1900-1901 NWU The Black and Red Vol. 4

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OCKS OX

GOOD FOOTWEAR,

— OR —

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• • • For SPRING• • •

| When In need of----- .

— CaU at —

I Kur^weg’s 1 <£ Shoe Store.

Don't matter much how you spell it, but it does mat­ ter a great deal the kind you buy. Try our 10c, 15c, and toe proofat 25c a pair, they need no darning, they arc the best goods made and you will say so too, a iter trying them.

Try them.

We try to give Satisfaction. ^ 402 Main Str., WATERTOWN, WIS. 0 s :o.oav>ooo;o.ox.'cvcm)

SCHLUETER BROS’.

merchant ioc Cigar

Schiffler $ siegemann,

---- AND-----

JJrc sc Cigar *,* ,* Lead them all.

217 Main Street,

105 West Main Str.,

Watertown, Wis.

Roswell, Champion J and Challenge fiats * * •

Schempf Bros. Co. Our Stock of

men’s fixings, fiats, Shirts, Collars and Cuffs, Neckwear, =»

etc., is full of new things for spring wear. The CLOTH­ ING STOCK, too, is more attractive than ever.

Let us show you some of those excellent Suits at $6, $7, $8, and up to $15. They arc the “Perfection” Brand — none better anywhere.

Watertown, Wis.

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SPRING 1900.

The demand for finer grades of headwear will be tho chief feature of the business of 1000.

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Roswell, Champion and \ Challeng-e Hats fill these requirements. We have them ^ all the latest shapes, styles, and colors, ' for Spring Guarantee Hats, at

Schempf Bros. Co. Clothiers and Merchant Tailors, 107 Main Str.,

Watertown, Wis.

If you

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want first-

class and satisfactory

* 3P XX O T O S ** — go to —

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Badesr Slate Using Co.,

Donnes Bkos., Photographers.

3©®®®©®6XS©®®e©®®©©Sffi€>©SXS©®

Manufacturers of all kinds of

CARBONATED BEVERAGES.

------------------ ------We cordially invite all lovers of Bicycle sport to call and inspect

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Remember that all goods labeled with the Badger Trade Mark are guaranteed to be absolutely pure in every respect.

We know what our goods arc made of.

“The Fowler Bicycle.”

There is none superior and the price is within reach of everyone.

0

Wm. G. Pritzlaff & Co., 307 Main Str.,

AGENTS, Watertown, Wis. f ------------------

RE015I£BED^

Gatmn’s is Reliable Drug Store next to Post Office.

Everything pure, fresh, and up to date.

A large line of C1CARS. JIS" Tonr patronage respectfully solicited.

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Dr. O. WOLFFUM, DENTIST.

Fire Insurance.

203 West Main Street.

Donnkr Bros’. Bcilhixo.

FRED. GAMM I

Watertown, Wis.

Watertown, Wis. 4

WHAT P

I fig

To get a good SHOE. WHY?

Complete line of. . .

H Because a good Shoe wears well and fits your foot, j?

WHAT MORE? It Is warm and keeps out dampness. “For a good Shoe — at a low price", go to

B. % SCRHCISS, 23}

109 Main Street.

106 Main Str.

•fit*

'•mm

DRUGS, MEDICINES, and CHEMICALS. Neat line of Tablets and Stationery.

Prescriptions compounded at all hours.

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Volume IV.

Watertown, Wisconsin, April, 1900.

i1 iIIImm iP ift ;I lim

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Number 1.

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Board of Editors.

Edw. H. Buerger, *01, Editor-in-Chief.

Robert Wolff, ’01,

Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

H. A. Frank, ’01,

Theo. H. Schroedel, ’02,

nJt m.

H. W. Luebcke, ’01

Edmund Bliefernicht, ’03.

The XSlaclt and Hed i« published monthly during the school year by the students of the Northwestern Uni­ versity. Subscription price, 50 cents per annum In advance. Advertising rates furnished on application.

All literary matter should be directed to tho Kdltor-ln-Chlef, business letters to the Business Manager. Subscribers will please giro notice of any change of address, and when failing to receive tho Black and Red regularly, notify us at once.

Printed by D. Blumonfeld <fc Son. Entered at the Post Office of Watertown, Wis.. as second-class matter.

Editorial.

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^7 INTER with all its dreariness and monotony has left us. Cold weather is a thing of the past, and we are looking forward to the approach of that season which never fails to bring along with it pastime and amusement. As yet nature seems dead to us. It has but cast off its white vesture and now is bare. But the April rains are falling fast to break the frozen turf and to prepare the new apparel, which spring is soon to wear. Easter, which again reminds us of the fact that nature is coming to life again, is near. The boys are preparing to spend a few joyful days at home, and when they have returned, they will enter that part of the year which is accepted by the student in general as the most blissful time in college life.

rpHERE is perhaps nothing that more deteriorates a student than a certain tendency to which students have been more and more giving way. We mean a certain lack of seriousness, a certain thoughtlessness which we may often observe in our college life. It is of no use to look quietly on, this spirit will daily, in more appalling measure, have its effect and we shall all have to suffer from it.

Certainty our life should not, and need not be, one of uninterrupted work, a little mirth and pastime must break the sameness of routine. But we seem to be transgressing limits and paying more attention to entertainment than to that for which we are mainly here. We seem to be growing more thoughtless and

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aimless. We are taking things altogether to easy. We are not working to the best of our abilities. We are also doing what we do too much only “to keep up appearances.” We are applying our time not as well as we might. This de_ plorable state, it appears to me, arises from the lack of aim and purpose in the minds of many among us. Look at our social life, our dilly-dallying way of passing the time. In some quarters every “free” hour almost is spent in gossiping we might fairly say. The subjects of conversation, where more of us meet, are not intellectual topics (that savors of the class-room which we have happily left) nor even subjects of general inter­ est; there is nothing but shallow talk, ' the topics of the day, taken from the smallest sphere of life, with which we while our precious time away. Joking, “joshing”, “getting on the string”, and other foolery are the high attainments that we demand of our leaders. This all appears to us immensely interesting and who does not appreciate it, is more or less of a dunce. Whoever does not know the latest catch joke or still worse, not even the “stalers” is unquestionably “green”. Wittiness is in fact becoming with us a proof of great intellectual endowments. We see no harm in having a little “fun”. It promotes goodfellowship; we are very good friends among each other and meet on the most familiar terms.

Unhappily this great abundance of “fun” is apparently unbalancing us.

The happiness we enjo3r in the delights and the jolly'' good mirth of the present is blinding us to danger. We are already in the danger of making a grand joke of everything. This joking spirit of foolery is invading the class-room and spoiling our hours of study. We are fast “joshing” ourselves out of all respect for each other; we are meeting daily upon more

familiar terms, but this “familiarity breeds contempt”, We are losing all true manliness. We have no convictions or principles or have not the courage to express or stand by them, We are moved by the impression of the moment, becoming opportunistic, and learning to pander to the taste of the majority, When will we awake and rouse ourselves again to look to greater and higher aims and to live for a purpose? Pardon me for attempting to rouse you. You will read this call, laugh, and pass it by unheeding. Be happy then and live according to your maxim, “Lactus iu praesens animus, quod ultra cst odcrit curare”,

^RE we justified in placing a tariff on goods exported from Porto Rico to the United States and vice versa, is a question upon which much comment has been offered of late in politics, The fact is obvious that such a tariff js an injustice towards the people of Porto Rico; as one of our senators said, it is the outgrowth of a no less wrong and dangerous principle than the tea tax before the American Revolution, At different times our authorities have promised the people of Porto Rico all the privileges of our free government, Have they kept these promises? B}r the treaty with Spain the island has become part of the United States, our flag has been unfurled there, the people of this new territory have been denied the rights of our constitution.

Congress defends its attitude in this tariff question by saying they cannot find other means to support the government of that island than a tariff on exports and imports. The conditions of Porto Rico, they say, are such that it is impossible to raise money enough for that purpose by internal revenue and direct taxes. This statement has been

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THE BLACK AND RED. refuted by the Porto Ricans in their petition to Congress wherein they clearly show that a sufficient amount of money could be raised by internal revenues on rum, cigars, and cigarettes to pay the expenses of the government and all necessary improvements.

Some of our congressmen state that a tariff of only 15% of the Dingley tariff rates is very moderate, amounting to only a few cents on large quantities of goods. This estimate evidently is by far too low; the Porto Ricans, in their protest to Congress against the bill pending tliere, have fully’- demonstrated the fact that no goods manufactured from tobacco, which constitutes the staple commodity of the island, would be taxed for less than 25% of their value, while the taxes on some grades would be as high as 160%. If this does not prostrate Porto Rican commerce, it surely will not act as a stimulant. If this is true, how does it agree with the policy of our government to promote the welfare of its subjects ? Is our government so far removed from the established principles that these people whom we have liberated from Spanish oppression are to re­ ceive a treatment at our hands which is no better than what they had before ?

Whatever the reason for this attitude of our present administration maybe, it is very evident that their actions are not sanctioned by the greater number of American citizens who plainly see the dangerous course taken.

vast resources, and our products, cotton and tobacco excepted, found a ready market at home. We were to such an extent isolated and independent of foreign nations that we gave ourselves little concern about their affairs and dwelt in most perfect confidence of our ability to get along without them. But with an increase of population to 62,622,250 souls (Indians not included) and with improved methods of production, all these old conditions have changed. The surplus products are now so immense that the markets of all nations are needed for their distribution, It is the enormous development, and no other cause, that struck the hour of a new era in our history and we cannot step back without endangeringour cornmerce. The mere child of 1776 has grown to be a power in the family of nations, universal freedom has been proclaimed to all races within our jurisdiction, whereby slavery has lost the balance of power. Sectional strife has ceased, we have waxed strong and we are ready to take our due seat in the council of nations, The negotiations of “an open door”

by Secretary of State Mr. Hay securing for the American commerce in the Orient equal advantages with the otherpowers of Europe, in whatever sphere of influcnce they may be located, are therefore of great value. American merchandise can now be shipped to, and landed in, all Chinese ports with no discriminating harbor dues or railroad charges. And all this we have gained by giving noth­ ing in return. It leaves us a free hand JpOR three quarters of a century the attention of the United States was to deal with the Philippine question as engrossed in the slave question and we please. If American diplomacy arid every extension made to our territory ingenuity can gain the necessary mark­ had in view a new slave state or a new ets for our surplus products, to what free state, each party struggling for su­ end is the acquisition of territory then premacy. All our energies and capital necessary ? We have certainly troubles were well employed in developing our enough in our own borders and our pwn

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civilization needs improvements in many jng for a profession or business, he ought particular instances. If our administra- to inspire his work with an honest amtion can get trade advantages without bition if he wants to accomplish his aim. aggression — that it can be done has if a student is diligent and if he puts all fairly been demonstrated — it is a crime bis energy into his work, he will advance if we do otherwise. The longing for em- quickly, love his studies more and more pire has in the end always proved detri- as he advances, and be honored and re­ mental to the power cherishing such de- spected. sire.

At college is the place for him to lay a foundation, a strong basis on which he UQUR future is based upon our am­ can build the future. But this can only bition” is a motto, which must be be accomplished by hard work with an applied not only to a country or people honest ambition which is strong enough as a whole but to every individual, so to lead him to carry out what he has too to the student. Henry Ward Beecher begun. Many people think when they in his Lectures to Young Men says: We can say: “Oh, I went to college”, everymust endeavour to inspire every calling body ought to respect them a little more in life with an honest ambition for intel- than other mortals not so favoured, ligence. The prizes of ambition are ad- no matter whether they learned anyvancement, fame and honor. To attain thing when they were at school or not. these a person must work hard, a stu- Your success does not depend on the dent must spend many long hours with number of years you attended college, his books in diligent and thoughtful but on what you accomplished there, study. , The calling of a student is to and on what use you are going to make study. No matter, whether he is study- of it in the future.

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Literary. ft narrow escape.

Let fate do her best, there are moments ofjoy, Bright dreams of the past, which we cannot destroy; Which come in the nighttime of sorrow and care, And bring back the features that joy used to wear.

Moore.

every da}r. The school-house was about a mile from our home just across the river. When I went to school I always walked along the railroad-track, which near our house. The two banks When I was about fourteen }'ears of passed t . age -we lived in the beautiful Mississippi °f the rl7e.r were connected by a long valley just on the banks of the river near n^yr°w bridge, which was over half a the city of Clinton. It was a very nice ™llel°n£' One spring morning early in place near the river. Often I sat on the 1for s?J10C)1 somewhat t, i , .. , ., earliei than usual. It had stormed all banks watching a steamer as it came „ight and it had rained mllch. sailing down the river. I went to school When I came to the long bridge I first

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looked around to see if there was a train going to break down, when the enormcoming, but I could see nothing. There ous weight of the engine rolled along was no train due till just before nine over my head. But when the engine oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;clock. I walked on slowly till I came came just above my head some glowing near the middle of the bridge. I thought it was early yet so I sat down to watch cinders fell on my head and hands and I branches and young trees as they came had to let go. I could not hold fast any floating along. I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know how long longer and down I came with a splash I sat there, but all at once I was roused into the water. The swift current took by a shrill whistle. I jumped up and me along at a terrible rate and I was looked around. There was the grim quite a distance from the bridge when I engine just coming puffing around the came up to see daylight again. I was a corner and I in the middle of the bridge, good swimmer but had never been in At first I was so dumfounded that I did such a stream before. I paddled with not know what to do. I could not run my tired limbs with all my might to back, neither could I get over before the keep above water, which I managed to train would catch me, for the train was do most of the time till I got hold of a no half a mile away. large limb. Still it was very hard work, My first impulse was to jump into the my wet clothes being a great hinderance. water. I had often jumped from quite The current took me along this way a height into the water, but when I for quite a distance, till I came around looked down and saw the surging mass the bend where the river was much of water below flowing at a terrific broader. I now let go of the limb and speed, for the fallen rain had swelled the tried to swim ashore which I reached river so that it was nearly full to the after a long desperate struggle. Two top of its banks, I changed my plan, or three times I nearly sank exhausted The train was coming nearer and nearer, to the bottom. It was a struggle for whistling for me to get out of the way, life or death, the thought of which made but how could I ? I could not stand at me last longer than I could have had it the side, for the bridge was too narrow, been otherwise.

At last I reached the shore and crawled The train was slackening up speed, as they always do when the}*- cross a large to the top of a large sand-bank, where bridge, and I waited till the engine had I dropped exhausted to the ground. I went to sleep and did not wake up till reached the bridge.

I had heard of men saving themselves late in the afternoon. I was lying in the by hanging down below bridges, hold- sun and when I awoke, I found myself ing fast to the ties. Why should not I nearly dry but was very hungry. I did do this! In a minute I was down on not dare to let my parents know what my knees crawling through between had happened, how near I had been to two ties and hung there, the water rush- getting drowned. I went home, I found ing along about twenty feet below me. out the folks had gone to town and had It seemed like an age before the train not come back yet, so I changed clothes came now. At last she came. My arms quickly, ate a hearty meal and then bewere getting tired, but I was bound that gan to do the chores. No one ever found I would hold fast till the train got by. out where I had been all that day, but I The train was approaching nearer and was more careful after this whenever I nearer and it seemed as if the bridge was crossed the old railroad bridge.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

the German and tbe German-flmerican-

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JT has been more or less customary in Germany, among the better classes of people, to consider America “the dumping ground of Europe’s refuse population.” Only those Germans come to our country that are unable to accomplish anything at home. If a man has done something disreputable, all that is left for him to do is either to commit suicide or to seek his fortune on the other side of the water. We cannot gainsay the fact that some of our German immigrants do belong to this class, but most of them are doubtless honest, sturdy, energetic people, that came over because they believed there was a better outlook for them in this country than in their native land.

That we may be fully aware of what the Germans do for our life and our countiy, it is necessary first to consider some of their characteristics with which we meet in their own country. As a natural consequence of militarism and monarchial rule we find one of the most prominent features of a German at home to be his regard for law and order. It is easy for him to comply to police sur­ veillance, as indeed his whole life is un­ der its supervision and direction. And it is mainly for this regard that Germany, its government and its people, is least politically corrupt of all nations in Europe.

The German is industrious. He is patient and persevering. He will not stop working at a thinguntil it is finished. Perhaps lie might have been unlucky in choosing an occupation, but after he has once engaged in it, he will stick to it until he has become master of it. Every workman and mechanic must go through a long and often tedious course of initiatory training, the Lehrjahxe, before he can go into business for

himself. It has been said that the coramon German workman is uneducated, But this is not the case. It has been proved again and again by statistics that Germany has the least number of illiterates within its bounds. And indeed the German means and systems of education are considered the best in the world.

Another of their commendable qualities is honesty. Ein Mann, cin Wort, is the German saying, that is, a simple word is just as valid as a written contract.

Finally, the Germans arc a healthy, sturdy race. Their bodies are well built and vigorous. They are still great ath­ letes and their country is the cradle of many of our gymnasium theories and appliances. r Besides these laudable features of the Germans, there are some that arc not so desirable. Among the latter we first find them to be of a somewhat rough and boisterous nature. Taken as a whole, there is perhaps no nation in all western Europe that wants more grace and gentleness. The better classes among them have indeed a certain ele­ gance and polish, but the common working-man, though at heart a good fellow, excels in unnecessary and bluster­ ing noise.

The Germans also have a slight inclin­ ation to be petty and small. We can see this most in their social and business life. The}' stick to their rights with so much pertinacity, and are always in a state of fear that these may be disregarded, that it is almost impossible for them to overlook small things.

These are the most prominent features 0f a German, when he comes to our country. But these characteristics are modified and changed, as he comes into connection with our life and habits.

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THE BLACK AND RED. When the immigrant first sets his foot upon our soil, he feels that he is now a. free man. He is no more encumbered with the fetters that bound him in his old home. One man is as good as anoth­ er. This sudden change would perhaps have a bad effect upon him, if he would not retain some of his submissiveness that he was wont to have in his own country. He obeys our laws, tries to comply to our rules, and we seldom find him to be a vulgar rowdy like the ordinary Irishman. By and by he becomes more independent, lie thinks, reasons and acts more for himself and on his own responsibility.

After a lapse of several years, and especially in the second generation, we can notice a decided moral and intellectual improvement; but physically the German-Americans have degenerated, They have no more the strength and general good health that they possessed in their former home. It sometimes hap­ pens that they grow less industrious, less thorough and painstaking, but these traits are only of minor importance.

What is most striking is the ease with which the German-American “go back

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on their nationality”. No other people jn the world gives up its nationality as quickly as do the Germans. Yes, Ger­ man children born in this country are often ashamed of their mother-tongue and refuse even to learn it. It is evident that in the course of time they must adopt themselves to our customs and institutions, but this does not say that they must throw off their nationality, w;th so many commendable qualities, ancj must neglect their language and reijgion.

Let us now cast a glance on what the Germans have done for us. They have helped to develop the resources of our country. Many of the immigrants are skilled mechanics and artisans, and the demand for them is continually increasing. Employers are always morewilling to accept German workmen, than those of other nationalities, German immigration has for the last few years been on the deeline; let us hope that it may again increase. Let us consider it as a blessing to our country, and let us always acknowledge everything that German labor has done among us.

guba. ’^^HEN Cuba, “The Pearl of the Antilles,” was assigned a place upon the earth, nature must have been in a generous mood. No other laud can boast of a more perfect combination of mountains and rivers, of forests and plains. She enjoys a delightful climate and her verdure-clad hills may be seen at all seasons of the year. The mountain scenery is such that every tourist is impressed with its grandeur.

Geographically, Cuba is situated between meridians 74? and 85 west of Greenwich. In latitude it extends about

20 south and 23 degrees north of the equator. The island was a scene of strife for centuries after it was discovered by Columbus. For the nations were jealous of the great riches which were to be won from the natives who inhabited it. But through centuries of Spanish misrule and oppression the island has now reached a low station. Its capital is Havana with a population of 200,000. This city is nearly three centuries old.

The source of Cuba’s wealth is the fertility of her soil. Tremendous quantities

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of sugar and tobacco are raised every year. The yield of sugar in 1894—95. was over a million tons. Her soil is of such a nature that the cane reproduces itself without the necessity^ of resowing, for ten, fifteen and even twenty years.

The greatest sugar plantations lie in the Yuelta Arriba region. Tobacco is raised in largest quantities in the western part of the island. Statistics show that dur­ ing the last year 240,000 bales were ex­ ported. Santiago province is thickly covered with coffee and cocoa planta­ tions. Maize and sweet potatoes are raised in every part of the island. It also abounds in rich iron and manganese mines. The Juragua is the oldest and largest company. Its total output is controlled by the Bethlehem Ironworks, the Pennsylvania Steel Company, and the Maryland Steel Company. The maximum monthly output is 40,000 tons. Siboney is the principal shipping port.

Of the 35,000,000 acres of land ten millions are covered with forests. They abound in various kinds of wood, espe­ cially in mahogany, rosewood, and cedar. Great quantities of lancetspar are yearly exported to the United States, where it is used for the manufacture of block sheaves and balls used in bowling alleys.

The island possesses a central moun­ tain chain, extending from Guardiana to Cape Maysi and then leading around to the south and west to Cape Cruz.

Although the mountains are not very high, they enclose beautiful valleys and cascades. They are formed of metamorphic rocks and are covered with a layer of calcareous material. The principal mountain peaks are the '‘Bulls” Eye and the “Pico Torquino.” Near Baracoa is the famous “El Gunque de Baracoa”, which has the shape of a truncated cone. At the present day there are

no active volcanoes on the island.

Rivers Cuba has but few. The most important is the Canto, which flows westward in the province of Santiago.

This river is navigable for about fifty miles. At its mouth is a treacherous bar that was shifted in 1616 by a heavy flood, imprisoning many vessels, one being a Spanish man-of-war. Another river which is historically interesting is the Maxime. At its mouth Columbus is said to have embarked in 1492.

Lakes also are very rare. The largest is Ariguanabo, near Havana. Its surface is about six square miles and it has a depth of thirty feet. On the southern coast are marshy tracts, known as “cienagas.”

Some of the finest scenery is found in the valle3r of the Gumuri river. The journey leads over a winding trail up a steep hill, until, after a continuous climb of an hour and a half, the road turns around a grass}' precipice. The beauti­ ful valley lies ahead. Another marked feature are the caves. The “Bellama Cave” is the most interesting. It is two hundred feet in length and seventy feet in width. There is no light within but that of a few lanterns. Yet one can see the millions of crystals and thou­ sands of weird forms. One of the most beautiful objects in the cave is the “Fountain of Snow,” a name given to one of the great pillars.

The future of Cuba Is limitless in its possibilities. It is near our shores and is readily accessible. Our vessels can sail from Key West to Cuba in a few hours. Her destiny is left to us. It re­ mains for America to make it one of the garden spots of the earth. A. A., ’02.

Oh! What a glory doth this world put on, For him who, with a fervent heart, goes forth Under the bright and glorious sk}r, and looks On duties well performed and days well spent!

Longfellow.

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Elbcrty, ^HE struggle between Liberty and its truth, but they are not infallible. If Authority is the most conspicuous the opinion is right, they are deprived of feature in the portions of history with the opportunity of exchanging error for which we are earliest familiar, particu- truth; if wrong, they lose, what is larly in that of Greece, Rome, and Eng- nearty as great a benefit, the clearer perland. But the struggle in old times was ception of the truth. To call any probetween the subjects and the govern- position certain while there is some one ment. By liberty was meant protection who, if permitted, would deny it ceragainst the tyranny of the rulers. In tainly, is to assume that we ourselves time, however, this struggle was ended are the judges of certainty, and a democratic republic came to occu­ The saying, that truth may justifipy a large portion of the earth’s surface, ably be persecuted because persecution Now the struggle between the individual cannot possibly do it any harm, is one and the majority, or those who succeed of those falsehoods which are assumed in making themselves accepted as the true, but which all experience refutes, majority, began. Therefore protection History is filled with instances of truths against this class is needed. put down by persecution. If not supBut now the question arises where to pressed forevc*, it may be thrown back place the limit. One principle may be for centuries. For example, the Reforlaid down as entitled to govern all the mation broke out many times before dealings of society with the individual. Luther, but was constantly suppressed.

That principle is self-protection. That It is not that truth has some power the only purpose for which power can which error does not possess, but that rightfully be exercised over any person an opinion may be extinguished many against his will is to prevent harm to times until some person rediscovers it in others. He cannot be compelled to do a time more favorable to escape persecuor forbear doing something because it tion, until it is spread so far as to withwill make him happier, although, to do stand all subsequent attempts to supso, appears to others wise and right, press it. t These are good grounds for reasoning A right that is equally as indispenswith him or persuading him, but not for able as freedom of opinion, is the liberty compelling him. In those things which of doing as we like so long as what we only concern himself, his independence do, does our fellow creatures no harm, is absolute. Over his own bod}' and Of course actions cannot be as free as mind, the individual is supreme ruler. opinions, Acts which without justifiOf course we are not speaking of children able cause do harm to others must be or human beings who have not yet controlled by interference of mankind. reached maturity.

Thus far liberty must be limited. But, Social Liberty, or liberty of the indi- if a person does not molest others and vidual comprises inward domain of con- merely acts according to his own judgesciousness and liberty of thought or ment in things which concern himself, opinion. An opinion cannot rightfully he should be allowed to carry his opinbe suppressed by authority, because that ions into practice at his own cost, opinion may possibly be true. Those For example, if a public officer sees a who desire to suppress it, of course, deny person attempting tQ cross a bridge

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which had been ascertained to be unsafe, the world. Why is it not to-day ? Be­ he has no right to prevent him from do­ cause they have succeeded beyond all ing so. He may warn him of the danger, hope in making the people all alike, and but cannot stop him. For no one but these are the fruits thereof.

How can this evil be prevented ? This the person can judge if his duty requires can be warded off by individuality. That him to run the risk or not.

It is toward progress that all strive. is, giving everyone freedom to think and But how long does progress continue ? act as he deems best and not forcing all to adopt one idea as correct, if thev It continues until the people cease to think otherwise. Therefore everyone possess individuality. This is cleari}* seen must have liberty of opinion and free­ in the example of China. This country dom to carry it out into action.

A. L. S. ’02. was once one of the leading nations of

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JJY the treaty with Spain in the year 1898 the United States came into possession of Puerto Rico, one of the most valuable islands of the Antilles group. The island was discovered by Columbus in 1493 and had remained a colony of Spain ever since then. It is situated about seventy miles east of Hayti between 17° 50'and 18° 30' north latitude and 65° 35' and 67° 10' west longitude. The shape of it is that of an irregular parallelogram 108 miles long and 37miles wide. In the southern part a mountain range, whose average height is 2000 feet, the highest peak being El Yunque3600 feet high, crosses it. There are traces of gold, copper, and iron in the range, but systematic effort has never been made towards the exploita­ tion of paying veins.

By this range of mountains two plains are formed. The southern is the smaller, which is often visited by long droughts.

Irrigation is used, but to no great ex­ tent. The northern plain is considerably larger than the southern and. as Puerto Rico lies in the path of the trade-winds, it almost has a superabundance of rain.

Here the natural vegetation is very lux­ uriant. We find the thick, impenetrable forest of the tropical zone in the valleys

and on the lower mountain slopes, while farther up there arc the trees of our climate. Mahogany, rosewood, ebony, and logwood are some of the valuable trees. Beside these bananas, cocoa-nuts, and all fruits of a hot climate grow na­ tive.

Of wild animal life the forests, contra­ ry to what one might expect, have little.

Neither are there any poisonous serpents, but pestiferous insects, as tarantulas, centipedes, scorpions, and especially mosquitos, supply this deficiency in a marked measure.

The climate of Puerto Rico is consid­ ered the most healthful of any island in the Antilles. The heat is much less than in Cuba, the thermometer never rising above ninety degrees. The rainy north and the droughty south with the lift of land from the low seashores to the cen­ tral slopes, under the tropical sun, with the influence of the great ocean give a wonderful and charming variety of temperature. For this reason the island is much sought for by summer resorters.

The sultry, moist air of the lowlands, and the fresh, invigorating air of the up­ lands make the cultivation of many varieties of crops possible. In this island, as in most of the West Indies,

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THE BLACK AND RED, sugar is king. In the treatment of this product the lack of capital is sadly felt, The planters used until now only the most primitive machinery, but since Uncle Sam has hold of it there are great hopes that this sad state of affairs will change to a better one. Next to sugar tobacco comes. This is planted on a large scale and the celebrated Cuban tobacco has a strong rival in the produce of Puerto Rico. Coffee has found a favorable climate and soil here and the coffee industry is likely to develop rapidty. Rice, pine-apples, and oranges are also cultivated extensively.

In density and prosperity of its population Puerto Rico ranks first in the West Indies. The census of 1898 shows the number of inhabitants to be 813,937, of which over 300,000 are negroes, This is the only country of tropical America where the number of whites excccd that of other races. Spanish descent is predominant, and as in all countries where the Spanish element rules, the people are slow, fond of ease, but hospitable. The lower class is il, 1 ., ,. . t literate, public education having been grievously neglected. The main occupation of the people is agriculture,

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Negroes are mostly employed on the plantations.

The coast line of Puerto Rico is dotted by a number of most flourishing cities.

Among these Ponce is the most important. It is a well fortified city of about 47,000 inhabitants. It has all the modern improvements, such as a perfectly equipped fire department, public library, gasworks, parks, etc. Its harbor is splendid, allowing ships of great draft to enter. Seventy miles northeast of Ponce the capital, San Juan, lies. This is a perfect specimen of a walled town, being protected by several batteries.

The population numbers 28,000. There is but little manufacturing, and it is of small importance. Some of these are a refinery of the Standard Oil Company, match factory, and electric works.

The exports of the island consist mainly in sugar, tobacco, rice, and cabinet woods. In 1896 the total export amounted to $18,341,430, which is one half more than that of the British island Jamaica, which is much larger. .

QPonTce a ma.CadamiZed road leads to San Juan. This is so excellently built that a rccent traveler in the island says a bicycle corps could go over it without dismounting.

Uolkcrkunde und $dtfdelm?irung.

J)IE Anwendung der Schadelmessung auf die Einteilung derVolker ist von Paul Ehrenreich widerlegt worden, von welcherWiderlegung unsMaxBuchner eine Darstellung gibt in der Beilage zur Allgemeincn Zeitung, welche in Miinchen herausgegeben wird. Paul Ehrenreich ist durch eigene Enttauschung in dera Studium der Schadelmessung zu der Einsicht des lrrtums gekommen. Anzeichen dafur, dass diese Forschungsmethode endlich zusammenbrechen miis-

se, sind schon langc da gewesen, und doch ware es schon, wenn sich ein so genauerEinteilungsgrundfiir dieMenschen finden liesse, wie es bei den Tieren der Fall ist. Um diesen zu erlangen, wurde der Schadel hergenomraen und mit dem Tasterzirkel umtastet, die Masse wurde in eine mathematische Formel gebracht, und das Nationale desMenschen war festgestellt. Sogar die ganze Begabung und die Sinnesart des Menschen sollte der Tasterzirkel enthiillen. An

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THE BLACK AND RED.

Zweiflem fehlte es gleich im Anfang wordcn, da kam auf einmal die Frage nicht, und wenn die Schadelgelehrten auf: ,,Sind denn diese auch richtig gevon ihnen angegangen wurden zuzeigen, messen und nach einem allgemeinen was sie mit deni Tasterzirkel machen Schema, damit die Zalilcn vergleichbar konnten, so misslang es meistens. Aber sind? Dieses war vergessen worden. Da sie blieben dennoch dabei, denn es war kam man im Jahre 1882 zusammen, um eine beliebte Beschaftigung geworden, sich zu einigen, aberFranzosen und Eng­ da es docli etwas Wissenschaftliches war, lander blieben zuriick, und auch die Vcrzu erfahren, was fur Schadel wir selber, sammelten brachten es zu keinem besonunsere Nacbbarn, unsere Freunde und dcren Erfolge. Das Schema, Welches sie unsere Feinde besassen. Weiter, welches aufgestellt hatten, war so schlecht defidie schonsten und die edelsten Schadel niert, dass niemand es reclit verstehen jedes Volkes und jeder Nation waren, konnte. Auch waren die Schadel gclchrwar auch interessant. Indem man dazu ten in ihreu Argumenten im ganzen nicht die Schadel der Alten aus den Grabern deutlich, sie redeten dunkelgelehrt und hervorholte, konnte man dabei ahnend sagten vorsichtig nicht viel, da sic doch die Zeiten durchdenken in der Richtung merkten, dass der Boden auf dem sic des Urnichts des Daseins,, wo noch die standen, wcich sei. Ein gutes Beispiel schonsten Probleme schlummcrn, das davon ist die Arbeit von R. Krause iiber Affentum in retrospektiver Selbster- die Knochcn der Siidseevolker. Hierin gesteht cr zu Anfang, dass man von der kenntnis.

Fiir die genealogische Frage aber blie­ Schadelform auf die Rasse des Volkes ben die Schadel ungefallig, namentlich nicht schliessen konne. Aber im Laufe die europaischen Schadel blieben gerade- seiner Schadelbeschreibung kommt er zu widerspenstig, denn dieses Zentrum auf Dinge, dicilin wiederzu deinSchlusse der Menschheit war zu selir gemisclit. fuhren: ,,Das Skelctt des Mensclicn Deshalb ging man zu den wilden Vol- und besonders der Schadel sind diejenikem. Aber auch hier waren lange und gen Bestandteile dcs Korpers, welche kurze Schadel, und auch diese waren ge- am konstantesten den Typus der Rasse mischt. Da man aber die Mischungen festhalten.“ Wie schwer es ist in dieser zwischcn den Volkem und Rassen docli Sache bei der Logik zu bleiben, hat Vir­ erkennen wollte, kam man auf die Mit- chow bewiesen, indem er sagt, dass wir telzahlen. Auch wollte man fur jedes Kelten, Slaven und Germanen nicht ein­ Volk einen Musterschadel haben, die ex- mal zu unterscheiden vermogen, haben tremen Formen wirkten ja nur storend, aber die viel weiter getrennten Rassen und sie verschwanden auch angenehm noch nicht unterschieden, was doch hatte vorausgehen sollen, da es ja viel unter den Mittelzahlen. leichter ist.

Durch das Zusammenstellen der mathematischen Formeln war man zu dem Deshalb traten Reforinatoren auf, die Schadelindex gekommen, nach welchem das logisch Uurichtige in der Sache erdie Menschheit eingeteilt war in Doli- kannten und erklarten, dass der Schadel cho-, Meso- und Brachykephalen, die ein geometrisclies Gebilde sei. Der erste drei Schadelklassen. Aber eine Differenz suchtc die Konstruktionsgesetze in Bovon einem Millimeter in den Messungen genberechnungen und in Triangulierunkonnte einen Schadel Yon einem Teile gen, wozu er ungeheuerkostbare Instrumente gebrauchte. Torok fand eine solin den andem bringen.

Zuletzt waren viele Schadel gemessen che Masse von Massen, dass gar keiu

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THE BLACK AND RED. praktischer Wert in seiner Erfindung war. Ja es war die Moglichkeit vorhanden, dass der nachste, welcher denselben Fortschrittsgedanken liatte, die Masse noch vermehrte, und so zuletzt fiir jeden Schadel ein eigner Schadelmesser notig ware. Diese beiden Reform atoren wurden von den andern nur verspottet und verlacht.

Es war alles weitcr niclits als eine Reihe von Enttauscliungen, wic sic Ehrenrcich cbenfalls erlcbt hatte. Man mass in alien Volkern und in alien Landern, abcr immcr kam man zu dem Resultate, dass es in jedem Volke gcwohn-

liche und ungewohnliche Schadel gebe.

Die Schadel waren fiir eine genealogische Ordnung nicht zu brauchen. Man hatte naralich deshalb so viel Gewicht darauf gelegt, weil das Skelett die sichtbare und greifbarste Spur von gewesenen Volkern ist, Dariiber hatte man die Weichteile des menschlichen Korpers vergessen. Warum sollten aber die Scha­ del unverandert durch Geschlechter und Jahrtausende gehen, da doch die andern Formen stets wechseln? Denn es ist der Solan nie gcrade so wie der Vater, auch hat es nie zwei ganz identische Zwillinge gegeben.

F. Z. ’01.

(Schluss folgt.)

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Societies. jm Day. rplIE idea to have a field day in con­ nection with the commencement exercises is by no means a new one. It has been contemplated for 3rears, but owing to the deplorable conditions of athletics at this institution, no further impulse to that end was given. Finally in a meeting of the Junior class in Feb­ ruary the first steps to that effect were taken. A committee was appointed con­ sisting of three members of the Junior class and of one delegate from each of the societies that are to take part. Up­ on request of the committee a mass meeting was called and the promise for the necessary support by the student body was given. The program is now in preparation. The will to assist the committee is manifest. It yet remains

that even' one does his part and success will surely be with us. Practice is to begin immediately after the Easter holi­ days.

Special Notice: All those students who wish to take part in the field day exercises are requested to apply to Mr. John Pieper.

military notes. "p^XTENSIVE work in drilling was carried on during the winter term and the facts give evidence that the re­ sults obtained are favorable. Owing to the fact that the company disposed of the bayonet exercises last fall, great stress has been laid upon the manual of arms, company evolutions, and exten-

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ded order drill. It was however deemed advisable to take up some of the bayo­ net exercises at the end of the winter term, and therefore the main parts of them have been practiced during the last month. This change in the plan of the procedure has not only enabled the officers of the drill to do more thorough work in general, but it has also given them time and opportunity to pay due attention to a number of things, which on account of lack oftime, have hitherto usually been omitted.

Since November drilling took place in the gymnasium five times a week, and as soon as the weather permits the company will again drill on the spacious campus.

Complying with the wish of the com­ mittee on field day exercises, the cap­ tain has agreed upon having an exhibi­ tion drill and a sham battle at the end of the school year. This ought to stim­ ulate every member of the military com­ pany to yet more vigorous an zealous work so that this enterprise will prove a success.

Of late the sendee stripe has been in­ troduced into our company.

Since Christmas the company has in­ vested in a number of military text­ books, all of the U. S. regulation. These books are in charge of the quartermas­ ter’s department and may be read by any member who calls for them.

A firing squad has also been appoin­ ted this year. This squad consisting of veteran privates of our company, has the duty to serve as funeral escort and escort of honor, and in general answers all such calls, which our company in toto cannot answer.

Truth, crushed to earth, shall rise again; The eternal years of God are hers; But Error, wounded, writhes with pain, And dies among her worshipers.

Bryant.

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notes on Cuming Society* jyCJRIXG the winter month the gym­ nasium has daity been opened to our turners. The roll call of the society comprised nearly sixty members, and these were divided into three classes each of which received a turning lessson weekly. Allthough we have no “star turners” still the progress made by the society in general can be reported as being satisfactory.

We regret however, that there are so many students at present, who partake of no bodity exercise at all. And even some who do actually belong to the turning society never make use of the gymnasium except during regular hours.

Boys, this is not the way to keep the necessary societies and sports flourish­ ing at our institution.

According to a motion passed in the last meeting regular turning will be dis­ continued after Easter. As the society intends to appear on a programme which is being arranged for field-day^ an examination will shortly be given and men out of each class selected to represeut their class in the work it has done during the 3'ear. The men chosen for this purpose are expected to go into hard practice immediately after Easter, and must continue regular training un­ til commencement.

The following officers have been elected for the spring term: Pres. F. Zarling; Vice-Pres. J. Pieper; Treas. H. Luebke; Secretary G. Hinnentlial; Keeper of the Arsenal Theo. H. Schroedel.

Baseball. f£HF last signs of winter have disap­ peared and the campus is no more covered with a white veil. As we look at it we cannot help but think of the great football victories that were

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THE BLACK AND RED. achieved on it last fall. The baseball season is at hand and all students seem to take a lively interest in the national game. Thus far four teams have been organized, the Concordia, Black and Reds, Badgers and the Winners. Un­ doubtedly some very interesting games will again be played between the different teams.

Mr. Robert Wolff, manager of the Concordias, has received an offer from the manager of the Concordia College team, Fort Wayne, Ind., to compete for the interscholastic championship. The teams representing Concordia College, Fort Wayne, Ind.; Concordia College, Milwaukee, Wis.; Lutheran Teacher’s Seminary, Addison, 111.; Northwestern University, "Watertown, Wis., were to meet at Addison on June 4th and 5th, but owing to financial difficulties we were obliged to decline the offer.

A. A. ’02.

chapel, although for brass music a larger hall would perhaps be better. Every student should give his assistance to this undertaking in order to make it a success.

Betfta Rfeo.

QN Saturday evening, March 31, the Beta Rho Literary Society held its meeting in thd college chapel. The coliege orchestra played in the intervals between the numbers of the programme wnicli was as follows : Essay: Andrew Jackson and the National Bank.

Mr. Theo. M. Ave' Lallcmand.

Music: Angel’s Serenade:............... Braga.

Golden Crown Overture.Herman.

Orchestra.

Declamation : Horatius........ Macaulay.

Mr. G. Hinncnthal.

Music: Cavalleria Rusticana..Mascagni.

Schumann.

Traumerei Orchestra.

Recitation: Marguerite....

Band and Orchestra. ^S the prospects arc now, the idea of having a concert will ultimately be realized; the faculty gave its consent, so it is left to the band and orchestra to carry out the idea. The two societies had a joint meeting a few da3'S ago and fixed the date on May 11. No definite programme has been arranged as yet, but the committee to whom the work has been entrusted is confident of securing numbers to make up an excellent programme. To those furnished by the orchestra and band several other selections have been added, and perhaps there .are still some among us who are willing to lend a helping hand for a good cause. As to the place, the memmers of the faculty, b«, whose decision the committee will have to abide, seems to be in favor of our spacious college

Whittier.

Miss C. Notz.

Music: Funeral March...............Chopin.

Summer Evening Waltz......

Waldteufel.

Orchestra.

Imperialism,

Speech: Mr. J. Moussa.

Music: Gloria in Excelsis

Mozart.

Orchestra.

After the programme had been rendered the election of officers for the next term took place with the following result, Pres., Mr. J. Moussa; Vice-Pres., Miss Cornelia Notz; Sec., Mr. A. Arndt; Treas., Mr. R. Buerger. The next meeting will be held April 21. The programme which will be rendered is as follows : Mr. Edw. Buerger.

Speech...... ......... Mr. M. Notz.

Recitation __Mr. H. Haase.

Essay.......

Mr. A. Hoenecke.

Recitation Declamation...Mr. Rob. Ave'Lallemand,

THE BLACK AND RED.

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William Bublitz, ’03, is studying medi­ cine at Windsor college, Windsor, Ohio.

Miss A. Kocli, ’03, is reading Virgil with the Sophomores.

Christian Sauer paid a visit to his parents in Juneau, Sunday, April 1.

Henry Haase, ’01, has been teaching school at Ixonia for Mr. A. Roeck, ’98, who has been ill for some time. We wish him a speedy recovery.

The Orchestra enjoys the melodious tones of a new Kramer piano, which Mr. Trachte has so liberally put to their dis­ posal.

A number of students were pleasantly entertained at the home of Prof, and Mrs. J. Gamm on March 17.

The orchestra is having the good for­ tune of having Prof. Weimar with them as cellist.

The Junior class completed Hebrew syntax; having done the required amount of work, they may receive credit for the last term.

Otto Keller, ’04, was surprised at col­ lege April 2nd by a number of friends from Oak Grove.

J. Guse, ’00, was called home April 3.

On Friday, March SO, a large audience gathered at the new High school to hear Prof. Edwin Sparks from the Chicago University, who gave his last lecture of a series of six on ‘‘The men who made the Nation.” After the lecture a large number of pictures were shown by the aid of our college stereopticon, which was operated by Dr. J. H. Ott.

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E. Ph. Dornfeld, ’04, left for his home in Kenosha, March 31; after the Easter vacation he will take up his course again.

Louis Hillemann, ’05, has abandoned his studies and returned to his home at Cape Girardean, Mo. August’ Bartz, ’05, returned March 20, to take up his course again, after staying home for some time to recuper­ ate from his late illness.

W. F. Luebcke, ’03, was called home March 28, on account of his fathers being ill.

E. Lange, ’05, was summoned home to the death-bed of his father. He re­ turned March 31.

The Misses Josie and Althea Heilmann and Sarah Pankow were visitors at col­ lege to their cousin Harry Luebcke, ’01, on April 3d.

George Frank, formerly a member of class ’02, was graduated from the Mil­ waukee Dental School on April 3. All friends at the North Western wish him success in his new career.

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Base Ball!

Veni, vidi, vici; Veni, vidi, victus sum; Veni, vidi, vinctus sum.—Luke.

MacHeel (in a midnight reverie) : 4‘0, what a wonderful thing it is to get mar­ ried !”

The streets were wet and muddy, yet we could see dusty roads (Rh-des) on the way to college every day.

“The Kingfishers seem to be a rather exclusive set.”

“You mean excluded, dont you ?”

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THE BLACK AND RED. Kelly (looking at the band picture): “You can’t see my sword!”

Wanted and badly needed by some students : a little sense of propriety.

Prof. : “Was heisst Gallus als Volkername?”

Student: “Der Hahn.”

Nandie: “I think I had better give up fly catching and go duck hunting.”

We wonder why : Ben is trying to organize a serenading party, Ebie and Dago weren’t in it, Some boys are taking such interest in gymnastic exercises of late, Deacon made gestures, Lord’s opinions were so generously applauded,

J. A. : At home we have an annual bazar every two years.

The K. of P. T. have apparently disbanded and formed another association the name of which is as yet unknown.

Some years ago to college sped A lad, you know him well ; From North he came, for so he said, To learn, read, write and spell.

When the game was half o’er And the chances were by, Japs ran to town And ordered a — jjie.

Although lie first seemed rather coy, Yet well did he succeed, For there’s no other college boy Who has such jobs, indeed.

His cell lie owns. Wc may presume, In class lie’s wondrous wise.

He’s monarch in his sleeping room, Though sometimes slow to rise.

They say he's found a job below Where boys their toilet make; And we have heard the rumor go That he the lawn shall rake.

May he succeed in his career, Who knows no peer as yet; Most true, when he has left us here, Him ne’er we shall forget.

Address all baseball challenges to “Pete Cronje,” Highway, No. 28.

“Don” escaped with a black eye.

Say, Doc, how do they play chess in London ?

Someone, of late called deacon, is in doubt about the origin of that title.

Freshman : Aritlimatic was stale, Algebra made me yawn, Geometry makes me pale, Trig ’ll make me gone.

We are still being favored with an oc­ casional soul-stirring cornet solo by the gifted artist in No. S.

Next is a playing by the orchestra.

Many were the hearts that were weary wishing to receive a bid.

Nice weather to-day, hem-ha—hem.

In spite of the abundant length of his nether extremities, “Shorty” was dis­ tanced in the race and consequently failed to “cut N— out” that night.

Who got that friendship heart ?

We wonder whether that olfactory organ has returned to its normal state again out of which it had been thrown by the scrimmage on Highway.

A little more assiduous practice on part of those who are to take part in the programme on May 11 would be very desirable.

To hear “Lord” play that new cadence with those beautiful slurs, is a rare musical treat.

Where was Dr. Quartz seen Saturday night ?

The last meeting of the select crowd : The meeting was called to order by the president; there being no other business on hand, the society adjourned.

Sport “Undoubtedly”: mustard attainable ?”

“Any more

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THE BLACK AND RED.

For fine photos call on No. 18, Mid­ way Plaisance. The photographer has disposed of his old camera with the but­ ton and is now in practice squeezing the small rubber ball attached to his new more elaborate machine.

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Dago on the way to Main street: Oh! I broke my crease and spoilt my shine.

Easter eggs, holiday cakes and hot lunches at No. 28, High St.

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How many square feet in an acre ?

One of Newsy’s.

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exchanges.

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We are glad to add The Souvenir from the Scarritt Collegiate Institute to our list of Exchanges. Owing to its late arrival The Souvenir has not as yet re­ ceived our careful consideration. The editorial department of the paper is well edited. In the first editorial the writer calls attention to the fact, that in every college as a rule there is a number of students who bear an aversion to mathematics. He then goes on to tell of the importance of this study. “Mathe­ matics,” he writes, “is the foundation upon which all scientific works arc built.

It strengthens and develops the mind, and thereby facilitates the study of lan­ guages and other classical works. With­ out a good mathematical education we can never expect to rise very high in in­ tellectual work, for without mathematics we can never penetrate the depths of philosophy; without philosophy we can never penetrate the depths of mathe­ matics; without the two we can never get to the bottom of anything.” We heartily agree with you in your views.

The High School News from St. Louis is also one of the new arrivals.

It is a bright looking paper and brim full of school notes.

The March number of the Wofford College Journal publishes book re­ views on “Richard Carvel”, “Hugh Wynne”, and “David Harum,” all of which are handled well. We must say, however, that we had a difficult time in finding our way through these reviews as a result of a sad “mix-up” in this part of the Journal. Besides several able attempts at fiction we find in this paper a short article entitled “Poe as a Writer of the Short Tale.” It is interest­ ing and original.

The Stylus for March is altogether a well gotten up issue. The exchange column is especially strong and vigorous.

The R. M. T. S. Register of this month contains an article “The Railway Mail”, which will doubtless prove in­ teresting to many of its readers.

The Smithsonian Institute at Wash­ ington will shortly possess the most rapid camera in the world. It is de­ signed to take a successful negative with an exposure of one six-hundreth of a second, and it is hoped that this may be increased so that a negative may be ob­ tained in one thousandth of a second.— Ex. A number of young American college men have been chosen by the authorities of the Paris Exposition to act as guides, interpreters and guards at the exposi­ tion grounds. Most of the young men have already sailed for Paris to become acquainted with their duties. Among the colleges represented are : Harvard, Cornell, Chicago, Oberlin, and Michi­ gan.—Ex.

the black and red.

The largest library in the world is the National Library at Paris. Its shelves cxtcnd forty miles, and contain one million four hundred thousand books.—Ex.

21

Wisconsin, Collection of the State Historical Society of. Ed. and Annotated by Reuben Gold Thwaites, Sec. and Supt. of the Society. Vol. xiv. Publ.

by Authority of Law. Madison 1898.

15x18 cm. xii, 553 pp. 71: 6 v 14.

“When was electricity first used?”

“In the time of Noah.”

“Why, how was that?”

Jahresbericht dcr Geschichtswissen“He made an arc light on Mt. Ararat.” schaft. Hrsg. von, Ernst Berner, xvm.

The belle in the choir often calls more Jahrgang 1895. Berlin 1897. 15x23 voung men to worship than the bell in cm. xyiii, 1, 206; n, 431; m, 328; iv, the church steeple.—Ex. 286. 47: 1 v 3. xix Jahrgang 1896. Ibid 1898. xvm, i, 280; n, 512; m, 317; iv, 352. 47: lv4.

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Library Hccessions.

Columbia Cyclopedia, The. Thirty two Volumes. With Illustrations. Buffalo, N. Y. 12x20 cm. 42: 16 v 1-32.

Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb. Werke I. Der Messias. Erstcr Band. Hrsg.

Cyclopedia Review of Current His­ von Dr. R. Hamel. Berlin und Stuttgart. tory. Edited by Alfred S. Johnson, A. 14x191/2 cm. cxciv, 312 pp. 120: 200, M., Ph. D. Columbian Annual 1893,; 1 v 1. ’94; ’95; ’96. Illustrated. Buffalo, Zwcitcr Band. Hrsg. von Dr. R. Ha­ N. Y. Vol. m, 885 pp. rv, 970 pp. v, mel. Ebd. 448 pp. 120: 200, 1 v 2.

