfüucrtc ~[ngcf1ot, bcr mif1liL1tfJcl' iiifJriid'i fiinf11nll31unn3io Si\ 11lnr?, :lnf~r!lot ~tof. llllatth1 ~lcfmann, fiir !l3iiciirr 3n fcIJcnfcn, bi1• 1111il'r ~({itcifung {1illll' n j111ll-n. Efo bcionberc eine ~oHedion t~ !l3nebenro 9fomcn lll'lll lllofien fie bas @cböd}hli6 lle6 !l3aterß be31u. @roi,t1oterß, luriTanb ~1ttclJ!Jii11Mrrs in ~atertollln, eTJrcn. ~er es 111111 oefeTJen fiat, tuie mr. Dtt an moncIJcm fJci&cn tJrL~ric11too an jeinem @5d)reibtifdJ in llem biefem Siuelfe Iciller lucnig cntjpreciienben füa11111e fnü 1mb neue ~erfe cinfteate unll fatafogijiertc, ller meif3, 1ucslj0Ib 1uir llicjes (~}egenftanlleß in bicfcm 8ufammenf)ongc gcllcnfcn: i f} 111 ift c~ llor ollem 3u3ufdJrci6e11 unll feinem ftillen ~irfen, tuenn luir eil bafJin gcuradit f)oben. l..s.lerne tucilt er, 3um !l3iuiiotf)cfar luie gefdiaffcn, unter „ feinen" mi.idicrn, 1111ll i.mmer roeiü er mat, tuenn ein ~iübegieriger &111:Jfunft TJeiidJeni:l 311 ifJm fommt. !IDeidie ~megung bieten llodJ bicfc miidJerfciiöuc, unter ller rcditen ~(nfeihmg bcnulJt, unfcrcn @5dJiilem, unll 1uie nötig finb fie fiir llen SMJrer, 1um er aucIJ nur einigerrnaüen TJeute auf bern. s:!aufcnllcn bfeiuen 1 Si)as ei113igc, tuoß ba

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nun nodJ fefJit, Ht eine bicjcr !!3i6Ciotficf 1uiirbigc !Bcfiaujuug unb mit igr ein füfeiaar, in 1ucfdJem bic !l3iidJcr bcm mcnu(lcr feidJt 3ugöngiidJ gemad)t tuerllen. fil(JgeicIJen bon bem ic(ligeu SDr. mcb. ~- 91. \ßhtm, ber afs Instruc tor in Naturai Science (1891-9 4), unb \ßaflor !8ieben1ucg (1893-9 5), her pro, llijoriid1 afs 2atcinicIJrcr bcr unteren füaiicn angeftent 1u11tbc, n,aren iömt• Iidie 2eIJrcr bicf cs ~aIJt3cfJllt5 friifJcre ®dJiifcr. 811 ben fdion· @cnanntcn, Ott, lillcimar unb •Sf. (trnjt, fommen bic \l3rofeiforcn ~ oIJ. 5iö'(j!cr, K ediröbef (1889 - 93; s::!atein), ~11Ii111J @amm (189 11-02; English and Comme rcial Branche s), ütto .\)otJcr, ~(. .fütf}n. icrncr Mc -~Wii!lcIJrcr @. ltrnfl ( 181JO - 92; 1893 - 9,1) llttb ~tl. ~cmMc ( 1899-0 1). 9lntlrca:; ®diröbe{, ficrnadJ \pajtor in e t. \ßa11I, iit 6ereiHl IJeitnl)c!Jnngcn. ~ uliuil @amm, bcr jiinoitc So(Jn beil iriHJer· ge• 11a1111k11 9f111311ft @amm, ijt \)3n, ftor i:lrr @cmcinbc 0u ~a füoiic. '-t'ic S cfJiifcr3aIJl fdimanftc 31uijctJc11 13-1 1111b 185, 1111b 31uar in abjkigcnt>cr !8c1ueo1111g. 9fo dit>cm er 1•l ~afJrc „t>it• 9RiifJit•Ti11l'eitc11" llcil ~ nfµcfto • rat?, gdrnl)ctt , IUoffte SDr. 9fo~, tlcr t>amarn eine !ill0Iinu1111 in bcr ®labt I1e3og, 1886 llies ~(mt 11icbcrft•1Jrn, af1cr man bat ifJtt, 1uc11iofkn~ bas Oberinipcftorat Iici3116cIJ alte11, \uöIJrmb ifJm ü tt 11nt> !l.'Beimar als ~i(fsi11jpcftorcn 311r ®eitc jta11ben. 1888-8 9 1uurbc bann bcr ic~igc fürdJctt'(jiftorifcr in unfcrcm ®cminar, \l3rofciior .~IJier, 3um ~nfpcftor Iicrufcn, 1111b als er aus @cjunb'(jeitßriicfiidJten bies ~rmt nieberiegen mu[lte, fofgte iIJm 1895 \ßrofeffor Otto ~ot)cr, ber bann 1902 0011 \ßrofeifor ~- IDtet)cr abgeföft 1uurbe. !!Jeille, \ßrof. stöIJfer fotuoIJI tuic lßrof. [i}ot)er, ofie• Iicn nouJ einige ~afire nadJ \nieberieguno bes ~niveftorats am 5:!e'(jrer mit bcr ~(nftart beriiunben, ber erftere Iiis 1899 afs· \'ßrofeffor ber @efd)idJte, ber Ie~tcrc bis 3u jeinem ~bc, 1905. ;'sn ber erjten 5tertia trafen loir lßrof. [i}ot)cr an, unb bann tuiebcr in ber erften filoiturientenffai[e: in ber Wnftart I1at er aud) fein s::!eiieit Iiefd)foffen. ~(n lßrof. IDlelJers ®teICe, bem bie !!Jiirbe 3u fd)luer tuurbc, trat in bemfeIIien ~a'(jre, 1902, lßrof. Wartin &icfmann, ber lleraeitige

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~njpeftor. !ffiie jeine morgöngcr, fo1ueit fic nocfJ Icuen, geluifi 3uocue11 1uerl)e11, ift bieß ~Cmt moTJ[ bas an IDHi'f)en reic{Jite 1ml) ld1111ieriofte in l)er ®t)nobe. @s oe'f)ören uejonl)ers fräftigc ®cfiurtcrn ba3u unl) eine jeluftuerfeuoncnl>e .'Qinoauc, tuie fie unjer \ßrof. @icfmamt bom erjten '.itaoe an bis 3ur ®tunl)e in io TioIJent . ID?af3e geaeiot 'f)at. fil\ie \ßröf. .\]ot)er, TJat l)cr .\jm nudJ \ßrof. &luert :StuTJn, ber 1.1011 1897 uiß 1912 an ber &nftalt als 2c[Jrer l)eß @noTiicIJen 11111) l)er @eooraplJie 1uirfte, I1cimgeTJ0It au feiner ~reube. ~n l)cm 1.1011 ~ugenl) nn fdJluödJiidJcn unl) 311• le!Jt jied)en .\'fürper moTJnte ciue eiferne !ffiirlenßfrnft: foianoe er ocTJcn fonnte, erfüllte er gctreulid) bie \13flidJten Ieines !!Jerufeß. lillic es jn jcinem 9fodJrn f fJiefi: baß ~olTcgc l.lerlor in iIJm eiue tiidJtige .l:!ciirfraft, feine 8 d1iifcr n(H•r, uei l>cnen er fefJr lielicut 1unr, einen 1.1öterlicI1en ß're1111l>. \ßrof. Sht'f)n oab audJ UnterridJt in ber @5tenoornpIJie, in l>rr lnudifiifJl'IIHIJ 11. f. 1u. SDie arte 9tealabteiluno (Acadcmy) 1uurl>e icitl>cm meI1r 1111l> 111cIJr ein Commcrcial Department ; fo IJcifit jic iel!t. tYreilidJ lunr in einigen bicjer gäd)cr, 3. !8. im !8udJfiiTJren, jdJon l.lor iIJm, in l>en 80er ~olJrcn, ll11terrid1t Qrteiit 1uorl>cn. !ffienn IUir oben fcftfterrten, l>afi friil)cr l>ie 8aijI l>cr !nenljdJii!er llieje11 ioc l>cr @gmnajiaften überragte, jo tritt in ben 80cr ~nTJten fiierin eine imc11l>11110 ein, tuenn aud> bei l>er nidJt geral>e orofien @efa11tt3nIJI llic 8 nijI ller 9ffnlle• miften feineßtuegs Uein genannt 1ucrl>cn fann. 1886- 87 iunren es 79 @IJIII• najiaftcn unl> 65 9tcaijdJiiler, 1888-89 fJören luir 1.1011 98 @1J11111njinjte11 null 65 !Jtcaifd)iiiern. @inma[ (1884) !Jiert bei ben ®dJlufifeieriid:ifcitcn ein 9lfnl'le• mift, @:fJaries ®finner, !ffiaterto1un, l>ic cnoTiicfJc 9Mie. @:Stets TinI1c11 llie @3rfJii• lcr bicfcr &uteiftmg, ob jie nnn l>en l.lorgejdJrieuenen fü1ri11ß 1.J ofle11l)etc11 l1bcr nur einioe ~aIJre ulieoen, l>ie oröfite ~CniiönoTidJfcit oe3eiot, null icrn fic\11 eß ifJrer Alma Mater, fic als ®tieffinl>cr anjcTJcn unl> ueTJanl>ein 311 iuoflcn, jie, l>ie io oft l>urdJ l>ic 5tat oeroiefen fJaoen, llni3 iIJncn l>cr @3c{Jnie lffiofJI 1111b lffic(Je am .\7er3en Hegt. IDfü l>er Academy luar ein Normal Department l.lerlinnl>en, 11111) l>ns 1unr für bie @3t)nol>e ber tuidJtigere 5teiI, l>enn ·IJier 1uurl>en l>ie @emeinlleidJuflcIJrer a~gebilllet. @5old)e @3d)ü[cr „rourl,en bon llem UnterridJt in l)cr m?nt'f)emntif unb ben 91aturluiifcnicIJaften l>er ueil>cn oberen füajfen l>er ~lfallemie l>ißpcn• iiert unl> er'f)ierten ftatt l>e\ien roeiteren llntcrricfJt in ller 9Migion, in l)cr l.lJ?ufif unl> in ber @raiefiungß• unl> UnterridJtsleijre." &fä baß ~olTeoe fein 25iöriri• ges ~uoiiäum feierte, 1890, gralluierten nidJt nur 14 @gmnajiaften, bis l>a• ljin bie gröüte ~Iafie, fonllern audJ 6 2eIJrer. ~m ~aijre 1891-92 roaren 11 ®dJüfcr in bieier &liteifung; 63 luaren in l>er ~(fallcmie unll 104. im @t)mna• fium. 1899-1900 Iiören luir nur non 140 @t)mnafiajten unll :l 4. Special Studen.ts. lffias bas !Berid)luinl>en l>cr "Norma1''•@3d)üler anlangt, fo erflärt fid) baß l>o.burd), baü 1893 in 9?cro Ulm ein befonl>eres 2eIJrerfeminar eröffnet

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luurbe; bomit iuurbc bieie Wf,tcifung ülierfiiiffig. SDoß ift oud) 3. 5t. ber @runb bcr tticbrigercn !UcfucI}s3ifjer in ller 31ueiten ,\?Öiftc ber 90er ~o(Jre. SDo tJielfodJ, nomentlidJ nuß ~onbgemcinbcn, tuo bie ®d}uic nur boß \llötigfte liot, @5cIJiifer 3u uns fomcn unb nod} fommen, bic 3um &intritt in bic unterfte @tJmnofiofffaffe (®crta) nocIJ nicIJt lieföTJigt finb, fo rourbe 1902 eine ToteinTofe <Septima eingericiitct, in bei: bieie ScI}iiret: ben ltnterricIJt einer f)öfJercn @e• 111cinbefcIJ11(f(ojje empfangen. WucIJ fommen oft genug fortgejcIJrittenc ®cIJii!er auß engliicIJen ®cIJuicn, bie· ficIJ auf bos \ßrebigtamt tJoruereiten luorfcn, bic 0(1er im mcutjdJen fo fdJtuadJ finb, bofi fic tuebcr bem beutjcIJcn nocIJ bcm Totcini• fd}en ltntcrridJt jo(gen fönnen; IJicr wirb irJnen eine @cfcgen(Jeit oeoclien, bns !!lerjöumte nodJ31tfJo• fcn. ~ ic ®ttmbcn tuerbrn unter bie ~cfJrrr uedeift. ~ omn(ß frei• fidJ n1mbe jiir biefe SHoife ein @c, meinbejd111ffcf1rcr, Srod ~of!e, ue• ru irn. nf1cr bicjcr IJot iidJ feitllem in 9.1/nl:ii illn unb CHJirago in ben l'ou jmiinnijd1cn ~ÖdJern, jiir bie er jicfJ (1cjonbcrß eignet; lueitrr• nm, nr( ilbc! 1111b fteIJt nun nn bet: <i:5pihl' bicjrr ~f&tcifnng (Commcrcial l cpartment), bie unter feiner ~citn no idJön gcbei[jt. !Bon lliejem Dcpa rtmcnt fJei13t cS in bcm cnofiidJen Sl'otafog : "\i'lithin thc last few ycars the Institution has materially increased its instructions in this department, so that it now offers excellent faci lities to those who wish to prepare themselves for business or the study of l!citcr ~c!! Conuncrchtl Dept. thc sciences. The course of stucly extends through five years, or six years, at the end of which diplomas are given to successful students." 5Diefe ~((itcifung ift llie ein• 3ige, bic fidJ burcIJ baß einfommenbe ®diuigcll> ieiuft crf)ört. !ffiö(Jrenb nun baß gcroöf)niicIJc Business College nur bic fiir bie -~(rlieit im Sl'ontor unliebingt erforbcrfidJe bCrtigfeit tJerfeiIJen tuiU, ift bas !Ueftrcuen un• ierer gefdiöftiicIJen &liteihmo, iIJren ®cIJiHern 3ugicicIJ eine bcm 2eljrp(an einer guten High School unb bemjcnigen ber nicbercn @:oIIegcffafjcn entfprcciienlle aIIgemeine !8Hbnng bor0urcidJcn. !ffier biefc aIIgemeine !Uifbung liereits mit• (1ringt, fann freiiicIJ fein SDipTom in tueit fiir0erer .8eit crljorten.

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\1[n bem ~ufJHfütm, bas 1uir cflcn fJeiiiiuiio cr1uörJnten, 1u0Tlcn 1111b biirfen iuir nidJt gan3 uorü(,crgcfJcn; benn es 1oar fiir llic, bic on bcr ~[nitolt unll fiir bic Wnfto[t, oft unter llcm ~tnc'f jdJIOctcr :5orgen, georfleitet fiatten 2ö ~a[Jtc fJinburdJ, ein 1oof1rer ~rcnbcntoo: iuic llonften iie bcm onäbigcn @ott Iiir of(c crfafJ• l'l'ne (lliite unll iBoTJTtot 1 !llon oTfcn 6l'itcn fomcn llic '511nollofen, llie in !ffiokrh11t>11 ilJrc Eii~1111gcn ofl(Jierten, mn ller ~eil't (1l•iJ1t1oofJ• neu, unll mondJcm loorrte c~ fd1ei11cn, o(•~ fJo~c e,, nie einen fdiön eten ~ffhtil gcgcI1rn. . lomn fonntc llic jtöbHidJe ~ttrnfJolle ·- c~ 1unr 0111 17. ~ ttni - llie l.111cngc fnf[cn , 1111b mit ne• ii:onntejtcr ~fuj111crfin111feit (01ticf1tc 11Hm llc11 mit i11grnbfidJc111 ~l'IICt bor11ctt·ogc11(•11 iiiui

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~tcl>cu. Cti11c11 l>er filf6ituricntcn, l>e11 jdJon genannten \l3nitor ~uliuß @omm, ller iidJ c;Thc Ideal American " 0um st()cma geluäTJft ()ntte, untcrbrodJ l>er !Bei• forf iciucr .8uljörer, nfß er on einer ®tcUe auf l>e11 c{1c11 iicgrcid) oußgefodJtcncn 5l'o111pj n11ii1ieltc, in l>em l>1ül gegen uniere @e111ei11l>eidJ11fc11 gerid)tcte !8e1111ctt• QScjc~ eine 9licl>erln11e erlitt. filCm folge11l>c11 stogc llcrjommclte man iidJ auf b1•r ~iut.1fii nicf, luo ~rnnJ \)3ieper, .~a11ß Q311jdJ(lCl11cr unl> fil(uguft !8cnl>Icr fil(n• jprndJcn Ijicltcn. Suicfr111 !Uolfßfeite ober gi1111 auf l>em ~oI!egefompuß ein 011C1cfol1ttc,,l>ir11it uorn11f, bei liem eine cnoliidJc 1111b eine lieutfdJe \l3rcliiot oe• IJnftcn 1uurlir11. Cfot ~"thirt iibcr bieie 5l3reliiocr.. ~rr rinc, eine fJcrrfidJc CtridJeinuug, ®prt.1iJ cinl'.I nltcu tniirfiidJcn ~lbcrnoeidJfcdJtcß, luor 011d1 in IJöfJerem unli jdJÖnerem 6i1t11l' t•i1t (förf11101111. !!Bir 1ucrbe11 ilJm 1uicber (1egconc11, ober [dJou lJicr iei l'r, nl'in1Jt : jowt.1r1r of?, ®1J11olinlpröicß tuic 011dJ nf:3 moorbmitglicli tat er bis i1t il'ine lc1!1r11 Xnoe jein möglidJjfrr,, Ne ~fniinft 311 lJcbcn, uni:> immer itaul> kiur :tlir bem oiil'll, l>cr im -vnkreiic i:lrr HJm temcu ®dJufc mit einem fil(n• lh•nr1t lH il1111 fom. ~ ornm ()öuot in unit•rem (fo1pfongßjn0Ie mit gutem Nmnbt· 1tl'lll'11 brnt non o·rc1mbeßfJ011i:l ncitijicten Ölgemöllic ließ elJrtuiirliioen t lr'ifr,:. 't1nbi1tn nmfJ bn-.,jcnige jeinr'3 9lndJft.1lgerll, 1mkrcß \)3[JifilJP uon 9lo()r. ~~:l, !'i nil 8 r1th1r ~l/iil)lf1ii11icr jtonb, jtdJt jcl}t 011d1 ein !Jod1begobtcr friifJe• n·r 2d!iill'r, bcr l\riii<'ß bt•r 61Jtll1bolfo1ticrc113, Sfnrl ~ onicrnil}. -vnlJrJefJttie • lnnn nhl'r twrfiinbintc fJin bn,:, illt.1rt t1ou bcr ,fü•riör11111ttl] jein morgönger, '.).lnit tir ~. ,,iirM. ~rndJ 1•r jprodJ 011 jt•11r111 -011(1ifötm1::ltnge, 1mli 31uor lJielt er mit jl'im·r 1uritfiinicfJnffcnb1•11, flnn11t1l'flrn E tiimne bie lieutjcfJe \l.~rcbigt. !!Bir llll1lfrn ki m·r uidJt uc1\Wiir11 : bt•nn uidJt nur fJnt er, iuic onlicrc - IUie fönnten wir iie ntll• m·nm·u ? - bt•r ~fnjtort of.:. C\Sficli bn !Brnuofhmo.sf1c()örlie tren oe• tiirnt, jottl'l('l'lt in icim•nt ®imtt' fJnnbcltc ficrnndJ mtdJ icinc filfü1u1•, niß [ic in i(Jrcm ,u•i1n1ttt•11tc l>cm ecminor 1mb 1111jcrnn (fof!eoc liie jtottfinJc ®umme uon $30,000 mit licr 1Uc[ti1imt11110 t1crmodite, liai; jörJrfinJ ein $1'.eif lier fiir liic @le• fJiiltcr in ~l\ntttuntt.1io unb lll~otcrtomn 011fJ11bri11gcnlie11 (.3Jelliinmme liurdJ l>ie 3injcn I1cjlrittrn 1uerbcn joffc. ~ ttrdJ liicie eine oroi3(Jer3ine @nbe iinli 1uir um ri n I1etle11tmbe?- bem 3 icfc uö()er geriic'ft, bo-8 brn !l3öfrrn uorjdJtuebte: jie 1uontc11 jiir iiimtfid1e \l,lrofejjorcngefJiirter einen Endowme nt Fund ic!Joifen. ~er fil1eo, lirn iic ci11jdJf11oc11, fii()rtc, lllie 1uir cinoangß ociclJen, nidJt 311 llic• iem Riefe, 0(1cr lin?- Sief bfcifit liodJ 11id1t~b(•ftotucniocr erftrebens1uert. fil(nlicrc lllermödJh1iiie, liie luir jeitbem crf1ierten. ()oben 3ur !Berorö&rrung lies ionlis beigetrogeu . irmt !ET1nrfotte Ul1iiTler, 11Wtuoufce, uermndJtc unß $500, irnu ~ orionno ~ffJnitnel>t, ~mhunufce, $400, grnu ~fngujte lllogcf, m?iltunufce, $500, ,\)err Wuguif ,\)oocf, Dconomotuoc, $1556.08. ~nuter .2icbesonbeu, fiir bic 1uir ficr3fidJ liaufbor finli. ~Cber mm roorien luir nnlieren, jcfbft 1uen11 1111f, feine oroi;en @eflimittcf 3ur !Bcrfiigung fteJJen, l>eunodJ nicfJt ru()cn. ~llttttcr jof! 1111ß lins !!Bort eineß orten ®l)noliciilicridJtcs · Ut.1r ~lugen itel)en : ,,Uniere ~fnjtnften ftnb ein ~enfmnI br3 G.lfo116c116 nn bcn 60()11 G.lutte8, ein ~cnfmn{ bn- l!ir6c .ill ifJm 1111b 511 'icinem !!Sorte!" Unb eß

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roäre bod) nur ein ein3igcs gemeiniam gegebenes 2iebesopfer nötig; benn roenn tnir aIIe - 100,000 gtommuni3ierenbe finb tnir - fünf ~afJre Iang iärirlidJ einen ein3igen SDoIIar für biefen 8mecf opferten, fo fJättcn 1uir eilten ß'.onb, iuie ign bie @rünbcr fid) badjten ! &nbere !Bermäd}htiffe, bie bem ~oIIege ,3uteil luurbcn, bienen einem on• bcren, nidjt weniger guten 8mede. ®'o ber 1906 burdJ eine ebfe @önncrin in !ffiatertoron gegrünbete Fannie P. Lewis Endowment Fund llon mefJr nlil $20,000, bellen 8infcn im !Belaufe l.lon etlua!l über $1000 iöfiriidJ 3m Untrr• ftii~ung oraller unb tjidJtiger ®d1iiier, bic unoemitteit linb, t1er1uonbt ll1crbc11.

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SDic ~afultät iit infolge bieier ®dJenfung in ber 2age gclucicn, bercifä 75 Glcfb• betröge bcbürftigen ®dJiilern 3u oelUiIIigen. SDem Untcrlialtc cineß 6d1üfcr!l aus IDianitoltJoc l>icnen bie 8inlen ans einem !!3errnöd1tnilie llon $13-14.65, meld)es tnir ~errn !IB'. ß'.ricfe, IDianito1uoc, llerl>anfen. @feidJ baß ~ubiläurnsjagr orad)te eine l>iefer ß'.eier 1uiirl>ige @noc eines cinaeinen. @s Iianbelt fiel} um etltJa $5000; l>enn l>a!l oelngtc eil, 1ue1111 ein OO'litgfieb bes ~ufiid)tßrates, l>er @igentiirncr ber lliclgclelenen Wlilluaufcc ,,@er• mania", ~err @eorg !8rumber, aus 2iebe 3ur fürdje l>er ®l)nobe l>as l>amnls nodJ nidJt bcrfaIIene !Beriagsredjt für unfer @elangoudJ ld1enftc. l!BofJf gcbüfirt igm gerabe an biefer ®tcIIe ein !ffiort aufridJtigen SDnnfcs, fommt llodJ l>ies @efdJcttf .bor aIIern unjerem ~oIIege fortl>auernb 3u gute. SDamafs, 1890, ftanb auf bem ~fnftaltspia~ au[3er l>em 2eIJrgcoöube unl> bcm !ffiogngebäube bon 1875 ein fd)önes, mit einem ®'peileiaaI berfcTJette!l !ffiirt• fd1aftßgebäube, baß 1888 erridjtet ltJurbe unl> ettua $8000 foftete. ~n iTJm ift aud) maum für bie ~amiiienltJognung bes ~ausberltJalters. SDamarn erltJaro

fidj !Berl>ienfte um bie <\iausljartung ein !ffiatertol'Oner !Boarbmüglieb, SDr. ~- !B. <\iörmann, ber ber !ffiirtfdJafterin ~(nl'Oeifungen gab unb bie &inföufe lieforgte. !Binnen fiinf IDli;:,naten er3ieltc er liei einer gröfiercn @5djü!er3ag! eine &rfpar• nis bon $1006. &r erntete ben f1er3Iid1en SDanf bes !Bertualtungsrates, unb afs er, ba Hm feine grone är3tiid1c lßra!;is 3u fef)r in ~CnfprudJ nafJm, 3urücftreten iuoIIte, ltlurl>e er bringenl> erfudJt, ,,bie 53eitung ber <\iausljaftung fortaufül)ren:" S!:ler 103 ~uü tiefe !Brunnen, an beffen frifdiem (luerflUaffer ficf) nodj f)eute uniere ®dJilTer Taben, tuurbe 1890 gebol)rt, unb 1892 berfdjtuanben audj bie Öfen 1111b madJten einer 3l'OccfentfpredJe1tben 8cntraHJei3ung \ßfo~. SDie OrgeI, auf ber an jebem IDloroen in l>er &nl>adJt ein mufifaiifdJ begabter @5djiiier bie ~oräic fpicft, luurbe jdJon 1885 aufgefterrt. 9'11r l>ie nacften IDlouern bes arten @eböul>cs ftanben 11odJ nadj ber ~euer$• brunit l>c1l ~arires 1894. &s luar für alle, bic unfer ~orfege Heb l)atten, ci11e fdJluere .~eimjud11mg, unb im erftcn &ugenoficl lUorrte luol)I inandjcr ber3agen. ~Coer afß bann luiel>er ein ~afJr baTJingegangen l'Oar, fonnte bic @5t)nobe, lllie fdJon jo oft nadJ id11ucrer l8'ebräng11is, bon neuem iljr &ben•&3er erridjten: !Uis fJierTJcr r1ot l>er ~ err geIJoifen l SDas mit einem Stoftenaufl'Oanb oon etroa $18,000 onfgcfiirJrte unl> gut ausgcftattete neue 53e1)rgebäube entil>ridjt in bie• rcr !Bc3irT11111g oefier l>en mebürfni!fen als bas alte. &s entf)ärt 9 SWaffen3im• mcr, bo~ Sl'onferen33immcr, ben !Uibiiotr1efsro11111, baß 2aboratorium für ben lßfJIJiit• 1111b @:fJemieunterridJt unl> im l>ritten @5torfluerf bie Wufo. llm l>iefellie Beit 1u11 rl>c ein neues !ffiof1nf1a11s erbaut, bas ber ~nfpcftor be3og. S!:las ~of• foge1uor111gcuä11l>e (1875) tuurl>e nu11, nadjbem l>ie nötigen 2fnl>erungen getrof• frn, 011~fcf1ficflfid1 bon @5dJiiiern betuo1)nt. ~ m o(Jre 1903 luurl>en in ber 9läf)e bcr \l3räfil>entenl'OoTmung 3luei \l3ro• fefiorcnTJiiufer gebaut, unb 311 gfeidjer ,8eit trat bie filotl'Oenl>igfeit an bie @51)• nol>e 1)eran, l>ie &rriditung eines neuen !ffiogngebä11bes ernftlidj in &rl'Oägung ~u 3ieTJen. WngefidJis bcr gana anbercn &nfprüdje, bie man in unieren 5tagen in bieier !Be3ie1)ung fterrt, genügte ber borganbene !Bau in feiner m!eiie mef)r, 3umaI l>ie @5dJiiier3a1)I au ltladJfen begann. !Bon ber filotl'Oenl>igfeit eine/3 fileu• bau es lUar bor alicm bcr lßräfes ferlift, lßf)Hipp oon !no1)r, tief burdjbrungen, unb feine @efcgen1)cit berfäumte er, um bie @5adje fei es anauregen, fei es au förl>ern. Of)ne feine bie !ffiege tueifenbe, 3ieibel'Ouf3te ~nitiatibc l'Oäre faJIUer• fidJ fo rofaJ crreidjt l'Oorben, l'Oa/3 erreidjt tuurl>e. SDer erfte @5cf)ritt l'Ourl>e bon ber @5tJnobc in Wppieton im ~uni 1903 getan, aI/3 fie für biefen ,8tuecf $25,000 beroirrigte. &IIein baib fteIIte ficfJ geraus, baü ein l'Oirfficf} 3l'Oecfentfpredjcnbes @ebäubc fiir l>iefe @5ummc nidjt erridjtet tu erben fönne, aumaI ba mit bemfel• lien, um bem ~nfpeftor bie &rbeit au er!cidjtern, eine ~nfpeftortuognung ber• liunl>en fein forrte. ~11 einer &!;traberfammiung ber ®'t)nobe, bie im filobember 1904 naa) m!atertotun einberufen tuurbe, 1iefdj!of3 man nidit nur, nodj lueitere $25,000 au oel'Oirrigen, fonbern ber !.!Jertualtungsrat fanl> aucf) ben redjten IDlann, ber, tuie feiten iemanb, bie @abe liefi~t, · bas ~ntereffe fiir unfer &n· ftarti3roefen au l'Oeclen unl> bie <\ieraen au ertuärmen unb l'Oiliig au mad)en, burcf)

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reitiJc @nI1en l>ieS iffietf 3u untcrftii~en. l.l3nitor BtidJorb ®iegkr - brnn et 1uar es - Iiei3 jidJ ouf uicler !BeocTJren b,m:dJ einen t1011 bcr ®lJ11obc gcf(eflte11 ~ilfs\Jnjtor in jeiner @c111ei11tle tiertrctcn 1111b 300 111111 t1011 eim•r @e111rinbc 311r nnbcrcn 1111b in tlcn @emcinben 1uicber, feine ~U?jifJc tmb ~fnftrc110111111 idJcucnb, uon einem ~011je 311111 onberen, 1111b j o o r o i3, i o r ii r, 111 c 11 ~. IU C t t lll O t () i e () lJ f e t IU i f f i g f C i t lt 11 () ~ t C i OC Ui Of C i t b e r

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@cm ein b e g I i e b c r, tlie er (1ej11d1tc, boi3 er am "tage ber fii111uciIJ1111g, am 15. ()ftobcr 1905, unter bcm 6ra11\e11bc11 ~ u6cI l:>er i1f111ueic11be11 t1crfii11bc11 fonnte, bn& llic crforbcriidJc @elbfummc - $50,000 -- bmcfJ ®u6jfriptio11 ne• jidJert fei ! ®d)ön luar fd1011 bct 30. 9Jfoi, bcr :tao bcr @rn11lljteinlc111111g, aTß l,l3rofclfor D. ,\7önccfe 3u uns jl,lradJ. -00, ~oft o t ~önecfc; bcnn gckgentlidJ bes 25• jöfJrigcn ~ubiCöums unferes ®cminars (1903) r,attc bic 'i)'.afultöt bes (foilcge,

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uon l>en im Charter iljr berlie(Jeneti 9led'Jtcn @e&roud'J mad'Jenl>, iljn unl> jßrofef• for_ ~rn113 lßieper,. &eil>es ID?önner, l>ie fid) als s:!eljrer l>er Sr>ogmatif ~e burdJ i(Jr~ 'anl>ertueitigc ~ötigfeit grone !Berl>ienjtc um unfere fürd)c crlllorlien lj11lien, 3u SDoftoren l>er Z (Jeqfogie frciert.. (fg 1uar l>er @röberjd'Jmücfungstag, unb uon llcr ~cicr l>icjcs 'Stages ausgefienl>, pries l>er 9lel>ner baß (folfoge afs eine <Stätte, luo junge Strieger fi'dJ l>ie ~rusriijlung ~oicn, clje fie ljinaw33icljen, um bes -~l'rt'll 6dJTaditen 311 fd'Jfagen. ~f(1cr jdJÖner nod) IUOr l>oc!J iener 15. Dftober. (fg tuar 1uor,r l>er grönte ß=rc11lle11ton in l>cr @ejd'Jic!Jte l>~r <Sd)ttfc. SDenn t1orTc11l>~t ftanl> es mm l>a 3ur rrrcnlle o_ffl'I', l>ics jto(3c @le(1ö11l>e, ~os fiinftig bic Icrnenl>e ~ugenl> 6ef)erliergen nnl> l>nicl(1c11 7: jo(JrcTann l>os uieICeidJt ferne @ftcrn~ouß erjeUen ·jorrte. 5Drei, tcihlll'i ic t1i~r <Stocflllerfe TJodJ unl> ct1ua 200 ~uf3 lang, mit l>er arten Sd'Ji.ifer• iuo(J11n11n ( l875) ll11rc!J einen 8tuiidicn6ou uer6unl>cn, bietet l>os neue l!BoTJnge, (1ö11 bc (1c1111c111, 9?onm iiir J 75 <Sdiiirer, unl> im Wotjo((c fönnen jogor 200 ljicr ll11tnfu11 it iinben. ~h1ücrlid1 iit es idJCidit, fojt mögJte man jagen : au fdJCid'Jt; ofwr llll'llll eilt alter <SdJiirrr es betritt, unb er benft nun 3uriidi 011 l>ie 5!'.age, llo c r ci11jt_ in einer io 11011.1 onbcrcn Umgcfmng iicfJ ben Stoi1f 0cr6radJ iiber llcHj(-lt1c11 e oii[Jl1fles ober .<gorn0 - cß 11111f3 iljm idJcinen, ors jei er in einer 011llm·11 ~lMt. ~rnH lla jcfJft 11idits, 1uas ein ediiiforfier3 bon IJeute fidJ 311 iuii11icfw11 tu.•rmoq , cfeftrijdJc ~cfc11d1h111g, S)ompffJci3u11g, mobcrn eingcriditete ~l1o jct1riit1111e, TJef(c lllQTJnfic'(Jc <Stul>icrJimmer mit 5!:iidJen fiir 4, <SdiTaf3immer mit l :tklk11, ein <So·~r mit fangen ~ iidJen 1111b l>rn 1oidJtigjtc11 91cic!JidJfagc1oer• fe11, im (hllocidioü dn Sl'offcrro11111 1111b in bcr uierten @tage l>il' snauier3im• 111er. ~:11 r ei ner grof3e11 lpfattiorm, 011i ber bie 9lel>ner, @Tircngöfte unb <Sän, ocr ~!oll 11n(Jme11, fiotte 111011 3000 ®iUpiöUe. a11ge!1radJt, aber fic gcniigten nidJt, br1m 1uoTJI 1 000 @äile lllaren' eridJicncn, 11111 iidJ mit 1111s 3u freuen. 2fu!.I mnflum,fcc waren etluo 1qOO ~eftteifnefimcr gefommen, unb ein &ijen6aljn, iuogen, ber bircft 011s @:fJicogo fom, ~roditc 35 friifJcrc ®d)iiler, l>arunter iof• dJe, bic uor 20 1111b 3Q ~ofiren ~ie 2(njtart beiuc!Jt ljatten. <Ser6jt WlidJigan, 9.l?iimcjoto 1111b ~olug luorcn I.Jertr~tcn. &s tuar ein fongcr 8ug, l>er ficf} bon bem ~cljrgc6öubc b·urdJ bcn Warf ,1iad1 bcr 9tel>ner6üljne be1ucgte, unb es ltJar eine bcjonbcrc l)rrc11l>e, in iljm fo uiclc &h.,mncn 3u feTien, roeldJe fd)on l>urd) bie afobemifdJe ' S!:ro·d1t fcnntndi 1ua1:c11, l>ie fie, 1uie bie @Heber bes s:!eljrerforfc• gi11m?,, nodJ TJi~fig~;n !Bro11dJ angcfegt r,atten. SDer riiTJrioe !BorfiUenbe bes ~~onfomitce-:3, !.ßoftov fütutfJ, ~cfJgtsmcijtcr bcr ~(([gemeinen ®l)nobe bon l!Biß• conjin, Wli1111eioto, !.lJlidjigon u. o. <St., ii6erreid1tc bcn <Scf}IiiffeI bem ~äfeß bei !!.3erro'ortt,ngs~(ltes, unb biefcr 1uiel>er ü6crga6 i6n bem l,ßröfibcnten ber ~fn• fto[t, bcr 111m im Women ber ffafnltät gelobte: ftrtß lucrbe ftc cingebcnf jein, bnfi bicB !illofJnfJnuB eine !illcrfjtntt bc6 .t)cifigen ·@ciiteB .1mb eine Stätte ern• itcr 2(r6~it f.cin joffc. SDer .einit ~aß erftc &nftaitsgc&öubc eingellleifit, borT3og oucfJ bießm~T Afß !.BorfiUenb!,!r berfeffien !Beljörbe, l>er er bamars borjtanb, ben l!Beiljeoft; luefdJe @cbanfcn mögen l>en grejfen !l3räfes mabing lieroegt fia6en, afs er in ftilfem <Sinnen 3uriid&ncfte auf 40 ~aTJre ernfter &rlieit für bie Iiclie

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2fnftart! SDie ergreifenbe lßrebigt [Jielt \ßröies oon 91ofJr ülier 1. ®am. 1, 27 unb 28, unb bcn IiturgiidJen ZeH bes @ottesbienftes ülicrna[Jm ber WadJfoigcr lßaftor !8rocfmanns an ®t. IDlarfus, ber ielJige ®eeiiorger ber 2(nftalt, !13aitor Sfüngmann. !mit einem oon ,\?eraen fommenben „Wun banfet aile @ott" idJloü bie er[Jelienbe ~eier. Wur in oer[Jältnismäf3ig tuenigen @emeinb·en toar bie. burd) ®uliffriptionen gebecfte !B'aufumme gefammeit lt>orben; bie meiften gatte ber Stolleftant nod) nid)t befudJen fönnen. Unb bod) Iaftete auf ber ®t)nobe IJon friHJeren !Bauten IJer - tt>ir erinnern nur an ben ®eminarbau in !ffiaulllatoia - eine groüe ®diuibenfaft. SDa3u fam nodJ folgeitbes: bas arte !ffioIJngebäubc tJatte man renovieren müffen; ein &nbau am !ffiirtfdJajtsgebäubc IJatte $3309 Stoften oer• urfadit; bie ~rriditung eineß ~folierljofpitafs, in bem im IT;alle einer anjtecfen• bcn StranffJeit bie bauon betroffenen ®d)üler untergcbradJt roerben fonnten, Iieü fidJ nidJt Iönger I1inausfdJielien; bic 1903 erliauten 31t>ei \ßrofcfjoren()öujer toa~ ren nodJ nidJt be3aIJit tuorben, bie ~rridJtung llleitcrer \ßrofeiforentuo[Jnungen tuar bei l>cr !ffioIJnungsnot uni:> l>en ftets fteigenbcn !Inietsprcifcn in !ffiatcrtotu1i eine 9fotwenbigfeit, uni:> l>a3u muüte roicber 2anb gefauft lt>rrl>en (l>as ®d)rö• l>eI'jdJc uni:> ®mitr)'jdJe @runbftücf), bas ailein gegen $6000 foftete. s.Die 8in• jen fiir bic uorfJanbcnen ®diuibcn licgannen fid) 311 IJöufen; es llJarcn liis 1912 $10,362.88. &injt (1868) {Jatte, tuie mir fafien, l>er !Bermartungsrat \l3röics mal>ing „IUe• gen jeiner +iraftijdJcn !Begaliung unb in Wnfc{Jung bes fräftigen !ffiortes, l>as ifJm 3u @eliotc jtanl>," gelie.tcn, ,,fidJ mit &ufgabe bes lßfarramtes ga113 bem 2(gentut• 1111b StolleftcngcidJöft für uniere &njtaften 3u loibmen." WHt bem• icflien [ rjudJcn trat man nun an \ßajtor 9t ®iegler ljeran; im ®pötrJcrlijt 1909 murl>e er 311111 „!l3ertreter bcr 2(njtaiten" berufen, unb afs iofdJer iofftc er feine gan3e Sl'rnft unb 8eit ber ~örberung ber 2(njtaften toibmen. !ffienn nidJt oon c i n e r 2(nftaft, fonl>ern IJon mefJreren bie 91ebe ijt, fo iinb, tuie friifJer, nötiir• IidJ bor allem bas tljeoiogifdJe ®eminar ·unb bas ~ollege gemeint; aber bas ®cminar bodJ uur iniolt>eit, afs unfere ®tJnobe baran beteiligt iit. SDemt feit bie !ffiillcoufinft)nobe 1892 fid) unoefd)abct iljrcr ®cfoftönbigfeit mit ben ®tll!oben bon IDlinnefota unb !Inid)igan au einem neuen ocionberen Stird)enförper ber• einigte, finb bas tIJeoiogifd)e ®eminar 3u J.!Bauloatofa fotuie bas 2el)rerfeminar au We\u Ufm, !mimt., unb ball \l3rogt)mna[i11m au ®aginatu, ID1id)., 2(njtaften bie[er „2(1Igemeinen ®t)nobe," beri?n erfter \ßräfes lßrofc[[or ~rnft lt>ar unb beren je\jiger \l3räies lßaftor Stad @au[elt>i\l ift. SDer !ffiißconfinitJnobe oer• oleiot als ci113ige, iIJr allein geljörcnbe &n[ta(t unfer ~o[ege, unb biefem ~o!Iege gift barum 3unöd)ft bie Zätigfeit \ßajtor !R. ®iegiers. WadJ oieien !BerIJanbiungen tuillißte [eine @emeinbe, bie iijn ungern fd)ei• ben faIJ, fdJfieüiidJ ein, unb feit ~eoruar 1910 fteIJt er nun iit ber if)m oon ber !ffiisconfinitJnobe aufgetragenen &roeit. · ~ ijat in bie[er g0113en 8eit f~ft ®oim• tag für ®onntag im ~ntereffe ber &nftart in _ben @emeinben geprebigt unb 6ei feinen oielen ,\?ausbefud)en mc:;(!;cs m!ort ber &rmunterung unb !BeleIJcung