1020 pp. vi, 1000 pp. 42: 16 v 33-36.

Dritter Teil. Oden, Epigramme und geistlichc Lieder. Hrsg. von Dr. R. HaCentury Cyclopedia ofNames. A Promcl. Ebd. xxxv, 262 j p. 120 : 200,nouncing and Etymological Dictionary 1 v3. of Names in Geography, Biography, Yicrter Teil. Klopstock’s “Hermanns Mythology, History, Ethmology, Art, Schlacht” und das Bardenwesen des Archeology, Fiction, etc. Edited by 18. Jahrhunderts. (Denis, Gerstenberg, Benjamin E. Smith, A. M., Managing Krctschmann). Hrsg. von Dr. R. Ha- Editor of the Century Dictionaiy. Publ. mel. a. Ebd. xvm, 387. 120: 200, by the Century Co., New York. Copyr.

1 v 4.

1894. 25x34 cm. vn, 1085 pp. 42:17.

Dictionary oi National Biography.

Columbian Atlas of the World. ConEdited by Sidnc}’ Lee. Vol. liv. Stan- taining large scale colored maps of each hope-Stooni. New York 1898. vi, 446. state and territory in the U. S., provin­ 42: 1 v 54. ces of Canada, every foreign country, Luther, Dr. Martin. Briefwechsel, the Continents and their subdivisions.

Bearbeitet und mit Erlauterungen ver- Accompanied by a Read3r Reference Marsehen von Dr. Th. Ernst Ludwig Enders. ginal Index to every county and the Acliter Band. Briefe vom Juni 1530 bis principal cities and towns in the U. S. April 1531. Calio und Stuttgart, vn, and the provinces, and chief cities of 400. 24,1: 1 v 8. foreign countries. Buffalo, N. Y., 1898.

Dictionary of National Biography. 29x37 cm. 159 pp. 80, 2: 8 c.

Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. lv. StowTa3rlor. New York 1898. 15^x24*4 cm. vi, 486 pp. 42: 1 v 55.

Bclknnap, William W., Proceedings of the Senate Sitting for the Trial of W. W. B., late Secretary of War, on th$

22

THE BLACK AND RED.

Articles of Impeachment exhibited by the House of Representatives, 46. Con­ gress, 1st Session. Washington 1876.

15x23y2 cm. 1166 pp. 69: 38.

Kbakxc Spring, for

Navy, Secretary of the Official Re­ cords of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.

Series I. Volume 6. Atlantic Blockading Squadron from July 16 — Oct. 29,1861.

Atlantic Blockading Squadron from Oct. 29,1861 — March 8,1862. Wash.

1897. 14y2x23y2 cm. xix, 896 pp.

305; 5 v 6.

Black Warrior, Case of, and other Violations of the Rights of American Citizens by Spanish Authorities. Wash.

1854. 14x23y2 cm. 380 pp. 69: 39.

Richardson, James D. A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presi­ dents 1789—1897. Vol. vn. Washing­ ton 1898. 14Vfcx23V& cm. vra, 640 pp.

69: 25 v 7.

f

A Cool, Serviceable and Economical Uni­ form for Spring and Summer.

Price $5.50.

White Duck Trousers should ordered soon.

Send at once for Circular No. 24-2.

Cfte Pettlbone Bros. Iflffl.

>•

CINCINNATI, 0., U. S. A.

I Photographic Novelties I

at prices to suit all comers.

fi Prompt and neat work guaranteed. Prices sat* isfactory. Students, your patronage is solicited.

?

i5 305 Main Str., ABOUT MEN’S SHIRTS. One of the most important articles in men’s wear is the shirt. An ill made, ill-fit­ ting shirt, of poor material discounts a man’s appearance. You can be well dressed in this particular at a very moderate cost.

We have all grades of men’s shirts from $1 to as low as 38c. All well made good-fit­ ting garments. If this space were larger we could tell you more about them.

be

PAUL KNICK,

above I’ohlmnnn’H Shoo Store.

§“THERE ARE OTHERS”/g □a

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flefitenbagan $ fieiiman,

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Reasons why yon should use the

"Century" Fountain Fen.

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Si Double Feed. — It In n Double Feed pen, dimple In con■3 atrnctlon, (one part only to the feed) with nothin# to get E ont of order. Anyono can take It apart and clean It.

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for the opening day of our g

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20th Century Samtory So- “ • ttr H aa Water Fountain.

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3 Para Rubber. — The holder la of tho beat Para rubber. well niade and handaomely chased, 4 Price. — The Price la $2.00 and upwards, according to

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style. Not too much to pay for a fountain pen that doe*

have engaged the services g y b r ,t „, Ol an expert tor that aay.

Schempf & Schulz, DRUGGISTS, 203 Main Street. *

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not get out of order.

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5 Warranted. — Every pen la fully Warranted. If it doee not auityou, you may return Itand hare your money back.

6 Comfort. — A good fountain pen Is a Comfort. The Century la a comfort.

7 Style. — The Century pen is made In many Styles, some very beautiful, and will make a line present.

8 Saves Time. — It will save time for you and make your work easier.

“Century” may bo bad at the college. Inquire R. 23.

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Watertown Department Store.

Louis F. Spangenberg, Proprietor of the

€a$t«€nd« Consorfal«Parlor, 503 Main Str, WATERTOWN, WIS.

fint match and jewelry Repairing, VVc still lead in Low Prices on same. Note the figures given below: f Cleaning.................................

5Qo ) Main Spring............................

50o WATCHES •< Glass. common....................... lQo 1 Glass, extra, thick..................

15o I Key..................................... >c

Smoke.

Wiggenhorn Bros.,

i Cleaning..................................

CLOCKS •' Mala Spring........................... ( Key..........................................

All other work reduced In tho samo proportion.

Is Badger State Cigar.

OTTO J. GCELDNER. u

j|t««»n^>Rct»s««!aso&oe«»o04»(ta4»oooo9ca^j

I The Literaryj Weekly | Digest 32Issued Pages Illustra ted

Center of Main Street Bridge,

JOHN C. SEAGER, Proprietor.

Five Baths for $1.00.

“All the Periodicals in One” §

c

[ Discussion on all sides of all questions selec-8 I ted from domestic and translated from foreign I periodical literature. The Literary Digest is j in the world of thought, feeling, and research \ what the newspapers arc in the world of 5 events. You find in the dailies, the facts; you 5 find in The Literary Digest, the reasons for S.f/je facts.

I ENTIRE REALM OF THOUGHT AND ACTION.

aC!

g All that is of prime Interest in the realm of thought g and action, whether it be politics, science, art, belleslettres, religion, sociology, travel. discovery, finance, org commerce, Is, by long-trnlncd editorial skill, presented In ft condensed form, partly In summary, partly In direct £ quotntlon, for tho beulflt of readers of The Literary 'WEST.

THE BUSY MAN’S BEST FRIEND. "No other publication of Its class is of eqaal vnlne. No ft one who desires to keep abreast with Information on all 5 lines of curreut interest enn afford to be without The ft Literary Digest.”—Kansas City Times.

It presents all sides of Condenses* digests, important questions translates, illustrates with tbo greatest im- from nearly 1,000 pe-9 partiality. riodicals. a Single Copies, 10 cents. $3.00 per year.

jj FUNS & WAGNALLS CO., Publishers, New York.

THE BRIDGE'1

Barber Shop and Bath Rooms,

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For EVERY MEMBER of the FAMILY Brings Rosy Cheeks.

Bright Eyes, a Cl ear IntellecLa Healthy Body and perfect development for every man, woman and child who will use IL

MEN train off waste tisane and gain strength by its nso.

WOMEN gain round arms, otrong backs and clear complexions.

BOYS and GIRLS gain a setting-up that lastB a lifetime.

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PRICES $2.00, 93.00, $4.00, $5.00

For sale by D. & F. KUSEL CO. 200 First Str.f Telephone 39.

Opp. Commercial Hotel.

^S8SS333S3e2S3233S^SSSSSCS£S20£

Hugust 6amm, Wholesale and Retail Dcalor In

Wu. Bccbheit, Pres’t.

F. E. Woodard, Cashier.

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Jesse Stone, V.-Pres, E. J. Bbandt, 2d Y.-Pree

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CROCKERY, GLASS- M WARE, LAMPS, ^ j» 1 BAR GOODS, | Stoneware, o* Flower Pots, o1 Etc. j*

Bank of Watertown.

Corner of Main and 4th Streets, •WATERTOvVN, WIS.

Incorporated May 1st 1854.

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■Coneonal Hrtiat, ^ Capital and Surplus.

,$75,000.00

117 Third Street, Watertown, Wis.

WATERTOWN, WIS. EBBHBBBEBBEBBEBE3BQ!2!33!3i3EBBBBBEB

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« pome made Candies. « B H Q S

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We manufacture all our own Candies and guarantee them pure and fresh.

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People’s Candy Store, 1 Stack A Baumann, Props., Donner Block, W. Main Street.

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6 Main Street.

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Simon f. Bloch,

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E. C. HEYN, BAKERY ®S CONFECTIONERY. Dealer in Minnesota Flour.

Watertown, Wis. 217 N. Second Street,

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May, 1900.

Vol, 4. No. 2.

Mo iacit MmMn!

• •« For SPRING • • • Whon In need of-----

GOOD FOOTWEAR, — Call at —

f

I Kurzweg's 1 ^ Shoe Store,

Up-to-date Neckwear for upto-date people. Ideas in Neck­ wear arc hatched here and you get a sight of them as the can be put on sale. All shapes, and our large Stock makes picking easy.

q

C«Ii$, Puffs, TouMn-fiaiuls, Sand Sows, glsib ties, etc.

We try to give Satisfaction.

402 Main Str., WATERTOWN, WIS.

ssk

7BH SCHLUETER

---- AND-----

Scbiffler $ Shgemann, 217 Main Street,

105 West Main Str.,

Watertown, Wis.

^

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L Schempf Bros. Co. f g? Our Stock of

men’s fixings,

Rats, Shirts, Collars [ja and Cuffs, Neckwear,

etc., is full of new things for Igy spring wear. The CLOTHp ING STOCK, too, is more [§& attractive than ever, gi Let us show you some of those excellent Suits at $6, > $7, $S, and up to $15. They are the “Perfection” Brand jgi — none better anywhere.

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BROS’.

IHercdanl we gigar Ere sc ft* Lead them all.

Come prepared to be pleased, and we will not disappoint you.

^

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Watertown, Wis.

Roswell, gbampion f m Cbaileage fiats

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----- FOB-----

SPRING 1QQO. Y The domand for finer grades of headwear will ^ bo tho chiof feature of the business of 1800.

Roswell, Champion and Challenge Hats jp fill these requirements. We have them \> all the latest shapes, styles, and colors, L for Spring Guarantee Hats, at

Schempf Bros. Co.

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Clothiers and Merchant Tailors, » 107 Main Str.,

Watertown, Wis.

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. a

> AL Fredrich’s

Whitely Exerciser

Bwry,Boar«itt9 Stable, t’Bas Elite.

For EVERY MEMBER of the s FAMILY f* i Brings Rosy Cheeks. v Bright Eyes, 5' ^ a (near V £ v Intellect, q Healthy Body 2 and perfect development for every man, woman % and child • who will use It. MEN train off waste tissue *** and gain etrength by its use, WOMEN gain round arms, strong backs and clear complexions.

BOYS and GIRLS gain a setting-up that lasts a lifetime.

ISIipilSIi

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PRICES $2.00, $3.00, $4.00, $6.00

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For sale by D. & F. KUSKL CO. 200 First Str.,

Telephone 39.

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g0£SSgS3E88£22SeSSSS88S38S82S!-« ❖

Opp. Commercial Hotel. s

Hugust 6amm, Wholesale and Retail Dealer In

Wu. Buchheit, Pres’t.

i

Jksse Stone, V.-Pres,

F. E. Woodabd, Cashier.

E. .T. Bbaxdt, 2d V.-Pree

CROCKERY, GLASS­ WARE, LAMPS, * j» BAR GOODS, & & & Stoneware, & Flower Pots,

Bank of Watertown.

Etc.

Corner of Main and 4th Streets, WATERTOWN, WIS.

o 0088888SSB838S8gg3SSSSSS8S888S40

Incorporated May let 1854.

‘Consorial Hrttst, ft ft Capital and Surplus,

,$75,000.00

117 Third Street, Watertown, Wis.

WATERTOWN, WIS.

is ; i

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-----Try our-----

• fiome made gaudies.

We manufacture all our own Candtce and guarantee them pure and fresh.

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Stack & Baumann, Props., Donner Block, W. Main Street.

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6 Main Street.

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Simon f. Block,

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CONFECTIONERY.

Dealer in Minnesota Flour.

Watertown, Wis. 217 N. Second Street,

*

Cfye 23lacf anb &eb. &

Watertown,, Wisconsin, May, 1900.

Volume IV.

Number 2.

Board of Editors.

Edw. II. Buerger, ’01, Editor-m-Chief.

Robert Wolff, ’01,

Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

II. A. Frank, ’01,

TlIEO. II. SCHROEDEL, ’02,

H. W. Luebcke, ’01,

Edmund Bliefernicht, ’03.

The TSlaelt n,n<l T£e<l Is published monthly during the school year by the students of the Northwestern Uni­ versity. Subscription price, 60 cents per annum In advance. Advertising rates furnished off application.

P

■>

All literary matter should bo directed to the KdItor-in-Chief, business letters to the Business Manager. Subscribers will please give notice of any chunge of address, and when failing to receive the Black and Red regularly, notify us at once.

Printed by D. Bluraonfcld & Son. Entered at the Post Ofllce of Watertown, WIs.. as second-class matter.

editorial.

JN the last issue of the Black and REd it was announced that a fieldday is to be held at our college this spring, and it is gratifying to note the growing interest taken by the students in the coming event. Every day since the arrival ol the apparatus has found clusters of boys practicing diligently here and there. The number of those who practice regularly is, however, comparitively small as yet, though it must be acknowledged that it is slowly becoming larger. Many are reluctant, not trusting their abilities, and yet who knows what they might be able to do.

There is in our midst a goodly lot of undiscovered athletic skill, so to speak, It lies so inactive in so many a brawny

youth, whereas it might do great things in the way of field-day sports, if only brought to light. You, who sit idly and look on, step to the front and give this cause your hearty support. You will be surprised to find how far you have un­ derestimated your abilities. One short hour devoted to practice daily will soon acquire for you the knack of performing the exercises with both ease and grace, and then what you consider work now will become pleasure to you. Decide at once into which particular contests you wish to enter and concentrate your ats tention upon them. Then if you hold out nobly to the end, why should not your efforts be crowned with success!

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28

THE BLACK AND RED.

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TOGETHER with the beautiful, warm spriug weather one of the most popular games has again come into vogue, namely baseball. For nearly forty years this game has kept the fore­ most place in outdoor sports and will keep it, although it may undergo some changes. Every town, school or larger society of to-day has its baseball team.

Every boy who has any interest in sports plays it. All this for the simple reason that in baseball we have not only sport but also the best exercise.

It affords very excellent practice to every muscle in the body. In playing it one must run, stoop, throw and in short go through many exercisas which all help to train the body. But not only to the body is it of benefit but also to the mind. The player must have his mind constantly fixed on the game. He must watch it closety and be able to de­ cide in a second what to do in a critical time. For these reasons baseball ought to be played by every student. It is the best recreation for him after he has been sitting in the dusty class-room.

He should rather play ball than lounge about the building or he in the shade of trees. One or two hours of practice in the field will suffice to keep his body in good health without neglecting his studies.

tation for direct election of senators began to grow active ten 3'ears ago, the House passed three bills to amend the constitution to that effect, but the other chamber has until now failed to consider the measure. The late senatorial scan­ dals have added much to the popularity of such a change, in fact no less than thirty legislatures have declared them­ selves in favor of direct election. This very plainly shows how strong the feel­ ing against the abuses of the present system is, and it is continually growing stronger. Unless the senators intend to be reckless of public opinion, they will ultimately find it necessary to comply with the wishes of the people. Direct election will certainly do away to a great extent with the buying of votes and the like; in a small body as a state legislature it is an easy matter to act upon them by undue influences of one kind or another, a thing which becomes very difficult when attempted with the voters of the whole state. The point has been argued that, were senators to be elected by the people, the candidates would be chosen by conventions who arc responsible to no one, while state legislatures are bound by an oath and are responsible for their actions to their constituents. How much some represen­ tatives feel this responsibility, has be­ come very evident in the late Clark case, where the whole legislature of Montana ^PRIL 24th, that fatal day for sena- was bought for the handsome sum of tor Quay is gone bjr, the boss of over $100,000. But even if we admit Pennsylvania has had his seat denied that political wire-pulling nrght be emhim in the senate, and with him another ployed in the conventions, have the name is added to the long column of voters not the opportunity' of rejecting those who have gained a public office the one or the other or all and electing through political jobbery. Cases like some independent candidate? Whatsohis prove indeed that our method of ever may be said for against direct elecelecting senators, men to whom the wel- tion of senatoss, by increasing the numfare of our country is entrusted, is very her of electors another obstruction will deficient and that a change would be a be thrown into the path of our political wise and judicious step. Since the agi- bosses, and this is a thing which is sq

THE BLACK AND RED. V

7

very necessary in our days when men have become so unscrupulous as to the means employed to suit their purpose.

rpHAT a college paper is intended to reflect the life at college and ought therefore to have the support of all the students, has often been stated, and an editorial in one of our last issues clearly showed our negligence in this respect up to that time. We are, however, glad to say that this has changed. The last volume already contained a larger num­ ber of contributions, but especially the new staff is thankful for the support that is being given them. Yet the stu­ dents ought to be still more represented, for only this renders a paper a true col­ lege paper.

QNE of our Exchanges in a recent issue greatly deplores the lack of biblical knowledge among children and among many who have passed beyond this age. Something should be done in this matter, if we would keep up our reputation as a Christian nation. But what should we do ? It says, teach the Bible in the public schools. Alas, this is but again one of the many indications of a movement that has for the last ten years and more gone through our countr}^. The main principle of this movement is moral-religious training to be imparted by the public schools. We fully agree with the advocates of this system that it is a superficial education which leaves out religion. It would be easier to make a tree grow in air with its roots hanging loose than to conceive of an education which ignores religion.

They are wrong only in the application of this principle. The correct reasoning would be this. Because public schools

2d

can not and shall not have religious in­ struction of any kind, we also cannot expect a perfect education. They are and will stay and must stay beautiful bodies without souls. Whoever sends his children to these schools must not object if he is deceived in his high expec­ tations. He will find that his children are burdened with learning of all kind, but nevertheless have only an imperferfect education.

But now let us see what reasons those who favor this movement advance.

Premising the principle that we can not imagine an education without religion, they say we should comply to this dire need and permit the public schools to introduce religious instruction. All of them do not say that the Bible should be taught; for some say there are a good number of “moral and spiritual truths” which could be taught without giving offense to either Protestant or Catholic, Hindoo or Chinamann; upon these “truths” one ought to agree ; the ideal citizen demands a higher standard of morals in schools, and requires re­ ligious instruction free from all doctrinal associations. Let us not consider to what this hotchpotch religion would lead us. Let us only hope that it will never be carried out. As citizens of this country we should insist upon it that the public schools are absolutely free from all religion, and we should not suffer moral-religious education to be introduced in any form. Herein we also seek the welfare of our country.

A weapon that comes down as still As snowflakes fall upon the sod, But executes a freeman’s will As lightning does the will of God : And from its force nor doors nor locks Can shield you: ’tis the ballot-box.

— Pierpont.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

Literary. my first Adventure.

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*^yHILE staying with my uncle in India I heard much about a m3rsterious ring which was kept in a Hindu temple well guarded by two priests in the city of Benares. It possessed the magnificent qualities of making the wearer invisible and giving him the power to heal the sick. With the aid of this ring the Hindus were thought to have stayed many a plague which had broke out in their country. Upon hearing this I desired to obtain possession of this wonderful ring. I inquired if there was any way possible to obtain it, but received the discouraging answer that many adventurous young men had lost their lives in trying to get it.

Although it appeared rather dangerous for me to attempt the adventure, I did not in the least despair. I was incessantly thinking of the ring and how to get it. Man3r a night’s sleep was wasted with that one thought. It even affected my health, so that I was obliged either to set out on my adventure immediately, or to give up all hopes of getting the ring. Finally I decided to go secretly on a certain night. In the meantime I prepared m3*self a garment similar to those the natives of India wear. At length the dreadful night came. I went to bed as usual in order not to have any suspicion arise. After I thought all were fast asleep, I dressed myself and came quietly down the stairs.

The difficulty which now arose was how to get out of the house. In order to keep out insects and poisonous reptiles

the door was made to fit snugly, and on this account it always gave a peculiar squeaking sound when opened. Fearing this noise would awaken the people in the house, I took a rope, tied it to a nail near the window in 1113' bedroom, for this was the only window that could be opened, and let myself down, It was a dark, rainy night outside and nearly twelve o’clock. The wind was howling through the wet streets, and long peals of distant thunder could be heard. I stood musing until a flash of lightning awoke me from ni3r meditation. I now set forward with a resolute will. Creeping along in the darkness, every now and then stumbling over stones and stepping in pools of water, I at length reached the temple. As I was about to enter I heard a low whine like that of a dog. I was startled at the bad omen, but after going thus far, I did not wish to turn back. Finding the door locked, I thought of an old key I alwa3'S carried with me. I tried it and to my astonishment it opened the lock. Upon entering I could see nothing but the flickering reflection of a fire on the ceiling. I could not see the flame itself because there were a great number of partitions, somewhat higher than a man, which obscured it from my view. I now made for the flame. Finally managing to get out of the first room, I entered a long hallway. It seems as if it had been entirely neglected, for as I crept along I felt cobwebs brushing across my face at every step I took. I

THE BLACK AND RED.

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was nearly at its end when suddenly a dark object stepped before me with a drawn knife. It was the watchman of the temple. He was about to stab at me when I gave him a blow on his jaw which sent him staggering. Losing no more time, I soon came into a spacious apartment. Here I saw the fire which explained the reflections on the ceiling, The Hindus deemed this fire holy and worshiped it. It had been kept burning for ages and was also to burn on without intermission. Here I also perceived the two priests. One of them was standing near the fire, while the other was sitting in a chair fast asleep. On a bench beside him I spied the ring. It shone like a luminous spot in the darkness. O how I longed to have it! Creeping softly up to the bench, I snatched up the ring, hid it under my garment, and hurried back. In doing so I stumbled and fell to the floor. The report of my fall woke the priest out of his slumber, He immediately arose from his chair to look for the ring. It was in vain, for I had it well concealed under m3' garment, Seeing me he seized a glittering saber and came upon me. In my terror I could not find the door through which I entered and was forced to hasten out some other way. He now was almost upon me. But I, being a fair athlete, ran up to the iron fencing which surrounded this sacred room and swung myself over it, leaving my opponent be-

hind. After straying about for some time I at length reached the outside without meeting with any further adventure, The rain and storm were now quiet.

Instead of a dark, black sky there was now a beautiful heaven filled with stars innumerable. According to the clock in the steeple it was now three o’clock in the morning. Hastening my steps, I soon reached the house of my uncle. The rope with which I descended was still hanging out of the window. I made proper use of it in gettinginto the house again. Being very tired, I put the ring under my pillow and soon was fast asleep. The next morning I looked at the ring but did not put it on, for I feared I might remain invisible for the rest of my life. I therefore hid it and went to breakfast. But I soon began to feel miserable. Day after day my appetite grew worse, causing my health to fail rapidly. It seemed as if a curse was resting upon me. Finally I coneluded it was a punishment for stealing the ring, so I decided to take it back.

It was a calm and silent night in which I went. As I entered a tall object clothed in white snatched it from my hand and vanished. I was now released from my distress and soon began to gain in health and strength again. I have often wondered since what that might have been that took the ring from my hand, L. C. K. ’03.

Apparent Evidence. ^MONG the aristocratic families of London there was one of the name of Warren. Eugene, a promising son of the family, had early been sent to college and had just come home for a vacation, bringing along with him a good friend of his, Arthur Hastings.

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While at home these two friends were inseparable. They would avoid crowds and public places and preferred solitude, They had often been seen at night in far out-of-the-way places. Nobody knew anything about them except that they had been seen the other night “in the

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THE BLACK AND RED.

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boiler room of the old mill” or “five miles out on the road to St. Albans.”

Especially Arthur Hastings was soon the main object for gossip. He was said to be a scoundrel of the lowest degree.

All of these evil reports, however, were among the old women and the other people who are always on the lookout for the “latest news.”

In truth, these two friends were a little too secret in their habits and conversa­ tions. Therefore the rumors were soon abroad that they were having secret conferences with people of a much lower rank. One morning old Dame Haywood said to her neighbor: “Say, I saw Eugene Warren and the other student last night, I’ll bet a dollar against a row of pins that the}' go to that old under­ ground club house. The other day I got a lead dollar, I guess they must have made it. They are too quiet to be honest.”. This rumor was soon spread.

“Such are the effects of college, sighed the same Dame Haywood, there’s where they go a-spending every da}r and when their money bag is empty and if there are no honest means of filling it, they will not even hesitate to use vile means.”

Butin spite of all these bad reports Eugenes’ father always trusted his son to the utmost, although the number of rumors was still increasing. At last they excited even the fear and suspicion of his parents, — a rather sad plight.

One winter night there was a social gathering at Warren’s. The guests had all arrived and the evening was being spent delightfully. By and by a very precious jewel, which belonged to a ladyfriend and which excited everyone’s curiosity, was passed around to all the guests. It passed from hand to hand, everyone looking at it very atten­ tively.

In the meantime the attention of the rest was turned into another direction

and the jewel was soon quite forgotten.

After a while it was missed by the own­ er. Mr. Warren was immediately in­ formed about it, but what could he do ?

What was to be done ? Who could have that jewel worth about 200 pounds sterling? He did not permit any person to leave the room. Everything was in confusion. Nobody could give any ad­ vice as to what should be done. One thing was certain, the jewel was gone.

Another thing not quite so certain, but quite generally accepted was the idea that some one had stolen it. Eugene and Arthur Hastings were also present.

The eyes of a few persons present were involuntarily turned upon these two and regarded them as the miscreants.

But they felt innocent. A man in the crowd proposed calling the police, but Mr. Warren did not allow this, as it would probabl3r ruin the reputation of his family. Soon a lady thought it would be proper to search every one.

Although this seemed rather ridiculous, as every one was regarded as an honest member of society. It soon found ap­ proval. All were satisfied with having themselves searched. The matter was discussed, but there was one present who did not approve of it, Arthur Has­ tings. The others tried to persuade him, but he remained silent in spite of the ad­ vices and admonitions of his friends, yes, even of Eugene. This of course gave rise to the suspicions against him. He felt like an outcast. Mr. Warren was positive ot the guilt of Arthur and de­ manded his leaving the house. But poor Arthur had no one who could help him in his sad state. Mr. Warren saw no other way out of it but that he should have Arthur searched by the police.

Just then a lady who had remained seated all this while arose from her chair and — lo! — the jewel rolled upon the floor. It had dropped from her hands

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and bad been concealed in the folds of her dress. This sudden unveiling of the mystery naturally freed our poor Arthur instantly from all suspicion. He smiled sadly but remained silent. Mr. Warren asked pardon for his rash conclusion and demanded Arthur’s objection to a search. Arthur replied: “Iliaveasimilar jewel in my purse.” He verified this statement by showing it. “Had I al-

lowed you to search me/* he continued, “this one would have been found and I should now be regarded as a thief.”

This occurence soon turned the tables.

The more inquisitive class of people set to work to solve the problem of the peculiar habits of the two comrades, They succeeded and found nothing but intimate friendship at the bottom of it.

R. 0. B. ’03.

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By a Bair’s BreaStft. ^ MAN often gets into a situation in which his presence of mind, quickness of action, and sometimes great good fortune combine to save him from destruction. This happens nearly evcr3r day and thousands of stories have been written about such narrow escapes, Still wc occasionally hear of incidents so unusual and so unlike anything ever heard of before that their narration is especialh- interesting. A case of this kind was once witnessed by a traveling gentleman, who told the story as fol­ lows : “The thing happened early one cold Januanr morning. It had been raining a little so that the platform at the station where I got off was covered with sleet. For some reason or other the conductor wanted to get off the train while it was still moving pretty fast.

So he jumped off as usual, but when his feet struck the dangerously slippery platform, they shot out from under him and under the train he flew, so quickly that I could hardly realize what had happened.

Well, I thought it was all over with the poor fellow, but no, when the half

dozen or more coaches that followed had passed the place where he had disappeared, he was lying there close to the platform, weak and exhausted by the shock his nerves had experienced, but otherwise quite uninjured. It would be hard to explain just how he had managed to get out of the terrible pre­ dicament into which his rashness had thrown him. As near as I could make out it happened this way : He fell on to the track between the rails with his head towards the engine, and as luck would have it, just behind the front truck of one of the coaches, Quick as lightning he rolled back towards the platform and succeeded in getting his legs out of the way before the rear truck of the coach could catch him. Then he lay in the narrow space between the platform and the rail while the steps of the coaches were passing over him, until the train had passed, It was all over before I could catch my breath and, on the whole, it was about as nice an exhibition of quickness and presence of mind as I ever heard of.”

F. G. C. ’03

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THE BLACK AND RED.

Etfe in tftc Eurnter gamps.

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r£VHE northern portion of Wisconsin spread over them; but nowadays they and the upper peninsula of Miclii* have bed ticks, made of canvas cloth, gan is thickly wooded with large pine well stuffed with hay, though they have trees. The silence of the woods is op- not yet attained pillows and sheets. A pressive, and is broken only by the large stove is in the middle of the room, noise made by branches rubbing on each keeps roaring with four-foot sticks of other when moved by the wind. This beech and maple wood, so that no one silence must not be taken to imply deso- suffers from cold. Along the lower row lation, for the woods are full of life, of bunks is a long bench, made of a pine The denizens of the forest are wary and slab, upheld by wooden legs, which is light-footed, and as a rule inspect the called the “deacon seat.” Near by the traveler from hiding places. Once in a “men’s camp” is the “cook’s camp,” while a bear cub will take refuge in a another log cabin, with long rough tree, and in the meantime will scold the tables, covered with oilcloth, around traveler in bear language. This country which the men sit on wooden-legged is also thickly sprinkled with lakes, benches to eat their “grub”.

After the cook’s camp and men’s room which abound with fish such as the bass, pickerel, pike, and muscallongc. On the are built, a hovel is erected for the liorborders of the lakes wild ducks and ses and oxen. The building of camps, if geese are very numerous, deer appear they are to be good, takes from three to unterrified, porcupines prowl on over- four weeks. When they are completed, hanging logs and are sometimes so some men are set to work cutting the shocked by the passing boat that they logging roads, while others cut logs and pile them upon skidways. Upon these fall off the log into the water.

The pine is mostty owned by lumber the logs are often piled up from fifteen companies. In autumn each firm sends to twenty feet high and about seventycrews of men into the woods to cut tim- five feet long. As soon as the weather ber, to be sawed for the following year, is cold enough and plenty of snow has A crew on an average consists of fifty fallen, the logs are hauled to the nearest men, with their foreman, cook and stream. In the beginning of winter the “cookees”. As a rule the first work to roads are sprinkled with water until begin with is to build the camps for the they are covered with a thick sheet of winter. During the meantime the crew ice, in order to make a solid and smooth is obliged to live in a tent, which some- track for the sleds upon which the logs times, late in autumn, is a very cold are hauled. The logging sleds are large, place. The camps are built of round, The bunks of a sled upon which the ends unhewn logs, notched at the ends and of the logs are supported, are generally laid together “cob-house” style, On twelve feet in length. When the roads one end is the door and on the other is a are in good condition, it is ver}r common window. This is the “men’s room,” to see about twenty-five medium-sized where the choppers, sawj’crs, skidders logs on a sled drawn to the river by one and teamsters lounge and sleep. The team of horses, men sleep in rough wooden bunks, When spring comes and the snow and ranged in double tiers along the sides, ice melt, the company breaks camp.

About thirty years ago thej' lay on Most of the men go to town and have spruce boughs with a single blanket what they call a good time with their

THE BLACK AND RED.

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winter’s earnings. But as soon as the rivers are clear of ice the men return to the woods and the logs are floated down the streams to the saw mills.

In camp people of almost all European nations are represented. On Saturday evening the musician of the camp brings out his fiddle, accordion or mouth or­ gan and the boys then have a jig dance or “stag quadrille,” with their moc­ casins or shoe packs on. Sometimes songs are sung and stories are told.

On all evenings, except on Saturday eve­ ning, the men are required to go to bed at a certain time and are not allowed to make any noise or even talk, so that every one can sleep undisturbed. Most lumber companies strictly forbid card playing and the use of intoxicating liquor in camp. Any man who trans­ gresses these rules is immediately dis­ charged by the foreman of the camp.

The opportunity of going to church on Sunday is vcr}r rare and in the real lum­ ber districts few church members are to be found. It is very seldom that one will find a man reading some religious book. On Sunda3r the men usually de­ vote their time to the cleansing and re­ pairing of their clothes. Many who have rifles go hunting deer or many other species of wild animals. Also let­ ter writing is mostly done on Sunday.

The men in camp receive their mail, as a rule, every day. Each camp has a supply team, which goes to town every morning and returns in the afternoon with a load of provisions and the mail.

In the morning the “cookee” usually arises at four o’clock and builds the fires in the kitchen and men’s room. After the rooms are heated the “cookee” awakens the teamsters, who then arise and feed their horses and oxen. At the same time the cook arises and then the breakfast is prepared. About one half hour before breakfast the other men are

awakened either by the music of a steel gong or a broken cross cut saw. After breakfast the men usually have time to take a smoke of “Peerless” tobacco and after that go to the woods for their day’s work. If the chopping place is within a mile or so from the camp, the men come home for their dinner; if not, the dinner is taken into the woods for them. In many places, before snow has fallen, the “cookee” must carry the din­ ner out in a lunch box strapped upon his back. If snow is on the ground, a horse or even an ox is hitched to a little sled to take the dinner into the woods.

The men work in the woods until dark.

On their way to camp they often hear the howling of the wolves and even see them. But when many men are to­ gether, the wolves do not come near.

As soon as the men are all in camp the cook lets his melodious voice ring and then the men go into the kitchen to eat their supper. Many cooks do not allow the men to have any conversation at the table, but they can eat as much as they desire; where talking is allowed it naturally takes the men much more time to eat and among the rough lum­ bermen the best of language is very often not to be heard. Every man, as soon as he has finished his meal, leaves the table and goes to his room. After supper nearly every man fills his pipe with “Peerless” tobacco and takes a smoke, which he enjoys very much.

After an hour or so the foreman gives the command : “Five minutes for bed, boys!” All obey this command and soon everything is silent for the night.

In the kitchen, the cook being assisted by his “cookees”, must do all the baking and cooking. Many people have an idea the lumbermen do not have their food well prepared and that it is about the same thing every day. But this is not true. In autumn the camps are supplied

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THE BLACK AND RED.

with different kinds of vegetables to last all winter. They have the best flour, different kinds of meat, canned goods and dried fruit; almost everything that is to be had in a hotel is also in the camp. If the cook is in need of anything, all he has to do is to send an order to the main office of the company and the goods are shipped to him at once. Baked beans and hot pancakes, there called “slapjacks,” must be on the table every morning for breakfast, besides bread, meat and potatoes. The cook usually has not much to do in the afternoon and if he is fond of sport, he has a good op­ portunity to take a rifle and go killing

deer during the hunting season. In the autumn of 1S93 theforeman of a certain camp and the cook killed twenty-four deer and one black bear, which were all prepared for the crew, consisting of sixty-five men. Jack rabbits and part­ ridges are very numerous in the northern country, but usually not many of them are killed.

The pine trees are not growing as fast as they are being cut, and the lumber supply is already exhausted in many sections, so that life in a lumber camp will soon be a thing of the past.

L. K. ’03,

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UolRerkunde und SdwdeftneSTustg.

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(Schluss.)

JTUR einer ist hartnackig dabei geblieben, die Menschen nach ihren Schadeln einzuteilen, und das war Koll­ mann in Basel. Dieser sagte einfach: „Die Rasse, das ist der Schadel.“ Und nun hatte er keine Rassenmehr, sondern nur Schadel, denn er liess die andern Rassenunterschiedeund Differenzcn ganz ausser Acht. Er teilte die Menschen in zwei Gruppen, diemithohemund schmalem Gesicht und die mit mehr breitem.

Jede dieser Gruppen zerfiel dann wieder in Dolich-, Braehy- und Mesokephalen, dass man sechs Urformen hatte. Warum sollten die Gesiehter sich schneller klassifizieren und die Hirnschadel warten bis die Gesiehter geformt waren?

Wie konnte die Schadelfonn iramer dieselbe bleiben ? Dieses ist doch unmoglich, da die Menschen sich paarweise vermeliren, und sie achten bei der Yerheiratung gewiss nicht darauf, dass immer zwei identische Schadel zusammenkommen.

Doch kam es nicht zu lauter Mesokepha­ len, wie man hatte erwarten sollen.

Hier aber behauptet Kollmann, dass ge-

rade dieses ein Bewcis fiir die Bcliarrliclikeit der Schadel sei. Er fiilirt als Beispicl an die Vermischung von Finnen und Schwedcn, wo das Resultat stets ein langer Schwedenschadcl oder ein kurzer Finnenschadel gewesen sein soli. Diese Regel will er uberall anwenden, denn ein Yolk sei keine chcmisclie Mischung, sondem ein Konglomerat.

Die Substanzen in einem Konglomerat bleiben bekanntlich unverandert. Aber nicht so ein Volk. In dem scliwanken die Formen stets. Wenn nun zwei Geschwister gefunden werden, von welchen eins kurzschadlig, das anderelangscliadlig ist, dann wiirden sie nacli Kollmann riicksichtslos zu zwei verschiedenen Rassen gehoren. Wenn ein Neger kurzschadelig ist, dann ist er ein Rassengenosse der Bayern. Wenn sich aber unter Kurzkopfen ein langer Schadel befindet, staramt er von einem Neger ab. Wiederholt sich aber der Schadel des Vaters oder der Mutter unverandert in jedem Kinde, so iniisste es doch nur zwei Rassen geben. Aber es gibt sechs, und dazu kommen noch die Mittelformen. Sind

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THE BLACK AND RED. sie zuletzt gruppiert, dann ist jeder Mensch seine eigene Rasse.

Dennoch ist der Gedankengang Kollmanns nicht so leicht abzuweisen, denn bei der Yererbung der Eigenschaften der samtlichen Teile des Korpers aus dcr Vermischung eines Paarcs zeigt die Natur keine Neigung fur Mittelformen in Einzellieiten, denn siezielit es vor, einzellie Formen des Vaters oder der Mutter ganz ahnlich zu wiederholen oder zu untcrdriicken. Zum Beispiel die stolze Nasc dcs Vaters liber dem lieblichen Munde dcr Mutter.

Wenn das Gesagte auch Test steht, so lasst sich doch noch nichts daraus schliessen, denn der Schadel ist doch wcit entfcrnt von cincr Einhcit. Wenn die einzelncn Hirnabschnitte teils vom Vatcr, teils von dcr Mutter geerbt werden, dann entsteht dadurch geradc das Gegenteil dcs Gewiinschten, namlich eine grbsscre Vcranderlichkeit. Und man kommt zu der Ueberzeugung, dass an die Scliadelbeharrliclikeit niclit zu glauben ist.

Doch giebt es in einzelncn abgelcgenen Gemeinden und Ocrtern wieder Schadelgruppen, welelie cine solchc Uebereinstimmung zeigen, dass mangeneigt werden sollte, an eine Stetigkeit zu glauben.

Waren die Schadel regcllos, dann ware die Frage bald entschieden. Jetzt aber bleibt weiter nichts iibrig als ein Experi-

Nine men out of ten think that “The Lord tempers the wind to the shorn lamb” is from the Bible, whereas Law­ rence Sterne is the author. Again we hear people say: “The proof of the pud­ ding is in chewing the string.” This is arrant nonsense, as the proverb says: “The proof of the pudding is in eating thereof, and not in chewing the string.”

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ment zu machen, welches vielleicht Jahrhunderte dauern wiirde und deshalb unmoglich ist. Im ganzen aber weiss man nicht viel iiber die Vererbupg der.SsJiadel, da man ja keine Untersuchungen machen kann, die beweiskraftig sind.

Es sind aber immer Erfahrungen da, die auf eine Vererbung hindeuien, namlich das Familiengesichtund dieAehnlichkeit zwischen Eltern und Kindern. Doch bedeutet dies noch keine Identitafc der Schadcl. Auch ist die Unveranderlichkeit der Rassen und Mcnschentypen noch keine Unveranderlichkeit dcr dazu gehor rigen Schadel. Ein Lang- und Kurzschadel konnen sich zum Yerwechseln ahnlich selien. Wir erkennen Juden und Neger ohne alle Wissenschaft, aber wir erkennen sie. Wenn wir jedoch nur-die Schadcl messen wurden, kamen wir.vielleicht zu einem ganz anderen Resultate.

So hat die Schadelmessung fur die Eintcilung des Menschen keinen eigentlichen Wert. Ja selbst zu einer Beihiilfe ist sie nicht zu gebraucheu, da man immer erst feststellcn muss, von welcher Rasse der Schadel ist. Die Hauptmerkmale sind der Habitus in der Blute des Lebens und den geistigen Regungenund die Sprachei Nachdem man dann noch andere Eigenschaften in Betracht gezogen hat, sieht man erst nach der Form des Schadels, F. Z. ’01,

Who has not felt how sadly sweeet The dream of home, the dream of home, Steals o’er the heart, too soon to fleet, When far o’er sea or land wc roam?-r.\foore.

But words are things, and a small drop of ink, Falling like dew upon a thought, produces.

That which makes thousands, perhaps millions, think. — Byron.

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Baseball.

field Day.

rpHE Black and Red baseball team opened the season by a game with the Watertown Highs. Their opponents were vanquished by the following score: n. w. u. A.B. R. H. E. Watertown. A.B. R. H. E

rjTHE preparations for field day, of which we made mention in our last issue, are in progress. Our exchanges on the whole show that field-day exer­ cises are playing an important part in athletic sports in American Colleges this year, and we shall not remain in the rear. The list of students that are to take part in the exercises is increasing.

The committee on Arrangements is push­ ing things forward. A part of the apparatus is already in use and the rest are being built. Running, high-jumping, broad-jumping, and various other exer­ cises are being practiced, but pole-vault­ ing and the shot put seem to have caused the most interest and the records at present are promising. All that have entered the program have organized as a body and are to be divided into classes as to the various exercises in which the different members are to take part. It has also been decided that preliminary meets shall take place before field-day but the dates have not as yet been sta­ ted. The turning class which is to occupy a part of the program, is pro­ gressing and its teacher has ample work in rendering their part as interest­ ing as possible. The Band and Military Company will occupy a part of the time and help in making the enterprise a suc­ cess. The program will be published in full in the next issue.

QN April 25th the Black and Reds de­ feated the Oconomowoc High School team by a score of 36 to 8.

The visitors were never for a moment in the game. It was through the gener­ osity of our players that the Highs secured their scores. Guse pitched a masterly game. Following is the tab­ ulated score:

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Societies.

Brenneman 88...0 1 2 3 2 4 1 Arendt lb........8 ,8 3 2 1 4 3 1 Hcnk 3b...

Schwebs lb...... 8 Parks p...

0 2 10 2 3 0 Kohloff U.........8 Jesse cf...

6 3 3 1 Herzfeldt bs..... 7 G 3 1 .6312 4 12 Throno 2d liohr Sb 7 6 10 6 2 2 1 Looser rf..

Mahnke p........7 3 2 0 Krebs lb., 2 11 Koch c....

7 Balglo c!.......... 7 G 3 1 Levandowsky c6 2 1 1 10 2 Sautncr If.......... G 0 2 0 Saner rf 7 64 81 19 8 61 18 1G 0 Struck out by Mahnke 7, by Parks 4.

Cmplre, A. Bauor.

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AB R HE Oconomowoc ABRH E ....7 4 3 0 Morris c.......... ..... 4 118 ....7 4 10 Wing lb.......... ..... 4 10 2 ....7 4 3 1 Nelson 3b...... ..... 4 111 ....7 4 3 0 Houghton ss.. ..... 4 111 ....7 3 3 0 Tweeden 2b... ....4 0 11 ....6 8 2 2 Mullln p.......... ..v.4 2 2 0 ....6 4 2 2 Dorrah rf...... ....4 2 2 0 ....0 3 10 Houghton If.. ..... 4 0 0 0 ....6 4 0 0 Jones cf.......... .....4 0 13 69 16 18 6 36 8 9 8 Earned rnns, Highs 0, N. W. D. 15. Left on bases, Highs 8. N. W. U. 7. Two base hits, Guse, Ernst, Schwobs. Morris, Dorrah. Three base hits, Ernst, Lohr, Kohloff, Schwebs, Struck out, Guse 10, Morris 3. Umpire, Mahnke, Patorson.

Guse p..........

Moussa 3b...

Ernst 2b......

Schwebs lb...

Kohloff If...

Herzfeldt ss.

Lohr cf........

Koch c.........

Balgie rf.......

= Saturday May 5th, the Badgers defea­ ted the Watertown White Diamonds by a score of 18—15.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

Our goncm.

JJVERY patriotic American music lover must feel a thrill of pride in looking back at the marvelous growth of music in the United States within the last quarter of a century, and in looking forward to the immense development of the near future in our national musical activity. This has a sure evolution in the case of our friends at school. Things have changed with them ; they have grown with their opportunities; compe­ tition, which does so little for their com­ petitors in the large cities, has drawn them from their shell and distributed their dolcc far niente.

After severe and assiduous practice and with the pleasant idea of having acquired enough skill and technique the band and orchestra finally moved to entertain friends of the institution with a concert on the 11th inst.

The orchestra which has been or­ ganized in our first semester, can very well pride themselves on their success.

The band under the leadership of a competent officer has come up to its expectations.

Undoubtedly this concert, the first that has been extended to friends of the institution for the last ten 3rears, proved a success, and we sincerely hope that the noble art of music may forever con­ tinue to flourish at our Alma Mater, that the participants may strive for the same ideal with more vigor than they have done heretofore.

And to those who do not lend a help­ ing hand and practice or even enjoy music, these words of Shakespeare may be a sufficient inducement: The man that hath no music in himself, Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils, The motions of his spirit are dull as night, And his affections dark as Erebus, Let no such man be trusted.

Merchant of Venice (V. I. 82—87.)

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The following is the programme ren­ dered on May 11th.

Overture: Prince and Peasant...Ferrazzi Overture: Harvest Home, Op. 151... ......................... .Theo. Moses-Tobani N. W. U. Orchestra.

Overture: Aboard and H€loise. .Zimmermann.

N. W. U. Band.

Am Bergquell, Op. 327 No. 2, Bohm Piano Solo.

OvertureBridal Rose.

C. Lavallce Traumerei...................... ..Schumann N. W. U. Orchestra.

Baritone Solo, Herndon Tuba Solo...... .Ferrazzi N. W. U. Band.

Fantasia Mozart Piano Solo.

Handel Trio : Largo Violin, Cello, and Piano.

Overture: Normandie.............. ......Miller Overture: Golden Crown........ . Hermann N. W. U. Orchestra.

military notes.

Since Easter the company drills on the campus.

As the company has become proficient in the Manual of Arms, the Bayonet Exercises and all the movements by the squad and the platoon, platoon drill has been dropped and the cadets now as­ semble in full body.

While Captain Hinnenthalwas in Mil­ waukee May 8th, first lieutenant Zim­ in ermann took his place at the regular drill.

A march to Oconomowoc by the band and the company has been booked for this spring. Such marches have always been a cause for much pleasure, and we are especially happy to see Oconomowoc again, when we consider the beauty of the place and the hospitality, with which we were welcomed on our last march tp that city.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

The captain is busy making plans for , the sham battle on field day.

The staff of officers now has its meet­ ings Wednesdays and Saturdays in the arsenal.

Alumni Herein.

Am 19. Juni, Abends um 8 Uhr findet die diesjalirige Alumnisitzuug in der Aula der N. W. University statt.

Joh. Ph. Koehler.

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Offer to all College Students.

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JN order to increase our number of subscribers we make the following offer to all college students : 1. To every student who secures be­ tween May 18th 1900 and June 13th 1900 three new subscribers, subscription paid in advance, we will give the BlacR and REd free for one year.

2. To every student, who secures be­ tween May 18th 1900 and June 13th 1900 two new subscribers, subscrip­ tion paid in advance and pays 15 cents in addition, we will give the Black and REd free for one year.

3. To every student who secures be­ tween May 18th 1900 and June 13th 1900 one new subscriber, subscription ■paid in advance, and pays 25 cents in addition, we will give the Black and Red free for one year.

For particulars apply to the Business Manager.

Every former student ought to be a subscriber to the

Black and Red.

Ok terrible Spenser. x Persistently hanging around you, The inveterate sponger stands; And approaching you with humble look, A “paper” in his hands, He with a low, beseeching voice Some “toby” of you demands.

And when you’ve satisfied this “fiend,” Another comes around, He wants to use your baseball glove, Dare you his feelings wound ?

Though really his audacity Would anyone astound.

But then, 3’ou know, he’s pretty big, And if you should refuse, Ah, hard indeed ’twould go with you, Who can’t stand much abuse.

So all that j'ou can do with him Is to invent some good excuse.

And if you kindly let him take Your “stuff”; do you suppose I-Ic’d use it as he would his own ?

Not much; he simply throws It carelessly about. He cares Not what it is or whose. v/' Wlicn’er jtou have a little “dough,” He smells it. Tackles you: “Say, let me have a quarter, kid; Some time I’ll help you too.

I’ll pay it back tomorrow night.”

Sounds nice, but isn’t true.

Of course, you never see your coin, His memory is too short.

Remind him? Nit. You wont do that. * Meanwhile he plays off “sport.”

How easy though it is to see It’s not the genuine sort.

You like to lend your overcoat To some broad shouldered guy, Who cracks the seams. But tailors’ bills Arc not so very high.

No sponger ever yet was known A “bumbershoot” to buy.

But the greatest nuisance of them all Is he who wants your bike.

He’s in an awful rush, you know, And hasn’t time to “hike” And yet lie never learned to ride; Does not know what it’s like.

You know he’s going to smash your wheel, but little do you care.

You’ve coin to burn, your papa is

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Rev. Phil. Martin, ’96, was united in marriage with Miss Schonhals of Mil­ waukee on May 8th.

Mr. G. Hinnenthal. ’00, officiated as best man at the wedding of his aunt, which was celebrated in Milwaukee May 8th.

Almost a millionaire; And to support the sponger, — oil, He has a lot to spare.

With coppers j'ou arc well supplied, Can always “sell” (?) a stamp, And when our friend is out of oil, Why, lie can use our lamp.

We help each other out, you know, As thej’ do in a mining camp.

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personal.

Miss Anna Kirst surprised her brother Leonard with a visit during the Easter holidays.

Robert Wolff, ’01, went to Fon du Lac April 24, where he will teach school for several weeks.

H. Paustian, ’00 and A. Hoenecke, ’01 visited their friend H. Haase at Ixonia May 5th.

Owing to the departure of Prof. Koeh­ ler the Freshmen now study German with Prof. Hoyer and Latin with Mr. Lemkc.

The Theologians from Wauwatosa played ball at the Alma Mater May 12 th.

Prof. Koehler, who accepted a call as Professor of the Theological Seminary at Wauwatosa, moved there May 14th.

Stud. Theol. Win. Notz called on friends at the college during his stay at home on April 19th.

The military company has received permission to march to Oconomowoc on May 18th.

Rev. Koch of Columbus paid a short visit to his son Hugo May 3d.

Louis Witte, ’04, attended the wed­ ding of his cousin May 3rd — 7th.

The Freshmen have dropped two hours of Latin a week, instead of which two hours in French have been substituted.

Fred Relien, ’04, has returned to col­ lege fully recuperated from his illness.

“Prattc ta scautou” is the motto cho­ sen by' the Seniors.

Rev. Siegler of Wauwatosa called on H. Luebcke, ’01, and M. Raasch, ’03, on May 4th.

Otto Kuhlow, ’99, and Paul Dowidat, ’99, theological students at the Seminary at Wauwatosa, visited friends in town and at the institution May 3d — 5th.

Otto and PaulHeidtke, ’00, were home for a short visit May 4th.

H. Moussa, ’00, has joined the band as drummer.

Prof. Ernst and Dr. Notz attended a meeting of the board at Milwaukee Mav 3d.

Chas. Schrader, ’01, and John Reuschel, ’01, wheeled to Hustisford on the 29th of April.

Otto Keller, ’04, visited at Milwaukee May 5th_7th.

H. Frank, ’01, and C. Schrader, ’01, niade a trjp on their wheels to Beaver Dam May 12th.

Prof. Hoyer has resigned the Inspec­ torship and Mr. Lemke of Milwaukee taking his place, Rev. H. Gieschen visited college Thursday May 3.

Chas. Schrader, ’01, and John Reuschel, ’01, wheeled to Milwaukee on Saturday May 5th. They returned on Monday following.

i i

*■

! !

THE BLACK AND RED.

42

The Local Board of Inspection inspect­ ed the college buildings Wednesday, May 9tli.

■

Saturday, May 5th, several students went to Oconomowoc and returned in the evening.

On Sunday morning May 13th, Otto Keller, ’04, and Gilbert Diestler, ’04, wheeled to Oak Grove for a visit. They returned in the evening.

&

si

Local.

Field-day!

Who is training ? :

■

Dago prefers a date with an “Olive” to a date with a “peach.”

=

i

i

It’s a fact: “Japs” got a hair cut, and “Lord” is still rushing the season.

As the season for ducks is almost by, Nandy has been on the lookout for a new game and found — crows.

According to W— the composition of a laugh is this: a horrible smile and a deep sigh.

Don Rinaldo prefers a right from “Papa L—” to a left from “Tutsie,” for by nursing the former lie recovered, but nursing only agitated the latter.

Speaking of pole-vaulting, Bruns smashes everything that has been made so far.

For fine hair cuts call on room No. 6.

“Poost” has deserted the ranks of the Eastern Queen and became a rival of Kelly.

The last Black and Red was fine; it at least told the people who I am.—Japs.

Gyps has joined a new order, look at the seal on liis left hand.

Bruns: — Yes-s-s!

Cronje’s bed is a secret recess for bugs, snakes and crabs.

Beware }'e ducks; Augu, Luke, and Freddie: a new combination,

Sim—ggy returned that class-pin.

1

Ask “Morg” about the “tonic.”

I^-Uy and J-psy, the long and the short of it.

A dangerous proceeding: throwing paper from the windows.

Nic vs Richie, who’ll bet on the race ? _ 0, M-x H-nnch can fool the crowd, but he can>t fool me!

Roastbeef, fine potatoes, catsup, and rice. — O, quae niutatio rerum!

Anton’s pugilistic attitude while de­ livering his oration greatly terrified the audience. .

Solomon spent his vacation counting caster eggs.

Notice to the Public. — Lessons in singing and in the art of photography given by able instructors in room No. 22. After lessons a warm lunch is servcd for a small consideration, Skinner Bros. & Swamp.

Eli resigned his position as mana­ ger of the baseball team, for he saw no chance of leaving the city.

Who is Baron Storch von Spinncngewebe, Drahtseil und Kratzefuss ?

Who is agent for the Nebraska selfbinder?

The K. 0, M. are again in possession of their weapons.

What made Ebie think he knew better?

Gladiis destrictis: Schwertern.

Mit eutzuckten

Oom Paul, tomato sauce.

»

THE BLACK AND RED.

43

Lord: “I’m an impartial empire.” (?)

Sw-mp has abandoned the idea of training for the cowboy’s profession; he was able to throw the lasso, but some­ times he experienced a little difficulty in drawing back the rope.

Did Erato invent the art of flirtation also ?

Why did Cronjc appear with such a “crabbed” expression in his face one fine morning?

Oxygen — A polygon with eight sides.

“Jim Smiles” is an extraordinary jes­ ter, cspcciall}' at the table. All arc glad to hear him draw out his vowels and then laugh. As to the laugh we are still in doubt which is his natural one.

“Ruts” slept and came in late with stripes across his cheek.

“Smiles” is acquainted with “Cos­ metics.”

“Schmier” and “Shylock,” the latest combination, have adopted a different route since stopped on the campus May 5th.

Chollie: Give me a “knust.”

»

&

Exchanges

&

The Thistle, a contemporary from over the Atlantic, is one of our most in­ teresting exchanges.

The February number of the journal is the newest, with which we are favored. It contains one ai tide, “Cape Town during the War,” which is of great interest to us.

The bitter feeling of the Cape Town population toward the Boers is depicted by one who writes from personal ex­ perience.

The Steele Review comes to us in a new garb every month, and we al­ ways look forward to every new num­ ber with pleasure and expectation. In the Easter number the Review pub­ lishes an interesting article, “The Edu­ cational Value of Athletics.” Although the article is intended for Steele students there are some parts which ought to be of more than passing interest to some of our athletes. Read it.

In the St. John’s Collegian we find a very timely editorial on “Importance of Correct Speech,” from which we wish to quote the first paragraph.

Why did Shortic take to his heels.

The contraction of the habit of speak­ Nandie: My dear sunbeam. ing correctly should be considered of the Why does Ben shave three times a highest importance by all. Not infre­ week ? quent^ an impression is formed of a Lord, do you want to sell your persons worth and ability from the man­ ner in which he gives utterance to his steamer? thoughts. Although this may not al­ Passer, der deutsche Student. ways be tiie best way to estimate the Lazerus: Gelit das dich was an? value and power of a man, still it is but Poosty was appointed scavenger of natural that one who applies the Eng­ tobacco bags. lish language without regard to correct­ Senior A.: “Dont you think “Primau- ness will usually be looked upon in a rather poor light. His inclination to­ er” is a misnomen for “Sex Tauer” ?”

Senior B.: “No, I think it’s a misno­ ward incorrectness of speech is not an men for “Suartauer”, because we are not evidence that his character is in doubt, yet deprived of the privilege of leaving but causes the opinion to become pre­ valent that he will be unable to put the premises without permission”.

44

THE BLACK AND RED.

himself for ward as a man of importance.

Furthermore, several undesirable tendencies emanate from the habit of entertaining a disregard for correct speech.

One accustomed to make use of faulty and erroneous expressions will allow de­ fective grammar to creep into his writ­ ten communications; this latter fault every one should seek to avoid for it is with displeasure that a person notices in the contents of a letter glaring errors, And it often happens that a person who writes a poor letter, on apptying for a position through mail, will fail to obtain it, owing to his defective composition.

The Collegian reflects school-life very well. We should like to see a little greater effort in the literary work.

i ;

The February Vidette publishes a short talk on “Pole Vaulting.” We com­ mend it to the attention of our athletes.

The April number of the Syracuse University Herald is a very well gotten up issue. “Mathematics Before the Time of Newton,” and “Yellow Journal­ ism” are creditable articles. “My Colored Allies; an Easter Episode” is well written. :|

(

German experimenters have succeeded in producing alloy of aluminium, (the exact composition is not revealed), which is said to be superior in many re­ spects to aluminium. The statement is made that this alloy, called vestidium, weighs only one third asmuch as aluminium, bulk for bulk. It is white, can be easily polished, and does not tarnish on exposure to air.—The Hall Boy.

Library Hcceseions.

•;

:l

Smithsonian Institution. Annual Reports of the Board of Regents ofthe S.I., showing the Operations, Expenditures, and Condition of the Institution for the

Yrs. 1856—57, 1867—69, 1871—72, 1874, 1879—80. Wash. 15x2314 cm.

320 v 4-5,15-17, 19-20, 22, 27-28.

Census Office. Compendium of the Eleventh Census: 1890. Part i. Popu­ lation. Robert P. Porter, Supt. Wash.

G. P. O. 1892. 1914x30 cm. cxi, 957.

313 : 11 v 27.

Census Office. Eleventh Census. Rcport on Wealth, Debt, and Taxation at the Eleventh C.: 1890. Part I. Public Debt. J. Kendrick Upton. Special Agent, Wash. G. P. 0.1892. 23x30 cm. xi, 890.

313: 11 v 24.

Census Office. Sixth Census. Enu­ meration of the Inhabitants of the U. S., as corrected at the Department of State in 1840. Wash. 1841. 2Sy2x46 cm.

480 pp. 313: 6 v 1.

Census Office. Compendium of the Enumeration of the Inhabitants and statistics of the U. S. as obtained at the Dept, of State from the return of the sixth census, etc. Wash. 1841. 24x37 cm. 379 pp. 313: 6 v 2.

Census Office. The Seventh Census of the U. S. 1850. Embracing a Statisti­ cal View etc. J. D. B. Bone, Supt. of Census. Wash. 24x31 cm. cxxxvi, 1022 pp. 313: 7 v 1.

Census Office. Compendium of Statistical View of the U. S. embracing its Territory Population, etc. Washington 1854. 14x2314 cm. 400 pp. 312: 7 v 3.

Census Office. Eighth Census, I860.

Preliminary Report on.

Jos. C. G. Kennedy, Supt., Wash. 1862. 14x23 cm. xvi, 294 pp. 313: 8 v 5.

Census Office. Ninth Census, 1870.

Wash. 1872. 23V&x30 cm.

313: 9 v 1, 2.

Census Office. Eleventh Census, 1890.

Compendium of. Part III. Washing-

d

THE BLACK AND RED.

45

1150 pp.

nold, London, 1895. 14x23 cm. (iy.)

387. 82:4.

Carhart, Henry S. Physics for Uni­ versity Students. Part I. Mechanics, Sound, and Light. Revised Edition.

Boston. Altyn & Bacon, 1898. 13x19 cm. iv, 344. 263: 11 vl. Partll. Heat, Electricity, and Magnetism. Ibid. 1896, vi, 446. 263: 11 v 2.

Charlotte, Queen, Court and Private Life in the Time of: Being the Journals of Mrs. Papendiek, Assistant Keeper of the Wardrobe and Reader to her Majes­ ty. Edited by her Granddaughter, Mrs. Vernon Delves Broughton. Vol. I. Lon­ don, Bentley & Son. mdccclxxxvii.

66: 45 v I. Vol. II. Ibid. Eodem Anno, x, 325. 66: 45 v 2.

ton 1897. 19x30 cm.

313: 11 v 29.

vii,

Draper, Henry. A Text-Book on Chemistry. For the Use of Schools and Col­ leges. With more than three-hundred Illustrations. N. J. Harper & Bros., 1866. 11x19 cm. vm, 507. 261: 7.

Whitney, William Dwight. The Life and Growth of Language: An Outline of Linguistic Science. N. J. Appleton & Co. 1888, 1214x19 cm. vii, 326. 100: 6.

Emerson, R. W. Nature; Addresses, and Lectures, Philadelphia: David Mc­ Kay, 1894. 1214x19 cm. 346 pp. 172: 87.

Cicero, Marcus Tullius, The Life and Letters, Being a New Translation of the Letters included in Mr Watson’s Selec­ tion. With Historical and Critical Notes.

By the Rev. G. E. Jeans, M. A. London, Macmillan & Co., 1891. 1214x1914cm. xxiv, 432. 93:14.

Ovid. Selections for the Use ofSchools.

With Introductions and Notes and an Appendix on the Roman Calendar. By William Ramsay, M. A. Edited by Geo. G. Ramsay. Second Edition. Oxford.

Clarendon Press. MDCCCLXX. llx 1714 cm. xxvm, 352 pp. 93: 50.

Stevenson, Robert Louis. A Child’s Garden of Verses. Illustrated by Charles Robinson, London. John Lane. The BodleyHead, 1890. 12x19 cm. xiv, 137.

179: 3.

Hole, The Very Rev. S. Reynolds. A Little Tour in America. Edward Ar-

Jcrningham Letters, The. 1780-1843.

Being Excerpts from the Correspondence and Diaries of the Hon. Lady Jemingham and of her daughter Lady Bedningfeld. Edited, with Notes, by Egerton Castle. With Portraits. In two Vol. Vol. I. London, R. Bentley & Son 1896.

1214x1914 cm. n, 383. 66: 46 v 1.

Vol. II, Ibid. 1896. vi, 443. 66: 46 v 2.

Paget Papers, The. Diplomatic and other Correspondence of the Right Hon. Sir Arthur Paget, G. C. B. 1794 —1807.

(With two Appendices 1808 etc. 1821— 1827.) Arranged and edited by his son, The Right Hon. Sir Augustus B. Paget, G. C. B. With Notes by Mrs. J. R. Green.

Twenty-four Portraits. In two Vol. Vol. I. London. Heinemann, 1896.

15x25 cm. xx, 366. 66: 47 v 2. Vol. II. Ibid. 1896. 410 pp. 66: 47 v 2.

Statcman's Year Book, The. Statisti­ cal and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1898. Edited

by J. Scott Keltie, L. L. D., with the assistance of J. P. A. Renwick, M. A., 35th Annual. Revised after official Re­ turns. London. Macmillan & Co. 1898.

12x18 cm. xxx, 1166, 10 plates. 86, 7: 1 v 6.

Palmerston, The Life of Henry John Temple, Viscount, with Selections from his dairies and Correspondence. By the Right Hon. Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, G. C.B.,M. P, Vol. I. London. R. Bent-

46

THE BLACK AND RED.

ley. 1S70. 13y2x2iy2 cm. xy, 431. 66: 48 v 1. Vol. II. 1870. Ibid, vn, 440.

66: 48 v 2.

Khahxe for

Spring.

Jowett, Benjamin, M. A., Master of Balliol College, Oxford. Life and Let­ ters. By Evelyn Abbott and Lewis Campbell. With Portraits and other Illustrations. In two volumes. Vol. I. Second edition. London. John Murray.

1897. 14x23 cm. vn, 446. 66:54vl.

Vol. II. Second edition. Ibid. 1897. vm, 499. 66: 54 v 2.

A Cool, Serviceable and Economical Uni­ form for Spring and Summer.

Price $5.50.

White Duck

:

Lecky, William Edward Hartpole.

Democracy^ and Libert}'. Yol. I., Longmanns, Green & Co. London 1896.

14x23 cm. xvn, 471. 86, 2: 14 v 1.

Vol. II. Ibid. 1896. xvi, 489. 86. 2: 14 v 2.

: :

Education, Report of t he Commis­ sioners for the year 1871. Wash. 1872.

15x23y2cm. 715pp. 311:1,3.

Education, for the }rear 1S76. Ibid.

1878. an, 942 pp. 311:1-8.

i

Trousers should ordered soon.

Send at once for Circular No. 24-2.

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I at 15 cts. per dozen to Cabinets at $1.50 go to

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Give them a trial and be convinced of their merits.

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AGENTS, Watertown, Wis.

Telephone 81.

Hamm’s Reliable Drug Store

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Everything pure, fresh, and up to date.

A large line of CIGARS. Tour patronage respectfully solicited.

Dr. O. WOLFBUM, DENTIST.

Fire Insurance. *£ 209 West Main Street, Don’ner Bros'. Building.

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RWAffK & KML9, . . Undertakers, and Dealers in all kinds of

FURNITURE

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S£5“ Night Calls promptly attended to by Otto H. Nowack, one door south of St. Marcus Church or Wm. KohlB, 433 College Avo.

610 Main Street, Watertown, Wisconsin.

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Complete line of. . .

DRUGS, MEDICINES, and CHEMICALS. Neat line of Tablets and Stationery.

Prescriptions compounded at all hours,

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“Century”

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1 Double Feed. — It 1b n Double Feed pen, simp le In conBtructlon, (one part only to the feed) with nothing: tto get ont of order. Anyone enn take It apart and clean It. 2 Best 16 Kt. — The sold pen 1h the best 16 lit. pen that one of the lending factories In the United States can make.

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7 Style. — The Century pen Is made in many Styles, Bomo very beautiful, and will make a line present.

8 Saves Time. — It will save time for you and muko your work easier.

“Century” may be liad at tbc college. Inquire R. 23.

13

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Big line of Fancy Chairs. £1

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Barber Shop and Bath Rooms,

Discussion on all sides of all questions selec­ ted from domestic and translated from foreign periodical literature. The Literary Digest is in the world of thought, feeliug, and research what the newspapers arc in the world of events. You find in the dailies, the facts; you find in The Literary Digest, tl.e reasons for the facts.

ENTIRE REALM OF THOUGHT AND ACTION. AU that Is of prime Interest In the realm of thought and action, whether it be politics, science, art, belles- g lettre8, religion, sociology, travel, discovery, finance, or § commerce. Is, by long-trained editorial skill, presented in 8 condensed form, purtly in summary, partly in direct quotation, for tho bcnlfit of readers of The Literary Digest.

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(Lfye &lad artb Heb. Volume IV.

Number 3.

Watertown, Wisconsin, June, 19Q0.

Board of Editors.

Edw. II. Buerger, ’01, Editor-in-chief.

Robert Wolff, ’01,

Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

H. A. Frank, ’01,

TlIEO. II. SCIIROEDEL, ’02,

H. W. Luebcke, ’01,

Edmund Bliefernicht, ’03.

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Editorial.

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■yACATION time has come again. extent cause us to hesitate. But that As the student sits at his desk in which mainly induces us to tarry when the classroom, writing his final ex­ we are to leave is college friendship. examinations, he is happy to anticipate When entering school, having no one the time when lie may lay his books but strangers to converse with, the stu­ aside for a short time and devote two dent is urged to make the acquaintance months to rest and recreation. But every of someone. The new friend is generally student has felt a certain reluctance in the same forlorn state and the two when leaving the college premises with are soon bound together by a bond of a valise in his hand bound for the sta­ friendship, the firmness of which only tion, repeatedly looking around to cast the student knows. Why therefore a a last glance at the college buildings in separation, though it be for only a few the distance. Reluctantly we shall leave months, cannot be borne indifferently, again. Vihy is this ? It may be due to there is no reason to wonder. Especially our attachment to the place, which for the graduating class the approach­ through our long stay has become dear ing vacation is a source of some pain. to us. The idea of the sports and the After having associated with one enjoyments in the campus may to some another for seven years they are now to

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beseparated, not knowing when, if ever,

mat or statesman, let him go forth into

the school of life and study mankind while associating with them, for the very source and root and groundwork of all capability for the discharge ot public duties, as one of our eminent men has well said, lies in this intimacy, this contact with the fountainhead of all American political knowledge and poli­ tical power. Without this experience, JN the late discussion among men of no one is qualified to represent the education on school reform the ques­ people, and being without it, no one will tion has been raised whether or not our gather it in the class-rooms of colleges young men should receive a special train­ ing for public life. Comparing the argu­ and universities. ments on both sides, we find that those in the negative are by far the weightier.

No amount of special training will make a man a successful diplomat or states­ rjVHE South African war has at last virtually come to a close. Lord man if he has not the necessary7 aptitude for public affairs. What is required Salisbury’s words, “not a shred of inde­ most is common sense nnd integrity of pendence shall be left them,” seem to character. These are qualities which have been quite prophetic. The Boers cannot be acquired by training, but have not as yet, however, hoisted the must be inborn; all that education can flag of truce. President Krueger has do and all that is necessary, is to moved the capital of State, Boer envoys have arrived in our country, moreover strengthen and develop them.

Experience teaches us that the best it remains a mystery where the main school for the man who intends to enter forces of the Dutch are centered. As long the public service is found in practical as such maneuvers as these are practiced life, in being in close touch with the as expedients in the face of a mere masses of the people until he knows shadow of hope, we should have no them and the vicissitudes of their lives; reason to be struck with surprise, were of course, a good general education as a the Boers to take stubborn stand and basis for a better understanding must carry7 on guerilla fighting to the last go before. The good results in our man. ‘Independence’ is the magic word American diplomacy' were in all cases with the Boer and he will strive to reach achieved by men who bore a reputation it against the most overwhelming odds. not for duplicity and shrewdness, but On the other hand it would no more be for manliness and personal address. surprising to see the English foil all The object of our colleges and universi­ Boer resistance and render it completely7 ties should be not to turn out one sided abortive. With an active fighting force politicians but men of high moral stand­ of 250,000 soldiers it ought to take but ing, to strengthen their intellectual ca- a short time to accomplish this end, in pacaties and make them conscious of fact it ought to have been reached their abilities, so that they may choose long ago. the calling accordingly7. If anyone then Now the question of the South African finds that he has the parts for a diplo- colonial policy7 confronts the British. It

they are to meet again. We wish them success in their career and the rest of us shall bid one another good-bye with the soothing thought of meeting again at the beginning of the next school yrear.

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immediately ealis to our minds all the traditions of the United States in favor controversy policies suggested for of strict responsibility and reverted to governing the Philippines have stirred the worst examples of Rome in ancient up in our own country. The question times and Spain in modern, In sending Americans to Cuba to adconfronting the English government is not likely to be solved readily. It may minister the public service we, loudly even cause a portion of the brain rack- proclaimed that by their precept and ing that is harassing our foremost poli- example they would teach the Cubans lessons in public moralitj', lessons much ticians to-day.

In the Orange Free State military rule needed to be learned before they could has already been established and under safely be trusted with the reins of govguidance of progressive Boers it is ex­ eminent. And here we have given them pected that local government will soon a lesson in peculation.

The commission given Rathbone last step in to supplant it. More difficult by far is the situation in the Transvaal. July was a grant of unregulated power, Though there is also a progressive party it made him virtually a dictator so far that would willingly extend its help in as the whole postal service of the island reconstituting the state, yet most of the was concerned, with absolute authority Boers are less enlightened than their to do all things that may be necessary neighbors in the Free State and for that to give full force and effect to the powers reason less ready for self-government, thereby vested in him. That official An additional difficulty is represented broke the trust put in him by the Admiby the fact that the Boers in the Trans- nistration, the officers we sent down to vaal protest against military govern* Cuba to administer the postal affairs incut even as a temporary expedient, and improve the tone of the public scrTliey contest that British officers have vice appear to have gotten away through made themselves too objectionable to fraud with about $450,000 of public be acceptable as rulers. They ask that funds intrusted to their hands. But the the Transvaal be made a crown colony dream of getting rich by despoiling othadministcred by a civil governor. The ers is fascinating mamr, the inclination English have decided that this plan is to do so is met with every where, seeds impossible and that at first there must of corruption are in the air, and alow be a modified form of military govern- tone of morality seems to pervade our ment. Undoubtedly the British will public life, pursue this policy for a time at least.

'J'HE history of the world is one long series of illustrations of the dangers that attend the grant ofsuchdictational powers to any man as were given to Rathbone, Director-General of Posts in Cub a, yet the present Administration lias not heeded these dangers. TheAme-* rican republic attempted to teach the Cubans by an object lesson how to govern themselves but abandoned all the

UQcivcs, cives, quaerenda pecutiia primum est, virtuspost nummos!Haec Janus summus ab imo prodo'cet, haec iccinuntjuvencsdietatasenesque.â&#x20AC;? Such are the words of Horace in one of his epistles addressed to his friend and protector Maecenas. They portray to some extent the prevailing conditions in Rome I1*8 time, and if we compare his with our age we must admit that as to mor-

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ality we are just as b.ad, if not worse.

The people of to-day consider 0101103' first and then virtue. What cannot be ex­ pressed in commercial value is worthless, this is accounted an axiom by nearly everyone. Honesty has come with us to be something extraordinary, and the greediness for the most vain and transi­ tory of earthly treasures is sapping all respectable society, all our spiritual wel­ fare is neglected; to care for it we have no time.

In Cuba we were to show the people to govern. But what do they see? How an officer in the service of the govern­ ment may enrich himself. Man’s cupi­ dity has ever been an easy prey for the professional speculator, and it is asto­ nishing to see the numerous schemes of shady characters, piany of them frauds pure and simple with no other purpose than -to fill the pockets of their promo­ tors with the savings of the credulous &nd unwary. No number of failures and exposures teaches the general public the wisdom of keeping out ofmoney -making schemes and to seek wealth by steady persevering work and in ways known to be legitimate.

Thousands are ruined every year, but the other thousand learns nothing, the great mass of the people are as crazy under the vision of sudden wealth as in the daj’s of the California gold craze, or as in the days of the South Sea Bubble under George I. in England. Every 3*ear

numerous schemes are advanced in our legislative halls whose only object is the enrichment of its promotors. That cer­ tain men are quick to take advantage of the frailty and greediness is not so much to be wondered at but that public men of recognized position, who occupy prominent places in the political and business world should lend themselves for a few shares of stock to the further­ ing of doubtful schemes is a much more serious matter. This shows only too plainly the trend of our times. Men in prominent positions bring shame upon their families and their country, money goes before virtue.

It is no excuse at all for a man to say that he lent his name to such schemes because they seemed honest and good.

He had no business to accept as all right anything he has not personally investi­ gated and found to be sound and legiti­ mate business. His name may induce thousands of people to invest their ear­ nings because the3r rely upon the assur­ ance of respectabilitt', which the use of his name should signify. Those who stand sponsors for such an enterprise should be held more responsible than the promoters of such plans. There are plenty of trades and vocations that are honest, whose gains are furthered b3r diligence, honest work, good and fair dealing, and it is not necessary to invest money in speculative enterprises.

There was one that died greatly in debt: when it was reported in some Compaq', where divers of his creditors casualty were, that he was dead, one began to say : “Well, if he be gone, then he hath carried five hundred ducats of mine with him into the other world,”

and another said: ‘‘And two hundred of mine;” and the third spoke of great sums of his, whereupon one that was among them said: “I perceive now, that though a man cannot carry any of his own with him into the next world, yet he ma3r carry away that which is another man’s.-1“Bacon.”

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Literary. c^O^o cpO^>

Geographical Reasons for the Decadence of Spain.

•J^HE past year has borne witness to the fatal crash that finally brought down the last pillar which upheld the framework of a onetime mighty nation.

When in her prime, few stood equal to Spain, perhaps Germany and France, England was yet in her infancy, while Russia with her spare population was still nursing the wound beaten her by the barbarian domination of almost two centuries. To-day Spanish promi­ nence is a thing of the past, her splen­ dors have faded, a result which to a great extent must be attributed to the fact that the country is at a disadvan­ tage with regard to her location, land formation, and climate.

It is a universally accepted law, says Carl Jenscli in his “Sociale Auslese”, that a nation can develop intellectually and morally only if it frequently comes in contact with other people of a high intellectual and moral standing; if a nation be debarred from this, it follows that its views must remain narrow and its actions and progress shape them­ selves accordingly. Spain did, to some extent, share this blessing with other nations in the latter part of the middle ages, when the center of commerce and learning was in the southern part of Europe. It is from this time that the Spaniard begins to play for a time such an important part in the history of the world. But this could have no lasting influence, for with the discovery of America this center moved towards the northwest, whence Holland and England

came to the front and Spain was left be­ hind. Besides this it is to be noted that the true national character of the Spani­ ard had already become fixed before he set out as a leader among nations ; he was overbearing, haughty and unable to take up new ideas and properly assimulate them. Again it was not so much that he wished to profit by the knowledge and experience of his fellowmen, but to satisfy his unquenchable thirst for gold that induced him to leave his home and plant colonies. To obtain gold was the sole end for which he es­ tablished a colonial empire, yres, for the same end he drank the very' lifeblood from these poor colonists, until they could bear it no longer. One by one they revolted and finally' the whole colo­ nial sy'stcm based upon such illiberal principles was shattered to pieces. It was indeed a misfortune for mankind to have a nation come to the front com­ posed of such narrow-minded people, who, being so disadvantageous^ loca­ ted, had been left to themselves and de­ veloped such a one-sided character.

But is not Spain almost entirely sur­ rounded by waters that have from the very' beginning of seafaring been the principle waterways? This is all very well, but what benefit can the country derive from it, since her coastal forma­ tion is such that no really' good harbors can be built? There are a few ports, but they' are of no great importance, none can be; the coastal plain is nar­ row and cut off from the central region,

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the home of the true Spaniard, by steep rugged mountain chains. Spain was a strong maritime power for a time, but she became this only through Italian influence. That entered through Portugal, and as her navy was not sustained bv the needs of the country, it finally became of little consequence, and passed almost out of existence, Navigablc rivers that connect the interior with the sea there are none; for within a few miles from the shore they come rushing down high bluffs and during the socalled dry season they turn into small rivulets. But Spain is cut off not only from the sea by mountains but also from the rest of the continent by the lofty Pyrenees. How difficult it is to cross this region can be seen from the fact that the Basques, the primitive inhabitants of Spain, have been left there unmolested and have retained their old homes and customs.

Arable land is found only along the narrow coast plain and river valleys, the central portion also being crossed by mountain chains. Agriculture therefore on the large scale is impossible, while statistics show that those countries are the most prosperous where agriculture is carried on extensively. But commerce lies equally prostrate on account of the absence of cheap means of transportation by waterways ; transportation by railway is a very expensive thing in a country like Spain. These high mountains crossing the territory have also had a marked influence on the political developement of the nation; a community or state can prosper only where a perfect unity is preserved. The people of Spain are divided b}' natural barriers and consequently have in different parts developed political institutions and views that were often hostile to those of other parts. This often led to revolutionary movements, yvhich have done

so much to give the nation its deathblow, Another factor that comes into consideration is the climate. Dividing the country into three parts, northwestern coast plain, the plateau or central rcgion, and the southeastern coast plain, we find that these divisions have markedly different climates, and in accordance therewith the inhabitants of these scctions follow different occupations and have entirely different interests, circumstances which have added greatly to the destruction oi national unity. The northwestern coast plain has a climate similar to that of England, France, and the western half of Germany, perhaps the amount of rainfall is a little greater; large forests of oak and boxelder have grown up, and on the whole the soil is well adapted to agricultural pursuits, The people here live in prosperity, but the tables turn on going farther south.

Instead of an oceanic we meet with a continental climate, characterized by its long cold winters and hot dry summers, It is not uncommon to have periods of seventy to eight}' days without a drop of rainfall, for the year 1S73 a period of 129 days is recorded, but what makes matters worse, after a long drought it frequently occurs that in a short time so much precipitation will take place that all vegetation spared by the all-parcliing heat and even houses are swept away by the ensuing flood. It is not likely that very industrious people will seek a home in such regions and what must Spain be when we bear in mind that this uninviting region is by far the largest part of the country. The climate of the southeastern coast plain is more what we would expect it to be for that part of the globe, namely semitropical, similar to that of Italy and consequently the occupation of the people there differs very much from that of the rest of the

* THE BLACK AND RED. state. Here we find a sturdy, energetic class of people, who have intermingled so little with the Castilian or typical Spaniard that they have developed a language of their own similar to Provcneal. Thus we see that only the extreme northwestern and southeastern parts, to which wc might add the nar-

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row river valleys, are favored by the climate, but these when compared with the rest form but a very small part of the state.

Such are the geographical conditions 0f Spain and their effects on the development of the state to-day. The nation is tottering to its fall and the day may not be far off when she will be no more.

What docs Science UJant in the Polar Regions?

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JN recent years we frequently find in daily' papers accounts of projects of scientific expeditions to the polar seas, While one party sa3's the antarctic sea should be explored, the other makes it a point to urge on all exploring of the arctic sea. But the question what science has really to search for in the polar regions is seldom discussed for the public, Wc shall therefore try to approach the subject a little more closely.

The two poles of the earth arc, as we all know, those points where the straight line around which the earth diurnally rotates, cuts the surface of the sphere, Tliese points remain at rest during the movement of the earth and ateachaday of half a 3'car’s duration alternates with a night of the same length. But wc must bear in mind that these are mere mathematical points, which external^ do not differ from the surroundings, 3’cs, which we should not even know if their position had not been previously fixed by special astronomical observations.

No science takes any interest in these two points of the globe, and Andree’s hazardous enterprise to sail over the north pole in a balloon is of no scientific value whatever, and it is onhr to be deplorcd that the expedition has cost the lives of the three sailors. Something entirely different are the scientific explorations of the polar regions in general,

where the attainment of the nearest possible point to the pole is indeed one object, but by no means the goal and purpose.

Let us take a look at the two polar regions on a map and we shall find that we know by far more of the arctic zone than of the antarctic. The main reason which accounts for this is that the arctic region is more near to us and that the mainland reaches away up into the North. For several centuries incessant efforts have been made to explore the unknown north polar region, so that that portion which is as 3rct entirely unknown has shrunk more and more. The attempts to find a navigable northeastern passage have resulted in the disclosure of the arctic sea along the Asiatic shore and the still greater efforts to gain a passage in the northern part of America revealed by and by the archipelago west and northwest of Baffin’s ba3r.

And through the efforts of Markham, Lockwood, and Nansen the 3’ct unexplored region has shrunk to the small area from Nansen’s most northerly point toward the northern coast of Alaska, We know now that the north polar basin is b3r no means, as has been believed at first, a shallow sea, for Nansen has found depths of over 1400 feet. The surface of this ocean is covered with masses of floating ice which incessantly

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go from Behring strait over the pole and ice which J. C. Ross discovered on his come down between Greenland and Ice- trip to the south pole in the beginning land. To fix the conditions of these cur- of the forties. Sailing along glaciers, he rents will be one of the main objects of hit upon an enormous volcano having a iuture exploring in the arctic sea, be- height of about 12,000 feet. From this cause they greatly influence the condi- volcano a white line extended over the tions of the climate on the American and whole horizon and it was found during European side of the Northatlantic the next days to be a monstrous wall ocean. To take measurements of the of ice, entirely fiat at the top. Ross shape of the earth.is another object of sailed along this wall for several days attention. without reaching its end and had to From these few indications we can see return, so as not to be enclosed by layers that the exploring of the north polar ol newly forming ice. During the next basin is of the greatest importance to year he returned and again found the science. wall but on a somewhat more easterly If we now look at the antarctic sea we point. Here it was somewhat lower notice that very little has been accom- and was split at man}'places by chasms, plislied here, for an area of 6,000,000 Here also is the nearest point to the pole square miles is }ret entirely unexplored, that has ever been reached. This enorAll the land that is known within the mous wall is over 450 miles in length, limits of the antarctic circle is a few extending from 150 to 300 feet above islands and several coasts. And of these the surface. It has no equal on earth, we do not even know whether the}7 be- and its accurate investigation would long to a continuous strip of land or to alone be an important scientific under­ separate islands. Yes, only 128 years taking, have elapsed since the antarctic circle has But there arc still other problems to at all been crossed by Cook. This ex- be solved in the south polar region, plorer also met one of those wonderful Over the whole earth there is stretched tabular icebergs with perpendicular sides an invisible net of magnetic forces, under which form one of the main peculiarities .whose influence the magnetic needle of the antarctic sea. This immense mass takes its direction north and south, of ice made such an impression on Cook These forces act so that on the American that he abstained from all attempts to side of the arctic sea there is a point on go farther into the south. It has taken the peninsula of Boothia Felix where a long while before other explorers have the needle stands perpendicular. This gone farther than Cook and all of them point is called the magnetic north pole were surprised at these immense icebergs and was first discovered by captain which they met there. Some of these Ross in 1831. The magnetic south pole icebergs reach a depth of over 1000 feet has not yet been found and to attain its below the surface and their horizontal exact position was the main object oi extention is five to ten miles, sometimes Ross’s great trip in 1S40—42, which we more than fifteen; some have even been mentioned above. But he failed to reach found to be over thirty miles long, so it. To get the exact position of this that their surface measures 500 square pole is of great scientific importance, miles and more. Something like this is and so much more so as the position of entirely unknown in the arctic seas, both continually shifts. Since the expeNoteworthy also is the immense wall of dition of Ross only now and then small ! i

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trips have been made into the antarctic any animals on the antarctic continent, sea, but everything leads to the conclu­ but it is generally believed there are sion that, if there is a larger mainland none. But there are numerous water animals, especially whales, seals, and around the south pole, only a few pro­ penguins. Representatives of the vege­ montories of it come into the vicinity of table kingdom are very scarce. The sur­ the antarctic circle. On the whole im­ prising scantiness of animal and vege­ mense stretch from Yictorialand to the table life on the continent is greatly due meridian of cape Horn indications of to the exceedingly low temperature. land were found only in a few places. The average pressure of air there is as It is highly desirable that this portion low as that of heavy storms with us. of the south polar region be thoroughly To get a thorough knowledge of the explored. winter temperature in the polar regions Of great interest is the search for or­ is at present the most urgent requisite ganic life, which is there cut off entirely of science. from all the other continents. The sea These are a few of the problems still animals in the antarctic sea are much to be solved, and we are fully entitled like those in the arctic, although they from the scientific standpoint to urge on arc separated by the warm zone. We all explorations which might lead to do not know as }rct whether there arc their solution. c£o^3(^Oc5>

JI Dissertation on passing.

JN these days of the bicycle, the street car, and the automobile — a centuiy hence we may add the flydng machine to the list — we don’t fully realize the im­ portance of being able to walk. Nowa­ days those of us who can afford it, take things as easy as possible when we go to school or to our office. We are ex­ perts in boarding, and jumping off streetcars; we can spin down Main street at the rate of ten miles or so an hour during the busiest time of the day without colliding with any omnibusses or riding over any elderly lad}' pedes­ trians ; but when it comes to a walk of a few miles, we are not “in it”. We get tired to death. Our swell “vici kids” produce those troublesome and highly uncomfortable little things that we are all more or less well acquainted with, and wre make up our minds not to in­ dulge very extensively in the future in the agreeable exercise of walking.

We S3'mpatliize sincerely with the plowbov who has to wralk all day, and not on cement walks and grassy footpaths either. Likewise our hearts melt for those Meandering Mikes and Wandering Willies, who are obliged to hoof it on dusty roads from one village where they didn’t vote “no license”, to another.

The “sheeny” peddler secures anights’ lodging and gets rid of his“gute Waren” much more readily if he can say in weary accents: “Ah liaf walk full sixteen mile today.”

Our hardy ancestors did not think it such a hardship to be compelled to make good practical use of their nether ex­ tremities. They didn’t think anything of a little walk of ten miles. Such a feat was a very ordinary thing in those days and was often performed byjpeople other than vagrants and pugiliststraining for a prizefight.

Still in spite of the rapid advancement

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of civilization with its automobiles and flying machines, there is no danger that walking will ever go out of style entirely. It is the natural way for bipeds and quadrupeds to move themselves about from place to place, much as eating is the natural way for themselves to satisfy their hunger. Of course fashionable people do not walk so much as farm hands and it is possible that they don’t eat so much either. And then, too, the man who wears out his patent leathers on stone sidewalks and Brussels carpets doesn’t swing his legs in quite the same manner as does the wearer of cowhide boots. If you are a close observer, you will notice a difference. The former puts his toes to the front, takes easy, dignifled steps and —uses his fork with grace and fecility. Thelatter walksflatfooted; takes steps a yard long, and — uses his fork only as a spear. — 0 genera ! 0 mores !

You can often tell a man’s social rank and position by his manner of walking, The mental qualities of a pedestrian, and especially his mental condition, are betrayed to some extent by his gait, If you want to find out if a man is perfectly sober or not, just observe his walk. If his knees seem to be unaccountably flexible and if his head and shoulders show a strong inclination to plunge into shop windows, you can safely draw the conclusion that he is not quite right. A person who thinks he is “pretty many” generally “gives away” his self-conceit by the way he walks, On the other hand, a modest fellow will mostly always take modest steps. In fact, every individual has his own peculiar gait. We often hear of people being recognized by their walk. The voice and features of a man are not the only means of identification he possesses. If youfindthat you have accustomed yourself to an awkward and ungraceful style

of walking, 37ou can correct that fault by trying hard and as it were, beginning to learn to walk again as you did when you still were a little fellow in dresses, I wonder whether the fond mammas of the next century will experience less delight in watching their young liopefuls taking their first few uncertain steps than our mothers did when we were little. It is not very likely that they will. It’s human nature to take pride in the rapid mental and physical dcvelopment of a little son or daughter, and it is to this piece of human nature that many of us owe the fact that we are knock-kneed or bow-legged. Let us look upon this as a warning, not to let our own little sons — if we are ever blessed with any — trot about the house before their little legs are capable of supporting them without injury, When we were little boys and went to school, we generally had to walk pretty far every day to get there, and perhaps some of us didn’t enjoy that walk very much. We preferred to “bum” school and run away to go fishing or “swiping” watermelons. Such fun as it was doing mischief of this kind! Now that we are grown-up people, we make little excursions on foot only when we are suffering from ennui and don’t know what to do with ourselves. When we go out for a walk just to kill time we generally have no particular destination whatever, We take any convenient direction, put our hands in our pockets, and drag ourselves along, whistling, perhaps, if we don’t feel too dull and are musically indined, the latest popular two-step. We come to some object or place of interest as, for instance, a dam, a park, cemetery, or the like, sit down to rest and dream, and finally turn back home. If you are an ordinary young man, your walk will be pretty stale for you, but if you happen to have a poetical turn of mind, you

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can manage to take some interest in hardly control his feelings, he jumps up

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your surroundings. If, however, you have too prosaic a nature to notice and appreciate the beauties of nature all about 3rou, don’t by any means try to put yourself in a poetic mood and pre­ tend that you are a very intellectual person. Nothing is worse than the af­ fectation of a -would-be poet or philoso­ pher. Better to be a “Heringsverkaufer” all your life than such a person, for you not only try to deceive other people, but 3rou also succeed in deceiving your­ self. So if you can’t write poems like Schiller’s “Der Spaziergang” or essays like Emerson’s on Nature, you had bet­ ter take along a novel when you go “spazieren”, or make your speech, for which latter 3*011 have a fine opportunity, being all alone with nature. Nature will not disturb you.

Great writers and philosophers have a great love for solitary walks. They keep their e3'cs and ears open and thus gather much material for literary work.

It seems that the brain is especially disposed to activity during a walk and it might be inferred that there is some connection between the lower extremi­ ties and the brain-pan. If 3-011 are ac­ customed to keeping3’our thoughts busy while walking 3-011 .will find that 3'ou can concentrate them on some particular subject more easily than under other circumstances. A friend of mine once said to me, referring to the eccentric behavior of some people while absentmindedly walking along, “It’s a queer thing, but I’ve noticed it with myself.

Sometimes when I walk to school and am thinking about something, I get exci­ ted and keep on walking faster and fas­ ter until I suddenly rouse ni3rself and find that I’m striding along at the top of my speed!” You read about the thing in novels too. Whenever the hero gets into a heated argument and can

from his chair and paces back and forth across the floor. And did you ever see a minister thinking about the sermon he is preparing ? He puts his hands behind his back, looks up to the ceiling; and with slow and dignified steps he prome­ nades from one corner of the room to another.

The usual object of the brain worker, when he goes out 1 or a walk, is to get some recreation and exercise so as to preserve a normal balance of his mental and physical powers. The philosopher Kant took a “constitutional” everyday, rain or shine, but then Kant was so regular in all his habits that he even got up every morning at precisely the same moment for some thirty 3rears. Com­ mon everyday people make it a rule to take a stroll only when the weather is favorable. Someone has made the state­ ment that a person ought to have some particular object when he takes a walk.

He doesn’t explain why, but if it must be so, it’s an easy thing to find an ex­ cuse for going down town. You can take a letter to the post office a mile away, which you might as well drop into the mail box in front of your door, or you can go down to see the weather report. But if you wish to walk in the country 3rou will have to go solely for the fun of walking, and I don’t see why you shouldn’t derive as much benefit, physically, from such a walk as from any other.

So far I have been talking about the walks you take “all byvour loneliness,” but the other kind really is much more pleasant and interesting. Kant made it a point to walk out alone, and for what reason do you think? He was afraid to talk while in the open air, because the air that entered his lungs through his mouth was colder than that breathed through his nostrils and not

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THE BLACK AND RED.

so good for his health. Most ofus don’t care to go to extremes like that, however, and we are not afraid to go promenading with a companion,—at least, not for that reason. In selecting a companion you naturally choose a person with whom you can have an interesting time of it, and you don’t place yourself under any particular restrictions as to age or sex. At college you can tell the

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boys who chum together by their going out walking together. When friends break up, the fact is published to the outside world by their ceasing to be seen on the streets together, and “new com­ binations” always cause some comment and furnish material for witticisms in the “Locals” column of the college monthly, “Otthry.”

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Cfte Star Spemglca Banner,

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rphe history of the “Star Spangled Ban­ ner”, from the birth of the nation down to the present time, is one of un­ usual interest. Prior to the Declaration of Independence the different colonies retained the standard of the mother country, with the addition, however, of some local emblem. Massachusetts, for instance, adopted for its emblem the pine tree.

A year after the signing of the Decla­ ration of Independence, Congress de­ creed, on June 14, 1777, that “the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternately red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a constellation”. The thirteen red and white stripes were pro­ bably derived from the red flag of the army and the white flag of the navy, which were previously in use. It is said that the thirteen stripes were first used in a banner presented by Captain Abra­ ham Markoe to the light-horse troop of Philadelphia in 1774. It is not known with any degree of accuracy by whom the stars were first suggested. Some ascribe the suggestion to John Adams, while others maintain that the design of the whole flag was borrowed from the arms borne by the Washington fa­ mily. Still another origin is claimed for

the national flag, it being asserted that the blue field was taken from the banner of the Scottish Convenanters, and is significant of “the League and Convenant of the United States against op­ pression.” This was the basis of our present flag, which only differs in the number of white stars cantoned on the blue, and is the first definitely recorded legislative act for the adoption of a national flag.

The thirteen stars on the blue canton in the flag of 1777 were arranged in a circle, although no special form for their disposition was officially prescribed.

The stars were probably disposed in a circle to symbolize the perpetuity of the new nation, as well as the equality which existed among them. The natio­ nal flag in this form continued un­ changed until May, 1795, when on the motion of Senator Bradelv of Vermont, whose own state and also Kentucky had been admitted to the Union, it was decided that the flag of the United States be fifteen stripes and fifteen stars. No provision however was made in the act for future alterations, and it was this identical flag that the Chesapeake flew in its famous encounter with the Shan­ non, ' off Boston, in 1813. Although several states in the meantime had been

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admitted into the Union, no alteration 4,1818, and the flag thus constituted was made until 1818. On January 2, was hoisted over the hall of representa­ 1817 Captain Samuel C. Reid recommen­ tives at the National Capital on the 13th ded that the stripes be reduced to the day of the same month. In consequence original thirteen, and that stars equal of the great increase in the number of to the number of the states in the Union stars, the circular arrangement had to be adopted, formed into one large star, be abandoned and the stars are now a new star to be added on the fourth of disposed in parallel lines. The stars, July next succeeding the admission of however, in the unions of flags used by any new state. A bill in which all these the war department are still generally grouped in the form of one large star. suggestions, except that designating the The naval flags invariably have the arrangement of the stars, were embodied, stars arranged in parallel lines. was approved by the President on April A. C. S. ’01.

Our forests.

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■^yTIEN our forefathers landed in the year 1607 the whole stretch of land from the Pacific ocean to the Atlantic ocean was covered with dense forests* with exception of the great western plain. And even this, according to tra­ dition was covered by trees. But the Indians burned it to hunt the buffalo, Evcry species of tree was represented, There was the soft southern pine and the hard hickory, the subtropical tree ferns and the northern pine. Huge trees with an intermingled and impenetrable underbrush made traveling almost a thing of impossibility. But these dense forests vanished with the population, In order to gain soil for planting, the early settlers hewed down trees and used only those which they needed for building their cottage. The rest they would burn, as they at that time had more than they needed. This careless destruction was carried on from that time until the present day. Large tracts of land were deprived of their trees in this way. Then in the northern states the lumberman cleared the land very fast. Men did not care about what harm they did to the land or what harm to the coming generations, their only

object was to make as much money as possible. Million and million dollars worth of timber was carelessly destroyed. Every part of the country is now feeling this terrible damage, Woods, as is known, are the natural storage places for water. The leaves of the trees catch up the rain and thus diminish the force with which it falls.

The soil which is interwoven with so many roots and covered with mosses has more power to retain the moisture, Besides, the thick foliage serves as a blanket to the water. The sun’s rays cannot pierce through it and hence the water does not evaporate so fast. This water then gradually sinks into the ground and feeds the springs, which are the birthplace of the thousand streams and brooklets that cross the country in every direction. Especially on hillsides one ought not to remove the trees, because here the roots are the only means to hold the surface soil, so that the water cannot wash it off. Now if they are taken away, the rain has all the chance to do its work. It has often happened that all the soil was washed off till the bare rock could be seen. The streams carried the sand down into the valleys

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THE BLACK AND RED.

and destroyed much of good farming while the oxygen which is so necessary land. But the water not only nourishes springs, but it is also the cause of more rain. As there is constant evaporation, the air is cooled; the vapor rising and meeting cold air, rain must needs be pre­ cipitated. This will make the neigh­ boring land more moist and fertile and will also produce a cooler and more even climate, a climate where the change between winter and summer is not so sudden and abrupt as it is in our country at present.

Then the forests are the great, natu­ ral purifying agents of the air. They with their leaves take up the carbon dioxide of the air and separate the union between the two elements, keep­ ing the carbon to build up the plant and yielding pure ox3fgen. Now if plantlife diminishes, the air will contain a much greater quantity of carbon dioxide.

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to animal life decreases. From this it follows that animal life will not be so vigorous as it was.

For all these reasons we ought to be as saving as possible with our wood­ lands. If this destruction of our forests keeps on in the dreadful manner it has been carried on, we shall soon have little or nothing left of them in a few 3'ears.

In many countries, cspecialty in Germany, forest laws have been passed.

These laws prohibit persons from felling more than a certain number of trees, and for those hewn down new ones must be planted. Germany has in this wa3r restored her forests and the people now see the benefits they derived from them. In our own country we ought to have such laws also. We ought to try to save and enlarge our forests, or regu­ late the cutting of the trees at least.

Ber Ztrad die Blllitel eiiur enidwng. :

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J)AS Gedeilien und Wohlergelien eines liche und zeitliche Yorstellen und das Gemeinwesens hangt viel ab von Denken nacli dem Kausalgesetz nur alldem Charakter der Erziehung in demsel- mahlich ausgebildet wird, und diese AUben. In alien Sphliren des menscliliclien mahliehkeit der intellektuellen AusbilLebens griindet sich der Erfolg eines jeden dung lasst sich uicht ableugnen. Sclion Menschen auf seine moralisclieFahigkeit John Locke hat zur Geniige die Absurdiund Tiichtigkeit. Der Zweck einer jeden tat der Annahme von angeborenen Erziehung muss nun der sein, in dem Ideen klar bewiesen. Die ganze UmgeKinde eine solche zu erzeugen und zu bung eines Menschen hat aufihn ihren nahren.