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außftreuen fönne~. Widjt nur IUurbe fo mandJe irrige &nfidJt forrigiert, ttid'Jt nur tuurben @5c{Jüfer geltlonnen für baß ~ollege, fonbern eß murbe11 audJ 3af1I· reidje !Beiträge gefammelt. SDe1111 1uo immer er feitbem a11fiopf tc, 3cigtcn bic @emeinben ei11e nid'}t mi11ber groüe u11b f)~r0erfreuc11be Opfer1uilligfeit, luie ie11e, bie er 3uerft beiud1t gatte. !8eim überfd1rcite11 ber ~af)rf)u11bertgrc113c gebadJten mir a1ueier 2cf1rer, bie feitbem burd'} be11 !itob abgerufe11 1Uurbe11; ·1uir fügen eine11 btitte11 9?amc11 r1in• au, ben SDr. fülrI ~feifferß. &r fam, bereits ein <Sed13igiär1riger, auil SDeutidJ• fanb 3u unß, iuo er erft im ~farramt fta11b unb bann afß 2eiter eineß nid1tftaat• Iid)en ~nftihttß bie glfü13enben 2efJrgaben entluictefte, bie lliefe 1uä(Jrenb Ieiner hu3en !mirfjamfeit I1ier (1900-03) an ifJm be1u1111berten. @5efJr id11uer 1umbe if)m ber &lifdJieb bon unieren ~ungen, aHl i(jn ein fdJCimmcß ~er0feiben 31ua110, fein &mt nieber3uiegen. @;ine &6orbnung ber ~afurtcit ii6erreidJte bcm @5cfJei• benben, ber ein !8ab in ber <Sd11uei3 auflud1en 1uolltc, eine &brefle 11nb 1uiiiijd1tc if)m narbige @enefung. ~Wein fd1on nadJ 1ueniocn ID1onaten bracfJte ein :l3rief bie fülnbe llon feinem 5tobe. &uf3er iIJm iuären unter ben 2eIJrcrn, bie feit 1900 an ber ~fnjlaTt 1uirfte11 unb 3um !iteil nod} luirfen, nur nodJ 31Uei 311 itennen, bie nid1t auß 1111!cre111 ~ollege Iierboi:gegangen finb. !l3eibe gef1örten bodJcr· ber ID?iiiourifl)nol:>c an, ber eine alß \Urofeffor ber Sr.(Jeoiogie itt @5pringfiefb, ~II., ber a11bere ofß \lsnilo r in ,\?a[flUatJ, IDlidJ. 2el}tcrer, \ßrofeffor ,\?einridJ !me11tc, T1atte nadJ mccnbin11110 feiner tf)e0Iogifd1en @5tubiett im <Seminar 3u <St. 2011is unb einer mc(JrjäfJrhwn paftoralen !itätigfeit ID'lfömer 1uie &rf)arb unb !Bokf in !noftocf oeI1ört 1111b fidJ bort ben SDoftortiteI eriuorben. !8·aib nadJ feinem ~ommen erfJieft er i11 ~r11erfennung feiner fdJönen @aben be11 ~fuftrag, baß 9tcferat für bic 2cfJrllt•r(jnnb• lungen ber @5l)nobe au Iiefem; eß ift eine ~fr6eit, bie fidJ burdJ meI1rcrc '25tJ• nobalberid)tc .f)inburdJ3ieI1t. ®dJon nadJ fiinfjiiTJrioer 2eT1rtätigfcit (1906- 10) fefJrte er inß jßfarramt 3urücfi; er fteTJt in ~rete bei füJicago. SDcr onbet:t', jßrofeffor 5tf)eobor ®d)Iilter, ftubierte gTeidJfallß in <St. 2ouis str1eofogic, a{,er IUas if)n für ben· aTtfprad1Iid1en UntmidJt in bl?lt oberen· sHafien bcfonl:>crß empfaf)l, ift feine auf bem !Stemenfer @l)mnafium empfangene morbifl:>11ng. ~ier roaren u. a. feine 2ef1rer ~011fta11tin !8ulle unb ~- !illagner; IJ ier begann er bie grünblid1en ~en11h1ilfe 3u fammeht, mit betten er feit 1908 bcr ~Initart bient. &Is unferrn SDt. WotJ @5en. im <Sdjuliaf)re 1910-11 ein gefäf1rfid1eß unb Iangltlierigeß 2eiben 31Uang, fidJ <Sc!Jonung aufaueriegen, ltlurbe er bon ber ®lJ• nobe fiir ein ~a'I)r beurlaubt, unb als er bie früfJere füaftfiillc unb !!lliber• ftanbßfä'I)igfeit nadJ !8erlauf biefeß ~af)reß nodJ 11idJt roiebererlangt fJatte, trat er in ben tuo'I)lberbienten !Jhtf)eftanb, begleitet bon ben f)er3Hd1ften lillünfd)en !einer bielen <Sd)üler für einen langen unb fd'Jönen ~eieraoenb. @ß 1uar für if)n ll>ie für unß alle eine @enughtung unb B=reube, alß bie stübingcr Unillerfi• tat unter bem !Jleftorate lillaf)ls im ~erofte 1913 anläf3IidJ feineß 50iäf)rigett

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1)oftoriuuifäums jein S!;iµfom erneuerte. ~clJt 1uof)nt er, uöffig tuiellcr l)crge• ftent, als unier <fo1eritns in WW1uaufee. !ffias bie arten ®d1iifer nnter ben füf)rern anlangt, jo (Jot uns einer ller uc•gautcjtcn 1tnb u·elicutcftcn, bcr 1JorI1cr @cf1Hic llcs ~nit,eftors, &bjunft bes ll.~räics, ®tubcut bcr ll11it1criität @:_(Jicogo unb bann \ßoftor in murlington roar,

leillcr id1011 nodJ 01uci ~of)rcn (1908-10) roieber oerfaiien. (lfä ift ~ans S't'of• ler Wfoul[o, bcr einem 9h1fe ller @emeinbe 0u ~efferjon, !illis., fofgte. ~erner idJicllcn 1uieber 011s 1) ller @5oTJn unjcres SDr. ~- !ill. ~(. 91o1J, ller ~curäift SDr. ilfüf)efm filolJ (1904-1913 ), bem uon unieret !Regierung eine ®teIIung im Department of Corporation s angetragen luurbe, unb 2) einer, ber infoTge fei. nes IinguiftifdJen St·önnens unll jciner TJcruorragcnben ~Crueitsfraft als ®'tullent

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eit ber 2efJrer l.ier Unillcrfität <rljicago in befonberem ID?aüe bie &ufmerfi~mftant Profe ssor Assis -12), (1910 giing auf fid) geienft fJaUe, !lnartin @5pren of Arabi c in ~(Jicago. n fämtiidJ SDie burd) bcn !fficggang biefer 2e'f)rer entftanbenen 2füfen \uurbe treu be• unl:l tildJtig ars mt l,ßfarra im llor'f)er burd) !lnänner außgefürrt, l:lic fidJ HJren ferung &ufop unb bung ,\?inge elf>en l:lerf mit \oä'f)rt gatten unb bie mm finb ~.s n. neuen l,ßflidJtcn obfiege ,\iutfJ frn !ffiiffJc bie l,ßrofcif oren (191 0-- ), mmr,erm .-gcnfcC SfoluaTfc (191 2--), &r1uin (191 2--), Dtto St11(Jfo1t1 (1913 - -), &rnft !ffienbfanb (19 14.- ). ~iir bcn llnterr iciit in ber Ul?atIJcmatif nmrbe im .sjerbft 1903 in ~ ermann j}rnnf, ei nem ~((Jiturienten unferer @5c(J11fe nnb @rabnicrtcn ber 6 tanElnnillerfi • tät, eine au.sge3eidJ11cte Qefirfrnft gc1uo1111en. ~(6cr 11icl1t n11i fein engeres o ndrnef> iet f>efcfJtiinft fid> feine stiicfJtigfeit : fein 111it emi• nenter i1rnftifcfier megnfnmo oe• i,aarter Suitigfeitf>brnno, jcine gro[!e @c1uiifenfJaftigfeit fomen audJ fonft in Tio(Jem Ullnüc ber ~(n• Haft 3n gute. ~ m uorfirrgcfJen• bcn @5dJufinIJrc, f)'.c6 rnnr 1903, trat ber !8erfalfer fei n ~fmt an ; er ift fJnnptfädJ fidJ @eicfiidJts(efJ• il. <fmrrll11 \llrof. ':!>r. \j,. !!il, w. ·9lo(!, unrrr rcr. *) ren ~e(Jrers SDie !ffiegf>erufmig ober &rfranfung l:lc.s einen ober anbe. ~((s fofcfie n. mu[!te lllcrben llt Iiatte aur ~oige, ba[! (Jäufig ~iifsfcfJrer angefte f &rnft 9tuboi 05), (1904.rnidJt !8Iiefe &. Menten: ~- ~ranf (1901 -02), :iUJeo• 11), 10(19 r ID1ef3e &bgar -11), (1910 ann (1907 -98), l,ßaul !Bergm &fmer 13), bor &bc•2allcmant (1911 -12), ~riebrid) ®dJumann (1912~ ran3mmm. @:lauer (1912 -13), l,ßaur ~röfJife (1913- 14), foluie !ffiiffJ. cn: 3ufamm SDas aeitige 2efJrerfollegium fe!Jt fidJ aifo lllie folgt J, ID?eta• SDeutfcf iidJ, @riecfJ , 1) l,ßrof. & r n ft (l,ßräfibent; 9Migion, 2atein ®t.); 20 über = Ia P'fJtJfif unb \,ß[l)d)ologie r; &ngiifcfJ 2) l,ßrof. SDr. 1D t t (!!Jiaepräfibent; !8ibfiot(Jefar; @5dJa!Jmeifte !llaftor !lllouflall Im cnollf~c n :tc,tc l)ln• •) ':!>a! .llomllee ber GlJnobe ertaubt fi~. l)ler auf !!Borte e!l:-Slt veola verbo ! IPrl~t aber ~rlft blefer t !!lerfalle l)rten autoelfen: aum l)o~betc

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unll !Bcrfafiungi:lgcfd)ic{Jtc (fogfonllß unll ller mcr. ®taaten Ia unll Ib, Watur• roiffenfdJoft lb, II, III, IV= 30 St.); 3) \l3rof. !O o I ( e (2citer bes Comme rcial Departm ent = 31 ®t.); VII 4) \l3rof. SDr. 47 ö r m a 11 n (®efrctär llcr oafultöt ; @cidJidJtc Ia bis ®t.); 31 III= 2atcin ent, Departm rcial unll Americ an History im Comme 5) \ßrof. ~ r o II f (W1atrJematif Ia ui{ V, 8eidJncn = 26 St.); 6) \ßrof. et i rf m a 1111 (~nfpcftor; 2atcin, !Religion, SDcutjdJ IV= 12 ®t.) ; 7) lßrof. 6 dJ Cii t c r (91cligion, @ricdJiidJ, 2atein, SDcutidJ Ib, oron3ö• fifdJ II, 9Migion, SDcutjdJ VII= 28 ®t.); 8) \ßrof. ,\? 11 t fJ (9Migion III, @ngfijdJ IV, VI, @ricdJiidJ IV, !Ootonif, Civics, Comme rcial Corresp ondence = 28 ®t.); 9) \prof. 47 c n f cf (@ricdJiidJ II, III, ~otcin II, Si)cutjdJ II, III= 26 St.) ; 10) ~ roi. ~ o tu a r f c (~cbröijd) 1a unll Ib, @ngfijdJ III, 9Migion, ~atcin, Si)cuticfJ V, .8oolooic, Comme rcial Law = 30 <St. ; Directo r of Athletics) ;

1 t ) \l.~rof. ~ u fJ r o tu (@nofiidJ II, @cograpfJic V, VI, VII, Penman ship V l, Vll , ~ ng[ijcfJ V = 27 St.); E~) \l_\ro i. imC 11 ll f o 11 l) (WfotfJcmatif VI, VII, (fogfiidJ VII, 9lcligion, · s:1otcit1, '2l'ltljr[J VI = 31 ®t.). , ia(![oi• @tJmnoj llie l.!Bciic ~ ic fotrin iicficn .8iifcrn UCJCidJncn nodJ llcntidJcr ®diul, icllcn eines (ifollc @cgcu (VII). ®cptima icn uon ~bcrprima (Ja) (1iß io[Jrctl, bo3 ilrt-3 Cfollc %1ouit oller Wnfang ®cptcmbcr beginnt 1111ll 40 !illodJcn t-oucrt, tucrbcn bic im neuen ®dJu[jafirc 311 gcbcnllcn llntcrriditsfhmllcn unter ll1c @firllcr llcr Bafuitöt llcrtcilt, unll f}infidJtlidJ jcf}r lliclcr Bödier fonn lli1· im nÖdJilcn -0nfJ re gcrtcnllc 6h111bc11bertcihmg 90113 anllcrS ouSfaITcn ofi:l llic lltcßjii!Jri oc. -0m Statalog iuirll (1ci icllcm llntcrridJHlgcgcnjtanb llcr 9~amc bei• Jen [Ji11311ncf iiot, llcm baß (1ctrciienllc li;odJ fiir llaS fommcnllc @:id)llljo(Jr 311gc, tuicicn 1umllc, 1111ll llcr 9kocf nadJ toirll llcrjcnioc 2cfJrcr, i:>cm i:>cr grö&tc oller h•llcnfoas ein 1oidJtiger steif llcS llntcrridJtS in einer 6cftimmtcn .fi'faffc 3uföat, brl:linariuS llicicr füaifc. 2Us jofdicr f)at er nadJ l>cn 1908 gcllrurften auSfiifJr• lidJen ,,~nftrnftioncn fiir \l3rofefforcn unll 2cfJrcr" ,,llic @5c{Jiiicr jcincr füaffe hf1ufS li;i.iri:>cruno einer cinfJcitlidicn &"rc3icfJ11110 nni:> Wuß6ifllung unter icine 6rfonllcrc O6fiut 311 11efJmc11." ~mmcr ilcffcn fidJ 6ci ller !l3crtcifung llcr ®tunllen lliejefben ®dJtuicrigfcitcn ein: es fini:> i:>cr @5hmllen fo lliclc, llaü mir fie nur mit IDliifJc unll ller öu&cr• ften ;snani1.>rudJ1tafJmc llcr fuaft unll bes Sl'önncn~ jcllei:l 2cfJrer5 1111ter ;116rin• gen llermöoen. ;'scncn ,,~nftruftionen" 311fofoc foll fidJ ller SDircftor an llem HntcrridJt nur llurd} üucrnafime llon 16, llcr ~nfpcftor nur l:Jurd} Üb.cmafJmc bon 10 €:5tunllen beteiligen, a6er llas Iic& fidJ bis icut nid}t llurdJfiifiren, unll troullem ge6cn llie übrigen 2ef}rcr llurdJidJnittridJ uon 28 bis 31 ®hmllcn. llnll tucnn bei llem einen oller anlleren s:!ef}rer •llie ®tu11llc113agf cttuas ffeincr ijt,

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fo ift ~ geroö[)nlid) ein ~l)radiicTirer, ber mit aa[)Ireid)cn unb bicIIcidJt IdJIUie• rigen ~rrefturen fo fc'()r ucTaftct ift, baü er bei biefcr aufreiflcnbcn m:rueit, roie ~ roo'()I borfommt, 3toöif Stunben n,öd)cntlid) 3u ~aufe auuringcn muf3. Unb mit bem aIIcm ift ja nodJ nidJt aIIcß gcfagt: 3u bcr !ßorucrcitung auf bcn Un•

tcrrid)t, au bem Unterrid)t feif>ft, au bcn ftorrcrturen fommt nodJ anbcrcß TJin• au. ~mmer tuieber tuenben fid) ®d)iiler mit bcr !Bitte um Wad)T1if fejtunbcn namentiidJ an ben ~nft,cftor, unb immer ift er bereit, iIJnen, unb atuar unent• geftiidJ, biefen Sl)ienft au crtucifen. ~ebcr 2e[)rer [Jot al"Oeimal tuödicntlidJ eine fog. "consultation hour," in bcr er fidJ bcr ®d}tuäc{Jcren ucf onbcr/3 annimmt. SDie berfäumten Unterrid)fäftunben ber ®d)üfer müffen tägiidJ bon einem s:!eg,

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rcr gel1udJt 11Jcrbcn, unb )Die uieI .Seit nimmt bodJ oft bie oben bei ben filamen ueridJiebener 2ciirer angegebene l:neoenbeidiöftigung - aIIes im ~ ntcre\le bcr @5dJufc - in filniµrudJ. mfo 31m1 ®d111IjaI1rc 1907-08 IDöfJrtcn bie Unterrid1tßftunben, uon einer fur3en engiiidJen 2(nbadit unb einer Uiertelftünbigen l,l3auie abgejelJen, uon 9 llIJr !l3ormittagß biß 12 UfJr unb bann IDieber oon ½ 2 llIJr biß 4 lHJr filadJ• mittags. ®eitbem ruurben nadJ beutjdJer !!Beile alle fecIJß UnterricIJtsftunben, jebe 45 IDfümten nmfaiienb, auf ben !l3ormittag gelegt; bie ®cIJilfer ueriam• mein ficIJ um ½ 8 UfJr aur filn• badJt, unb bie Ie!Jte ®tunbe jdJ!ie[lt um ½ 1 llfJr. lli:ucfJ bcr @501mabe11b ift ga113 im @egen• iafJ 311 bcm Ia11bcßiif>lid1en IDraudJ ein ®c!Juftag. 2(m 9fo dJ• mittag Iiaben bie ®cIJiifcr, 31uei madimittagc, un i t t 1u o dJ unb ®01111abenb, bie 00113 jrci [inb, ou!Jgenommen, 31uei Wrf>cil!3fl11n• ben; bann beginnt jiir fie bie f>iß 3um 2(bcnbc\len 1111b bcmn 1uie• ber bis 7 lHJr 11JöfJre11bc ';yrei• 3eit, in ber fic fidJ if1re11 Spielen 1111b turncriidJen iif>lmncn 1uib· mcn fö1111cn. SDie iiinocrrn S ciiiiicr im ~ ntcrnotc bcncl1cn lidJ glcidJ nodJ ber fJä1tSlicf1c11 2(licnbanbncIJt um 9 lHJr 3ur muTJc, 1uö11rc11b bic älteren oft nodJ Ianoc nncIJfJcr 011 ifircm ®tubicrtildJ 311 finbcn finb. Sue1111 alle Stfa\lcn f1alic11 fidJ IDÖdJcnt• \!a{IOt !llltfl. Ellrnfrt, Iic!J auf 38 liiß 36 ®tunbcn uor• mcrtutcr bct ~lnllallcn. 3ubcrcitc11. filcben iIJrem .@:itnbium, bem fidJ feJliituerjtänblidJ nIIeB anbete oI!3 neben• fädJlidJ unterorbnen mnb, forbern Uier Suinge 1'011 ben @5dJiilern einige Oµfer an .Seit unb Straft. 1) "Black and Red" 1uurbe 1897- 98 bie feit bieiem ~aT1re in monatiidien .\jeften cricIJeinenbe fleine (fof(egC3citfd1rift genannt, lue(dJe bie ®diiileridJaft unter 2IufficfJt bes ·SDircftorß (Jcrausgi6t. ®ie bringt neben ben 11Jid1tigften ®d1ufnad1riditen ®dJiilerauffätJc unb •rcbcn in enolifdier unb bcutfdicr @5µra• c!Je unb oelcgentiic!J audJ tt>oTJ( eine fur3e iffiIJanblung ober !Rebe cincß ber SMJ• rer ober eines ber frilTJcren ®diiifer. lffienn cß rua'(Jr ift, bnb man ben WuffatJ alß „baß @efid)t ber ®dJufe" bC3eic!Jnen fann, fo fann audJ ein foTdJe6 Unter•

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neljmen bon BlulJen fein; llenn es gibt llen reiferen ®djiiiern, 3u llenen llie bon her ~afurtät gen,äljften @Iieller bes !nellaftionsfomitees ge[Jören, eine llleitere @efegenfJeit, einen @egenjtanll 3u llurdJllenfen unb eine mögfidjft grof3e ~er• tigfeit in ller ~o.nb[Jaoung ller oeillen SpradJen 3u erfangen. @an3 oelleutenll iuürlle freifidJ eine regere !8e.tcifigung früfJerer ®d)iifer llen m3ert lliefer ~eft• dien erljöfJen. mJir fiaben oft, fcillcr fait immer oerger,{idJ, llamm geoeten. Unll llodJ forrte es fidJ,· mödjte füan meinen, bei einigem outen mJiUen errcidJen laffen, llau eine etwa oom &fumniberein jäfJrlidJ 311 beftimmenlle .8afJf ffcinere oller gröf3ere !Beiträge fiefert. 2) SDie beillen fiterarijdJen !!3ereine ller ®d1iiferid1aft, 311 llenen aUe oier <rorreocffaffcn (III bis Ia) unll llie @fieller her oberen füaifcn bes Commercial Departmcnt gefJÖren lliirfen, t1erfammcin jidJ ab• luedJfelnb, luomögfidJ im !?:leiiein eine?, ober mefJ• rerer s:!cfJrcr, an jcbcm ®onnabenb ~{(ienb. SDeffa• mationcn, <.:CcI1atten, 91cben oefJören 3u ben SDarbie• tungcn ; b('ll n barnm fommt man oor aUem 3ufa111• men, 11111 jidJ im öfientridJen Wujtrcten unb freien mortron ,1ll iiuen. WudJ im llnterridJt geben ia memorierte QlebidJte ober llie ief(JjtlJcrfaf3ten 9leben in engliidicr uni) lleutjdJer ~i1rad1e, bie 0011 iel>em Unter. 11nll Dberprimaner geforl>ert iuerben, l>em ~efJrer ~rnrau, bie nötigjtcn ~inlueije 311 geben, aber ein 311fa111111enfJönocnber bejonbcrer lluterridJt in ber mt, rlraoi funil fef1U bis jel)t. 91idits liegt ~artor' ~'lb. !l!ac6cntol0, 1111?, ferner, afß 15diaujpicfer ljernnoifbcn oller, luie !Beiucg1111g in uiefe anllere (forTcoes, einen ~(pparat ielJen 311 iuorren, l>er neben ben m3ettjpielen llie ~ebattc 311m <\)a11ptereigni?, beB ~afircs j!cnll)elt. lffiir 1uiife11 iefir niofJf, luie oerberbfidJ es iuirfen mu[3, menn ~emenbe in jo j1111oen ~aI1re11 fidJ ljerausneljmen, iiber irgenb eine id11uicrigc, oicflcidJt nationaföfonomijdJe IT;rage, bie gerabe bas moif be1ue11t, öiicntlidJ ein llrteif ab311gebe11. ~rner ein angemefjencr !ßortrag, ®d1uhmg ber ®timme, !ßj[egc 11nb Sträftigung ber ®timmorgane - llas iit llt,dJ n,ofJI 00113 ctlua!l anberc?,. ~ine Unteriueifung in lliejen SDingen, bie gerabe fiir fiinftige \ßafto• ren; jdJon 00111 gejunMieitridjen Stanbl,nmft, uon gröütem ~orteiC fein fann. iorrte bcn ®d1iilem, lllenn jidJ eine geeignete S'i'rait finbet, nidjt borentljaften iuerbcn. SDie beiben jelJt beftcfJenben !Bereine ljeif3en Lyceum Society unl> Philomathia n Society, n,ä[Jrcnb llie ältejte, Wnfang ber 70er ~afire ins fü. ben gerufene Literary ?Ociety, bon llcr nodJ geute gan3 intereffante ®djrift• ftücfe in ben ~ben alter ®djiifer finb, fidj ~Qncorbia iiannte. 3) ~n ausgiebigfter mJeije toerben in unferem ~orreoe ller @efang unll llie el>fe stonfunft gcJ)ffegt, lllenitgfeidj bafür in l>em eigentfidjcn 2e1Jrpfan feine Stunben angefett finll. ~in gelllÖfJnfüIJ 40 bis 50 ®önger 3äfJfenber <rl)or, eine sta~erre. mit 30 bis 40 ~nftrumenten uni) ein nic!Jt 00113 io groi'leil Or•

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d)efter - baß finb bic brei griiüeren SdJiilerbcruönbe, bic bicfem 8tuecfe bic• nen, unb bie natiirlidJ 3u 'lle11inn eines jeben @5d1ul ial1res infol~c bes 'lt:us• trittcß ber mbiturientcn unb bes iintrittcs neuer SdJüler eine 1rnberung er• faf)ren. Sie fteben feit einem ~al1re unter ber be1uö11rten s:!eituno bes in meutfd)lanb gefd)ulten ,\?errn ~ütimann bom ~ad)' fd1en S11m1>f1onicord1efler in 9nÜmaufee, ber einmal roödJentlidJ nad) m!atertotun fommt. Um bie Sloften aufaubringen, 3al1It jeber Sd1üler einen flcinen !Beitrag, unb ciuucrbem 1uirb, fallß bicß nid)t f1inreid)t, ein steil beß irtraoes ber jöC1rlidJcn St'o113erte, bon bencn bie Sdiüier 3tuei in m3aterto1un ber• anftartcn, ba3u benutJt. iinmaf, 1889 bis 1893, luurbe für ben 9nufifuntcrricf)t ein bcfonberer Professor of Music, ber oc• 'riifimte m!atcrtoluner @eiocnbirtuoie unb stomi1011ift midJarb ~ arbegc, angcftc((t, aber feitbem TJaoen fidJ bide ~ nf1rc f1in• burdJ @lieber bcß s:!ef1rförµcrß, ol1nc ba, fiir bie gerinofte !!3e3afihmg 311 bca11iPm• dien, beluegcn Toffen, neben ber onbcren fditueren ~(rbeit audJ 11od1 bie lßflid1tc11 bes SDirioenten 3u iibcrneTimen. !ffiir 11c1111en afß erften \ßrofef!or m!eimar, bcr nn bcr S µi1Je fömt!idJer !!Jerbönbe flnnb, unb io• bann \ßrofef!or fütfJn, bcr fieuen ,_)OTJrc fang fidJ T1ouptföd1lidJ ber ®d111Tu11g bc-3 Drdie[ters tuibmete. mon bcn jc1Jigen ß'.n• f11ftätsmitgiicber11 tuar \ßrofeifor Q.Joffe. biß .\?ert SDütJmann 011 \eine Stelle trat, <rriorbirigent, unb ~aTir um ~af1r f)aben er unb l,l3rofcfior ~ranf fidJ auf baß eifrig[le ber S dJiilcrfapeUc an• genommen, bercn 2eiter furae 8cit audJ \ßrofeif or ~uT1Io1u tuar. @eiangßTefJ• rerin bcß Glee Club ber 25 biß 30 IDlöbdJcn, bie bie ~(n[ta[t ueiudJen, ift bic 5:t:od}ter bcß SDireftorß, ~räuTein ilifabeUJ irnft, eine SdJiilerin bcß s:!eip3iger ~onferbatoriu~. &liiöT1riidJ finben, tuie ge[agt, in !!Baterto1un 31uei ~0113erte itatt; unb öfterß f)aben [idJ uniere braben jugenblidien IDlu[ifanten unb Sänger aucfJ tuof)f nadJ auuerf)aib, etroa in eine ber benadJoaden Ortfdiaften ober gar nad) IDfütuaufee begeben, 1uo fie bor einem bid)tbe[eilten ,\?an[e erfdJiencn unb tuegen igrer gebiegenen 2ei[tungen mit 2ob[priidJen überTiäuft tuurben. Um ein @etingeß · ftef)en ben Sd)ülern in ben IDlufif3immern bes !ffioTJngeböubcß mef)rere ~Iabiere aur !l3erfügung, unb bei iTJren ~onaerten unb gröneren ®d1uI• feiern benulJen fie einen bor furaem angefauften pröd)tigen ijlügel. 4) Mens sana-in corpore sano. m!ietuo!JI man bie[eß m!ort nur unter getuiffen iinfd)ränfungen gertcn Iieü, fo tuar bod) baß in i\'Jm entf)altene !ffia!Jr• bie förperlid)e. f)ei~moment fd)on frü!J ber 2el1rerfdJaft ein &nfporn, aud) fidJ ferner tuar IDlan tragen. 2!ußbiibung i6rer 8öglinge ernftlid) 6orge au

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beifen roogI berount, bau ein Unterrid)t, bcr bie !t-räfte unb @eroanbtgeit bes 2ei6es 3u entroicfein be3ruecft, nidjt nur bie 2eiftungsfägigfeit ergögt, fonbern augfcid) d)arafterbiibenb 1t>irft. ,,SDcr lßf{ege ber jßünftlidjfeit, ber Wusbauer, her OpfertuWigfeit, bes @efJorfams, bes @emeinfinns urib ber !ffiillensfraft io!Ien aucIJ," tuie ber SDircftor fidj einmal ausbrücft, ,,unfere förperlid')en Übungen bienen." SDer Störpcr foll im SDienfte bes @eiftes ftegen. Wm 25. Wprif 1874 luurbe ein '.irurnpiafJ eröffnet, unb ber crfte 2eiter bes S::urmmtcrridJts 1uar SDr. 9folJ, bcm ein bcfannter gefdiuiter 5:turnlegrer aus SDe11tfcI1Ianb, 4)err jßrcuü, 3ur ®cite ftanb. Unter bem SDatum bes 25. eeptember 1877 finbet fidJ bann fofgenbe &intragung in bem \UrotofoIIliudJ bes !Bcrruaitungs, rotes: .. ~err \Urofeffor &rnft eriucI1t ben meriuafhrng !lrnt, für bie ®dJilfer ber Wn• ftaft ei n ffeines @t)mnafium erriditen Iaf• fcn 311 biirfcn, bamit biejcflicn audJ im m3intcr G}cfegenl)eit [Jalien, 3ur füöftigung bes ~eibcs 1111b ®törfung bes @eiftes bic eriorbcdic[Jen ~ei6es6eluegungen madien 311 fiinn en. ~ierauf bejcI1IoHen, bafi l)in• ter bcm neuen 9fnftamge6ö11be eine paj, fcnbc „wrnf1aITc tJon gefJobeften !Urettern crricfJtct luerbe." SDie füaHe tJon 1878 nafim bie Wngefcgenl)ei t in ~Cngriff. Wus 'llrof. x~. edirurtrr. einer 9fotiJ in bem stagebud1e eines ba• mafigcn !ßrimaners gel)t l)ertJor, baü bie $1::urnfJaIIe am 15. !notJembcr 1877 „bis auf ben ®dJornjtcin" fertig tuurbe, unb baü er, 4)err Osfar @rie.6Iing, um 12. UfJr fcierfidjft ben ®difüffe[ in @m.pfang nal)m. @:r l)ötte fidJ tuofJI nocf} Iönger gebulben miiffen, roenn er unb feine 9Jfüjd1iifcr nidJt fo tapfer beim mau mitgego[fen l)ätten. IDfü bem @erbe, bas bie ®dJilier unter fidJ jammerten, rourben bann audJ nodj bic nötig• ftcn sturngeräte bcfdjafft, unb ba bie „gc[Jo6cften !.Bretter" für ben 3unf>oben nicI1t au.sreid1ten, fuiiren bie ®dJilier, tuo bie Unebengeiten gar 3u groü lllaren, @:rbe an, unb biefe tuurbe bann roieber mit !Uaumrinbe bebecft. ®päter frei• lidJ, als ~fofang ber 80er ~agre bas @ef>äube burdj bie ~laffe tlon 1885 um ein Iicträdjfüd1es tlerlängert tuurbe, fanben in bem fo entftanbencn geräumigen ,,®aal", ber ftets tlorl)er mit @irianbcn gefdjmüdt lllurbe, bie ®d')IunfeieriidJ• feiten ftatt, unb I1ier tuurben audj nadJ bcr B'euersbrunft tlom ~agre 1894 bie• jenigen ®d)üler, bie iIJre m3ol)nungen in ben oberen ®tocfmerfen bes aerftörten .\lel)rge!iöubes gatten, protljforifdj untergebradjt. Unfere ~urniegrer in jenen ~agren roaren bie \Urofefforen Ott unb !ffieimar. SDiefe ·arte 5:turnl)aITe ift feit einigen ~agren tlerfdjluunben. Wt einiger !BeredJtigung fonntc man fagcn, ~fä i~i: ~(ir11d') bcfdJio[fen tuurbe, fic l)af>e auß•

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gcl>ient. 2r6er l>as in iljr entljaitene !Baumaterial fonl> nod'J einmal !8erltlen• l>ung, als man 1910-11 3ur (trrid'Jtung eines ~ioiierIJofpitais - $1700 fdJritt, ltlorin, um l>ie @efaTJr einer Wnftecfung 3u llerringern, crfranfte @5d'JüTer fic[jerocrgt unl> llcrpf[cgt ruerl>en.

THE BLACK AND RED Publi,hcd Monthly by lho Studcnts of tho Northwcatcm Collc10.

EDITORIAL STAFF A'_FRl!O J . SCHWBPPE: •15

E:DITOR-IN-CHIBP

BUSINESS MANAGERS LBON C. DROWATZKY •15 RICHARD M. }ANKE: '15

BUSINBSS MANAGl!R ASS'T BUSINBSS MANAGER

DEPARTMENT EDITORS ALBBRT B. MANTHBY '15 • PAULC. E ICKMANN '1 6 C E RT R UDB M. SCHLUETBR'l6 • • • • HENRY C. NITZ ' 15 , • ELME R C. KIESSLING '17 • ADE LBERT F . Wl!STl!.NDORF •16

BXCHANGBS ATHLBTICS DE: RBBUS OMNIBUS COLLBGB NOTBS LOCALS JOKl!.S Con lrlbutlnns to thc Lh cru r Dcp&"mcnt arc rcqucatcd from Afumnl and unlc,..,acfuatu. A.a Utcrary

matter ahoutd bc oddrc.sacd to thc l!dltor-ln•Chlcf and all buslncu commualcatlon.1 to t hc Bualncu: M.ao.l,l'cr. Stl\('\0 5

•

5 ~c:i~o!, !~h =~:Wf~:~!s:~cN~~cfl:cc!~~•ci ccou. ::t~c::~~~f°~ : t:~!!~onN:,~T.apptiutlon.

A dvcrtbln1 r.1tu furnJabcd u pon no Black aad Red 1s forw.trdcd to .1Uaublcdbcra untUordu for lta dbcontlnuaoc. fa r«clvcd or thc 11ub

a-. rlb, , hi inort 1h.u1onc yc,u ln•rrc,1u. Iln tcrtd .1t thc P ostoffice of W.t.tcrtown, Wll.,as ,ccond<lua matter.

College r111>er and l'bJa ;year'• E ditor ia l Stoa.

Wuf l>em groücn ~!nftaitßgrunl>ftiicf, non l>em aIIerl>ings in l>en· 80er ~afJ• ren ein 5teiI, etrua 8 ~(cfer, in Q3auµIäuen ausgelegt unl> fcil>er ltlegen l>er finan• 3iellcn 91öte llcrfauft ruerl>en muüte, erfJoo fidJ oail> barauf ein anl>erer mau, l>er fdJönfte in unierem @eoäul>efomµIe~, ein ®d'Jmucf unl> eine .8ierl>e l>er @5tal>t unl> l>cr oanaen Umgegenl> - l>ie neue sturnTJalie. SDocf) elje ltlir ein fur3eß !!Bort jloer fie fagen fönnen, miiffen ltlir erft einen IDloment bei l>enen

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t>erroeiTen, ~eren nie ermübenbem &ifer bie @5t)nobe biefe l'JctriidJe @aoe benn ein @efd)enf lllar eß - t>erbanft. ®d)on au roiberf)oitcn IDlaien, a. !8. Iiei ber !l3cfpred)ung bcr ~ioiiotrJ~f, ~r bie !Jiebe t>on unferem &lumnit>erein, einem !Beriianb, beifen @heller Ins 1e1Jt, tnie ber ben !Jiefigen !8erl)äih1iHen entre!Jnte mame außbrfüft, im lllefentn~en fold)e finb, bie baß @:oIIege aiif oit>iert unb mit eittem Baccalaureus Artmm t>eriaffen f)aoen. SDcr @ebanfc eines engeren Sufammenfd}Iuffes ging im ~aIJre 1878 t>on jJ!rofeifor ijugen molJ aus, bcn SDr. ~o(Jannes !8abing friiftig unter• ftüvte. ~m 91ad)mittage eines iebcn ~(ftusta• ges Iicruft ber !Be~einspriifibent, gegen• miirtig jJ!aftor ,\?ans stoIIcr Wlouifa, in !illatcrtolun eine !8erfammhtng ein, ber bie bort anfiiifigen unb bie 3ur ~eier erfcIJie• nenen ~({unmen oeilllo{J11e11. 9foc(J ~rfe• bigun(i ber laufenben @efdJiiite fofgt bcr lllege{ nodJ ein !8ortrag. unb am 9f6enb finbet bann ein gemiitiidJei\ !l3eifommen• fein mit fur3en !Reben unb bem ~(1t3!mtidJ oitcr &rinnerungen ftatt. Su ocbaucrn ift nur, bof3 fid). gclUÖfJnlidJ mn: eine ucr• (Jältnismiif3ig fcfir fieine SafJI ber 9ff1tm• nen am ~age bes ®dJuiidiTnifcs ci nftefCt. !illo eine lucitcre meife 311 mad)Cll ijt, Tönt fidJ in bas feIJr 1uoIJl ucrfteIJen, 3u111nf 1m• mittcHiar barauf, ·im ~11H, bie 9kiic 3m 01r~'t':!i- ~r ni~tlfücs. ®tJ1~obaiuerfammiung llon neuem Wnfor• . berungen an bie ~niic -ftcrrt. &ocr luer es irgenbll>ie möglid) madjcn fann, iorrtc fommen. ~ür riuarticr ll>iirbe Iici rcd1t• aeitiger &nmeibung geforgt ll>erben fönnen. füine ~rage : eine fliirferc !Be• teiiigung t>on feiten unferer &lumnen, unb IUir fügen IJin3u : unfcrcr Iielicn @cmeinbegiieber, llliirbe biefe '5dJluf3feierlidJfeiten me[Jr unb mc[Jr 311 bem mad)en, lllaß fie fein foIIen, au bem einen grofien ®dJulcreigniB. 01tf bos nIIeg anbete !Jinaielt. &uf geräufdJlloife !8orfommniiie anberer ~(rt, 1uic fic f011ft lllof)I an ber 5l::agesorbnung finb, lleqid)ten ll>ir gern. 5Denn auf bic mögiidJft ungeftörte ftirre unb treue ~(rucit im ®tubier• unb Straifc113immcr, luie un• fcl:Jeinoar fie aud) fein mag, fommt bodJ fd)Iief3IidJ allcß an. mtcl:Jt nur t>on &Iiiturienten (&Iumnen), fonbern bon aIIen, bie cinft ®d)ii• Ier unferer &nftait lllaren, fofern fie in ID'liilllaufec unb bcr nii[Jeren Umge• oung lllo!Jnen, lllurbe am 21. ID'lai 1907 ein 3llleiter !Bercin, ber Northwestern Club, gegrünbet. SDer !Biofer Otto &rnft, ein ®0I1n bes 5Direftors, galt bie &nregung, unb \Urofe[for ·j?ar[ ,\?utrJ, ber tiidJtigc ~ntµIJiiofogc am @:oncorbia litollege au IDliituaufee, tourbe bcr crftc l;ßriifibent. ~I)m folgten in biefem &mtc

ü6cr6licf U6cr bic fi,atcrcn ~a~rr.

Csfar @riclifino, Q3ramtcr einer <ucrfid)rru110{111cfcUid1aft, ~ - ~(. !IDurfter, ein @dd1iiits11101111, 'tr. ~- ~- ~ohn. rin ~lr3t. ~rnit 0011 'l\r:cien, ein mcd)tsan• malt, unb 3mci ~aftorcn, ~luouit ~ - ~cnblcr unb ~rrmann 4':}. ~liert. ~CUe ~eruf,:,aftrn· jin_b, ..mie lllilll . ficht. in .bcm ~crcin ucrtrctcn, unb ltlas fie al\e 3u• famn~cnocfülJ~t (Jat .unb immer ltlicbcr ,\1timlt1111.'niiihrt, mrnn fir fidJ 311 ·ihrem jii(Jrlid1cn "Smoker" ucriammcln, ift bie ~icbc 3u _bcr Alma Mater. Dli fie in .edJorcn am ruröbrridJ111iicf11n11stao nadJ )Il,\atcrto1u11 famcn, um (Jicr auf bcm liollcoevlau ir1rc11 North west1:rn üay ,111 il•icrn, ob [ie bic ticn IDlil•

WQ111naji11nt (~lfitntblQ

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ltJa11fcc'1: ®d1iiierfo113erte11 1Jora11soef1enbe mfü1eoolle !l3orarlicit ü6ernagmen, 06 fic in if1rci1 9te.ben bcr ~aoe ocbad1ten, ba fie (Jier auf bcr ®dJulliarif faä~n aus aflcm fpradJ 53ie6e au bcr ®dJule, bie ifJncn allen ctmail ß=efteß, Unoei:Iier• 6ares fiir ben stampf bc!l 53clienß mitoeoelicn f1at. Sie jinb es benn audi,· bie bcn \l3Ian fa[3ten, un[erem ~olleoc am einen ficfJtliaren !Beroeis igrer SOanfliar• feit bie l.lon bcn ®cfJiilcrn fo fJciä ericf1nte St'.urnf1allc 3u gelien. ~s tuar tuafJr• Hd) feine fcidJtc &ufoalie fiir einen ffeitten merein, bie erforberiidje ®umme boit mefJr afs $30,000 auf3u6ringen . @croifi, au_dj biefe anbere, .bie . nic{Jt au ber 9Ritofieber0ogl bcß füulis oegören, galicn ie nadj igrem mermögen roillio unb ft;eubio oröüere ober ficincrc ®ummen liciocfteuert, alicr tuel\\~ bcm aucf} fo ift, es lilciot bennoc!J tuafJr : ogne ben Northwestern Club, ofJne feine ~nitia, til.Jc unb nie eriaf1me11bc 91iif1riofeit T1ätten ll.lir jeJJt nicfJt, ll.las tuir galien. lffiir föJmcn fJier nicf}t alle nennen, bie auf .bie eine ober anbere lffieifc baß lffierf föt• berten ; alier mir finb ber 8uftimmuno aller oetui\'3, tuenn tuir atuei' Warnen gerausoreifcn unb beren :iträgern aucfJ an biefer ®terfe bcn oeliügrenben gera• ficf}en SOanf ali[tattcn. @kralle tueiI man eines encroifdjen, 1-1mfid'}tigen ~iig,

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!llorbcran{ld)t bcr etatuc.

Motto: Mii i-,Na.KwJU•. (.l!Qflel un!I nl~t mübe n,crbcn."-llllollo r,ct <llclcoenbcil bcr l!lmuelbunn ber neuen ll:nmbaOt.)

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rers ueburfte, tuäljlte man in bem ~aTJre, ba b~r !8au uegonnen unb ausge• füljrt rourbe, \ßaftor ~uguft !8enbler aum \ßräfibenten, unb mit bem gieidjen &ifer unb bem gleidjen &rfolge fevte im fo(genben ~af)re fein 91acfifo(ger, \ßaftor ~- ~- &6ed, feine 5tätigfeit fort. IDlod1ten bie @5dJroietigfeiten„ mit benen fie au fälltlJfen IJatten, nodJ fo groü fein, fie bedoren nie ben IDlut; nidJt genug fönnen mir bie Breubigfeit rilIJmen, mit ber fie ·bie IDliif1en trugen, bie iljr 2(mt als ~eiter bes UnterneIJmens iljnen auferlegte. ~&er fd1on ~(usgangs IDlai fonnte ber &cfftein für ben 91euliau gelegt roerben. ~err \ßaftor 2{b. !Baelienrotlj !Jielt bie ~eftrebe. &in genaues !Ueraeidjnis ber @elier 6rad1te bie ,,@l)m. !no." bes "Black and Red" bom ()ft. '12. ()l'Jenan ftef)t ber berftoroene @eo. !Brum, ber, ber $3000 3eid1nete, unb feine @attin, bie nodj $4000 ljin3ufügte. mer frü, f)ere @5dJiifer .\:\ein. @5dJröber, ber au&erbem, liefonbers fiit ben @eliraudJ l:ler \ßro• frfiorcn, eine Stcgcl~aim ftiftete, gali $2000, unb ein lillatertoiuncr @önner, @eo. ~alufinß, idJcnfte $1000, bie als "Gymnasium fund" für bie ~nrtanbfJaitung l>cr 5!:'.urnfiaf{c feftgclegt iuurben. Berbinanb füecfI1efer unb fein i113roifdJen f)eimocoangener !8ruber lillilIJclm, bie @5öfme bes friif1er genannten !Boarbmit• gliel>cß, oa6en bcr eine $2000, ber anbete $1000. Berner erf)iert ber c;t{uo je $1000 t>on @Scorge \13. ID1al)er unb ~!Jr. @5.tarfe. 'iI:>odJ mir fönnen nidit alle @elier fJier auf3öTJlen, iuir fönnen ilmen nur banfen, bon 4:\er3en banfen. 9Micn l>cn @clblietrögen, bie ben !Bau mögfidJ madJten, luurbe uns nodJ eine an l>ere @.la6e au teiI, bie ba/3 2Iuge erfreuen, bie „ein @5innliilb treuen 6trcliens" jein joff. !non ber College Avenµe aus liiegen tuir in einen burdJ einen 1ueitc11 9laien1Jfall iidJ TJinidJli:ingeinben 8ementi,fab ein, ber an unieret ftol3en llfme unll il1rer füineren @eföhrtin borii6eriill1rt; banit fdJteitcn mir bie ®tnicn 011 llen einlal>enben sterrailen f1inauf, bie l>en mnnang ,'11 unferer '.iturnl1al1c jo auüerorllentlidJ beridiönern, unll l1ier nun, inmitten eines !non• l>efiß, griiüt 1mi3 ein ®tanlll'lilll aus <Stein, baß einen !ffiettliiufer "on bis marks" llarftcnt, llcr mit llcm Wußllrucf 1111erfd1iitterfid1cr 811berfid1t lla/3 ni:id1ftc ~ommanl>o ermartct: "Get set !" ~in .füinftlcr in Wlilmaufcc, l.ß[Jili))IJ 2o1Jr, l1at e/3 einem l\(uftrag gemöü trefflidj ausgefiifirt, unll uon ller @5t. ID?attf)äus• @cmcinllc llafellift iuurlle es follann „unicrcr l1o!Je11 ®d1ufo" als finniges @e• fdJcnf iiucr1uicfc11. 'iI:>ie uon ilJrem \ßaftor Wnguft c;t_ !Benllier, ftammenlle ~n• fdJrift a(1er rautet: Ets Be >..ap.ß&.vi, TO ßpaßt'iov.

"But one receiveth the prize ;" Bear then in mind : In faithful effort Alone true victory lies. ~g 1uirll wenige unter ben ffoineren c;toO:egcs gelien, bie fic!J bes !Befiu~s einer io fd)önen, fo fe!Jr allen 2(nforllenmgen entjprcd}enbcn sturnf1alle rilIJ• men fönnen. 2llier llies 112 ~uü lange unb 72 ~ufJ lireite @eböulle bient roofJI bornelimiidJ, aber nidJt 6Ioä turncrifdjen 8roecfen. SDer 4:\auutraum im ~nneren, ller, feitllem llas nötige @eftüf1I liefdjafft rourlle, aufammen mit l>er f)ängenllen !JtennlialJn für 1500 .8ul1örer @5i!J))lab bietet, luirb augieidJ altt @5aaI

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uenu!Jt, -itt l>em nun unfcre S'ton3cdc, unier &ftu!l unll anllere ~eiern ftattfin• llen. ~ie &fuftif iit oan3 ausocaeidinet. !lfodJ ller @:ntljülluno llc!l ®ta1Jl>oilllc!l unll llcHcn :üueroauc, llic ~crr !IB. ~ermann, jßräfillent ller ®t. ID1attljäu!locmeit'tllc, in einer J)affcnllcn &niJ)rodJc bolfaog, folgte untJ!r llcm @efang bon ~olicgcficllcrn unll_ lren füönorn llcr

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6d1iilrrfapcrlc llic üflmcid1ung llcr ®cf)fiiifcf llcs f1crrfid1cn @eflöitllcs icitcns llcs Northwe i-tern Clubs an l>ic bctrcffcnllc '13chörllc. ~fls llic I.Ufortcn oc• öffnet n,urbm. n1ar ball> iellcr ~ilJ ·unl>· iel>cr :StcfJp(alJ llcrgcbcn, unl> nun lnuid1tc l>ic W?ennc l>cr ~lnf iirad1c lles 'iriteftors, llcr 9lcl>e \.Unftor <nenMers unb einer \ßrcl>igt, l>ie in einer fid} anfd}lief3enl>en gottesl>ienftlicIJen 3,eier

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ller gegenn:>ärtige lßräfes ller <5t)nolle, ein maffengenoffe SOr. Otts, lßajtor @uftab !8ergemann aus ijonb bu 2ac, giert. SOcn um llcr !illeif)e bollaog lßaftor @:bert. @:ine auf3erorl>entlid1e !fgrung n:>ieberfu{Jr imferer U!nftait an bem 5tage baburdJ, l>a[J ber lßräfillent ber !Bereinigten <Staaten bie foigenbe @fücf. h:>Unfd}l>epefd)e fanlltc: "Executive Office, Beverly, Mass., Oct. 20, 1912. · "To the Rev. August F. Ernst, President of Northwestern College, · Watertown,. Wis. . "I congratulate you and your associates on the occasion of the dedication of the new gymnasium of Northwestern College. From my boyhood I have been on terms of intimacy with men of your church ; for in my home town more than one-third of our people are Germans, a great majority of whom are Lutherans. I can not too highly commend their sturdy character and reliance for the great part they have taken in our civilization. Those whom I knew best were t he leaders of those Germans who went into the civil wär to uphold the union, vindicate freedom and eradicate slavery. I understand that your college strives for religion, liberal education and good hcalt h. I wish you every success and feel sure that your efforts will bc for the good of the church, the people of the church and the count ry. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT." Sl'aum 311 crmciien iit bcr ®cgcn, bcr llon bicfer 5turnf1aifo ausgeIJt. ID'lan fann iielJ fiir i:lic <SdJiHcr, tucnn fic in bcn !illintcrmonatcn ifJrc ijrei3eit genie• f3cn tuoffcn, t'cinen 6cficrcn Wufentr1altsort benfcn. ~ ier ftäljlen fie if)rcn ~ör• per, tuael1icn 311 gejunbcn, fröjtigen IDlenfd)en f1eran unb ertragen fpäter IcidJ• ter bic ID1iH1iciigfeitc11 ifJrcß merufes, namcntiidJ tuenn iie als lßaftoren unl> !lleijcprebigcr me{Jrerc @emeinben 6ebienen unb oft meite, uefd}toerlid}e 2anb• fagrtcn maelJcn miiffen. ~ ier fpielen fie iljr Basketball, ein <Spiel, in l>em berfdJicbene Sl'Ia\ien fid) mitcinanber mejfen, ober fie mad}en unter ber 2eitung if1rcs regen unb fögigen 2 cf)rcrfl bic Übungen llurd), tuie fie eben ber Unterrid)t mit fiel) bringt. \l3rofeffor Stotuaifeß !llorgänger, lßrofeffor <Sprengring, ber eucnfaIIß a{ß director of athletics mit 2eiu unb <Seele uci ber <Sad}e lnar, f)at ein neues !llegiement außgearucitct, baß feitbem bieiem ltnterrid)t au @Srunbe gelegt mirb. SOarnad} f1at ieber <Sd}üier aud) in Iieaug auf förperlid}e Übungen ein beftimmteß Ouantum ~Irueit au fciften, . bon ber er nur auf @runb eincs äratiidJen filttefteß bispenfiert werben fnnn. SDa3u gefJ.ört aud} für oejtimmte ~laffen ber SDriII ber Military Company, l>ic ifJr Cifntjtc{Jcn bcm ielJigen <Sd)ulle{Jrer <Sd)auer, !!Batertomn, berbanft, l>er mit biefen itoungen 1892 oe• gann unl> fid} afs frügerer l>eutfd}er Unteroffiaier aud} bortrefffü:g baau cig• nete. SOie ID'litgfiel>er llerfeloen -toie aud) bie bcr ®d)üierfapeIIe tragen eine Uniform, unb gerne fiegt man fie, unfcre ~betten, n:>ie fie im ijrül,iaf)r ein•

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mal mit flinocnl>cm ®µicI 3ur ®tal>t IJinaus3icIJc11 unl> einen 1ucitcn ~1oridJ antreten, bellen 8ieI eine @emeinl>e in einer l>er umiicgenl>en DrtidJaften ift, l>ie fic cingclal>en 'f)at, fiir einen stag ifJre @öfte 3u fein. ~m ~crbft unl> ~tiifJja[Jr ift l>er !itummcIµlo{J l>cr ®diiilcr l>er 1ueitc Campus, iuo fie fid) oor allem l>cm fo beliebten 9fotionoijµieI, l>em Baseball, unl> neben l>icfcm l>em Football 1ui"l>111e11. SDa gibt cß l>onn oudJ nocIJ forgföltiger !Borbereitung !fficttilJieic: l>ie ®d)iifcr einer anl>cren s::leIJranitalt mei[en fidJ in IJartem Stampfe mit ber ~011ptgru1,J1Je unferer ®µieler, unl> l>er ~ubeI 1uiII erflörlid)etltleiic fein (fol>e nciimen, luenn l>fo Unirigcn l>en ®ieg l>aoontrogcn. !ffial)rt man l>ie redJtcn @re113cn, fo Iöut fid) gegen IoldJe ®µicfc foum chuo6

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cimuenl>en. Sie cnhuicteln 3meijcf103 gcmiile gute [igc1iidJnftr11 ; l:>c1111 o(i nc Umfid)t unl> einen gemiifcn <5dJariblid', ofJne ein 11111tigcß mornngcfJc11, olJnc Gfnergic Iäüt fid) nidJtß crreidJen. ~fuüerl>em iit offos. geregcft ; 11ur \llldJc l:> iir• fen fidJ üoerIJnupt l>oron bcteifigen, l>cmt ®dJu(lciftungen l>urdion?i [1cf riebi• genb finl>. Um nodJ einmaI auf l>ie !iturnIJaC!e 3u fommen, fo i[t mit 9kdJt Iierollrgc• ()oben ltlorl>en, l>au fie iuäIJrenl> l>cr ~reiaeit l>ie ~lujfidJt über l>ie ®dJiilcr 1111!> l>arum audJ l>ie 2rufredJterIJaltung l>er Orlmung nid)t 1ucnig crleiditcrt. @:iµo• 3iergöngc l>er ®d)iilcr finl> jo l>urdJaus 3u empfcIJ(cn; oücr iic 1uil>erifcf)e11 l>odJ je{Jt IeidJtcr l>er !Bcrfudiung, lidJ quf l>en @;trauen l>er ®tollt um(Jer0utreifJcn unb bielleid)t örtiid)feiten auf3ujud)en, l>ercn !!Jejud) unterjagt ift. ~n !Bcrbinl>ung mit l>cr Gfin1uei'f)ungsfeier ltlurl>e l>er efJr1uürl>ige \l3röjcß bcr @:it)nobe erltlä'f)nt. !ffiir möd)ten (Jin311fügen, l>au er 3ugleid) ~röies bes !l3erltlaftungsrates ift. SDie übrigen @lieber l>ieier !Bc(Jörl>c !inb: \lJaftor ~ufius Sfüngmann, !ffiatertoltln, !l3i3epräjil>ent. \lJaftor ~- ~. IDlacl)miIIcr, _ID'lanito1uoc, @:iefrctör.

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Dr. med. 2, ~inn, ijonb bu ~ac. lßgiT. 2ucaß, &iiiftent bes @5u\)crintenbentcn bes öif cntlicfJcn 6dJ11[1ucicn~. IDlihuaufee. ~aufmann ~oTJn @5cf)lütcr, !ffiatcrtolun. \"ßaftor m. @5iegicr, ·!ffiatertotun. &in IDHtgTicb, ~err &uguft• SteUing, !Bamneiitcr, W1ihuaufcc, 1uurbc uor furaem au @raoe getragen. 18 ~erren oiiben fomit bieie !8cTjörbe, . unb .fje beri amn1elt ficfJ iüfJtiidJ au igrer erftcn @5i1Jung am 2. IDlitttuoaJ im ,@5cptcmoer unb 0u ber 0tuciten am 2. IDlittroocfJ im ~uni, boaJ roerbcn auaJ fiäufig auüerorbentriaJe ®ifJungen oc• rufen. &in befonberes !ffiort ber ~(ncrfennung gcbüTJrt bem &i;cfutibfomitee, baß ficf) aus brei ber ortsanfäifigen @Heber (~. @5cf)Cüter, \ßaftor ~fingmann, ij. @amm) aufammenfelJt. @sie berlUaiten alles &igentum, fei e~ @runboefi1J, fei es belUeglid)e ~abe, unb bringen im \namen ber !BeTJörbe 3ur &ußfügrung, lt>aß fid) bei ber allgemeinen !8ertualtung ber &n[tart als nottuenbig ertueift. 8u igren aagireicf)en !8erufspfiicf)ten fommen gierl>urcf) oel>ingte IDlüIJcn, benen fie fiel) um ber @5aaJe roiilen gerne unb oTJnc &ntgcft unter0icgen.

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SDas eifrige !l3ifitationsfomitee, bas auß ben l;ßaftoren ~- !Brenner unb ~@. @Iaefer unb ~errn ~- ~ranf liefteljt, tt>oTJnt ljäufig tt>äljrenb beß €,d)uljalj• reß ben UnterridJtsftunben liei. .\ffieitere St'omiteen finb baß mnan3fomitee (&. b. !Uriefen, SDr. ~inn, .\ffi. ~- @raefJner) unb bas !Bubgetfomitee (!ßräfeß !Bergemann, !ßräfes @At'.lfelt>il.l, ~- @amm, ~ - ®dJCiiter, &. b. !Briefen). • SDa bie (5dJule, audJ bem !IDortlaute beß Charters gemäf3, nid)ts anbereß iit unh niemals etluas anberes IJat fein tt>ollen aiß ein @:oI(egc, fo tt>ar eß nur na• tiirfidJ, bau man cnbfidJ, um ben &inbrucf, a(ß fege(e man tt>iffentlid) unter einer faljdJcn ~logge, ali3utue(Jren, eine &nberung bes üf>erfommenen Warnens Ndrthwes tern University ernftiid) in &r1uägung 30g. &s tt>urben bon ller• fdJicbenen ®citen mandJerlei anbere meljr ober 1ueniger t,affenbe Warnen in !l3or• id)fag gcbradJt. ~Wein man entidJioi3 fid) fdJlief3Cidi, baß licf>gett>onnene Northwestern bei3ube(JaUen, tuenngicidJ baß !l3or(Janbenfcin llerfdJiebener @:o[egeß gieidJcn 91amcns in anberen ·(5taaten ancrbings au !l3ertt>edJsiungen ~niaf3 geben fann. fül.lterem !Jäitc man llie[cidJt, tt>oran man aber bamais nid)t badJtc, burdJ ein .8uriicfgreifen auf bie äUejte !Ueaeid)ltung Wisconsin Univcrsity tlorbeugcn rönnen. SDann IJätte eß . ge(Jeif3en Wisconsin College. mon ber 9fomcnsänberung, iüie fie bic 2cgisiatur ·unferes @>taateß auf uu jcrcn !IDun[dJ llorna!Jm, ljanbelt Chapter 283, Laws of Wisconsin 1911 : "A n act to amend chapter 120 of the laws of 1867, as amended by chaptcr 197, of the laws of 1899, relating to Northwest ern University at Watertow n, Wisconsin, and changing its name to North·western College."

Dl)fcrluiffigfcit uufmr @cmcinbcn lici bcn burn, !Unftor 91. eiicgler crfioliencn .\)nu6fo«cftcn. a!Iiäf)riidJ für ben 4;\aus!Ja[t unfmr <Sl)nobe unb @cmeinben bie !IDäfJ rcnb 2eljranftaUen ifJre rcgcimäfligen Sonn• unb unferer @;r[jaltung 3ur audJ alfo ))efttagß.stollcften in ber fürdJe unb aud) tt>oljf aunerorbentrid)e ~ausfoIIeften erljelien, ift im 2aufe ber lefJten ~aIJre burd) ben 3um „!Bertreter ber ~[nftart" f>erujenen \l3aftor !Jlidjarb <Siegier eine liefonbere ~außfo!Iefte erljo6en tllorben, teils um neuer !Uauten tt>irren, bie errid)tet 1uerben munten, teifß um bie auf arten @cfJöuben nod} Iaftenben <SdJuiben unb fonftige €5l)nobaffdJulben au tif• ·gen. .8u biejer St'oIIefte ljalien, tt>ie tt>ir fa(jen, !Bemittelte unb tt>eniger !Bemit• terte in ben liis iel.lt liefudJten @emeinben mit fofd)er Eielie unb iOt,fertt>iIIigfeit oeigeftcucrt, baf3 bon ben freitt>iIIig geaeidJneten <Suliffriptionen aus 108 !ßaro• "d)ien · oereits an $142,000 in bie Staffe gef[offen finb. SDieie !itatfad)e mun leben, bem an bem @ebeiljen unferes ([oIIege liegt, mit aufrid)tiger- ~reube er• füIIen. !mir hanfen bett füoen @eoern, bcr !IDitlt>e, bie iljr <Sd)erffein bar• 6rad1te,: unb bem tt>o6IT)aoenben !lnanne, ber fid) nur als !ßertt>arter unb· ,\?aus• , ~alter ber iljm bon @ott anbertrauten irbijd)en @üter 1Ueif3 unb fie gerne opfert .:_ tuir hanfen i(jnen aIIen aus tieffter <Seeie unb liringen aum ~eid)en beffen

{U c dl II cf 116 t r b ic f ll at c r c n $ a h t.

unl> aut ~tmunterutlg für anbcre (2. Ciot. 9, 2) eine S!ifte ber @emeinben, bic be[uc{)t murben, unb ber auuerorbentlic{)en !Beträge, bic [ie bcige[teuert gaben. 0Senieinl>e au mlinona, jßräfeß \PfJ. bon 91ofJr .... . . . . . . . . . . .. . $ 2,111.25 405.00 @emeinbe au oountain erift), lßaftor &. !UolloredJt. . . . . . . . . . . . 782.00 ®icglcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @emcinbe au ijoreft, \Paftor &. @emeinbe au 47uftißforb, \Paftor ml. 47utg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,625.00 1,134.00 @emeinbe au !Bat) erift), !l3aftor o. strirun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.00 @emeinbe au ®out'() !Bat) erittJ, jßnftor &. ·4?anfc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,199.00 @emcinbe au 47artforb, lßaftor ~{Jr. l,ßrobft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,216.00 \ParodJie 3u mlooblanb, \Paftor er. 2eßcoru ... . ... .. . .. ..... . . 1,44.2.00 l,ßarodjie au 51:'.oltln 47erman, \ßaftor &. !itocµeI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571.00 Qlemcinbc au ~ron mibge, \Paftor ~- 91icn ... . ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !l3ogcs \l3arod1ic au 5.tfJercfa, l,ßaftor Ci. o. 1,802.00 @emcinbe au ffird)gain, lßaftot &. ~eioeI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J,013.00 @cmeinbe au @ranoiIIe, lßaftor ml. 47ocnecfc. .. . . . ... .... . . ... 1,617.00 @emcinbc au &µµIeton , lßaftor :itim. Sauer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -®t. ~oIJa1meß,@cmeinbe au IDliiruaufcc, jßräfcß ~- !8abing.. . . . . 5,71 2.00 9,080.85 @naben,@emcinbe au IDlilltlaufce, lßaftor 5!1Jeo. ~acfeI . . . . . . . . . @emeiitbe au mlatertonm, \ßaftor ~- stlingmann. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,735.00 1,959.00 !Parocl}ie au ®IJebol)gan Ballß, \Uaftor o. ~Clle 2allcmanb . . . . . . . . 650.00 . . . . . . . . ~aocborn. 0. \Paftor IDliCluaufee, au <Salcmß,@emcinbe ®t. l,l3cterß,@cmeinbe au IDlillllaufcc, lßajtor m:. !8ö6cnrotTJ . . . . . . . ·2,811.tl.00 . \l3arodJie au erale,l>onia, \ßaftor o. .fiodJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046.00 4.00.00 .8ionß,@cmcinbe au ®outrJ IDlihoaufce, lßaflor ~- Sl'odJ. . . . . . . . . . 506.00 @emcinbc au Onalaßfa, \ßnftor @. 51::~urolo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,510.00 s.ßarod)ic au !l3arrc IDlillß, ml. ®aTcm, \l3aflor 9t ®icgicr . . . .. . . 1,577.00 ~ucaß,@cmcinbc 3u IDlilruaufee, \l3aftor !l3. \ß. 9?onnncnicn . . . . . . . 1,177.00 . . . . . . . .". . . . ... . .. Wlouifa ~r. \Pattor .@cmeinbc au !l3uriinoton, 656.00 @emcinbc au Oafrooob, \Paftor ~- !8. !l3cr11tr1aI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550.00 @emeinbe au 47alJ Circef, 1,J3aftor 5.tgeo. ®dJrocbcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,462.00 @emcinbe au erorumbuß, lßaftor 0. stodJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @emeinbe au ~eft !8enb, \l3aftot ~- 47ot)er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,285.00 755.50 lßarod)ie au mlat)ne, &bbilon, 1,J3aftot ~- &. !Petri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633.00 @emeinbe au 2omira, l,ßaftor 47. mlolter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 48.00 @emcinbe au lllroronßoille, \Paftor m:. mlerr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,371.25 \ßarodjie au IDlccan, IDlontello, l,ßnftor m:. @idJiei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @emeinbe au 47uifäbutg, \Paftor o. !8Iiefernid)t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,934.00 lßarod)ie au !8eaber SI>am, strenton, lßaftor @. Stern . . . . . . . . . . . 1,536.00 @emeinbe au !8eaber SDam, \Paftor 47. !8rocfmann . .. ..... ·... ... . 1,029.50 1,107.00 @emeinbe au ~uneau, l,ßaftor Cigr. <Sauer. . . ... .. . . ...... ... 2,000.00 . . . . ." . . .... .. .. er \ßatod)ie au stomag, S!incoln, l,ßaftot ~- @Häf @emeinbe au <Stanton, !nebr., \Paftor er. ml. CSieoCer . . ... ::. . . . . ~,000.00 1,371.00 ~emeinbe au ·47abat, !ncbr., l,l3rä[eß ~eo. !8räuet ... . . . . ."::...

il & c r 6C icf ll & c r b l e

n, a te re n

3 a ~ re.

@emcinbe au 91orfo{f, 91ebr., \l3aftor ~- !lllitt ...... .. . . ...... . @emcinbe au 5l3ltJmoutfJ, 91cbr., \l3aftor IDl. s:!eljninger ....... .. . @emcinl>e 3u ~irtCJ, 91ebr., \l3aftor ~- !8lumenfran3 .. . .... . ... . @emeinbe au @rcfbam, \ncbr., \l3aftor \13. !Jlcuter .... ..... .... ·. . @cmcinl>e 3u ~latonia, 9?cbr., \l3aitor &. 91el>lin . ..... . ....... . @cmcinbc 3u !lllinfibc, Webr., \l3ajtor @. \l3rcn . ... . ....... . .' .. @emcinl>e 3u ~osfüts, ~cbr., l.l3aftor m. @rubcr .... .. ... . .... . !l3arodJic au ®cio, 3rcel>om, IDlic{J., \l3aftor ~ - starrer ....... ... . @cmeinbe 3u ®alinc, IDlidJ., \ßröieß ~- fil(. s:!cl>mr ....... ..... . @cmcinl>c 311 ~?ortrificfl>, IDlidJ., !l3aftor !lll. 3iidJer .. ....... ... . @cmcinl>c 311 Drooflo, WlidJ., l.13aftor stlj. .\)a(Jtt . .. . ..... .. .... . ~arodJic 3u ®a1t11Jcr, • !llliß., !ßajtor 3. ®c{Jumann . .. ..... .... . @cmcinl>c 311 ~(lgoma, • lffiiil., \Paftor 3. &pplino . .... .. ...... . \ParodJic 311 .<;;,amburg, • !lllis., !l3aftor ~ - 3rcunl> . .... ... : .. . . . ~arod)ic 311 W?arqucttc, • !lB is., l.13aftor !lll. filocpfc . . . . .. . ... . .. . @cmcinl>c 311 (:);oopcrs to1un, • !llliß., !l3aftor !13. füottfa .. .... ... . . @cmciul> c 011 St.01u11 B=ranflin, • !llliß., !ßajtor ~- IDlonIJarl>t. .. . . . @cmcinl> c 311 s:!01ucff, • !lllrn., $aftor fil(. fürc{Jncr ....... ... .... . (]emcinl>c 311 stmo 9liucrs, • !lllis., \l3aftor lrlj. SDö(JCer . . .. .. . .. . ~arod)ic 011 ;3'nirburn, • !llliß., \ßaftor !lll. ~- ,\)eil>tfc . ... . .. . . .. . @cmcinl> c 311 ß=rccl>om, • lffiis., lßajtor @. S)cttmann ...... . ... . \ßarodJic J11 G:fiiton, \ßajtor ~m. !UratfcbuidJ........ . ...... . . . @cmcinl> c 311 lffiilion, lßaftor ~- .\)acfcr ... . . .. .. ...... .. .. . . . @cmciubc 311 9tibgcl.Jif{c, !ßajtor fil(. ®tocf .. ... ..... . .. ... .... . @cmcinbc 311 ~cfferi on, \l3ajtor ,\7. !Bogd : . ..... . .... .. . . .. . . . ~arodJic 011 9ic1u1.Jilfc, \ßaftor %(Jeo. B=inf .. .. . . ....... .. . .. . !ßarodJic 311 5ffif)itctuatcr, ·ll3ajtor ~- DlJbc . ..... ... ...... . ... . \l3arodiic 311 m?ariIJafC, \l3ajtor &. SDornfefb .. . .. . .... ....... . @cmcinbc 311 (fü(Jorn, l,ßajtor CHJr. @cucrs ..... . . . .. .. ..... . . @cmeinbc 3u 2ccbs, lßaftor @. ®tern . ....... ... . . . .. .... .. . \.llarodiic 311 !!Jrillion, \ßaftor Wl. @lauer . .. ... . . ...... . . . .. . . @cmcinbc 311 9tanboipfJ, \l3ajtor ~- ~aafc...... ... . .. . ...... . @cmcinbe 3u Weroburg, \ßaftor lffi. IDlalinfc . ....... ....... .. . . l.13arodJic 3u Wlifbicott, \ßaftor &b. 8cir ... ...•.. . .. ...... ... @emcinbc 3u @ibion, \l3aftor ~olj. fileuidicL ..... . . . . . ....... . @cmcinbe 3u !lllinneconne, \l3aftor D. ~ol:)er . ..... . .. ....... . . @emeinbc 3u ~al:)ton, l.13aftor lffi. ®c{)Iei .... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . \)Jarodiic au !ncena(J, \)Jaftor &. 3rölJife ....... .. : . . .... .... . . @cmcinbe 3u D. !Bioomfielb, \jJaftor ~- 8ubcruicr . ... . . .... .. . l.13aroc{Jic 3u Dsceoici, ~enturia, l.13aftor 5tljeo. fil(f6rcdJI ... .... . . . !l3arod)il? 3u \l3rairie B=arm, lßaftor @. !Batcr .. . . . ... ....... . : @emeinbe 3u @reen !8atJ, \l3aftor &ug . .8idJ ....... ....... .. . . @cmcinbe 3u @reen !8at), !l3aftor ~ - ®iegrift . .. .. . .. . .. .... . .

2,629.00 2,044.00 915.00 t,218.00 780.00 596.00 388.00 1,329.00 1,57 l.50 619.50 737.50 565.75 784.00 330.10 380.50 252.50 698.50 814.00 657.50 380.00 382.50 1,213.00 712.00 2,241.00 1,93•1.00 1,150.00 1,593.00 1,398.00 900.00 1,344.00 2,119.00 1,151.00 908.00 1,218.00 1,001.00 860.59 1,142.25 1,728.75 1,223.00 1,588.00 1,177.00 638.0(l 310.50

il 6 er Hi cf il 6 c t b i c fl,

at c t

c 11

~ 11 ~ t

@emeinbe au !Jloot G:recf, \ßaftor G:. ~ljurotu .. . .. . . . . . . .. ... . . @cmeinbe au .\jclenllille, $aftor @. G:. ~rebridJ . . .. ... .. ... .. . . g:maI-@emeinbc au @lobe, \ßaftor .\>, !Uranbt .. .. . . . . . . .. ... . $arod)ie au !Barron, $aftor ~- !ffiagner . .. . ... .. .. . . .. .. ... . ~erufalcmß-@cmeinbc au IDliltuaufcc, !ßaftor ,\>einridJ @iefdien . . . @emeinbc au 2a G:roffe, !ßaftor ~- @amm..... .. .. .... . . ... . $arod)ie au @llington, !ßaftor {:f, !ncbfüt .. . . .... .. . . . .. .. .. . . . @emeinbe au .\')ortonbille, !ßaftor @. ~- !13öttdJer . .. .... .. ... .. . $arod}ie au !8Iacf G:reef, $aftor &. ~ - .\)erafeibt .. . . . ... . .. ... . @emeinbe au !Reebßbi!Ic, \l3aftor .\). ~odJ . . . . . . .. .......... .. . @emeinbe au @:enter, !ßaftor !ffi. @. .\)aafe . . . .... . ..... . .. .. . $arodJie au !lllaplc lrreef-2i6ertl), 5,ßaftor 5tIJ. !Urenncr . ... . . . . . . !ßarod)ie au IDlcIDliIIan, !ßaftor &ug. l.l3ä1J ... . .. .... : . . .. . ... . l.l3arod}ie au &&Ieman, !ßaftor ~- 1}3opp . . . . ... . . ............ . \l!c:frod}ic au !8araooo, !R. 5, !ßoitor FQ. !!3ieftcn3 . .. ...... . ... . . @emcinbe au !ffiiiton, !lt. 3, $aftor ~- 2oeper .. ..... . .. . .... . . \UarodJie au g:ort Wtfinfon, jßaftor &. ~- 91icoiau8... . . . . . . . . . . \Uarod)ie au G:ljafcf>urg, jßaftor ~- ,\). !ßalcdJcf .. . . ... . .. ... . .. $ @emeinbe au SI:lcß 1}31aineß, jßaftor ~- :itocpcI . .... . .. ... . .. . . @emeinbe au IDlorrifon, \Uoftor !Br. @foboidJ .-. .. . . .......... . @cmeinbe au !ffiilmot, !ßaftor <S. ~(. ~cbefe .. . .. . .· . . . . . . . . . . . \Uarod)ie 0u IDlebforb, l,ßaftor m..4}iliemann ... . . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . @emcinbe au SI:lunbas, jßaftor ~- ~lcufdJcI .. ... ..... . ..... . . . g:mat-@emeinbe 3u s:!ittlc ~alls, !ßoftor ,\?. Sd1111cling ... ..... .

1;216.5Q, 1,609.50 707.50 429.85! 1,235.00 3,901.00 1,773.00 1,331.00'• 906.00 1:,701.00 745.00 964.. 00"· 824.50 830.50 ' 1,177.00 1,114.00 2,59~.oo 2;402.00 ' 656.50 1,804.00 709.00· 1,401.!:iO 75-1.00 ,106.00

<Stmuno . . . . . . . ... . .... . . . $1'18,167 .56 •~n bieim mit • oc3cid1nctcn 10 @cmcinben l)at \l3ailor &. .\7oofc follcflicrt.

IV.

lltnfrr illnlbgr, Utir fß 4rute ift.

i!aufe unfercr SDarfteliung tuurben neben bcn eigentlidJen ~ollegege• 6äubcn, bem 5:!efJr•, !ffio[Jnungß, unb iffiirtfdiaffägebäubc, her Stutn[Jar!e unb bem ~folicrf)ofpita[, audJ ·fünf her 6t)nobe gef)örige !ßrofefjorentnoij• nungen erluöfint. Qinfß bom 4:laupteingange unferes \ßarfs, an ber College Avenue, ftcf)t ber arte, fpäter 1Jergr.öf3erte !8adfteinoau, ber als !ßräfibenten• luofJnuno bient; unb lueiter nörbfidJ, in geringem 2!bftanbe, nur burdJ hie beibw Ufmen bon ifJr getrennt, crf)eben fidJ bie 1903 crricfJteten ,\?ol3ge6äube, bie ge• oemuärtio llon ben !j3rofeiforen 6dJliitcr mtb ,\?örmann 6croofJnt ruerben. SDr. Ott's bamiliemuofJmmg ift bie ftiifJere ~nfpeftorruofJnung, ein !Uadfteinbau [Jinter be1115MJrge6äube, unb llon ber mit bem!ffiof)nge6äube IJerounbenen unh bon ifJt auß oefJei3ten jeOioen ~ nfpeftorruofJnung ift elienfalls licreits bic !Jlebe ge• luefen. wrn hie 6 1111obe iuege11 ber f)öd)fl ungiinftigen !ffiofJn• unb ID'lietsllerf)ältniffe i11 !ffiatcrtotu11 tlen !!JefdJfuf3 faütc, in jebem ~aiirc ein ,\?aus 311 bauen, bis für jebr11 ~c11rer ei11c fil\0!11111110 llotTJanben fei, erftanb man llas an ber 12. 6traäe, in 1mmittrlf1am: 9?äf1c bes @:offegc [icgenbe 6mitf)'fdJe unb baß ijintcn an, gren3c1tllc @5cfJtöbcf'fdJe @runbftiid, bas feine O:ront an ber !JlidJatbß Wbe. fJat. SDas ffci m• 6 111itl1'fd1e~aus ruurbe initanbgefcOt unb ift jeOt bermietct. 9folien bie• fem ~m1[c tunt 91aum fiir 3ruei, unb in ber !JlidjarM ~[llenue fiir brei !ßrofeffoten• ~äufer. \lflfc llicfe ,tiäufer IUurben im 5:!aufe ber .8eit gebaut. 1911 er[Jiert !ßro• iejjor f)'.ra1t f, 1912 \j3rofeffor !Bolle eilwWmtsluolJnung~ roas fiir bic 61)nohc ba• mals ci1tc ~fuggabe llon etwa $8600 liebeutetc. 1913 flefdJlofJ man bann, in t'incm ~afirc gfcidJ brci ,tiäufec 311 bauen, u11b jeOt fteijen neben ber !IDC'ljnung !j3rofcjf or lJranfs bie etluas ffeineren, aber ebenfalls fcfJt ruofJnfidjen ,\?äufer bet \l3rofefioren ,\?utTJ unb ,\)enfef, luäfirenb bas gerabe fo !1t'liaute .\?aus jjlrofeffor ~ulilotus feine ®teile neben bcmjenigen \ßrofeffor !8olles in ber 12. 6traf3e fanb. SDa bic &11tfermmg bon 6traiie 311 6traüe etroa 400 ß=ui:l betränt, fo ljaben bie fJicr toolmenben ~elirer f)inreidJenb @efegenlieit, fidJ in iIJren Wluüeftunben als @ärtner 511 betätigen, luobon bet mufterljafte !füumen• unb @cmüfegarten !ßtofeffor 3ranfä fräftig .8eugnis ablegt. ,\?ier an ben ,\?äufern ber !Jlidjarbs Wbenue fäTJrt Me llon IDliitoaufee fom• menbe eleftrifdJe !!3a[Jn llorliei, biegt .bann ein T1albes ,\?äufergebiert toeiter in Me erft fiiqlidJ in einen Boulevard bcrtoanbelte fd)öne Western Avenue ein unb geroäfJrt fo aus nädiftcr 91äfJe IJom !ffiagenfeniter aus einen !Ulid auf unferen lJert:• Iic!)en Collcgepark mit feiner 3iille bon fdjattenft,enbenbcn !Bäumen, feinen !Jla• fenfTädien, feinen mit !Berftänbng außgeroäfJitcn unb gefd)icft gruppierten aa!JI• reidjen 6träud)ern. Wn be~ @de ber College Avcntte angeTangt, er.briefen tnir,

ttnfer G:oneoe, n,fe ell ~eute 1ft.

g[eidjfam alß oortfevung be.ß !ßarfß, in @eftart eines rangen SDreieds, bas gier burd) bie !Bereinigung 31ueier ®trauen entftefJt, einen mit ®traucIJloerf umge, benen 9tafen, bcn mir llcr ffiirforge ller ®tobt l.lerllanfen. filler aI,er gerabe am Arbor Day fJier anfäme, ller 1oürllc llie @efd)äitigfeit unferer ®diiiler I,cmun• llcrn, llie iibcraII baß s:!au{J 311fan1111enfJarfen oller unter Wnlcitung SDr. f::tt/3 neue

311f~cltat1ua~nu110.