Einfiuss, und der Charakter eines Men­ Die verschiedenen Anschauungen und schen ist zum Teil das Produkt sorgfalVorstellungen, die Ideen der Tugend, tiger Erzieliung, die schon in der friiheder Pflicht und der Freiheit bilden sich sten Kindlicit ihren Anfang nelimen bei einem Menschen nur langsam aus. muss. Die Schule ist nicht dazu da, zu Die Begriflfe selbst sind dem Menschen bessern, was die Eltern verdorben hanicht angeboren, sondem nur die Fahig- ben.

Alle Schulen, welchedarum nur darauf keiten dieselben zu bilden, denn sonst miissten sie schon bei einem neugebore- hinzielen, den Menschen fur den Erwerb nen Kinde vorhanden sein. Die Erfah- tiiclitig zu machen, ihn nur fur den rung aber zeigtvielmehr, dassdas raum- Kampfum seine leibliche Existenz aus-

THE BLACK AND RED.

65

zuriisten, verfehlen die Hauptaufgabe Unterricht muss das Urteil, das Begeheiner guten Erziehung. Leider gibt es ren und Handeln der Schuler berichtigen in unserer Zcit viele, die, falls sie in dem lielfen. Die Hauptquellen fast aller unStudium eincr Sache nicht Geklgewinn serer Vorstellungen sind der Umgang crblicken, dassclbe fur iiberfliissig, zeit- mit andern Menschen und die Erfahversehwenderisch und darum fur ver- rung. Durch den Umgang cntsteht die kchrt halten. Aber die Erziehung ist Gesinnung gegcn andere Menschen, und nicht wiinschenswert, weil sie niitzlieh diese ist meistentcils tadelhaft, durch und notwendig ist, sondem weil sie den die Erfahrung gewinnen wir die rechte Menschen vercdclt. Die Zukunft des Kenntnis unserer Umgebung. Dass Staatcs und der Kirche rulit auf dem solche Gesinnungen gebessert werden sittliclien Gcdeihen unserer Jugend. miissen, ist wohl selbstverstandlich, Auch bestelit die Erziehung nicht allein doch darf auch die Naturkenntnis nicht darin, dass man dem Zogling allcrlei vernaehlassigt werden. Hauptsachlicli Kcnntnisse bcibringt, sondern dass man ist das Studium der Religion, der Gescinc Scele anlcitet und fordert in ihrer schichte und der Muttersprache von moEntwicklung und ihm die Tugend, Gott- ralischem Werte, doch darf das Studium seligkcitund Tuchtigkeit zumZiele setzt. der Mathematik durchaus nicht vergesIn dem Kinde muss fur alles Edlc Jnte- sen werden. Unter alien Wissenschaften resseerweekt werden. Hicrmit ist die ist die Mathematik, zusammen mit der Art der geistigen Thatigkeit bezeichnet, .Logik, die strengste in der Beweisfiihwclclie der Unterricht veranlassen soil, rung und sehr notwendig ist es, den Das Interesse aber soil wfihrend des Wert strenger Beweisfiihrung kennen zu ganzen Lcbens beharren. Doch zu dem lernen. Ein Irrtum ist es, den Glauben, Interesse muss auch die Vielseitigkeit weil er von dem Wissen unterschieden kommen, denn cine einseitige Bildung wird, fur schwacher zu halten, denn kann nicht den Zwcck, durch cine rich- schliesslich griinden sich alle Maxime tige Verbindung von Erkenntnis und und Axiome auf den Glauben. Denn guter Gesinnung cdle Charaktere zu bil- wirkliches Wissen ist es erst dann, wenn den, voll und ganz erreichen. Der ein- bewiesen worden ist, dass unter alien seitige Menschbewegt sich naturgemiiss Umstanden das Gegenteil nicht der Fall in einem kleinen Kreis von Anschauungen sein kann. Wohl gibt cs vieles, welches und ist oft sehr geneigt zum Egoismus. der Vemunft klar einleuchtet, doch der Eine allgemeine Vorbildung fur jedes Beweis lasst sich nicht erbringen, das Facli ist durchaus notwendig, denn eng- wirldiche Wissen ist sehr wenig umfangherzige Manner konnen wir nicht ge- reich, fast alles ist nur Wahrscheinlichbrauchen, sondern Manner, die an keit. Darum ist es denn auch sehr drinKenntnissen auf jedem Gebiete der Wis- gend notwendig, dass der Menscherkensenschaft reich sind, Manner mit kla- nen lernt, dass kein Wissen im Stande rem und scharfem Yerstaude, die dabei ist, die Zuversicht des religiosen Glautreu und gewissenhaft in ihrer Arbeit bens zu ersetzen.

Vor alien muss dcr Schuler lernen, dass sind.

Frcilich, der Wert eines Menschen er Pflichten zn erfiillcn hat, er muss geliegt nicht allein im Wissen, sondern im horchen lemen. Denn nur der versteht Wollen. So lange der Unterricht nur das Befehlen, und nur der kann sich-GeKenntnisse darbietet, insofern bleibt er horsam verschaffen, derselbst Gehorsam fur die Sittlichkeit wirkungslos. Der gelerrit hat, nur der kann gut regieren,

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THE BLACK AND RED.

der sich selbst regieren gelernt hat.

Nichts tragt melir zur Sittenlosigkeit bei als Traglieit und Gleicligultigkeit, stets sollte dcr Zogling bescliaftigt sein, und nach dcm Treiben desselben in der Freizeit geseben werdcn. Alle die nicht an Spielen und korperlichen Uebungcn teilnehmen, solltcn zu irgend einer Bcschaftigung gezwungen werden. Auch die Art der Beschaftigung sollte you deni Erzielier bestimmt werden, denn die Schuler sind zu unerfaliren in der Wahl derselben. Piinktliclikeit und Treue des Geliorsams kann nicht die Schule allein fordern, wenn nicht das Eltcrnhaus liier behilflich ist. Stets ist Gefahr, dass durch sehr grosse Strenge in der Zucht das Bose wolil von der Oberflache verschwindet, aber nicht ausgerottet wird.

Alle Gelegenheiten, die zu Unwahrheiten fiihren konnten, sind zu Ycrmeiden, und der Seele muss das Schreckliche und Schandliche einer Luge fest eingcpragt werden. Gegen Heimlichkeiten muss die grosste Strenge gebraucht werden, dagegen sollte gegen offene Yergehcn melir Milde walten.

Leider ist es zu bedauern, dass so viele Eltern die ganze Last der Erziehung auf die Schule legen, sie soli wieder gut machen, was die Eltern vernachlassigt haben .YieleschickenihreKinder nur in die Schule, damit diese nachlier viel Geld verdienen konnen. Die Welt in der gegenwartigen Zeit trachtet nicht nach dem Guten, sondern nach dem Niitzlichen. Eifrig ist man darum bemiiht, alles aus dem Unterricht zu entfernen, was spater nicht in Geld umgesetzt wer­ den kann. Aus diesemGrunde erklart es sich dann auch, dass in letzterer Zeit gegen das Studium der alten Sprachen so gearbeitet wird. Doch Manner you Erfahrung stimmen diesem Yerl an gen nicht bei. Auch Senator Hoar hat in einer

vor kurzer Zeit gelialtenen Rede darauf hingewiesen, dass das Verlangen dieser Leute, die alten Sprachen aus dem Un­ terricht zu entfernen, eher cinen Riickscliritt als einen Fortschritt bezwccke.

Denn das lernen der alten Sprachen sei fur die Beredsamkeit vongrossem Wertc, und dadurcli gewinne man erst ein klares Verstandnis seiner cignen Sprache uud von deren Grammatik. Durch das sorgfaltige Studium ihrer Littcratur gewinne man erst einen Einblick in das Leben und Treiben der Alten, das doch fur uns von grosser Bedeutung sein soll­ te. Ihre Geschichte ist fur ein klarcs Verstandnis der Wcltgcscliichte unentbehrlich, und sic ist von grossem moralischem Werte. Die Geschichte zeigt das Waltcn Gottes in dcr Welt, wie endlich alle Volker lcistungsunfahigwerden, und das Zicl Gottes mit derselben die grosse “Basilsia ton theon” ist. Wie Gott die Siinden dcr Yolker straft, und wie jcdc Sundc sich selbst racht.

Eint Schandc ist es, dass so viele die Pflegc ihrer Muttersprache vernachlassigen. Auch die Muttersprache hat ihrcn grossen sittlichen Wert bei einer Erzichung. Cicero sagt von den Gracchen und ihrer Mutter! “filios non tam in grcmio educatos, quam in sermonc matris Glueklich ist darum der Mensch, an dessen Ohr in seiner Kindheit verstandliche und liebliche Tone sclilugen, sodass er seine Sprache rein bildete. Die gemeine Umgangssprache auf den Strassen wirkt manchmal shadlich auf das Gemtit des Kindes.

Yor allem andcren aber darf bei einer Erziehung nicht Yergessen werden, dass wir alle arme Sunder sind, und dass wir die ewige Seligkeit nur durch das Yerdienst Jesu Christi erlialten, und den Frieden in Gott nur durch den Glauben an ihn erlangen konnen.

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Baseball

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QN May 26, the Black and Reds went to Oconomowoc to play the High School of that place a return game.

TIkw lost by a score of 7 to 8. But our defeat was clue to a great extent to “Cooney’s” umpire. We had the game well in hand from the very start. In the last inning, however, when the bases were filled and no man out, the umpire called one of our runners out when he was clearly safe. The High School bo3’s were out-ficldcd as well as out-batted.

Thc*3’ could do nothing with our pitcher.

Special features of the game were the pla\'ing of Arendt at second and the batting of Balgic. Following is the score: N. XV. II. AB Arondt 2b...... 6 Kohloff If...... 0 Sell webs 1 b...»5 Ucrzfeldt p...C I.nehku ns..... 5 Mnhnkc rf....5 Christgnu cf..5 Koch c ...

5 Bnlgic 3b...... 5 49

R IB PO E 2 1 4 0 0 3 10 0 0 3 1 «»2(»0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 12 2 0 1 __ 3 3 1 7 14 23 4

Oconomow’c AB RIB PO K Tweeden 3b...4 113 1 Nelson c......... 4 0 0 4 i Morris as..... 4 1 1 Wing 1b....... 4 1 1 Dnrrnh cf

Houghton if !

Modows rf.....4 Mull in 2b...... 3 Huebncrp..... 3 31

J ® J io o s

2 0 0 114 0 0 0 S 4 24

1 1 1 7

Struck out by llcrzfeldt s. by lluobuor l. Umpires, Lurdoncr, Tocpel.

entertained by our esteemed friend, Mr. Christiansen. The score: N. w. u. r h p a e Junemi R II P A E I.ucck 3b p....O 12 0 1 4 2 0 2 0 H<Sdf£e0 2b4 3421 Knoll c... 0 0 9 1 0 1 2 0 2 0 Knlpfer If 2 110 0 k^hThh3!! 2 13 51 SctaerHchel aa.O 14 11 4 14 10 Lees p 3b 0 12 5 2 ueidtkor ir.4 2000 Thnner rf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 cf.. sJffildJfrt";! 2 " 0 0 Acker Stueaaur lb...O 0 6 11 llocncckc cf..3 12 0 25 16 24 12

0 o

0 2

0 4 24

0 8

2 7

Saturday June 2, the ball club left for Beaver Dam to play theWa3dand Acade­ my boys a game of ball. We were sur­ prised to find Dodge a well known twir­ ier, but never for a minute did we lose our nerve, we went at him hammer and tongs and when he had realized that it was a game of ball he was pla3’ing he noticed much to his chagrin that the North westerns had accumulated 4 runs.

We kept the lead till the eighth inning, both pitchers receiving splendid support when several combinations on the field worked against us and we were van­ quished by a score of 9 — 4. Dodge for the Waylands pitched superb ball and Gusc for us was pushing him close in this pitchers’ battle. The score: it u p A E

On Memorial Day our boys went to Juneau for a game of baseball, winning by a score of 25 — 2. Although the score seems to indicate a onesided contest, interest was alwaj’S maintained throughout theganie bv the remarkable hitting of the visitors and the clean fielding in spite of the muddy field.

Owing to darkness only S innings were XDla3'ed. After the game we were royally

Wendt 2b

Gusc p 10 15 1 llcidlke O 2b.I l 5 2 0 Moiissa 3b..... 0 l 2 11 Ernst as.. ...0 0 0 6 0 I.ederer c ...0 0 4 1 0 Ilcidtko P. If 1 110 1 1 0 10 0 1 Piopcr lb 0 0 0 0 0 Saner rf.

11 ocuccko cf...O 0 10 0 4 3 24 14 4

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R H P A E McIntyre ss...l 3 0 2 McIntyre V c 0 1 14 2 4 Price 3b-.

11101 2 13 2 0 Cronk 2b 0 0 0 McGill cf.. l Wheeler rf..... 2 10 0 0 Bodge p......... 0 0 13 0 l 0 0 0 0 Webb If McConnekelb 1 17 0 0 9 9 27 7 7

On Ma3r 23, the Black and Reds defeated the first team in an interesting game by the score of 7 — 6.

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June 2, the Black and Reds defeated the High School team by a score of 4-—2.

Batteries: Black and Reds, Herzfeldt and Koch. High School: Lewandowsky and Fischer.

The Badgers were defeated by the White Diamonds Saturday, June 2.

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field Day.

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fTVHE time which has been assigned to X training for the coming field day has now nearly elapsed. The boys who wish to take part in the exercises have been busily engaged, and although this is the first undertaking of its kind at this college, a fair exhibition of athletic skill may be expected. Several prelimi­ naries have been held and the records attained are highly satisfactory. Especially noteworth}' is the progress made in vaulting. The highest record has been reached by Schulz, 9 feet, 3 inches. The class of turners is also making steady progress under its competent leader, and the turning apparatus will soon appear on the campus. The committee is now busy in outlining the field and giving each exercise its proper place, The field day will take place in the afternoon of commencement day, June 19, 1900. Exercises will begin at 1.30 P.M. The program for the afternoon will be as follows: I. Turning.

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Hurdle race.

Running high jump.

Shot put.

Vaulting.

Running broad jump.

100 j^ards dash.

III. Drill and Sham Battle.

In the evening an open air concert will be given by the band in the college park.

military notes.

JflARLY in May our company received an invitation to visit Oconomowoc.

The faculty granted the request and per­ mitted us to leave Friday, May 18, and to return on the following Sunday. Due preparations were made but it was impossible to obtain a suitable amount of cartridges at such short notice. Tbercfore we were prevented from giving a sham battle, Friday, shortly after dinner, wc started and after a pleasant march of 4'/2 hours wc arrived at Oconomowoc, fourteen miles distant. Wc were welcomed with hearty enthusiasm by the people of that place. In the evening our band played.

On Saturday morning wc assembled at 9 o’clock and were then marched to the dock to enjoy one of the happiest the moments we had in “Cooney, pleasure trip on Lac La Belle. Two trips were taken. For this treat we are indebted to the choir of Rev. Guenther’s congregation. After dinner wc assembled in the city park where the company gave a short drill and where our band rendered some fine music, Sunday forenoon wc attended church in corpore. About 3 o’clock wc started again on our return march to Watertown, grateful to the people who had so friendly entertained iis. As we ap­ proached Watertown and as we caught a glimpse of the water tower in the dis­ tance, a feeling of satisfaction filled us.

We arrived some time before seven o’clock. Such excursions are and al­ ways will be a great source of pleasure especially when made to such a pictur­ esque town as “Cooney.”

69

THE BLACK AND RED. At the last meeting of the military company the following officers were elected for the coming term: President, Edward Buerger; Vice President, Wm. Mahnke; Sec. Alfred Sauer; Treasurer, Thcophil Schroedcl.

In order to become acquainted with the battle formations and maneuvers, the com pa 113' has taken up extended order drill.

First lieutenant Zimmermann is in­ structing a number of volunteers that are to take part in the sham battle on field day.

The government has furnished a set of new rifles and belts for the future use of the company.

To insure uniformity of practice in the manual of arms, the captain is devoting one hour a week to prize drilling.

A number of new uniforms, manufac­ tured by the Pcttibonc Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, have recently been secured.

The officers of the military company that will graduate at our school this year are captain G. Ilinnenthal, first lieute­ nant H. Zimmermann, second lieutenant A. Lederer, third sergeant O. Hoyer, and color sergeant H. Paustian.

Beta Riw. ^piIE last meeting of the Beta Rlio Literary Society during this school year was held on May 26. The warm weather and the necessary preparation for the final examinations would allow no time for extra literary work, and it was therefore resolved by the society to adjourn until the next school \'ear. The officers elected for the next term are: Pres., Edw. H. Buerger; Vice-Pres., T. H. Schroedel; Sec., F. G. Christgau; Treas., Edwin Dittmann.

The program rendered on May 26, with the kind assistance of the orchestra was the following: Speech: Der Abfall der Niederlande.

J. II. Faustian.

H. C. Miller.

Music: Normandie.

Orchestra.

The German Language in Essay: America.

F. G. Christgau.

Schumann.

Music: Traumerei Orchestra.

Reading: DerToddes Tiberias...Geibel.

Rein. C. Ave-Lallemand.

Music: Gloria Mozart.

Orchestra.

Dialogue: Maria Stuart. Act II. Sc. 8. .....................................Schiller.

Thco. Ave-Lallemand and II. R. Zimmermann.

Music: Bridal Rose, C. Lavallee.

Orchestra.

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Commencement exercises will be held on June 19, at 10 A. M. in the chapel.

fllmtmi Uerein.

Am 19. Juni, Abends um 8 Uhr findet die diesjahrige Alumnisitzunginder Aula der N. W. University statt.

Joh. Ph. Koehler.

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Hugo Koch, ’03, and Edw. Dittmann, ’03, made a trip on their wheels to Oconomowoc on May 19th.

William Balgie, who attends the Law­ rence University at Appleton, visited his brother Fred, ’05, May 26th. He made both trips on his wheel, Teacher Wicke, ’00, from Helenville called at the Alma Mater May 26th.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

John Reuscliel, ’01, and John Manz, ’06, made a trip to Juneau on memorial day.

Otto Keller, ’04, made a business trip to Cambria June 4th.

At the Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., calls were distributed to the fol­ lowing former students of this institution: J. F. Albrecht, Fairfax, Minn.

Otto Keller, ’04, attended the wedding (Minn. Synod); A. H. Halfmann, Manof his brother on May 30. Herman chester] New Hampshire (Mo. Synod); Zimmermann, ’00, and Henry Bruns, C. Lehenbauer, Norman, Okla. (Mo. ’04, accompanied him.

Synod); Herman C. Ritz, Winthrop, The military company took part in Minn. (Minn. Synod); P. A. Schmidt, the memorial'exercises'on Decoration MissionaryontheSooLine(Mo.Synod).

The band went to Columbus on June Day. 4th.

On Decoration Day the baseball team Rev. Dornfeld of Kenosha paid a visit went to Juneau and played a game with the Juneau team. After the game the to his son Ernest, ’04, June 5th. players enjoyed the hospitality of Judge Solomon Jedcle, ’02, attended the wedChristiansen, who gave them a supper ding of a friend June 6th. and a very pleasant time.

Dr. Notz went to New Ulni June 5th Prof. Ernst attended the meeting of and returned June 8th. the Round Table at Madison June 2nd.

Rev. Knuth of Milwaukee called at

Herman Frank, ’01, attended the wedding of a friend at Beaver Dam M ay 31.

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The Messrs. Schulz and Pfund came from Madison on their wheels June 2nd.

They visited their brothers and friends at college and returned June 4th. if

Otto and Paul Heidtke, ’OCf, A. Sauer, ’02, and C. Sauer, ’04, spent Pentecost vacation in Juneau.

M. Raasch, ’03, visited friends near Oconomowoc during the Pentecost holidays.

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Edward Buerger, ’01, and John Reuschel, ’01, made atrip on their wheels to Milwaukee June 2nd.

Louis Krug, ’03, visited friends at Milwaukee June 2nd—4th.

Hugo Koch, ’03, Miss A. Koch, ’03, A. Sydow, ’03. and Carl Martens, ’06, spent the Pentecost holidays at their homes in Columbus.

The Misses Christiansen, Misses Notz and Miss Hoyer attended a picnic at Columbus June 4th.

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the Alma Mater June 7th.

The Messrs. Keller and McCornb visited otto Keller, ’04, June 7th.

Mr. John Hcidtkc called on his brotliers at college while in the city June 9.

June 17th the fiftieth anniversary of the Wisconsin Synod will be celebrated at St. Mark’s church. The college band will accompany the singing, Rev. P. A. Schmidt visited us June 11.

Miss Myrtle Boclius visited at rooms 22 and 24 on May 23d.

T. Ii. Faustian was at Ixonia June 3d - 4th.

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Commencement!

Those doctor bills!

“Papa Luke,” the “toby-sponger,”

THE BLACK AND RED. Whose letter miscarried ?

“Bimmel” shaves three times a week.

Dem “Phtholonyrrhs” went along to Cooney — to Br-ns’s great delight.

Our fly-catcher has invented a new machine for catching flies.

Solomon, the Swell sends his notes by mail.

Did you read the latest drama, “The Traged3r below the Arc Light” ?

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Hostess (calling Ike and Lord at 9 o’clock A. M.) Say, if you fellows don’t linrry up, you wont get any breakfast.

Friend (inquisitive) — Where did you acquire so much skill in playing baseball ?

Chr-stg-----While playing with the X league.

Why did Luke miss hours one day last week? Because he haunted bed-room No. 2.

My body is here but my soul is in Wa­ tertown.

Ebie makes calls only when Ike is out of town.

That baby pitcher, he spoils our bat­ ting !

‘•Jim Smiles” the only reliable score m arker.

If you have tears, prepare to shed them now — below the arc-light.

Anton Breitback alias Rudolph Krummback is local agent for tacks.

Kingfisher A. — When are we going to organize ?

Kingfisher B. — Oh, as soon as the Black and Reds have the diamond finished.

Why did “Scipio” come up for drilling on June 7th?

Old suspenders renovated at Lazerus’s shop on Highway St. Satisfaction guaranteed or mone}' refunded.

Inquire at the candy-kitchen for the origin of the name Deacon.

Marteen was glad to meet his friend “Buck” at the baseball game.

Student — Here I read man is the only animal for whom it isn’t natural to swim, how about the hen?

Philosopher — She has been associat­ ing too long with man.

A current question: “What was the price of your late illness?”

What did “Jim” want to prove about the evseribed poh'gon ?

Papa Luke — We have quite an im­ aginary (menagery) in our class.

Why is Cady street bridge frequented so by friend “Bog” and his companion “Praeses.”

I am it — Ditty.

Dionysius tondere Alias suas docuit — Dionysius lelirtc seine Tdchter das Rasieren.

Dago — 11—k- you.

“Butch” got on the roof in order to see the eclipse.

Who is “Veritas”?

The chief requisite of a good hurdler are his duck pants.

Bonesy is making himself very con­ spicuous as a good manager.

The poem in the last issue does not seem to affect the “Terrible Sponger.”

If a body meet a body Coming up Main Street, If a body should a body With a bright smile greet, Need they stop and hold the corner Down with willing feet; Thus forming for our admiration A bunch of daisies sweet?

Oh, those mosqtiito-bars; its all over now!

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THE BLACK AND RED.

A few nights ago K—tty and Deni Turners were keeping a strong lookout for students. They espied a dark body moving fast but very quietty down the campus. Their hearts leaped with joy and they managed to be near the gate when that body was about to come out into the street. But who can describe their astonishment when to their sur­ prise it was nothing but — a man with a cow.

Why was Swamp the only gentleman?

Ask Don about the refusal.

I forgot my notes because I had to patch my sporting vest .—The Plow Boy. Who is our new laundry speculator ?

Why are the students so anxious to have a glance at the inside of the type­ writing room.

Mr. Smiles, Esq., has abandoned his monotonous business of keeping bar.

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B-ss claim? to manipulate the machine best, while B-ll and M-yme think none excels them in gracefulness.

The shot have suddenly appeared again.

The Seniors are giving the photogra­ phers a good deal of work: We wonder why Schwyz so frequently calls on the west side dentist.

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This month, the last of the school 3'ear, finds our exchange table filled with many good papers. A review of the school magazines of the whole }rear re­ veals a decided improvement in not a few cases. Continual study of the dif• ferent papers throughout the year has been of benefit to us and has urged im­ provements found advisable here and

there. Nor has the exchange column been useless. We have considered criti­ cism on our paper well meant and sin­ cere for the greater part and have taken it in the right spirit. We extend our thanks to all exchanges lor the welcome they have accorded our paper. Quite gratified with the past, let us hope that the next year a still higher standard of literanr excellence' may be reached, than that already established.

The Mirror from the Moravian Seminary for Young Ladies, contains an interesting paper on “The Sun’s Eclipse”, which presents much valuable knowledge.

The Furman Echo ranks among the first of our exchanges. Its literary de­ partment is large and replete with pro­ ductions of considerable merit. Nor is the editorial section of the paper over­ looked. It is given due attention and subjects treated under this head are handled well. We heartily welcome the Echo to our table and would be pleased to find it there regularly.

“James Russell Lowell: The Citizen” is a lengthy essay in the Central Col­ legian. From this subject the writer deduces three main subdivisions and treats each as a separate article, — a novel but good idea. The essay is writ­ ten in clear forcible style and paints to our imagination a vivid picture of that great American in the capacity of a na­ tional citizen. “The Philosophy of Re­ volution” in the same number of the Collegian contains, indeed, a deal of philosophy and reflects credit on the writer. The exchange column is well conducted. On the whole the Collegian is one of our best exchanges of Ma}\ Quoth the Prof.: A fool can ask ques­ tions which a wise man can’t answer.”

Quoth the Student.: “I suppose that’s the reason so many of us flunk.”

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THE BLACK AND RED. The Sacred Heart Collegian assails us with a rather hasty, inconsiderate, ungentlemanly criticism. In realit}' the comment deserves to be entirely ig­ nored, but for the sake of maintaining our position to the use of several phra­ ses, we cannot forbear to let it pass without a reply. Without hesitation we admit that we don’t know all about the English language, nor do we know anvbody that does. Even Dr. Murray editor-in-chief of the New English Dietionary now in preparation disclaims such an honor. Our use of the phrases under consideration agrees completely with the use designated in Dr. Murray’s dictionary. We are, therefore, rather surprised that our English has not found favor with theeditors of the Collegian.

Moreover we must sa3r that the object­ ions made there are either pedantic or hypercritical. To make a distinction between “one another” and “eaclfother” may be very desirable, but unfortunate­ ly it is not observed by anybody. Genung (Outlines of Rhetoric, p. 311) says the expressions are interchangeable, and the NED says the same. Furthermore to come into connection”, which seems to have caused displeasure is supported by excellent authorities, Green tells us (cf. NED. s. v.) that we find Chaucer in close connection with Court. If we use a verb of motion instead of a verb of rest, we must say of course “to come into connection.” We fail to see that this expression is un-English.

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Library Hcceseions.

Wirt, William, Memoirs of the life of.

By John P. Kennedy. A new and re­ vised Edition. In two volumes. Vol. I. Philadelphia. La and Blanchard. 1S50.

73

1214x20 cm. 368 pp. 69: 42 y 1 Vol. II. Ibid. 1850. 391 pp. 69: 42 v 1.

Chase, Ezra B. Teachings of Patriots and Statesmen; or, the “Founders of the Republic” on Slavery. Philadelphia.

J. W. Bradley. 1860. 12x20 cm. 495 pp. 69: 43.

Goodrich, Charles A. A. History of the United States of America; from the discovery of the Continent by Christopher Columbus to the Present Time. Hartford. Brown. 1847. 12x20 cm. 681 pp. 69: 44.

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Lansing, Rev. Isaac J. Romanism and the Republic. A Discussion of the pur­ poses, assumptions, principles and meth­ ods of the Roman Catholic Hierarchy.

With an Introduction by Rev. Leroy M. Vernon. DD. Boston. Arnold Publish­ ing Ass’n. 1890. 13X191/*} era. xv, 447.

69: 45.

Ely, Richard T., Ph. D. An Introduction to Political Economy. New York, Chautauqua Press 1889. 13x2614 cm. .°»58 pp. S65: 8.

Ibsen, Henrick. The Master Builder.

A Pla3r in three Acts. Translated from the Norwegian by Edmund Gosse and William Archer. London. William Heinemanu. MDCCCXCIII. 227.

1214x1814 cm. 133: 1 v 1.

Ibsen, Henrick. John Gabriel Borkman. A Play in four Acts. Translated from the Norwegian by William Archer.

Ibid. MDCCCXCVIII. x, 202. 133: 1 v2.

Browning, Robert.

The Poetical Works of. With Portraits. In two volumes. Vol. I. London. Smith Elder & Co. 1S9S- 1314x20 cm. xvi, 748.

110: 22 v 1. Volume II. Ibid. 1898. vii, 7S6. 110: 22 v 2.

Standard Dictionary of the English Language upon Original Plans designed

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THE BLACK AND RED.

to give etc. Prepared by more than two hundred Specialists and other Scholars under the supervision of Isaac K Funk, D. D. L. L. D., Editor-in-chief etc. Complete in one volume. New York. Funk & Wagnalls Co. London & Toronto. 1897. 23x32 cm. xix, 2318 pp. 42: 13.

Handwocrterbucli d. Staatswissenschaften. Hrsg. von Dr. J Conrad, Dr. L. Elster, Dr. W. Lexis, Dr. Ed. Loning.

Zweiter Supplementband. Agrarverlialtnisse im Altertum—Zinsfuss irnMittelalter. Mit Register zum ersten und zweiten Supplementband, bearb. von Dr. Paul Lippert. Jena. Fischer. 1897.

15Y2x26y2 cm. x, 1076. 41: 2 v 8.

Hinrichs, J. C., Buchhandlung. Verzeichnis der im deutschen Buchhandel neu erschienenen und neu aufgelegten Bucher, Landkarten, Zeitscliriften etc.

1897. Zweites Halbjahr etc. Hinrichs’ Halbjahrskatalog 199. Fortsetzung.

MS. geschlossen am 31. Dezember 1897.

Iiy2xl9y2 cm. 842, 315 40: 1 v 14.

Kbafue for

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Spring.

A Cool, Serviceable and Economical Uni­ form for Spring and Summer.

IIS#

Price $5.50.

^ White Duck

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Trousers should ordered soon.

Send at once for Circular No. 2*1-2.

Cbe Pcttibotte Bros. Ittfg. go

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CINCINNATI, O., U. S. A.

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For first-class work in the line of

Photographic Novelties at 15 cts. per dozen to Cabinets at $1.50 go to

PAUL KNICK, 305 Main Str.,

Watertown, Wis.

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But the best work and the best service is at the

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SGX9©©©©©©©®SO0©©©O©G©©©©®©®e©©'3 i We cordially invite all lovers of Bicycle sport to call and inspect

delivered in any quantities

Wholesale or Retail.

“The Fowler Bicycle*” There is nonesuperior and the price is within reach of everyone.

^ GIVE US A TRIAL. >

Wm. Cr. Pritslaff & Co., i 307 Main Str., e%----------------

AGENTS,

Watertown, Wis. |

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(Samm’s Reliable Drug Store

Telephone 81.

Watertown, ■ Wisconsin,

is next to Post Office.

Everything pure, fresh, and up to date.

A large line of CIGARS.

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Dr. O. tVOLFPUM, DENTIST.

Fire Insurance.

FRED. GAMM,

209 West Main Street, Dosser Eros’. Buii.dino.

Watertown, Wis,

Watertown, Wis. eSibSite.SUtSlteSZteSUeSVk9

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For a Cool refreshing Drink — visit our —

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All (lrlnkH served rlglit up to the top notch,

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DRUGGISTS and PHARMACISTS 208 Main Street.

(COLE’S BLOCK.)

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MZiZMY FhaimaCy, 109 Main Street.

I I Soda at Fountain. j c“""’"‘',i""fUGS, HEDICINES, ii,

1 Scbempf & Schulz I| •7i

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and CHEMICALS. Neat line of Tablets and Stationery.

Prescriptions compounded at all hours.

THE

Whitely Exerciser

* Al. Fredrich's Elwry.Boarainfl Stable,i’BusClne.

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WOMEN gain round arms, strong backs and clear complexions.

NOYS and GIRLS gain a setting-up that lasts a lifotlme.

PRIDES 92.00, 93.00, 94.00, 99.00 7

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For sale by D. & F. KUSEE CO. 200 First Str., Telephone 39.

Opp. Commercial Hotel.

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Wu, Bucuheit, Pree't.

F. E. Woodabd, Cftflhler.

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Jkssk Stone, V.-Pres, E. J. Bkandt, 2d V.-Pres

Stoneware, *s* Flower Pots, %s* Etc.

Bank of Watertown.

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CROCKERY, GLASS- U WARE, LAMPS, > 8 BAR GOODS, ^ > I

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Incorporate Hay let 1851.

Corner of Main and 4 th Streets, WATEHTOtVN, WIS.

Consoml Hrttst, Capital and Surplus.

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EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEiatfaaaaaaaEEEEEBER a e

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Chocolate „ Mince Wafers. ii ii FRESH EVERY MORNING. Large Icc Cream Parlors in Connection.

Give us a call.

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a People’s Candy Store, |

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Stack * Baumann, Props., Dormer Block, W. Main Street.

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Simon f. Bloch, 117 Third Street, Watertown, Wis.

WATERTOWN, IF/5.

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$033S33£S3SS3£3S3^^SSS3S3SSS£JO<>

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For the most delicious Ice Cream and Soda Water in the city, try the

PALACE OF

SWEETS,

G Maiu Street.

J. C. WEBER, Prop.

E. C. HEYN, BAKERY && CONFECTIONERY. Dealer in Minnesota Flour.

Watertown, Wis.

217 N. Second Street,

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September 1900.

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I Schiffler & Wegetiianti «

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Are again ready to sup­ ply your wants for the college year. We have everything new {and fashionable in Cloth­ ing, Furnishings, Hats and Caps. Come in and examine our stock before making your purchase.

m

• -• For WINTER • •

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GOOD FOOTWEAR, A £ r.

—Call at —

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8 We try to give Satisfaction.

A 0^ 402 Main Str., WATERTOWN, WIS. ^£ A JifYsW

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merchant ioc £iaar Jfrc sc £mr * <* * Lead them all.

)

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Schiffler $ ^Tegetnann, 217 Main Street, Cor. Third,

105 West Main Str.,

Watertown, Wis.

Watertown, Wis.

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Schempf Bros. Co. THE BIG CASH STORE.

We’ve just received A new stock of splcud values in Men’s Fancy Shirts at 50e, 75c and $1.00 Many styles, too.

Plenty of Neckties of the newest kinds—25c and 50c.

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CLOTHIERS

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Schempf Bros. Co. 107 MAIN STREET, T WATERTOWN,

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117 Third Street, Watertown, Wis.

Watertown, Wis. For the most delicious Ice Cream and Soda Water in the city, try the

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If you want firstclass and satisfactory 209 WK8T Main Strrrt, Doxxer Bros’. Buri.nixo.

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Photographers.

Badger State Cigar.

The Largest Assortment of

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POCKET KNIVES, RAZORS, RAZOR STRAPS, SHAVING BRUSHES and SPORTING GOODS

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Our line of Gents Underwear is excep­ tionally complete. You will find it includes every style, size, and quality and the prices are lower than you would pay forthc same grades elsewhere. A dry goods store can sell just as good an article and at less money than the exclusive stores. We can furnish a satisfactory article at prices from 25c to $2.00 a pieoc, according to your liking.

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Call and see us.

D. & f\ Kusel Co. Gamin’sis Reliable Drug Store inext to Post Office.

Everything pure, fresh, and up to date, A large line of CIGARS-

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First-Class Work in all Branches.

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__<*s.

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(Ebc ^lacE artb Heb. Volume IV.

Watertown, W&coiis/ri, September, 1900.

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Number 4.

Board of Editors.

Ed\y. H. Buerger, ’01, Editor-in-Chief.

H. A. Frank, ’01,

Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

H. W. Luebcke, ’01,

Theo. H. Sciiroedel, ’02,

Edmund Blieeernicht, ’03.

The TSlnolt ami Red la published monthly during the school year by the students of tbe Northwestern Uni­ versity. Subscription price, 50 cents per annum In ndvanco. Advertising rates furnished on application.

i

All literary matter should bo directed to the Rdltor-ln-Chlef, business letters to tho Business Manager. Subscribers will plonse give notice of change of address, and when falling to receive tho Black and Rod regularly, notify us at once.

Trintod by D. Blutuenfcld & Son. Entered at the Post Office of Watertown. WIs.. ns second-class matter.

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editorial.

■^^HEN the foregoing number of our approached them, the words: “Here we college paper appeared, we were arc again” expressed the thoughts of all still at our studies and surrounded ever}rone. These words convey a deep by familiar faces. Since that time we meaning to the student who is ready to have spent a vacation at home. We begin a new school year. He is glad to have again returned to college and now meet his school friends again. He sees we are pursuing our studies again as before him another year of his college before, just as if nothing else had hap­ life and forms the good resolution to be­ pened in the meantime. Indeed, it seems gin it with new zeal and vigor. Es­ to us but like a dream. Pleasant recol­ pecially for the senior the return to col­ lections may tell us that our stay at lege is an important topic to meditate home was a rather eventful one, but va­ upon. He notices the strangers around cation had seemingly only begun, when him. Their forlorn countenances betray the day came once more which called us that they too have left home to make from our rest and enjoj’meuts back to college their abode for some time to our studies again. And when we ar­ come. They eye the old student with a rived at Watertown and caught a profound reverence, as if wondering at glimpse of the college buildings as we the marvelous capabilities of his mind.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

How they long for the time, when they brutal acts occur, the fault lies not in the are to occupy the same place! But how nature of the game but in the character different is the senior’s view of it! He of the players. Men who commit them would, in most cases, gladly live college during a game will commit them at life over again. But there is still one other places also and such persons arc year before him. If he has neglected one not fit for society. Their proper place is thing or another, lie has still one oppor- not at college but at some house of cortunity to redeem himself. Spurred on rcction. An eleven composed entirely of by these thoughts lie eagerly resumes his students will not allow their reputation studies, in order that in the end he may to sink to such a low level. It is usually have the satisfaction of having done his the “hired man”, whose only pride con­ sists in displaj'ing his physical force, that duty. deports himself improperly. The fact is indeed deplorable that so many of our colleges, after all the remonstrances that AGAIN colleges have opened their por­ have been made against the practice, en­ tals to the studious world. Both gage men to play the games, thus de­ professors and students are poring over priving the students of a part of their their books to absorb the knowledge athletic training and sport. Baseball that has been gathered the world over. has been ruined at main' colleges on ac­ For what end? All for the sake of an count of this practice, because it fostered education, a little mental training. Yet the idea among the students that they while they are thus busily engaged in were not able to play a good game. If improving upon their mental faculties their finances then would not permit they will not forget the old saying, mens engaging professional men, no baseball sana in corpore sano. For this reason was played at all. May this fate never athletics play by no means a secondary befall football. part in the education of our American students. Football is the password now and indeed it is well chosen. It is, in fact, one of the very few true manly Jl^OW that the safety of our legations in China is assured, the question sports. Although it is not a new game, for we find it pla}7cd as far back as the of universal interest is the policy to be sixties, yet it is nothing old. Yes, it is pursued by the United States. At the becoming more popular every season, beginning of Chinese complications it No college can be without a well was our avowed purpose to rescue Minequipped football squad. It not only ister Conger and the missionaries and affords excellent physical exercise, but then to withdraw. Were we to stick by also gives that courage of heart so com- McKinley’s original program, our mendable a quality with our Germanic troops would be recalled forthwith. It ancestors. That many of our younger would not be acting with discretion to boys are lacking this can be seen from do this immediately, for we have not the fact that the37 hesitate to take part obtained as 3-et am7 guaranties for fuin any game for fear they might receive turc times. And we are all certainly a hard thump. The prejudiced say foot agreed that some demands must be ball is a brutal game. To them -we say made of China by way of retaliation, that they either do not understand the As long as indemnity* for future times is game or the meaning of the word. If not assured, our troops ought to remain.

THE BLACK AND RED.

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Still, if this policy is enacted, our country stands in imminent danger of a dark, menacing cloud already hovering on the horizon. It is the sad disharmony of the European concert in affairs regarding China of which we speak. We are likely to become implicated in this new trouble if we maintain troops in China much longer. Here then is the hitch. If the troops sire withdrawn we may fail to prosecute our demands. On the other hand, if the}' remain, it means ultimate entanglement in European affairs. And though there might be a possibility of evading hostilities with European powers, we would nevertheless soon get into the same trouble with China that we experienced with the pertinacious guerilia fighters of the Philippines and find ourselves utterly incapable of letting go.

Somcthing must lie done, however, and that quite soon. Russia and Japan are on the verge of a war over the management of Korea, and England and Russia arc tossing about on troublous seas with a clash not very remote. Here then is another problem that awaits a speedy diplomatic solution.

*jnHE two great political conventions arc things of the past. The nomin­ ations for the presidency have been cheered by thousands of enthusiastic citizens. We now see the leaders of opposite parties battling for the supreme goal of political ambition. What one part}' extols as noble statesmanship, the other denounces as a base surrender of constitutional principles, indicating the overthrow of the liberties of the people, But the situation is not so dangerous as it appears to be. History shows that changes in party control of the government do not produce alterations of publie policy in proportion to the wide dif-

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ferences between parties in their views of national affairs. On the contrary, there is a general resemblance in the tendencies of the administration and in the course of the opposition no matter which party­ occupies the position. At times it almost seems as if parties had completely turned about, each standing where -the ether used to stand. Performance and criticism are very different. The one is difficult, the other easy. The one has to do with stubborn facts, the other has to do with a pliant opinion. So when one party passes from opposition to administrationit is confronted with conditions, and in the long run its conduct is moulded by those conditions into general conformity with the policy which the opposing party had pursued under similar circumstances. A marked instance of this is the way in which the old Jeffersonian party gradually devclopcd a policy which could not be distinguislied from the old Federalism save by extraordinary power of perception, Every party which rises to power goes through a similar experience and soon finds that circumstances alter cases.

The general course of political develop­ ment is determined by influences far deeper than the ideas and opinions of politicians.

JT is sad to see so many promising young men lounging around on the lawn or sitting in a bunch, smoking their pipes and “chewing the rag.” They are idling away their time by doing absolutely nothing at all. It is especially to be regretted, where this is the case in the students, who surely did not- come to college to take life easy, but who came with the intention of increasing their knowledge through hard study. Such boys waste precious hours. “Time is money,” says the business man, and

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why not with us also?, A chance once missed will seldom come again. A young man ought never to be prone to inactiv­ ity. It is not said that all your avail­ able time should be spent in studying.

Pay also a reasonable amount of atten­ tion to exercising your body. Now that the football season has arrived this op­ portunity is within the reach of every­ one. This national game ought to be introduced at all colleges and ought to receive the hearty assistance of every student. It trains his body and mind, makes him quick to think and act, and gives him that power of endurance

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which will stand him in good stead through life. Another thing may be mentioned here. If you have too much time and don’t know how to dispose of it, help the college paper. Do not leave the whole work rest upon the shoulders of the editing staff, but try to relieve them as much as possible by your own contributions. Their office is surely not a sinecure. Always keep yourself busy, be it in mental or in bodily exercise, and never allow your mind to become slug­ gish by doing nothing. To rest means to rust.

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Literary. tbe first American novelist ■

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fpHE American revolution had severed all bands that hitherto connected the infant states with their mother country. Among these the breaking of all literary ties was by no means of least influence upon the future development of our republic. Our fathers were then al­ together dependent upon themselves in regard to literary productions. But like all other obstacles that might have tended to the dissolution of our newly formed union, this also was victoriously overcome. As this country had always been the asylum of all those European people suffering from religious persecu­ tion and seeking an altar upon which they could worship their God according to their own persuasion, our fathers were first of all anxious to produce a learned and godly ministry. Such col­ leges as Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and

Columbia give full evidence to this asser­ tion. By far the greater part of their graduates were intended for the minis­ try. But not theology alone, questions of government received also an equal amount of attention. The constitution gave those enlightened publicists of Europe an idea that we were by no means a rabble of law-defying revolu­ tionists. Next to this branch of litera­ ture must be added that of oratory.

From Patrick Henry to Fisher Ames what a row of illustrious orators! How their eloquence moved the people to act!

The great revolution was the result.

We must next turn to a still different branch, namely, to the realm of the American novel. Charles B. Brown is the name of the writer, who was not only the true pioneer of the American novel, but also the first professional man

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of letters on tliis side of the Atlantic, Not even in our time has the number of those authors, if we exclude the editors of newspapers and journals, that wholly depend upon their success in the cultivation of literature, attained any considerable number, and a century ago tliis would almost have seemed impossible. Brown affords us almost the only instance of a writer in his time whose means of support rested entirely upon his success as an author.

Brown was born in Philadelphia five years before tlic declaration of independcnee. He was brought under the tutelage of Robert Proud, the historian of Pennsylvania, and having quitted this school, devoted himself to the study of law.

But the more lie penetrated into this new study, the less lie liked it, till he gave it up altogether. The first of his productions that is worthy of note is “Al_ chin, a Dialogue on the Rights of Women.” He was led to this, like many other writers who wrote on the melioration of mankind, by the French revolution, which was then at its height and did away with everything that pertained to Christendom. His next work was “Wieland,” in which he portrays with frightful vividness of coloring the consequences of a crime caused by ventriloquism. This novel was followed by “Ormond” and this by “Arthur Mervyn.”

In the last named he recounts the ad. ventures of a youth during the dreadful period of the pestilence in Philadelphia.

Although the incidents here described have but little connection, and the author is also guilty of many other faults, etill it is a novel ranking first among early American classics. The following is an abridgment of the plot: Arthur Mervyn, the son of an unedu. cated yeoman of Chester county, Pennsylvania, was the only surviving child of a numerous family. His constitution

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being frail, he was not used to hard work but indulged in roaming about in the woods and in the private study of books. Through this he attained knowledge not usually found with boys of his age and class. After the death of his mother the duties of the household devolved upon a young rustic girl who entices Arthur’s father into marriage, Arthur had never been on a good footing with her and he now sees his situa­ tion aggravated by this new event. He therefore leaves his paternal roof to seek his fortune in the city of Philadelphia, With totally exhausted purse, tired and hungry, he reaches the city in the evening. Remembering that a neighbor of his father is in town, he proceeds to the inn where he usually stays, but falls into the company of a youth who pays for his supper and takes him to his own house for a night’s lodging. Bringing him to a room in the third story of a magnificent house his new friend locks him up and leaves, never to return, thinking it to be a practical joke upon the rustic Arthur. Exploring the room he finds a baby sleeping in the bed. He hides in a closet and awaits with beating heart the owner of the room. A man enters, whom he finds to be the father of the child. He leaves the room again and on his return brings with him his wife, They go to bed. Arthur, surrounded by danger and anxieties, waits till midnight and then makes his escape undetected, The next morning, hurrying to leave the city, he encounters a passenger whom he asks for a loan, but who engages him as his amanuensis. Welbeck, his benefactor, leads him into a magnificent dwelling and provides him with a com­ modious apartment and splendid clothing. He is introduced by Welbeck to a beautiful female, to whom he should pay the respect due to his daughter. Arthur is bewildered by what has befallen him

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in so short a time. He thinks Welbeck to be no other than a renowned foreign­ er who took refuge in America from op­ pression at home. After some time Wel­ beck exacts a promise from Mervyn to be silent in regard to all his adventures before his reception into his family. Ar­ thur’s suspicions are aroused by this strange conduct and he no longer re­ gards Welbcck and the lady with the same complacency as at first, and his suspicions are confirmed by accidentally meeting Welbeck at daybreak coming from the room of his supposed daughter, and the}' are still heightened by seeing the lad}' in a condition only compatible with the character of a wife. His con­ nections with his benefactor are now suddenly brought to a close. Returning one evening to Welbeck’s house to give him some very important news, he is dis­ appointed by not finding him at home.

The servants retire, but he alone stays to wait for him till midnight. Leaving the parlor he notices on his return that the candle is gone, which he left there but a few minutes ago. He lights another and is shocked by the report of a pistol, and hurrying to Welbeck’s room, he thinks that Welbeck has entered the house in some mysterious way and expects to see him having committed suicide. En­ tering he finds Welbeck alive but gazing at the corpse of a man before him, just now murdered. Welbeck now discloses to Mervyn his whole history, his profli­ gate career, his villainy, wickedness and sensuality, leading him to utter ruin.

The lady, his supposed daughter, had been one of the victims of his villainy.

He had that day found that all his busi­ ness ventures had failed and had also heard of the arrival of a man whose sister he had seduced. Both accidentally meet, and the result of the consequent interview is the dead man before them, Arthur and Welbeck now bury the

corpse in tlie cellar of the house and leave the city, crossing the river in a boat. \ While in the middle of the stream Welbcck plunges into the water with the intention of committing suicide, ab­ sconding from his creditors and avoid­ ing an arrest for murder.

Arthur goes ashore and the next morn­ ing seeks occupation as a laborer at the farm of one named Had win. Had win is the father of two daughters. The elder had already disposed of her affections.

Arthur falls in love with the younger.

While there he begins to read a book taken from Welbeck’s house and belong­ ing to Lodi, the brother of Welbeck’s supposed daughter. In the course of his study he finds $20,000 cemented be­ tween the leaves.

But now came the news of the pesti­ lence that was ravaging in the city and that filled the country with fear. No­ body was more effected than Susan &rt Hadwin, the elder daughter, whose be­ trothed was still residing in the city.

Having not heard from him for some time, Arthur secretly leaves for the in­ fected city to go in search of Wallace, Susan’s lover. He also intends to restore the $20,000 to Lodi’s sister, whom he thinks to be their owner. Coming to the house of Thetford, Wallace’s em­ ployer, he hears that the whole family has removed some time ago. The next morning he seek’s Wallace’s new dwell­ ing, but finds that but a few days ago he had been sent to certain death to the hospital. Returning again to Thetford’s dwelling to recover at least Wallace’s property, he is astonished to find the lost youth there himself, having miraculously escaped the terrors of the hospital, A gentleman, whose way lay past Hadwin’s house, is persuaded to take the emaciated and exhausted Wallace in his coach. Once more given to himself and having already caught the fatal germ

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THE BLACK AND RED. of the prevailing disease, he suddenly strikes upon the deserted house of Weibeck and intends there to die in peace, But not even here can he find the rest he is looking for. He is disturbed by the sudden appearance of Welbeck, who had escaped from the river, had been hos­ pitably received by a stranger, and had now come in search of those $20,000 which he suspected to be in Lodi’s book and which were now in the possession of Arthur. Mcrvyn discloses that he is the possessor of the bills, but can not be prevailed upon to hand them over to Welbeck. Seeing his attempts fruitless, Welbeck declares the bills to be forged, whereupon Mcrvyn holds them to the candle and burns them. Welbeck’s rage on seeing this is great, but he is prevented from violence on Arthur by the entrance of some one. Mcrvyn hides in a garret and in the evening leaves the ill-fated house. He falls exhausted at

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the door ot a benevolent citizen, who takes him into his home and nurses him till he finally recovers. This stage being attained, he relates to his benefactor the history of his adventures, which is the contents of the volume before us.