@5träudier unll junge !Bäume m1Pifan3en. · ID?it 9ladJllrucf fei e/3 gefagt : o(Jne if)n, dfine SDr. -Dtt, märc unfer !ßarf nicIJt, lt1as er iefJt tatfädiiicIJ ift: ber fd)önfte !ßunft in einer fdJönen ®tobt. fillenn mir non bem l)ödiftcn ®tocftoerf 1111fercs fillo(Jngeoäulle/3 in ben ®ommermonatc!t ben !Blid iiI,er bic ®tobt fdJloeifen laffen, bann miII es uns faft fdieinen, alß I,efönben mir uns in einem fillaflle -

ttnfcr <roUcgc, 111ie c6 ~eute ift.

fo feIJr· tüIJmen fidJ mit 81edJt bic l!Batertottmcr if)res !8aumfdJmudes in faft allen ®tranen, ben fo rcidJ unb fdiön faum eine 31Ueite ®tabt in unferem <Staate auf• 3uroeifen riat. Unb tuenn roir unferen l,ßatf burdJfdJreitcn unb öftlicfJ bon ben Wnftartsgcoäuben uns au ber ®teile flegcben, 11:lo afä an bem IJödJften l,ßunft ber l!Bafferturm fidJ ct!Jeflt, bann bietet fidJ bem ~(uge, oliden 11:lit gen IDften, ein 2anbfdJaftsfJilb, bem bie beroa!beten .\7ö{Jen einen eigenartigen an stf)ütingen er• inncrnbcn mei3 oedeiocn, unb bas bod) in ber Umgebung ber ®tabt nidJtß ®e!• tenes ift. Unten afler au unferen Biinen fficnt ber mocf. l!Bie mandJe liebe @r• inner1111g, nid1t flfon an ben Sport bes ®dJiittfdJufJlaufcns unb ®cf)ltlimmens, ruft er in uns IUadJ, murmcfnb 311:Jar aber nidJts IJerratenb. · Sinnissippi nann• ten iIJn bic ~nbianer, unb fo riicn audJ cinft bie einem ffeinen l,ßatfc gleid)enb" ~nfeI, bie er IJier 11mfi1iirt: in mäd1~igem !Bogen roinbet ,er fidJ burdJ bie gan3e <Stallt. l!Bcr blJtdJ bie ®traüen l>er ®tobt geTJt, bem fällt 11:lof)I über• all Me 1111gcttJÖfJniid1e ®auoerfeit auf tmb bie <Sorgfalt, mit l>er fcfflft l>er ffei11c ID1a1111 fein !nafcnficddJen unb ·@fürtd)en inftanl> fJält : 11irge11bß I1afflllcrfaIIc11e ~öufer u11b jene mertuafJrlofung, 1uie fic fteilen• tucife l>a~ @cfamtfliib fc16ft fd1öner ®täbtc uniicojam ftört. 60 fef)r TJat fid) l!BotertlJ\Un i11 l>c11 le(ltcn 15 ~ariren 1Jcrfd1önert, baü bia ®tabt faum 11:liebcr• crfc1111c11 rniirl>c, tuer feit einer 1ueit311riicfiicge11ben 6dJiifrr3cit 311m erjtcn ID?a1c 11adJ fiicr ~11riirffcfJrt. SDic tuiditigeren ®trauen finb aUefamt gepf(aftert, unl> foft ii(1crn l( fJouc11 l>ie friifJer aus angenagelten !Brettern f)crgefterrten !Bürger, iteige on l>c11 <Seiten bcn folil>ercn unb llomefJmeren .8ementpiattcn l,ßfolJ madJen miifim. ~as S'l'anolifationsftJftcm iit eflenfo 11:lic bie !BeieudJtungsanfooc bot• treffiidJ. 1111b i:>rci stiefflrmmen bon je JOOO ~uü entflammt bas in bie .\)äufcr oe• leitete Zrinftuafier. 9foflen bem Ifcineren maiml'Jof an bem fü:e113ungspunft (Watertown Junction) ber Chicago and Northwestern- 1111b ber Chicago, Milwaukec and St. Paul • @;ifenoafJn fJat iebc l>iefer !Baf)nen iTJren befonberen ~ofJnfJof. SDie @;i111uofJner3ofJI beträgt 9250, unl> 1uie groü ber !l3ro3entfalJ l::er l>e11tfdic11 meuöffcrung ift, geljt fcfJon aus bem Umftanl>e f)erbor, ·ban bie ®tabt neben fii nf anbeten beutfdJen fürdicn bier gröüerc beutfdJ • fut'Qerifdie @cmein• ben 3öfJit, t1011 l>enen brei 3ur @5t)nobaifonferen3 gef)örcn. SDie eine, bie unfrige, mit iT1re11 5M jtimmiierecfitigten ID1itgiiebem ift aur .Seit bie grönte l>er 362 @e• meinl>c11 ber l!Bisconfinft)nobe. ~mes in aIIcm: 11:lir f)a6en bieIIeicf)t rieute 1ue• niger @runb als jemals, es an oebauern, baü bie @rfü1ticr 1mferer ®cf)ufe ficq 6ei ber Drt!lluafJI fiir l!Batertoltln entfcf)ieben. ~nbeffen, 11:lie crfreuiidJ bies unb anberes, bas ljerborgef)ooen ttJuri:>e, fein mag, es ift bodJ bon untergeorbneter !Bebeuhmg, mcnn 11:lir auf bcn ~ern bcr ®ad)e reficn: auf ben ([f)arafter ber ®diure fommt CS an. SDer aber ift im 11:Jefeni• Iicf)en fJeute berfeloe 1uie eljebem. ,8unädJft 1mb bot allem: unfer <[o[lcge ift eine cf)riftlidJe, treufutricrifcf)e &nflart. l!Bic 11:lir an jcl>em ID'l'orgen mit einem @ot~ teßroort, einem @euet unb einem 5:!iel>c 1mfcr stagelucrf Iieginncn, fo ftef)t auaJ im ID1ittefpunft bes gan3en llnterridJ!!loetrieucs ber ~err tmb fein l!Bort. l!Bas

ttnfcr <iollcnc, wie cl! f1c11tc ift.

unß fef6er Ouelle ber ~raft ift unb unfer ein3iger stroft unb füitftern, baß !lBod bom Streu3, bas foll es auc!J unfern ®c!Jiliern fein. ,811 (rOrifto rooUen tuir fie filIJren, ~fJm tuollen lnir am feine geringen 4?er0Ibe ben !!Beg bereiten, bomit €r in iljnen tuirfe unb fc!Jaffe, tnaß feine !lBeittueißIJeit if)nen 3u geben bermag. SDann 3ieTJen fie einft aus als gläubige crririften, 1mb tu!ls fönnen tuir @röuereß bon einem fagen? !Bor Hinen TJer 3ieIJt eine !illofünfäuie bei stage 1tttb eine ~euerfäuie bei 91ac!Jt, unb auf allen 5:!e_be1iß1uegen ift mit iIJnen ber ffdebe @ol• tes, tueic!Jer I1öf1er ift benn alle !Eernunft.

'Urof. ~r. Dtt'ö ®o~nuno. 'llrof. 'llr. -l)ör111a11n'il ®0~1111119.

~rof. E;cf)llltcr'ß ®o~nuno,

®o fc!Jon bient bie ®c!Jule ber fürcf)e. llnb barum tuirb fie ja bon ber SfünJc unterljarten, baf3 fie ber Sfüd1e, ber ~fusbreitung bes lneidies @ottes bier.e. 4)üir crljaften bieienigen bie nötige !Eorbiibung, bie fic!) bem ®tubium ber Sll)eofogie • tuibmen unb IJernacIJ ais \l3aftoren im füeife unferer ®t)nobe tätig fein tuollcn. !lBir fennen .feinen {Jöf)eren unb TJerrfidJcrcn !Beruf als ben eines \l3rebi11crs bes &bangeiiums, unb inbem tnir baß fagen, tneifen tnir ia bereits unfcrem ~ollege feine ®teUung an. ~ocr freiiidJ: nur bie !Eorbilbung empfangen bie fünftigen stljeoiogiebefiiffenen TJier. &s ift eine irrige ~fnfidJt, tuenn man meint, unfere

Unfer

~o.treac, tule

cl. 6eute 1ft.

80 .

<ad)ufe fei ein steil l>er tI)eoiogifd)en ijad)fdjule, llie llodJ für llie meiften e,rft. m . unferem ®cminar beginnt, tuo llie ~rofefforen ®d)aller, ~öIJier unl> lj3ieve.r i!Jre 2el1rer fi11l>. !mir. finl> nur ein @tnnnafium, ein fcl)lidites @:ollege, eine ~raie• I1u11gs,, fei11e, 3'ad)id1ule.. !.!Benn ro.ir b.ei ller allgemeinen !8iillung, llie tuir. uer• mitteln mollen, nad1 l>er !.!Beife eines I1umaniftifd1en @t)mnafiums ein ~auptgc, tuidJt' a11f l>ie olttn· ®~rac{jen· Iege.n, . 11atürJidJ1mit· gep.üiiren~er; !8e.r.ikffidttio11ng l>er @.ef!fJid1te,. l>e.r:: beil>en ill?utterfP.radJ~n: unl> anllerer oäd)cr, fo gefd)le.~t: l>a~ nid1t nm,. meil: l>as nad) unferem SDnfür,I1aiten überI1a1,1pt· llie bejte allge.m~ine 1 !Bill> ung ift, fonllern 011d1 l)·e.fü1am, mciI: tuit-- in, fo. groner. .8aIJI fold)e uÖ_r· iin!3 Tiaben, llic fµ öter: 5tlJeoJogic ftullieren. ro.oil~n :· für fie ift !lies, cntfd)ic~~n:. llic red1te !Borbifl>uttg: . . •. @:ihe a 11 f.e H i.o e• !8iil>unrrfami·apci nid)t geooten,tuerhe11,_tue.1Jn mqnJm• rcifen,.~naf1e111 1111!> ~.ii1111Iil1gcn l>ie·!.!BaIJl. llcr ~ätl)e.r· (cp.urses)-übc_rJifüt: .,@emcin• Tiin 1uöT11'.c11 fie fcmcftermeife 3 oller 4 Unterrid1tsgegenftänl>e, .miHcne.fi fi~ HifJ-oc• fcf)äftioen 1u.0Tlen;_1111!>-allc_rl>ings möoen. jic l>arin; lla llief~m· Unte.1<i:i# iTJre gan0e·,8cit 11·cT1ört, @iites reiften, aTi'er eben tJUt llarin :- eine gemfffe, ~infeitigfeit, 1111b iun~ SSanb in 4;,anl> mit, ilJr geot, eine fraffe UntuiffenTiei.t auf· anllc_re.n.tuidJ• tigen. ~i[icnBgcbicten, ift, hie 1111ausbieiolidJe ~ofge. SDas lnilbungsibcal: ijt, luic Sie OfofcI)id1tc 3e,igt, 1ua11~emar, unb audJ in SDeutfcf)fanll ift neben l>en• IJu• manifl ifcf1c11 ~eI1r~Icint ein. anberec getreten, l>er l>ie arten ®1Jrad1en 3uiiidtr~e11 löilt 1111!> jicIJ t1on einer griinl>Cid'Jen-.filcnnthis meIJr.erer 11_1oll·e_rner. ®prad)en unll eineni•on,BgrbeI111tc11 lh1terrid'Jt.in l>en matr1ematifd1en: unl> naturtuiHcnfdJaftiidJcn 6füf1em. ein gleid1 gutes ~rgeb11iB1Jcrfj.Jrid1t. &ber mcr fid'J, filt: ~dB @t)tf!nafi.11111 ober boB 91calgt1mnnfium•refp. bie-9ka[fd111Ie <;ntfdiiel>m r.at, ller llarf. l>od) tJicf)t i1111erf aHi bieicß ma-r,mcnß baß eine oller anllere· ~adJ, nur meir cß ifJ1H>i.clleid)t befonbcrc 9.J?ii[Je (ortet,. Iieifcite Inifen. @in octuiffes W1af3 an filliifen, ~qs ftdj jcber 011cignen. 1111.1t, ift tm:gcfd1ricbc11. llnl> nidit anl>ers, fte[Jt. es bei uns: mir uertuerfen 11ad'J ltiic uor bas meituerbrcitcte elective system 111th, T)arte.n, im @cgcnfa~ ~11 bcn, c1111Iifd1c11 @:oflenes.an l>~m fixed curriculum feit. .\'1'iei:0u fommt•1111fcrc 8meifj.Jracf)igfeit, auf l>.ie fQJon öfters I1i'noemiefe11 IJ:)ur, l>c. Q:B ift fo fef.6ftt1erftö11bfidJ, llaf3 mir uns f~ft' fd'Jönien, es ausllrüdficfi 311 ia• gen : 311 brau,d1uarc11· 1111!> brauen !.!3iir(lcrn unfer.e!l IwrrfidJcn, gefennekn, ~anlles 11:lo!Icn 1uit 1111fcre ®dJiilcr cr3icI1en. @rfii!Icn tno!Ien tuir fie mit I1cinci: ~icbc 311 l>c11 iibcr Ümen tueiienllcn ®tcrncn unll ®treifc11; unter llercn- mödJtioem· 15cf)t11J fic alle l>ic il1nen bon @oft· berfief1e11cn @aoen 1111b füäfte frei unl> unb!!IJi,i°llert, in 1ucid1er ~ebcn!.lftcTlung a11cf) immer, entfalten l>iirfen. ~n ftol3er ß=reulle jot: ein jel>er uon iljnen mit l>en !!Boden unferes grönten !Jlcl>ners jubeln fönnc11: Thank God, I - I also - am an American ! SDamit fic cinft in l>cr ~age finll, feThftönbig ®tc!Iunn 311 neI1men 3u ben grof3en IT;ranen, llie gerallc l>ie 9fotion bel)Jcgcn. ob öfo11C1mifd'Jcr oller i10Iitifd1er Wrt, lt1erben fie fo griinbfid)"tuie mög, Iid1 in llcr amerifanifd1en @efd)iditc imtern,iefen, 1111b abaefeljen uon llcm bor• trefflid1en eng[ifd)cn ~acf)unterricf)t, luirll a11cf) in 3aI1Ireid)en anl>eren ®tunl>en, 3. ·IB. im matricmatifdJen unl> naturtuiffenfdjaftiid'Jen Unterrid)t, nur engiifdJ. ge•

ttnfcr G:olle11c, 111le cll IJcntc 1ft. .

[prod}cn. !mir tuoIIcn in bie[er .\7infid1t aud} T1inter einem rein eng(i[dJen Cfollcgc nid}t auriidfteT1cn. · 21Ucin bi~ gleid}en !Jkd}tc 1uic bi~ cnglifdie gcniei3t bic bcutfc!Je ®pradJc. 9HcIJt nur finb ba bic 4 biß 6 tuöd1cntlic!Jc11 beutfc!Jcn ®tunbcn, benen ba.B .\.!t)on'fd}e

'Urof. !8ollc'il !!!0~11u11g, 'Urof. t,ut~'il lll!o~11u110. qlrof. ,Ocnlcl'il ®oqnuno.

'l!rof. Stu~lotu'i llll• ~nuno. \ lrof. &ranl'il llll•~mmo. emuq llllot111u110.

EganbliudJ unb bas Si)ö6cI11'fd1c 5:!cjeliudJ 3u @rnnbe gclcot unb in benen bie tuic!Jtigftcn SU~ffifer nclcfcn unb T1äufioc fd1riftricI1c ~Ctlieitcn geforbcrt werben, fonbcrn es tuirb aud} bcr ocjamte artfprad)lid}c U11tcrricI1t. 0011 anbercn Si)iß3i• pTincn augcfcTJcn, in bcut[cI1cr ®pradJc crtcirt. ~rciiid} es gilit I1cutc fiir ben

Unfer <ioUcse, iuie eo 6eute ift.

Qetrer bes SOeutfcf)en, ltlie fcf)on gefagt, Scf)tuietigfeiten, tt>ie man fie ~ilfJer nidJt fannte. ,,S!)enn füt jebes beutfcf) • am~tifanifd)e Rinb, aud} füt baß gebilbetet @Itern, bebeutet bie bolle @tlernung uttb !8elJettfd)ung bet beutfdJen Sptad}e ein Stubium, um fo mef)t, ltleil ficf) baß @nglifci)e, alß UmgangsfptadJe, mit fei• nen ~biomen immer roieber geroaltfam unb betmittenb ins Sptacf)gefüf)l brängt." mlaß fo(l man a6et etft fagen, tuenn bei} !neueintretenben bie elemen• tatfte ~enntniß bet beutfd)en @rammatif fe!Jlt unb menn fie aud) fpäter foltlo(Jl im @ItetnlJaufe roie im Umgange mit ilJren @enoifen fidJ nur ber englifd)~n Spra• dJc bel'lienen '? 2(6er tuir wären ja feine SDeutfd)e, ltlenn mir uns llaburdJ fdjtecfen lienen. 2Us bie 2c!Jrct 1897 unfete Gtollegefatben roälJlten, gaben fie bet .Su• fammcnftellung SdJmat3 • !not, ltleil fie nod) nidJt ooqufommen fd)ien, ben !Bor• 3ug, unb fµätet !Jat einer unfcret !ßaftoren biefer .Sufammenfte(lung llie finnoorfe SOeutung gegeben: ®d)ltlat3 ift bie etfte fiatbe ber lleutfdjen, !llot llie etfte ijat6e ller amerifanijdJen fialJne: tuir gaben ein beutfdJ • englifdJes Gto(legel SOeutfdJe IDlänner 1uaren llie @rünller; beutfcf) maren · faft a(le feine \Urojeifoten; gan3e Scf)aren llcutfdier \l3aftoren, beutfdJet Sd)u(lelJtet l:letllanfcn. i(Jm i(Jte 2lusbil• bung; bc11tfdJ finll 3umeift nodJ llie @emeinllen, benen fie ptelligen, beutfdJ•eng• IifdJ llie 8 c!Julcn, in llenen fie untettidJten; aus ller lieben alten s:!ut11erbibel, lleren S µrndJe 1Uie feine anbete fmgt unb flingt, f)olen fie fidJ Stätfung unll 5trojt, 1111ll llc11tfdJe ID?änner tuaren es, llie unfere fernigcn ~irdJenlieber llidJtete1t bie Sonntag für ®onntag aum !ßreiie @ottes erflingen. @ott gebe, baf3 es nocf) lange fo bleibt ! SDenn 1Uir finll a(lerllingi; bei; @lauben:ß, llai3 es feine beifeteu, treueren ~I 111erifaner gibt, als llie lleutfd)en IDfönncr unll 3rauen, llie i(Jte fdJilt• aenlle ~ anll !Jalten ü6et llas uon llen !Uätcrn überfommene teure lleutfd)e &tbe. ~alt>olJI : 111011 lJat fie aud) in aunerfirdJlidJen lleutfdJen ~reifen ort über llie ~ldJ· feI angejefJen, l>ie „fü tdJenl>eutjdJen", 1uie man fie au nennen liebte, aber tuet ller mla(JrlJcit llie @!Jre gibt, mui3 jagen: inbem fie ilJrcr lieben lut(Jerijd)en .fürdJe bienten unl> lla fein Opfer fdJeuten unll uor feiner llJliilJe 6UrüdfdJrecften, lJaben iie auglcidJ unerme[3lidJ l>a3u beigetragen, ilaf3 llie lleutfdJe SpracfJe unll mit i(Jr lleutfdJc S innei;art unl> llas l>cutfd)e ,©era nodJ eine Stätte lJaben in llicfcm 2lbenl>lanlle. 21udJ unfer ~o(lcge, tuir lliirfen es o(Jne Ueber(Jebung fagen, !Jot nadj lliefer !JtidJtung ()in llas Seinige getan, unl> roiellet weifen mir il)m llamit · · feine Steilung an. SOer l>ies niellerfdJrieb, fonnte nur mitIDl'iiIJe feine@ebanfen bannen; l>cnn im• mer tuicl>cr fdJtuciiten jic ins )lleitc, immer mieller fudJte feine Seele ba!l ~anb, bM liebe alte IJerrlidJc l>eutfd)c materlanll, lleifen ,©ellle!JfÖlJne, einig ltlie nodJ nie, eben ielJt (Jinausge3ogen finll, um llie mit !Uarbaren .unll ,©albbarbaren oer• btüberten IDliUionen(Jecre !Jafierfüllter ßcinl>c non .bes 91eidJes ~rcna~ ab3u• ltlel)ren. lllielJe llenen, llie lliefen fd)recflid)ftcn aller ~riege ftet?.entlidJ !Jetau•~ befd)moren f)abenl Unfere !Brüller aber in ller ßerne geben Ieud)tenllen ~ntlilJeß @ut unl> !Blut lla(Jin unl> fingen: @in fefte !Uurg ift unfer @ott I Unll roei• nenbe SOa(Jeimgcbliebene, greife IDlütter unll Iorgenlle @attinnen, nidjt minl>e: tapfer als fie, antmotten: @ine gute mle!Jr unll llliaffe I

•

·02

•

Unfcr 6oUcsc, ivie 1 ell ~cutc ' ift.

Unb1roirV !ffiir fönnen ja nidJt a1ti>ei;ß, lUir müfien baran •be1tfen, baü @ott 'bieß ·.stanb unferer mäter auni @efääe feiner &IJre erfor, 'aiß er 'burdJ ben -beili• ·ta,cften ber i)eutfd)en, burd) ben grö[3ten s::!e[Jrer be·r -~ irc(je Icit ber ~pojteI :itage, burd) IDla'rtin ~ut[Jer unß tuieberbrad)tc baß füüe· &uan11cliitm. Unb ;fo uiclc~ anbete; baß unß fo tedjt bon ~er3en Iieb ift, lUOIJer fommt eß, 1uenil ;nid}t auß SDe'ittfd)Ianb V SDie bort bluten, bluten aui:IJ für :mü3. ~her ber ~ütcr ~ßrat!Iß fdJläft no'dJ fd)lummert nidjt. &r fann ·r,elfen,· roirb fJelfe11 ..'3u feiner •.Seit unb 311 aller ~eil. · illie bie @efd)id.)te ber &in3elnen !Jält er bie ber ·mölfer in fei,1er •~arib, ·unb :audJ eine 'bie [Jrilbe &tbe •unb aUe !!Reere· beIJerrfcfyenbe 5ttJrannin i[t, roenn' (k(Jernieberfä[jrt, ein ·9lidJtß. .Su-~){jm,< bem ®dJ!adJtenlenfer, fle!Jett'•IIJir, ·fleljcn ·unfere stinber: .,®d.)lic[3 au bie ~at)lmcrpforten .1mb :Ia[3 .an ·aum Drten ·auf fo .niel !8lutnergie[3en l>ie o-riebcnßftrömc flieüen l". · , !ffiie einft auf bie iunoe @rünilung ber IDürgcrfricg mit feinen , ~olocn, :1u :mirft ·ie!Jt ber SDeutfd)e"stricg auf unfcr golbcncß ~ubiläum=feine ®dJattcn. -~cnn wir fd.)iden uns -an, im fommcnbcn ~uni Ne 50iä1Jrigc 1!ffiieilerfel1r bcß :it'<lgeß au feiern, ba ·unjer-(fo(lcge eröffnct':tuurbe. SDie 8tJnobe !Jat •ein ~omitcc erlldtmt, baß mit ber ~eraußgabe bcr @ejdJidJte ilcr &njtalt betraut tuurl>c, 1111~ baß ·bic morbereih1noen •für bie mit ·ber bießjälJrigen ·®tJ110baluer[am111l11110 .1!Jer• 1 • 011nbenen fieier, treffen jolI. ~ß je!Jt fidJ 1uic folof 3ujam111cn: •· \l1aftor ~- ~- &bert, mor[i!Jenber, \l1aftor ~- ~lingmann, .®efretär, \ßaftor ~- 3. ~nutIJ, ®dJa!Jmei[tcr, . l,ßaftor-~mil ®.dJul3, l,ßrof.-SDr. ~--~- Dtt, . ~err 3riebridJ @amm, s::!e[Jrer .@. @rotl), , 2efJrer ~ - ~- ;)ägcr, \ßaftor ~(. l.:i. !!Jenl>Ier, \ßaftor \ßa~l Stionfa.

••

';t

!ffienn bieß fd)IidJic !ßüdiiein ·au SDir fommt, liebes IutrJetifdJeß · @enreirtbe• glich, ·bann •uringt eß SDir einen @ru[3, einen ·r,er3{idien ,@ruü ·uon unjerem l.:ioliege. 9Hditiocr TJie[3e eß: Uon bei n e m l.:ioUegc. SDe1t11 jo• jiiUft bu •cß auffajfen: eß' ift bei n l.:ioTlcoe, für meidJcs bu'forgft uitb ctrbciteit,·für bcis audJ 1>u beinc @aric baroeorcid)t IJaft unb roeiter baroringen tuiIIft.' ·~ß· ift jüft · i:, eht trollege, bein 1.:iolleoe· aud) beßl)oTb, · luei!·ibu bcitte 'S'finber, "ltlemt bu irocnbtuic IDfüter l)aft, · il)nen eine !JöTJcre' !8ilbung a,ngebeiIJen au folf en, 'bie ''iioc·r ' bie ' oe• ll>Öl)niid)e @em'einbefd)uie l)inausroeift, niQJt i'IJ eine anbere ·r.,öIJcre•'f5d)t1Tc, 'ion• llern au uris, nadJ !ffidtettoron, in b ein l.:iolieoe ·jdJicfen jolifeft. @liefJ, 1uc)m •aUe unfere !JR'itdJriften· fo bäd)ten: eß ift m c i n l.:iolleoe, ba,m tuäre' inijere CSdjüier• fd)aft, bic im ·~aTJre 1908-09 · mit '283' ®d)ü{ern iTJrdiödiftc ·,8aijT' errcidJt ·l)°l1t, 1>iei grö[3er: !ffiie maTJnt bodf 2utIJer bie ~ltern, iTJrc fürlber audJ 1in•eitte I:röf)'eie ®djufe au fenben ! ~r l)äit cß' fiir eine•töridite 3rage: ,,~a; •fuds'follen:·bie ~dju•

Unfer O:oUcgc, wie cB f)eute ift.

,.u

Unf,r ([oUeec, u,ic cll ~cutc ift.

Ien, fo man nid}t foII geiftiidJ 1Uerl>en '?" @!l mar 1524, llor feiner ~eirat, als et fo fd}rieli, alier er fügt ljinau : ,,!illenn idJ ~inl>er I1ättc unl> llermödJt'ß, fie miifJ• te11 mir nid}t allei11e l>ie ®µrad}en u11l> ~iftorien ljören, fonl>em audJ fingen unb l>ie IDlufifa mit l>cr ganac11 IDfutIJcmatifa Icrnen." Unl> an einer anl>etl'lt ®tcae ljcif3t es: ,,!illcnn •. .. man l>er <e5d1ule11 unl> ®t,radJen gar 11idJtß llür.ftc um6 l>er ®d}rift unl> @otteß IUiIIcn, fo 1Uärc l>odJ allein l>iefc UrfadJe gnugfam, l>ie allcrlieften ®d}uicn licibc für ~nalien unl> 9.nail>Iein 011 ailen -Drten auf3uridJtcn, l>af3 l>ic !illert aud} iljre11 ltleltlid}en ®tanl> äuf3eriidJ öU IJalte11 l>ocf) Iiei:>arf feiner, gefdjidter IDlänner unl> ~rauen." SDenfc a11 l>as !IDoTJI unl> @elleifJen !>einer ~inl>er I SDenfe l>ar011: eß ift l>ein, mirfiid} l> e i 11 Q:ollege l SDann 1uerl>en ltlir audJ ein miliiges -DfJr Iiei l>ir fi11llen, loenn luir nodJ ein• mal auf einige l>ringen5e !Bel>iirfniffe {Jintueifcn. SDer endowment fund foate 1Jergröf3ert IUerl>en, IUaß fidJ, IUenn alle aufammenarlieiten, Ieidit auf l>ir frii!Jer angel>eutcte !illeife erreidJen läf3t. ~erner reidien l>ie für l>ie !BihliotIJef uni:> i:> en naturltliffenfd}aftrid}en Unterrid}t lieftimmten !lföumlidJfritcn feinefüueos auß !Uud} feTJien einige gröf3ere 2e[Jraimmer 1111b ein 9taum, in IUeldJem llie SUcr1uaf• tungsangelegenljeiten crlel>igt werben fönnen, 11111> auf3crbcm folltcn l>ie ~c!Jr• mittel bermcljrt unl> au llen $rofcfjoren1uoIJ11unocn nodJ einige IJi11311gejiiot 1ucr• l>en. SDie ülierlaftung ber \ßrofcfforen, llon ber an anbcren ®tcllen oc\µrocTJen murl>c, rebet eine fo beutlid}e ®pradJe, baf3 ein lueiterer ~i111ucis 11nb bic ~ cfJI 11u• folgerung ljier niegfalien fötmen. Unb nun fdjlief3en luir. @s ift iilier lliclc, bic fiir bic ~Injtoit gearlieitet o~er an iT.lr gcmirft IJalien, es ift llor allem 311Iett iilier l>ie grone 1Dµfer1Ui1Iigfcit unfcrer @cmcinben mandJ outcß m:lort gejagt \Uor• i'len. SDie SDanfliarfeit Tiat es eingelien. !Ulier luir roiflen fe!Jr IUolJI, fie affr, i'l ie SDaljingcgangenen unl> bic nodJ 2elienben, fie alle miirben ft,redien mit 1lcm \ßfaimiften: 92idJt 1mf\, .~err, nidJt unß, fonl>ern $Deinem 91amen gH, &fire! <Sie alle beugen mit uns anberen in $Demut bie ~niee llor SDem, ber arme, fiinl>igc IDlenfdjenfinber geltlürbigt T1at, IDHtarlieiter an feinem m:i~rfe 311 fein. <5cf1en mir anf unfere IDlängeI unb @eliredJen, ift cß nidJt @iite ~cß ,t\crrn, baü 1uir nidJt gar aus finl>'? @s ift lauter @nabe. @nabe @ottcß tuar eß, bau ein <5tcin auf bcn anbern gefügt werben fonnte, @nabe @ofüs, l>af3 ~er3c11 fidJ tuirrio fanbcn, -Di,fer au liringen. ~nbem ltlir aurücf6Iicfen auf l>ie 50 ~a{Jre, bic 111111 fJintcr uns liegen, auf bie ~öl1en ber 3reube unb auf bie 5!:'.age, ba ber !Säter ~ er3en aacten, - ltlie foliten tuir es nidjt bem greifen @:fJr~foftfiomus naditun 1uollen, . ber audi an bie ~aljre badjte, ba er baß !Brot ber !Uerlianmmg an, alß er in bi~ !illort~ außbradJ,: @ott fei SDanf für alles! !maß alier in golbcnen 5;!cttern iilier bem jßortaI bes erft_en 2eljrgeliäubeß ftanb, bas foII audj 1mfer <5dJiuf3tuort fein :

§;nli irn <ßlnriu !

ll ,t

,1,

'i[ ••

. J, ;

... , ' j 1

®ur

J}lortbllle~tern <!College ~be ~torp of it.s

©rfgtn anb <15ro\Dtl)

mritten at tJ)e reque.st of tbe Jfacultp bp Dr. artbur IPoerm.ann

Cltcan.slatetJ into ®ngli.sb bp lf)an.s 11\oller ~ou.s.sa

~l)fß' bfß'torp, commemorattng tbt jfffttctb ann_tbcrß'arp of ~ortb\Uestern 4tollege, fs bebt~ cateb to itß' llopal jfrfenbs.

1865-1915

The Committec charged by the Synod with thc duty of publishing this History of Northwester n Coll ege, despite the short time allowed for the ta~k. has no excuses to make; we rather feel highly elated that through the kindness of the Faculty of Northwestern College we are enabled to send forth this extraordinar ily fine work, compiled by the Faculty's Secretary and Professor of History, togethcr with an equally fine translation. -The blessings of the Lord go ·w ith it. The Committee ~f the Synod. March, 1915.

CONT ENTS. .... 9 1. The Beginnings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t he nters E te II. Under Preside nt Ernst U nti l th e F irst Gradua . .. 30 .. . . . ... . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. Faculty . . . . .. . . . .. .... . . .. 51 . . . .. . . . .. . III. Northw estern in Recent Years . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. 85 IV. Our College of To-day .... . . . . . . .. . ... .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .

Sprinter and Old Elm&.

~l)t meginningi t11r'HE 14th of September, 1865, is a memorable day in the annals of "1..-, our E vangelical Lutheran Synod of vVisconsin. On this day pastors and parishioners of the Synod gathered at vVatertown to witness the realization of a hope long deferred. Since 1850, when the Wisconsin Synod was founded, there had been a strong desire to possess a seminary and college in a building expressly devoted to that purpose. This desire grew and was urged by the needs of the struggling churchbody. And now, on September 14, 1865, a building was consecrated at vVatertown that was to serve that very purpose. This noble edifice, erected according to thc plans of the Watertown architect Charbaneau, must be wC'l l known to many vVisconsin Lntherans; for three decades, until it was dcstroycd by lightning in 1894, it was a proud landmark of the city of \ ·Va tertown, and in these thirty years professors and students passcd th roug h its portals bent on service that is best de~cribed by recalling th c inspiring inscription above the entrance: "Soli Deo Gloria" -"To God a lone be Glory." The fi rst s peaker in that morning service is-not a stranger to us; it was the R cv. John Bading, but recently gone to his reward, who for many years g uided the fortunes of our Synod as its President. At the time he was pastor of the Waterto,vn church and also served as chairman of t hc governing board of the new institution. In the vigorous manner that was characteristic of him he ga ve expression to tl1.e joy ·that filled all hcarts over the great event. He was succeeded on the speaker's platform by the Rev. E. Moldehnke, Ph. D., who since 1863 had served the Synod as professor of theology. Dr. Moldehnke showed convincingiy how utterly futile all education must be if instruction in religious matters be omitted. Both Dr. Moldelmke and Rev. Bading spoke German, for their audience was German; it was a gathering of plain people-artisans, farmers, laborers-they were all immigrants and most of them had come from Pomerania and Mecklenburg. They had not yet ac<J.uired the use of the prevailing English language and would have understood Iittle of an English address. The editor of a local paper feit quite lost when he came to report the proceedings; everything seemed strange and foreign to him,-"they speak and write in another tongue,'' he wrote. Continuing, he says, that the tliird speaker, who spoke English, onfy had an audience of four " Americans"-two gentlemen, a lady, and a -boy. This is undoubtedly an exag.gera-tion, but it is i-n teresting to note that

Thc Bcginnings

this third speaker, the first president of the college, P rofessor Adam Martin, A. M., addressed his audience in the English lang uage. This was quite natural because he was, though born in Germany, an American by education and had taken· his degrees at H amilton College, N. Y., 1858. After studying theology in Hartwick Seminary, New York, he was ordained by the New York Ministerium of the Lutheran Church in September, 1861. Prior to his toming to \,Vatertown h e was pastor of St. Mark's Lutheran church of Middleburgh, Schoharie Co., N. Y. H e is still remembered by some of the older Watertown citizens as a gentleman of sympathetic manner and winning ways and possessing the gift of pleasing oratory in a high degree. His subject on this occasion was : " T he Col. lege an·d the Man, the College and t he State, the College and the Church." His "able and finished produc'tion," to quotc from our reporting editor, made a deep impression on his hearers and "was the · most instructi ve and admirable address ever ma de before any assembly in \iVat ertown.'' lt has been said before that the new building was not to be used for college-purposes exclusively, but that there was a provision for a scm inary. In fact, the theological semina ry was the real beginni ng of th e institution. As early as 1859 the urgent need of a school in which the synod might train its own pastors was discussed, and in 1862 it was decicled unanimously to establish such an institution immediately. At that time there were 250,000 Germans in the state and of these 160,000 were Prote~tants, which means that they were almost exclusivcly Lutherans. Among these the Methodists and Evangelical Association were working industriously and with marked success. Th ey had quite a free ·hand, because there were not nearly enough Luth eran pastors avai lable to do the work among the Lutherans that their !arge numbers requ ired. Until this time our pastors had come to us from Germany, and we were dependent upon Germany for every single addition to our small band of missionary pioneers. T he Rev. Mueh\haeuser, pastor of Grace Church of Milwaukee and one of the founders of t he synod, was dean of our pastors at that time and had come to us from the " Langenberg Society for Protestant Germans in America." In 1863 the "Evangelical Society for North America" of Berlin sent us Adolph Hoenecke, a pupil of the celebrated Professor Tholuck, who was destined to become in later years the leading dogmatician of our synod. In a similar manner all our forces were recruited. In one case, that of the Rev. H enry Sieker, the synod tried the experiment of s~nding him to Gettysburg Seminary in Pennsylvania to be prepared for the ministry, but it was found that it was too far away to be of practical use as a training school for our ministers. The seminary of the Missouri synod might have been used, but the relations between the two synods were not v ery cordial at that time, and that acted a~ a deterrent.

Thc Bcginnings

In order to carry out the resolution to establish a seminary of its own the synod elected Rev. Bading as their representative and sent him to Germany to solicit ftmds for the erection of a suitable building. In the meantime an actual beginning was made; Dr. Moldehnke, the traveling missionary who had been appointed professor of. theology, moved to Watertown and acted as substitute for Rev. Bading during his absence. He was directed "to begin instruction immedi~tely with whatever students should be present in seminary and college." This was in Septem· ber of 1863. lt is to be noted that the very first plan included a college; it could not weil be otherwise. If a seminary -was desirable, it was imperative to have a school, a college, that would prepare students for the work of thc seminary. There was still another consideration that made a college essential: teachers for parochial schools were fully as scarce as pastors and were needed as much. And finally, many pastors an9 parishioncrs deplored the fact that there was no institution of learning to which t hcy could send their children for higher education under Christian guidance. For all of these reasons a college was decided upon. vV hen the question arose where the new institution was tobe located, thcrc was quite a spirited rivalry between the adherents of Milwaukee and those of Watertown. The Milwaukeeans contended that the school wo11 ld prosper more rapidly in the !arger city and would have at least fifty to sixty students from the very beginning, but the"friends of Watertown called attention to the central location and rural tranquillity of their favorite site, that the wholesome atmosphere of the country town would be preferable to the distracting rush of the commercial metropolis; and besides, "the numerous wealthy congregations of the neighborhood would materially aid the school with their gifts of produce." In the final vote of 1863 there were 19 votes cast for Milwaukee and 45 for Watertown, and that de(initely decided the location of the institution. The school-year opened with three students, they were A. Siegler, Max Gaebler, and August Gamm; the hause ·still known as the Gardner hause on Fourth Street was for the· time bei11g the scene of academic activities upon which rested the welfare of our church. At the close of the year fourteen students had enroiled. The zeal of Dr. Moldehnke, who was the whole faculty, and of his -students can best be appreciated when one considers the amount of ,vork done by them. College an.d seminary courses were given side by side. The five days of scholastic labor began at 7 :30 A. M. and continued with but an hour's int.ermission an e~~ at noon until 5 :30 or 6 :00. Takfog the schedule for Monday ample, we find the work covering 'ti~e ,~idest field: A. M., ~ogmatics, church -history, e?'egesis, ~Germ.an, ge.ometry .(~nd division), Latin (2nd

'as

! .,

T he Begi n ni ng s

division); P. M., New Testament Greek, Libri Symbolici (1st division), · English, Hebrew, Old Testament interpretation, _general history, geograpby, Symbolical Books in German. There were naturally a number of divisions necessary, because the students were not equally far ad. vanced. Some were mere beginners, while .others read Cicero, Horace, Plato, Xenopbon, and Homer. The written work demanded was very beavy considering the vast amount of class work : there were weekly Greek and Latin exercises, German and Latin compositions, and on every Friday evening even a "disputation" on some historical or ethical question; the stude11ts also took turns in providing an oration fo r every week. And tbere was no vacation ! The sixth day of the weck, sacred since time immemorial to tbe spirit of relaxation, in this untiring community was devoted to domestic Iabors. The students found rccreation in doing the housework and preparing the adjoining field ancl garden to furnish them sustenance. Most of them were not blessed with much worldly goods, and the more daring ones were sometimes sent to the neigbboring farmers to gather supplies that helped keep the wolf from the door. As for Dr. Moldehnke, he was the leader, inspirer, and tcacher of bis flock and also attended to his duties as pastor of St. Mark's cl nring tbe absence of Rev. Bading. One of his charges, who hacl been pa rlly prepared for ministerial service in Germany; finished his work uncl cr lhe new order and was ordained. Tbe·first meeting of the governing board composed of s ix mcmbers was beld on the third of May, 1864, and on July 22, a site containing five -acres for the proposed building was purchased from Mr. R ichards. Vlith appropriate ceremony the ground was broken and thc first spade turned on Aug. 10, 1864, and th~ project was under way accompanied by tbe good wisbes of all tbose interested. The cost of building was not·to exceed tbe sum of $10,000. The sum allowed is not very imposing according to tbe standards 6f our day, but if one considers that th e enterprising- builders were but very few, and these not at all blessed w ith an abundance of material means, then one can not refrain from admiring the courage and spirit of sacrifice that animated our fathers and made tbem willing to take grcat hazards in carrying out tbe work of th eir Lord; tbeir love for tbeir Master and His Kingdom gave them the heart to brave tbe un,certain future. The future was uncertain for more reasons than one; tbe country was passing through war times. For three years blood and treasure bad been consumed in the. terrible Civil \i\Tar, and the end was .not in sigbt. Wisconsin and particularly the Lutherans in Wisconsiri were not remiss in their duty to their new fat herland; from many a Lutberaq home fatber, or son, or husband had gone to the front, and into not a few of these homes th'e shadow of death had fallen .f ro~ th.~ I-Jattl_e..cfield. In a-ddition it mi1st. he considered that· the initial

The B _e ginnings

cost of the building was not the only obligation assumed by the founders ; there were the current expenses, the upkeep, and salaries to be considered, and these obligations were assumed in a generous spirit. The salary of $1,000 which was granted Professor Martin can not even be considered trifling in our day, while at the time it represented perhaps twice as much as a like amount would bc considcred to-day. And finally, it must not be ovcrlooked timt the students of that early day werc nearlY. all dependent upon the support of thc synod for thc pursuancc of thcir studies. Thc city of vVatcrtown had redeemed its pledge to raise $2,000 in case t he institution would bc located there, out the greatest expecfations centercd about the results of Rev. Bading's European journey. In later 'years hc was wont to relatc his many experiences. He had been re1 ceived by t he king of Hanover, had preached in the Berlin cathedral, had traverscd R ussia-always pleading the cause of th<, little Lutheran -semi~ nary that was to bc callecl into being in thc distant vVisconsin, whicli must havc s eemccl the end of thc world to most of his hearers. His plan was to rescrve all funds that he had collectcd as an endowment for the professorships, but this plan could not be carried out. Nccessity compelled thc builders to apply all the money from the congregations as well as tha t from Europc to thc first cost. As a result thc total <lebt in the spring of l 866 was .no more than $1,400. · Thc college, with which we arc primarily concerned, was to be a Christia n school, this is seif-evident. I t was not only to offer efficient facilities for training and higher cducation based on Christian principles, but it was also open to any who desired instruction of a higher ordcr tha n t hat offered by the common high school. The founders cxpected that many w ho were not Lutherans would use and help support the college_. A n announcement that appeared in August, 1865, in vVatertown papers, a uthorized by the g overning board, invited "all that were desirous to fit themselves for a higher position in life" to avail themselves of the opportunities offered by the " Lutheran College," as it was then called. "Students are to be given adequate and thorough instruction in all branch es," the announcement continues, "and it is the aim of the founders to make this institution rank with the best in the land. lt rests soJely · with th e citizens of the state whether or not this aim is to be realized soon, its realization will benefit them principally, for it is in their interest that this enterprise is undertaken." English was to be the "leading" la ng uage, but at the same time German was to " receive special attention." and wherever possible both, English and German, were to be used as media o f instruction. lt was the intention to "combine German thoroughncss with American practicalness in all things." The beginnin; was made with two classes, but two additional classes were to be organized as soon as possible to conform to the American college system.