“Arthur Mervyn” was succeeded by “Edgar Huntley, or the Adventures of a Sleep-walker.” The author portrays a number of wild, picturesque, original isl­ cidents and hairbreadth escapes. But the somnambulism here is as strange as the ventriloquism in “Wieland.” Next was published “Clara Howard,” and this series of novels was closed b3r “Jane Talbot.”

Brown died at the early age of thirtynine years, and it can only be regretted that his life was so short. Weak as his style may seem at this time, his works are still original and peculiar and will always take an honorable place among the American classics.

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On Showing Off. ■yTANITY, pride, ostentation, love of display,—all these terms are understood by most people in rather a bad sense, and perhaps not without reason; but when you consider seriously, are the social crimes they represent so very lieinous after all? Charles Lamb, in his “Last Essays of Elia,” writes about various things that he calls popular fal­ lacies, and shows why we should not, for instance, “rise with the lark.” He also gives very good reasons why you need not necessarily “love me and love mv dog,” and is of the opinion that “that is not always handsome that handsome does.” No doubt there are some people who, while conceding that Lamb was a bright man, would feel like criticising his bold overthrowing of ideas that have not been questioned for ages

as to their correctness. And also, no doubt, many critics would frown over these otherwise very aimless paragraphs, if it were made their main object to show that the generally prevailing ideas in regard to vanity, pride, etc., are, when disinterestedly reflected upon, really popular fallacies, You never hear anybody say that this or that individual “likes to show off,” in such a manner as to make the impression that he approves of such action, Did you ever look through one of those little “story books” for children? You know what they are. Board covers, brightly colored pictures, large print, and so on. They generally contain a lot of good proverbs and things of that kind, intended to fill the tender and susceptible mind of youth with all kinds of noble

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ideas and lofty aims, and among them you always find some pertaining to the dangerous and wicked nature of vanity, pride, etc. Of course these teachings are very wholesome, especially for that happy generation that has many years of rising to go through yet. Without a doubt they save many thousands from a fate like that of Beau Brummel, who, in spite of the enormous riches he once possessed, died a beggar and in great miser}*.

But his is an isolated case. The common, everyday vanity that we, in colloquial style, call, “showing off,” is quite harmless. Why shouldn’t a man think a good deal of himself if he wants to?

Self esteem has always been considered a virtue, but it is doubtful whether most people know just where selfesteem ends and self conceit begins. In fact the two are the same thing, only looked at from different points of view. What one man regards as a perfectly proper degree of self respect, another may criticise as unpardonable egotism.

It may safely be said that all ages, sides, conditions, and ranks are alike in this great weakness of the human race, if we must call it such. Numberless examples might be cited, but in this very informal essay a few personal experiences, if their narration here may be pardoned, will suffice.

“The only reason why I smoke,” I am in the habit of saying to my friends when I promenade down town with them, “is that I like to show ofl. I can’t see how. in the world people can take pleasure in smoking, unless thereis somebody looking on. It (smoking) makes me sick and gives me headache and all kinds of other unpleasant aches, but if I can saunter along with a cigar gracefully held between two fingers, occasionally taking a nauseous puff and blowing the smoke to the winds of heaven with

nice care and precision, I feel supremely happy, if there are only a lot of people on the street to see how sporty and swell and manly and so forth I am.”

They always laugh when I say this and tell me that that is not the case with them. But I don’t know about that. I am in the habit of judging other people by myself, you know—not such a very bad habit, by the way, if you are honest about it.

The other da}r I was walking on Main street, when I caught sight of one ot my friends just going up the steps to the doctor’s office with a large white handkerchief tied over his eyes. Evidently he had been hurt in a football game which I knew was being played on the campus —it was a practice game—and it might have been a serious thing. However that may be, he noticed me and pointed to the bandage on his head with a smile. A clear case of showing off. “I’m no ordinary invalid,” his gesture seemed to say. “I was hurt in a football scrim­ mage. Oh, I’m tough, I am.”

Now some people, to whose credit it must be said that they have a little good sense at least, try to conceal the fact that they are just a little inclined towards showing off once in a while, But is this just the right idea? Isn’t it much better to confess frankly that there is nothing more behind it all than a natural desire to put yourself forward and to let people know that you are “it,” more or less? Candor is a very good quality which may sometimes be carried so far as to cease being a virtue, but in this case there is little danger and, if you observe the rule above suggested, the boys-to say nothin^ of the girls— will be far less likely to speak of you as being a person who thinks he is “the whole cheese,” “the only tin can in the alley,” or “pebble on the beach ” There are a good many foolish persons

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Vanity is one of the most common and least objectionable of human weaknesses

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and great men have been afflicted with it. Goldsmith and Lord Beaconsfield are illustrious examples. At any rate, it is a shining virtue when compared with envy. Remember that, ye scoffers and would-be critics of the tasteful and fash“Egotist.” ionable!

$°53c$0$> Ueber Bildung.

JJILDUNG ist das Gesclirei des Tagcs. lichen Ausbildung gaben. Die kleinen Jcdermann spricht von Bildung, je- Knaben mussten friih ihre Eltern verlasdermann will gebildet scin. Ein jedcr sen und sich schweren Uebungen und ArMensch trachtet danach, gebildet zu beiten unterziehen. Wenn sie nun zu werden. Und was verstehen die Men­ Jungen Mannem herangewachsen waschen unterBildung? Ja, wenn in irgend ren, waren sie Muster von kraftigen einer Sadie, so haben gerade in dieser Menschen; und sie hielten es fur die Sache vielc Leute oft falsche und ver- hochste Ehre, in den olympischen Wettworrene Begriffe. Der eine halt das fur spielen Sieger zu werden.

Bei den Romern wurde ebenfalls fur die Bildung, wenn man schr klug iiber Wissenschaften reden kann, wenn man auch Ausbildung des Korpers ernstlich Sorge keine davon beherrscht. Ein anderer getragen. So hatten diese das grosse wieder halt das fur gebildet, wenn einer Marsfeld, wo ihre jungen Leute zu tiichsich gut benehmen und mit den Leu ten tigen Soldaten herangebildet wurden. feine Gesprriche ftihren kann. Dann Doch legten dieRomer auch vielGewicht gclien ctliche sogar so weit, dass sie mei- auf die geistige Ausbildung.

In unserer Zeit nun herrscht noch oft nen ein solcher sei gebildet, der es versteht sich schon und geschmackvoll zu das Gegenteil. Bei uns wird am meisten kleidcn. So herrschen hier die verschie- auf gute Ausbildung desGeistes gesehen.

Die korperlichen Uebungen werden von densten, ja fast lacherliche Meinungen.

Wir fragen nun: Was ist wahre Bil­ vielen beinahe ganzlich vemachlassigt. dung ? und worm besteht sie ? Zur wah- Doch sehen die Menschen fauch ihre ren Bildung gchort gar viel. Sie umfasst Fehler ein und versuchen das Versaumte den ganzen Menschen. Da ist schon die einzuholen. Da werden Turnschulen, tuehtige Ausbildung des Korpers no tig. Sclnvimmanstalten und sonstige UeDer Korper soli dem Geiste dienen und bungsplatze erbaut, wo man den Korper muss daher kraftigund gesund sein. Es ist iiben kann. Auch kann man guteUebung mit dem Menschen gerade wie mit einer erzielen durch Marschieren, Ballspielen Maschine. Soli die Maschine die von ihr und andere Bewegungen in der frisclien, geforderte Arbeit verrichten, so muss sie freien Luft.

Hat nun einer seinen Korper durch auch die notige Triebkraft haben. Dass der Korper gehorig geiibt und tiichtig solclie Uebungen abgehartet, so wird gemacht werden miisse, sahen auch schon auch die geistige Ausbildung besser und die alten Griechen und Roraer ein. Bei vollkommener vor sich gehen. Sie muss den Griechen sind es die Spartaner, wel- gleichwie die des Korpers griindlich sein. che das Vorbild einer kraftigen, lcorper- Will einer Anspruch auf gute geistige

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Bildung erheben, so muss er etwas tuchtiges gelernt haben. Er muss eine gcwisse Summe Kenntnisse von denDingen haben, die fur das allgemeine geistige und materielle Interesse der Zeit von Wichtigkcit sind. Er muss nicht nur das Oberflachliclie von allem, sondern alles grundlich und bis aufdieWurzelngehend gelemt haben. In einemFache wenigstens sollte er etwas besonders tiichtiges leisten.

Dann kommt weiter die Ausbildung des Gefiilils. Dazu gehort ein empfangliclier Sinn fur alles Schone, damit man nicht stumpfsinuig durch die Welt geht und die Wunder und Sclionheiten, die es in der Natur und sonst giebt, garnicht beachtet. Man soil Sinn fur alles Gute und Schone, aberauch Absclieu vor allem Schlecliten und Hasslichen haben. Hier haben wir wiederum ein treffliclics Beispiel an denGricchen. Diese hatten einen ausserordentlich feinen Geschmack, namentlich in der Baukunst und Poesie.

Was damals gebant und gedichtet wurde, gilt lieute nocli fiir das Sehonste, das es gibt. Dann sollte auch ein jeder lcbhaftes Interesse fur das Wahre zeigen; denn das gehort auch zu den Haupfe-

saclien einer echten Bildung, dass man durchaus wahr ist.

Ferner wird von einer guten Bildung ein fester Charakter gefordert. Der Wille muss sittliclie Richtung haben, er muss dasGute wollen und das Bose meiden. Charakterlose Sellwache vernichtet alien Ansprueli auf echte Bildung.

Unsere Bildung ist niemals abgeschlossen, so dass ein weiteres Streben nicht no tig ware; im Gegenteil, wir miissen unaufhorlich darnach streben, dass wir eine vollkommenere Ausbildung erreichen. Das Ziel ist wohl hocligesteckt und schwer zu erreichen, aber selion ist es, wenn wir es nach langem, hartem Kampfe endlich erreiclit haben. Nur zu oft aber tritt Einscitigkeit des Strebens ein, liier Yorherrschende Ausbildung des Korpers zu ausserlicher Tourniire, dort praktische Fertigkeit und gesehaftliche Gewandtheit, dort wiederum Aufspeichern eines unfruchtbaren Wustes von Kenntnissen. Das sollte nicht sein. Es macht den Menschen einseitig und stumpft ihn nach anderen Scitcn hin ab.

Hannonische Verschmelzung aller Bildungsmomente ist die Hauptsaehc, und danach sollte jeder streben.

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Quia $ibi velit Roratii illud, qui statist optatam cursu contingcrc m«iam, nuiita tulit fecitqu« puer, sudavit et alsit.

(Latin oration delivered by Gerhard Sprengllng, H. A., at the coinnioncemeut exorcises. June 10, 1900.)

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JNTUENTI mihi atque ammo saepenumero reputanti illud Quinti Horatii Flacci, quern Musis fuisse in amore et deliciis, transtulisse inLatium carminum genus, quod poema melicum vel lyricum vocatur, perfecisse genus satirarum, praestitisse omnino ipsa ea aetate constat, qua maxitne florebat Romae omne genus carminum, visum est non modo inesse, quod abhorret a proposito legis christianae, sed etiam quod non bene convenit. Iuvenias inter alia praecepta

dictum nostrum in poetae hujus sapientissimi, cujus ego siugulos versus singula praecepta puto, carmine eo, quod inscribitur ‘Ars Poetica.’

Quod quid sibi velit carminis eximius scriptor facile est ad intelligendum.

Quaeritur hoc loco utrum fiat poeta sola natura an necesse sit naturae accedere laborem atque industriam. Demonstrat Horatius neque effici posse aliquid ab homine natura cximia praedito carente maxima industria neque sola industria

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ingenio absente. Probat rem cxemplo pueri, studentis optatam metam cursu contingere cum dicit: ‘Qui studet opta­ tam cursu contingere metam, multa tulit fecitque puer,sudavitct alsit.’ Cum enim puerum stadium currentem necesse cst et pati et facere multa, sudare atque algere antequam metam contigerit turn vero adolcsccntem cupientem carmina scribere nccesse est industria atque disciplina ingcnium excolere jam a puero.

Quod etiam declaratur proverbio illo vetere atque laudato, ’palmam esse non sine pulvere. Dictum Horatii valere non solum in arte poetica, scd etiam in omnibus artibus liberalibus paucis mill liceat explicare.

Intclligendum est vere cupienti in opti mis studiis vcrsari sc non delegissc genus vitae omnino carens labore. Immo vero qui amplexurus cst artcs liberales eum oportct jam a puero se adsuefacere in. dustria et labore. Assiduitate quod petivcris conscqueris. Oua re adolescens adsuetus cst ca re adsuetus manebit adultus totam pervitam. Dicit Horatius: Quo scmel est imbuta recens servabit odorem Testa diu. Necesse est puerum ^ in scliolarum umbraculis desudare, litterarum dementis imbui, ut memoriam cxcolat, ingcnium et intellectum acuat.

Quam similitudinem videmus in artibus.

Fundamentum debet firmum esse in quo acdificium ponitur, lie domus subruat.

Studete qui litterarum studio dediti estis litterarum initiis muniri. Dicit Horatius dimidium facti qui coeperit habere.

At intelligitue eo iacilius homo cum pervenit ad animi maturitatem? Bene nempe intelligere poterit qui intellectum non excoluerit. An dicat quispiam oc_ casionem meliorem esse juveiltuti ad ex. colendum animum? Laudamus Virgilium cum dicit in teneris consuescere, multum esse. Sed quid ego argumentor?

Ipsius naturae, optimae illius magistrae ratio quanta sit quamque late pateat

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dicto illo declaratur. Necesse est hominem bene atque mature agrum colere qui fruges metat. Vulgo eniin illud, ut sementem feceris ita metes. Quo simili videmus juventutem tempus optimum esse ad excolendura cum corpus turn vero animum. Neque tantum in ea re hanc similitudinem videmus. Quaerenti quidem naturae rationes similitudines multae rei vim declarabunt. Videmusne novellam arborem mollem atque teneram ductam neque vetulam crassam? Juvencos boves instituimus ad aratrum. Vitulum domamus atque condocefacimus equum quo vehamur. Quare videamus ut etiam uosjam a pueris labore atque industria adsuescamus. Molles puerorum animHmbuendi sunt principiis litte rarum. Quae imbuta sunt servabunt usque ad vitae linem.

At qui adulescentiam praetermittit, qui parum juventute litteris imbuitur, umquam non quae neglecta sunt superiore tempore opera consequetur. Le- ' viter imbutus litteris atque parum diligens manebit. Cui vero non insunt multae litterae et industria et disciplina et ad eas artes quae ad humanitatein pertinere proprie dicuntur se conferendi consilium, is similiter facit ut si quis mcrcaturara magnam facere vellet carens iiecunia. Qua re videmus adolescentem qui ad id quod olim amplexu­ rus est vitae genus informetur volensque se conferat ad litterarum stur dia judicium acuerc, animum excolere, omnem honestatem perficere et absolvere, totum se dare litterarum studiis necesse esse, ut subtilem doctrinam consequatur. Nolo tamen multus esse in explicando.

Atque ut eo planius intelligere possitis quod diximus rem ipsam exemplis quibusdam illustrioribus demonstrabo.

Abundat memoria temporum exemplis quibus rem probeinus. Tamen ex infinita exemplorum copia pauca quidem !• j

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eligam. Primum exempli caitsa ponamus Euclidem sapientem ilium Megarcum cujus dicipuli Megarici vocantur. Ex iis ilium fuisse scimus qui cum Socratc erat. Ita studio discendi impulsus est, ut se offerret potius morti quam consuetudinem intermitteret. Edicto enim caverant Atlienienses, ut si Megarensium quis Athenas venisset ei capitale csset.

Sed Euclides quamquam Megarae natus eras tamen ita cupivit Socrate uti, ut nocte maximo cum periculo veste mulieris iudutus Atlienas veniret atque eodcm modo prima luce Megaram rediret.

Incredible fere auditu est quod dicunt de Demostlienis cupiditate discendi. Scd etsi res verbis aucta est tamen ea re videmus multa cum consequi posse qui optatam metam industria atque labore persequatur. Etiam cognoscimus si quis cupiat aliqua re praestare eum necesse esse et rebus parvulis operam dare. Dicitur Demosthenes, ut vocem actionemque excoleret se inclusisse in conclave subterraneum. Atque ne tentaretur ad exienduin, praecidit capilli dimidium de capite. Ibique maxima industria consecutus est apertissime loqui cum antea non potuisset primam artis cui studebat litteram dicere. Atque ut vocem lateraque corroboraret adscensu ingrediebatur arduo declamans vel uno spiritu versus multos dicens. Quo studio

atque labore non modo maximus eo tempore orator liabebatur scd etiam nostris temporibus cum nobis imitandum proponimus exemplum eloquentiac omnibus numeris absolutae.

Dixi de exemplis scd si testimonia quoque vetcrum requiritis, audite quid dicat Cicero. Idem ego, inquit, contendo quum ad naturam eximiam atque illustrem accesserit ratio quaedam conformatioque doctrinac, turn illud nescio quid praeclarum ac singularc solere cxistere. Ac paulo infra eadem oratione maximus hie orator dc poctis: Sic a summis liominibus eruditissimisque accepimus, ceterarum rerum studia ct doctrina et praeccptis et arte cons tare; poetam naturaipsavalere et mentis viribus excitari, et quasi divino quodam spiritu inflari. Hoc idem significat Epicharmus Graccusilleeum dicit: Omnia bona nobis di vendcre industria solere.

Quae cum ita sint, cum nulla re praestare possimus nisi ad'naturam accesserit labor atque industria, ut satis demonstrasse mihi videor, liortandos juvenes puto, ut quam primum adsuescant labore ad superanda constantia animoque quae diflicilia sunt. Nisi eo modo in litteris non praestabunt. Audiamus igitur ipsum Epicharmum poetam: Noli, inquit, mollem vitam quaerere, nc duram sortem tibi pares.

Societies.

Emtm. ^JHE day of commencement exercises has always been considered the most important in the whole schoolyear, and has always proved to be the happiest to all students. The last yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

commencement day was certainly no exception. The weather was pleasant and you could see crowds of friends and visitors coming to witness the farewell of the senior class to their alma mater, The chapel had for this purpose been

' 91

THE BLACK AND RED. decorated with the college colors and garlands of oak leaves. Long before the exercises opened it was filled to the last seat. What an imposing sight it was!

The members of the class numbered nineteen, one of the largest in the history of our institution.

The exercises were opened with a pray­ er by Rev. Sauer. An address was then delivered by the president, whereupon the following programme was rendered:

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0 verturc: Welcome.

Geo. Southwell.

N. W. U. Band.

Hymn: BeforeJeliova'sAwful Throne....

Sung by the Assembly.

Prayer............................................................

Latin Oration: Quid sibi velit Horatii jllud, qui studet optatam citrsu contingere me tain, multa tulit fecitque pucr, sudavit et alsit?

Gerhard C. Sprengling, Watertown.

Selection ................ Tlico. Moses-Tobani.

N. W. U. Orchestra.

English Oration: At the Threshold of a New Century.

Geo. W. Hauschild, Borough of Man­ hattan, N. Y. Selection C. Lavallee.

N. W. U. Orchestra.

German Oration: Warurn brauchen die hicsigcn Dcutschen sich Hirer Abstammung niclit zu scliaemen?

Gerard A. Ernst, Watertown.

Selection A. Herman.

N. W. U. Orchestra.

Closing Address and Distribution of Diplomas.

Hymn: Fin' feste Burg ist unser Gott.....

Sung by the Assembly.

Benediction, March: Friends Fare well.....0. R. Farrar N. W. U. Band.

In the afternoon the field day and sham battle, of which mention has been made in the previous issues, took place.

About 2,000 persons had gathered on

the cainpus to witness the athletic skill of the students. Too much space would be required to give the details. Let it suffice to give a short account of the records attained on that memorable da}r: Hurdle race—Lolir, 19 4-5 sec.

Running high jump—Kirst, 5 ft. 2 in.

Shot put—Pieper, 35 ft. 10 in.

Vaulting—Schulz, 9 ft. 3 in.

Running broad jump-Lohr, 17 ft. 2 in.

100 yard dash—Buerger, 10 4-5 sec.

In the evening an open-air concert was given b}r the band in .the college park.

fllumni-Uerein.

Protokoll des Jfthres 1000.

^m Tage des Kollcge-Aktus, dem 19.

Juni, liielt der Alumni-Verein in der Aula des Anstaltsgebaudes abends um 8 Uhr seine Jahresversammlung ab. In Abwesenheit des Sekretars des Vereins, P. Sauers, ernannte der Herr Vorsitzer P. Meyer fur diese Versammlung zum Protokollflihrer. Der Verein organisierte sich durch Feststellung der Liste der anwesenden Glieder. An wesend waren folgende Herren und Damen: Prof. Koeli ler, Herr Lembke, Dr. Ott, P. Berge maim, Prof. Weimar, P.J. Brenner, Prof Kuhn, P. Graeber, P. Hagcdorn, Prof Ho}'er, P. A. Hoyer, P. J. Bergholz, P G. Kuhn, P. Notz, Prof. Gamm, Herr G Ernst, Richret Christiansen, Herr Vater, Frl. M. Ernst, P. J. Meyer.

Nachdem darauf vom zeitweiligen Sekretar das Protokoll der vorigen Ver­ sammlung, wie es in Vol. 3. No. 4 des Black and Red bereits veroffentliclit war, verlesen worden, wurde die diesjahrige Abiturientenklasse der N. W. U. in den Verein aufgenommen. Es sind folgende Herren und Damen: R. Ave’-Lallemand, T. Ave’-Lallemand, H. Brandt, A. Ernst, J* Guse, G. Hauschild, O. Heidtke, P. Heidtke, G Hinnenthal, 0. Hoyer, A. Le-

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derer, C. Lederer, J. Aloussa, J. H. Panstian, B. Sclilueter, G.Sprengling, J.Toepel, H. Zimniermanu, Frl. W. Christiansen.

Im Ansclilusz an den Bericlit desSchatzmeisters, aus welchem hervor geht, dass der Yerein gegenwartig $115.26 in Kasse

hat— DRemlich Kansenbestand vom vorigen Jabre...$ 49.96 . G7.00 dazu die Klnnatamen waehrend deB Jalires. .$116.90 erglebt eine Geeamteinnnhme von.............

1.70 Davou die AuBgabeu in der Hoebe von...-,, .$115.20 bieibt ein Kasseubcstand von.....................

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beschloss der Verein auf Empiehlung von Dr. Ott dies Geld zur Anschaflfung der „AUgemeinen deutschen Biographie” fiir die Kollege-Bibliothek zu verwenden.

Da es dem Herni Yorsitzer nicht gelungen war, zu dieser Yersammlung jemand fur einen wissenscliaftlichen Yortrag zu sichem, so ersuclite er Herrn Richter Christiansen, aus dem Stegreif eine Rede an den Yerein zu halten. Der Herr Rich­ ter liess sich bereit finden und liielt einen Vortrag iiber den Zweck unserer Austalt und unseres Vereins. Die Rede war sehr interessant und anregeud und wurde vom Yerein lebhaft besprochen. Es wurde besclilossen, den Herrn Richter zu ersuchen, lur die Yeroffentlicliung des Protokolls einen Auszug aus seiner Rede zu liefern.

Da nach einer Regel des Vereins zu Scliluss der Sitzung die verhanclelten Punkte noch einmal angegeben werden mussen, so wurde jetzt vom zeitweiligen Sekretar das vorliegende Protokoll verlesen und vom Verein aucli angenommen.

Nach Annahme des Protokolls aberkamen noch wichtige Angelegenheiten zur Sprache und folgende Beschliisse wurden gefasst: 1.) Ein Komitee zu ernennen, welches den vom Herrn Richter Christiansen angeregten Gedanken bearbeiten und nachstesjahr dem Verein Vorschlage dariiber unterbreiten soil. — Zu diesem Komitee ernannte der Herr Yorsitzer die Herren

G. Ernst, Prof. Kuhn und P. Bergemann.

2.)—Unter Yorsitz von Herrn Prof, Weimar, an welchen Herr Prof. Koehler zeitweilig den Stuhl abgetreten hatte — cin Komitee zu ernennen, welches iiber die Frage eine Vorlage unterbreiten soil: Was kann geshehen, damit die Versammlungen des Vereins besser besuclit werden ? — Zu solchem Komitee wurden die Herren P. J. Brenner und 0. Hagedorn ernannt. Darauf crfolgte Vertagung.

John Me3rer, Sec. p. t. &

football. gEFORE the close of our last school year Air. Adolph Pfund was elected manager of the football team by the the student body for the coming season.

During vacation Air. Pfund inquired after a suitable coach, but could not find any whom he thought the team could afford tQ M as our team has always been in financial difficulties. The team’s only support is that which it obtains from the student body and this would not suffice to hire a good coach. But, never­ theless, we still expect to get an instruc­ tor, though it be but for a week. Soon after school had begun the team organjze(j aud cliose A. Sauer for captain.

Practice was soon begun. A number of meu were chosen to constitute a double team The team raaY ]3e scen practicing on the campus every day. Signal practice twice a week and games between the two teams four times a week. The team seems to be in a better condition than it was last year. The average weight is a little higher and most of the last year’s plaj'ers arc with the team again. We have some raw material which is improving fast. Our schedule has not been announced, but we look forward for some good games. Do your part, boys, and we will try to make this

THE BLACK AND RED.

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season a successful one. The line-up in ginning of each school year. A trivial practice games has been: Buchholz, c.; sum is requested as entrance fee. During Lcmbckc, rg.; Buerger, lg.; Mahnke, rt.; the year two hours a week are set aside Frank, It.; Schulz, re.; Luebcke,le.; Sauer, for practice, qb.; Zarling, rh.; R. Pieper, Hi.; J. PiepFrequent^ the band plays for the mil­ itary company, and at divers times ac­ cr, fb. companies the cadets on a march to towns in the vicinity.

As we were in need of several new in­ Che Band. struments, we decided to get two clar­ ^LL over this wide world students arc known to be the most jovial and ionets and a French horn. frolicsome set of boys under the sun.

Always joyful, always happy, they spend their leisure time with music, out-door sports, and in-door pranks. Yet the one pastime mostly practiced among students is music.

Although this branch was somewhat neglected in the last few years at this institution, the university has had a brass band of considerable size nearly every y'car.

Owing to several changes which had to be made in our band this yrear, prospccts were not very promising as to its progress at the beginning of the school year. However, all the members seem to have determined to practice diligently, and if they keep up their assiduous practice till next Spring, we can safely say that their work will be crowned with success.

After only’ two weeks’ practice they accepted an invitation from Rev. Haase to the mission festival which was celebrated September 16th at St. Paul’s Church, Ixonia.

The membership is as yet not nearly as large as that of last year, but we expect, nevertheless, to regain the flourishing condition. At present we have as our leader Mr. H. Frank, who has suecessfully directed us for the past two y’ears.

In order to keep players on hand to fill out vacancies that occur every yrear, new members are admitted at the be-

military notes.

QFFICERS of the military company have ever begun the school year with a goodly amount of work in store f°r them. A number of the members, especially officers, graduate, and others, who are expected to continue their col­ lege course, do not return. This is the reason why we always see the ranks considerably thinned at the beginning of the school year. Such is the case especially at present, as six officers have left us and a number of privates have not appeared again. The first duty of the remaining officers therefore is to receive a large number of recruits, and we are glad to say, that the prospects are bright. We meet very little opposition, as the boy's at once realize the value ©f drill and physical development, and consequently we see a fairly sized squad of recruits drilling on the campus four times a week. Especially laudable is the unusual facility with which they comprehend the first steps in drill. After having had the instructions without arms, they are now making quick progress in the manual of arms. The old members have lost nothing of their usual proficiency', a good proof that a person, who has once mastered military drill, will ever be aware of the good re­ suits he has derived from it. Owing to

THE BLACK AND RED.

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the fact that football practice at present requires so much time, the football team, the band, and military company have agreed to set apart an hour, from four o’clock to five o’clock, on Mondays and Fridays, for band practice and drill.

The Pettibone Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati, is filling out a large order of uniforms for us and another order will follow within a short time. A thousand new shells have lately been purchased for our rifles.

Election of officers took place in the last meeting of the last school year with the following result: President, Edw. Buerger; vice-president, Win. Malmke; secretary, Alf. Sauer; treasurer, Tlieo.

Schroedel.

The present officers of drill are: Captain, Edw. Buerger; first lieutenant, Alf. Sauer; second lieutenant, Wm. Mahnke; first sergeant, Aug. Stock; second sergeant, Arnold Hoenecke; third sergeant, Otto Ernst; fourth sergeant and quartermaster, Richard Buerger; fifth sergeant and assistant quartermaster, Theo.

Schroedel; color sergeant, Ewald Macheel; corporals, F. Balgie, W. Sauer, 0.

Oerding.

The Standing committee consists of the six sergeants and the following privates: P. Lorenz, F. Ehlert, H. Breutzmann, T. Schulz, R. Hinnentlial, L. Schraga.

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English services at St. Mark’s church were resumed September 2. These ser­ vices are held on the evening of thc first Sunday of every month and are conducted by Prof. Julius Gamm.

On September 2, Prof. Julius Gamm preached at St. John’s church (Missouri Synod) as Rev. Strassen had left and

the newly elected pastor, Rev. Eggers, had not arrived, George Hauschild, ’00, who was in Minnesota this summer, called on his class and friends at the seminary in Wauwatosa on his return to his home in New York City.

Tlieo. M. Ave-Lallemand, ’00, is attending the Wisconsin University at Madison, Prof. J. Gamin assisted at the installa­ tion of Rev. Eggers at St. John’s clntrcln September 9. .

Rev. A. Baebenroth visited his son Adolph, ’04, at college, September 12.

Herman Albrecht of La Crosse, forraerty a member of class ’03, paid a visit to friends and classmates at the Alma Mater on September 15 and 16.

The following members of class ’01 are attending classes at the Theological Scminary, Wauwatosa: Robert Wolff, Clias.

Schrader, and J ohn Rcuschel.

Louis Krug, ’03, has left for the Semin­ ary also.

Rev. C. Sauer visited his sons, Chris­ tian and Adolph, at thc college, Septem­ ber 17.

Geo. Yahr, ’00, Ac., called on friends at thc AInla Mater- Sunday, September 16.

A. Hoenecke, A. Baebenroth, H. Zimowski, and 0. Keller accompanied thc band to Ixonia, Sunday, September 16.

Ed. Lange of Fort Atkinson visited his brother Ernst, September IS. 0. Keller, ’03, visited relatives at Oak Grove, September 3.

C. Sauer and brother, Adolph, called on their parents at Juneau, September S. Rev. Eikmann of Menominie visited his son Arnold, J06, at college, Septem­ ber 17.

Frederick Brenner,’05, has been absent from recitations for several days on account of illness.

95

THE BLACK AND RED. The Seniors lnave elected the following class officers: President, H. A. Frank; vice-president, II. W. Luebcke; secretary and treasurer, Henry Haase. &

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Locals.

$

Football; College yells!

Wanted, a janitor!

Stubbs is again contending against somnolency.

“Boags” is sympathizing with the Boxers.

Filipino will not be there anymore, Shorty!

For a variety in headgears apply to “Buck,” the southern man.

Shiner “got pale” when he heard of the tragedy under the arc light.

And she finally departed, leaving Dick in a melancholy disposition. How about Japs?

Schardcl, Schardel! Cane, cane!

Rumor hath it that the organ grinder who gave us a concert the other night collected more mucilage than mone3r.

The scientific men are trying to offer a satisfactory explanation how Ditty’s medicine could fixup Schmierll. within two minutes, but all in vain.

How nice it would be If Wolff would send that V. So says the football treasurer.

The Honorable J. Smiles is brushing up his cad3r and the bass solo for the silver wedding.

Ixonia suppers rank high with John L. Cheese.

They say that “Bab” has been spotted.

“Mein liebes kind, (‘bab’-y) was hat man dir gethan?”

^aaaaaaaaBBBBBBEDaaaaaaaaaaaap g “THERE ARE OTHERS” • B B g a H a a a a □ a a B B

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But the best work and the best service is at the

| [Uatertown « Steam « foundry, g □ Phone 56-1. 2 Main Str., Watertown, Wis. c

^’SEEEEEEBaaaaaaaacEEEaagaanaaiij j|i For first-class work in the line of

Photographic Novelties §j at 15 cts. per dozen to Cabinets at $1.50 go to PAUL KNICK,

I

305 Main Str.,

Watertown, Win.

Kbakie for

Spring.

A Cool, Serviceable and Economical Uni­ form for Spring and Summer.

Price $5.50.

White Duck Trousers should ordered soon.

Scud at once for Circular No. 24-2.

Cbt Pottibone Bros. 1W3. 0o,.

CINCINNATI, O., U. S. A.

be

Hugust 6amm,

AL Fedrich's Civ«ry,Hoardlng Stable,!’ Bus Eine.

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Stoneware, Flower Pots, J> Etc. : a Corner of Main ami 4th Streets, WATERTO \VN, WIS. H

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E. C. HEYN,

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CROCKERY, GLASS- § WARE, LAMPS, * * | BAR GOODS, & p

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Wholesale and Retail Dealer la

■k

BAKERY

CONFECTIONERY’.

S'-Stesis!

Dealer in Minnesota Flour.

200 First Str.,

Telephone 39.

Opp. Commercial Hotel.

Watertown, Wis.

217 N. Second Street,

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEa32arJ!:UrJEEEEEEEE

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Brand’s

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Stove and Ranges

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are guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction; hundreds are in use in this vicinity and this sale is in the increase.

Sold By

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| People’s Candy Store, tj U<

Ponner Block, West Side.

Watertown, Wis.

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0bocolate«£reattt*£aiuly

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Wm. G. PritzlaPP X Do. Bitter Sweet

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FRESH HOME-MADE CANDIES

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WM BocnnEIT> Pros.t.

F. K. Woodard, cashier.

Jesse Stone, V.-rres, 15. .1. Brandt, 2d V.-Prce

Bank of Watertown.

Incorporated May 1st 1S54.

also all sort of Fruits in season.

— AT —

Capital and Surplus,

THE CASH GROCER

JOHN E. HEISMANN, 115 Main Street.

m

$75,000.00

WATERTOWN, WIS.

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October J7OO.

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• • For WINTER • •

S When fn need of----

GOOD FOOTWEAR, — Call at —

There are many stores in town where Men’s Underclothes, or to call it by a more popular name, Underwear, is sold, but at no other store in town will you find such a carefully selected stock as here.

In Cotton Underwear we have everything which is worth a place in our stock, from the lightest to the heaviest flat or ribbed gar­ ments. Prices from 25c to $1.00.

Merinos from 50c to $1.00. All wool from 75c to $2.50. Come and examine our stock ::::::

m Scbiffler % lyegemann,

| Kttr^weg's I S Shoe Store, We try to give Satisfaction.

402 Main St., WATERTOWN, WIS. SO00G

mm SCKLUETER BROS’. merchant ioc gigar ----AND-----

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Lead them all.

217 Main Srcet, Corner Third.

105 West Main St., Watertown, Wis.

“WATERTOWN, WIS.=

t YOU WILL DELIGHT IN

;

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SKE iivie

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To walk through our Clothing Department on the second floor.

You will see a Stock that will surprise 3tou, for it’s several times larger than au3r other in town. There arc some splendid values in those popular :::: OXFORD CHEVIOT SUITS at cas3’-to-bu3' prices.

Ask our clothing man to show them to you.

m

* THE •MGfJCA SH STORE'

Hew fall iW StocR

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Because it is in close touch with the times and anticipates your every want in fine guarantee :::::::::

Suits ana

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Rene! & Roffmann,

107 Main Street....

WATERTOWN, WIS.

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Conaortal Hrtiet,

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Fire Insurace.:—^

Simon f* Blochs

FRED, GAMM,

117 Third Street, Watertown, Wis.

Watertown, Wis. For the most delicious Ice Cream and Soda Water in the city, try the PALACE

OF

SWEETS,

G Main Street.

J. C. WEBER, Prop.

Dr. O. WOLFPUM, DENTIST.

If you want firstclass and satisfactory *

203 West Main Street, Conner Duos’. Bdiedinq.

OTOS<*| — go to —

Donner Bros.,

Is

Smoke

Wiggenhorn Bros.,

Photographers. <3 gX3©SG0G©3X3QOGX3QG

Watertown, Wis.

Badger State Cigar.

The Largest Assortment of

POCKET KNIVES, RAZORS, RAZOR STRAPS, SHAVING BRUHES and SPORTING GOODS

1. :

UNDERWEAR . . .

Our line of Gents Underwear is excep­ tionally complete. You will find it includes every style, size, and quality and the prices are lower than you would pay for the same grades elsewhere. A dry goods store can sell just as good an article and at less money than the exclusive stores. We can furnish a satisfactory article at prices from 25c to $2.00 a pieoc, according to your liking.

To be had in the city.

Call and see us.

D. & f. Kissel Co.

Hemenhagan § fieilmmi,

Gamin'sis Reliable Drug Store & next to Post Office.

I

Everything pure, fresh, and up to date.

A large line of CECARS.

Louis F. Spaugeuberg, Proprietor of the

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€a$l«€nd«Con$0riah Parlor, 503 Main Str, WATERTOWN, WIS.

: '

■Z'—-T-—-T-"

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----THE-----

exchange Barber Shop.

JUST* Tour patronage respectfully solicited.

i

201 Main Street.

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First-Class Work in all Branches.

4

R. m. Emerson, Pi°p217 West Malnstreet,

WATERTOWN, WIS. -WlBr

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Oje 231ad5 anb Heb Watertown, Wisconsin, October, 1900,

Volume IV.

♦

Number 5.

Board of Editors.

Edw. II. Buerger, ’01, Eclitor-in-Chief.

H. A. Frank, ’01,

Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

H. W. Luebcke, ’01,

Salomon A. Jedele, ’02,

Theo. H. Schroedel, ’02,

Edmund Bliefernici-it, ’03.

The IJIaclt and Tied is published monthly during the school year by the students of the Northwestern Uni­ versity. Subscription'price, 50 cents per annum In ndvnnce. Advertising rates furnished on application.

All literary matter should be directed to the Editor-In-Chief, business letters to the Business Manager. Subscribers will please give notice of change of address, and when falling to receive the Black and Bed regularly, notify us at once.

Printed by D. Blumenfold & Son. Entered at the Post Office of Watertown, WIs., ns second-class matter.

editorial.

J^ESS than a month ago we found ourselves in a most delicate position. We were liable at an}*- moment of being drawn into the war of the powers against China, if the European nations had but accepted the war invitation which Germany so urgently extended. But now we are getting out of China, bag and baggage. Air. McKinley has hit upon an excellent diplomatic scheme worthy of universal approbation. A legationguard of more than ordinary size on account of extraordinary conditions is to be left at Pekin under command of Gen. Chaffee. That is to say, no European general shall give to the United States troops any orders whatever. The remaindcr of the army in China will be transported to the Philippines as speedily

as possible. It is a policy diplomatic wise, conservative, and wholly in accordance with the historic principles of this our county. European nations may ridicule us or gaze at us in pained astonishment now, but if the stand taken by the United States satisfies our demand for justice and right, |we will not look aside but follow the course of honor in calm dignity, knowing full well that the approbation of those very nations will come to us in the end. In all this we merehr cling to the American policy of old. It is nothing more than reverting to the principles of George Washington, to avoid entangling alliances with the powers of the Old World. We have lost enormous sums in the last two years by diverting from this policy, and again on

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THE BLACK AND RED.

the other hand we have made a great deal of money by following it. If we but stop to remember how salutary it was for us in the early dayrs ofou-r republic, we must say, every occasion to revert to it ought to be embraced. Moreover, in enacting Mr. McKinley’s policy we arc keeping our pledges and evincing good faith. The guard left in China is there for no unavowed purpose. While we all agree that Mr. McKinley’s course in this momentous affair is deserving of high praise, we perceive most regretfully" that it might liavcbeen followed to disengage us from the Philippines as quickly and honorably" as it is now taking us out of China.

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JN a republic like ours it is of no little consequence to have the idea of democracy" instilled in our young men and women as soon as possible. It is therefore a very" creditable feature of our American colleges that class-distinctions are being avoided. In general students judge one another by" the standards of merit and character and not by that of riches. The dissipated heir to great wealth is in fact a mere nobody" beside the poor student who brings honors to the institution either by distinction in scholarship or by" display" of skill in athletics. There have been and are still certain “sets” at our colleges who think themselves privileged or superior to others, yret the insignificant part they" play is by no means to be envied. All experience shows that the cheers of the student bodies go in almost every" case to him who has done something or who has a good character or some special skill. This is a very" commendable tendency and every effort to keep it alive calls for endorsement. It is much to the credit of President Hadley of Yale Uniyeasity that in his annual address to the

Freshmen he never fails to admonish them to keep up the standard of college democracy, to judge of themselves and others by their merits, and to avoid false distinctions, especially" that of wealth, The effect of this in after life cannot be over estimated, for it helps in bringing men into closer fellowship and better understanding,

tjUIE presidential campaign has com­ menced and we are approaching the day" of election. On that day" it will be decided who is to occupy the highest of­ fice in this great republic and what polit­ ical party is to exercise its influence over the American people in the next four years. The different parties have again leaped into battle to strike the blow in time which might bring about their victory". Again as usual they have de­ vised all possible schemes, whether lionest or not, to attain their ends. The press performs the greater part of the work. The daily" papers arc going into extremes, as is always the case, one disproving the arguments of another or even contradicting itself in gainsaying what it said a few days before. Alas! the poor people whose mind grasps nothing more of politics than what they read in the papers! Then come those artful speakers on the stump who through all ways and means always manage to dclude the public. These together with the newspapers so confuse the minds of the peqple that we need not wonder why their knowledge in regard to political questions finally develops into a veritable medley" of vague ideas. On a public of this kind now depends so important an election. It is ridiculous to see a mass of people crowded into a hall patiently expecting him to appear on the stage who is about to delude them, No sooner has he stepped on the stage

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than the crowd pours forth a tremendous applause. There stands the speaker delivering his oration full of persuasion and adulation. Here sits the ignorant, flexible crowd. A word sarcastically expressed at the end of a sentence is sufficient to call forth a loud acclamation, A few days later the same crowd will greet the former speaker’s greatest enemy with the same approbation, and the jeers the new speaker flings at “the other fellow” arc applauded with the greatest satisfaction. Even the student permits himself to be pulled along. Some, it is true, look on with scorn, but -the majority, aroused by the political speakers, forget their studies, their meals, and sometimes their sleep in the liveliest conversations. They swear by the speaker tliej' heard last until persuaded again by the next one. Bo3rs, leave this foolish prattling and employ 3rour own discre­ tion, which indeed requires hard study.

Otherwise honcstty confess 3’our ignorance regarding political questions and let those argue that have the authority.

JF 3'ou look at the commerce of America during the past few 3^ears, you will find that it has increased at a remarkabty fast rate. The statistics show that in the months of Ma3f, June, and Juty of this 3Tear the exports have been over $40,000,000 worth of goods on the average, an amount which heretofore never had been attained. It has in ten 3'ears increased one hundred and fifty5' per cent, while that of England only ten percent. Germnn3^’s commerce has also enlarged very much, but not nearly so much as that of the United States. This increase pertains to all branches of manufacture; and it is to our main competitors, England, France and Germany, that we send our goods. A great man once said that America’s commerce

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would rule the world over, and that is more and more becoming true. The reason for this is that the United States has vast natural resources. The Amercan is known as a business man and not without reason. He has an immence capital at his command and properly uses it. He is continually busy in finding new markets for his goods, Men are sent to new countries to find out what articles are most needed. So if things continue to go on as they do now, it will not be long before we shall see our country leading all others in exf ports and commerce, & > T last everything in the Celestial Em^pire seems to be dancing merrily along to the tune of justice, full reparation, anc] grab all you can. The solemn harmon3r in the concert of nations regard­ ing China is something inspiring just at present. But a week ago the war with china seemed about as good as ended, at least as far as the United States were concerned. Plow much better that would have been! What almost plucked the United States out of the crushing embrace of the Eastern octopus was the refusal by Mr. McKinley to consent to the note of Germany which proposed to compel the Chinese government to surrender all those officials that were the main cause of the revolt and subsequent massacres and deeds of horror perpetrated in China. Had Germany’s proposal met with success and had China then refused to comply with our demand, the only alternatives left to the allies would have been either to give up this policy altogether or to declare war on China. The United States would have been obliged to enter upon this war also, But this could be done only with the consent of Congress, and as hasty action would have been necessary, the President

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would have had to call an extra session, But nothing could have been more detrimental. Had Congress met during the present campaign, the question of war or peace would have been certain to become one of the leading issues. The administration would have had to decide in favor of war, as a resort to arms now would have been inevitable. The action of the President in trying to avoid all entanglement by withdrawing troops was by far the better course of the two

and, in addition to that, he followed the advice of Washington, never to make an alliance with airy foreign power, The sooner we free ourselves from the Chinese affairs, the better for our wel­ fare. In order to protect the life and property of a few Americans living in China, we could hardly imperil the lives of thousands and go into an expense of millions of dollars. The American policy of isolation has always proved to be the best. • &

Literary Detected* «rpHE Chinese quarter” is a term ap­ plied to a certain section of the city of San Francisco. This so called “quarter” has narrow, dark, and filthy streets and in general resembles a Chinese city very strikingly.

The Chinese that inhabit this part live almost as in their own country. That is, theyr do not mingle with the rest of the population.

Here}rou may find Chinese factories, shops, yes, even Chinese taverns. These arc not the kind we think of when speaking of “saloons,” but simply places, to which the weary chinaman repairs to smoke his pipe of opium and then to fall into one of those sweet dreams which makes him forget all his miseries only to awake afterwards and find himself more downhearted than before. It is about these places and the Chinese quarter that our story shall treat.

In the year 1852 there came to San Francisco a young man in search of I

wealth. It was Roger Thorsen, the son of a well-to-do farmer in Illinois. But as mining did not suit him, lie was obliged to seek some other occupation.

One Sunday afternoon as he was aim­ lessly walking about on the wharf, he hit upon a man, a little older than himself, sitting on a box. Buried in deep thought he did not notice Roger, until he stood directly in front of him. They opened a conversation, in which the stranger, Joseph Kaertel, poured out his heart to Roger. He told him that how he had been without work on the Sand­ wich Islands and had come here after the death of his parents, all alone and without work. They made friends fast.

Roger promised to inquire for work for him. He was successful and soon our friend Joe was enjoying a good position.

For a time he was very happy in his new career, but there were times when he would become very meloncholy while thinking of his dead parents. Then

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THE BLACK AND RED. Snibbs, as be called Roger, would take him away from the noise and roar of the city and the two would on such oc­ casions come to the most remote parts of the city and out into its suburbs.

One of these journeys led them to the Chinese quarter. Their curiosity was awakened and they entered stores to buy a few trifles, but mainly to see the queer people at work. They entered an opium house. Joe tried to smoke, and unfortunately, he liked it. He found that it soothed his pains and made him for­ get his troubles.

One day they were thus walking to­ wards the Chinese section. They en­ tered the opium house and Joe filled his pipe. Snibbs did not want to force a habit upon himself that would be hard to get rid of. So they settled down in a dark corner on a downy couch, especially provided for that purpose. Joe inhaled the sweet smoke and gradually his mind became more and more affected and soon lie was entirely unconscious. A smile was spread over his face as lie lay there his head in the lap of his friend Roger.

So they remained fora long time, per­ haps two hours. During this time many people, mainly Chinese, had visited the place. Roger overheard a low conver­ sation between a young Chinaman and a white person who was well dressed.

Their speaking in a low tone was suf­ ficient proof for Roger to believe that the affairs talked about were not'of an hon­ est character. They were talking of a meeting. He heard the end of the Kirkliill Road mentioned. This was a street in that quarter. He was determined to solve the problem and to find out the details.

As soon as Joe awoke, they were off and lie told him about all that had hap­ pened. He thought it a capital idea and at the same time a source of adven­ ture and amusement for themselves.

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They set the date for beginning their search the following Saturday.

That day had come. We find our friend strolling along the Kirkhill Road.

This is a so-called blind-alley. They walked on to the end where the houses shut up the street. There was no way out except the one by which they entered.

There they saw an opium house. To go and inquire was naturally the next thing to be done. They had struck the right place. The proprietor, thinking they arc members of the club, because of their knowing about it, is sufficient proof in his opinion, admits them. They are led to the back of the old house and are shown into a long, dark corridor. They grope along. They strike a stairway leading downward. Pushing their way through the utter darkness, they find a door. This opened as if upon their com­ mand, and all of a sudden they stand in a dimly lighted room,elegantly furnished.

Everywhere sparkling jewels and prisms to reflect the rays of the light. Along the wall on one side is the inscription: Sleep on, oh man, for sleep is life and awaking is death! On a table in the center stood a large bowl, apparently a punch bowl, which had the unusual shape of a skull supported byr two bones.

It was of solid silver and gold lined. All along the wall were dark red couches, about twenty in number. By the side of every couch stood an opium pipe.

Apparently this was a rendezvous of an association to enjoy the pleasures of opium smoking, but why in such seclu­ sion? Maybe some clew may be found in the room. They looked about and saw a plate above the door by which they ent­ ered bearing the inscription: ‘‘Forget your miseries and live in sleep; during the time you are awake, that is, dead, gather the necessities of life.”

This might be a clew, but it is just as mysterious as the whole establishment.

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They found an adjoining room, separated only by a close curtain. They determined to wait and see what the members would do when they arrived. Hearing foot­ steps in the hallway, they quickly con­ cealed themselves behind the curtain.

The members came in,one by one, speak­ ing only in an undertone. They took their respective places along the wall.

Most of them were Chinamen and Roger recognized the two men he had heard before. An officer, evidently the leader, took his post in the center, he gave them advices and inquired the success and na­ ture of their work, as he called it. But what was it? Robberies, the Chinaman had something to say about their tunnel to open a bank, another of his kno wledge of the patent lock of a well-known mer­ chant, and the young man referred to before said, that he was succeeding very well and at a short notice he could bring the rest of the silver cups and trinkets.

He said his father had missed his odd punch bowl. But when he would have his “work” done, he would leave his home and devote the rest of his life to the club. There they had a clew. This rogue had stolen the bowl from his father and in a short time would procure more articles.

The meeting was over. They crawled out after the others without being no­ ticed. The main object at hand now was to follow the young rascal who had stolen goods from his father. This led them to a fine residence.

A few days later Roger had an inter­ view with the owner of the residence, evidently the father of that young man, whom we will now call Roy Weller. He told him what he knew about the case and by this Mr. Weller’s eyes were open­ ed concerning the disappearance of his punch bowl. He had always kept this with many other articles of the same kind in a room which was till now known

to but few. He thought his son, Roy, had not been aware of a room of this kind. But his greatest fear was for the rest of his treasure. He told Roger to call again in a few days to see the outcome.

The next night he watched. Nobody ap­ peared, but mysteriously three valuable articles had disappeared during the night.

The other night he had a detective watch in the room where the silverware was. Everything was well till two o’clock when a slight creaking of a door was heard. The detective rushed to­ wards the door but could find no one.

Now all of a sudden a dark lantern was flashed into his face. The robber had come in by a hidden door in the wall which led to the outside of the building where he descended by the aid of a rope.

The thief was handcuffed and led away.

Mr. Weller was informed the following day that his son, Roy, was the miscreant.

He pleaded guilty, but on the request of his father he was freed.

Not content with this, Mr. Weller was determined to bring the society which perhaps had led his son into temptation forth into light.