The Beginnings

After Professor Martin reached Watertown, he made the phrase "A firstclass college for Watertown" a popular slogan. At the first synodical meeting he attended, he had occasion to tel1 the members of the synod what his conception of a "first-class college for Watertown" was. The college he had in mind was an institution peculiar to our country, which combined some of the features of the European university with those of the German "gymnasium," but this combination was effected with a view to provide a higher education that would be useful in practical life, as our American conditions demand it. He did not think that the college as it then was organized answered this description; for he continued, "but we must hurry our efforts if we want to insure thc future wclfare of our Luthcran church and want it to survive aftcr thc wavc of immigration has reccded." He cxplained his view that prog ress and expansion for our Luthcran church was abovc all depcndcnt upon thc vigor wjth which educational work was takcn up: by Luthcrans. He said : "College graduatcs arc thc 1pcn who have in0ucnce in state and church, and in our country that dcnomination will connt most and will givc dircction to thc devclopmcnt of national life which has done most in thc training o f cfficient men." lt must not bc thought that hc Uiw. Jluns l{ollcr :\loussn, JclTcrs on, Wls. subordinatcd the truc purposc of the Prcshlcnt or tbc Alumnl Soclcty. collcge to lcss important intercsts, "thc highest and holiest interest of our church in thc possession of its own college," he said, "lies in its need to preparc men for the ministry of the Gospel, men who, unlike the prescnt leaders, should not bc strangcrs in a strange land." The synod res·p ondcd to his appcal in a resolution which declared that "to carry out the mission of Zion in our country such a college was an undeniable necessity." The S)rnod also approved a plan proposed by Professor Martin that provided for the raising of a fund of $100,000, "which was to bc applied without exccption to the endowment of professorships." Where and how was this money to bc raiscd? Anothcr resolution answers this question: "Resolved, to raise this sum in the following manner: 1. To the person contributing $500 to thc fund wc offcr a perpetual and transferable scholarship, that is, such person is granted the perpetual and transferable privilcge to send onc student for instruc-

Thc ~cginnings

tion, the student is to enjoy all the privileges and assume all the duties that are associated with a student paying the regular tuition fees. i. To the person contributing $100 to the fund we offer a single scholarship, that is, the privilege of free instruction for one student for a course of four years under the usual conditions." The amount contributed could be paid in installments extending over five years. Hop~s were en'tertained that many who otherwise would never think of sending their sons to college would be induce~ by these liberal conditions to contribute to the fund. In the "Gemeindeblatt," founded in 1865 as the official organ of thc synod, an article appeared that called attention to the scholarships and showed thc importance of a thorough education. An interesting sidelight on the immigrant Germans and their Jack of ambition to take their merited position in public life is noticed in passing; after showing at length that Christian education in the fear of God and in the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ is the very best gift a father can offer his children, hig her education in general is earnestly recommended to the readers, because it will enable them "tobe just a little more than mere backwoodsmen and obedient servants of their American fellow citizens." In the autumn of 1866 thc Rev. Sieker, who had been appointed solicitor under the new plan, began his task of raising the fund by appealing to members of our congregations, and others. His early successes seemed to assu rc the early achievement of the goal. In a short time Watertown had sig necl $10,000 ancl in March, 1868, subscriptions had reached the total of $64,000. Acti ng on a suggestion of Professor Martin, the board adopted the official designation ''\i\Tisconsin University" for the college, and this name was used in newspaper announcements and documents until it was changed during the negotiations for the charter to the more familiar " Northwestern University"; the change seemed advISable to avoid confusion with the newly founded State university, although the Iatter was quite insignificant at the time. To give a mere coliege the pretentious title of university was quite natural; in our best institutions of the present day the two systems of instruction are used indiscriminately and public opinion is not aware of a difference. If we were to apply · stricter standards · to some of the "universities" of former days, we should find that in most cases they were very .mediocre colleges. The high-sounding name chosen for the school must stand as an expression of the high ideals toward which its first president bent his efforts. President Martin was not at all pleased with the choice of the board as to location; he considered Milwaukee much the better place and much more favorable for the development of his far-reaching plans. He suggested that the college proper be moved to Milwaukee and that Water·town be allowed to retain the preparatory department and the theological

The Begi~nings

seminary. The board authorized him to go to Milwaukee and to try to interest some of the wealthy Milwaukeeans for the change and if possible to induce them "to pledge $25,000 and 'to provide the necessary buildings." He returned to report his mission a total failure, some of the men he spoke to were willing to buy scholarships, but they did not want tne college to be removed from vVatertown. A journey to the East to raise funds for the college proved to be equally fruitless . The charter of the college has b~en mentioned; it was drafted by Martin and was filled with the usual cumbersome legal terminology. At a meeting of the governing board, Sept. 11, 1866, a German translation was incorporated in the minutes with two omissions of passages of the original. The vVatertown attorney Hall examined the dotumcnt, and with the changes he introduced, readmission of the two passagcs previously dropped and omission of the introduction, the legislature granted the petition for a charter on March 21, 1867. The school providecl for under the charter is to be a "college under the patronage of thc Synod of Wisconsin," but it has authority to establish a preparatory school in . connection with it. As a college it is privileged to grant acaclcm ic degrees, but in doing this and in 'the general conduct of its affairs it is not to exclude any one "for his religious views." The board of trustees, which is to be elected by the synod, has almost unlimited powcrs : it appdints the members of the faculty, supervises instrüction, ancl is in every legal respect the responsible representative of the institution. The first board was constituted of the six members of the older board a nc\ in addition the three synodical visitors. The fi rst roster containcd the following names: J. Bading, Philip Koehler, Daniel Kusel, H . S ieker, K. Gausewitz, E. Mayerhoff, G. Vorberg, G. Thiele, K. Kieckhefer. V orberg, pastor of St. Matthew's of Milwaukce, soon left the synod . Of the remaining eight there are still with us two venerable octogcna rians, the Rev. Mayerhoff and the Rev. Thiele, a nd all the namcs are weil known to us through the interest for the old cause that their present bearers manifest. The two laymen of this board, Kieckhefer and Kusel, should be remembered and honored particularly, for thcy were by no means less devoted to their duty than their clerical colleagues. Mr. Kusel was subsequently made the first honorary member of the board in recognition of the valuable services he had rendered in his offi.cial capacity as treasurer as weil as for his zeal, manifested at all times. At the time the charter was granted the faculty consisted of four professors, Martin, Hoenecke, Kaltenbrunn, and Thompson, and the enrollment had reached 68, of which number on.ly six or eight were being prepared for the seminary, two of these were Erdmann Pankow and Otto Hoyer. At this time there was no thought of a college dass proper, all the students were enrolled in the preparatory department, then styled

The Beginnings

academy, which was organized on the basis of a three years' course and was also open to girls. A !arge mtmber of branches were taught in this department according to a contemporary announcement, the list of preparatory studies even included French and trigonometry, and it was left to the individual student to make his own selection for his course. One of the features emphasized in particular was the splendid opportunity offered ·to acquire the knowledge of the German language. Moldehnke, professor of theology, was instructor in the preparatory department at the same time; in fact there were months when he and Martin divided all the labors of instruction between them. In the summer of 1866, however, he decided to return to Germany and resigned his professorship; in Germany he was installed as pastor in the parish of Johannisburg on the Polish frontier. In a very cordial letter of recommendation which the college board gav~ him, his "self-sacrificing industry and zeal in establishing and raising the standard of the institution and in training the students of the seminary · and preparatory department" were heartily acknowledged. Moldehnke's successor was Adolf Hoenecke, pastor of Farmington, · who had on occasion substituted for him. He was officially designated as inspcctor; it is the first time this ominous title intrudes in the history of th e school. As inspector the new professor and his family lived in the new building, and as head of the hause he was invested with "supreme authority" over the resident students. He was to "enforce the necessary disciplinc and order and was authorized to inflict such penalties as scemed advisable; in extreme cases he could remove students from the dormitory until their case could be taken up by the board." He worked in thc preparatory department until the end of his first year ('66'-'67) and was then relieved of this duty upon his own request. The plot of groun<l fronting the college building had hitherto been used as plowland, but upon the inspector's request he was allowed to use it as he saw fit. He soon transformed it into a remarkably beautiful garden; his fondness for horticulture as a recreation had made an expert of him, and he developed a new rose that bore his name and made the "college rosegarden" the goal of many a pilgrimage. Together with Hoenecke the Rev. Lewis 0 . Thompson, the newly appointed professor of Latin and history, commenced his labors. He was the successor of Seemann, who had only served two terms (from January, 1866, until the end of the school year). Thompson's academic training was not at all bad, he had taken his degree at Beloit college with honors, and after finishing the theological course of Union Seminary of New York had returned to Beloit to deliver the Master's oration at commencement, which was considered a distinctive honor. His stay at Watertown, however, was limited to one year.

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At the oeginning of the second term of the first school year the board had succeeded in securing a . teacher for the lower classes, Mr. John Kaltenbrunn. He had conducted a private school in Watertown previously, and bis success there testified to his fitness. He was made principal of the academy and served the institution in this capacity until 1872. To fill the vacancy created by the withdrawal of Professor Hoenecke from the academy Dr. Theodor Mettmann, pastor at Platteville, was induced to accept a call to Watertown. The school had been very fortunate to enjoy the services of men like Hoenetke and Moldehnke, men of excellent training representing the thoroughness of German scholarship in university and "gymnasium." When thesc men took charge of a class, they knew how to go to work, and their aims were pursued with unremitting devotion and with seasoned ability; they were scholars and they knew what was needed to mäke scholars. Unfortunately they had been hampered in their work by the mäny unavoidable secondary occupations that were forced upon them by circumstances. Now a man of equally promising attainments was to have a free band to devote all his energy to the work for which he was best prepared, the instruction of classic languages. Advanced students were not ready when Dr. Meumann arrived, but in bis second year of service the first college class, incl uding Pankow and Hoyer previously mentioned, could bc introduced into the schedule. One of the rules of those days enjoined capable students that wished to become preachers to take English fa the academy for at least onc fourth of a year, so that they be enabled to attend the classcs in ancient languages that were given in the college. From this we must conclude that translations in the college wcre done into English. In 'GS-'G9 there were 73 day scholars in a total of 95, and most of these were of E nglish or lrish extraction and camc from Watertown and its immediate surroundings. This acco~nts for the manner in which German was taught, where it was chosen as a study; the medium of instruction here as in the classic languages was English. But things were soon to changc. A resolution of the board early in '69 dcmanded that at least one hour a day of German instruction was tobe introduced into the academy, this shows the trend of affairs. At the same time teachers were authorize<l to translate Latin and Greek classics into German during one term or the other of each year. In outlining the policy for the ensuing year of '69-'70 the board instituted the following changes: 1. The study of German is to be obligatory for all students of the academy; only those whose parents apply in writing will be excused. 2. Students that fail to do the prescribed work in German will not be admitted to the college. 3. Students that have finished the prescribed work in all branches ex-

The Beginnings

cepting German may be allowed to continue their college work provided they take up German in the acadcmy until they have reached the standard in German set for their class. 4. For students that are preparing themselves for the min/stry the faculty will prescribe the course of studies.-These rule~ show a decided readjustment in many respects. lt is plain that henceforth German is to supplant English as the class-room language in the study of the classics. As far as the synod was concerned the most important group of students were those preparing for the ministry, and they were now to be more closely guided by the cancellation of the privilege of optional selection of courses. lt is quite evident that the college was to serve the seminary directly far more faithfully than before, and the principal aim, which was to provide German preachers for German congregations, was c!early brought nearer.

These incisive changes are partly accounted for by the pressure brought to bear in the new direction by Pr. Meumann, but a very decided influence that was scarcely less responsible for the new departure must be sought in the synod itself. The synod had just passed through a period of indecision and bad emerged with firm resolution, which brought in its wake the severing of some old associations and resulted in a stronger synodical consciousness, which was reflected in its attitude toward its college and seminary.

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The German missionary societies which had been instrumental in establishing the synod by sending efficient laborers to the American field and by assisting financially in launching the college must be given unstinted praise for their inestimable help; it is not too much to say that they had made the synod what it was. But though they were Lutheran societies, they were technically the product of the unionized German state church, and for this reason they were frowned upon by some of the more aggressive Lutherans · of America, and the \i\Tisconsin synod itself was suspected of harboring sentiments tltat were tainted by an undue favoritism of the union idea. Positive Lutheran confessional utterances of the synod were severely criticised and counted for naug ht, and not infrequenlly it was stigmatized as un-Lutheran. Thc mcmbers of the synod suffered under these accu-sations, but could not be induced to e~ter into controversies. They were conscious of the fact that they had never refused to testify individually to their Lutheranism and had always wanted to be known as Lutherans. But it is true that u nti l 1867 they had never publicly declared themselves opposed to unionistic practices in doctrine and organization as a body. Their reluctance to take this step is not difficult to understand: they feit bound to their true friends in Europe by ties of gratitude and did not want to wound their feelings by such a declaration unless it became absolutely necessary. But at last the declaration was made, and with it came t hc break with the old associates who had so often extended the helping hand. T he direct cause seems to have been the movement among American synods to seek a closer union of the different Lutheran bodies, but a con tributing cause was a change of policy that had been inaugurated in Germany. In Hanover the Prussian government had dismissed fa ithful Lutheran pastors, and the fear was feit that this extreme practice would lead to enforced unionism in other quarters. These conditions induced the synod to declare its position unequivocally in 1867. T he statement was quite moderate in its terms, and the loyalty to old friends fo und expression in the painstaking avoidance of all harshness; the hope was even expressed that the German societies would continue in their friendly attitude toward their American friends and would assist protesting Lutheran pastors of the Prussian state church to find service in the American Lutheran church to their mutual advantage. But the Berlin society elected to view matters in a different light. They deplored their own lack of ability "to discern the spirits" and formally severed all connection with the synod in their " Farewell to the Wisconsin Synod." This action cut off existing relations with the Fatherland at once as far as co-operation was concerned. lt may be imagined that a memorial of '68 addressed to the Supreme Church Council of Prussia asking for the

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interest that was due on a general collection tliat had been taken up in Prussia for our seminary was quietly pigeonholed. On the other hand, cordial relations with the :Missouri synod were cultivated and were approaching .t he state of decided friendship. Immediately the question arose if it were not possible to combine the educational institutions of the two synods and in that way enhance the powers of both for the great common cause. The project conceived a seminary (that of the Missouri synod of St. Louis ·was had in mind) which would serve us and possibly the Norwegians also and might be enlarged by the addition to the faculty of onc of our professors and of others as its anticipated rapid growth would warrant; it was to be developed to the highest efficicncy and was to offer everything that the "theological departmen t of a German univcrsity" could offer. The vVatertown college was to be utilized in a similar manner by the co-operating bodies, änd their un itcd pati-onage was to insure for it a future of "success and inflnencc as a 'gymnasium'." Rcpresentatives of both synods met and worked out the details of the plan . The synod of Missouri was to appoint a professor for vVatertown aml was to pay his salary, and the vVisconsin synod was to furnish a pro fcssor of theology for St. Louis under similar conditions. Students from cither synod were to be received at both institutions, and there was to bc no cl iffcrcnce madc in the trcatment which they were accorded. This plan was accepled by thc vVisconsin sy nod May 31, 1869, and by the Missouri synod the following September. The changes regarding the system of instrnction that were ordered by the Watertown board were plainly a part of this program; for the board meeting that instituted them was hcld at approximately the same time. The steps taken led toward the attainment of the new objective proposed by the programmakers of the new combination: vVatertown was to be modeled after the German "gymnasium." The change of policy was not at all to the liking of President :Martin. He declared before the board that ''.if a legal case should arise, he would be compelled to testify before a court of justice that if the proposed changes were to be enforced, the college would cease to be what the holders of scholarships had been guaranteed." The board pointed out that the school was to be continued as a "college," that an English professorship was to be maintained, and that all the courses offered by a purely American college were to be retained just as before; there were no just grounds for a charge of bad faith ci:gainst the college authorities. But there is no denying the fact that Martin found the trend of affairs highly uncongenial; his ideals were superseded by others that were not at all of a nature to arouse his enthusiasm. He had hoped to make the school a melting-pot from which the crude Germans were

The Beginnings

to ~merge as finished English-Amcricans, wbile the new plan contemplated the school as a crucible in which the immigrant elements were to be clarified to a form of Americanism that retained the invaluable ingredients of German cultural greatness. But even Martin was forced to admit that the new system would make for greater efficiency, and that, after all, was the main thing.-Martin also ~ound the doctrina l position of the synod to be different from his own. In 1868 the synod rejected every shade of open communion and condemned every form of union service with other denominations . . He objected to this vigorously, contending that "the American Lutheran church was a missionary church and should not hamper the work of its preachers and .cong rega.tions by such restrictions." This caused his resignation from membership in the synod and later brought about his removal from thc presidency of the college in the spring of '69. At this time anothcr professor, Amos Easterday, left the institution after one year's service. In September, 1869, Prof. Martin entered on his duties as professor of the Germa n language and Literature in Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, and laler received the dcgree Doctor of Divinity. \ iVhen he rcsigned t his position in 1898, he moved to New Haven, Conn. He is still halc and hearly for his years. Martin's successor and the second prcsident of the collegc was Lewis 0 . Thompson, the principal teacher of mathematics. T hc place left vacant by Easterday's departure was not fill ed immediately, bccause it was the intention of the board to secure a man whose doctrinal posi tio n would be in harmony with the synod; if he would at the sa me time be of German training, so much the ö etter. lt was also necessary to li ll the vacancy in the inspector's office which was created by the appointment of Professor Hoenecke to the theological professorship at St. Louis. After due deliberation the board elected the Reverend Augustus F. E rnst, of Albany, N. Y., and this proved tobe a very happy choice ; a few months later the ·board congratulated the synod upon its acquisition of this "teaeher who was capable and efficient in every respect." At the beginning of this school year still another valuable aid was added to the teaching force. Professor. W. Stellhorn, the Missouri exchange professor, had assumed his duties and was laboring " with faithful industry and great ability." lt was quite a change that ha d becn brought about in little more than a year, and indicative thereof was the changed complexion of the faculty; there were now three professors o f German antecedents and but one English professor, not counting Kaltenbrunn of the academy. The college also had the services of the Re,~. C. Strasen, pastor of the l~cal church of the Missouri synod, for Germa n instruction in religion, and of the Reverend Adelberg, Bading's successor, for the English instruction in biblical courses. The six seminary students

The Beginnings

departed for St. Louis in March, 1870, but Professor Hoenecke remained and taught some classes because the funds- from which his salary in St. Louis was to be defrayed were nnt found. Eventually he accepted a call to the ministry which was extended by St. Matthew's of Milwaukee (1870). This predominance of German ideas ·was ·not at all apparent in the first catalogue of the school issued by President Thompson. He does write of a combination of German instructional methoJs with the ".A,merkan system," but nowhere does he indicate the true state of affairs; his scheduled outline of courses conforms in every respect to the contemporaqcous American college schcdules. There are three departments, preparatory (3 years), collegiate (4 years), and scientific; graduates received the degree of bachelor of arts, or of science, according to the course taken. Thompson plainly hoped and expected that alongside of the "Gcrman Department," the activities of whieh are shrouded in silence by thc ca talogue, the purely English college would be continued as beforc. He did not concern himself with the "German Department," for which the Gcrman professors were to work out the schedule according to a resolution of the board in the fall of '69. Their work was modeled closely a fter the standard Prussian "gymnasium" with but one exception: "in thc public final examinations at the conclusion of a term students . are to translatc the classical languages at first into German and then from Gcrman into English." Thc synod session of 1870, which in other respects was a very importan t meeting for the college, as we shall see presently; acknowledged the propriety of the parallel German and English instruction in the two divisions. The German Department ("gymnasium"), so reads the statement, is to serve the church exclusively as a training school for the seminary, and the synod must support it by its contributions; the other division, however, must be self-supporting through tuition fees and the interest accruing from the invested scholarship funds. This difference was clearly and distinctly shown for the first time in a memorial submitted to the board in January, 1870, by Professor Ernst. Tlie English Department, as he meant to imply, consisted of an English preparatory department, followed by the regular English college course, according to the agreement made with the holders of scholarships, but the synod seems to have associated different ideas with the expression he used. They merely thought of an English preparatory school, or academy, because at t he time this department was frequented almost exclusively by non-German students that were not preparing for the ministry. There were many that were threatening to do away even with this academy, though this extreme course must be attributed to the deplorable condition of the finances of the institution.

Thc Bcginnings

Speakers at the synodical session compared the college to a sinking ship whiah was only kept afloat by the utmost exertion, and the big leak through which destruction came pouring in was the Jack of financial support. For this condition there were several causes. Dormitory room was greatly ne~ded after the first few years, and accordingly a frame structure was erected and put t9 use in the fall of 1868; at the same time the campus was enlarged by the purchase of an adjacent tract of 30 acres, for which $6,475 was paid. Unforeseen expenditures of this nature are one reason for the ensuing stringency. Another and much more prolific source of difficulties was- the "problem of the troublesome scholarships." • lt will be recalled that from the proceeds of the sale of scholarships an endowment fund was tobe created and that Sieker, the solicitor, had been able to report a subscription of generous size. But subscriptions and cash payments are by no means synonymous. Frequently certificates were returned to the board on which little or nothing had becn paid with the request to cancel th~ obliga"tion. In many other cases t hc purchasers of scholarships were exasperatingly slow in redeeming their pledges. Arguments with the delinquents were often made very cl ifficult by their choice of excuses. In one instance t!Je holder of a pcrpctual scholarship ($500) wished to be relieved of further payments because a congregation was to be established in his neighborhood and he was expected to contribute toward its support. Interest which was duc 011 such unpaid scholarships and which constituted an important so urce of revenue in many instances could not be collected. In the precedi ng half year the sum expected from this source, was no less than $2,900. Enforced coll'ections·did not seem tobe advisable. General affairs had come to such a critical pass in '68 that Rev. Bading was requested to devote all his time to the soliciting of funds and to the collection of interest. Eventually Mr. August Gamm, Sr., who had always been a loyal friend of the college, as also was his brother George, agreed to undertake the unpleasant task. For the following two years he labored with g reat fidelity and devotion, but could not overcome the old deficit, and matters grew worse more rapidly than they could be remedied. Utter failure stared them in the face, and in desperation President Bading all but admitted the collapse when he wrote in the "Gemeindeblatt" jn May, 1870: "The college board will be compelled to ask for its dismissal at the coming synodical session and will hand over the keys of the institution to the synod, but in doing so it will feel obliged to declare timt the undertaking perished because of the heartlessness and indifference of the members of the synod." lt moves one to deep sympathy when he continues: "If this is to be the end and there be no other way out, God grant timt we may find strength to bear our shame and disgrace. Though

Thc Bcginning s

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He chastise us, may the Lord not utterly destroy us." This reveals to us the principal cause,of distress: the failure of J.),arishioners to contribute to the maintenance of the school by voluntary gifts. The few notable exceptions, to whom this severe censure does not apply, could not offset the delinquencies of the great majority. From the very beginning of the college this had been the burden of niany a complaint: If but our pastors and parishes would do their duty ! but it went unheard. The synod was smaller" at that time than now, but even then it was !arge enough to do everything tltat was necessary without bringing a serious sacrifice. lt was pointed out that if every · communicant member of the synod would only contribute fifty cents annu;lly, all troubles would cease, and that was a trifling sum indeed w hen one considers the sacred and splendid purpose that was to be served. And that purpose is as sacred and splendid to-dax as ever it was. Shortly before the session Rev. Ho·ehecke made a final appeal through the columns of the "Gemeindeblatt"; his simple but impressive words have lost none of their force at the present day. "A Lu theran Christian," he writes, "cannot but · delight in institutions that foster the study of the ancient languages and the sciences with Christian purpose and have no other object thart to put all human gifts to service in t he Kingdom of God. A Lutheran Christian must delight in such ins titutions and should hail with joy every opportunity to aid their growth a nd progress, if he values the example and precept of the very Dr. Luth er whose name he ~ears, who was ever concerned tci establish just such schools and always valued knowledge and learning so highly, who· spoke so eloquently of those who had rendered service in foun ding such schools." Hoenecke then quotes several passages from Luther's cclebrated open letter: "To All the City Councilors of Germany, T hat they Establish and Maintain Christian Schools." One of the quotations rcads : "Let US cling to the study of the ancient languages as steadfastly as the Gospel is dear to us, for it is not a trifling matter that God so ordained that the Scriptures were written in the two languages, the Old T estament in the Hebrew and the New in the Greek. Let us realize that we shall not retain the Gospel without the languages. These languages are the sc.abbard which sheathes the sharp blade of the Spirit; they are the setting which holds the precious jewel of the ·ward. Indeed, were ,ve to lose poss~ssion of the ancient languages (which God forbid) we should not only lose the Gospel but we should soon find that •we can neither speak nor write either Latin or German properly."-In conclusion Hoenecke exhort$: "May those of you, who have given liberally in the past, continue to do so! May those of you who have done little for your school now turn to her with willing hands in the hour of her great need ! May those of you who think they are unable to help, pray to the Lord

,, Thc Bcginnings

that He give y0ti wherewith to help ! And may we all fervently pray that our school be not taken from us ! If we but do this honestly and sincerely and in living faith, we shall sec how amazingly simple it is to establish our tottering institution as firmly as a rock, and then we shall rejoice in our God, who has led us to success and achievement." When the synod convened there was an instant and spirited response to the needs of the college. A reduction of the teaching staff for purposes of economy was not seriously considered. The sentiment prevailed that a refusal to assist in making the school better than before was equivalent to a confession of inferiority to the many sectarian bodies that were moving heaven and earth to provide schools ·of learning; thoug h their original views on education were far from being as · clear and dccided as those of our Lutherans. They and the N'orwegian Lutherans were giving hundreds of thousands and we were to be crowded out of the fielä for the Jack of half as many hundreds? Never ! This spirit also helped to save the academy, which was to be sacrificed for economy; it was resolved to continue it as before in justice to the demands of thosc who had secured scholarships on our representations, if for 110 other reason. Heretofore the synod had provided for all the wants of deserving but indigent students that. were preparing for the mini stry ; tuition, board, and even clothing was included in the support they rcccived, and this had been in part responsible for the deficit. This practicc was now modified very materially. The most important step of all was taken, however, in securing adequate means of covering the annual budget. lt was computed that the cost of conducting the institution fo r onc year at that time would be $4,500, and a resolution was adoptccl which pledged the congregations to raise this amount annually by voluntary contributions. All these efforts brought results; a few weeks later the "Gemeindeblatt" was able to report that God in His mercy hacl so moved the hearts of pastors and laymen that the future again seemed assured. Those who had unfalteringly devoted their energies to the welfare of the college when it almost seemed a hopeless cause were cheered to new exertions, and the unanimity with which the synod had declared its resolve to stand by their school was the one encouragement they needed to work harder than ever before. They were enabled to depart from the sessions with the conviction that at last the college had ceased to be a "white elephant." The very next annual report of the synod is evidence of the great change that had come. 'Ne read there of "encouraging progress" and of the· coming of "a new era" for the college. The congregations are heartily thanked for their love and care and the report concludes: "The trustees of the institution have never since its existence been able to make so favorable a report as has been done this year. And now, dear brethren,

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let every one of us be filled with joy for the grace of God that has brought us such rich blessings and let tts thank Hirn with true gratitude. His unmerited kindness and mercy has given back to us our dear school after we had forfeited it, and that should make us eager and willing to devote our energies in the future to its maintenance and prosperity." The reforms had worked out weil. The steward's treasury showed a balance, which was applied to the remaining debt resting on the property, and by applying the $4,000 remaining of the original funds to the same end, the <lebt was reduced to such an extent that the sale of a few building lots was considered sufficient to relieve the institution of all incumbrances. The scholarships were not considered as sources of revenue any morc.. Efforts to make collections on them ha d causecl so much controversy that they were quite properly called a "stumbling block" and werc held responsiblc to a great extcnt for the unsatisfactory freewill offering of some congregations. lt was also thc wish o f the Missouri synod, which had agrccd to rcnder as much assistance as possible, that the scholarships be "dropped! ' Of course, this ga ve ris c to new complications. For example, three English-Americans of \ Vatertown demanded the return of the $500 they had paid in on the g ro und that the school had not lived up to the agreemenls made. l t was rcsolved to settle all cases with thc individual complainants. T hc foll owing was the usual course taken : For all money paid in and for all intcrest paid on outstanding amounts thc college would offer free tuit ion al thc rate of $10 a term, but this privilege :w as not to be transferable. The loss from this quarter was more than offset by the increased returns o f thc regular voluntary contributions from the congregations, as a result the state of financial affairs was healthier than it had ever been and the leaders and founders of the school were at last freed from serious worry. Joy over what had been accomplished gave them confidence and fearlessness to face the future. In December, 1870, Professor Ernst wrole : "We are now a purely synodical institution, which is supported by the church exclusively. And to the glory of God we may say with due modesty that our service for the church is not in vain." The inter.nal development of the school kept pace with the improved condition of its material affairs. In the article appearing in the " Gemeindeblatt" which was just quoted Professor Ernst says: " lt is an undeniable fact that our present institution is of incalculable service to our synod, to our church, indeed, to the German population of the whole Northwest." Just what he understands by the "present institution" is best said in his own words : "Northwestern University embraces three departments: a German-English college ("Obergymnasium") , a GermanEnglish preparatory department ("Untergymnasium"), and an English academy with normal and scicntific courses. The college aims to provide

, I ' ••

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its students with a thorough general education which should enable them to turn to any of the highest scientific professions successfully. In this department stress is laid on the study of the ~ncient languages, for they are the media to convey the most advanced mental discipline; it must not be supposed, however, that the exact sciences such as mathematics and natural science are neglected." lt is evident that ti}e German "gymnasium" of humanistic type had served as model för this American collegc. lt is not an English college, nor is it an English-Germa n college, bu t rather a German-Englis h institution for Americans; in the academy English is still the rule and it has become a separate department and· has ceascd to be merely a preparatory school. At the time Professor Ernst wrote this report he had become the head of the school. In June, 1870, President Thompson )lad resigned the office, and in March, 1871, Professor Ernst was elected as his successor. Thompson remain ed ·another year as professor of mathematics and natural sciences. During the time there was no official head of the collcg e Dr. Meumann and Professor Ernst alternated in the chair at the fa culty meetings.

II.

mnner i9restt:rent <!Srnß't mnttl tl)e jfin,t <15ranuate <!Snterß' tbe jfatultp f1r'UGUS'FUS FREDERIC ERNST, born in 1841, was the son of a ~

distinguished Han~verian clergyman. After graduati01: fro'.n the . . excellent "gymnasium" of Celle he attended the U111vers1ty of Goettingen and had as instructor.s such men of international fame as Saupe, Lotze, Ernst Curtius, Ewald, Dorner, and vViesinger. The youthful vigor of the new president, reinforced by rare ability to impart his profound knowledge to others, infused new life into the college organism. Endowed with a keen intellect and served by a memory little s hort of marvelous and ceaselessly engaged in adding to his own knowledg e by keeping abreast of the advance of science, he was an example a nd an inspiration to his colleagues and students. As has been observed, he had served his beloved Lutheran church before coming to vVatertown, as pastor; ne had come to New York in 1863 and after his ord ina lion in the following year had taken charge of a Brooklyn parish unt il 1868, going from there to a parish in Albany. At Albany he met the Rev. Adelberg. Adelberg had come into contact with a few of the Wisconsin ministers and had gone west to attend the synodical meeting of 1869 at Helenville. The result was tha t he was called by the Watertown congregation to serve as their pastor, and he accepted the call. Through him the attention of the college authorities was directed to Rev. Ernst in their search for able teachers. Professor Ernst was 28 years old when he became a member of the college facu lty. Thompson, president at the time, and Stellhorn were of like age, and Meumann, though considerably older, was still in the prime of life. The !arge number of students and classes multiplied the recitations to such an extent that the small teaching force needed an abundance of youthfulenthusiasm and endurance to master the arduous task, and they showed by their devotion to duty that they possessed both in a high degree. A visitor at the_weekly conferences which were held by these four teachers-a fifth, Kaltenbrunn, secretary of the faculty, must not be forgotten-wpuld have been forced to admire the enthusiasm and ability with which important educational questions were discussed. The sub. ject for discussion was determined in the preceding conference and this enable<l the members to study the topic and enter into the debate with purposeful force. The questions taken up were all live questions : Would

Under President Ernst Until the First Gra~uate Enters the Faculty

Under President Ernst Until die First Graduate Enters the Faculty

it be more profitable to devote the time given to the study of the classic languages tÖ the study of modern languages? What are the advantages and disadvantages of co-education? What must we understand by "education"? Is it advisable to offer prizes after the American fashion for excellence in classwork? These conferences were conducted in English and the chair was occupied by President Thompson, who was a very capable and industrious teacher and, what is more, a man of sincerity and piety held in the highest esteem by his colleagues for his unobtrusive and agreeable. personality. He was hardly able to converse freely in German, but had no difficulty whatever in reading German scientific literature. He belonged to the Presbyterian church, but our own Lutheran church, to which his family must at some time have belonged, for they came from Lutheran Norway, was very dear to him, and he always spoke of it in terms of highest respect. After he left Watertown he accepted a parish in Peoria, Illinois, but an accident .on the Illinois river that cost his own life and that of his little son tragically ended his activities in 1884.

When still in1?pector and before he had become Thompson's successor in the presidency, Professor Ernst had represented the faculty b cfore the board and the synod; notices and reports that appeared in the " Gemeindeblatt" bore his signature. The memorial which has been referred to was the basis for the first thorough and exhaustive discussion of college affairs in the special meeting of the synod called for that purpose in 1870. On this occasion Professor Ernst advocated a peaceable sett lement of the scholarship embarrassment, and subsequently he was most active in securing an arrangement with dissatisfied scholarship holders. That the steward's treasury showed a balance where there had formerly been a deficit was also acknowledged by the board to be due to his supervision of that department; the vote of thanks he received particularly mentioned the fact that he was the first to keep a careful record of the acconnls. The $400 balance in this treasury interests us in the use that was made of this modest little fund: a college seal was purchased. Every diploma issued by the faculty has borne its impress; it survived the fire of 1894 and is still as serviceable as ever. The simple legend selected by the faculty bears th_e date MDCCCLXV and reads: Sigillum Collegii Watertowniensis. A Greek temple takes up the center of the design and above its columns appears a dove, a sheaf of rays emanating therefrom, the whole is surmounted by the one word JEHOVAH in the characters of the original Hebrew. The aim and purpose of the school could not be more happily and beautifully expressed than was done in this seal by the Rev. Mayerhoff, who made the original drawing according to which it was engraved. A classical education of universal scope based on a thorough knowledge of the ancient languages is the goal for which the

Undcr Prcsidcnt Ernst Until thc First Graduatc Entcrs thc Faculty

school strives; but there is one thing that it considers to be higher even than this, in fact higher than anything else-the Gospel of the Grace of God through Christ: earthborn knowledge must be transfused by the Spirit of Light from on high; without. the Word of God, through which the Spirit teaches, learning and teaching cannot bring happiness. There is still another symbol in the seal that is n"o t without significance; the lyre, the ancient symbol of music expressive of prayer and praise, adorns the pediment of the temple. Luther thought so highly of this art that he was wont to place it second only to theology. W e believe that only a Lutheran college like ours would think of this association, and perhaps the German character of the founders and patrons determined to show the innat e love of music, one of their national traits, in this official expression. W e have every reason to be proud of this seal. lt was also the Rev. Mayerhoff who donated the first bell the college possessed. From 1872 until it perished in the disastrous fire of 1894 it called the students of those years to their various duties. The bell at present in use was a gift of thc Ladies' society of St. Mark's church of Watertown. Those $400 must be the biggest the college has ever known; for we are not ncarly finished with the work they did. A piano was purchased, and the most necessary apparatus for the department of natural science was installed. Once before (in November, 1869) there had been an appropriation of $100 for this purpose, but now ·a definite sum was set aside to provide for annual additions. Best of all was the impetus given to the de,·elopment of the college library. The beginning bad been made by Martin during the first winter he was in residence. He prepared a course of lectures and delivered them in Watertown and the proceeds were used in establishing the library. A lecture course arranged by President Thompson served the same purpose and added $50 to the book fund. That seems to be little enoughbut in those days when the absolutely necessary things demanded such great sacrifices, the friends of the college were very grateful even for such small help. And all the littll! helps finally resulted in a library of which we can now be very proud. Some of those early helpers might be mentioned. "The reading circle of the faculty" made an annual donation of the "Zeitschrift fuer Gymnasialwesen." Professor Lattmann of Clausthal, a friend of Professor Ernst's, donated some of his own valuable works and other books; Professor Notz, Ph. D., then of Allentown, Pa., sent "valuable older editions of Latin authors." He had become acquainted with the institution through the first catalogue of 1870. On one occasion Professor Ernst presented no less than · five !arge works. The Rev. Mayerhoff remembered the college while in Europe in 1872 and made quite a collection of necessary and desirable books by appeal-

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

ing to the German publishers. lt will be seen that the greater part of the library consisted of books that had been donated, but in the future there was to be an annual appropriation from which new books might be purchas~d. To fill the vacancy left by the departure of Thompson a young pastor of the Missouri synod stationed at Boston was called; it was Theodore Brohm. He had .received his education at Ft. Wayne and at St. Louis and had attended New York university for one year. He was to take charge of the English department. Since the days of Martin the reg ular "professor's salary" was understood to be $1,000 and a suitable dwelling; this salary had been offered Professor Ernst, a:nd Professor Brohm was called under similar conditions. On the day of his installation (September 6, 1871), another teacher, Arnos W. Easterday, entered service at the college. Easterday had previously been a member of the faculty for one year. He was educated at the University of Illinois and had been Superintendent of the pub[ic-school system of his home city, Nokomis, lll. An agreement had been entered into with the Minnesota synod according to which this synod was to assist in supporting a professorship at Watertowi:i by contributing $500 toward his salary; following a suggestion of Professor Ernst, Easterday was chosen to fill the newly created chair. He took charge of the department of mathemati cs a nd was unusually successful in arousing the interest of his students for their work; from the very beginning he enjoyed the devoted friendship of his pupils. That this devotion was not a passing fancy can best be seen in an incident happening at one of our recent commencements. Easterday was there, he was still the same unassuming but wholehea rtecl friend of Northwestern, the passing years had aged him but changed nothing in him nor in the relations with his former student friend s : all of the former students attending that commencement thronged a bout their old teacher and their eyes brightened if they but saw him. The older generations of students are no less loyal to the memory of Professor Brohm, who remained with the institution until 1879, teaching English and natural science. The reorganized faculty did not remain intact longer than the end of this school-year. The oldest member, Dr. Meumann, left to accept a pastorate at Fond du Lac. This learned and gifted man had broken down under the stress of work and at last had been forced to hear his classes at his home from the sickbed. His loss to the school was feit most keenly. But the college was fortunate in·deed to secure as his successor a man who is stiil with us, though he has ceased to be active in the work he did so long and so weil until illness forced his retirement. We need hardly mention his name, everyone knows who is meant when we of the younger generation in speaking of our two veterans refer to

Undcr Prcsidcnt Ernst Until thc First Graduatc Entcrs thc Faculty

"the old Doctor"-F. W. A. Notz. The other of that venerable pair is to-day, as he was then, the active head of the school-his hair has turned white in the long service and the weight of years has taken the spring out of his step, but his spirit is the spirit of old in all its youthful vigor, and his love for the school, which has taken 45 of the best years of his life, is greater than before. Hundreds, even thousands of the Lutheran youth of our land have come to these two men for knowledge and guidance-in honoring them and in giving them our love and reverence we but show that we have not become dishonorable. Originally it had been the intention to install Dr. Notz as the theological professor of the Wisconsin synod at St. Louis; Professor Hoenecke had definitely declined to accept the office and the Rev. K. Ernst, the father of our president, who had then received the call, could not accept on account of serious trouble with his eyes. Dr. Notz was asked to attend the session of the Synodical Conference at Milwaukee, wherc the final arrangements were to· be made. But at this meeting Dr. W a lther of Missouri suggested that the faculty at Watertown be built up fi rst in view of the fact that financial difficulties precluded the possibi li ty of doing both things weil; this, he said, would also prove of benefi t to th e Missouri synod; for Watertown was to be used by them as hercto fore. The vVatertown board acted on this suggestion and secured Dr. Notz's consent · to teach at the college, and its friends were highly clated over the acquisition of a man who was so splendidly recommend ecl "as an excellent philologist and faithful Lutheran." The college catalogue gives us a survey of his previous training and work. In the catalogues of the early years Professor Ernst, who compiled them until 1883, followed the general outlines of a Prussian "program" a nd to the catalogue proper he was wont to add a calendar of events of the past year that were of importance to the institution. The record of Dr. Notz in this publication discloses that he was born in the same year as the president. For four years he was an interne at the Convent school of Maulbronn (Protestant) and then enrolled in the theo~ logical seminary of the University of Tuebingen. "In 1863 the university gave him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy upon accepting his doctor's thesis on 'The Origin of the Roman State'; in the same year. he passed the first state examination for theology, but continued the study of philosophy until 1864. After acting as private tutor in Germany and later in Georgia he was made professor of the German language at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania. In 1868 he went to Muhlenberg College at Allentown, Pa., in a similar capacity, where he remained until 1872."-In the board-meeting of September 10, 1872, President Bading welcomed him in his new field of labor and formally installed him in his office. He was invited to attend future meetings of

'Under Presiderit Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

the b0ard as advisory member, a privilege that was extended to all the members of the facultY in the meeting of March, 1873. ' At this meeting of 1873 Dr. Notz was made.inspector of the institution. The drab reality of the daily grind that constitutes school-life is relieved in the memory of former students by reminiscences that attach to the lighter side of life in school. The period in which Inspector Notz ruled over the fortunes of his charges in the boarding-school is indelibly united with bis person; bis quaint bumor, bis knack of turning an awkward and embarrassing situation to account in a most unexpected manner furnish old students with a never-ending source of anecdote. The Doctor was a strict disciplinarian in tbe classroom as weil as in the house, and the number of Greek vocables he crammed into the unwilling heads ·of his sophomores is amazing, but we fear most of these are forgotten. We are quite sure, however, that his order to saw half a cord of wood on some moonlight frosty night and then transport it to a distant part of the campus is as fresb in the memory of the transgressor who performed this task to atone for some infraction of the Doctor's iron-clad code as on the day, forty years ago, wben the order was issued in broad Suabian accents. And then, perhaps;wben the culprit thoug ht his task done and reported to his taskmaster, tbe Doctor's grim features would relax i~to a smile and he would say: "Now fetch it back."-Thc D octor would punisb, but his punishments left · no sting. Following the inspector on nis rounds and looking over his shoulder into one of the students' rooms of those days, we find that these rooms nceded cordwood and were in many respects quite different from thc rooms of to-day. The students themselves provided the study-table and the bookshelf; in onc of the corners was a stand or bench with the waterpail and a tin washbasin; another corner was filled by the voracious little castiron stove. The wood .it consumed had to be sawed and split by the students themselves in regular turn. The brisk exercise was not such a bad substitute for the more elaborate apparatus for physical culture of the modern gymnasium, and the impartial distribution of the labor among all the students fostered a spirit of democratic equality. lt would be a grave error to assume that these somewhat primitive surroundings hampered the· development of academic excellence. Quite the contrary was tbe case. Visitors of the institution were amazed at what they found: teachers that wrote and conversed in Latin of Ciceronian purity and students that answered in kind and used tbat classic idiom in reviewing the lesson before the class. The speech of ancient Rome in the Watertown of 1870 ! Watertown bad made great strides in the three decades of its existence, but tbere was very much still to be done. lt had been incorporated as a city in 1853 and in the census of 1870 it numbered G,000 inl1abitants, an error in numbers, as these in-

'.'

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

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Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

habitants thought, who boasted of 10,000, but they could not deny its recent emergence from almost uninhabitable swamplands. If t he majestic elm that is the pride of our campus could give tongue to its cxperiences, it could tell ,volumes of those days, not so long ago, when thc white man followed the retreating trail of the red man and when the wigwam under the sheltering branches of this veteran of thc woods was replaced by the stone wigwams in.which dwelt men that taught thc young the wisdom of the ancient sages in accents of strange sound. Classroom activities as outlined in the catalogues of the early seventies were of refnarkable scope. Latin was freely used, not only in thc study of the classics but also in the religious instruction of the seniors, where the Augustana (Augsburg Confession) was read and cliscussed following the Latin text and where the "Institutiones Catecheticae" of Dietrich were the basis of instruction, which latter were elaborated a nd translated into German by Dr.· Notz in 1876. In the Greek rccitations of the upper classes "grammatical, historical, and archeological d iscourses were given in Latin." Besides the weekly tests seniors wrotc six (later four) "original Latin essays" on historical and other subjects and thesc were named in the catalogues until 1877. These essays werc inva riably of a nature that required study and close application; it niay be interesting to note a few of them: Uter in bello civili meliorem ca usam dcfenderit, Caesar an Pompejus? (Whose was the nobler causc in t.hc ci'vil war, Caesar's or Pompey's?) De veterum· Germanorum terra et habit u, (Country and customs of the ancient Germans) Optime de rcpublica Atheniensium meritum esse Periclem, paucis explicatur, (A brief statement of the services rendered the Athenian Republic by Pcricles) Mortem non esse malum, quibus argumentis possit demonstrari, ( Reasons that demonstrate that death is not an evil). All classes had eight recitations a week in Latin until the number was reduced to that which obtains in our day, six recitations a week. The principal teacher in this branch was the presiden t and in thc first ca~alogue he is designated "professor of the Latin lang uage," though this was changed in the next year to read "professor of mental and 1)1oral philosophy," which was more in agreement with the personal preference of President Ernst, whose favorite field has .always been philosophy. lt was natural that he should become and remain to this day the teacher of psychology, logic, and metaphysics, and these recitations have a lways been the delight of the seniors privileged to attend them. lt also devolved upon the president, as the fraditional dass teacher of the seniors, to give the classes in religion, German, and history. In addition to what has been said about the~course in· religion, parts of the New Testament were read in the original Greek. Following the trend of t he classical course thc history •department .was particitlarly. strong in. the .ancient r.

,. Undcr Prcsidcnt Ernst Until thc First Graduatc Entcrs thc Faculty

periods. After a thorough elementary course in the lower classes the seniors went over the ground again most exhaustively. The middle classes were drilled in mediaeval and modern history, and that was also reviewed in the senior year. In 1877 a change was made in the history course which brought the heavier course in ancient history down to thc freshmen and sophomore years and left the upper classes free to devote more attention to modern history. German proper only had three recitations a week on the schedulc, but subjects prescribed for some of the written work would indicate the high standard timt was maintained. There were at first nine themes assigned each year, Jater this number was reduced to se.v en; a few may be m entioned: "vVherein lies the power of attraction timt is still feit by the modern reader of Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea ?" "The plot and construction of Aeschylus' Agamemnon," "The Pharisees in the four Gospels," " vVhy is Homer, in the strictest sense a national poet, a poet for all time and all peoples?"-We have evidence that the results brought out by thesc demands were of as high an order as the tenor of these few examplcs would indicate. In the synodical record of '71 we read: "Thoug h the teaching staff is smaller at our college than at other similar institu lions, we arc not inferior to the best of them in the extent of thc field o f instruction and in the results obtained; that is principally duc to the self-sacrificing zeal of our professors." Undoubtedly this high praise is parlicularly intended for splendid work clone in German, ·ror of that thc minis ters of the synod who had received their training in Germany were b est able to judge. In judging the past from our day comparisons are likely. to be unfair to the present generation, unless we remember that the freshmen of those days came to the college with a fair working knowledge of German; they spoke notbing but German with their parents, and when they reached Watertown, they spoke German in their rooms and on the campus and invariably addressed their professors in German whenever they met in the classroom and out of it. English was the foreign tongue to them, and the great problem of the faculty of those days was to raise the standard of English without allowing the German to deteriorate. . This condition began to change in• the early nineties, and at the present day quite the reverse is true. Students come from homes where English is spoken by the parents almost to the exclusion of German. The task of the -German teacher 9f to-day is incomparably more difficult. The flourishing condition of the German department must not be !,ken to indicate that the authorities were indifferent to the importance of thc English language to an American college. Professor Ernst's first cataloguc says: "This language is considered to be the second mothertonguc of lhe stude11ts and it is treated accordingly." lt has remained

Undcr Prcsidcnt Ernst Until thc First Graduatc Entcrs thc Faculty

the unaltered purpose of the college to train its students so that they may fluently expr.ess their thoughts, orally or in writing, in one language as weil as in the other. lt must be apparent to everyone that this aim is lofty indeed; any one that realizes the d,ifficulty of mastering two living tongues cannot refrain from admiring the high purpose and the g reat measure of success the school has had in getting creditable results. The model after which our institution was principally patterned, the German "gymnasium," has a much simpler task, for it is concerned with German alone; and the American system, which necessarily influenced our development, knows 110 problem even remotely as difficult. Both deal with but one mother-tongue-our students must master two. Our system- is a severe tax 0 11 teachers and students, but the effort is worth the w hile. In the seventies the task was doubly hard because of the limited number of tcachers. A table covering the a ttendancc during those years, both in thc acadcmy and in the classical coursc, follows: Ycar T otal enrollmcnt Classkal 1:oursc

A. Schauer,

Orgnnlzer nnd First Cntnlo ot N. W. C. Mllltnry o.

'70-'71 '71-'72 '72-'73 '73-'74'74-'75 ' 75-'76 '7G-'77 '77-'78 '78-'7!)

132

.,8

13ü

(i~

15(j 17,1 17,1 216 200 184 174

~,,.,

100

U3 SG !)3 !JO

The students enrolled in the academy often outnumbercd those in the regular course; this was the case in '70-'71 (74), '75-'7G (123), '76-'77 (114). Students of this department sought "a liberal English and business education" and the college attempted to offer them that in its academic course. The first catalogue stat es the. intention to cover th e ground covered by the lower and middle classes of a German "Realschule." Some few branches excepte<!, instruction in the academy ran para llel with the classical course. The first class graduated from this depa rtment received diplomas at the commencement exercises of '78 and had as ~embers Samuel Hall and Lee Skinner, of W atertown, and J ulius Zetzmann, of Minnecola, Minn. Courses were rearranged in '80-'81, and the special needs of those who wished to prepare themselves to teach in parochial schools were provided for in ~ special normal department. This unusually heavy burden of work entailed upon the fac ulty had to be borne by but seven teachers during the whole of the decade of the

Undcr Prcsidcnt Ernst Until thc First Graduatc Entcrs thc Faculty

seventies; in fact during three of the years there were only six men for all the work. To perform the work classes were sometimes combined; until very recently seniors and juniors received instruction- in certain branches in recitations they had in common. For a while even freshmen and sophomores were combined; and it will readily be seen what a hardship it was for all concerned if one realizes that the natural sequence in history would sometimes be inverted for the class that had the misfortune to enter a combination class where Roman history was on the schedule to be followed the next year by Greek and oriental history, which should have preceded it. But that was the only way in which the work could be managed, and teachers were hearing 32 classes a week as it was, and in the years when attendance was largest some of th em even gave as many as 37. That was more than enough work as it was, but the trying task of reading an almost numberless amount of written work for correction had to be done in addition. "lt is apparent," says a synodical record of that period, "that so heavy a bur~en can not be carried by our professors for any length of time; the.ir devotion to duty and the spirit of sacrifice animating them were alone responsible for the success attained under such .trying conditions."-One mig ht note by way of comparison that a teacher of a German "gymnasium," splendidly prepared, so that the subject matter of bis courses offers no difficulty whatever, is expected to hear only 20 classes a week at most . U nfavorable circumstances, however, had no effect in impairing the quality of the work. • The very first ~lass graduated is the best evidence for this. Every one of the four members at all times unhesitatingly expressed his thankfulness for the conscientious efforts of the school in his behalf, and every one of the four has filled his place in life to such good purpose that· that alone is eloquent testimony of Northwestern's success. One of them, John Bading, son of the synodical president, elected t he medical profession for his life's work and in the few years allotted him made an enviable record. The other three devoted their labors to the church. Otto Hoyer, head of Dr. M. Luther College at New Ulm, then professor of theology at Saginaw, and finally professor and inspector at Northwestern, after a useful life, closed his eycs within the shadow of the campus from which he had gone out to face thc world in the vigor of young manhood 33 years before. The third member of that class, E rdm~nn Pankow, has also occupied a professorship and has held the .office of synodical president. The last, Franz Pieper,, lias been honored by having been placed in the highest positions of trust his fellow-Lutherans in America had to give; he is the successor of Dr. Walther as head of the Theological Seminary at St. Louis and has held the office of president of the Joint Synod of :Missouri Ior many years. The college

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

may feel justifiable pride in the success of its first graduates, but the Alma Mater loves, all its children and loves those quite as much as its more honored sons who have taken an humbler and less conspicuous position but have in humble station as faithful servants shown the· same devotion and excellence that distinguished their more noted brethren. Commencement exercises were held for the first class on J uly 2, 1872. The general plan providing for three formal orations has been followed with little change to this day. The solemn dismissal of the graduates "in the Name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost," which must have thrilled the hearts of Dr. ' Mettmann and President Ernst on that occasion, are still pronounced by our venerable president and have gained in solernnity because they have become to us a sacred institution. On that day orations were delivered in Gerrnan, English, and Latin, which has also beeil accepted as a tradition that shall not lightly be broken. There hav.e:.been years when · the graduating class did not have mernbers enough to deliver- all the orations, as in 1874 when Gottlob Muehlhaeusen son of Dean Muehlhaeuser, was the only candidate for a degree and delivered a Latin oration. A number of resolutions of the board fixed the rules according to which degrees were to be conferred. In June, 1872, it was resolved to grant all students that finished the regular classical course ancl passed the exarninations provided the degree of "Bachelor of Arts" in accordance with the custom that prevails in our country. Theodor Bcnson, whose name appeared in an earlier catalogue under the juniors, was granted the degree by special resolution in consideration of supplernentary work done elsewhere. In June, 1873, the board resolvecl "that our graduates now pursuing their theological studies in the seminary at St. Louis may be given the "Master's" degree if upon finishing their work in St. Louis they subrnit a thesis and dissertation in either German, or English, or Latin." Peculiarly enough there was no one to take advantage of the offer in the last-named resolution. The Rev. G. Muehlhaeuser, indeed, applied for the "Master's" degree and received it after his Latin dissertation was found acceptable, but he sought it because he meant to devote his time to the teaching profession. In 1875 a member of the firstclass, John Bading, whÖ, it will be remernbered, was not a theologian, was also granted the degree. At thaf time Dr. Notz designed a diploma which was reproduced in hundred copies. There 'must be ninety-nine of these left somewhere, and as the fee exacted by the registrar was only $10.00, ambitious graduates may still. enter the academic lists and capture · ·· · the "Master" as a prize. underwent a number of changes: faculty the During these years Only from '76-'78 did the roster present the same names. _T he catalogue of '72-'73 deplores the lass of the Rev. Adelberg, who had accepted a

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

call to Milwaukee. His departure was a severe blow; for he was not only the pastor of the parish within which the college lay, but was also the regular instructor of classes that had religion in English; in addition he frequently volunteered his services to the English departm~nt. This catalogue, resembling as it does together with the one succeeding the " program" of a German "gymnasium," is noteworthy for another departure from the usual custom: it contains a scientific paper prepared by one of the teachers. In this issue Dr. Notz wrote in Latin on "Ecclesiae Lutheranae Gymnasiorum quae sint propria" (The Essentials of a Lutheran College) . At the end of '73 Kaltenbrunn left the school and his successor was J. Smith, a graduate of Ursinus College and of the K;vtztown, P a., normal school; he was instructor in the English departlnent and remained until '75-'76. Candidate of .theology Eckelmann, who had done wo rk at Heidelberg and Goettingen, was with the institution for but onc y ear as class-teacher of the "sexta" (junior preparatory dass). The appointment of class-teachers was an innovation at Northwestern that had been introduced, together with the Gerinan class-record, at the insta nce of Professors Ernst and Notz. After five years of service Professor Stellhorn left the school in '74; his work was gratefully appreciated. and the synodical record says of him in reporting his departure: "'Ne lose in Professor ·Stellhorn a man whom we all loved anä an efficient teacher." Professor Stellhorn's resignation w.as the result of the rearrangcment of relations between the two synods. The old agreement was suspended, and though this was _done in all friendshjI?,: the college suffered nevertheless, the faculty strength was impairelf:·and the attenda nce of students from the Missouri synod was alil}OSt totally cut down. In this latter direction the change did not take effect immediately; for in the following year there were still twenty-two ~tudents from Missouri synod parishes. The change did react more noticea.b ly when negotiations for a separate seminary for the vVisconsin synod were under way in '77-'78 and particularly when the Mi~sottri synod established Concordia college in Milwaukee. The synod made an effort to induce Proiessor Stellhorn to remain as one of its own professors at a salary of $1,000, but he declined. The document containing the formal call extended to Professor Stellhorn was incorporated into the minutes of the board and has since remained, with but few unimportant changes, the model for all calls that the board has issu~d; for that reason it may be interesting tq reproduce it here. lt reads: " In session of the governing board of the institutions of. the 'Synod of Wisconsin and other States,' duly constituted and co~v~ned, the appointment of a professor for our college has been thorouglt_ly discussed and finally resolved, and the election of a suitable .person for. the pro-

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the F aculty

(,)

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

fessorship has resulted in the unanimous choice of Mr. N .• N. .. Having the authori_ty to perform such function, this body ·therefore extends this call to the person so chosen. The board of the institutions of the 'Synod of Wisconsin and other States' charges you to perform the duties of your office as instructor at the college with faithfulness and conscientiousness according to the rule of the Word of God and according to the confessions of the Lutheran Church; you are to devote your time and energy to the furtherance of the cause for which your office was created and to share the burden of the work with your colleagues in fraternal spirit.-We, on the other hand, do pledge ourselves to pay you a salary of $ ... • .• per annum and to assist you in your office at all times to the best of our ability and · powers. Praying the Lord that He guide you to consider this a divine call, we subscribe our names, by order of the governing board. ]. BADING, President. B. UNGRODT, Secretary." Mi lwa ukee, July 14, 1874. Thc situation in which the faculty found itself would have been most upen viab le if the gap in its ranks had not been filled temporarily by Eugenc Notz, brother of Dr. Notz and at the time a Student of the theologica l scminary. Like his brother he had been trained at the Maulbron n school and had finished his college course by taking a year at \ ,Vatertown. His " sacrificing devotion" distinguished him and was gratefo lly noted for his work at Watertown and for the long term of service which he rendered as a theological professor at Wauwatosa in later years. In 1875 the synod celebrated the 25th anniversary of its existence. There was abundant reason for joyous thanks and for unnumbered evidences of the Lord's ever-present help in all needs; especially did the rise in the fortunes of the college call forth the profound spirit of praise and thanksgiving. But the very memory of the obstacles that had been overcome raised doubts in regard to the many and serious problems which confronted the synod and its institution in its jubilee year. The greatest immediate need was created by a disastrous fire which had swept away the frame structure erected · in 1868; it had contained 16 rooms, used as living rooms and as dormitories by the students of the boarding school. At times teachers also had their rooms in this building; at the time of the fire it had been over-crowded, and the authorities were devising ways and means to care for the increasing number of students that were applying for admission. Though the fire was bad enough as it was and destroyed much personal property and also destroyed quantities of provisions, it was fortunate that it happened during the Christ-

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

mas holidays of 1874 when the building was not occupied by many. Other buildings were equally much needed. The residence for the president had been · .ei e'cted in '72-'73 and still serves the purpose, an inspector's dwelling wai 'an urgent necessity, and at least two additional recitation rooms ,had to be provided somehow. The solut ion for all these difficulties was found in a building which was duly decided upon and erected and ready for occupancy on the day of its dedication, September 1, 1875. lt was a three story building of brick construction, and in addition to the dwelling of the inspector it was arranged so that fi fty to sixty students would find living and sleeping accommodations. A two-story wing had two large dormitories on the second floor, a nd on the first floor the entire space formed an assembly hall and chapel. This room was henceforth used for the commencement exercises as weil as for chapel and assembly ·purposes. It is used to-day as chapel fo r the lower classes. Folding doors transformed the large room into two very commodious classrooms. · · Beginning in ' 76 the financial assistance given by the Minnesota synod had to be dispensed with, but it caused no serious inconvenience. for the gain in tuition fees more than made up for the loss. But there were other cares in plenty. c;:rop failures during those years were not infrequent and iinmediately reacted on the finances of the college, because the main support came from the synod parishes, which were pri ncipally made up of. farmers whose contributions were in proportion to the success of their farming ventures. Any deficiency in the revenue was all the more irksome since the new building, which cost $1'.1,,000, had added greatly to the indebtedness. The fact is not disg uised or palliated that, had faith been stronger and charity been more active, t he burden would never have been feit and t_he building might have been erected without one cent of <lebt. As a jubilee thank-offering a ·1arger _ gift than the one received had been confidently expected. T he synodical record in discussing the situation says very frankly : "The existence of the building-debt is plain evidence that all of us, pastors and lay delegates and the congregations, have not at all shown the zeal and devotion that the cause deserves and requires. Our God and Savior has don e a ll we have asked: H e has sustained, protected, and supplied us with all things needful, He has allowed us to finish our new building with success; He has sent us students from all parts of the country . . . T he teachers have feit encouraged to do their part with great devotion and faithfulness; they have done much more than we had a right to ask of them, of their free will. W e alone of all concerned, with a few notable exceptions, have failed to do our part-we and our congregations." T he total <lebt amounted to $9,652.50, which required an annual payment of $657.70 for interest.-Before the new building was complete the students

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

had found homes in hoÜses rented for the purpose and in private families of the city. It was the special grace of God that the unsatisfactory living conditions of those years did not result in any serious impairment of the health of thc students; the phy~ical welfare of the college has always stood upon a high plane, and later years have seen no change. There was one occasion when the school was closed during the last term of '69 on account of an epidemic of smallpox. Thc first student to die at the institution was William Grapenthin from St. Matthew's, Milwaukee; he was 14 years old and was enrolled in the preparatory department when he died in February, '76. The faculty record kept by Secretary

,'- - ---1

hnm ßa.ttJo ot N . \\'. C. :\tllltnry Co., D c'1troylng Ent"my's Fort (Dullt ot Remnnou of „Old Oym.") .

Easterday reported this officially, and the minutes of this session bear a black border. Memorial services were held in the college chapel, which was heavily draped in black; the Rev. Brockmann, Rev. Adelberg's successor at St. Mark's, delivered a funeral address in German and Professor Graebner spoke to the audience in English. Teachers and all students formed a procession that escorted· the body to the railway depot. Professor Graebner, mentioned above, joined the faculty for the schoolyear '75-'76 as Professor Stellhorn's successor. Two calls had been sent to Germany in vain, one to Pastor Henkel of Melsungen, the other to Rector Schilling, before Professor Graebner was secured. He remained with the institution for three years and the results of his labor were evidence of his great worth. The catalogue gives him the title

,..

Undcr Prcsidcnt Ernst Until thc First Graduatc Entcrs thc Faculty

"professor of Latin;' which had been carried by Dr. Notz since '72, now replaced by "professor of the Greek language." These designations were never meant to imply that the teacher so designated confined his instruction to any particular branch; the number of teachers always has been far too small for any such division of labor, however desirable it may be, and the number of classes, especially in the classic languages, has always been too great. It will be remembered that President Ernst, "professor of philosophy," bad been introduced as the Latin teacher of the seniors, and he has remained that to this day. There was a time when Dr. Notz did actuafiy give the entire course in Greek, but at the same time he was giving the Hebrew courses. Former students that heard lectures on history by Professor Graebner never tire of telling how highly interesting that branch of instruction was made by this very learned man, who later was honored by the degree Doctor of Theology and took bis place among the historians as the chronicler of the Lutheran Church in America. He was unusually versatile and helped in the English department, where the textbook of which he was the author, "First Book of Grammar and Composition,'' was used. His many accomplishments were acquired in tireless application by self-instruction, and even half of what he did would have ·seemed incredibly !arge if we should not have knowledge of the marvelous gift of memory which was his. On occasion of the 300th anniversary of the atloption of the Formula of Concord the institution together with the Jocal congregation held a celebration on the Sunday preceding the 29th of May, in which Professor Graebner delivered a historical address. He was lost to the college after three years but not to the synod, for it was in acceptance of thc call from our own new theological seminary, then at Milwaukee now at Wauwatosa, that he left Watertown in 1878. Beginning with this year, our students that pursued theological studies ceased going to St. Louis and went to our own Milwaukee seminary. At the seminary they found their old teacher Graebner installed as professor of church history and New Testament exegesis. There were quite a number of changes at this time. Professor Brohm after remaining eight years, a comparatively long time, accepted a call to the teachers' seminary at Addison, III., in '79. J. Smith, who wished to continue his theological studies, left in '76 and was replaced by another graduate of the Kutztown, Pa., Normal School, J. Deibert, who was with us for the two following years. Assistant professor K. Schmidt, Dr. Med., only taught for one year ('75-'76) and was forced to return to Germany because of illness. In '76-'77 a certain A. Klapproth, a very able man, who had held positions in a number of institutions in Germany, was appointed on the teaching staff; but soon found the new position untenable and left of liis own accord. In the early nineties

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters the Faculty

J. Smith

and 0 . Felland, graduate of the dass of '76 and now professor at St. 0laf's College at Northfield, Minn., were granted the degree of " Master of Arts." The unique personality of Professor A. Preller was associated with Northwestern a s a member of its faculty for a few years beginning in 1.877. He came to us from the college of the Iowa synod at Galena, III. He was a competent teacher, and though he maintained the most rigorous discipline in the classroom, his students soon learnt to esteem him. His appearance Ieft an indelible impression on the minds of all: he was of s tocky figure, brimming over with vitality and strength, and disdained to hide the broad Bavarian dialect that betrayed the country of his you th; conventions did not exist for him and fashions-especially those affected by the fairer sex-found in him a most implacable enemy. H is whole personality in all its peculiarities cropped out in his preaching, and he Ioved to preach in Watertown and in the neighboring cities, an d we have yet to hear of one who failed to pay tribute to the strength and power of his prcaching-his oddities were but the foil to set off the truc worth of the man. His energy and capacity for strenuous work is . best characterized by telling of his return to Germany in '81, where he brillia ntly passcd three extremely difficult state examinations and was pres ently g iven the care of a parish. He retained this until advancing years brought on his retirement, which he is now enjoying with the aid of t he pens ion offered by the government to its faithful servants. At N orthwestern he was particularly active in assisting the student musical soc:ieties. He was, besides, the instructor of the normal students in the a rt of organ play ing. The college band was organized by his efforts. An orchestra had existed since '72 and was conducted by Professor East erday. The musical organizations feit strong enough in '77 to entertain the synod, which held its session in Watertown in that year, with a concert, and their efforts reaped the harvest of abundant applause.-Instruction in music had always been given at the college, though it had found no place in the curriculum. The first instructor in music was Mr. Gaebler, the organist of the Iocal congregation. Mr. 0 . E asterday, brother of Arnos, was called to the institution, after Mr. Erdmann Pankow had helped out for a month, and finally was definitely installed as "professor of natural science," He remained until '83. The same year brought a lass to the faculty that was feit by the students to be a calamity-their beloved Professor Arnos Easterday ,Ieft the institution. His departure was not entirely voluntary and caused him as many pangs as his devoted scholars,-but difficulties had arisen in certain quarters that apparently could not be adjusted. 0ld Watertown citizens still point out to the visitor the "two Easterday houses," which the brothers erected by the Iabor of their own hands, and they

Under President Ernst Until the First Graduate Enters tlie Faculty

may add that the house of the eitler, Arnos, was often the goal of a torchlight procession coming down from the college hill to celebrate the birthday of the\r teacher and to prove to all the world that here was at least one teacher of mathematics that was popular with his scholars. A third teacher, Thomas Snyder, w.ho had been identified with the school since '79-'80, also left in this year. He had been pastor at Liverpool, N. Y., and returned to the east after this brief stay of four years in the west. The vacancy caused by the departure of Preller was filled by Professor Gebhardi for the remaining part of '81, but an early death the following January deprived the institution of his services. The selection of George Keller, Gebhardi's successor, to take a place in the faculty marks an e·p och in the history of the college; for Keller was one of Northwestern's own graduates. He served three years with great success and extraordinary industry as instructor of the lower classes in German and Latin; the younger students, so much in need of sympathetic guidance, found in him a particular friend. But thc strain of assiduous work, the like our college-professors are subjected to, proved to be too much for his none too robust body; his strength began to fail him. He then entered the ministry, but not for long; thc Lord soon called him to eternal rest. His body was brought to his olcl homc, Oak Grove, for interment and his former scholars showed by their presence at these last sad rites that his work at Northwestcrn hacl not been forgotten.

III.

mortb\Dtßttrn in m.eccnt ~tan, f1rTTENDANCE during the eighties and the succeeding decade varie~ 'X\, between 130 in '85-'86 and 185 in '90-'91; the high .mark of 216, reached in the seventies, was ,not attained. Changes in the faculty, which may cause very much inconvenience, were fortunately less freque·nt, for a time at least. During one period of two years and another of three the personnel of the faculty retains its integrity. lt was less fortunate that the work during these years had to be done in the main with only six teachers, an incredibly low number. In 1891 it was pos~ible to give the in~titution eight professors, but it took ten years before a ninth could be added. lt will appear that attendance and teaching strength remained practically at a standstill in this period. Among the new instructors secured, the Lutheran church of the east is once more represented by two men, one of whom, William Sadtler, callcd as "instructor of the English language," was given the titli: of " profcssor" after some service; the other, the Rev. J. M. Hantz, taught in thc department of mathematics for the six years ending in '89. His fo nncr scholars will recall his honest efforts to initiate them into the mys tcries of higher mathematics and will be grateful for the personal attcntion he gave to so many of those who found the intricacies of num bcrs a little too elusive. He will also be remembered as one of the orato rs at the Luther quadricentennial celebration of 1883; he delivered the E nglish address and Professor Ernst the German. As recently as last year a reminiscent letter disclosed tltat the thoughts of his declining years frequently dwelt in loving memory at the scenes of his former activities in Watertown. He is still act.ive, however, in a literary way, and it was his intention to gather the works of his pen for publication in book form . The youthful Sadtler stayed for but two years, and then resumed his studies, which earned for him the doctor's degree and fitted hin1 for academic work at various higher institutions of learning; he is at present holding a position at Midland College, ·Atchison, Kan. Mr. Th. Muehlenbruch was secured to take charge, temporarily, of the classes of Keller, deceased, and was succeeded by \Villiam F. Weimar, who was like Keller a Northwestern alumnus, this was in '85-'86. After Professor Hantz left the institution, Professor Weimar succeede·d him as professor of mathematics, for which he was eminently fitted by virtue of his preference for that science, although lie had shown himself to be an able instructor of Latin. A furlough of one year ('92-'93) spent at German universities still further enhanced his usefulness. He acted

Northwestern in Recent Years

as secretary of the faculty for many years, and when he decided to leave the institution in 1903, his colleagues on the faculty were as on e in regretting the termination of the agreeable and profitable association his long service at the school had meant to them. Mr. William Kammeyer, who was instructor of the lower classes in English and the natural sciences from '81-'91, was also a form er student. lt might truthfully·be said that his health · and strengt,h were consumed in his work. ·Lung trouble caused him to give up the work J1e loved so well, and .the gentle southern breezes from which he sought to rega in his health proved unable to arrest the progress of the dread disease. lt is not our province to seek the causes, but the fact remains that there was frequent complaint about the innefficiency of the English department. All complaints stopped and the whole department was thoroughly reorganized when the school acquired the services of a fou rth former student, Professor J. Henry Ott, Ph. D. There can b e 110 doubt whatever that his untiring exertions have resulted in reestablishing the English department upon a high plane ; he has now been at the institution for thirty years and every succeeding year has found him at his post w~th unabated interest. If we to-day need not fear comparison with other colleges whose resources are almost unlimited compared with ours, in the extent of our English course and most certainly in ~he scientific philological thoroughness of the instruction offered, it is principally dnc to the genius of Dr. Ott, which will not be discouraged in its painstaki ng work by the most untoward circumstances. Like Weimar hc was a member of the class Öf '85. Other well known members of t his class are Rev. G. E . Bergemann, Pres. of the Synod, Rev. H . F . Knuth, Treas. of the Synod, and. Rev. H. H . Ebert, Chairman of the jubilee committee. This class has so often been called the " model class" by the older teachers that younger generations have accepted it as one of the traditions of the school. While a member of this class he laid the foundation for the profound knowledge that is his on so many subjects, by restless self-instruction he has·absorbed a vast mass of detail that is always ready at hand when the inquiring student approaches the Doctor in some difficulty. From '90-'92 he was 011 leave and put in the entire time at Gerinan universities to such good purpose that upon passing his "doctor's examination" magna cum laude the University of Halle conferred upon him the degree " Doctor of Philosophy." At Berlin the celebrated Zupitza was his principal teacher. · lt was one of the duties of Dr. Ott to give part of the instruction in natural science, and as soon as he took hold of affairs, he managed to secure for this department the apparatus and materials that were Jacking in its equipment. From '94-'9'7 this branch was taught by a man specifically called for the purpose, Charles Ernst, Ph. D., son of the president.