Several officers of the law were in­ formed about it and were led there by Roger and Joe. They concealed themselves as the two had done before behind the curtain on a day set hy the society and made known

by Roy Weller.

All members were arrested and tried.

On a thorough search of the building many articles that had been stolen were found.

Roger and Joe were well rewarded for their trouble. They had done a good deed simply by seeking adventure and amuse­ ment.

That was the end ofan unlawful society, a few of its kind exist at present among the Chinese in the west, but they will soon be exterminated by the law. R. 0. B., ’03.

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n Peculiar incident.

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gOME time ago there lived in the most romantic part of the Yosemite valley a family whose name I am not capable of recollecting at present. At first things were going on nicely and the family was quite well to do, but as the years of mat­ rimony rolled on, the husband became reckless in his habits and squandered all of his money. Disunion at once arose in the family and now followed a period of quarrelsome life which ended with in­ sanity on the part of the husband. His mental powers having forsaken him and not knowing what he was about, he*left his home and began to roam about in the woods, with only wild fruits and wa­ ter for his subsistence.

As soon as people were aware of his absence expeditions were sent out after him, but without avail. Days grew to weeks and weeks to months, still nothing was seen or heard of him. Three months had already elapsed since the last time he was seen. He had taken nothing with him save an old, white blanket. He had never been found by anyone, because by this time he had withdrawn himself to a small cave in the bluffs and never came out in daytime. Only at night would he venture forth necessitated by hunger.

He would always put his blanket around him, giving him a ghostly appearance, but thus far no one had ever seen him.

In course of time it came to pass that a party of hunters happened to be out in the woods after dark. As they were walking along discussing some interest­ ing subject they suddenly saw in the distance a white object. Being filled with astonishment at such an unusual appear­ ance, they at once directed their course in that direction. Upon approaching it they were horror-stricken to see it move slowly into the forest. Without any further investigation of. the matter the}'

hurried home. Soon the rumor was spread that the forest was haunted by ghosts. For a time there was great ex­ citement among the people. After dark no one would go by that place and the children did not leave the house after dark unless escorted by some older person.

The fear among the people began to de­ crease, however, as the ghost was not seen again.

But one day a peasant went out into the woods to hunt one of his sheep which had gone astray. He looked for it all forenoon without any success. All after­ noon he trodded over the rough paths and sharp stones, but he heeded them not, so determined was he to find thelost sheep. Finally the day came to its close, the sun, sending his last crimson rays across the western horizon, soon went to rest, and night broke in upon him. Anxiously forcing his way through the forests, he accidently came across the place which was thought to be haunted.

Unaware of his situation he saw in the distance something white. Firmly be­ lieving that it was his lost lamb, he im­ mediately went toward it. But upon coming nearer, what did he find it to be?

The ‘ghost.* Now the rumor was spread for a second time. But this time thero chanced to be two sturdy youths who were determined to find out what the thing really was.

So one evening they set out on their ad­ venture—a very risky one too. They took no weapons with them whatever.

Soon the}' came to the place, but saw nothing. The only thing they heard was the hoot of an owl who cried merely to interrupt the silence of the night. Paus­ ing for a moment on a rock, their atten­ tion was at once attracted by something coming directly for them. They man­ aged to muster up enough courage to

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hold their ground and a fierce conflict ensued. As the struggle progressed the boys were slowly becoming victors. They were now at the brink of a precipice and, working hand in hand, they managed to throw their opponent headlong over the rocks.

Eager to see what had happened, they went down the cliff and there at the

bottom on the ground saw a man. It was the same man who, attacked with insanity, had left his home six months ago. The terrible shock he received from the fall had suddenly cured him. They now went home rejoicing. From this time on he lived with his family in peace for man}' years and died an aged man.

“Tutsie.”

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Shylock.

S is the case with “Hamlet,” “King ^ Richard III,” “Romeo and Juliet” and “Macbeth,” the character of Shyloclc has been impersonated by all of our greatest tragedians. As the tragedians differ in their characters, so the manner in which they portray the character of Shylock differs. In olden times prominent English actors played the part of Shylock as a comedy character. Nowadays none of us would ever think of Shylock as being the comedy character of the play. It may be interesting to tell how, as it is sometimes said, the part came to be played as a serious part, As to whether it is a truth or a mj'tli, we cannot tell. It was an old English actor of some fame who had been in the habit of playing Shylock as a comedy character. On a certain evening he was to appear before a well-filled house. The time came for-the curtain to rise, but no actor came. The manager hurriedly called a coach and drove to the hotel where the actor was staying. When he arrived there he found the actor in tears and almost overcome with grief. He soon found that the loving wife of the actor had died. Nevertheless a restless house of people was waiting for the performance to begin, and so all the actor could do was to hurry to the theatre and dress for the play. In due time the third scene of the first act was begun. The a

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actor, in no mood to play a comedy part, took it up and played it in a serious manner, somewhat as we see it acted today. The manager made a long run of the Merchant of Venice, and since that time, if this story be true, Shylock has been portrayed to us as a serious character.

To understand the character of Shylock one must be acquainted with the time in which he lived; how his tribe was treated. We are so familiar with the Jews as an element not to be ignored, that many of us are apt to forget that for many years the Jews were banished from England. In looking over a history of the English people you will find that for a very long time the Jews did not receive very just treatment in England. All of you who have read Scott’s “Ivanlioe” will find a true picture portrayed of the Jew of that day; how he was maltreated and how money was extorted from him in the most shameful of ways. But in the year 1290 Edward I. expelled all Jews from England, and it was not until the time of the commonwealth, at the head of which was Crorawell, that the Jews were allowed to come into England. Nevertheless, it is univerthought that Green goes too far when he says “that from the time of Edward to Cromwell no Jew touched English ground.” Surely now and then

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some Jew, led on by the promise of gain, have gotten some of the rudiments of the must have ventured into England. But, character of Shylock from that of Bar­ on the whole, very few Jews touched baras and then drawn on his imaginaEnglish ground, especially during Shakes- tion for the rest. peare’s time. Indeed, it is very probable On walking home with a friend from a that Shakespeare never saw a Jew in performance of Sir Henry Irving’s The his life. Some claim that he was ac- Merchant of Venice, we were commentquainted with a certain Dr. Roderigo ing upon the different characters of the Lopez. But let us consider. Could play. Of Shylock he said: “Shylock is a Shakespeare draw from a single man great creation, etc., etc.” I do not beenough material to make up Shylock? lieve he knew how great a creation ShyIf there were any Jews there, there were lock is. I have said before that it is not enough for Shakespeare’s model. likely Shakespeare never saw a live Jew. If Shakespeare did not use Dr. Lopez I do not believe that Shakespeare’s aim as a study for Sli3'lock, there are only was to give us a clear picture of a Jew three alternatives: Shakespeare derived even of that time and place. If so, from his knowledge of Jews from travel or his masterly hand we would certainly from old chronicles and plays or from have received a better Jew. The fact his imagination. The first can easily be that he did not have a living character refuted, as Shakespeare did not travel to draw from accounts to a large degree outside of England. As to previous for the impossible Jew. stories or plays, there were II Pecorne, Shakespeare knew his audience. As we GcstaRomanorum, and TheJew of Malta know, he wrote his plays for the public to draw from. It has been proved by of that time. The people of London knew competent critics that Shakespeare owes the Christian merchant; but a merchant none of his character drawing in the of Antonio’s kind was entirely new to Merchant of Venice to II Pecorne or to them, and very likely delighted them, the Gesta Romanorum. He must have The statute book of that day will show then gotten his material from Marlowe’s you the practices of the merchants of The Jew of Malta or drawn on his im- those days. An act against usury was agination. It is thought that he did both passed during the reign of Elizabeth, to a greater or less degree. Barbaras is This said “that all usury being forbidden the Jew in The Jew of Malta. The stories by the laws of God is a sin.” It declares of the two plays differ. The Jews of both all notes void upon which a rate of more plays differ. Barbaras is a mere minister than ten per cent, is taken. The law brought in to please the rabble. Bar- merely sought to limit the amount of inbaras poisons whole nunneries and in- terest to ten per cent. A house partly vents infernal machines. Shylock, on filled with money lenders and merchants the other hand, in the midst of his savage would enjoy the portrayal of a character purpose, is a man; or, rather, says things of Antonio’s cut hugely. I think Shakeswhich are necessary attributes to man’s peare merely created Shylock to fit the character. So says Charles Lamb. “His plot. Shylock is in libel on the Jews bemotives, feelings, resentments have cause he is no real Jew. Shakespeare something human in them.” “If you wanted a villain bad enough to endanger wrong us, shall we not be revenged?” every member of the cast and he created Shylock, as we have seen, differs much just such a villain in Shylock.

To the people of Shakespeare’s time from Barbaras. Shakespeare then must

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the Jew was hateful. As far as I can find, Shylock is an inhuman wretch, incapable of pity; yet in some places he has the thoughts of an upright man.

Why does Jessica call her home a veritable hell? But then, it is asked, did he not grieve over Leah's ring? By his action, no. What he grieved about was the value of the ring. If he had had any great love for Leah,- he would have treated Jessica differently. From the action of the play we can infer that he did not treat her as though she were the daughter of a mucli-loved but dead wife, If he had treated Jessica in the way he ought to have done, she would never have robbed him or called her home a hell. This statement is strengthened by the fact that Launcelot says several times in act 1, scene 2: “The Jew is a kind of devil.” Certainly he would not have said that without a cause. Another place Salarino asks: “Why, I am sure, if he forfeit, thou will not take his flesh; what’s that good for?”

Shylock: “To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge.”

Shakespeare makes Jessica leave her father to intensify the baseness of Shylock’s nature. If we side with Shylock it is because we have charity; because we are human, which he is not.

I see all the sympathizers of Shylock pointing to the fine speech of Shylock in scene 1 of act 3. True enough; this is one of the finest passages in the whole play. This passage is an eloquent expression of the reasoning of lodged hate in his bosom. The speech is true to fact and to nature. On our ears it comes with overwhelming force; indeed, it convinces you for the moment that Shylock is terribly wronged. We wonder how Shakespeare could have written the sentences without sympathy with the wrongs which they set forth. Indeed,

lean see only oue explanation: “That it is one of the many cases where the devil can arouse pity for himself, when in a tight place, by eloquent speech and reasoning not applicable to himself.”

In a modern Christian audience it seems to be possible for a skillful actor to work on the feelings of an audience to such an extent as to make a man engaged in such a business as Shylock was engaged in an object of respectful sympathy. This is because there is a tolerant feeling toward the Jewish race. But can anybody believe that in times, when this would have been much more difficult, Shakespeare would have chosen such a case as a favorable one to suggest toleration to a public prejudiced against Jews? We must always keep in mind that Shakespeare wrote for the days in which he lived, When the Jew is whetting his knife in the fourth act and Antonio is preparing to be butchered, how many of us are there who do not wish to see the law prohibit Shylock from carrying out his rash, unscrupulous, revengeful plans?

How many of us are there who would not wish the Christian merchant to be freed?

In the first place, if Shylock had been a Jew, and a Jew who swears by Father Abraham and Jacob, he would never have entered upon such a contract as the bond stipulated. The Jews, as a class, are one of the most conscientious worshippers. They are faithful to their creed and uphold that law which God gave them. In the fourth book of Moses, called Numbers, in the thirty-fifth cliapter, the twenty-first verse, we read: “If a man smite another with his hand, he that smote him shall surely be put to death.” Shylock was religious. We know this from the play when in act 2, scene 1, he says: “Go, good Tubal, at our synagogue, Tubal.” If he was not

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religious, why should he be in the habit of going to the sjmagogue? He surely knew that .by forcing this bond he would be excluded from his people. Shylock is not a reality; he is a creation. Shakespeare needed a villain for his play and devised just such a one as he wished in Shylock.

But it must always be remembered that the primary endowment of Shakespearc was the artistic temperament; he was a poet first and everything else af-

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terward. The reason perhays why Shylock is not a true, typical Jew is because Shakespeare very probably never saw a Jew and drew from old chronicles and his imagination. This certainly could not produce a human Jew; a poet needs a living model to draw from, if his picture is to be a true one. Shakespeare had no living model to draw from and that is perhaps the best explanation for the inhuman Jew. A. B., ’04.

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Societies. football Review.

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gINCE the game with Lawrence University there has been considerable shifting in the team. Pieper, who played left half, has given up football on account of .heavy work in studies. Mahnke has left a vacancy at right tackle for the same reason. Both positions were the cause of much worrying and experimenting, until finally Koch was selected to fill the gap left by Mahnke, while Luebke will play at left half during Zarling’s' confinement to the hospital list. Koch is a heavy man and will develop into a good tackle in time. At present he is still lacking in dash and all-around speed. Luebke is by no means a new man at half-back. He runs well with the ball and takes advantage of the least opening in the opposing line. He is, however, handicapped by light weight, and this fact will tend to make his position somewhat weak.

The line on the whole has become stronger to some degree. One or two are still contending with the old fault of

rising in scrimmages. The interference is much better than it was three weeks ago. In the guards back formation, however, there remains the slowness of the guards. This evil must be remedied to make the guard formation a groundgainer. Speed, in fact, is lacking well nigh on every hand. Several players realize the advantages of speed and low running, and as a result their playing has increased wonderfully. As this writing goes to press the team will be playing at Whitewater against the Normal School. The game will tell wherein we have improved and certainty will not keep us in the dark as to where we are still wanting. Practice in the past week was encouraging in the main, though sluggishness was noticeable on several occasions. The line-up as it will be in the next game is the following: Schulz, right end; Koch, right tackle; Lembcke, right guard; Buchholz, center; Buerger, left guard; Frank, left tackle; Keller, left end; Luebcke, left half; Zimowski, right half; Pieper, full back, The schedule for the remainder of the

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season is as follows: October 27—Ripon College at Watertown.

November 3—Oshkosli Normals at Oshkosh.

November 17 or 24*—Wayland Acade­ my at Watertown.

November 29—Oshkosh Normals at Watertown.

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On October 6, Prof. A. F. Ernst went to La Crosse, September 29, Dr. J. H. Ott went to Milwaukee.

Rev. Martin Sauer, ’91, was installed on September 30, as pastor of Trinity Church at Brillion, Wis., by Prof. Julius Gam in.

Prof. 0. Hover delivered a sermon for Rev. Petri at the mission festival, Leeds, Wis., on September 2.

September 23, Prof. J.Gamm attended the mission festival of St. Mathew’s Church, Milwaukee, preaching the Eng­ lish sermon in the evening.

Prof. 0. Hoyer preached at Rev. Koch’s church, Sunday, September 9.

Rev. Kuhn, Sr., was a visitor at the Alma Mater during the week beginning October 7.

At the mission festival of Rev. Jenny’s church, Milwaukee, Prof. 0. Hoyer preached the morning sermon, Wm. Krause, formerly a member of c]ass >02, is teaching school at Neilsville, \Yjs>

rj*HE warm weather is a thing of the past, and Autumn, with its crisp at­ mosphere, is gradually taking its place.

It is always welcomed by the cacct, for drill i? now rendered much more pleas­ ant. We also hope that we may be able to continue drill on the campus for a long time before we shall be confined to the gymnasium. The recruits, except a squad that have just commenced drill, have mastered the preparatory exercises and the manual of arms and have lately been permitted to join the regular ranks.

The new officers, though inexperienced at the beginning of the year, are making Adolf Pfund, ’02, has been appointed good progress. The color sergeant is as assistant librarian. yet not with us, but he is expected to re­ At the mission festtival of St. Peter’s turn after Christmas. A large order of Church, Milwaukee, October 14, Prof. uniforms arrived some time ago and Julius Gamin preached the English ser­ another shipment has just been ordered. mon.

Geo. Yahr, J00, Ac., is attending the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Sur­ geons at Milwaukee. & $ September 23, Prof. 0. Hoyer preached at Rev. Gieschou’s church, Cambridge, A large audience gathered at the regu- Wis. larmonthly English service at St. Mark’s Saturday, October 6, Ii. A. Frank, ’01, Church, October 7. Prof. Julius Gamrn made a business trip to Milwaukee for officiated: the band. While in the city he called on Henry Schmcling, ’93, preached at St. relatives and friends.

Allen Steffen, ’02, has accepted a call Paul’s Church, Ixonia, in the forenoon, and at Lebanon in the afternoon, Sep- as teacher of the parochial school at Granite City, 111. tember 30.

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' THE BLACK AND RED.

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C.—You boys don’t see into that; it Johnny Manz, ’06, visited his parents must be too deep for you. at Milwaukee, October 7.

Adolf Sauer, ’06, was compelled to Nandie smoked aj“stogie” on upper abandon temporarily his studies on ac- Main street the other day; he must have seen a crowd. count of illness.

A.—What makes you think “Ike” is an Otto Keller, ’04, is studying Hebrew anti-imperialist? with the Juniors.

B.—Well, he has always been on good Adolph von Kolir, ’05, is on the sick terms with the Filipino. list.

Football players, watch your college Prof. A. F. Ernst delivered an address at the dedication of a parochial school pins and ribbons when you leave the city, Prof.—Was versteht man unter Phrein New London, Sunday, October 4. nologie?

Aug. Stock,’01, Arnold Hoenecke, ’01, Grietsch—Phrenologie ist ein Instruand H. Haase, ’01, were pleasanthr enter­ tained by Rev. Nickolaus during their ment, wo man mit denken thut. stay in Fort Atkinson, October 13.

Who wears number seven-eleven shoes?

Herman Zimmermann, ’00, and Otto Come off! said the captain, and off Iloj'cr, ’00, who arc now attending the came the service stripes. How about it, Lutheran Seminary at Wauwatosa, Dag0? wheeled from that city to Watertown, On Wednesday “Cronje,’ was in danger October 12, favoring their former school­ of jumping over the railing and Satur­ mates with a visit. day of flying out of the window.

Eberhard Notz, a former student of “Lepus Tisidus,” alias “Haze,” was our institution, is attending the Milwau­ stumping on a clear field for that “good kee Dental College. man.”

Prof. R. Piepcr, from the Lutheran Sem­ No wonder “Teddy” was rotten-egged inary at Springfield, 111., arrived Oct­ ober 12, on account of the illness of his 111 Colorado; Anton’s sweetheart was there. son Walter, ’06.

Porcellus does not think of “showing Mrs. Aug. Bartz of Baraboo called on off” when he indulges in sesquipedalian her son August, ’05, October 15.

Otto Keller, ’04, and E. Dornfcld, ’04, verbiage.

John is anxious to play the Milwaukee visited at the home of the former in Oak Normals. We wonder why.

Grove, Sunday, October 6.

Who is proprietor of the celluloid collar laundry? (Acorn.)

Wanted: (Saturday eve) an umbrella.

^

Locals.

Politics!

New. Music!

Those exams!

Kelly, signals!

New Instruments!

$

Do not pass by “The Black and Red” box, but stop and drop us a personal, local, or any matter worthy of publica­ tion in the college paper, Why is the junction frequented by Alex?

Ask Stubbs about the bath on the Lawrence football grounds.

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112

THE BLACK AND RED.

To judge by the spoils, the Appleton game was a great victory for John L. (cheese box.)

There is but one trust and that is the cream trust, says Solomon the Wise. h

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Louis, don’t blush!

Buck, take heed!

Queer ideas, Nandie!

Warhorse, that is thy name. Defend yourself even if you must resort to slug-

The Salvation Army lost two of its most active members. A chance for pro­ Br-ns—Do girls play football? motion, Stubbs.

For extra long punts and line smashes Butch says most of the Bryan people apply to “Fustis.” were inverted by Spooner.

Come! coach, coach, coach!

What is “Bog’s” new missions?

Rip reads like an earthquake.

Rush the colors, ye sweaters!

Mark H. is wearing a big McKinley Don’t fail to call on us for hot wieners and the like.—Kelly, Hooksie & Co. button.

The republicans were obliged to or­ Bimmcl, hat der Thee angcschlagen? ganize, the democrats not. ‘‘Bab” and his friends are getting into Wonder if Kelly expects to get an of- ^jic |wjm all right. It is rumored that fice in case McKinley is elected. He s £jiey approached to within twenty feet vice-president of the Republican Club other Sunday, now. ' We should like to know: Buck gave up football and resorted to Why the freshest grcenics get the worst his specs. attacks of homesickness.

Hans (stammering)—“And the old swimming hole seems to have fallen into u What gang will take the place of the Kingfishers” (may peace be with them) -----into------” this 3'ear.

William the Joker (prompting)—“Into Whether “Hooksie” has any standing the river.” left at all.

Buck thinks physics is a stud3^ of Mor­ What sort of organization the “Chow pheus. Down with the arm.

Chow” club is.

Wonder why the muse did not run Who Filipino’s victims arc going to be, away with the “Egotist.” now that “Shorty,” “G3rps,” and the We are missing Stubbs. He always others are gone, informed us of the score.

If “Buck” would “buck” his corollar8, 65, 4, is the “stand-by” play for the second team.

Hooksie and Buck each borrowed a wheel, And quickly down Main street did make; A team turned the corner, Buck could not turn, So he took over the handle bar, the wheel did not break.

ies with the same vigor and determina­ tion that he showed when bucking the ^ne or putting the kids in buck, how nice that would be.

“Curphew will not ring tonight.”

Why? • Because he’s too lazy, I suppose.

Kelly’s “spine” became entirely well within a week after the football season began.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

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exchanges.

&

113

Aus dem Briefwecliscl Friedrich Wilhelms IV. mit Bunsen. Von Leopold von Ranke.

2. unver. Auflage. Leipzig. Duncker & Humbert. 1874. vn, 238. 63:16.

Smith, T. Roger and John Slater. Architecture Classic Early Christian. New and revised edition. London. Sampson Low, Marston & Co. 1898. 13x1914 cm. xxiv, 277. 106 : 21.

This month finds but few papers on our exchange table. It is well-nigh time for all schools to get down to hard woik now, and we feel sure that exchanges will now begin to flow in bounteous as last 3’ear.

We are glad to note that the following Smith, T. Roger. Architecture—Gothic have made a good start: Tamarack, and Renaissance. Ibid. s. a. 13x1914 College Chips, Amherst Student, Ad­ cm. xxxix, 236. 106 : 22. vance, iuu\0 tierbe in Aegis.

Nicbchingenlicd, Das. Herausgegeben von Friedrich Zanicke. Ausgabc fuer —-ViF'S — Schulen mit Eiuleitung u. Glossar, Achte Auflage. 14. unver. AbdruchdesTextes.

Leipzig. Wigand. 1894. 11x16 cm. xvm, 408. 123:1.

s

Library Hccessions.

Dictionary of National Biography.

Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. lvi. TeachTollet. New York. The Macmillan Co. London: Smith, Elder Sc Co. 1898.

16x24 cm. 453 pp. 42 : 1 v 56.

: I

Jalircshcricht ueber die Erscheinungen auf dem Gebictc der Gcrmanischen Philologie. Hrsg. von der Gesellschaft fuer dcutschc Philologie in Berlin. NeunzchnDresden und ter Jahrgang. 1897.

Leipzig. Carl Reissner. 1S9S. 14x2214 cm. 3S8 pp. 140 : 2 v 19.

o

Montague, F. C. The Elements of English Constitutional Historj'from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Lon­ don. Longmans, Green Sc Co. 1S94.

10V2x19 cm. xiv, 240. 66 : 49.

Richardson, James D. A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents 1789-1898. Published by Authority of Congress. Vol. vm. Wash. G. P. 0. 1898. 1414 x 23y2 cm. vn, 852. 69 : 25 v S. Nuntiaturhericlite aus Deutschland 1533-1559 nebst erganzenden Alstenstiicken. Achter Band. Nuntiatur des Verallo 1545-1545. Im Auftrage des K. Preussichen Historischen Instituts bearbeited von Walter Griedensburg. Goth a. Perthes. 1898. 17x25 cm. iv, 771.

59 : 30 v 8.

Buell, Colin S. Essentials of I'sychol°§3'* Boston. Ouinn Sc Co. 1898.

13xl9]4 cm. vni, 238. 107:39.

Aristophanes. Werke. I. Die Wolken— Blum, Dr. Hans. Das deutsclie Reich Die Frosche. Uebersetzt mit Einleitung von 1S71 bis 1S90. Leipzig u. Wien.

Blibliograpliisches Institut. 1S93. xx, u. Anmerkungen von Jakob Mahly.

705. 16x25 cm. 59:36.

Slultg. u. Berlin. W. Spemann, s. a.

1114x IS cm. 212 pp. S7 : 3. 2.

Elisabeth Luise, Konigin von Preussen, Gemahlin Konig Friedrich Wilhelms Dictionary of National Biography.

IV. Ein Lebensbild verfasst von Lud- Edited b3r Sidney Lee. Vol. Lvn. Tom ovica Hesekiel. Berlin. Wiegandt u. —Tytler. New York. The Macmillan Co. Grieben s. a. 1214x1914 cm. 105—2. 1899, 16x24 cm, 461pp. 42 : 1 v 57.

114

THE BLACK AND RED.

Sharpies, Isaac. A Quaker Experiment Philadelphia, July, 1816, before the Honin Government. Philadelphia, A. J.Fer- orable Jasper Yeates, Justice. For ilris. 189S. 13x19 cm. iii, 2S0. 70:4 legally conspiring together by all means lawful and unlawful, “with their bodies Richardson, James D. A Compilation and lives,” to prevent the introduction of the Messages and Papers of the Presi­ of the English language into the service dents 1789-1897. Published by Author­ of St. Michael’s and Zion’s Churches, be­ ity of Congress. By James D. Richard­ longing to the German Lutheran con­ son. Vol. ix. Wash. G. P. 0. 1S98 gregation, in the cit}7 of Philadelphia.

1414x23V2 cm. vn, 801. 69 : 25 v 9.

Taken in shorthand by James Carson, Bodlaeder, Dr. G. Lelirbucli der Che- attorne}7 at law. Philadelphia. Pub­ mie fuer Studierende und zum Selbstuu- lished for the Reporter. 18S7. 1214x21 14 tericht. Zwei Bande. I. Baud. Anorg- cm. 240 pp. 20. 1 : 1. aniselie Chemie. Stuttgart, Ferdinand [The Tuclor Translation Scries.] The Enke. 1896. 15x2314 cm. xvi, 660.

History ofComines. Englished by Thom­ 261: 8 vl. as Danett, anno 1596, with an intro­ Malory, Sir Thomas. La Mort d’Ar- duction by Charles Whibley. Vol. 1. thure. The History of King Arthur and London. David Nutt. In the Strand. of the Knights of the Round Table. Com­ 1897. 15x1214 cm. xi,327. 112:2 v 17. piled b}7 Sir Thomas Malory. Kut. Ed­ Vol. n. Ibidem. Eauna. 112:2 v IS. ited from the text of the edition of 1634, -----Bandello. Certain Tragical Dis­ with introduction and notes b37'Thomas courses of B. Translated into English Wright, Esq., M. A., F. S. A. Vol. 1.

Third edition. London. Reeves & Turn- by Geffraie Fenton, anno 1567, with an er. 1889. 11x18 cm. xnv, 305. 113: introduction by Robert Langton Doug1 v 1. Vol ii. Ibid. 1889. *11x18 cm. las. Vol. i. Ibidem. 1S9S. iviii, 273. xvi, 360. 113:1 v 2. Vol. in. Ibid. 18S9. 112 : 2 v 19. Vol. ii. Ibid. 1S9S. 312.

112 : 2 v 20.

11x18 cm. xvi, 354. 113 :1 v 3. :•

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:

Brand, John. Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: Chiefly Illustrating the Origin of our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies, and Superstitions. Arranged, revised, and greatly enlarged by Sir Henry Ellis. A new edition, with further additions. In three volumes. Vol. i.

London. Henry G. Bohn, mdcccxlix.

1114x19 cm. xx, 539. 66 : 50 v 1. Vol. n. Ibid. Eodemanus. v, 522. 66:50v2.

Vol. m. Ibid. E. A. iv, 499. 66:50v3.

Bullen, A. H. L37rics from the SongBooks of the Elizabethan Age. Edited b37 A. H. Bullen. London. Lawrence & Bullen. 1891. 11 x IS cm. xxxm, 223.

110 : 23.

[Eberlc.] Trial of Frederick Eberle and others, at a Nisi Prius Court, held at

----- Suetonius. History of Twelve Caesars. Translated into English by Philemon Heolland, anno 1606, with an introduction by Charles Whibley. Vol. i.

London. David Nutt. 1S99. xxxvm, 283. 112:2v21. Vol.n. Ibidem. 1S99.

311 pp. 112 : 2 v 22.

Foote, C. M. and E. C. Hood. Plat Book of Jefferson County, Wisconsin.

Drawn from actual surve3rs and the countv records. Published b3r C, M. Foote Pub. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

1899. 40x47 cm. 5S pp. and plats; plat of Watertown taken out and mounted separately. 80. 2:9c.

Rachfohl, Felix. Margaretha von Par­ ma, stadthalterin der Niederlande. Munchen und Leipzig. Oldenbourg. 1898.

14x22 cm. vi, 275. 64:2.

* 115

THE BLACK AND RED. Bothne, Gisle. Det Norske Luther Col1 ege. 1861-1897. Decorah, Iowa. Srykt paa Forfotterens Forlag. 1897. 15x22 cm. 472 pp. 108 : 33.

t

Rein, W. Encyklopaedishes Handbuch der Paedagogik. Dritter Band. Griechischer Unterricht-Juenglingsvereine. Bangensalza. Hcrmd.ii Beyer und Soehne.

1897. vi, 967. 151/2x26 cm. 108:39 v 3. Vicrter Band. Kadctten-Anstaltcn Myopic. Ebd. 1S97. vm, 897. 10S : 39 v 4. Funfter Band Nachalimung— Romische Erziehung. Ebda. 189S. vii, 937. 10S : 39 v 5.

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[Columbian Cyclopedia.] The Cyclopedic Review of Current History’. Edited

by Alfred S. Johnson, A. M., Pli. D. Vol7. 1S97. Illustrated. Buffalo. Garretson, Cox & Co. 1898. 12x20 cm. xxviii, 1040. 42 : 16 V 37.

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e Navy, Secretary of the. Official Rcc- 3 E E ords of the Union and Confederate Navies' pj E a But the best work and in the War of Rebellion. Scries i. Vol. 7.

E the best service is at the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron.

B From March 8, to September 4, 1862.

Wash. G. P. 0. 1898. 14x23/2 cm.

Phone 56-1. 2 Main St., Watertown, Wis. n xvii, S95. 305 : 5 v 7. i&EEEEEEBaaaaaaaaEEEEaBaaaanaii!

Dictionary of National Biography.

Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. Lvm. Ubal- *1 For first-class work in the line of * dini—Wakefield. New York. Macmillan Photographic Novelties Co. 1899. 151/2x23 cm. 463 pp. 42-* *■ at 15 cts. per dozen to Cabinets at $1.50 go to 1 v 5S. PAUL KftiCK,

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^aagaagaaEESSEEBEEaasaaaaaaaao^ g ‘‘THERE ARE OTHERS”. ° |j B y tri E

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Remscn, Ira. Inorganic Chemistry.

Fifth edition. Revised. New York. Hen­ ry Holt & Co. 1S9S. 14x22 cm. xxi, S53. 261 : 9.

Vcrzeichnis der im deutschen Buchliandel ershienenen und neuaufgelegten Bucher, Landkarten, Zeitschriften, etc.

1S9S. Zweites Halbjahr, etc. Hrsg. und verlegt von der J. C. Heinrichs’schen Buchhandlung in Leipzig. 11^x191,4 cm. S32, x 295. 40 :1 v 16.

I

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30ii Main St.,

Watertown, WIs.

,s

| Hugust 6amm,

AL Fredrick* s

Wholesale and Retail Dealer In

| Ei^cry, Boayaing S!able,|’ Bus £i«e.

I Sps f ■ 1

CROCKERY, GLASS- || i WARE, LAMPS, BAR GOODS, vt Ij! Flower Pots, Etc. lCv,5 CornerStoneware, of Main and i-tli Strccta,

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WATERTOWN, WJS. ft;9

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E. C. HEYN, ||9|^

BAKERY m CONFECTIONERY.

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Dealer in Minnesota Flour.

200 First St. Telephone 39.

Opp. Commercial Hotel.

.

Watertown, Wis.

217 N. Second Strcot,

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Stoves and Ranges are guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction; hundreds are in use in this vicinity and this sale is in the increase.

Sold By

| FRESH u Q PI HOME-MADE H CANDIES § bJ

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Win. EL PritzlaFP & Do. \

U Donner Block, West Side.

Watertown, Wis.

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u CEESSccErsGnEiEEEnBBEEJsnECEaaefzsaataa

Cfee Jre$l)e$t l$ !l>e Best ;ii

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Wm. Buchheit. Pros’t.

F. E. Woodaud, Casblor.

If you want only the best, call in. Our Fruits are always fresh. Candies are unexcelled anywhere.

| George Bisbwatte '

*• Jesse Stone, V.-Pres, E. J. Bh.v.ndt, 2d Y.-rrea.

Bank of Watertown.

Incorporated May 1st 1S54.

Capital and Surplus.

$75,000.00

MAIN fSTREET

5 WATERTOWN, WIS.

.

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November 1900.

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E ARE GETTING READY FOR

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Whon in need of----

holiday Trade

::COME:: In and «eo what welmvoto offer.

ALWAYS the In teat in every Hue: : : :

GOOD FOOTWEAR, — Call at —

1 Kuiweg’s i S Shoe Store. |

We try to give Satisfaction.

402 Main St., WATERTOWN, WIS.

SUITS UITS

TAILOR READY

Furnishing Goods Hats and Caps Trunks, Satchels Umbrellas and Mackintoshes

Scblffler $ (Uegetnatin, 217 Main Street, Corner Third.

3

[♦♦♦♦♦I

SCHLUETER BROS’.

IHercDanl m Cigar Jfrc sc Cigar ,*/*.* -----AND-----

Lead them all.

105 West Main St., Watertown, Wis.

you WILL DELIGHT IN i

SKE IIVIE

Our SOME

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To walk through our Clothing Department on the second floor.

You will sec a Stock that will surprise you, for it’s several times larger than any other in town. There are some splendid values in those popular :::: OXFORD CHEVIOT SUITS

at easy-to-buy prices.

Ask our clothing man to show them to you.

He®

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Because it is in close touch with the times and anticipates your every want in fine guarantee :::::::::

Stiffs and Overcoats

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Of the Celebrated H. S. M. and B. Kuppenheimer make. Also in our line of HATS, CAPS, and GENT’S FURNISH­ ING GOODS. Without doubt or hesita­ tion, come and reap the best values your dollar ever bought. A stock thoroughly up to date in qualities and styles, in every department: :::::::

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107 Main Street....

WATERTOWN, WIS.

j

ppR A NICE

“Be sure you'r fight/4 then spend your money : : : —(• :

BOX OF

CANDIES

OUR

J. C. Weber, (S' call at THE PALACE Prop. v—■* ----------OF SWEETS

*Coti8oml Hrtist,

ft

LINE

OF

OVERCOATS Is exceptionally attractive in

Style and Fit. Before buying be sure to look here, and you will save money.

%

Simon f. Bolck,

jlcfttenbagan $ fieilman,

117 Third Street, Watertown, Wis.

201 Main Street.

Smoke If you want firstclass and satisfactory

TT O T O S < g* S: I — go to —

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Wiggenhorn Bros.,

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------ THE-----

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Ocbanae Barber Shop.

First-Class Work in all Branches.

The Largest Assortment of

POCKET KNIVES, RAZORS, RAZOR STRAPS, SHAVING BRUSHES and SPORTING GOODS To be had in the city.

Call and see us.

D. & f. Kusel Co. Louis F. Spaugenfoerg,

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217 West Malnetreot,

WATERTOWN, WIS.

----Wia-

Fire Insurance* FRED, GAMM, Watertown, Wis.

Proprietor o! the

€a$t« €nd «Con$oriah Parlor, 503 Main St., WATERTOWN, WIS.

Gamtn’s Reliable Drug Store

Dr. O. WOLFFUM, DENTIST.

is next to Post Office.

Everything pure, fresh, and up to date.

A large line of CIGARS, tar Tour patronage respectfully solicited.

313 Main Street.

Over Gruetzmacber’s Store.

Watertown, Wis.

t

Hlad anb Volume IV.

Watertown, Wisconsin, November, 1900.

Number 6.

Board of Editors.

Edw. H. Bubrger, *01, Editor-in-Chief.

H. A. Frank, ’01,

Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

H. W. Luebcke, ’01

Salomon A. Jedele, '02,

Theo. H. Schroedel, ’02,

Edmund Bliefernicht, ’03.

.

Tlie If Inch and R,etl Is published monthly during the school year by the students of the Northwestern Unlrerslty. Subscription price, 60 cents per annum In advance. Advertising rates furnished on application.

f

All literary matter should be directed to the Bdltor-In-Chlef, business letters to the Business Manager. Subscribers will please glvo notice of change of address, and when falling to receive the Black and Red regularly, notify us at once.

Printed by D. Blumenfcld <fc Son. Entered at the Post Office of Watertown. WIs., as second-class matter.

editorial. the editor is seated at his table and takes his pen to contribute his share in the literary work of the month, innumerable ideas present themselves to him which when portraj'ed, are of interest to the reading world. The death of some renowned personage may be worthy of mention, an event in diplomacymay be discussed or some important anniversary may suggest matter for literary production. But before these thoughts strike him he feels himself obliged to salute the new month, in the course of which the aspect of nature has changed so considerably. The trees have cast off their gay vesture, the fields have exchanged their green dress for one of brown, on the whole, nature appears gloomy and dreary. It is very

natural that it should seem so after we have been accustomed to see nature in her gayety and luxuriance. But why should we be discontented. Winter has its advantages as well as summer, and if we but stop to think, we shall soon be convinced that November, notwithstanding the frequent cold blasts, is a cheerful month. The warm weather, which is so odious to the student, is gone, the crisp atmosphere of late autumn induces us to take the necessary exercise. Before long skating, one of the most attractive enjoyments, will amuse the young people and in but a few weeks the merry Christmas time will be here again. Autumn is certainly not dreary, its gray aspect and cold blasts convey ideas to the meditating

120

THE BLACK AND RED.

lover of nature which are as sublime as learned a lesson or two in nature’s own thoughts accompanying the beauties of school, who has tasted the hardships of life and has gathered from experience an spring. immense treasure of knowledge. His eyes were ever open to see, therefore the Tj'IVE centuries have elapsed since the perfection and beauty of ancient classics “Father of the English Language” could not escape him, and they had a passed away; Geoffrey Chaucer is dead great influence on his own productions; but his fame lives on; though he does both content and form of his writings not tread the earth in human shape, his show a high stage of development. spirit is still with us; he speaks to every Chaucer’s merits in this will seem far lover of good literature. If we will only more worthy of consideration if we bear listen to him, we cannot but admire his in mind the difficulties he had to contend genius. Hear him relating one of his with; he found neither a uniform language : Canterbury tales or describing one of nor accepted forms, only the roughest the characters of the Prologue; how material was at his disposal, which had great is the manifoldness of Chaucer com­ to be molded into those shapes that are pared with the one-sidedness of his con­ so attractive to the eye of all scholars temporaries; yes, even of the writers of of Middle English. Chaucer, therefore, alaterperiod! Inliimis found combined deserves credit not only as a poet and :' the airiness of the Norman and the seri­ writer of fiction of a high standard, but ousness of the Anglo-Saxon. His humor also as the father of the English lan­ is of a mellow tone, yet at times it will guage, and justly do we commemorate verge into the satire,'and again it recedes the death of him who is styled “The and is lost to all but the acute under­ pure well of .English undefiled.” standing. But humor has its confines, and Chaucer knew full well where to place the limit; when the theme requires it, he can speak in a far graver mood; JNDEPENDENCE and self-respect are : essential to happiness, and these are life is not a puppet show to him, it is Ii i never to be attained without earnest real and earnest, whence such lines flow work.

It is impossible that a man shall from his pen as: be an idler and go through life without “Infinite been the sorwes and the teres a purpose which contemplates worthy Of oldefolk, and folk of tendre yeres.” results and at the same time maintain Above all, during the whole period of his self-respect.

No idle man, if he is five hundred years since his death, his rich, can feel the genuine independence genius for portraying character has not of him who earns his living by honest found its equal. How vivid and clearand manful labor.

But to labor rightly cut are not his descriptions of the twen­ and earnestly is to come into sympathy ty-nine or thirty characters of the Pro­ with the great struggle of humanity logue? Perceive the jolly friar:— toward perfection. It is to adopt the “His eyen twinkled in his heaed aright, fellowship of all the great and good the As doown the sterres in the frost3r night.”

Much of Chaucer’s ability to draw an world has ever known, adequate picture of life depended upon Does not this also pertain to the stuhis knowledge of the world; in him we dent? He belongs to thatcreation which discern not the poetical dreamer who, God called man, and he too has his portrays life as his fancy would have its work. It is not that hard toiling of the but the stirring business man who has day-laborer, but work which is com=5

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prised of deep thinking and pouring over books, which generally ismoredifficult than physical strain. Only a student who studies his lessons well and who pursues a worthy end is the happy student. Must not a young man who lias been idling away his time instead of studying his lessons lose all his independence and self-respect? He cannot say that he has accomplished anything by his own work, he cannot depend upon himself to do much but must look to others for help. Who can say that such a person is really happy ?

But what are the rewards of labor and by what is it estimated? You will not have to look or think far to see the rewards. Green fields, cities, govern­ ments, art galleries, libraries are but few of the fruits of labor. Think how many generations it sometimes takes to build up a beautiful home; how many more to build up a city. Still they spring up as by magic. Neither are governments built up in one day or without many difficulties. Many ar­ tists have spent nearly the whole of their life-time painting a single picture or writing a book. Work is estimated by its achievements! It is in the record of these that we find the evidence of his power. It is by work that a man carves his way to that measure of power which will fit him for his destiny. We estimate a generation by what it does. But if we want our generation to stand in high estimation we must begin to do some­ thing while we are young.

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month and undoubtedly awakened sincere sympathy throughout the country, Sherman had always been a great party leader and might have had many enemies, but since his retirement from active service he had passed entirely from publie notice and was almost forgotten, He had outlived his usefulness, he had already arrived at the stage of decrepitude, and it was infirmity of old age that was the main cause of his death, Nearly fifty years of his life were passed in the service of his country. As con­ gressman, senator and cabinet member he worked energetically and unswerving­ ly for the welfare of the United States.

He had a clear insight into the maze of political intricacies and especially was he master of the science of finance.

Three times Sherman was candidate for the nomination for president, but his highest ambition, to enter the White House, was not crowned with success.

During the present administration he had a seat in the cabinet as secretary of State and he held this position till he retired from public life.

JgEFORE 1898 the educational facili­ ties in Puerto Rico were exceedingly poor. Up to that time less than fifteen per cent of the whole population could read and write, and most of these had received their education in private insti­ tutions. At the close ofDecember, 1899, the number of children attending school was 15,440 boys and 8,952 girls. Here we can see what the United States has done for her new possessions in the line of education. When General Henry suc­ rpHE last month has witnessed the death ceeded General Brooke as governor in of a number of eminent men. Of 1898, he at once urged the president and those on the other side of the Atlantic the secretaries of council to send Ameri­ may be mentioned Max Mueller, the can teachers to the island to give in­ great philologist of England, and in our structions in English. Shortly after­ country the names of Wm. S. Wilson wards General Eaton was sent to take and John Sherman. The death of the lat­ charge of educational affairs. Upon his ter occurred on the 22nd day of last recommendation a new educational code

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was constituted. The government of Puerto Rico offered to provide teachers, text-books, charts, and maps for all schools that would be organized. The local committee, therefore, had nothing else to do than to furnish the building.

No one was allowed to take fees from the pupils, and this made the public schools for the first time really free.

There were now more pupils than could be attended to; there were in fact as many, who had been refused admission for lack of room and teachers, as there were attending schools. The superin­ tendent of the island was given author­ ity to appoint teachers, rent buildings and do whatever he deemed necessary to open schools. About seventy teachers, mostly normal school graduates, were sent from the United States. At this

time 3000 children were receiving their instruction from American teachers.

These teachers did heroic work. We must remember that there is a difference between a Puerto Rican child and a for­ eign child learning English in the United States. When the former goes home he does not see any english books and hears no English word spoken. This and the small salaries that the island is able to pay account to some extent for the small number ofAmerican teachers there.

Under these circumstances progress must be slow indeed. A normal school is, however, to be established at Fajard, a coast town about thirty miles from San Juan. The establishment ofsuch schools, conducted under American teachers, will in time improve the management of the common schools. &

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American Democracy. ^HE conditions of American democra­ tution under the protection of an inde­ cy are essentially different from pendent law court. No amendment of the those of France and England. First of Federal Constitution can be even pro­ all, the position of the House of Repre­ posed except by a two-thirds vote of sentatives is widely different from that both Houses of Congress, or by an ap­ of the House of Commons. This is a plication from the legislatures of twobody in which the ministers do not sit, thirds of the States. The Constitution and which has no power to make or de­ of different states may be effected in dif­ stroy a ministry. It is confronted by a ferent ways, but never by a simple superior house, the Seuate, which can majority of a single legislature. In a exercise a much more real restrictive few states such a majority may propose power than the house of Lords. It is such an amendment, but it must be rati­ confronted also by a president, who fied, either by a popular vote, or by a exercises an independent power greater subsequent legislature, or by both. than a modern British sovereign. Above Most states require a majority of twoall, it is restricted by a written consti- thirds or three-fifths for the proposal of

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a constitutional amendment, and in many cases a majority of two-thirds, three-fourths or three-fifths for the rati' fieation. There is, however, a second method provided for revising or amend­ ing a state constitution by means of a convention called for this purpose and which proposes changes that must be ratified by a popular vote.

The Constitution of the United States was framed by men of noble ideas and who were inspired b}' patriotism and liberty. Men like Governor Morris, Alexander Hamilton, George Washing­ ton and John Adams represented, to a great extent, the school of American thought. Hamilton, probably the greatest political thinker of America, had a tendency to support monarchial institutions. He believed that a demo­ cratic government must end in despot­ ism.

The framers of the Constitution, far­ sighted as they were, signally failed to place the President on an independent footing. By the Constitution it was left to the different states to determine the manner of election and the qualifica­ tions of the presidential electors. It was hoped that the President might be elected by independent votes of citizens who were not deeply plunged in politics.

But this changed as the spirit of each party intensified. The restrictions on the suffrage by which the members of the House of Representatives were elect­ ed at the time of the Revolution have cliangsd considerably. The last amend­ ment, introduced after the civil war, is that no one may be excluded from the suffrage “on account of race, colour, or previous condition of servitude”.

Women, children, criminals, insane per­ sons, and unnaturalized immigrants, are of course excluded from suffrage.

Formerly there were property qualifica­ tions, but they have almost wholly dis­ appeared.

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' Perhaps the most mischievous appli­ cation of popular election is its applica­ tion to the judicial posts. It is true, the independence and dignity of the Federal judges are protected by an article ofthe Constitution. The Supreme Court is probably inferior in ability and character to no other judicial body on the globe. As recently as 1830, the judges were, in some states, appointed by the governor or the legislature.

This lowered and tainted the admini­ stration of justice, for then politics would play a very prominent part in the appointment of the judges. In 1878 twenty-four states elected its judges by a popular vote, but these judges hold their office only for a few years, unless re-elected, and their salaries are extreme­ ly small. This causes more or less cor­ ruption on the bench, where no party spirit ought to exist. It has gone so far that judges have been bribed and both sold and denied justice. This was at the time the Tweed ring had control of New York. Tyranny seldom assumes a more odious form than when judges, juries, and executives are the tools of a faction or a mob.

Closely connected with this abuse is the “spoils system.’’ It is the system of treating all the smaller posts and offices, both Federal and State, as rewards for party services. This necessitates chang­ ing the occupants with each change of political power. Up to the time ofJackson, no president took advantage of this system. Jackson may be said to have completed the work of making the Amer­ ican republic a pure democracy which Jefferson had begun. He deserves to be remembered as the founder of the most stupendous system of political corrup­ tion in modern history. In the first month of his administration, Jackson dismissed more men from office than all the presidents who had preceded him.

Before the passage of the Pendleton Act

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. in 1883, political assessments were us­ ually made to carry on the expenses of the campaign. Such assessments were paid because the office holders knew that their political existence would be term­ inated, should any change of adminis­ tration occur. This system of rotation of offices is a product of democracy. It will be observed that the more respect­ able class of citizens are excluded from political life, and the management is thrown into the hands of professional politicians. No one can expect to have much influence in politics unless he makes it the main business of his life.

There is no country in the world in which party contests are fought with more energy and tenacity than in America.

One cause of the degradation of Ameri­ can politics has been the extreme facility with which ballots have been given to ignorant immigrants who had no ex­ perience in public life aud no real inter­ est in the well-being of the country.

If the Know-nothing party had suc­ ceeded in lengthening the period of resi­ dence required for naturalization, it

would have given a different character to American politics. The immigrants would then have had an opportunity to study politics, instead of plunging into them as soon as they lauded on this side of the Atlantic. They usually congre­ gated in the large cities where they be­ came the tools of political rings. In that part of the United States which had es­ caped the contamination of the immi­ grant vote the negroes added anew and enormous mass of voters. A host of political adventurers from the North, known as “carpet-baggers,” poured into the Southern States. They were in all their glory until the northern troops were withdrawn, and then they were ready to return with their Southern boot}'.

In ever}' large city we find some cor­ ruption connected with politics.

It is said that cities with a population of 50,000 or over are under the control of rings who rule mainly for their own ben­ efit, and believe that “to the victors be­ long the spoils.”

E. S, D. ’01, Ac.

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we view our present athletics, field-day sports, football games, horse races, and the like, we are reminded of the pastimes of the people in the far dim past. Our first thought, however, is not of the tournaments in the days of chivalry, nor of the gladiators in the Roman theatre, but of the famous games of ancient Greece.

Every city of ancient Greece had a turning school, but not in our sense of the word, for every boy had to turn in the open air. The Hellenes however had several places where they tried their strength and skill, and one of these, the most important too, .was Olympia.

The Olympic games took place every fourth year,not only as a source ofamuse­ ment but also as a sacrifice to the God, Zeus.

Olympia is situated in the western part of southern Greece, in the Pelopon­ nesus, on the Alplieus river. On nearing the plain of Olympia you behold a sight of such ancient splendor of art and beauty, that you are entirely incapable of grasping it at once. On the north are the Heights of Kronos, low but beautiful mountains in the verdure of sunny Greece. Towards the south the Alpheus river meanders as a silver rib­ bon between its grassy banks.

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Between these beautiful scenes of na­ ture is the Altis, the sacred grove of Zeus, in the beauty of the luxuriant cli­ mate of the tropics. The temples, the colonnades of Doric pillars, and the statues of Gods and of winners of past 0l3rmpiades the masterpieces of Grecian art fill you with wonder and awe. The pure Hellenic plainness is so divine, so grand, that there is nothing above it in art and beaut3r. In the center of the Altis is the lozenge-shaped altar of Zeus.

Near here also is the gymnasium where the participants of the games train ten months bejore the festivities.

When the Otympic games had de­ veloped in fullest bloom, the people came from countries far and near to take part in the festivities. The first day was en­ tirety given up to sacrifices to the Gods, mainly Zens. How many hecatcombs might there have been brought to the altar on this day? The second day the bo3's contended in races, wrestling and the like. This day was not considered so ven' important.