,. Northwestern in Recent Years

Northwestern in Recent Years

He is at present scientific expert and manager of a Philadelphia silk factory. After he left, the work reverted to the hands of Dr. Ott. •We have referred to the beginnings of a library. What little there was-it is said to have been about 1,500 volumes-was almost totally lost in the fire of 1894. Yet we are to-day the proud possessors of a library · of 10,000 volumes, and this number is not by any means the result o f padding with worthless a!=quisitions, but represents a· carefully selected · collection of those works that are most useful to the school and faculty and are at the same time recognized to be the standards of the particular branch of science which they represent. In one respect our library very likely is much more valuable than many other college librarics that arc governed in acquiring scientific works by the limitations of library users that master only the English language; on our shelvcs the acknowledged authorities in many· fields that have been produced by thc Fatherland arc enthroned in their own idiom. The limited and fixed appropriations of the synod were used to the best possible advantage, and we wcre fortunate in having many friends and patrons of the institution that did not forget the needs of the library. The Alumni Society has always considered it its special mission to help the library and has do.nated many works of value: the "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie" of 45 vols .. t he "Hauck Realencyklopae die fuer Theologie und Kirche" of 22 vols., the New English Dictionary, the New Encyclopedia Brittannica, the many volumes of "Geschichtssch reiber der deutschen Vorzeit," and many other valuable works. An individual member of the society, Oscar Griebli ng, donated the Weimar edition of Luther's works; Francis Hoffmann. former Governor of Illinois, but better known as "Hans Buschbauer" to the readers of the "Germania," made a gift of his whole library to t he college in his will. Only recently a fine addition was made through the liberality of August C. Tews of St. Matthews, Milwaukee, who gave us the famous J. G. Walch Edition of the Works of Luther in 24 vols.. 1740, complete. And at the last annual meeting of the Alumni the two Baebenroth members-fath er and son- Rev. Ad. Baebenroth of Milwaukee, and Prof. Ad. Baebenroth, M. A., Harvard, Professor at the Uniyersity of Syracuse, N. Y., made the very acceptable and commcndable offer of annually contributing twenty-five dollars to the library for an addition to be known as the Baebenroth collection, in honor of the father of Rev. Baebenroth, who formerly owned a book store and bindery at W atertown. Anyone that is at all familiar with the habits of Dr. Ott and has seen him devote day after day of the hot summer vacation to the arduous task of cataloguing new acquisitions and putting them in their proper place, in a stuffy room hardly adapted to the use to which it is put, will know why we speak of the library in this connection. lt is his work

Northwcstcrn in Rcccnt Ycars

more than any other man's. His quiet but purposeful and persistent efforts have made the library what it is. He is the ideal librarian, and it is his recreation and joy to live among "his" books, and he knows so much about his library that the subject-index is never used when he is about-a question, a few steps and he places the book before you and. often enough it is opened for you· at the page that you want. A library is the student's workshop. Under suitable guidance the usc of the library is one of the most valuable and profitable phases of studcnt activity. The teacher in turn would be hopelessly outdistanced in thc rapid progress of science if a library governed by able and intelligen t mcn would not come to his aid by providing the means by which he may keep his knowledge at highest efficiency. At Northwestern there is everything that is needed excepting a suitable setting for the jewel, which the library has grown to be. If we but had a building adapted to the purpose, with reading rooms that would permit the visitor to reach the shelves and make use of the many treasures there stored up with thc least po;,sible waste of time. Excepting H. R. Plum, M. D ., instructor in natural science '91-'94, and th c Rcv. Biedenweg, temporary instructor of the lower classes in Latin '!J3-'95, all the new teachers called to the college in this decade were former students. To those already mentioned, Ott, vVeimar, and Chas. E rnst, must be addcd the names of the Professors John Koehler, A. Schrocdcl , '89-'93, who taught Latin, Julius Gamm, '94-'02, English and com mcrcial branches, Otto Hoyer, and A. Kulm; and the instructors G. Ernst, ' 90-'92; '93-'94, and Edward Lembcke, '99-'0l. Andrew Schrocclel, who was later pastor at St. Paul, has gone to his reward, and Julius Gamm, youngest son of the August Gamm previously mentioned, is pastor of t he La Crosse parish. The attendance gradually dwindled from 185 to 134. After fourteen years of the "trials and tribulations" of the inspectorship Dr. Notz moved his household to the city and asked to be relieved of the burden he had carried so long. He was prevailed upon to remain as inspector-in-chief, under whom Ott and Weimar were to do the more trying work. This was done in '86 and was continued until '88, when the present professor of church history at our se~inary, John Ph. Koehler, was called as inspector. He remained in that office until he was superseded by Professor Otto Hoyer in '95, who in turn was relieved by the Rev. J. Meyer in '02. Both, Professors Koehler and Hoyer, remained members of the faculty after they had been released from the inspectorship; the former stayed until '99 as professor of history, and the latter until his death in '05. The work proved to be too strenuous for Professor Meyer, and after less than a year's service he resigned from that particular part of his duty and confined his efforts to instruc-

Northwestern in Recent Years

tion alone. In 1903 the present incumbent of this important and arduous office entered upon his duties. All the predecessors of Professor Martin Eickmann will agree that no p_o sition in the economy of our institution is as difficult and as full of worry as this one. There are seven working days in every week and every day is virtually a working day of 24 hours. lt requires rugged strength of body and character to do this work year after year, and above that it requires sacrificing devotion of the highest order. Our Inspector Eickmann has shown all of these rare _qualities from the first week he took office until the present day. ·The Lord, our Master, himself released the well-beloved Professor Albert Kuhn from further toil when He called him to enter the Kingdom in 1912. He bad been professor of English and Geography from '97 and had labored unremittingly for fifteen years, despite the severe handicap his frail body imposed upon him. His infirmity had to yield to the indomitable will and to the brilliant mind tliat dwelt in his shrunken frame. The announcement of his death says: " In him the college lost a teacher of great efficiency, and the scholars, with whom he was deservedly and unaffectedly popular, lost a fatherly friend ." Professor Kulm also acted as instructor in stenography and other commercial branches, for the acatlemy had been developed more and more into a commercial department, which has now become the official designation. Some branches had indeed been given before the advent of Kuhn, but at the time of his coming the policy of the schobl was deliberately turned in tliat direction. There had been a halcyon time for the academy when its sttidents outnumbered those of the regular classical course, but for some years the change had been coming and now the reverse was the case. In the eighties their numb er was still by no means small taking the low attendance into consideration : in 'SG-'S7 there were 79 "classicals" and G5 "academics"; for '8S-'S9 the figures werc 98 and 65. On one occasion Charles Skinner, graduate of the academy from ·watertown, held the English oration. lt is very gratifying to note that invariably the students of this department have retained their affection for their alma mater whether they graduated from the academy or only attended for a limited number of years; the school has always looked upon these its children with the same love and interest that it has for those who dwelt longer in its halls and Joves them the more, because it has seen tliat they have manifested their interest in its welfare time and again. A normal department was combined with the academy, and for the synod this was the more important of the two. The course offered here prepared students to take up the work of parochial-school teachers. Such students "were excused from the recitations in natural science and mathematics in the upper two academy classes and instead received further

Northwestern in Recent Years

instruction in religion, music, and pedagogy." At the commencement exercises that marked the 25th anniversary of the existence of the college the regular graduating class numbered 14, which was the highest number reached up to this time, and the normal department was able to offer an additional 6 for graduation. In '91-'92 there were 11 students in this department, the academy had an enrollment bf 63, and the classical course was attended by ·104. The catalogue of '99-'00 lists only 14 special students and 140 "classicals"-the normal department has disappeared. lt became superfluous in '94; for in the previous year a special teachers' seminary had been opened in New Ulm; this accounts in part for the shrinkage in attendance during the latter half of the nineties. The experiences of many years. brought about another innovation. Not infrequently it happens that students are presented for entrance that

Inßrmnry.

have had but little aävantage in the common schools and are not fitted to enter the junior preparatory class which begins the classical course. To provide for such cases a sub-junior class was arranged, which now becomes the first of the four-year prepatatory course. lt has no Latin in its schedule and takes the place of the highest grade of a common or parochial school. lt also occurs tha~ students that have had no preparation whatever in German-or very little-desire to prepare themselves for the ministry, but are unable to follow the instruction in German and Latin in the regular classes; to them the first-year preparatory class offers an opportunity to make up the deficiency. The work is divided among "the teachers. At the time of its or~anization Mr. Charles Bolle,

Northwcstcrn in Rcccnt Ycars

a parochial-school teacher, was called to take charge of all the recitations, but he has since then devoted himself to the commercial branches, for which' he is particularly fitted; by extensive supplementary work done at the universities of Wisconsin and Chicago he has made himself a most efficient head of the commercial department and its flourishing condition is not a little due to his efforts. Of this department lhe catalogue says : "Within the last few years the Institution has materially increased its instructions in this department, so that it now offers excellent facilities to those who wish to prepare themselves for busin ess or the study of the sciences. The course of study extends through five years, or six years, at the end of which diplomas are g iven to successful studcnts." This is the only self-supporting department of the school. While at the usual business college only those branches are taught whiclt fit the student for office work, it is the aim of our Commercial Department to give him such a general education as is offered by the preparatory department of our college· or by a good high school. Naturally whoever already possesses this degree of education in wholc or in part can acquire his diploma in a proportionately shorter time. The anniversary to which we referred in passing cannot be entirely ignored, for it meant much to those who had b een in the unceasing struggles of those twenty-five years; for them it was a day of rej oicing, heartfelt thanks to the God of Grace, who had so safely guidecl t11e111 through dark and tempestuous däys, were given fervent utterance. T he attendance at the exercises was swelled by a !arge number oi friends from all parts of the synod, who had made it a point to attend t he synod meeting at Watertown in this year so that they might participate in the celebration. Many thought there never had been a more impressive commencement. On that 17th of June the City Turner H all, th e largest building available in Watertown, proved to be too small for th e eager throngs of visitors. The audience listened to the five student orations with rapt attention and during the address of Julius Gamm, whose subject was "The Ideal.American," it broke all the traditions and conventions tqat have been observed at similar occasions, before and after. by interrupting his words with a storm of applause when he re ferred to the victorious issue of the battle against the obnoxious Bennett law. which was aimed against the existence of the parochial school. On the following day there was a vast gathering at Tivoli Island and speeches were delivered by Rev. Francis Pieper, Hans Buschba_uer, and Rev. August C. Bendler; this celebration was preceded on the college campus by divine Services during which two sermons, one Eng lish and one German, were delivered. Both preachers deserve more than passing mention. They were intimately associated with the development of the institution. The one,

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a magnificenl type of manhood, of impressive appearance and bearing, was the scion of an ancient family of the German nobility and was a nobleman not alone by birth but to a greater exteht by the noble traits of character that distinguished him among liis fellows. There will be occasion to refer to him again, but here must be stated that virtually to his dying day he was the devoted friend of Northwestern as president of the synod and as member of the board. Anyone that came to !'tim with suggestions that were intended to benefit the college was sure of a hearing and sure of enthusiastic support, no matter how busy h~. ,vas with the many things that took his time. That is the rea~on th.at the college reception-room is adorned by a Iife size oil-paiQting of President Philip von Rohr. This fitting tribute to his memory was made possible by the liberality of friends that appreciated his work and donated this painting and one of Iike kind of that other stau~ch friend of Northwestern's, P resident John Bading. 'N e t urn to the other of those two preachers at the· campus services -he was the pastor o f that parish ,vhich has so much historic significance in th e history of our synod : the Rev. Theodore Jaeckel of Grace church, Milwaukee. His predecessor was the venerable Dean Muehlhaeuser, whose name occurs so often in the early records, and his successor .is the highly gi fte cl son of Northwestern, scareely less known than his illustrious preclecessors, the Rev. Karl Gausewitz, president o( the Synodical Conference and of the Joint Synod of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Nebraska, and other States. On that day of rejoicing the sonorous voice of Rev. Ja eckel carried words of gratitude and cheerjul hope for the future lo every part of that open-air throng. He was one of the many that ha ve worked faithfully as membe'rs of the board-we find it impossible to name them all. But his thoughtfulness extended beyond the grave, for acting on his advice his widow bequeathed to the seminary and the college virtually the whole of his property, the fine sum of $30,000. The only condition that attached to the bequest was that the income from the capital should be applied to the salaries of the profes-. sors at the seminary and the college. This generous donation brings us very much nearer to the realization of the plan which had been conceived by the found ers of the institution: that a !arge endowment fund secure the permanency of our professorial chairs by maintaining them from the annual r eturns. The methods they employed led to failure, but the aim is worthy of .earnest efforts toward attainment, especially now since such a good beg:inning has been made. Other bequests that have been made since this on~ came to us show that it was very useful as an example to others and these others have materially added to the endowment fund . The honor roll contains _th~ names of Mrs. Charlotte Mueller of Milwaukee with $500, Mrs. Johanna

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Ahnstaedt of Milwaukee with $400, Mrs. Augusta Vogel of Milwa ukee with $500, and Mr. August Haack of Oconomowoc with $1,556.08. To most of us the offering of gifts of such magnitude may be impossible, but our assistance should not differ from these splendid exa mples in its unselfish purpose; there must be something that we can do. A statement of one of the synodical records should make a deep impression on evcry one of us in the simplicity and truthfulness of its a ppeal: "O UR I NSTITUTIONS ARE MONUMENTS TO OUR FAITH I N THE SO N OF GOD, THEY ARE VISIBLE SIGNS OF THE LOVE W E BEA R HIM AND HIS WORD."-It is worth while to· consider that if wc would make common cause and everyone of our 100,000 communicant members would do his part, the goal could be reached without great sacrifice on our part by giving a single dollar each year for only five years. Is it really so difficult to bring this about ? There have been other bequests in recent years that serve purposes that are not less a blessing. In 1906 Mrs. Fanny P . Lewis, a loyal friend of our institution of Watertown, created by bequest a n enclowment fund of over $20,000, which brings returns of over $1,000 a year that are votcd by the faculty to faithful and industrious students of limited resourccs. Seventy-five students have been assisted from this fund during thc few years of its existence. A permanent scholarship for a student from Manitowoc has been established by a donation of $1,3•!4.65 macle by Mr. W. Fricke of that city. The Jubilee year was marked by a notable gift of $5,00U niade by Mr. George Brumder, the publislier of the "Germania" ; he was still t he owner of the copyright of our hy mnal, and love for his church prompted him to turn over all rights to the synod. H e was a member of the board at the time and arranged his gift in a manner that our college will permanently enjoy the assistance that it provides. In 1890 the college campus had three buildings besides the president's residence; there was the old recitation hall of '65, the dormitory of '75, and a new building erected in '88. The new building , constructed at a cost of about $8,000, housed the steward and provided rooms for the kitchen and for a spacious refectory ; an infirmary was also connected with it and a series of smaller rooms were found to be most useful in the many emergencies that arise in the conduct of a boarding school. During this period one of the local members of the board earned the lasting gratitude of the friends of the institution for the helpful work he did in managing the steward's depa,rtment. This b6ard member, F. B. Hoermann, M. D., at a great sacrifice of valuable time, personally supervised the expenditures and purchases in the household and his systematic efforts resulted in a saving of $1,006 in five months. The board fully appreciated his services and begged him to remain as " manager of the

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ste11ard's department" when the increasing demands of his medical practice forced his· retirement from the board. Improvements in the general condition of the school were accompanied by such of more external nature. The fine weil, 103 feet deep, was drilled in 1890; no visitor familiar with its merits passes it by to-day without stopping and quaffing the sparkling. liquid that has refreshed generations of students and has held its high place in the esteem of the "undergrads" and faculty in spite of the more convenient city water now available. The much-maligned stoves disappeared from the students' rooms in 1892, and heat is supplied by a central heating plant. The pipe orga n, which Ieads the singing of the chorals in every morning's chapel exercises, was insta1Ied in 1885. T hen came th e disaster of 1894. During a thunder storm a bolt of ligh tning sought the flagpole on the cupola of the old college building as an obj ect of its fury; the fire left nothing but the naked walls, rent a nd blackened. lt was a sore trial, and if the men that saw so much of their work Ia id Iow by this turn of fate would have shown their dejection no one could have blamed them. But, as is often the case, the honr o f necd calls up resources that are unsuspected in the placid times of unbroken serenity. One short year passed and the synod had replaced thc bn ilding with a modern structure erected at a cost of $18,000. The new rccita tion hall in almost every way is. superior to the old one if one cons iders the uses to which it is put, though the older students wiil not have it that any building can be quite as fine and splendid as the one which typified their alma ma ter. The new hall contains 9 cJass rooms, the fac ulty room, the chemical and physical laboratories, the assembly hall and chapel on the third floor, and the Iibrary room, which has ceased to be adequate to the increasing demands of the expanding Iibrary. At the same time a separate residence was built for 'the inspector. The dormitqry was now used exclusively by the students for rooming and sleeping purposes. In 1903 two dwellings for professors were built on College Avenue, and in this way a beginning was made to do away with the petty annoyance the authorities had continually experienced in finding suitable houses for the men that were asked to come to Watertown; in a growing city Iike Watertown, where most inhabitants owq tpeir own homes, there were often no houses available, and often enough an occupant that had scarcely settled down was asked to vacate. A more serious problem confronted the synod at this time when it became more c1,nd more apparent that the growth of the college and the modern demands in regard to sanitary housing required additional room for dormitory use. The building of '75 had been overtaxed for years and an overflow had been taken care of in private houses round about. A new bQilding was recognized

'·.

Northwestern in Re~ent Years

to be a necessity, and President Philip vqn Rohr constantly urged the synod to take steps accordingly. His initiative and untiring purposeful efforts· were primarily responsible for the speedy realization of the project. The synod meeting of 1903 at Appleton took the first steps by appropriating $25,000, but it quickly appeared that this sum was insufficient to cover the cost of a buil.djng such as would be necessary, now that all needs wert!' to be considered including a fitting residence for the inspector so located· that his work could be better done. A special meeting called for November, 1904, at Watertowri found the synod willing to appropriate a second $25,000, and what is more important, at this meeting a man was secured who agreed to give his time to the work of interesting ou r con-

Boom lD lnßrma17.

gregations in our institutions. The Rev. Richard Siegler wa~ the man asked to bring this sacrifice, for that it was, and we have since found that he stands alone as a person suited to undertake this task. He has the gift of pre15enting the needs of the college so vividly and truthfully that few of the members of congregations he has visited have failed to show their awakened interest by substantial contributions. Repeatedly urged by the synod to accept this arduous work, he finally consented to allow an assistant pastor to take charge of his parish and to devote his entire time to the work assign_ed. He then proceeded to visit congregation after congregation, and in each congregation he personally visited the homes of all members and .aroused the individual Christians to realize the responsibility for their institutions. The results of this canvass were

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unprcccdentcd for our circlcs; membeTs of ouT congTegations Tesponded with such liberality and willingness that Rev. SiegleT was enabled to TepoTt on the day of dedication, OctobeT 15, 1905, that the entiTe sum of $50,000 was secuTed by responsible subscTiptions ! The thundeTous applause that greeted his \.vords was but a faint indication of the gTatitude of our people for his sacrificing effoTts and for the willingness of the donors. A deeper feeling of thankfulness sought utteTance in the majestic songs of thanksgiving and praise that vibrated with the emotion of the ho ur and rose to the Throne of God for His ever-present help in need. The day the corner stone was laid, May 30, 1905, was inspiTing. P rofessor Hoenecke, D . D., was the pTincipal speakeT. The TeadeT has noted that he is heTe designated as DoctoT of Divinity; that degTee was conferred upon him by the faculty of NoTthwestern College on occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of ouT theological seminaTy, which was celcbrated at Wauwatosa in 1903. lt was an honor that he had ea rned for himsclf by his splendid work as OUT foremost expounder of th c doctrine of our church in twenty-five years of uninterrupted service. AL t he same time our faculty conferred a similar distinction upon one of the g raduates of its first class, Professor FTancis Pieper of St. Louis, \\'hO had served the Missouri synod at their theological seminary in a capacity similar to that of Dr. Hoenecke and with equally notable succcs ·. Our faculty has been exceedingly sparing in the use it has made of the right to grant higher degrees which its charter accords, but that only enhances thc value and mean"ing of those it has granted. The day Doc tor Hoenecke addressed thc great assembly on the campus was i\l[cmorial Day and that gave him the material for a striking comparison with tl,e work of a church college. Our students, he said, depart from these halls as soldiers trained and equipped to fight the battles of the Lord. All this was elevating and inspiring. But the day of dedication, October 15, was a climax that perhaps has never bcfore, or after, been reached by any event in connection with our institution. The building was complete in every detail, and all details, as weil as the more general features, were so convincingly adequate and useful that many a father or mother breathed easier and was confirmed in the resolution to send their boy to this school where he was to have so fine a substitute for the parental home. lt is of brick construction and about 200 feet long and built to a height oI three stories, one section having a fourth story; an enclosed approach connects the old dormitoTy with the new and practically makes one building of the two. TheTe is room foT 17.5 students and without overcrowding even 200 can be accommodated. No money has been wasted on its external appearance; 1t 1s severely plain, some would say too plain, but the former student that enters its portals and looks about and sees all the modern con-

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veniences will involuntarily compare the primitive surroundings of his day with what he sees and will hardly think it possible that the same Sophocles and the same Horace that he pored over by the dim light of his reeking kerosene lamp are still as difficult and engrossing under these luxurious conditions. Nothing that a student might reasonably desire is missing: electric light, steam heat, modern sanitary lavatories, sunny, homelike study-rooms for four occupants, sleeping apartments with no more than four beds, a commodious reference library, piano rooms safely disposed of on the fourth floor, from where the maddening repetition of the scales has little chance to reach the consciousness of the industrious freshman getting out his next day's theme-all this is found in its proper place. The basement serves in part as trunkroom and is suitably equipped with shower baths. In front of this building a large platform had been erected to seat the speakers and guests of honor of the institution, as well as the chorus of students. Seats for an audience that was expected to be nearly 3,000 were provided, but the authorities had underestimated the enthusiasm of the friends of the college-more than 4,000 appeared for the celebration. Milwaukee was represented by 1,500 alone, a railway coach had been chartered from Chicago and came through with 35 former students and their friends. Michigan, Minnesota, even Iowa, had sent their delcgations and it was an impressive spectacle to see the long acadcm ic procession wend its way througfi the park to the elevated platform. D ignity was lent the occasion by the liberal sprinkling of cap-and-gown clad figures among the throng, which indicated the large number of those that held degrees from the college and had made it a point to be present on its day of rejoicing. To the initiated the symbolism of the various gowns worn by faculty members and visitors from other colleges showed how many celebrated schools were represented on the college campus at Watertown on that day. The Rev. H. Knuth, treasurer of the Joint Synod of Wisconsin and other States, had been the very efficient chairman of the building committee, and it was his duty to surrender the key of the building to the chairman of the board, and he in turn presented it to President Ernst, who pledged the institution ever to keep inviolate the trust "that this building was to be the workshop of the Holy Ghost and the home of serious endeavor." The formal act of consecration was performed by the very man who had forty years before done a similar service for the first building the college possessed. It is almost a sacrilege to pry into the heart of the venerable President Bading, who then as now was the chairman of the governing board, as with lips trembling with emotion he read the sacred service; such insight into the wonderful guidance of God as he had gained in the fluctuating fortunes of the school can only be bought by many years of trial and painful experience

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-and not always then. A sermon worthy of the occasion was delivered by President von Rohr, who chose as his text 1 Samuel 1: 27, 28: "The Lord hath given me my petition which I asked of him: therefore also I have lent him to the Lord; as long as he liveth he shall be lent to the Lord." The liturgical service was read by the pastor of the college, the Rev. J . Klingmann, who is Rev. Brockmann's successor at St. Mark's. The memorable service closed with that glorious hymn: "Now thank we all our God." The $50,000 for the building had been raised in comparatively few of the congregations, the majority had not been visited by the Rev. Sieglcr. Thcre was still a 1-icavy <lebt resting on the synod as the result of formcr building opcrations, such as the seminary at Wauwatosa. Additional expensc had to bc incurred in remodeling the old dormitory; the refcctory had to be enlarged to accommodate the increased number of boarding students, at a cost of $3,309; a detention hospital had been need ed so long that under existing conditions its erection could not be postponcd any longer, for the greater attendance m\.tltiplied the occasions for its use. lt was primarily intended to provide a suitable place for stmlcnts that suffered from infectious diseases so that the necessity of clos ing the whole institution in such cases would be reduced to a minim um; the two professors' residences of 1903 were still unpaid; and thc ra pid risc of house-rent in vVatertown made the erection of other house a matter of economy, but to provide for such buildings two properties in the immediate vicinity of the college were purchased at a price of $4,400. All these unavoidable expenses had caused the <lebt to mount to such proportions that the interest alone in all these years until 1912 had caused an expenditure of $10,362.88. W c saw that in 1863 the board requested President Bading '!to give up his pastorale and devote his entire time to travel in the i'nterest of the synodica l institutions and to make use of his practical gifts and talents for the soliciting of funds." The same request was now repeated in the case of the Rev. Siegler, and in the fall of 1909 he was officially called to act as the " traveling representative of the synodical institutions." The institutions meant are primarily the theological seminary and the college, though the seminary can only be considered to a certain degree ; for the Wisconsin synod has given up a part of the control of this institution when it formed the Joint Synod together with the synods of 1vlinnesota, Michigan, and Nebraska (Allgemeine Synode) in 1892. This body controls the seminary and the "Pro-gymnasium" at Saginaw, Mich. ; Professor Ernst served as the first president and the present head is the Rev. Karl Gausewitz. This arrangement leaves but the one institution, the college, in the hands of the synod and made the Rev. Siegler's work particularly a work for Northwestern.

Northwestern in Recent Years

His congregation showed great reluctance to give up its beloved pastor, but extended arguments finally convinced them of the necessity for the work and of their pastor's particular fitness for it; since February, 1910, he has been at work. In all this time there has rarely becn a Sunday on which he was not. found in somc pulpit preaching thc ·word as it applies to the need of Christian charity in providing messengers of the Gospel. He has continued his practice of house-to-house canvassing and there is hardly a house where his visit did not mean an cnlarged understanding of the great possession and rcsponsibility Christians have in their higher institutions of learning; many erroneous views werc corrccted in these heart-to-heart talks and many a promising studcn t has been encöuraged to make a beginning at the college in prcparing to work for the Kingdom of the Lord. Thc financial results of thi s rccent activity have provcd beyond a doubt that in most instanccs Luthcran Christians need but to be convinced of a need and they will show willingness to grant their support. When our story led us across the threshold of the new century. we paid tribute to the memory of two departed former teachers, a th ird name remains to be engraved upon this roll of honored dcad : P rofc ·sor Karl Pfeiffer, Ph. D. He came to us from Germany when h c wa s wcll along in age, having reached the sixtics. In the Fatherland he had bccn in the clergy for a time and had then dcveloped his unusual g ift o f imparting his knowledge to others by conducting private school of hig her grade. His services at Northwestern ('00-'03) gave many an opportunity to observe 3:nd admire his methods. A serious malady compclled him to retire and seek the healing waters of a Swiss sanitarium, and he wa speeded on his -...vay by a delegation of the faculty that prescnted him with a formal farewell-message and wished' him a speedy recovery. A few months later news reached vVatertown that death had takcn him. Of the others that have taught at the college since 1900, two that came from schools other than Northwestern must be mentioned. Both came. to us from the Missouri synod, the one was professor of theology at Springfield, Ill., and the other was pastor at Halfway, l\llich. The latter, Professor Heinrich Wente, Ph. D., was a graduate of the St. Louis seminary and had been in the ministry for a time before he took leave of absence and attended Rostock U niversity, where it was his good fortune to hear the lectures of men like Erhard and Volck. His work there won the recognition of the authorities and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy was conferred upon him. Soon after coming to vVisconsin the synod honored him by requesting him to prepare a paper for its annual session; this he did in a very comprehensive manner and his work extended over three annual sessions. After teaching five ycars ('0G-'10) he returned to the ministry and is now pastor at Crete, III. The

Northwestern in Recent Years

other, Professor Theodore Schlueter, is also a graduate of the St. Louis seminary ; he is weil qualified to teach classical Ianguages by the thorough training he received at the Bremen "gymnasium." At this school, under teachers like Constantin Bulle and C. vVagner, he Iaid the foundation for the abundant knowledge which since 1908 serves our alma mater. The veteran t eacher Dr. Notz was compelled to take a leave of absence for a y ear in '10-'11, because the Iong strain had told and his healt h had broken down; the year elapsed and the synod reluctantly was forced to acknowledge that the rest had not restored him sufficiently to resumc work. He then was honorably dismissed from active service ai1d the best wishes of his colleagucs and all his students, past and present, wcnt out to him that the well-deserved rest he is now taking be long and ha ppy. In th e fall of 1913 he and ail his friends celebrated the ii0t h anniversary of his promotion to the doctorate, and the occasion was madc particularly interesting by the recognition which his old uni versit y of T uebingen under Rector vVahl took of the event by renewing t he cliploma it had g ra nted him 50 y ears before, with suitable felicitat iom,. T hc Doctor is now fully restored to his former health and is living at Milwaukec. H is experience as an educ:i,tor has been recognized by the Sta tc and he is acting as one of the board of regents of the State univcrsity. Former students that have taught a t the institution and left it after vary ing tcrms of service may be mentioned : H. K. Moussa ('08-'10), the tran lator of th esc pages, left to accept a pastorate at Jefferson, . \.Yis. ; P rofessor \i\filliam Notz. Ph. D., ('04-'13) son of Dr. Notz, Sr., who i. wc-1 1 known as a schola r in the field of Semitics, accepted a position wit h the federal government in the Department of Corporations ; and fi nally, Professor Martin Sprengling ('10-'12), a man who had attractecl the a ttention of all his teachers a t the University of Chicago on account of his exceptional ling uistic ability and his unusual capacity for · work, left the college for other fields and will next year enter upon his duties a s Professor of Arab ic at the University of Chicago. All these vacancies have been filled by men taken from the ministry, where they had proved their worth in consistent and sacrificing effort; all of t hem are continuing their work at Northwestern in the same admirable spirit. T hey are : Professors William Huth, '10- , William H enkel, '12- , Erwin Kowalke, '12- , Otto Kuhlow, '13- , and Ernst 'W endland, '14- . I nstruction in mathematics has been ably taken care of by Professor Herman F rank, an alumnus of the S tate university; he came in the fall of 1903. As an alumnus of Northwestern he has intimate knowledge of th e aims of the school and finds it but natural to identify his own with them . . \,Vith untiring energy he serves the institution with all his

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ability. He is master of the field it is his duty to teach, but his activities are by no means exhaust~ by these efforts; he tries to relieve the individual student's difficulties of every sort in true Christian helpfulness. His understanding and good will in threatening misunderstandings between faculty and students have frequently averted unpleasant friction and have been turned to wholesome account by his firm, but helpful, mediation. The preceding February saw the advent of Professor Arthur Hoermann, Ph. D., in whose hands rests the burden of his'torica l instruction. He is the author of this narrative and with becoming modesty has seen fit to state nothing lrnt the bare fact that he is a member of the faculty. If the translator in this instance oversteps the limits sc t

Clnssroom.

by his task, the readers will surely not resent it. Dr. H oermann is a member of the jubilee dass of 1890 ; he finished the theological course at Wauwatosa and then went to Gennany, where he remained for nine y ears. In these nine years there was a long period when his constitu tion refused to bear the heavy burden of work his conscientious efforts imposed upon it, but before and after tha t unfortunate delay he worked with enthusiasm that will never leave him in his cl-1osen field of historical research. At Berlin University he did work with such men of international fame as Lenz, Harnaci<, Scheffer-Boichorst, and Heinrich von Treitschke, and at this university, known for the exceedingly high standard of its requirements, the degree of Doctor of Philosophy was conferred upon him. • His long stay in Europe had favored the formation of many intimate bonds of friendship and scientific interest, but the call of home was too insistent to be resisted and he returned to America in 1902. Northwestern was exceedingly fortunate in securing his con-

Northw estern in Recent Years

that it sent to accept a positio n at the college. lt \·1ill readily be seen receive estern Northw at t~ studen is not an idle boast if we say that st school ; historic al instruc tion of a standa rd as high as tnat of the proude the inand have they unity opport l unusua the realiz~ the S!uden ts 'fully d resulte fectiou s enthus iasm which pervad es the Doctor 's class-r oom has in much earnest historic al work. and At differe nt times it has been necessa ry to employ assista nts y capacit this in served that tutors to help out in the work. The men Ru'04-'05, nicht, Bliefer E. '01-'02, were : Wm.' Franzm ann, 1-I. Frank, Theodolf Ernst, '07-'08, Paul Bergm ann, '10-'ll, Edgar Metzer , '10-'ll, Sauer, Eimer '12-'13, ann, Schum ic Freder '11-'12, t, dore Ave-La lleman · '12-'l 3, and Paul Froehlk e, '13-'14. T he facu lty at presen t is constit uted as follows : n, Metal. Prof. Ernst, (Presid ent; Religio n, Latin, Greek, Germa week.) a physics and Psycho logy, with the Senior class= 20 periods Con2. Dr. Ott, (Vice- Preside nt; Librari an; Bursar ; En~lish , United the of y stitut ional History of Englan d, Consti tutiona l Histor Soph., Statcs, with Seniors and Junior s; Natura l Science , with Jun., · .) periods Freshm cn, and Fourth -Year Prep.= 30 31 3. Prof. Bolle, (Princi pal of the Comme rcial Depart ment= periorls.) , with the -1. Dr. Hoerm ann, (Secret ary of the Facult y; History History, an Americ and , classes tory four rnllcgc a nd thc four prepara .) periods en=31 Freshm with Latin, ment; with thc Comme rcial Depart with and classes college four with 5. Prof. Frank, (Mathe matics , Third- and Fourth_-Year Prep.; Drawin g,=26 periods.) with 6. Prof. Eickma nn, (Inspec tor; Latin, Religio n, Germa n, .) Fourth -Year Prep.=12 periods ; 7. Prof. Schlue ter, (Religi on. Greek, Latin, Germa n, with Juniors Prep.= ear First-Y with n, Germa n, Religio ores; French, with Sophom 2S periods .) S. Prof. Huth, (Religi on, with Freshm en; English, with Fourth Civics. ; and Second -Y ear Prep.; Greek, with Fourth -Year Prep.; Botany Comme rcial Corres ponden ce=28 periods .) : 9. Prof. Henkel, (Greek , with Soph., Freshm en; Latin, with Soph. Germa n, with Soph. and Freshm en=26 periods .) . 10. Prof. Kowalke, (Hebre w, with Seniors and Junior s; English Zoo). ; Prep. Year Thirdwith Freshm en; Religion, Latin, Germa n, with ogy; Comme rcial Law= 30 periods ; Directo r of Athleti cs.) Year 11. Prof. Kuhlow , (Englis h, with Sophom ores and Third nPenma Prep.; Year Thirdand Prep.; Geogra phy, with First-, Second -, .) periods 27 Prep.= ship, with First- and Second -Year

Northwestern in Recent Years

12. Prof. Wendland, (Mathematics, with First- and Second-Year Prep.; English, with First-Year Prep.; Religion, Latin, German, with Second-Y ear Prep.=31 periods.) . The scholastic year begins Iate in August, or early in September, and instruction extends through 40 weeks. At the end of each school year the work for the ensuing year is apportioned among the members of the faculty; the !arge number of recitations frequently causes -the schedule to be shifted considerably from one year to another. The catalogue adds the name of the teacher that is to give that particular coun,e in the coming year to each study. The choice of the class-teacher is determined principally by the importance of the branches which the dif-

LILbornlory,

ferent teachers may havc with a given class. Accorcling to the " Instructions for Professors and Tutors" issued in 1908 the class teach er (Ordinarius) "must give personal attention to the individual members of his class to insure their uniform training and education." There is one difficulty timt invariably manifests itself when the distribution of work for a coming year is attempted : there are so many periods to assign that it requires a supreme effort to make the existing teaching force suffice. The Jimits imposed by human strength and ability to endure are often not respected-because the work must be done. According to the "Instructions" the President should not have more than sixteen and the lnspector not more than ten periods of classroom work to perform in view of the fact that their more important official duties demand so much more of their time; so far this rule could never be observed, although the other teachers have taken as many as

Northwestern in Recent Years .

thirty-one periocls in some instances. If one of the teachers happens to have less than thirty-one, it may be safely assumed that the vast amount of correction work necessary in !arge language classes has made an addition to his burden prohibitive. Many teachers must devote twelve hours to this laborious task at home every weck; and that is by no means all: preparation for dass, the period itself, and the mass of corrections must still leave time for many other duties. Delinquent students often ask for individual assistance; and the Inspector is the particular target for these requests that are never denied and always rendered without costs, be it understood. Every teacher has two consultation periods a week, which are sct aside for a like purpose. There is also quite a bit of clerical work to bc clone in a school of some size-and there is no office force. The incidental duties listed in the preceding roster invariably demand much sacrifice of time and many of the most exacting obligations that com c under the heacl of "work in the interest of the school" are not ennmerated at all bccause, necessary as they are, they are not strictly spcaking acadcmic occupations. U ntil '07-'0S classes met at 8 :•15 a. m. (after chapel exercises which bcga n a t S :30, lasting 15 minutes) , and continued till 12 :00, with an intermi -sion .of 15 minutcs. The afternoon sessions began at 1 :30 and lasted until 3 :45. After that year thc European system was introduced, accordi ng to which there .are six periods of 45 mim1tes cach, beginning at 7 :'15 after the usual chapel exercises and continuing until 12 :30. Saturday is a· day of school like all the others, though on \i\Tednesdays ancl Saturdays students are not required to keep to their rooms for studyperiods. as they are on other days between 1 :•!5 and 3 :45. The remainder of the stndent's time is his own until 7 :00 p. m ., when another study period sets in which continues until chapel exercises at 9 :00, after which the younger scholars retire while the upper class men may be seen at their desks. at any time of night. These extended study-periods are quite necessary if ·t he student wishes to prepare himself properly for the thirty-three to thirty-six .recitations he must attend each weck. The regular and aU-important daily task is nevcr allowed to be set asicle for t hings of lcsser significance; yet student activities seek an outlet in a n ecessary and wholesome way that greatly relievcs the anxiety of parcnts and teachers who realize the truth of the old adage, "All work and no play makes Jack a duU boy," and hope that his play will be directed in channels that will cause him no har~1. Some of the "play" the Northwestern stuclent indulges in is so serious that in the widest sense only can it be called "play." There are four directions, principally, in which his youthful energy seeks expression. 1) The student publication of the ccllege may be mentioned first. The "Black and Red" has appearcd monthly clnring the scholastic year

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since '97-'9~. Thc college paper has maintained a tone of dignity throughout all these years, and has filled its columns more especially with news of interest to the studeilts and their friends, and, above all, with essay~ and other original matter of more general character; occasionally one of the teacliers or alumni may be induced to furnish a manuscript for publication. If it is true that the essay of the student reflects the work of the whole school, then there is sufficient ground to encourage such an undertaking as the college paper is, for it encourages maturer students-and only such are appointed by the faculty to the editorial staff-to put their spare time to very profitable use in acquiring greater facility of expression in English and German; both languages are found in the columns of the paper. The value of the "Black and Red" might be appreciably increased if the alumni would show grcater activity in contributing; student editors have always tried to bring thc almbni into closer touch with the college ,in this manner, but unfortunately it must be recorded that the response to numerous appeals has been discouragingly rrreager. It should be no difficult matter to inaugurate a change for the better in this respect, especially if the Alumni Sociely should lend a helping band. In connection herewith the October, 1912, issue, the so-called "Gym. No.," gotten up by the N. W. Club, must bc mentioned as a very creditable example of what can be clone. ~) The two student literary societies take thcir tpembers from thc four college classes and from the upper classes of the commercial department; they meet alternately on Saturday evenings a·n d usually in the presence of one or more of the teachers appointcd by the faculty to assist the students in this tmdertaking. Programs customarily contain recitations, orations, and debates' to furthe·r the ends sought by the societies and these may bes.t be described by the phrase, "facility in public speaking." Incidentally the regular course requires some ,vork that tends in this direction, but a separate course in public speaking has so far not found room in the curriculum. Students are requirea to memorize numerous poems and to recite them before their class, which gives thc teacher an opportunity to offer the most necessary guidance, and that is still more the case in the original orations which seniors and juniors must deliver each year in English and German. It is not at all desirable to make an exaggerated theatrical display of pttblic speaking and still less desirable to iqstitute the Americ;an practice of inter-collegiate debates, which take so much time from the student's regular duties, and are valued as competitive honors far above their real worth; but it is desirable to give students, so many of whom will eventually become pulpit orators, a satisfactory course of instruction that will lead them to avoid the most costly mistakes and will give them invaluable aid in husbanding their strength and in cultivating their voices by means of

Northwestern in Recent Years

correct breathing· and other hygienic measures. If it ever becomes possible to secure a man for this work, it would surely be most profitable. In the meantime the two literary societies seek to overcome the deficiency by their own efforts. They are the Lyceum and the Philomathian. The oldest similar organization of which there is record originated in the early seventies, and its former members treasure documen_ts that represent some of its activities. This society, the Concordia, also circulated a college paper in manuscript, and the few fragments left to a later generation show an unusually high standard o{ academic wit and learning. 3) The noble art of music has always had its devotees at Northwestern, though it does not receive official recognition . a,s ~ field of instruct ion. Choral and instrumental music have been studied by the students with great zest and quite a measure of success. The cultural and rccreational value of these student enterprises can hardly be overestimatcd. The male chorus usually consists of about fifty of the best voices to be found in the school; the band has grown to such an extent that it rarely numbers less than thirty-five members; the orchestra is but little smaller than the band. The great handicap all of these organizations must contend with is the dropping out of the most proficient memb crs by graduation, but each fall the remaining members promptly set to work to prove fears that the losses be irreparable unfounded. For the last year or more these three societies have enjoyed the efficient leadershi p of Professor Hans Duetzmann of Milwaukee; Mr. Duetzmann is a prominent member of the Milwaukee Symphony orchest_ra and is qualifi ed for the work he does by his professional training in European music schools. He comes to Watertown for one day every week. The additional expense incurred by engaging a professional teacher must be borne by the students, who contribute a small amount each week. Usually this tax does not cover the expense, and a part of the proceeds of the two concerts held in Watertown every year are used to defray the deficit; whenever that becomes necessary, there is much lamenting because the modest profits from these concerts are practically the only means the students have for purchasing the costly instruments of the band and orchestra. There was a time, '89-'93, when the college authorities provided musical instruction by engaging the well-known Watertown virtuoso and composer Richard Hardege. After that members of the faculty did their utmost to assist the students in these affairs, never accepting any financial compensation whatever from the students. In his day Professor Weimar conducted all of the musical organizations; then Professor Kuhn stepped in and his discriminating musical knowledge did much to raise the standard of the orchestra and the chorus. Members of the present faculty filled the breach, until .very recently,

Northwestern in Rccent Years

with constantly improving results. P rofessor Bolle devoted himself principally to the chorus while Professor Frank guided the destinies of the band. These two men with Professor Kulm were for many year as untiring and faithful in discharging the duties they assumed in this respect, and as efficient, as most professional musicians .might have been ; but their work could not go on indefinitely, it was too severe a burden in addition to their many other duties, and it should never again becomc necessary. Professor Kuhlow also acted as conductor of the band for a short time. The girls attending the school have not by any mean left the musical field to the sterner sex alone, they ha ve organized a Glee Club with a membership of about twenty, ancl u11der the leaclership of Miss Elisabeth Ernst. daughter of the president, they havc made the young men look to their laurels . Miss Ernst is a most accompli. her! pianist and has studied extensively at the world-renownecl Leipzig Conservatory. The four organizations unite their forces for the two an nua l \ 1Vatertown concerts and have often been invited by one or the othcr of the neighboring cities to render a progra m. Their most notahlc achievements have been attained in Milwaukee, where enthnsiastic audiences that filled some of the largest theatres were lavisl1 in the praise they bestowed 011 the efforts of the youthful musicia ns. The institution has a number of pianos installed in suitable rooms that may be used by students for a nominal fee; a splendid concert g-rand piano for concerts and other public occasions has recently been purchasecl. 4) "Mens sana in corpore sano," said the Romans-a hcalthy mind in a sound body. Like most proverbs it must be unclcrstood wi lh rc · crvations, but the undcniable truth that lies at the bottom of it wa early recognized by the teachers at Northwestern . As far as thei r mcan pcrmitted and as far as their judgment could approvc ·or it, healthful cxercise of the body was a consideration second only to the care of the mind. At a boarding-school it cannot be otherwise, for there the health of the student no less than their education is entrusted to thc care of thc schoolauthorities by the parents. The experience of countless genera tion of educators has taught us that proper training of the body does not only raise the intellectual output ~f the student, but is of great valuc as a builder and shaper of character. In one of the president's reports w e find this stated very clearly ancl convincing ly : "The physical exercise our students take is intended to aid them. in acquiring punctua lity, endurance, the willingness to bring sacrifices, obedience, subcirdi nation of the individual for the common good, and strength of cha-racter."-The body must serve the mind, but to reach that end it must be trained; that is the policy that governs athletics at Northwestern. The first introduction of systematic athletic training can be fixed by date. On April 25, 1874, a dass in gymnastics took posscssion of a

Northwcstcrn in Rcccnt Ycars

suitable space on the campus that was henceforth known as the "turnplatz," for it was the German system of "tur~ing" that was found to be the best for the needs of the Northwestern of that day. Dr. Notz was the first teacher and had as his assistant a vVatertown citizen, Mr. Preuss, who was a professional instructor of gymnastics. The progress of the venture can best be judged by an entry in _the records of the board under date of September 25, 1877; there we read that "Professor Erns~ requests the board to erect a small .gymnasium for the students, so that they may have an opportunity to exercise their bodies and find recreation for their minds in the customary and proper way.-It was rcsolved timt a building of the kind askecl for be erected in the rear of thc ncw building and be constructed of planecl boards." The dass of 1S78 now took the matter in hand and the diary of a senior of those days is very interesting reading; this senior, Mr. Oscar Griebling, carefitlly notes that the building was finished on Nov. 15, 1877, and that "it was complete, with the exception of the chimney"; at high 110011 he received t he kcy to the "hall," and by that solemn ceremony it was given over to thc u es fo r which it was intendecl. There would not have been so early a dcdication if :M r. Gricbling and his fellows had not given their assistancc by pcrforming a ]arg e part of the carpenter work themselves. The studcnts raised funcls also for the purchase of the most necessary gymna. inm apparatus, and since the supply of "planed boards" did not ufficc to make a floor, they filled in the floor with earth, smoothed out it s incq ua lities, and finishcd it off by applying a dressing of tan bark. Through the efforts of the class of '85 the hall was enlarged by extending th e length of it 30 feet ; it was now the rule to hold the commencement cxcrcises here, and on such festive occasions garlands and other decoration hid the rudeness of the surroundings most effectively. After the lire of 1s9,1 the old "hall" proved to be a Jielp in need. Practically the cntire student body used it as a dormitory for the entire year until the new building was completed. If it should be the impression of any that the herding of nearly a hundred active young men under one ramshackle roof is an unmitigated hardship, they must permit tliat impression to suffer a vcry material moclification : those who spent the winter of '94 in the "hall" frolicked away whatever of hardship there may have been in their Jot, änd it is very probable that there was very much less complaint about the "accommodations" in timt year than in many other years, ,vhen a drop of a few degrees in temperature is likely to call forth a serious protest about the inefficiency of the steam heating ! Before and after this commandccring of the hall for other uses, gymnastics were conducted under the guiclance of Professors Ott and vVeimar. This " hall'.' of many fine memories has disappeared. There was no denying the fact that it had reached the limit of its nsefulness when

Northwestem in Recent Years

thc order to dismantle it was given. Its dismembered parts were, how·ever, not permitted to be lost; they were reassembled and are now ·incorporated in the detention hospital which was erected in 1910 at a cost of $1,700. On the large campus-it is still !arge though in the eighties an S acre tract was laid out into building lots and sold to raise money neecled so much that this sacrifice seemed justified-a structure was reared to take the place of the old "turn hall" that is acknowledged to be the finest of the whole college group. The new building is the pride and ornament of college and city; it is the new Gymnasium. Before entering at length into a discussion of its merits and its history we must turn our attention to those whose incessant work and interest for their alma mater is the prime cause of this splendid gift to the synod. For a gift it was, and before we inspect the gift, we want to know the givers . We have repeatedly referred to the Alumni Society. Like others of its kind it is a society that recruits its members from the graduates a nd o.t her students of its alma mater. A more intimate association of graduates than had been possible without organization was suggestecl by Professor Eugene Notz in 1878, and it was so vigorously supportecl hy President John Bading of the synod tltat the Alumni Society then ha d its inception. Its president (at present H . K. Moussa) calls a meeting on the afternoon of every commencement day at vVatertown, which is attended by all those alumni tlrnt the occasion assembles at thc collcge city. After routine business is disposed of, papers are frequen tly read by members and invited speakers. The evening is devoted in a morc informal tnanner to the renewing of old acquaintances and recalling of the almost forgotten happenings of the olden days that seem to gain in interest in the degree that time removes them from the narrators. It is a regrettable fact _that these meetings are as a rule but poorly attended. It is true that the long journey to attend the commencement comes at an inopportune time for many, and to ministers, especially, the expensc makes it prohibitive in view of the fact that the sy11od meeting, which happens only a week or two later, calls for another absence from home. But that does not alter the case for the society: alumni should, whenever possible, attend the meetings. There can be 110 question that a better attendance at thc commencement by our alumni, and we add, by the members of our congregations, would tend to make that event more and more what it should be : The event of the school year. lt is not at all the intention to vulgarize the day by noisy and blatant display, but rather to impress upon the student that his work is part of the great work of the Church, as evidence of which he must take the great interest of pastors and congregations in his efforts; and on the other hand, nothing but personal and sympathetic investigation can

Northwestern in Recent Years

bring the members of the Church to a full realization of their duty toward their school. A second organization of former students was founded in Milwaukee May 21, 1907. Its membership embraces all those who have ever attended Northwestern and are now living in or near Milwaukee, and it is accordingly known as the Northwestern Club of Milwaukee. Mr. Otto Ernst, a son of the president, a broker of the city, was mainly instrumental in bringing about the founding of the club. The first president was Professor Karl Huth, the efficient teacher of classical la nguages at Concordia College of Milwaukee. His successors in office were Mr. Oscar Griebling, an official of one of the !arger insurance corporations; Ivlr. E. A. Wurster,. a, prominent Milwaukee business man; Dr. F . F . John, a weil established Milwaukee physician; Mr. Ernst von Briesen, a~ attorney at law; and two pastors, the Reverends August Bcndler and Herman H . Ebert. lt will be noted that all professions are unil ed in the club, and the bond tliat unites them is their common Iove for Lheir old school. They make no secret of their loyalty: Northwestern Day, an institution that they inaugurated sees them on the college ca mpus in great numbers and, if their black and red badges would not ident ify thcir standing in• the college community,. their unrestrained inLert·,-t and enthusia•m would demonstratc that they have by no means sevc rcd connections with the school, of which they all are proud to acknü11 ledge that they owe it a lasting debt of gratitude for what it gan them. Club officials have made it possible that the· student concerts at lVIilwaukee have always been such an ·unqualified success. lt may afely be said tliat no grot.1p of former students has done as much by word a nd deed to spread knowledge and appreciation of our college as has the Northwestern Club of Milwaukee. As a visible token of their good will and interest they undertook to erect a gymnasium and present it to the synod. The task they set for themselves was by no means simple, least of a ll for a club that naturally had but a limited membership. The sum of more than $30,000 necessary to carry out their plans was a gigantic sum under the circumstances, but their undaunted energy would not rest until the goal it set foj- itself was attained. To be sure, there were many other loyal friends of the school, not members of the club, tliat did their share manfully in bringing about the result, but it was the club that took the initiative and it was the work of its officers and committees that did not permit interest to flag and that bore the brunt of the labor. lt is qiiite impossible to name all those whose work was directed toward the glorious end, but they are known, and those who appreciate their efforts most need no further reminder . to keep their names high up on the honor roll of Northwestern's most loyal sons. But it will surely meet the approval of all concerned if we mention two

Northwestem in Recent Years

men in particular and extend to them the thanks they and their fellow workers so wcll mcrited. In the year in which building operations ,vere to commence the Rev. August C. Bendler was elected prcsident of the club, and the choice was made with the distinct unclerstancling that a man of cxecutive ability and tried lcadership was 1teeded at the head. His successor, Rev. H. H. Ebert, chosen for the following ycar owecl his elevation to similar qualities. Both fully justified t he confidence their fellow clubmembers reposed in them. vVhere some might have lost heart, their c.ourage would not suffer a setback; obstacles and clifficulties but served to show anew their earnest willingness to carry the work through ; under their Ieadership failure was impossible. On Decoration Day the

Studcnts' Study room.

cornerstone for the ncw "Gym." was laid, Rev. Ad. Baebenroth clelivering the speech. A detailed )ist of contributors toward the builcling fund may be found in the " Black and Red" of October, 1912. From that source ~ve learn that Mr. George Brnmder, · deceased, stands at t he head with a donation of $3,000, to which Mrs. Brumder later added another $4,000. A former student, Mr. Henry Schroeder, whose goocl will Northwestern has had many opportunities to value, is down with $2,000; in addition to that he supplied the funds for the installation of a bowling alley which offers the faculty members recreation a nd has insurecl their particular gratitude. A vVatertown fri end, Mr. George 1-Iawkins, clonated $1,000, the proceeds of which are to be devoted to the maintenance of the building. Mr. Ferdinand Kieckhefer made a contribution of $2,000, and his brother, \ 1/illiam Kieckhefer, formerly a member of the board and now deceased, gave $1,000; they are the sons of the Mr. Kieckhefer mentioned

N orthwcstcrn in Rcccnt Y cars

as a member of the board in the early days of the college history, and this continued loyalty in the second generation seems to show that there is something in heredity. Mr. George P. Mayer and Mr. Chr. Starke each donated $1,000 :to the cause. And so the Jist goes on to name the generous givers; NorJ:hwestern will never forget their good wifl. Let every one that helped be. assured that heartfelt gratitude enshrines him in the fond memory 0f the school for generations to come. Besides these generous money contributions the school was presented with an inspiring gift that particularly appeals to the sense of beauty and is a "symbol of earnest endeavor." Entering the campus from College Avenue, the walk leads through spacious lawns, under the shade of the maj estic college elm and its smaller sister, to the steps that bring us up to the gracefttl terraces tliat relieve the approach to the Gymnasium. Directly in front of the building on one of the terraces an ornamental circle contains in its center the stone statue of a "Sprinter on his marks." Confident of victory, he poises himself awaiting the next command : "Get set !" A Milwaukee sculptor, Mr. Philip Lohr, was th r. artis t who carried out this fitting and inspiring work. He received thc commission from St. Matthew's congregation of Milwaukee, \\'ho-e g ift to the school it is. lt is a monument to the discriminating taste of St. Niatthew's as weil as a splendid token of its generous spirit. As a n inscription it bears the verses composed by the pastor of the congrega t ion. the Rev. Be11dler: Et~ Ö< >..aµ.ßu.vn Ta ßpaßtfov. ''But one receiveth the prize." Bear then in mind: In faithful effort Alone true victory lies.

T here are few smaller colleges that may boast of a gymnasium as fin e as ours, one that fully answers all needs and is at the same time a distinct ornament to the college campus architecturally. The .building, 112 x 72, is principally devoted to athletics but not exclusively. The !arge open hall has been equipped ,vith chairs and can be easily transformed to an assembly hall capable-including the room the truss-hung running track affords-of seating 1,500 auditors. Commencement exercises, concerts, student gatherings, are all held in this auditorium that has excellent acoustic qualities. October 20, 1912, was the day of dedication, and a finer day could not have been wished for. The monument was first unveiled and a speech of presentation was made by Mr. \i\Tilliam Herrmann, president of St. Matthew's congregation; after other speeches,. coHege songs and band music, the keys of the building were handed over to the authorities by the President of the Northwestern Club and the portals

Northwcstcrn in Rcccnt Ycars

of the Gymnasium swung open to receive the almost endless procession of guests. Platform and auditorium were soon filled and the religious services arranged for the occasion took their course. Addresses by President Ernst and Rev. Bendler were followed by a sermon by the Rev. G. A. Bergemann of Fond du Lac, pr~sident of the Wisconsin synod, who is himself an alumnus of Northwestern, in fact a member ·of the honored class of 1885. The dedicatory act was performed by Rev. Ebert. An exceptional feature of this day was the following message, sent by the President of the United States: "Executive Office, Beverly, Mass., Oct. 20, 1912. "To the Rev. August F. Ernst, President of Northwestern College, Watertown, Wis. "I congratulate you and your associates 011 the occasion of the dedication of the new gymnasium of Northwestern College. F rom my boyhood I have been on terms of intimacy with men of your church; for in my home town more than one-third of our people a re Germans, a great majority of whom are Lutherans. I can nol too highly commend their sturdy character and reliance for the great part they have taken in our civilization. Those whom I knew best were the leaders of those Germans who went into the civil war to uphold the union, vindicate freedom and eradicate slavery. I understand that your college strives for religion, liberal education ancl good health. I wish you every success and feel sure that your efforts will be for the good of the church, the people of the church and the country. WILLIAM HOvVARD TAF T :" The advantages, direct and indirect, which students enjoy from the use of this gymnasium are almost countless. lt is an ideal place for them in the long winter months when they must have recreation. Here the bodies that are slighted by the close application to mental efforts in class and study rooms are built up into health and trained for endurance that they will need so much when the trying ordeals of actual life confront them. If one had any doubts about the necessity of, such preparation, he need but acquaint himself with the physical trials which our yourig pastors must be strong enough to endure in their work in scattered countFy parishes and in the field of home missions. The winter months are devoted to the usual gymnastic exercises and to the game of basketball, which is played in competition by the four college classes. It must be stated that all work in the gymnasium, in fact all athletic work, is under definite rules and according to a system that embraces all the students enrolled. Professor Martin Sprengling, like his successor

Northwcstcrn in Rcccnt Ycars

and present incumbent of the office, Professor Kowalke, was "director of athletics" in the fullest sense of the term; he worked out a completc system of athletic instruction timt is · still in force. According to this plan every student must perform a certain amount of work in athletics just as well as in the more serious studies of the curriculum and can only be excused if able to present a certificate from his physician that pronounces him physically unable to take exercise. The lower classes, for example, takc drill in the military company and learn the manual of arms; this military organization was organized in 1892 by Mr. Schauer, now a teacher in the vVatertown parochial school. Mr. Schauer was a non-commissioned officer in the German army and was therefore weil q ualifi ed for the undertaking; since his time the company has been offi cered by students according to seniority and has always been conducted wi th great spirit and interest. The company and the band are uniformed and once a year they set out for a " hike" to enjoy the hospitality of some cong rega tion in a neighboring city that invites them to spend a day or two. Spring and fall naturally finds the open campus the center of athletic ac livities. Baseball and football, in their proper season, are unfailingly popular and eng rossing. The leading t eams are permitted to pit their cfforts against those of other institutions, and if one of these championsh ip matches results in a victory for the " Black and Red," as is the case more often than not, it is cause for great rejoicing. If any one should fcel that he, in the course of time, has left these boyish enthusiasms behind, !et him go to Watertown for one of the match games; if his blood cloes not course just one or t wo beats faster. through his veins when he sees t he sturdy wearers of the "Black and Red" trot out on the field and if the exultant shouts of the victors do not stir him to join his voice to those of his younger brethren, then-well then time has changed him very much indeed, and it would be rash to assume that it has uniformly changed him for the better. Such wholesome enthusiasm is the expression of a feeling of loyalty; if that were absent in any school, it would be a calamity. There is little opportunity for these activities to overstep their proper bounds, for athletic competition is carefully restricted to those whose class-work is fully up to the standard, and the number of games away from home and those with visiting teams at home is limited according to the discretion of the faculty. The Gymnasium, and athletics in general, have intimate significance in maintaining order and discipline on the campus and among the resident students. The inspector's work is made materially simpler if he knows the students are engaged in healthful exercise rather than otherwise; and the latter possibility is by no means remote in these days of many temptations. ancl hat mful amusements. One might add that athletic

Northwestem in Re.cent Years

trammg at once cuts off a number of practices that may easily prove detrimental to the growing youth, such as late hours, smoking, use of spirituous drink, and others. The president of the synod was introduced to our readers at the dedication exercises; he is also the chairman of the college board. The other me.mbers of this body that guides the fortunes of the college are: Rev. Julius Klingmann, vVatertown, Vice-Presideilt . Rev. K. H. Machmiller, Manitowoc, Secretary. Mr. Frederic W. Gamm, Watertown, Treasurer. Rev. H. Brandt, Neillsville. Rev. John Brenner, Milwaukee. Mr. Ernst von Briesen, Milwaukee. Mr. August Frank, Racine. Rev. Karl Gausewitz, Milwaukee. Mr. Julius Gewecke, Morton Grove, III. Rev. J. G. Glaeser, Tomah. Mr. Wm. Gorder, Watertown. Mr. W. H . Graebner, Milwaukee. Dr. L. Hinn, Fond du Lac. Mr. Phil. Lucas, Milwaukee. Mr. John Schlueter, vVatertown. Rev. R. Siegler, \i\fatertown. One of the members, Mr. August Kelling of Milwa ukee, was recently carried to his last resting place and his chair in the board is still vacant. There ar~ eighteen members in the board when fully constituted, and the first of the two regular annual meetings is held on the second \ i\f ednesday of September, the other on the second vVednesday in June ; whenever necessary there are Special meetings. The executive committee, composed of J. Schlueter, Rev. Klingmann, and F . W . Gamm, deserves particular mention, for upon them devolves the duty of carrying out the resolutions of the board, and they are responsible for the proper management of the college property. Their various duties take quite a bit of their time and much painstaking labor, but they always gladly brought the sacrifice without a thought of remuneration for their services. The committee of visitors is composed of the Reverends Brenner and Glaeser and Mr. Frank and frequently attends classes and the meetings of the faculty. Other standing committees are the committee on finance (von -Briesen, Hinn, Graebner) and the budget committee (Gausewitz, Gamm, Schlueter, von Briesen). For a number of years Mr. J. G. Koeninger has acted as steward and Mrs. Koeninger has had: cha~ge of the preparation of the meals for the students in the college kitchen. Mr. August Breutzmann, our effi-

Nort hwe stern in Rece nt Yea rs.

. ·

s muc h cred it for givi ng the buil ding cien t jani tor and engi neer , dese rves have . and the park the neat appe aran ce they was i~te nded to be a colle ge and ol scho the ter Acc ordi ng to its char ntio n; the old· desi gnat ion "No rthneve r had ther e been any othe r inte mea n any thin g else. But in late r wes tern Uni vers ity" orig inal ly did not ial disa vow all ainb ition s that the offic year s the desi re was man ifest ed to es riam y to chan ge the nam e. Man title mig ht be take n to indi cate and rn'' este rthw ce show ed that the "No were sugg este d, but the final choi e of a num ber of othe r "No rthw estspit in d was too dear to be sacrifice estio n timt cam e a little too -l ate erns " in neig hbo ring state s. A sugg mad e poin ted out an inte rest ing to be utili zed whe n the chan ge was

ltory . Stude nt&• Bedr oom In New Dorm

whic h the 'coll ege has had : the very com bina tion of the two old nam es was Wis cons in Univ ersit y, the othe r, first desi gnat ion, it will be recalled, "Un ive_r;sity" was to be drop ped for Nor thw este rn Uni vers ity- now the "Wi scon sin Coll ege" ? But this sug"col lege "-w hy not call our scho ql of the Law s of Wis cons in, 1911, gest ion cam e too late. Cha pter 283 resp ect: "An Act to amend chap ter tells us the final actio n take n in this , · by chap ter 197, of the laws of 1899 120 of the laws of 1867, as ame nded and in, cons Wis ity at vVa terto wn, rela ting to Nor thw este rn Uni vers Coll ege. " rn este thw chan ging its nam e to Nor

regatio·ns. ~uppott of IDut <Zrollege b!? IDut <Zrsong to cont ribu te tow ard

rega tion lt is a regu lar cust om with our cong regu lar Sun day and holi day by s king erta tmd l the supp ort of all syno dica is also main tain ed, and it coul d not offe ring s; in this man ner the college

. Northwestem in Recent Years

be maintained if it were not for this reliable source of income. Occasionally a house-to-house collection may be made as a special offering by somc congregation. During recent years, however, there has been an extraordinary effort made to reduce the debt which rested on the synod from previous building operations and the accumulation of unavoidable deficits. These extraordinary offerings were taken up by the Rev. ~ich. Siegler, who was appointed "representative of our institution." He made house-to-house canvasses in the parishes tliat invited him. Up to the present time (1914) the gifts of our members in these congregations have reached the fine sum of $141,000. This sum is made up of amounts of all sizes; our wealthier brethren and sisters were able to give !arge amounts in accordance with their means, and the great majority, who havc less of this world's goods, showed equal love and willingness to help by their gifts. All this has been done by only 105 parishes; more than two thirds of our parishes have not yet been visited, but when their turn comes they will no doubt keep up the fine record. vVhat has been achieved so far must fill the heart of every one who loves his church with joy. ,-,._, e take this opportunity of thanking all the givers : we thank the · poor widow for her mite and our wealthier friends for their !arger, bnt not greater gifts: they have both proved themselves faith fnl Steward of the gifts God lent them here on earth, by their willing offering. vVe thank them all and thank our God who has guided their hearts so that they did such labor p f love. And as St. Paul wrote to the Corinthia ns "your zeal hath provoked many," so do we take pleasure in recording the names of those congregations that have made their work a shining example for others to follow. (For !ist of contributing congregations see German text.)

IV.

of the faculty, "'1 by the college, five others, dwellings for members the main entrance to

were referred to in passing. To the left of th c park the visitor sees the president's hause; the old brick structure has becn rebuilt and fitted out with modern improvemen ts. To the north, cparated from it by the "two elms," are the two frame houses erected in 1903, occupied at present by Professor Schlueter and Dr. Hoermann. Dr. O tt occupies the brick building originally intended for the inspector, which is located directly east of the recitation hall; the inspector's harne is now provided at the extreme northern wing of the new dormitory. ßesid cs these, there are five other dwellings for professors. Unfa vorable conditions for renting in vVatertown induced the synod to pass resolutions to erect one new hause every year until all teachers would be carcd for. The Schroedel property on Richards Ave. was purchascd to get suitable building ground, and this plot was enlarged by addi no- to it the Smith property, which is the continuation of theSchroede l lots :rnd fronts on Twelfth Street. The small hause on the Smith placc \\'aS remodeled and is now rented. There was room for two houses on Twelfth Street and for three on Richards Avenue, and these five houses have been erected in the course of the last few years. In 1911 those occup ied by Professors Frank and Bolle were built at a cost of $8,600. In 1913 it was decided to build the other three at once. They are somewhat smaller than the others, but are quite satisfactory and are an infinitely g reat improvemen t over the Hving conditions that obtained before. Professors Huth and Henkel have their houses on Richards Avenue, next to Professor Frank's, and Professor Kuhlow's fronts on Twelfth Street next to Professor Bolle's. These lots have a depth of about 200 feet and give the occupants ample opportunity to displ;iy their prowess as horticulturis ts. lt is worth the minute's walk from the campus to sec what splendid success some of the more ambitious have attained in this respect for their recreation. The palm for the finest flower and vegetablc garden is given Professor Frank by his neighbors. The electric Interurban passes along Richards Ave., and at the college grounds it turns down the newly created boulevard on Western Avenue and gives the visitor that comes to Watertown by this raute the best possible impression, for it shows all the beauties of the college park.

Our College of To-day.

There are the wide and well-kept lawns dotted profusely by trees, !arge and small, of practically every species that is indigenous and of many strange varieties that the discriminating selection of Dr. Ott has introduced; shrubs and plants of ornamental value are distributed throughout the park wherever the general scheme would permit. At the corner where Coilege Avenue joins Western Avenue the intersection of two streets has left a !arge triangular pl9t that has beeil parked by the city and carries out the general design begun by the college park. The students always show great interest and pride in the grounds and Arbor Day is Arbor Day with them in deed as well as in word. In the sweat of their brows they bend their backs to the work of cleaning up and digging . trenches and pits for new trees and shrubbery; and if you should happen to be there on such a day and should see a group resting on their hoes and rakes, do not assume too rashly that they are loafing, very probably Dr. Ott is among them and is giving them a lecture on the peculiarities of some particular new tree or shrub they are to plant; the lecture may not be in the botany course, but it is valuable and interesting. The Doctor does not confine himself to lectures, however, he is in many ways the father of the park and his tireless and patient efforts account for the fact that the college park is what it is : the most beautiful spot in a beautiful city. Watertown is a junction city. Here the two mighty railroad systems the Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound and the Chicago & North Vv estern cross each other's tracks. And Watertown is a beautiful city. The view from one of the upper windows in the dormitory unfolds ·before the observer a forest of rich green, the whole city appears to be hidden among the fol iage of trees. Quite properly Watertown citizens are proud of the arboreal wealth their foresight has insured; there can hardly be a city in the state of more than half its size that is so richly endowed with these fin est of nature's ornaments. If the observer, turning his back to the college, direct his steps for a few hundrd paces to the east, he will reach the highest point of the vic.inity, crowned by the city water tower; letting his eye rest on the broad view before him, he will be enchanted. A landscape to delight the soul of an artist will grect him,-softly undulatiilg •farmlands, relieved by patches of woodland and dotted with tidy, v,,:en~ordered groups of buildings that enablc the knowing one to see instantly that here lives the real American farmer whose prosperity is founded on his faithful toil; and if he is really knowing, lie will know that real farming and prosperity and toil, wheQ said of any farmer, mostly spells "German.'' But nature has been unusually generous in providing this beautiful setting for these jewels of thrift: below us, at the foot of the hill timt is our poirit of va,ntage nature has traced with silvery finger a boundary be-

Our College of To-day

tween town and open country which the city must respect...:..it may look across the placid waters of the gentle Rock river, but it must never encroach on the fair fields of the husbandman beyond. Old students must be forgiven if they rhapsodize over this portion of that fine old stream, it has heard so many tales of youthful woes which were too sacred for any other friend. Its soothing murmurs as heard under the luxurious shade of the dense trees on the "Island" held the solution of many a difficulty that troubled boyish minds carried to this shrine of nature as to an oracle. Sinnisippi was the name the Indians gave the river; if congress could be induced to give it that name from the "Two Miler" down to Boughton's bridge old students of Northwestern would rejoice, for that part of it is full of tender memories that are peculiarly thci r own, to say nothing oI the days of Sport in swimming and Skating. In a sweeping curve the river reluctantly leaves the haunts of student 1'0111ance and invades the marts of trade of Watertown. If the work of man is worthy to be placed alongside the beauty of nature, then the changc is less painful h·ere than in most other similar instances, for vVatertown, especially during the last fifteen years, has become a very li n c city. There is hardly a home from its edge to its center that is not painstakingly well kept in its outward appearance, in its lawns, in its clea n and tastefully a rranged gardens. The city has shared the desire to make V\Tatertown a desirable place to live and has installed all modern improvements vcry thoroüghly; bridges, pavements, city water, electricity for light and power, gas, interurban street-car service, all of these a rc maintained and extended to encourage domestic prosperity. The !:>,250 inhabitants which the last census gave Watertown may weil feel g ra ti fi ed at the strides their city has taken in recent years, and we are g lad to record this progress, because it justifies the choice of this location made by the founders of our college so many years ago. \i\Tatertown is predominatingly a German city. There are nine German congregations within its confines and five of these are Lutheran; of these five, three belong to the Synodical Conference. Our church, S t. Mark's, with its 541 voting members is at present the largest of the :162 congregations of the Wisconsin synod. All of this gives us additional reasons for commending the choice made by the fathers. In tracing the devclopment of the school we 'have recorded many cha nges and much progress, and in some few things we have deplored the absence of one or the other nccessity, but after all is said, there is really but one question that must be answered: Is our beloved school still the Christian, staunchly Lutheran institution which our forebears called into being by great sacrifice and labor? With prayerful gratitude we cheerfully answer, Yes, it is, and by the help of God it will ever so r~main ! To b~ a ~ource of Christian education is the only r~ason ·for

Our College of To-day

its existence. Every morning's task is begun with sacred song, with the hearing of the Word, and with the invocation of divine aid in Christ's name. As it is t)1e beginning so it is the real content of all work which is done at the school that God be glorified through Christ Jesus. The teacher submits to the guidance of the \,Vord and it is the sole source of his inspiration; it is his aii:n to give his scholar a share in the riches of this inexhaustible fountain of priceless treasure. As humble servants of their Master, teachers find their highest aim in guiding their scholars to the faith in Christ, and in that faith to the greatest service which man can perform. Whatever of worldly wisdom they may acquire is but to enhance their usefulness as His servants. Young men and women that depart from this institution fortified with that heavenly gift are like unto Israel that passed safely through the wilderness, for "the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day or night." What is tfue in general of the school's attitude toward its students, is particularly true of those that are preparing themselves for the ministry in the Clmrch of God .. The preliminary and preparatoi;y education that is necessary for effective service as pastor is the particular care of the faculty, and that is after all the principal purpose of the school. There is no higher and more glorious calling than to be a preachcr o f the Gospel, and in saying tl1at we shm.v how dear to us Northwcstern must be as the motherlode from which such precious metal is mined. Needless to say, our duty at Northwestern does not inclucle any technical or professional training; that is provided in our theological seminary at V\Tamyatosa, and it is there where nearly all of our graduates go to receive their -professional training under Professors Schaller, Koehler. and Pieper. Vv e are but a college, a "gymnasium"; our aim is to give an education, not a profession. A general education of such thoroughnesf: that any profession which may later be taken up may be profitably entered, is the task the institution seeks to accomplish in the training of its students. Conditions have naturally modified our conception of a general education. Our almost exclusive interest in preparing young men for the ministry has caused the ancient languages to assume greater importance in our curriculum than is usually accorded them in our day, but it is doubtful if this arrangement would be seriously modified under any other conditions ; for it is a tradition of the school and in keeping with the best scholarship of all the ages that a classical education is without exception the very best education. Under existing conditions there can be no doubt whatever : for preachers of the Gospel that must work in the Word t~e classical education is the best, if not the only, preparation. The system in vogu<: in America at the present time permits the

Our College of To-day

Prof. Dr. J. H . Ott. Rcv. Aug. C. Bendler. Re\'. H. Knutb, Trens.

Synodlcnl Commlttee. Mr. Fred. Gnmm. Re\'. H. H . Ebert, Cbnlrmnn. Mr. G. C. Grotb.

Rev. E. Schulz. Rev. J. Kllngmnnn, Secy. Rev. P. Klonkn.

Our College of To-day

college student to make a choice of three or four subjects among which professional courses are frequently inclu4ed. lt is but natural that the students may acquire a great proficiency in such favorite subjects, but it is equally plain that ·many important subjects must be slighted and in some the student will be grossly ignorant. At Northwestern there is a fixed and definitely presci:ibed course, so that a real. educ.1;tion of general scope may be reasonably assured. It is true thät the i·deal in educatio.n is subject to variation; European, and particula,i:ly .ßerman, education has also <;leparted to some extent from the hum~nistic i1eal which is upheld at our college. Besides the old humanistic "gy_m nasia" there are now tobe found "Realgymnasia" and "Reals~hulen," which·have cut down ancient languages to give more attention to modern requfrements that bear directly 011 professional life. But even in these schools:·the principJe of the elective system is barred, and the fixed curricu1uln-.of the prescribed course is considereq necessary, as it should be in any school lower' than a university, where post-graduate work is don e. As has ~een shown, our school does biling ual work, and as far as possible·coordinates German and English, but this should not cause a ny misgivfngs. ·' To avoid misconceptions we will say expressly that A merican p~trioti's m of the highest and purest order is inculcated at Northwestern; to ~ake of our students useful citizens of our glorious country is our ai.m. Love and' devotion to their land and its stars and stripl'!S is as inseparable froni the lessQns learnt at this formative period of our young fellow citizen_s· as America~ teachers of high ideals can make it to be. The republic give~ -t.h em the freedom to use their powers and g ifts that God gave them unhindered, and in turn they are led to devote s uch gifts and powers to the service of the republic. It should be their pride to reecho the ,,~ords of America's foremost orator : Thank God, I- I also -am an Ametl1can ! The privilege to be an American involves the duty to help shape its destiny; Northwestern seeks to equip its students with such mental and moral strength that they should be able to assume such duties with freedom and should be able to help thei~ country in its economic and politi~al struggle~ on the side of right against every thing that'-is \vrong. The' fact that German is spoken and encouragecl in no manner dilutes the patriotic atmosphere; just as the use of English does not mean aÜegiance to the Union Jack, and dare not mean it, so does our use of German mean nothing but another way of turning our learning and scholarship to account for loyalty to America. Instruction in German has been growing more difficult continually. "Every American child, even that of cultured German parents, must acquire the knowledge of German by hard study; mastery of· German becomes all the more difficult because the language of daily use is English and its ic!iom~ constantly tend to confuse and worry the learn(,!r

Our College of To-day

of a language which he speaks but infrequently." How much more trying is the lot of the teacher when his scholar appears with9ut even the most ele'mentary knowledge of grammar and without that facility of understanding German which even a desultory u~e of German in the home insures ! And that has become the almost universal condition : Germans do not speak German in their own homes. But we may proudly say that we shoulä deny our German ancestry if we should let even so g reat an obstacle deter us from the task. vVe rcad a favorable omen into an incidcnt- of our collegc history. lt was in 1897 that the faculty selected the college colors of our school. The combination "black and red" was chosen because no otlier · school had preempted it. When .the choice bccame known, a pastor offered an interpretation o f its m eaning that is too fine to be entirely accidental : black is the first color of the Gcrman flag, and red is the first color of thc s tars and stripes-that can only mcan a German-English college for Americans. Men of Gcrman blood were its founders and almost e~d usively i ts teachers ; German preachers and t cachers of parochial schools · look back i;pon this school as their alma mater; great numbers of men and women in all walks of life thank Northwestern for the training they received that enabled them to drink at the inexhaustible Mr. ll. A. Jnecer,. i\Icmber of Syoodlcnl fountain of German scholarship · and learning. Commlttec. German is the language in which· they preach, and teach, and ·worship; when all eise is wellnigh forgotten, the music of the language of Luther in our precious Bible never fails to stir 'the heart; when anguish and sorrow send them in quest of consolation, they turn to the hy mns of triumphant fa.ith of the 'days of s'turdy German Lutheranism; when they seek the fellowship of their brethren in divine worship, they find no substitute for the majestic German choral with its soul-stirring cadences. When we thinlc of thbse treasures, which our Americans of German ancestry possess, we are sure that ·there can be no better Americans thari these loyal preservers of t·he intellectual and spiritual wealth of the land of their fathers that has been accumulafed in a thousand years of struggles. Tliere have been' Germans iii America that have shrugged their shoulders over this unpretentious labor of love, but they are shamed ·into silence: the German Lutheran that has preserved intact his German worship has done more for German culture in America than all other agencies combined ; it was not his principal aim to compel respect for German id~als but he has done so; if it were

Our College of To-day

not for him other efforts would be still less effective than they are now. Our college has done its part in this work of enriching America, and with proper modesty we may say that it has been a pioneer. In these days of bloodshed and destruction its work does teil; Christian men and women may remain neutral, but they cannot remain indifferent. A thousand times the writer of these lines found his thoughts wandering from the pages of this work to the Fatherland, the land of sacred memory ·and marvelous achievement, that is now united and strong as never before to find itself assailed by a host of enemies, the most formidable array the world has ever known. Its heroes, fathers and sons, with one accord have gone forth to give battle. Is it not a new proof of the value of our German traditions when we see our brethren stake their lifeblood and their wealth on the justice of their cause and hear them entering the fields of death with joyous voices raised in the song of spiritual victory : A mighty Fortress is our God ! And it is equally inspiring to look lo those heroic mothers and wives of heroes whose tears are tears neither of weakness nor of resignation, but are the tears of those who know wherein they trust and can join their sons and lmsbands and fathers in their song: A trusty Shield and W eapon ! What are our thoughts at this spectacle as great as it is horrible ? Vve can not help thinking thaf this land, which its enemies scek to destroy, is the land chosen by our Lord to produce and bring to fruition the greatest preacher of the Gospel since the days of the Apostles, our · own immortal Martin Luther! We cannot forget that it was that land which was chosen to be the cradle of our liberty of conscience when the heel of the oppressor had nearly stamped out spiritual life. Liberty was saved because God gave us a Luther and gave us German peasants and princes that alone in all the world fearlessly disarmed the tyranny over the consciences of men. And over and above that, are there not numberless things that we prize so highly that nothing can repay their loss which we owe to Germany, the land of science and art? Here, too, like in all times of distress, there is One that can help-and will help. Our own lives and the lives of the nations are held in the hollow of His hand. And if a tyrant rule over half the earth and all the scas and take as confederates all the mercenary powers of the rest of the earth-"affiavit deus et dissipantur"-the breath of God has gone forth, and they are dispersed. To Hirn who is the God of battles our prayers ascend : Preserve, 0 God, the Lutherland of Germany, the home of our fathers ! In Thy infinite mercy, cause this suffering and bloodshed to cease, though our sins may weil havc merited it. Let the sun of Thy goodness shine upon all the embattled peoples and dissipate the ugly vapors of their hate in the glowing warmth of Thy peace. The storm-clouds of our sanguinary Civil War were still hovering

Our College of To-day

on the horizon when the portals of our college were thrown open for the first time fifty years ago; the horrors of war are more distant, but scarcely less disquieting, as we now prepare to raise hearts and voices in joyous thanksgiving at the completion of the first half century of its life. A committee was appointed by the synod. to make the necessary preparations for a fitting cel~bration, which will be held during the synodical session in June. This booklet, which presents the history of these fifty years, is written at their request and published by them. The committee is constituted as follows: The Rev. H . H. Ebert, Chairman, The Rev. J. Klingmann, Secretary, The Rev. H. Knuth, Treasurer. The Rev. Emil Schultz, Professor J. H. Ott, Mr. Frederic Gamm, Mr. G. Groth, Mr. H. A. Jaeger, The Rev. A. C. Bendler, The Rev. Paul Kionka. This booklet, then, comes to you, dear fellow Lutheran, with the heartiest greetings of our college.-We should have said-greetings from your college, for one of the principal aims of this story is to make you see that it is your college and that it merits your love and regard. lt is your college because your gifts have supported it in the past and must support it in the future, if it is to prosper. And it is your college bccause your sons and daughters can nowhere receive what you would like them to have as well as here, in the school that will rear them in the fear of the Lord. vVe fear that many of those who might have en-· joyed such blessings were deprived of them because their parents and guardians did not sufficiently realize that this was their school; in 19081909 we reached the highest enrollment in the history of the college, 283. You know very well that it might have been a full thousand more if all those who attended higher schools of learning had chosen Northwestern, as they would have done if they had feit as they should feel that it is their school. Do not feel that only those who are sure they are going to enter the ministry are welcome here, and do not feel that the education offered is only suited to the student of theology ; send your son or daughter, knowing that next to home the Christion college which you yourself have helped build, is the best place for them. Luther has always been accepted as a leading authority on education, and he says it is meaningless "to contend that only ministers must have a thorough education." Before he was married and had children, he wrote :

Our College of To-day

"lf I had children and could afford it, they would not only have to study the a\tcient languages and history, but they would also have to learn mathematics and singing and the art of music," and Luther was one of the foremost educators of his day, if not of all time. And once more let Luther tell you of the importance of schools like Northwestern: "Even if we did not need colleges to acquire the knowledge necessary for the study of the Word o( God and for His service, we should still need them for our boy~ and girls in every community, for the world has very great need of well informed and cultured men and women to keep it in mere external decency." When you think of the welfare of your own children; or the children of your friends, remember that Northwestern _is YOUR college ! In conclusion, since it is your college, we owe it to you to point out a few of the things that our school still needs and that your good will and interest can help secure. There is the endowment fund which should be greatly enlarged; it can be done quite easily and without great sacrifice on your part if you get together with your friends and work out the plan we suggested in these pages. The library, which has grown to be quite an institution, should haYe a suitable building of its own; then, perhaps, it would not be necessary to make very many changes to fi nd proper quarters for the department of natural sciehce, which is at present i_n adequately housed, and for the executive work in connection w ith the management of the school, which is now homeless and invades other rooms by sufferance. The usual instructional aids should also be replaced and aug~ented. There are many other things that any one conversant with school needs would discover in almost every school, but these that were just mentioned are the ones that are particularly pointed out to your kjnd consideration. Our task is nearing its end-we have told you all that the space would permit. Our own feeling of elation at the success of these fifty years of hard work has colored our remarks, some would say, a little too rosy. We have said many kind words for those who have worked for, and at, this institution and for those whose recent gifts have helped Northwestern so much. Remember, it is our gratitude that will not be denied. We are· well aware, . though, that, with -those who have gone before and with all of those who are now carrying on the work, the underlying motive that runs through our thanks is gratitude to our generous God who has given us the men and the means to carry out our humble plans. To Hirn ascend our praises and to the glory of His holy name all our efforts ten~. lt .is the highest privilege of man to be permitted to help in .the work of the Kingdom, sfo.fu.i' and · full of failings as he is. lt is grace, -heavenly, divine grace that permits us to be with our God in this work. lt was grace of God that we were permitted to add stone

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1·

to stone and building to building; it was grace o{ God that hearts were made willing to bring the sacrifices needed for success. When St. Chrysostom at the end of bis years looked back upon the untold mercies of bis Lord, and also· thought of those dreary years spent in banishment when the smile of bis God's favor seemed to be clouded in gloom, he uttered those truly Christian words: "Thank God for it all!" And so do we, as fifty years filled with joys and sorrows, w:ith successes and reverses, with thanks for help and regrets for hindrance pass before our· soul, bow to the··christian wisdom of the old saint and say : Thank God for it all! Fifty years ago at the consecration of the first college building the celebrating throng reverently passed through the portals under an arch that bore in letters of gold the legend : "Soli Deo Gloria!" There is now no bronze or stone. over those portals with that declaration·, and none is need'ed. Fifty years have deeply engraved those words upon the hearts of the men that make the school and upon those who have passed through it, and as the friends of Northwestern pass with it over the divide of the century, it is a token of future fealty and an assurance of continuing success that the gold letter-s of that por.tal o f fifty yl!ars ago are n~w read in the flesh and blood of a second· and t hird generation : ' ·

1 ! t

Our _C qllege of To-day

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Our College of To-day

DIR EOT OJU .'.

ce. 1. Pre slde ot•s Res lden(de!!. nec ltnt lon Hnl l tnln g stro yed by llgh and rebu llt.J 3. Old Dor mlt ory . s lte ot 4. Ret ecto ry (on troy ed des Dor mlt ory bl tlre '74). 5. New Dor mlt ory .lden ce. r's Ues 0. Iosp ectoium . 7. Gym nas H. Otl 's Ues l;J. f. Pro 8. ). Bld g.). IUSJ den ce (Old 9. Pro f. T . Sch luet er•s ce. Res ldeo nn's 10. Pro f. ·Art . Hoe rmu Res lden ee. 11. Pro f. W. Hen kel' s Res ldence. lRes l'' Pro f. W, Hut h's den ce. nk's 13. Pro f. H. .A. l•'rn Res ldeo ce. lUes H. Pro f. c. Bol le's deo ce. Hes 's lö. Pro t. 0. Kuh low lden ce. sc. 10. Sm ltb Hou 17. Infi rmn ry. 18.. Cam pus. Wei l. 10. Old College tue. 20. Spr inte r Sta s. 21. Fnm ous Old Elm 22. N. W. College Pur k.

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PUBLI SHING HOUSE JUL. LUENING, Maoater

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