On the morning of the third day the judges took their places. Then the com­ petitors and witnesses were obliged to take a solemn oath before the judges and even'one present. La3'ing their hands upon the quivering victim the3r cried: “Here, O Zeus! We who stand before 3rou now arc of pure Hellenic blood; free sons of free parents, neither branded with dishonor nor guilty^ of any sacrilege. We have duty undergone for ten months of training to fit us to contend before thee, and we will so contend striving earnestty by all lawful means and withoutguile or bribery to attain victory.”

Standing in the arena and looking up to the slopes that rise theater-like around us, we are filled with wonder at the sight of the audience. The Spartans with their simple but modest habits, the Athenians with their fine distinguished and intelligent features, the Corinthians,

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tlie Syracusans with their lavish display of finery, the Romans-with their pomp, and also strangers from Asia and the Asiatic colonies are there. Only the maidens of Greece are allowed to be pres­ ent, with the exception of the priestess of Demeter Chamyne. These maidens of Hellas are young and beautiful and add much to the pleasure of the festivities.

The multitude is in great expectation and the question of the day is: “Who is to wear the olive crown, and of what city.” Now the herald asks if anyone has anything against the characters of the contestants. After this question is settled the exercises begin. The herald proclaims the first race and the names of the competitors.

The first race consists in running the course once. Its length is one stadium about 164? meters or 6,436 feet. The athletes with the oil glistening on their naked bodies stand at the limestone threshold at the foot of the stadium awaiting the final signal. As soon as this is given and the competitors are ex­ erting themselves to the utmost to do honor to their native cities, the people seem to liven up and shout and cheer for their representatives in the race.

After this the dianlos takes place, a race of double the course. Then follows the dolichos, which consists in running the course seven to twelve times. This last one is a tremendous strain on the runners. During these last two races the multitude is in the same state of ex­ hilaration as during the first one.

Next comes the pankration, a wrest­ ling or boxing match. The contestants of this sport are not of the same muscu­ lar kind as the runners, but they have fat bodies so as to endure the blows.

Their bodies do not, however, glisten with oil, but are on the contrary anoint­ ed and covered with a fine dust so that they can keep a hold on one another.

They fight with great severity, but the

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victory is denied him who kills his opponent.

This is followed by a race of the lioplites or men in heavy armor. Their panalopy consists of a helmet, a round shield, and a sword; besides their body and legs were covered with metal. What physical strength do these exhibit in running the stadium!

This finishes up the third day, the grandest of all during the whole festival, The fourth day is somewhat different from the third, because the five games called the pentateon are all considered as one, and a competitor must be a winner in every one of these five before he can be crowned a victor. These five exercises are leaping, running, throwing the discus, throwing the spear and wrestling.

On the fifth day the chariot and horse races take place, but on another course or track called the hippodrome. These races were generally much thought of, but the richer class of people only took part on account of the expenses of keeping the horses. Women also took partin

these .During the rest of the day triumphprocessions, sacrifices, and banquets took place in honor of the victors. The closing of the games was commonly called Olympionikoi.

Those whom fortune had crowned with victory were crowned with a wreath of olive twigs, cut in the sacred grove of Zeus. When thinking of the prizes and medals offered nowadays for mere trifles, how simple are the offerings of the ancicnt Greeks.

There is something beautiful and ideal in this, for there is nothing so low as to strive merely for the material gain. Of course the heroes had a lasting honor, especially in their own cit}'.

At the Olympic games the latest litera­ ture was exhibited, but no prizes were offered. In the evening the guests listenccl to music, especially to the soft strains of the lyre, The Greeks are the only people that understand art and beauty and this fact is also pictured in its brightest colours in Olympia.

Hans, ’03.

American Eitcratnrc. ^pHE history of literature in the United people of to-day. The first book printed States is naturally divided into in America was the “Boy Psalm Book”, three periods. The colonial period, from compiled by the apostle Eliot. The 1607—1750; the revolutionary period, printing was done by Stephen Day in from 1750—1800; and the period of 1640 at Cambridge. “The Journal and national development, from 1800 to the Letters of Governor Wintlirop” is more present day. simple and effective in manner than any All the energies of the early settlers other works of this period, were expended in felling trees, proriding The “Simple Cobbler of Aggawan” by shelter from the elements, defending their the Rev. Nathaniel Ward of Ipswich, families from the savages, and providing was written in 1645, and printed in for their daily food, which all in all was London in 1647. It contains a satire unfavorable to the literature of this upon the extravagance ofwoman’s dress, period. The few books written during But the title “Simple Cobbler” is not this time were mostly of a religious cha- appropriate; for the author is neither racter and are not interesting to us simple nor amusing, but painfully pedan-

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THE BLACK AND RED. tic; his sentences are filled with Latin and barbarous words of his own coining.

Miss Anne Broadstrcet wrote a volume of poems in 1647, which seem to have been greatly admired. The first of this volume was a dialogue between “the four elements”, then between “the four humors”. Then appeared “thefour ages of man” and “the four monarchies of the world”. The principle work of Cot­ ton Mather, a man of uncommon ability and learning and one of the greatest men of New England, is entitled “Magnalia Christi Americana”, which con­ tains detailed accounts of the settle­ ments of the New England colonies.

“The Day of Doom” or “A Poetic De­ scription of the Great and Last Judge­ ment” was written by Michael Wigglcsworth. This was a very successful work at the time, but as its character was a religious one, it lost its value for later days. Jonathan Edwards, a grad­ uate of Yale College, who was born in East Windsor, Conn., in 1703, was the greatest writer of the Puritans. He was a deep thinker and a man of sound reasoning. Thomas Hutchinson was the author of a History of Massachu­ setts during the period from 1620-1691.

The history of the discovery of Virginia and its early settlements was written b}' Capt. John Smith. The literary his­ tory of this colony did not begin until a later period. Harvard College, which was founded in 1636 as a seminary for religious teachers, had a great influence upon American literature. It at first shared the poverty of the New England colonics, but it grew with their growth and was read}' to act its part on a larger field, which spread with the increase of wealth and the demand for higher cul­ ture. Later came Yale, William and

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Mary, Princeton, and Union colleges, all centers of great influence.

During the revolutionary period a very small number of writers gained reputation througli their works. One of the greatest writers of this period is Thomas Paine, the author of “Common Sense,” which was published in January, 1796. In December of the same year the first number of his “Crisis” appeared.

It was read at the head of every regiment and had a great influence upon the troops.

Another great writer was the ornitho­ logist, Alexander Wilson, a man of bril­ liant talent and a master of beautiful style of writing. A scries of papers entitelcd “The Federalist” was written by James Madison and Alex..Hamilton. It was written upon the constitution of our country and is an invaluable book to lawyers and statesmen. A promiment novelist of this period was Charles Broekden Brown, a man of great ability, who will be remembered in all histories of our literature. He was born in Phila­ delphia in 1771.

But our literature really begins with Bryant and Irving, Bryant as the first of our poets, and Irving of our prose writers. When Thauatopsis appeared in the North American Review, and the Sketch Book was issued in New York, Br}rant and Irving gained a reputation throughout the world. Among the var­ ious poets of this period the greatest are: Bryant, Emerson, Longfellow, Lowellf Whittier and Holmes,as novelists Cooper, Hawthorne, and Mrs. Howe will always have an affectionate remembrance. The classic orators of this period are: Web­ ster, Clay, Everett, Calhoun, and Sum­ ner. Among the great historians the world will not forget: Bancroft, Enobley, Prescott, and Parkman.

R. P. ’03.

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James Fenimore Cooper is undoubt­ edly the first American author of distinc­ tion and, if judged by the popularity which his novels have enjoyed for nearly three quarters of a century, is still the most successful of all American novelists.

He was bora in Burlington, New Jer­ sey, September 15,1789. In his youth his father moved to the wilderness of central New York, where he founded Cooperstown. Here young James lived till he was fourteen years old, when he entered the freshmen class at Yale. But as he was wild and reckless he was ex­ pelled during the third year. He now secured a berth in the merchant marine and shipped as a sailor before the mast in the “Stirling” bound for London. The next year he entered the United States navy as midshipman. In 1811 he was married and in deference to the wishes of his wife he resigned his commission after three years of service.

At the age of 31 he published his first novel, “Precaution,” which was com­ paratively a failure. Then followed his very successful novels, “The Spy”, and “The Last of the Mohicans,” This was the first of a series of five romances known as the “Leather-stocking Tales.”

The hero of this series Natty Bumpo, or “Leatherstocking” was Cooper’s one great creation in the sphere of character.

After that he produced novel after novel, in all 34, many of which were sea tales.

Besides these he wrote several works of travel and a “History of the American Navy,” a work of some merit.

Cooper was a man of stroiig marked individuality, fiery, pugnacious and sen­ sitive to criticism. In several works of travel he had wtitten, he expressed his conviction that the morals and manners ofhis countrymen were degenerating. The whig newspapers immediately slandered and ridiculed him. Cooper instituted

libel suits against many of the leading editors, among whom Horace Greeley may be mentioned. The suits at first caused much merriment among the de­ fendants; but when jury after jury was obliged, in most cases, to return a ver­ dict for the plaintiff, there was a decided change in the tone of the press. Cooper, however, did not stop until the editors published a sweeping retraction of all they had ever printed derogatory to his character.

In the same spirit he used fiction as a vehicle for attack upon the abuse and follies of American life. The merit of these novels was partly overlooked as Cooper was always on the unpopular side of the controversies. The effect was to embitter the last year of a life that should have ended in the assurance of a well-earned and world-wide literary fame.

Cooper died in his house at Cooperstown September 14, 1851, and was buried in the Episcopal cliurcli-yard.

A monument has been erected there, sur­ mounted by a statue of “Leatherstock­ ing”. Six months after his death a pub­ lic meeting was held, in honor of his memory, in the city of New York.

Daniel Webster presided and addressed the assembly, as did also William Cullen Bryant. Washington Irving was also present with a large representation of the most cultivated people in the city.

Cooper’s literary style is defective, and many of his incidents are improb­ able. But in describing the exciting life on the frontier, the forest, the sea and the varied aspects of nature, he is al­ ways vigorous and often brilliant. He created the Indian of literature and, al­ though he has had countless imitators, he has had no equals. Whether Cooper’s Indian was the real thing or an idealized version of the truth has been a subject

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of dispute. However this be, his stand­ ing in the domain of art is secure, Equally good with the Indian novels were Cooper’s sea tales. The best of these are “The Pilot” and “The Red Rover”. But here Cooper has to admit competitors in the persons of Captain Marryat, Herman Melville, Clark Russel and others.

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The generation that now reads Cooper’s novels know him only as a master of fine descriptive English. His libel suits are forgotten, his offensive criti­ cisms are rarely read, and he is remembercd only as the most brilliant and successful of American novelists, M. N. ’03.

mining in Colorado,

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J?AR away in the Rockies of Colorado in the upper part of Clear Creek county, there lies a small town known as Silver Plume, located between two high mountains covered on both sides with many large trees. The greater part of the surrounding country is very rocky and steep. A small creek flows through the town, in which many fine Rocky mountain trout are caught.

Very little is heard of this small village, unless occasionally it be something of the silver mines, because it is entirely isolated from the outside world and is of no particular importance. Go where 3'ou will in the surrounding country, you will find no other occupation than that of mining and lumbering.

Some people have queer notions about mining. They have the idea that, when they go there, they will have the oppor­ tunity to wander about the mountains and to pick up the precious minerals, and become rich in a short time. But no, that is not the case. In mining as well as in any other occupation you are obliged to work good and hard before you can become a millionaire.

The weary prospector wanders about the mountains with a pick on his shoul­ der, until he comes to a kind of dark rock, when the first thing to be done is to find the “vein”, or in other words what we call the “lode”, and there the miner judges just about what place to

begin, so as to be sure of having enough ground above the solid rock to prevent a “cave”. The miner at first provides picks, shovels, drills, giant powder, candles, and caps. He digs a hole with the pick and shovel about eight feet deep and four feet wide at first, until solid rock has been reached, and then he uses the hammer and drill. From three to four holes can be drilled in half a day, that is, if it is in soft rock, and if in hard rock, about two can be drilled. And so the miner continues to dig in the direc­ tion the “vein” goes, until he comes to a shining streak of silver or lead. He then first digs out a number of sackfuls of this shining mineral and, after separa^ ting the rock from it, sends it to the mill to be tested as to whether it is worth anything. If so, he then opens up a fine streak and sells it to some “greenies” or a company for ten or fifteen thousand dollars.

These mining companies will let some other poor miner have a piece of ground and he works on it until he has taken out a few tons of mineral, when he sends it to the mill to see what it will bring.

Now you may think that the miner gets all the money for himself, but no, the company charges him from fifty to sixty per cent on every dollar and for every stick of timber he has used. And so by the time the miner has paid all his expenses he has but little left for himself.

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A miner’s life is much different from that of a farmer. He gets up very early in the morning, eats his breakfast, and then goes to the mine. When he arrives there he first rests a few moments and then goes into the mine to his work.

He is not sure of coming out alive when he is under ground and may at any time be crushed to death. The miner stays under ground all day long and returns home late in the evening, tired and weary after his hard work. After he reaches home, he eats his supper and goes to bed to rest himself, and does not think of going out ‘’sporting” in the evening like the college boy or the car­ penter. In the long, cold winter he usually stays up an hour longer and listens to the wind’s tune, or to the music in his house, if he has an instru­ ment of any kind, and if he has not, then he sits with his family around the warm stove and talks about the ex­ periences of the day, hoping that, when he gets to the mine the next morning, he will see a fine, rich streak of ore.

I remember well the day when I stopped going to school and started out to work in the mine. Before this my father usually took me along and set me to work at a hard job. This was what we call “tramming’ ’. This is done when the miner has dug deep enough to put in a track and a car. I had to fill the car with the dirt and rock and tram it out on the dump.

At one time when we were in need of money and clothes and father was not earning anything, he was offered a job to work by the day, which he accepted, but did not care to leave the piece of ground where he was working. So I told him to go, saving that I would work the best I could myseii. I worked hard for a month, and took out about a ton

of ore, which brought me eighty dollars, and hoping that I could do better the next month, I worked with still more energy; but when the month was over, I had hardly any mineral whatever, and what I had seemed to be worthless. I was discouraged, so I gave it up and went home. I explained matters to my father and said that I thought it was of no use working there for nothing. He told me to get the rest of my mining tools and bring them home.

The next da3r being Saturda3'I started for the mine again, and, by the way, that day I took the longest road to get there.

When I arrived at the mine I was low­ ered down the shaft in a bucket, three hundred and seventy-five feet, and then was obliged to get out and walk to where I had previously been working.

There was only one place to go down further into the mine, and that was a very dangerous place, because anyone going that way was obliged to go with­ out a light, on account ofso much water dripping down. I started down for the first level and reached it safely. But now the next one was about two hundred and fifty feet, and just as I had shut the trap door, I lost 1113' footing and fell thirty feet. I thought it was all over with me, but just by good luck one of my legs caught between the solid rock wall and the timbers. When I stopped it gave me such a jerk that it took me some time to get out. My tools had fallen off my shoulder to the next level, Well, I got home all right, but when my brother asked me why my face was so white, I could not tell him^ because I was so nervous, and I think the hair was still sticking up straight on the top of my head. I felt very stiff and sore for some time, but I will never forget my first accident in a mine. L. S.,’ 02, ac.

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football.

JT was intended to publish accounts of the games in the last issue of the Black and Red, but lack of space made it necessary to drop them. As a result this issue gives the record of all important games thus far played.

Lawrence University 37; Northwest­ ern 0.

Lawrence University defeated North­ western September 29 at Appleton by a score of 37-0. Once during the second half Zimowski picked up the ball on a fumble and carried it across the goal line. It was counted void, however, since lie stepped slightly out of bounds while running. This was the only time Northwestern had a chance to score.

Lawrence outweighed Northwestern by an average of twenty-three pounds, and still Northwestern held them on downs several times. It was not weight alone that won the game, Northwestern sadly lacked coaching. The defense was weak and Lawrence was able to make line smashes and short-end plays with good effect. Picper’s punting was a feature of the game, while Keller’s play on the defense was meritorious. Peck and Russcll did the best work for Lawrence.

Northwestern chose the ball and Hani • 1 i cr j. j.i or, ,. ,, SOU kicked On to the 2o-yard line. Keller was there to receive it, but made an in. . r . . ,, , ,. .. ,, excusable fumble, thereby thwarting the only chance for Northwestern to score , , T on their heavy opponents. Lawrence began at once to hammer tackles, center and halves, and in five minutes of play , , , , j „ : they had scored a touch-down. Peck failed to kick goal. Northwestern put up a plucky fight, but they were not able

at all times to hold the heavy adversar­ ies. It was surprising, to say the least, that Lawrence was held down to two touchdows in the first half. It was de­ termination that aided Northwestern.

The second touchdown was madeby the same plays as the first. It took twenty minutes longer, however to secure it.

At the end of the first half Capt. Sauer and Frank had to retire. Luebke and Schrocdel went in to fill the vacancies.

Lawrence put in fresh men at various positions, and Northwestern tired and discouraged by the loss of the captain and one tackle were no longer able to hold Lawrence. In this half practically the same plays were used as in the first.

When time was called Lawrence had rolled up a total of 37points. Thescore was high, but Northwestern deserve credit nevertheless. It was weight and coaching that told against them.

The line up was as follows: LAWRENCE.

NORTHWESTERN.

Smith, Te Keller, 1 e Frank, Schroedel, 11 Broydcn, r t Buerger, 1 g Sorenson,’ c S Buchholz, c Lembcke, rg Holstein, 1 g Mahnkc, r t Peck,Tomkins, 1 e Schultz, r e Sauer, Luebke, q b Cole, Pride, q b R. Pieper, 1 h Beimctt, Johnson, r h Hanson, 1 h Zimowski, r h J. Pieper, f b Russell, f b Score: Lawrence 37, Northwestern 0.

Touchdowns, Peck 3, Rogers 3, Johnson 1.

S°?ls fr^In touchdowns, Smith 2.

Referee, T. B. Beveridge, Lawrence, Umpire, H. E. Beurhaus.

Nortnwestern. Linesmen-Curtis of Lawrence, Pfund of Northwestern, Time-keepers—Jedelc and Coleman, Time of Halve*—Twenty-live and twenty.

Whitewater Normal 31; Northw. 0.

Whitewater defeated Northwestern 0ct 13th by a score of 31 to 0. The game was extremely one-sided in the first half, and not in the least encourag-

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ing for the home team. The total of 31 points was rolled up in the first half, neither team scoring in the second.

Considering that Northwestern received no coaching previous to the game, the team is not wholly inexcusable for al­ lowing Whitewater to roll up so high a score. Judging, however, from the play in the second half it becomes incontrovertiblv evident that our men were capable of exhibiting a far better game than they did in the first half. During the entire first half they were slow and sluggish. The ends often failed to break the interference of the opponents on end plays and often succeeded in getting completely boxed in. On the other hand the line proved strong, in fact impene­ trable, wholly contrary to expectation.

Whitewater was forced to resort to end plays and thereby often netted long gains. Keller, Sauer, Pieper, and Frank were noticeabty in evidence for North­ western, while Riedel and Eiken played best for Whitewater.

Whitewater won the toss, choosing the ball. Pieper kicked off, Riedel returning it 15 yards. Whitewater immediately tried the line at various places, but found it impregnable. Then end plays were tried and in a few minutes of play a touchdown was secured. No goal.

After the next kick-off Whitewater was held on downs several times.

Northwestern on securing the ball played slow and sluggish invariably, and repeated^ men from the opposing line succeeded in tackling the man with the ball behind the line. At no time during this half was the Whitewater goal in danger, on the contrary^ the play was mostly in Northwestern’s territor}\ Whitewater scored 31 points in the first half. All touchdowns after the first five points were practically repetitions of the first.

No change was made in the line-up of

either team in the beginning of the second half. Whitewater kicked off, Heper returning the ball 20 yards. The N rthwestern men then shook offthe lethargy which clung so tenaciously to them in the disastrous first half and showed for the first time during the game what they were capable of doing. By fast ag­ gressive play the ball was steadily ad­ vanced towards Whitewater’s goal.

When it had been worked to the center of the field, Frank made a long end run of 35 yards, bringing the ball alarming­ ly near the opponent’s goal. In the next scrimmage, however, it was lost by a fumble. Whitewater was unable to gain much in this half and often resorted to punts. Several interchanges of punts took place, Pieper getting the better of his opponent on every occasion. Neither team was able to score in this half, and when time was called the score stood as it did at the end of the first half. Total score, 31-0.

The teams lined up as follows: WHITEWATER NORMALS.

NORTH WESTERN.

Donovan.........................

Bigelow r g rt BakcrS. re Christopher lg It Ricse.!^!! .1 e qb Hutton.... fb IfkcS^..* ,r h.

......Bucliholz ......Lc in bclce ......Koch ......Schultz ......Buerger ...... Frank ......Keller ......Sauer ......Pieper ......Luebcke ......Zimowski

Davis and Douglierty..l li Toychdowns-Whitewatcr: Eiken, Baker, Riese,

Bettmgcr 3. Goals—Hutton. Referee—Trautnian.

Umpire—Zarling. Linesmen—Grant and Dittman.

Titnekcepers-Mueller and Pfund.

Northwestern 15; Ripon College 0.

Two weeks after the Whitewater game Northwestern won over Ripon by a score of 15-0. It was the first victory of the season, and doubtlessly was due in a great measure to the faithful efforts of Coach Cleary, who took'charge of the team only a few da3rs before the game, For the first time in the season did the team exhibit team work. The play was fast and snappy, the interference was formed faster and more compact than

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ever before, Zimowski, Sauer, Pieper and Keller played best for the hometeam, while Russell, Newschwander and Thom­ as excelled among the visitors.

Ripon won the toss and took the ball.

Pieper kicked off, Russell returning the ball to the Ripon five yard line. By hard football Ripon advanced the ball twenty yards. Northwestern now held them on downs, but lost the ball by a fumble af­ ter gaining fifteen 3'ards through center.

The Northwestern men were seemingly in a stupor for the next ten minutes of pla3r, and not until the ball was inside oftheirownl5 yard line did they ap­ pear to realize the imminent danger.

Northwestern took a brace, held Ripon and secured the ball. Line smashes, mass and end plays worked with demor­ alizing effect.

The fast playing took the opponents by surprise. Twice the ball was advanced to Ripon's five yard line and each time it was lost by inex­ cusable fumbles. Finally at the third attempt it was pushed over for the first touchdown ofthe day. No goal. Another touchdown was scored in this half, mak­ ing the score 10-0 when time was called for the intermission.

By request of Ripon the length of the second half was reduced to fifteen min­ utes, time taken out included. Ripon kicked off and in three minutes of play the ball was advanced to the 35-3rard line, from where Zimowski made a clever goal from field. Ripon kicked off again, Northwestern gaining rapidl3r as before.

When time was called the teams were battling on Ripon’s 15 yard line. Total score 15-0.

Northwestern showed marvelous im­ provement over former games in the con­ test with Ripon. The victory over Ripon was decisive and ought to give the team new courage for the remaining games.

The line-up was the following: NORTH WESTERN.

RIPON COLLEGE.

Stewart................

Boiler....................

.r c.

r t.

.......Schultz ...... Koch

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Lembche .rg.

Congdon...........

Buchholz Russell...............

Buerger H Thomas........

1S Prank It Newschwander Keller .1 e.

M Newcomb.....

Sauer qb Mart Newcomb Zarling rh Beatty...............

Zimowski .1 h Lamb.................

Pieper .fb J Thomas.........

Touchdowns—Pieper, Frank. Goal from field— Zimowski. Referee, Northwestern—Cleary. Um­ pire, Ripon—Marsh. Linesmen, Eaton and Dittman. Timekeepers—Luner and Pfund. Time of halves—25 and 15 minutes.

Oshkosh Normal, 15; Northwestern, 0.

On Saturday, November 10, the North­ western team suffered defeat at the hands of the Oshkosh Normal team at Oshkosh.

Spurned on by the victory over Ripon two weeks before, the team had prac­ ticed the week previous to the game with determination to win. But on the day before the game sadnews cametothe team. Pieper was obliged to discontinue football. It was a hard blow and his absence in the Oshkosh game doubtless accounts for three-fourths of the points scored. The day was most unfavorable for a game. Rain and snow had been descending together the whole day, and the afternoon found the field one big mass of deep, muddy, and sticky clay.

Northwestern was weak at center and left tackle and here Oshkosh made most of the substantial gains.

Oshkosh won the toss, choosing the ball. Zimowski kicked off. Houghton received the ball on the 15 yard line and was downed in his tracks before return­ ing it five yards. After two scrimmages Oshkosh found the weak spot of North­ western in the center trio. Left tackle also proved weak at times. The other tackle and the ends were impregnable.

Oshkosh steadily hammered center and left tackle, advancing the ball to the Northwestern 40 yard line. In the next scrimmage Oshkosh tried a double pass, Harvey circling the left end for the first touchdown. No goal. Schultz, who de­ fended the end around which Harvey sprinted, was not at fault in missing his

THE BLACK AND RED.

134

man. The slight start that Harvey had on Schultz in running in the deep mud was sufficient to make Schultz fail to reach his man by a few inches.

Zimowski kicked off again and by hammering the weak spots already men­ tioned Oshkosh scored another touch­ down after ten minutes more of play.

Le Clair failed to kick goal. Soon after the next kick-off time was called.

At the beginning of the second half Houghton kicked off, Keller returning the ball to the 25 yard line. Zarling and Zimowski were successively given the ball for straight line plunges, each gain­ ing four yards. Keller received the ball next for an end run of 45 yards. He passed all obstacles successfully and had a clear expanse for a touchdown, when he slipped in the deep mire, giving his pursuers a chance to overtake him.

Northwestern was clearly outplaying Oshkosh; their play was decidedly faster.

Oshkosh men were being played off their feet and a touchdown was clearly in sight for Northwestern. In the second scrimmage after Keller’s long run, how­ ever, a costly fumble gave the ball to Oshkosh. Oshkosh was unable to gain and Reuther was forced to drop back for a punt, which was blocked by Zimowski.

Northwestern secured the ball but lost it on downs. Oshkosh took a brace and ramming into the same old weak spots finally added another touchdown to the ; score. No goal was kicked. Zimowski kicked off once more and after four min­ utes of hard struggling time was called.

Northwestern meets Oshkosh again on Thanksgiving day, and if the defense, especially of the center men, is improved greatly, chances for victory are very en­ couraging, but it means earnest work.

The line-up was as follows: NORTHWESTERN.

OSHKOSH.

Dille............

Miller..........

Rumort......, Fellenz....... .

Teske......... .

TS rt .r e.

■1 g-

........ Buchholz ........ Lembcke ........ Koch .........Schultz ......... Buerger

Rosenthal Clarkel....

Lc Clair...

.Keller .11. .1 e. .Frank .Sauer qb •Zarling rh Houghton .Zimowski .1 h.

Reuther... ,fb. .Luebcke Touchdowns: Harvey 2, Clarkel. Referee: Cleary.

Umpire: Blair. Linesmen: Lolir and Keefe. Time­ keepers: Kelly and Pfund. Time: 20 minute halves.

Beta RDo. •JHE members of the Beta Rho Liter­ ary Society met November 8, in the assembly room and discussed plans for the coming year. It seemed to be the prevailing opinion, that, unless dif­ ferent methods of management could be adopted, the society might as well dis­ band. And certainly, the state of affairs last year were most deplorable. The utter lack of interest taken in the affairs of the society combined with various other conditions to make the little work that was attempted an entire failure.

The only persons who seemed to be a little interested in what was going on whenever the society came together were the members of the preparatory classes, who were admitted as visitors.

It is to be hoped that a different spirit toward the society will exist among the students of the collegiate department this year, that the membership will greatly increase, and that, when the energy-consuming football season is over, some of the bright lights among our Seniors and Juniors will put some of their spare enthusiasm into literary work. The first step towards improve­ ment was made on November 8, when the society decided to make some radical changes in the constitution. The com­ mittee to whom this work was assigned will do their best to eliminate those features that have hitherto stood in the way of desirable success and will report the results of their efforts to the society November 14. Provision will be made to make the work of the society more

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interesting to the members. Something class. As most of the members play footwill be found to take the place of unin- ball, the regular turning hours have not teresting declamations and “stale” de- begun as yet, but they will set in as soon bates. Opportunity should be given for as the football season is over.

The result of the last election of offimore informal discussion of current liter­ ary topics, and if more attention would cers was as follows: President, Fred be paid to the study of parliamentary Zarling; vice-president, Leo. Kirst; secrelaw the work of the society would be tary, Heniy Luebckc; treasurer, Salo•mon Jedele; master of the arsenal, Martin much more beneficial to all.

Raasch

Our Cuming School.

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AM0NG thc socictics mentioned in the columns of our paper, nothing has as 3'Ct been written about our Turning Society.

This society was organized some years ago for the purpose of giving thc stu­ dents a chance to take the necessary physical exercise. Every student ought to have a good deal of physical exercise, for it is impossible for him to sit at his books aU da3r long and still remain healthy. Every student ought to be­ long to this socict3r, at least those who do not already belong to some society in which they can exercise their body. If a person has much to stud3r or has been studying all da3', he ought to give his brain a rest, and at no time is his mind more at ease than while turning.

But we can not complain. Our society is in a flourishing condition. We have at least sevent3r-five members, which is more than we have ever had. Our hall has been repaired and everything has been gotten in order, so that aii3r mem­ ber who wishes to turn can do so. The members have been divided into three classes, according to their ability to turn, and teachers have been chosen for the respective classes. As we could get no good teacher from the outside, we were obliged to choose from our membership.

As teachers were chosen Fred Zarling for the first class, John Pieper for the second, and Henry Luebcke for the third

Military notes. tj.ie

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lniIitary company drilled on the cam this faJ1 twicc a week regu.

larly. After completing the school of the soldier with considerable individual drill the larger movements constituted the greater part of the work.

The recruits that joined the ranks a few weeks ago are progressing fairly. In order that they may attain the pro­ ficiency with which the rest of the com­ pany does its work, they had drill once a week besides their regular drill. An­ other squad of recruits has lately been formed and is now receiving instructions in the manual of arms.

The cold weather has finally made drill on the campus an impossibility.

Consequently during the -winter we shall be confined to the gymnasium. The time will be devoted to physical exercise and individual exercise, so that we shall be able in spring to proceed to the com­ pany manuevers and extended order drill at once.

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Prof. O. Hoyer delivered a sermon at St. Mark’s Church, October 21.

Praeses Von Rohr was a visitor to his son Adolph at the alma mater during the week beginning October 14.

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John Guse, ’00, and Otto Kulilow, ton, Minn., where Rev. Kuhn will assist ’99, came from Milwaukee to witness his son, Rev. G. Kuhn, ’97, in ministerial the football game between Ripon College duties, and Northwestern University, October Sunday, October 21, Prof.JuliusGamm conducted the services at Bethesda 27.

Arnold Hoenecke, ’01, visited his par- Church, Milwaukee, in the absence of ents at Wauwatosa, November 2. He Rev. Knuth.

English Reformation services were held returned on the 4th.

Willie Luebcke, ’03, returned to re- at St. Mark’s Church Sunday evening, sume his studies, October 27, after stay- November*. Prof.JuliusGamm preached ing at home for some time to have his the sermon on the words: “How long eyes treated. halt between two opinions? If the Lord be God, follow him; if Baal, then Fred Stern, ’06, was happy to welcome follow him.”—i.

Kings xviii. 12. A large his father and brothers as visitors, Oct­ audience was present. ober 20.

Johnny^ Manz, ’06, left for his home in Miss Agnes Raasch of Norfolk, Neb., called on her brother Martin, ’03, at Milwaukee, November 10. He returned on the 11th. college, November 6.

Adolph Baebenroth, ’04, visited his Theo. Schulz, 03, visited his parents at parents at Milwaukee, November 9.

Cold Spring,, October 27.

Rev. Koch of Columbus called at the Otto Keller, ’04, went home November 3, and staid until Wednesday, November alma mater, November 6, to visit his son Hugo, ’03.

7. Of course, he voted for McKinley.

Arnold Pankow of Waterloo, Wis., was Mrs. E. Dornfeld called on her son a visitor to his cousin Harry Luebcke, Ernest, ’04, at college, November 9.

Louis Witte, ’03, went home on election 011 Sunday, November 11.

Prof. A. F. Ernst and Dr. F. W. A. Notz day to perform his duties as a citizen.

Mr. A. M. Lohr, while making a busi- attended the meeting of the board at ness trip in this city, called on his nephew Milwaukee, October 30.

Rob. E. Lohr, ’05, October 18.

A large audience gathered Sunda}' af­ ternoon, November 11, in University $ chapel, to listen to the harmonious strains that flowed from the lips of the Give me the ball.

“Leipziger Quartette.” It was indeed a rare musical treat, and all left satisfied Election! 0, Japs! that talents had here been developed al­ Why did Scipo change his bet ? most to that degree which is called per­ When is your coach coming, Jack? fection. The concert was given under Dago was sent here to amuse Eddy. the auspices of the faculty and well can Ask John and Pete who got an office. they pride themselves of their success.

Say,is it a musical concert? “Arc-light.”

Rev.R. Jeske, ’95, formerly of Milwau­ Makeyour dates some other time, Bog. kee, accepted a call from Sumbra, Minn.

Rev. Kuhn and wife, visiting with Prof.

Jack believes in a clean shave and a low A. Kuhn, have made a short detour to collar.

Milwaukee. They intend to return to Jack, how much a mile for baggage Watertown and then leave for Lake Ben- wheeling?

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Ixonia ducks have won great fame here.

“Fatty” and his pipe, one and insep­ arable.

Oh! I lost my butter for a whole month.

Rufus was seen below the arc light Sunday night.

Gr - - ch: Both ladies were presented with large courting gifts.

Won’t you help him out? “Acorn” wouldlike to know what kind of an in­ strument a sw-nette is.

Egotist’s logic: Football is a college sport, I am a college sport; ergo, I am a football. Don’t forget to kick it, boys.

For first-class shoe-shines call on Stubbs & Co., corner High street and Maple Tree avenue, third floor.

Jacob Grimm calls it poor policy to bet against the boys; one box is enough.

Why do the band members like to talk about their alto since the concert?

A person can almost hear whiskers grow since election.

Found, a brown hair ribbon.

Don’t forget to ask Kelly about that new illuminator.

Hats off, Jack. You have a good crop.

Nur niclit bleich werden.

Leo was given a “side glance” and a sweet smile in the reading room the other day.

“Rip” reading the “History of John Gilpin”: John Gilpin and wife celebrated their twentieth wedding adversary at Edmonton.

Before election Jacob Grim was ready to fly away and after election to fall through the earth.

For violin instructions and informa­ tion about latest music, call on Lucidus Frutex.

W. F.L. is a good joker, but it takes cold water to keep the ball arolling.

137

Bimmel thinks he would be a good clown.

I don’t see why the football team has decided to give no more reduction at the games since ladies go in free.

The great marble excitement has for­ tunately subsided.

A new invention! ? The latest gasoline lamp out. Self-generator and self-regula­ tor. Gasoline generated by saltwater and sal “comic”. Coop 5. Near P. 0.

Teacher—(Class reading Laodamia): We have come to where he returns from purgatory.

Joker Willie: How did he return ?

John thinks we’re on the right road to imperialism since he has been stopped from playing football.

Rich—That’s the first mistake I made in spelling this 3'ear. He got 102.

Since when is room 21 an absolute monarchy?

I don’t see how people find pleasure in loving one person and grudging another.

Younger scholar to senior: Say, do ghosts appear after midnight?

Senior: Why do you ask that?

Oh, because I saw something like a ghost Wednesday morning and I’m not sure if it was one or not because it was dark.

A: Why are you going to bed?

B: Because the bed won’t come to me.

Prof.: What causes the heat to spread all over the room?

Student: Because the cold goes to­ wards the stove.

Hank claims that he discovered the fact that a football cannot be kicked in­ to space.

Besides carrying a full line of goods and wieners and the like, I wish to an­ nounce that I am now able to furnish haircuts and shaves at the extreme low price of one cigar. Rush in with orders, for as soon as one whole box is collected the price may be advanced considerably.

Hooksie.

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Library Recessions.

U. S. Geological Survey. Charles D. Wolcott, Director: Geology of Old Hampshire County, Massachusetts comprising Franklin, Hampshire and Honevdew Counties by Benj. Kendall Emerson.

Wash. G. P. 0.1898. 23 x 30 cm. xix, 790 pp. 25 plates. 314, 2 v 29.

Lucy, Henry W. A Diary of the Home Rule Parliament 1892-1895, with a Frontispiece. Cassel and Co., Limited, London. 1S96. 12V2x20 cm. viii, 488 ■do 66 51 U. S. Fish Commission. Proceedings and Papers of the National Fishing Congress, held at Tampa, Florida, January 9-24,1898. Wash.G.P.0.1898. 19x28 cm. 145-371,1 v. 323. 3.

U. S. Geological Survey. Charles D. Wolcott, Director. Volume xxxi. Geologyof Aspen Mining District, Colorado, with atlas by Josiah Edward Spur. Samuel Franklin Emerson, Geologist in charge. Wash. G. P. 0. 1898. 2236x30 cm. xxxv, 290 pp, 43 pi. (and atlas of 30 sheets folio) 314. 2 v31.

Fresenius, Dr. C. Remiguis. Anleitung zur Qualitativen Chemischen Anatyse fur Anfanger und Geiibtere. Mit einemVorwortvon Justus von Liebig. Sechzehnte Auflage. Mit 48 Holzstichen und einer farbigen Tafel. Braunschweig, Yicweg u. Sohn. 1885. 1436x23 cm. xxm, 637. 261.11.

Motley. John Lothrop. The Rise of the Dutch Republic. A History, with 12 full-page illustrations. Complete in two volumes. New York. A. L. Burt, publisher. S. A. 1336x21 cm. 1 x, 763: 782. 64. 3 v 1, 2.

Follett, [Miss] M. P. The Speaker of the House of Representatives. With an introduction by Albert Bushnell Hart, Ph. D. New York. Longmans, Green & £o. 1896. 12x19 cm, xxyi, 378. 69. 46.

Wallace, Lew. The Fair God or The Last of the ’Tzisis. A tale of the conquest of Mexico. [Quotation from Draper.]

Eighty-nintli thousand. Boston. Hougliton, Mifflin & Co. 1890. 1236x20 cm. vm, 586. 172.440.1.

Ruskin, John. The True and the Beau­ tiful in Nature, Art, Morals, and Religion. Selected from the works of J. R. with a notice of the author by Mrs. L. C. Tuthill. New York. John Wiley & Son. 18S9. 1236x20cm. xxxi,452. 111. 330.

Scott, Leader. Sculpture, Renaissance and Modern. Loudon. Sampson Low, Mosston, Searle, and Remington. 1891.

14x191/2 cm' XY’ 286' 106' 23' Hcintze, Albert. Die Deutschen Famil>en: Namen geschichtlich, geograpiscli, sprechlich. Halle Weisenhaus. 1882.

16x2314 cm. viii, 227. 126. 2.

Hueppe, Ferdinand. Handbucli dcr Hygiene. Mit. 110 Abildungen. Berlin, August Hirschwald. 16x1414 cm. xn, 664. 252. 3.

Smithonian Institution, Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the.

Showing the Operations, Expenditures, and Condition of the Institution to July, • 1897. Wash. G. P. 0. 1S9S. 14x2336 cm. xvra, 686. 320 : 1 v 45.

Wisconsin, State of. The Blue Book.

1899. Compiled and published under the direction of Win. H. Froelich, Secretary of State. 1899. 1436x2236 cm. yi, 840. 343:30.

Thorp, Frank Hall. Outlines of Industrial Chemistry. A Text Book for Students. New York. Macmillan Co. 1898. 1436x2336 cm. xyii, 541 pp. 261: 10.

Kothrausch, Dr. F. Leitfaden der praktischen Physik. Miteinem Anhange.

Das absolute Mass-System. Mit in den Text gedruckten Figuren. Achte vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1896. 1436x23 «m, xxiv, 492, 269 :12.

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Dictionary of National Biography.

Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. lix. Wakeman-Watkind. New. York. Macmillan & Co, London. Smith, Elder & Co. 1899. 1514x24cm. vi, 459. 42:lv59.

||i|gBBBgBBBElBflHiEiBEBBflBBBBBBHBBBfi» § "“THERE ' ARE OTHERS”, g g g g

Tariff Acts passed by the Congress of in the United States from 1789 to 1897, a including all Acts, Resolutions and Proc- a lamations Modifying or Changing those a Acts. Compiled etc. by Robert G. Porter, a Wash. G. P. 0. 1898. 19x2914 cm. 689 n pp. 300. 2. nn

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Lcland, Charles G. Pidgin-English Sing-Song or Songs and Stories in the China-English Dialect. With a vocabulary. London. Triibner & Ch., 1876.

1114x1714 cm. vin, 138. 117.1:1.

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Smithsonian Institution. Annual report of the Board of Regents. Showing the operations, expenditures and condi­ tion of the Institution to July, 1896*.

Wash.G.P.0.1898. 14x23%cm. 1; 727.

320: 1 v44.

Smithsonian Institution. Report of the U. S. National Museum. Ibid 1898.

14x2314 cm. xyiv, 1107. 320:2 v 16.

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Photographic Novelties at 15 cts. per dozen to Cabinets at $1.50 go to PAUL KNICK, 305 Main St.,

FOOTBALL. 3

Wayland Academy vs. Northwest­ ern, Saturday, November 24.

Oshkosh Normals vs. Northwest­ ern, Thanksgiving Day.

Watertown. Wie.

OTTO H. NOWACK

AL Fredrich's

llWIWIWIIllMIMIMiaanctWIMH.IMlWIMIlllo'IW ------------------------------- WILLIAM KOIILS

NOWACK & KOHLS

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:UNDERTAKERS:

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V Jesse Stone, V.-Pres, E. .T. Brandt, 2d V.-Prcs.

Bank of Watertown,

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WATERTOWN, WI8

C.IO MAIN STREET

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FURNITURE | and COFFINS |

MIGHT CALLS promptly attended to by ■■ -^=-Qtto ii. Nownck, l door south of St. Marcus Church, or'William Kohls, 433 Collude Avo: ::::::::

Wm. BucuhEiT, Pres’t.

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200 First St.

Incorporated May let 1S5I.

Opp. Commercial Hotel.

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$75,000.00

Capital and Surplus,

Brand’s

WATERTOWN, WIS.

Stoves and Ranges i

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are guaranteed to give perfect satisfac­ tion ; hundreds are in use in this vicinity and this sale is in the increase.

Sold By

Wm. E. PrilizW l Do. \ : !

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Donner Block, West Side.

Watertown, Wis.

WATERTOWN, WIS. S$SSg88SSSSgS8S3£SSSSSSS3SSgSS o%

E. C. HEYN,

| BAKERY ©S CONFECTIONERY.

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Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Stoneware, Flower Pots, Etc.

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Dealer in Minnesota Flour.

217 N. Second Street,

Watertown, Wis.

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Snlal6ln§ and Wtaming done.

--- — ISJ?" Developing and Finishing for amatures neatly executed.

n nen you want

Fashionable Tailori&f at Popular Prices.

Ready-made Clothing and Overcoats that are properly tailored and sold as low as reliable goods can be sold.

Hats and Caps

“The Bridge”

of the latest style, or a choice variety of

Gents Furnishing Goods

---- AND----

Bath Rooms,

then call on

Center of Main Street Bridge.

JOHN C. SAEGER, Proprietor.

Five Baths for $1.00.

f\. Quei^tmeyer,

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117 Main Street, Watertown. :\

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Merchant 1 Oc Cigar —and —

Arc 5c Cigar LEADS THEM ALL. 105 West Main Street.

&hak Jl. §amm, .

DRUGGIST AND CHEMIST. 108 Main .Street, next door to Post Office.'

Headquarters for..

Pure Drugs, Chemicals, and Patent Medicines, Cigars, :

Toilet Articles, Perfumes in large varieties. . jnaff*' PIhyfIc,a4*' rrescriptious carefully prepare at rea.s•*Se. 1 so1.! ’*• your ,*r

offet you as nice a line ofgoods as you ever laid your eyes upon in our Fall and Winter selection of

Dry Goods, Groceries, Clothing.

Carpets, Hats and Caps, Furnishing Goods, Notions &c., all stylish, all good, all useful, all low prices.

Come and look at our New Goods. They will verify our statements.

J. Mg it (£o

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302-304 Main Street, Watertown, Wis.

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holiday HecKwear

The nobbiest and neatest line of Hats and Neckwear in the city can be found at our store: :::::::

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All pure Linen 4pty Collars at 15c or two for 25c::::::

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Also the late and staple styles at 10c or three for 25c : : :

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We have the choicest pick of the market. Plain and fancy Cheviots,Cashmeres Blue Serges in all. shades.

Fancy Worsteds in every pattern,—figures, checks, stripes, diagonals. Our line of Suits and Top Coats cannot be beaten : : : : :

Taney Silk Suspenders

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Scbiffler & ftiegemann

Dertel & Hoffmann,

217 Main Street, Corner Third.

107 Main Street.

IISCHLUETER BROS’.

HOLIDAY

merchant 10c Cigar Jlrc5c Cigar ***

BOOKS

-----AND —

Lead them all.

105 West Main St., Watertown, Wis.

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We try to give Satisfaction.

402 Main St., WATERTOWN, WIS.

Our assortment of Holi­ day Books is more com­ plete than ever. All kinds of Children’s Fancy Col­ ored Books from lc up.

Some excellent values at 15c, 20c and 25c. A big line of Cloth Bound Books §: for children and adults at % 10c up. A lot of 4 and 5 Book Sets, per set 9Sc.

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At the Cash Grocer,

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E. .1. Brandt, 2d V.-Prcs.

Bank of Watertown,

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200 First St. Opp. Commercial Hotel.

,$75,000.00

Capital and Surplus.

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BRANDTS

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Wholesale and Retail Dealor In

Stoves and Ranges are guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction; hundreds are in use in this vicinity and the sale is on the increase.

Sold By

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CROCKERY, GLASS- & WARE, LAMPS, h BAR GOODS, «$* p Stoneware, Flower Pots, Etc* Corner of Main and 4th Streets, WATERTOiVN, WIS.

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Watertown, Wisconsin, December, 1900.

Volume IV.

Number 7.

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Board of Editors.

Edw. H. Buerger, ’01, Editor-in-Chicf.

II. A. Frank, ’01,

Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

H. W. Luebcke, ’01,

Salomon A. Jedele, ’02,

Theo. H. Schroedel, ’02,

Edmund Bliefernicht, ’03.

Tlie XSlnclt and Red Is published monthly during the school year by the students of the Northwestern Uni­ versity. Subscription prlco, 60 cents por annum in advance. Advertising rates furnished on application.

4

All literary matter should be directed to the Kdltor-in-Chlef, business letters to the Business Manager. Subscribers will please glvo notico of change of address, and when falling to receive the Black and Red regularly, notify us at once.

Printed by D. Blumenfeld & Son. Entered at the Post Office of Watertown, Wls„ as second-class matter.

editorial.

THANKSGIVING day is passed and with it the football season has come to an end. Winter has set in, snow covers the ground and ice sports have taken the place of football. It all indicates that the year is coming to a close. The student is already thinking ofthe happy Christmas vacations which he is soon to enjoy, and surely four months of hard study entitle him to a few weeks of recreation. While he sits behind his books, his thoughts are carried away, he imagines how he boards the train, how every minute brings him nearer to his home, how he arrives and is joyously welcomed by parents, brothers, and sisters. Every day will have something new in store for him and he only regrets that he must

so soon leave again and return to his duty. The peculiar charm in Christmas that can be found in no other festival makes the few days so much more enjoyable,

T&E past football season at Northwestern was characterized by such a true spirit among the students that it will stand out preeminently above all in previous years. Never before have the students as a body manifested greater loyalty to the team. At all times there was a generous response to a call for financial aid. A second team was needed to give the regulars practice and a goodly number of students reported to

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sacrifice time for this end. From the student body there came shouts of praise in victory and words of consolation in defeat. Such spirit went far to encourage the team and undoubtedly it was a powerful factor in giving each player that self-confidence which nothing can foster quite so well as a loyal spirit on the part of constituents. The everlasting grumbler was seldom given an opportunity to give vent to his dissatisfaction. In most instances his discontent was stifled and suppressed by an overwhelming enthusiasm that did not fail to make itself felt on every hand. Viewing affairs from this standpoint, the season of 1900 leaves a gratifying impressiou on all. The spirit shown in the past season may well he the pride of Northwestern. We hope that it will not be restricted to the season of 1900 alone; on the contrary, may it become an established precedent for the next and all following seasons.

JJECFMBER is fast coming to a close and with it not only the year nineteen hundred but also the nineteenth century will become a tiling of the past, if it has not been so these twelve months, History turns over a new leaf to record the deeds of man in the next century, and leaves us musing on the past. It is surprising to see what hopes have met with disappointment, what joyrs have been suppressed by sorrow and pain.

Man as usual has during the last century plodded on under his burden of care. But we ask has he in these five score years done nothing to free himself of his load; has no progress been made?

Yes, indeed, in things material the last century triumphs over all others, never have such brilliant victories been achieved over matter. A hundred years ago railroads, steamships, the telegraph

and the telephone were unknown. In­ stead of having gas and electric lights turning night into day, our forefathers were obliged to content themselves with a plain wax light. But the development ot sciences wrought a remarkable change; man to-day commands a knowledge which enables him to bring all forces of nature under his control. This is progress, indeed, but how docs man appear in a moral light? Looking at the century from a Christian point of view, things bear an entirely different aspect, It is justly doubted whether all education has tended to bring man any nearer to the ideal we behold in the Man of Nazareth. The tale is sad but true that the development of sciences has given rise to theories diametrically opposed to Christian doctrines. Though often resting on weak foundations, these theories have become powerful weapons in the hands of atheists, and Christianity has suffered great losses by them in the struggle for supremacy. Such teachings as Darwinism, though gradually falling into disrepute, have left their markon man and his actions; consequently we hear of such principles as the “Survival of the Fittest”, a doctrine openly acted upon by statesmen as a justification for the butchery of weaker nations. If this be called progress, let us pray7 that it may7 be checked,

gURPRISING it is how rapidly7 the United States has made progress in building up a navy7. A few years ago it hardly had anything that could be called a navy, whilst now it ranks among the first. Just lately7 two more of these mighty floating fortresses were launched and put into service, and still more are being built. Not very long and we shall have the largest and best equipped navy on earth. But not only on the level of

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THE BLACK AND RED. the sea shall we fight our battles, but also below the surface. At Newport John P. Holland has shown that his submarine vessel, which was thought by thousands to be a failure, is not only a thing of possibility but a thing of reality. Our government has bought this invention and has given a contract for six vessels of the same kind. But if submarine navigation is possible why should not aerostation be made practicable sometime? According to Graf Zeppelin’s latest experiment his airship moves about in the air with the facility

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of a bird. It is stated that Graf Zeppelin’s vessel can^remain in the air from five to six weeks. It can be regulated so as to go upward or downward, forward or backward, at any certain speed. Soon we shall have men of war floating over us in the atmosphere, hurling destructive missiles at our houses and cities from above. This would change military tactics at once. Instead of protecting us from the sides, we should have to have some steel armor to cover us from above,

Literary Euflwig m Sloven. !

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JJEETHOVEN, perhaps the greatest of all composers of music, was born in the cit}' of Bonn, Germany, on the 16th of December, 1770. He received his first instruction on the harpsichord from his father, John Beethoven, a tenor singer of some ability, who, wlieu he recognized the wonderful talent of his son Ludwig, was determined to cultivate it as quickly as possible, in order that the boy might early become an aid to the family, His mother, a woman of refined tastes, was the daughter of a family in Breitenstein named Kewarich. As a consequence of his father’s irritability of ternper and of his desire to develop liis son’s talent rapidly, Ludwig was often thrashed and compelled unrelentingly to perform daily the amount of practice which his father allotted him. Some of

his early teachers were the chapel-oboist Pfeiffer, the organist Von der Eden and his successor Neefe, the latter of whom instructed him in piano and theory, When but thirteen years of age Beetthoven was made assistant court organist; his powers of improvisation astonished even'bodv that heard him perform. His first compositions apjjeared in print in 1783; they were three sonatas and some variations. Two years later three piano quartettes were published. In 1787 he was enabled, through the kindness of his patron Count Waldstein, to visit Vienna for the purpose of obtaining instruction from Mozart, and in 1792 he again went there to study with Haydn.

This time his stay was permanent, and besides studying with Haydn he also became the pupil

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of Schenk, Albrechtsberger, and Salieri.

The master’s first appearance before the public as a virtuoso was made in 1795, when he played hisC-major piano concerto at Vienna; he also plaj'ed at Prague, Dresden, and Berlin in 1796. In 1798 his hearing began to leave him, and when a few years later he had be­ come totally deaf, he withdrew almost entirely from society, devoting all his energies to composing, and now began to appear those sublime works which place Beethoven above all other com­ posers. Up to the year 1802 he had composed tlie piano sonatas Op. 2, 7, 10,13 (Pathetique) and the Ops. 4—2S; the sonatas with accompaniment Op. 5, 12,17, 23’and 24; the septette Op. 20, the first symphony Op. 21, the piano quintette Op. 16, the concertos for piano Op. 15, 19, and other pieces. During the second period, which begins with the year 1802, just about the time when his constantly increasing deafness had become total, and ends with 1814, he brought forth seven of the grand sym­ phonies: the second in D-miuor; the eroica, the fourth in B-major, the one in C-minor, the Pastorale; the seventh in A-major and the eighth in F-major.

Besides these, he wrote five quartettes, a number of concertos and sonatas, several trios and the “Fantasia” for piano, orchestra and choir. To this period also belong the oratorio, “Christus am Oelberg”, the first mass in C, Beethoven’s only opera “Fidelio”, the music to Goethe’s “Egraont”, the “Ruins of Athens” and the grand, soul-stirring overtures, Leonora and Coriolan.

During the }rears 1S15—1818 he did not compose so unremittingly. When his brother Carl died in 1815, Beethoven resolved to adopt his son, and the cann­ ing out of this determination involved him in many quarrels with the mother of his nephew. This, combined with

his own ill-health, and the dissolute be­ havior of the boy, whom he loved sincere­ ly, made him still more melancholy than he had been heretofore; he communicat­ ed only with his most intimate friends.

When he again began to work earnestly in 1818, his mighty soul appeared in its grandest and sublimest stage in the music which he composed. To this, the last period, belong the“MissaSolennis”, the ninth symphony in D-minor, the piano sonatas Op.106,109, 110, and 111 and the string quartettes Op. 127, 130, 131, and 185. The D-minor symphony is considered the greatest triumph in the art of music. The string quartette in F-major, written in 1826, was his last work of importance. The following year on the 26th of March the great soul of Ludwig van Beethoven, sorely tried b3r disappointment and sorrow, took its flight. The immediate cause of his death was dropsy, with which he had been troubled for a number of years.

His remains were interred at the Waehringer cemetery in Vienna, where a mag­ nificent obelisk marks his grave, and it is said that twenty thousand people at­ tended his funeral.

Beethoven was of middle height, powerfully built, and had a heavy growth of dark hair, which was general­ ly disordered. His eyes were brilliant and restless, and when he spoke of music the expression of his face became almost fascinating. In spite of his many eccen­ tricities of character he was well liked by nearly all that knew him, and he had many friends among the nobility. His admiration of women, though wild, was of a pure and noble kind; he was never married. The disappointments which he encountered in love left a deep im­ pression on his heart, and in some of his music it seems as though one can al­ most clothe his sad complaint in words.

His genius was universal; in his music

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When we hear his C-minor symphony, our deepest sympathies are enlisted in behalf of a troubled soul battling brave­ ly against a hard fate. In the “Andante” of the sonata Op. 14 No. 2, we find ex­ pressed the meekest resignation, while the passionate D-minor sonata vividly expresses his heartfelt longing after hap­ piness. In the “Allegro Vivace” of the sonata Op. 31 No. 1, there is unre­ strained gayety as well as charming suavity; but when we listen to the sad,

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gently - complaining strains of the “Adagio Cantabile” of the “Pathetique” sonata, the tenderest chords of our na­ tures are struck. The influence wielded

by Beethoven’s music is most ennobling, and not the least part of this noble power may be attributed to the religious sentiment pervading his music. He car­ ries our imaginations away from the commonplace up to a higher sphere of thought, and we always feel, after listening earnestly to a piece of his mu­ sic, that we are elevated a step toward our better natures.

G. S. ’04.

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Rmtiit Eife in Colorado. *

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JJUMAN nature in Colorado presents many ty"pes and varieties. Among her men individuality is strongly marked.

Whether the native born Coloradoan will evince similar traits is yet to be proved. But his peculiarcast of charac­ ter can be easily accounted for. Peculiar conditions attract a peculiar class of people. Wild and remote, it attracted in early days an even more marked ty"pe of men than it does to-day, when the advent of numerous railroads has brought the state within the bounds of advanced civilization.

The pioneers have made a unique place in history.

They were led in their migrations almost wholly^ by' a spirit of adventure. They" were made of that tough kind of metal that steels a person to sever the ties of home and kindred and brave dangers in a new and strange country.

Colorado to-day" is not devoid of ele­ ments of adventure. There still exist within the boundaries of the state vast solitudes of both mountain and plain beset with dangers for the lonely adven­ turer ; bleak and lofty steeps, where the unwary" traveler may be buried by an untimely snowstorm or crushed to death

by a sudden avalanche. There are large forests and deep canons where the way­ farer may be attacked by bands of out­ laws or hungry packs of wild animals.

But though the population of this state has been greatly built up by the influence of popular excitement, there are yet many other reasons why people should seek this place of abode. The magic loadstone that has probably at­ tracted the larger crowd is the glitter­ ing promise of mineral wealth, The golden promise has been so potent that it has erected on a pedestal underlaid with broken hopes, broken bodies, and broken fortunes the proud monument of mineral supremacy" in the nation.

Another hope Colorado holds out to the world is the healing of the sick by the influence of her climate, and she is peopled to-day" by thousands who are undergoing self-imposed exile in search of health and strength. These conditions with others have imposed on her social system what might be called a bachelor or hermit life. Oftentimes the husband and father leaves his family in the East and delves alone and single handed in the mines or on his claim. Thousands

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of young men bid farewell to their sweet­ hearts and come here to carve their for­ tunes. You will fiud their bachelor quarters on the farm, the sheep ranch, the cattle ranch, and the mining camp.

A person can easily see why this coun­ try should be a favorite resort for those who seek solitude for solitude’s sake.

Here yet remain thousands of retreats where the face of man is seldom seen, mountains, fortresses and treeless plains.

These make congenial abiding places for those who are stricken in spirit and look with aversion on their fellow men. It is no wonder that this class of individuals should turn their faces towards this country where they find the widest plains, the highest mountains, the pur­ est air, and the brightest sunshine. Here they can wend their way from place to place, as if the whole world were theirs. A horse or a donkey or a dog

may be their sole companion, and upon the back of one of these animals the sum of their earthly possessions may be packed in one bundle. A pair of blankets and a square of canvas suffice for a bed and roof. The abundant game mainly supplies them with food. They halt and rest wherever hunger, fatigue or night overtakes them.

But you must not deceive yourself with the idea that hermits are savages.

Nearly all of them have some kind of occupation. One may be on a hunt for a gold or a silver or a copper mine, others herd sheep while another is per­ haps doing nothing more than holding down a government claim, whereof the chief products are jack-rabbits and cactusbeds. There are many other occu­ pations that supply food and raiment and the poorman’s boon of pipe and to­ bacco.

Utisere Scfiule.

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Es war mir immer eine Freude, wenn bis jetzt nur den Anfanggemachtliaben, ich dem Actus unserer Anstalt in Water? und dass uns die weit grossere und betown beiwohnen konnte, nie aber in deutendere Arbeit nock bevorsteht. Es hoherem Grade als in diesem Jahre. muss sich ein jeder Lutheraner die ThatSandte doch die Anstalt eine prachtige sache klar machen, dass bis jetzt nur das Abiturientenclasse in die Welt hinaus, Allernotwendigste gescliehen ist, und die groesste, die jemals dimitiert wurde. dass wir bei diesem Allernotwendigsten Aus einem kleinen, unsickeren Anfang nicht stehen bleiben duerfen. Es wird ist eine Schule emporgewaclisen,die einem dieses klar werden, wenn wir einen Augjeden Freund des amerikanischen, speci- enblick die Vergangenheit vor uns nehell wisconsin’schen Luthertums an men bis auf den jetzigen Augenblick, und das Herz wachsen muss. dann auch versuchen, einen Blick in die Wer jedoch mit Liebe ftir die Anstalt Zukunft zu werfen. und fur unsere Schule und Schulerziehung Ich mochte an diesem Platz die Beim grossen und ganzen hn Herzen von merkung einsehalten, dass meiner Andem Wunsch beseelt ist, dass dieser Au- siclit nach die Stellung unserer lutlierfang sich kraftig entwickeln radge, der ischen Schule in America uberall so ziemmuss es sich auch klar machen, dass wir lich dieselbe ist, wenn auch vielleicht aus

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Wir wissen alle, dass die grosse Einwanderung deutscher Lutherancr, die das alte Land, sei es aus religiosen oder aus rein tnateriellen Griinden, verliessen, sich zu einem sclir grossen Teile nach Wisconsin wandte. Wir wissen auch, dass aus dem zersplitterten Hauflein Haufen wurden, dass aus denselben Gemeinden htrauswuchsen, dass die Gemeinden immer grosser und zahlreicher wurden, dass Missionsplatze in unserem Staat entstanden,die sich nach und nach wiederzu selbstandigen Gemeinden entwickelten, und dass es folglieh Sache der unumganglichen Notwendigkeit wurde, Seelsorger in immer grosserer Zahl fur uns zu gewinnen. So entstand denn unser thcologisches Seminar und un­ sere Anstalt in Watertown als Vorschule fur dasselbe. Die Notwendigkeit einer lutherisehen Schule, oder richtiger, eines luthcrischen Schulsystems von unten bis oben, obwohl immer existirend, drang sich nicht so stark in den Vordergrund, und zw^ar wohl hauptsachlich weil die Schuler erst heranwachsen mussten, weil ein chronischer Mangel an nervus rerum herrschte und weil eben die Verso rgung mit Predigern augenblicklich notwendiger war und hier erst geholfen werden musste. Als dann nach und nach die Gemeindeschulen entstanden und heranwuchsen, da muss ten ja meistens auch die Prediger zu ihren anderen Pflichten auch die Schularbeit ubernehmen und miissen dieselbe an

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vielen Platzen noch besorgen, und erst nach und nach hat sich unser tiichtiger und gewissenhafter Lehrerstand entwickelt. Undjetzt, nachdem wir auch Lehrerseminare und die Anstalt als Vor­ schule fur diese haben, sind wir also gewissermassen in “geordnete Umstande” liineingewachsen, wenn es auch leider noch sowohl an Menschenmaterial wie an Geld hapert. So weit, so gut. Die Kinderkrankheiten, die eine jede Institu­ tion dureh machen muss, waren jetzt hoffentlich gliicklicb iiberstanden.

Warum denn jetzt nicht wenigstens vorlaufig zufrieden sein, mag hier wohl mancher fragen. Ich antworte hierauf zweicrlei, erstens: Man soli nie zufrieden sein, speciell nicht mit der eigenen Arbeit im Weinberge Gottes. Denn diese Ar­ beit kann nie gut genug ausgefiihrt werden, und hier gilt es mehrals je, dass Stillstand Riickgang bedeutet.

Und zweitens: Das Material mit dem wir in Zukunft arbeiten miissen, ist ein ganz anderes als das der Vergangenheit. Und hier komme ich auf den eigentlichen Zweck dieser Zeilen, namlich die Frage der Zukunft unserer Schule, indem ich als vorausgesetzt nur noch dieses festschlage, dass wir Lutheraner unsere Kinder gerade so gut erzogen wiinschen, wie Andersglaubige; dass wir also unsera Kindern in dieser Hinsicht das Bestmoglichste zu verschaffen wiinschen; dass wir aber auf der anderen Seite eine christliche Erziehung unbedingt verlangen, und dass unsere Schule und unsere Kirche unzertrennbar verbleiben miissen. Hat doch Luther selbst gesagt, dass die Schule fur die Kirche absolut notwendig ist.

Wahrend also unsere Gemeinden im Anfaug ausscliliesslich und spater teilweise aus Eingewanderten bestanden, die ihre christliche Erziehung schon vo'r der Einwanderung erhielten, so werden in Zukunft dieselben Gemeinden und

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auch die sicb neu bildenden zum gross ten Teil und spater w.olil beinahe ausschliesslich aus liiergeborenen Americanern bestelien. Und gerade diese fur uiis zu erhaltcn, ist die grosse Aufgabe der Zukunft. Es liegt nicht in unserer deutsch-lutherisclicn Natur, aggressiv zu sein. Das Proselytenmachen war nic uuscre Sache. Es liegt vielmehr in unserer .deutsch-menschlichen Natur, selir passiv. zu sein und uns von anderen gutes Material wegnehmcn zu lassen, ohne viel Aufhebens dariiber zumachcn. Und wenn das Ungllick erst. geschehen ist, dann hil ft Berserkerturn oder furor Tentonicus niehts. Sole he Mittel mpgen manchmal sehr zweck'massig seiu, um verlorcne Landesgrenzen wieder zu crobern, nicht aber um verlorene Seelen zuruckzugewinnen. Hier gilt es also, sich darauf einzurichten,dass keine oder .so wenig als nioglich verloren geheu.

Wir musseu uns riisten nicht zum An. griff sondern zur Yerteidigung. Si vis . pacem, para bellum; oder wic cin alter . General dieSache eimnalanders ausdriickte: ,,Wenn du Prieden liaben willst, dann musst du ein Heer haben, gut gelohnt, gut dekoriert, gut uniformiert und gut ; diseipliniert. Mu tat is mutandis passt das auch auf uns.

Wenn wir es erlauben, dass unsere Ju. gend ausschliesslieh oiler doch zum grossten Teil in den stnatlichen Anstalten, die ja selbstredend voilstandig religionslos sein miissen, oder sogar in Schulen anderer Denominationen ihre Ausbildung und besonders .die hohere erhalten, so kann es uns nicht wundern.,. wenn dieselbe gegen das Luthertum nach und nach agbestumpft wird oder sich sogar davon abwendet. Der dieselbe umgebende Einfluss lasst sich iiberhaupt gar.picht berechnen. Von dem soeialen Ein•fluss. der Logen auf die nach Gesellschaft ..verjangende. junge Mensehennatur ist •garnichtzureden. \Yennfernerdieluther-

ischejugend die Vorteile sielit, die ihr durch Besuch anderer Erziehungsanstalten geboten werden, dann liegt cs all zu nahc, dass diejenigen, die sich dem geistlichen oder deni Lehrerstand nicht zuwenden wollen, oder die keinen Beruf dafur in sich ftihlcn, dann ihre Ausbildung und ganz besonders die liohere nicht in unseren Schulen suchcu werden. Und dieses ist ganz natiirlich.

Wenn unsere jungcn Leute in unseren Anstalten bleibeti, so leislen sie dieselbe Arbeit, die in anderen Erziehungsanstalten geleistct wil'd; oft sogar melir als dort vcrlangt wird. Wir diirfen dieses ohne Prahlen bchaupten, da unsere deutsche Griindlichkeit ja allgemein anerkanntist. Wenn trotz der gelcisteten Arbeit und trotz der dadurcli erlangten Reife cs dennoch fur unsere Jugend cine condition siae qua non bleibt, dass sie sonstwo die Arbeit noch einmal durchmachen muss, um ihre “standing” der Oeffentlichkeit gegeniiber zu erlangen, dann liegen die Folgen hiervon auf der Hand.

Der hier uiiterliegende Gedankekonnte selbstredend weiter undimmer weiterentwickelt werden, wofurhier jedoch wedcr Raum noch Gelegenheit ist. Aber liir diejenigen, die mit dem Vorstehenden einvers tan den sind,entstelitlogischerWeise die ^ra§e: Wie kann hier geholfen werdcn? Die naheliegende Antwort scheint . etw‘7 folgende zu sein. Es muss die lutherische Schule von unten bisoben, von der Fibel bis 2ur vollen wissenschaftlichcn Fild^ng eingerichtet und derjuScnf! dargeboten werden; und diese ^hule muss selbstredend in jeder Beziehung praestanda praestieren konnen.

Es muss den lutherischen Eltern und deren Kindern ldar gemacht werden, dass diese Schulen diejenigen seien, in deVOn un^ ^Wlbischte und fur die turns hier zu Lande so sehr notwendige Erziehung gegeben wird.

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Es muss endlich so weit als moglich daflir gesorgt werden, dass die so ausgebildeten dieselben Vorteile geniessen konnen, die den Abiturientcn der staat.lichen Erziehungsanstalten und anderer Colleges und Universitaten geboten werden.

Wie aber dieseserreichen? Ja, wir sind auf tins selbst angewiesen. Eine viiterliche fur uns sorgcnde Regierung haben wir nicht und wiinschen wir auch nicht.

Wir und wir allein niiissen die Arbeit besorgen. Und da sage niemand, dass dieses nicht seine Sache sei. Und auf der andcren Seite sage niemand, dass dieses sein Monopol sei. Es ist eben eines jeden Sache, der mit uns ist. Soli die Arbeit

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gethan werdeti, dann muss bald angefangen werden ohne Fahnenflucht aber auch ohne Competenz-coiiflicte. Reich und arm, Laie und Geistlicher, Gelehrte und ungelehrte miissen hier zusammen arbeiten.

Aus unserer lieben deutschen Bescheidenheit, alias Phlegma, miissen wir uris aber heraus arbeiten. Wir verlangen durchaus nichts Unrechtes; wir wiinschen nur, was uns in diesem Lande so wie so zukommt. Und was die Arbeit an sich betrifft, ja, dakann ichnurdaran erinnern, dass „Lust und Liebc zum Dingc Macht Muehc und Arbeit geringe.”

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Die Uereinigten $mm als Uleltmadrt.

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ER in einem landerumschlossenen und waffenumstarrten Lande beneidet uns Amerikaner nicht vor alien Dingen darum, dass unser grosses, reiches und einiges Land im Westen wie im Osten von dem offenen Meerebespiilt wird, und dass alle National, welche mit uns in Streit geraten konnten, Tausende von Meilen von uns entfernt sind! In dieser Beziehung konnte man unser Land ein vergrossertes Albion nen nen. Wie ein Hiirnen Siegfried, der sich im Drachenblute gebadet hat, stelit es da unter den Staaten der Erde unverwundbar, oder dock nur verwundbar an irgend einer Lindenblattstelle,diegenauvon dem Gegner bezeichnet und erspaht werden muss.

Dass die Union schonseit langem Weltmaclitbestrebuugen, die denjenigen von Altrom verwandt sind, zielbewusst verfolgte, war denjenigen, welche sich mitder Weltpolitik beschaftigten, langst bekannt. Allgemein bekannt aber wurde es erst in den letzen Jahren, als die Ver-

einigten Staaten sicli nicht nur Kubas und Porto Ricos bemachtigten, sondern auch auf Ilawai und auf den Pliilippinen festcn Fuss fassten. Durcli diese Ereignisj*e warden nicht nur die Staats- • manner frcmder Lander sehr iiberrascht, sondern auch die Amerikaner selbst; besonders wurde auch President McKinley selbst in Erstaunen gesetzt, als er sich durch den einzigen Kampf bei Santiago im Besitzevon ganz Kuba und Porto Rico sah und nicht lange hemacli auch im Besitze der .Philippinen. Das ganze spanische Kolonialreich stiirzte damals zusanitnen. Wie lange wird es noch dauern,bis Spanian gar nicht mehr zu den selbststandigen Reichen der Erde gerechnet wird? ; Der kricgerische Erfolg bei Santiago war aber die Folge einer sehr langen Arbeit sei tens dcr Amerikaner. Die Untenninierung der spanischen Herrschaft auf Kuba wurde schon ein halbes Jahrhundert hindurch von der Union aufs

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eifrigste betrieben. Dies war besonders sicbtbar in dem zehnjahrigen kubanischen Biirgerkrieg von 1868 bis 1878 undinder letzten kubanischen Erhebung von 1895 bis 1898. Die spanische Herrshaft aber so zu stiirzen, hat der Union viele Anstrengungen gekostet, obwohl dieseeinem nicht sehrin die Aug nfallen.

Noch viel grosserer Anstrengungen aber bedurfte es, sich gegeniiber den Tagalen auf den Philippinen zu behauptcn, und alter Wahrsheinlichkeit nach wird es auf eine langeZukunft hinausnoch vieler Maehtmittcl bedurfen, um die gewonncnen Positional in Ostasien ebenso wie in Westindien zu befestigen. Schon in den Bevolkerungsverhaltnissen der Philippinen, Porto Rico und Kubas liegen sehr viele Schwierigkeiten fiir die Weltmachtbestrebungen der Union.

Es lasst sich aber fast mit Siclierhcit behauptcn, dass die Union nicht bei dem bleibt, was sie bis jetzterreicht hat, sondern sie wird noch weiter auf der einmal betretenen Balm vorwarts gehen. Wie viel Kraft aber in der Zukunft noch von der Union aufgeboten werden muss, wenn sie in ihren Welt machtbestrebungen erfolgreich sein will, kann man nicht feststellen. Bis jetzt ist ihr noch keine andere Mncht in den Weg getreten. Unter Umstanden konnte es aber recht wohl vorkommen, dass der Union bei ihren Weltmaehtbestrebungen dermaleinst ein Gegner oder ein Biindniss von Gegnern entgegentreten wurde, dem sie eine andere Kraft entgegenstellen miisste als sie bisher aufgeboten hat. Die Macht, die am ehesten mit den Vereinigten Staaten in Streit geraten konnte, ist wohl England. Dies zeigt sich aber zur gegeniiber den Amerikanern iiberaus freundlich. Das Quos ego, welches der Prasident Cleveland in der Venezuelaangelegenheit den Englandern zurief, ist sorgsam von ihnen Beriicksichtigt worden. Aber die Forderungen der ameri-

kanischen Expansions ten konnten auch ihm eines Tages zu vielsein. Auchkonnten die kleinen mittelamerikanischen Republiken im Biindnisse mit Mexiko und Kolumbia den Weltmachtbestrebungen der Union am Nikaraguakanale grosse Schwierigkciten bereitcn.

Als ein sehr wichtiger Faktor in der Politik der Vcreinigten Staaten zeigt sich die Monroe-Doktrin. Diese kann man in das kurze Wort zusammenfassen: Amerika fiir die Amerikancr. Als sie im Jahre 1823 von dem Prasidenten James Monroe ausgesprochen wurde, zahltc die Union erstgegen zehn Millionen Einwolincr, und sie umfasste damals weder Texas, noch die Felsengebirgsgegend, noch die Gestadelander des Stillen Ozeans. Seitdem aber hat die MonroeDoktrin eine weitere Ausgestaltung erlitten, und, wie sie der amerikanisclie Staatssekretar Olney demLord Salisbury vor einigen Jaliren erklarte, lautet sie: Wir sind die thatsachlichen Herrendieser Hemisphere, und unser Machtwort ist Gesetz.

Doch geht die Weltpolitik der Vereinigten Staaten noch weit liber das Monroe-Programm auch in seiner neuen Gestalthinaus. Sie behauptet auch eine allgemeine Yormachtstellung auf dem Stillen Ozeane. Schon im Jahre 1853 sandte Prasident Fillmore den Admiral Perry nach Japan, um gebieterisch an die Thoren des verschlossencn Reiches zu klopfen und sie dem amerikanischen Handel aufimmer zu oftnen. Die Monroe-Doktrin bewahrt heutzutage ihre stille Zauberkraft auf 6000 oder 7000 Seemeilen fern von Washington, Dass eine sehr giinstige Vorbedingung in der reiehen Ausstattung des Unionsgebietes fiir die Weltmaehtbestrebungen der Vereinigten Staaten gegeben ist, lasst sich nicht leugnen. Wenn es wahr ist.dass der ErdeGebieter sich dortfinden, â&#x20AC;&#x17E;wo das Eisen wachst in der Berge

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Schacht," dann sollte man sie wohl in der Union finden. Im Jahre 1898 lieferte sie nahezu zwolf Millionen Tonnen von Eisen. Im Lattfe der neunziger Jahre ist selbst das eisengewaltige England von den Yereinigten Staaten sehr bedeutend uberfliigelt worden. Auch in der Kohlenlorderung muss England scinenbisher behaupteten Vorrang unter den Staaten dcr Erde bald an die Union abtreten.

Im Jahre 1898 war der Unterschied nur noch sieben Millionen Tonnen zuUngunsten der Union. In der Goldforderung aber wird sie auch nach dcr Erschopfung dcr kalifornischen Goldgrubcn auf gleicher Stufe mit Australicn und Trans­ vaal stchen, in der SilbeiTorderung auf gleicher Stufe mit Mcxiko und in der Zinkiorderung auf gleicher Stufe mit Deutschland und Belgien. Hinsichtlich der Kupfer-, Blei- und Quecksilberproduktion ist sie die erste unter den Staa­ ten der Erde, von der Petroleum und Naturgasproduktion ganz abgesehen.

Auch ist das Unionsgebiet mit vielcn starkcn Wasserkraften ausgestattet.

Die Niagarafalle stcllen allein eine Arbeitskraft dar, wclche derjenigen der Kohlenlorderung der ganzen Erdegleichgeschatzt wird.

Hieraus selien wir, dass die Union von Natur ein sehr reielies Land ist. Und weun ein paar Erntejahre mit holien Marktpreisen eintreten, so tragen sie viel zum Nationalreichtum bei. Dies zeigte sich besonders in den letzten drei Jahren, in denen die Farmer vlele von ihren Scliulden tilgen konnten, und in denen die gesamte finanzielle Situation eine uberaus glanzende geworden ist.

Geldmaclit ist aber in gewisser Hinsicht Weltmacht, denn Reichtum hilft Volker stark machen.

Der erste grosse Expansionist der Yer­ einigten Staaten war Thomas Jefferson.

Dieser erwarb das ganze Gebiet westlich vom Mississippi bis hinauf zu den

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Quellen des Missouri von Napoleon I. Florida und Oregon wurdendurchblosse diplomatische Verhandlungen von Spanien und England gewonnen. Spa ter wurde durch die Eroberung von Texas, von der Felsengebirgsgegend und von Kalifornien der Stille Ozean die westliche Grenze des Reiches gemacht. Wer wiirde jetzt besonders nach den leichterrungenen Siegen von Santiago und Cavite glauben, dass das Wachstumder Yerein­ igten Staaten nunmehrein Ende genommen habe?

Doch kann man schwerlich glauben, dass die Union in dem nachsten Jahrhundert so viel an Umlang zunehmen wird wie in dem letzten. Man muss im Auge behalten, dass sie jetzt viel leichter angegriffen werden kann als friiher. Die Philippinen, Hawai, Porto Rico, Kuba und auch der Nicaraguakanal werden immer leichte und bequeme Angriffspunkte fur unsere Gegnersein. Deswegen beeilt sich unsere Regierung auch so sehr. mit dem Baue von Schlachtschiffen, und aller Walirscheinlichkeit nach ward sie auch das steliende Heer noch sehr vergrossern.

Werfcn wir endlich noch einen Blick auf die Bevolkerung der Union und selien, wie sie sich zu diesen gewaltigen Ereignisscn verhalt. Unter diesem Yolke findet man Repnisentanten von beinahe alien andern Nationen dcr Welt. In New' York steigen TagumTagneueAnkomnilinge ans Land. Man mochte fast den Eindruck gewinnen, als handele es sich hier nur um ein loses Volkerkonglomerat, das zu irgend einer Zeit wieder auseinander fallen konne. Aber wie verkehrt ist diese Ansicht! Man verwundert sich uber die Einheitlichkeit, iiber dasEinerlei in Sprache, in Lebesart, in Anschauuitig. und in Gesinnung.

Es kann kaum eine patriotischere Nation geben als die amerikanisclie. Das Sternenbanner und der weisskopfige Adler sind die Losung aller, auch selbst der verachteten-und •

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Wayland 11. Northwestern 16.

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On November 24, Northwestern played and defeated Wayland Academy by a score of 16 toll. Northwestern campus was covered by a thin layer of snow that was transformed into a slippery mass after a few minutes of play. Fast play was made an utter impossibility, still the game was close at times and furnished abundant excitement. The most interesting part of the game was toward the end of the second half. Both teams had eleven points to their credit and each was eager to hold the score at that or win. The spell was broken, how­ ever, when Northwestern reached the 25 yard line. Zimowski dropped back and sent the ball flying, twirling over the goal posts with great precision. The following is a more detailed account of the game.

Wayland won the toss and chose the ball. Pieper kicked off, Wayland return­ ing the ball ten yards before downed.

Almost immediately Wayland was forced to punt und not once throughout the entire first half were the}r able to gain the required distance in three downs.

After our men secured the ball there were several interchanges of punts consider­ ably to the advantage of Northwestern.

In the next few minutes of play North-

western xised the backs in short-end plays with good success and planted the ball close to Wayland’s goal. Zimowski was pushed over the goal line in the next play for Northwestern’s first touchdown.

Zimowski kicked goal. Score 6 to 0.

Wayland kicked off to Zarling, who re­ turned the ball to the center of the field with the aid of excellent interference.

Pieper dropped back for a punt immedi­ ately. By this time the ball had become slippery almost past all handling and Pieper in the attempt of punting kicked the ball into the mass of players. It rolled to the side and was picked up by a Wayland man, who ran with it to the goal without encountering any opposi­ tion. Wayland kicked goal. Northwest­ ern secured another touchdown in this half by resorting especially to tackle plays. Score 11 to 6.

Wayland kicked off in the beginning of the second half. Zarling received the ball and returned it twenty-five }rards before downed. Northwestern lost the ball on a fumble after several effective plays.

Wayland scored a touchdown on a longend run. No goal.

After the next kick-off Wayland made several substantial gains. Northwest­ ern took a brace and held the opponents on downs. The ball was steadily ad­ vanced until the twenty-five yard line was reached. In the next play Zimowski

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made a difficult goal from field making the total score 16 to 11. There were five minutes left to play and when time was up Northwestern had advanced the ball to within twenty yards from goal. The line-up was the following: Northwestern. ........re Frank..... .1 e Schultz.... ........r t Sauer......

Koch....... cib ....... rg Zarling.... ,r h Lcmbcke... jh .......... c Zimowski.

Buchholtz. fb Buerger.... ....... 1 g Pieper.....

Keller...... .11 No line-ui5 given for of Wayland.

Touchuowns: Koch, Zimowski. Goal from field: Zimowski. Referee: Mahnke. Linesman: Dittmann ofNorthwestern. Time of halves: Twenty minutes.

Wayland made a strong protest against the score in this game and actually goes so far as to claim the victory by a score of 12 to 11. The account of the game in the Wayland Chronicle is altogether inadequate and replete with misrepresentations. Our official is accuscd of direct dishonesty on several occasions. Furthermore Wayland contests that our goal from field was made seven minutes after time was up. Both statements arc gross misrepresentations, aye, more than this. There was a prolonged controversy at one stage of the game and undoubtedly Wayland refers to the decision of our official in this instance when accusing him of dishonesty. It would be carrying matters too far into detail to prove that our man was in the right. Let it suffice to say that all quarreling and remonstrating of Wayland men during the game might have been avoided had Wayland brought a compe­ tent official. A man who must be gently reminded repeatedly that the offended and not the offending team must be awarded fifteen yards on an off-side play, that is caught blundering in the very rudiments of the game will certainly be at a great loss when it comes to the intricate points of the game. Ignorance

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and innocence of this type are invariably conducive to great squabbles, Now as to the other charge. We hold that facts form the best policy of vindication. We are accused of having pro­ longed the time by seven minutes, that is, just long enough to score again. Both time-keepers compared the stop-watches continually during the game and never was there found a discrepancy. At the time of the enviable place-kick the watches showed that just fifteen min­ utes and forty-five seconds of the second half had been played. Wayland states that time was called immediately after the place-kick, while everyone knows that the reraaining time of five minutes wag piaycd We are uttcrly at loss to explain just ]10w it is possible for Wayland to advance these charges. There are, however, threepossible sources forsuch. The Wayland time_keeper may be too poor a mathematician to operate a stop-watch, Then he mav be guilty of faise stateracnts. Last]y the who]e Wayiand team, possessed of the idea that they could not lose, may have contorted the facts of the game by some hook or crook that gives them the game. It seems that the last of these three ways was employed in counting the Northwestern-Wayland game one of the boasted “five splendid victories,” two others of which were got ag the one under consideration. We have conle to consider the accusation of Wayland less seriously after seeing by the periodical of our Baptist neighbors that other schools have fared like unto us.

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have managed to stir up enough interest in the societie’s affairs on the part of the members toinsure final success. The first meeting, held December 1st, showed us soriie :of the points in which we were ...... « ^ lacking and also was a very practical demonstration of the insufficiency of our knowledge of Parliamentary Law. The second meeting however, showed great improvement in every way. Mr. Arendt read a very excellent essay on the . “Value of Literature” and Mr. Mahnke favored us with an extract from a.December magazine article. We might remark, by the way, that the latter gentleman’s plan is not half bad. Every­ body can-read the magazines for himself, of course, but Mr. Mahnke’s way of forcing any appropriate matter upon the attention of all is very commendable and should be tried by others. Besides the advantage of involving less work in preparation it greatly favors the ten­ dency toward keeping abreast of the times. ' Our new constitution seems to meet all requirements, and the idea of assign­ ing the work formerly attended to by a standing committee to one person, who is-appointed' for every meeting by the president,'has turned out to be all right.

The “Master of Ceremonies”, as we call the person in question, for want of a more fitting title, does not seem to find it very difficult to find members who are willing to prepare for meetings, and it is certainly a better plan to approach our members with a request than to make preparation a matter of obliga­ tion. ,.The society has decided to buy some books and a committee has been appoint­ ed to make selections. The next regular meeting was held December 15th.

military notes.

The military company now drills in the gymnasium. The hall being at the disposal of the cadets in the evening on­ ly, the hours of regular drill have been arranged accordingly. The first pla­ toon assemblesMondays and Thursdays, the second platoon Tuesdays and Fri­ days. Wednesdays the company drills in a body. A thorough repetition of close order drill according to the United States Drill Regulations will be the gem eral program for the winter. Besides this the cadets are at present being drilled in the setting-up exercises, in or­ der to retain a proper set-up and to keep {he muscles supple. The good effect these exercises have on drill is evident.

The work of the platoon individually is very satisfactory, which especially mani­ fests itself in the uniformity of company drill. Another thing which has caused satisfaction is punctuality.

On the whole interest and ambition is growing.

The prospects are bright, and maintain­ ing the favorable conditions we are en­ joying at present, we shall be able to ap­ pear with an unusually large company of well drilled cadets on the campus next Spring.

Fifth Sergeant Schroedel is at present filling the vacancy caused by the absence of First Sergeant Stock.

In the last regular meeting of the first term Dec. 1, the election ofpresident and vice-president was one of the orders of the day. Edw. H. Buerger and Wm. Mahnke were re-elected for the respective offices.

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Divine services were held at St. Mark’s church Thanksgiving eve. Professor J. Gamm delivered the sermon.

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Dr. F. W. A. Notz attended a meeting of the board at Winona, Minn., Novem­ ber 28th. The object of the meeting was to elect some one to fill the vacancy in the faculty of the M. Luther Seminary at New Ulm. On Thanksgiving eve. Dr. and Mrs. F. W. A. Notz gave a reception to the senior class; all of the members present reported a pleasant time.

Prof. J. Gannn preached at St. Mark’s church Sunday evening, Dec. 2.

Mr John Winter from Ixonia and the Misses Winter and Ilaase from Norfolk, Neb. called at college Wed., December 5th to visit their friends, Harry Lucbcke, • ’01, and Martin Raasch, ’03.

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C. Hellbusch, ’05, left for his home at Oldenbusch, Neb., Dec. 7th, to attend the wedding of his cousin; he will not return’ before the holidays.

Johnny Manz, ’06, visited his' parents at Milwaukee Dec. 8.

Julius Toepel, ’00, from the Theologi­ cal Seminary at Wauwatosa spent Thanksgiving Day at Watertown, visit-; ing friends and relatives.

Aug. Stock, ’01, went home Nov. 29th to be best man at the wedding of his brother. At present he is teaching school for Rev. Franzmann, who has been ill for some time.

Adolph Baebenroth, ’04, spent Thanks­ giving Day with his parents at Milwau­ On Sunday, Nov. 18th, a number of kee. students organized a college choir. Her­ Hermann Frank, ’01, was confined tomann Frank was elected president, Alfred his room for several days during the Sauer, secretary; Salomon Jedele, treas­ last week of November on account of urer; Leo Kirst and R. Pieper, copyists illness. and librarians. As director of the choir Prof. Kuhn gave a reception to a num­ Geo. Spcerbrechcr was chosen; he is a man of experience, and all are confident ber of students November. 30. Among of his ability to make a success of it. those present were: Ed. Buerger, ’01, Wednesda}' afternoon has been set as Theo. Schroedel, ’02, and Alfred Sauer, the time for the regular hour ofrehearsal, ’02. beside this each voice has individual Otto Keller, ’04, went to Milwaukee practice once a week.

December 1st, to have his eyes treated The Juniors have elected the following he returned December 5th. class officers: Pres., Arnold Sehutz; VicePres., Salomon Jedele; Sec. and Treas., Alfred Sauer.

The senior preps and the middle preps played a game of football December 1st, The score resulted in a tie 6 to 6.

On Wedncsda3r, Dec. 6, an interesting game of football was played between the Sophomores and the Freshmen, the for­ mer were defeated by a score of 11 to 5.

Rev. and Mrs. Kohlmeier ofjasper, Minn., visited the latter’s brother, Ernst Lange, ’05, at college before their de­ parture for Indiana where they will make their home hereafter.

Louis Broecker, a former student of this institution, is teaching school at Miss Emma Thom of Marshfield spent Saline, Mich. some weeks at Watertown, visiting her Teacher Hugo Krieg, of Beaver Dam, uncle and aunt. Prof, and* Mrs. William* :s - -•*..* Wis., called on friends at college, Nov. 30. Weimar,

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In a recent meeting of the board Prof.

Jurgensen of St. Paul, Minn., was elect­ ed to fill the vacancy in Northwestern’s faculty.

Miss A£a Koch, of Columbus, called on her brother Hugo at college, Nov. 29.

How about that “silent laugh?”

Prof.—Some people spend most of their time in doing what they don’t want to do.

Joker Willie. — That’s what I think when I’m reading “David Copperfield.”

Ach! meine Wasclifrau hat aber ein feines Madel!

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Vacation!

Hockey!

Parliamentary'law!

Who doesn’t smoke? ?

Kindness of bearer 1 “Lucidus Frutex” 0, my oil-can!

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“Pastor’s” “Sal comic” lamp proved a failure, he wears glasses now.

Praeses and the ice-cream platter.

Lepus alias Struppkopf got his leg pulled the other morning.

What has baby in common with the Chinaman? The rice fever.

In order to kill time Leo counts up all the young ladies he has to greet.

Ask Rich how often a man can fall in love.

Septemtrio reading an extract from Knights History of England: “And they concluded a bargain in whiskey (whisper.)”

Buck thinks “pigritia mater est studiorum.

When did you awake Grietch?

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Beware of leaving combs and brushes on the radiator.

Did he ever blush in the reading room.

Somebody: “When she saw a mouse run she would jiggle for fear.”

A “former friend of ours” had the money to bet against the team ; we wonder who “chipped in.”

To judge from the spoils “Dago’s” raid the other evening was a decided success.

The “hyperbole” play is highly com­ mendable, for it gives the back-stop an excellent chance to make a double pass with centre.

Imagine Eddie in search of his candy.

“Zim” has determined to indulge in more appropriate diction hereafter.

Despite the fact that barbers arc on the strike Kelly managed to get his whiskers clipped.

If you dont believe it, figure it out.

I wish L— had been here, when I made that long end run.

Oh! those small shoes.

The football season is over, but Kelly thinks sore eyes will answer his purpose very well.

Mike: Give me a pipe, tobacco and some matches.

Remember the story about the arc light, and you’ll know why “Shiner” didn’t get an “invite”.

Come one, come all and have your trousers creased in room 17 second floor.

Open every evening.

exchangee.

KHAKIE SPRING

FOR. The Kodak for November is very spicy. Life at the college is portrayed excellently. Few if any of our exchanges bring out this requirement of a college publication as well or in as acceptable a A Cool Serviceable and Economical manner as does the Kodak. There is a Uniform for Spring dearth of literary articles, still the few and Summer. published are of absorbing interest.

Price $5.50.

“Stratford-On-Avon” istheleading liter­ ary production. The home of the im­ mortal Shakespeare is pictured in a WHITE DUCK Trousers should way that brings us into closer associa­ be ordered soon. tion with that greatest of poets. ‘‘Our Send at once for Circular No. 242.

Hawthorns” is very creditably written.

The literary department of the Kodak CINCINNATI, 0., U. S. A. deserves'more attention. Not that any other department ought to be abridged, Z no indeed, but the literary department ||J ^or first-class work in the line of deserves to be awarded due consider- I Photographic Novelties ation.

Sj at 15 cts. per dozen to Cabinets at $1.50 go to PAUL KNICK, "Is Shakespeare Guilty of a Discre­

Cbe pettibone Bros. mig. go.,

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pancy in Macbeth’s Protest against the Witches?” is with ease the leading artide in the Stylus for November. The author answers the question decidedly in the negative and brings forward various striking and plausible arguments to refute the charge of discrepancy made against the great master of the drama.

The article shows careful and exhaustive study of the subject and is creditable in ever}' respect. “Youth the Time for Gaining Knowledge” and “Forming Religious Habits” are both replete with good thought. We would commend them to our readers as also the editorial entitled “S3rstematic Work.”.

Out of 472 colleges in the United States, 370 have an enrollment of less than 150 students.—Ex. The University of California offers courses in Japanese and Chinese lang­ uages.—Ex,

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Volume IV.

Watertown, Wisconsin, January, 1501.

Number 8.

Board of Editors. i

Edw. H. Buerger, ’01, Editor-in-Chief.

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Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

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H. A. Frank, ’01

H. W. Luebcke, ’01,

Salomon A. Jedele, ’02,

Theo. H. Schroedel, ’02,

Edmund Bliefernicht, ’03.

The l&lnc'lc nnd Uetl la published monthly during the .-thool year by the students of the Northwestern Uni­ versity. Subscription price, 60 cents per annum In advance. Advertising rates furnished on application.

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All literary matter should be directed to the Editor-In-Chief, business letters to the Business Manager. Subscribers will please give notice of change of address, nnd when falling to receive the Black and Red regulurly, notify us at once.

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Printed by D. Blumonfcld & Son. Entered at the Post Ofllco of Watertown. WIs., ns second-class matter.

editorial.

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*pHE changes wrought in the last century are truly great and cannot be too much marveled at. Science and invention have so transformed the aspect of the world, that, could our great-greatgrandfathers, who lived a hundred years ago, be put into one of our large cities of to-day, their astonishment and surprise would know no bounds. A characteristic of the achievements of the past century in general and the progress of the United States in particular, is the city of Washington, the capital of our country. Washington has at the end of last year celebrated its centennial. One hundred years have passed since the seat of government has been removed from the old city Philadelphia to its present place. Ever since the Union had been formed, dispute arose where the Capitol should be located. This quarrel

ended with the decision of Congress in 1790 that the governmental seat should stay at Philadelphia for ten years and be then removed to the so-called District of Columbia on the Potomac river, selected b3r President Washington himself. But the growth of the city was far from being a rapid one. When Congress met for the first time in its new abode, the village had but little more than three thousand inhabitants, only about a hundredth of its present size, The few houses that were there were scattered over the whole district, so that if a man wished to see his neighbor, he had to go a mile or two through swamps and forests, though both lived in the 41 Federal City” as Washington had called it. The father of his country would certainly be astounded could he see the city of his

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election in its present condition. The growth of the capital is a true picture of the growth of the United States. Six­ teen states have grown into forty-five.

Five million people then constituted the inhabitants of the whole country and their number is now rapidly approaching a hundred million.

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gINCE the close of the football season a fair number of students have taken a strong hold on literary society work.

In the programs rendered by the society, debate seems to have aroused new in­ terests in its line of oratory. Without searching very exhaustive^ we find some able debaters in our midst. It seems strange then that we should have no organized debating societies. Forensics is to-day exerting in colleges and uni­ versities not a little of the prestige that it exercised in the days when it consti­ tuted a fair portion of the college course.

Joint debates and especially inter-collegi­ ate debates are hailed with as much ex­ pectation and joy well nigh in every quarter of our great land to-day as the culminating football game of theseason.

There is no reason why it should be otherwise. Invaluable are the lessons of debate, preeminently so to the college graduate who may at anytime betaken into a position where a bit of ready oratory and eloquence or alertness of mind will go far to enhance his chances in life. It is gratifying to note that de­ bating .interest at Northwestern is re­ viving. We might easily have two well organized debating clubs. Moreover, we feel encouraged in saying that pro­ longed interest might be sustained both, were they to form a union for joint de­ bating. While we cannot boast as }ret of a great abundance of choice material, (for we know not how many orators we possess) there is still sufficient at hand to insure fair membership for two

clubs. There is lacking, however, a good deal of the spirit that was so transcend­ ency manifest on the campus last fall.

Let us make an effort to be as strong and spirited in debate and oratory as in athletics. Ye of energetic will, come for­ ward and urge this matter upon your fellow students. You are the men of the hour. & i?

J^JUCH comment has recently been given by the press on a practice among college students which has had such fatal results at West Point. The press has been rather severe in its criti­ cism and probably not without reason, for the hazing of to-day is an act of cruelty and has a touch of cowardliness in it. Yet men who have attended col­ lege in former years express themselves not altogether unfavorably towards the pranks and tricks played on the Fresh­ men by older students, these treatments, they say, have a worthy object; namely, to show the student who wishes to put on airs his true position. This would be very well if the treatment had re­ mained harmless, but hazing at some institutions has attained such tremend­ ous proportions that the victims often have to suffer from the effects for life, yes, as a result, cases of death are re­ ported, foremost among which stands the Booz case of West Point. Again dis­ regarding the cruelty hazing ought not to be tolerated; for its sole end is not al­ ways the looked for change in the delin­ quent’s deportment. Some “would be” privileged “sets” among second year’s students find, sad but true to sa}r, a cer­ tain pleasure in making life miserable for younger students. It is by these means they wish to show their superiority, not realizing that they could far more ef­ fectually do this by deporting themselves like gentlemen. The superiority of a “tough” is admitted not even by the

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meanest among us. The late scandals have set the practice before the eyes of the public and it may be hoped that the sentiment of the people will come to bear so strongly on the student bodies, that with the beginning of the twentieth century a new, peaceful era may open for the Freshman.

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which will not be continued beyond the college doors is injury rather than edu­ cation. &

^HE editors are glad to state that the students are at present more willing to contribute to the Back and Red than probably ever before. The contributors & deserve credit for the interest they are taking in our literary work, and we are rpHE increasing luxury and extravaever thankful to them. It, however, gance of American college life are a seems to be the opinion of the student in menace to culture and public welfare. general that prose is the only medium The freshman brings with him habits of through which man can express his financial dependence and irresponsibility.

His every want has been so far supplied. thoughts and feelings. At any rate, all The college must now try to teach him matter that has been thus far handed to manly self dependence and a willingness us has been written in prose. No doubt the greater part of all literary matter to go without that for which he cannot will always be prose, but why is it that pay. Unearned luxury is enervating; it we see no poetry in the columns of our is corrupting to the young student. Selfpaper whatever? We know that writing indulgence is at war with the ideal of of poetry is not an art which may be education. And who is paying for this learned but that this ability is a natural luxury? It is paid for directly by the gift, yet there is no reason for believing parents and indirectly by the faculty'. that the student should not at all vent­ How to obtain pleasures and possessions ure to test his ability in this respect. In which lie cannot pay for is the under­ a large body of students we find men of graduate’s problem. Much of this illvarious characters and dispositions. timed luxury' is indirectly supported by Some, who are probably neither very the faculty. How many hours must an musical nor sentimental, are rather pro­ instructor spend in his class-room tiying saic in their mental life, and they natur­ to explain everything in detail to his ally express their thoughts in prose. pupils, while these are thinking of noth­ Others again have a poetical disposition. ing else than of good times. And college Their thoughts are too lofty to be ex­ professors are as a rule miserably paid. pressed in prose. Poetry is the medium The professor is annually assured that through which man gives vent to his the state ot the treasury will not permit emotions and imaginations. Not re­ an increase of his salary', while the yroung garding the fact that versification is a student, who cannot be made to pay for good help in the study of poetry, a few instruction, indulges in expensive pleas­ scattered poems would greatly improve ures, and wastes more than would sufour college paper both in regard to its fice to pay an instructor the salary he contents and its appearance. deserves. The professor cannot be blamed when he feels that he is indirectly sup­ porting undergraduate extravagance.

College luxury is non-educational and Virtue can be assailed but never hurt ; prevents the growth of manly self-de­ Surprised by unjust force, but not en­ thralled. — Milton. pendence. An acquaintance with luxury

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the black and red.

Literary.

Cbe Only Way.

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J^AWRENCE May stood with his hands deep in his pockets, intently staring at the green shade of his student lamp. The other occupant of the cozy little room was his very especial friend and chum, Victor Barton, who sat on the couch hugging his knee and absently whistling a few familiar strains from ‘Margery-.’ Present^ he ceased whistling and resumed the excited conversation, or rather dispute they had just been en­ gaged in: “See here, Larry, what’s the use of our quarreling about this? We’ll never agree anyway, and I hate nothing worse than a quarrel, especially with you.”

“That’s all right, Vic,” returned his friend, “but I’m trying to make you un­ derstand that your way of living is do­ ing you all kinds of harm, not only in a physical and moral way, but also — and that ought to appeal to you, if nothing else does— but also in a socia\ way. Of course you ought to have fun and enjoy life, and all that, but can’t you do that without being so tough and careless and without going around with that tough gang of yours? I tell you, it’s spoiling your reputation already.

What do you suppose Edith and the rest will be thinking of 3'ou before long?”

Victor laughed. It seemed ridiculous to him that Edith Mannering and her set should ever despise him just for be­ ing lively and “full of the dickens” oc­ casional^'. What qualities did they ad­ mire in him butjust those about which his friend was constantly giving him lec­ tures? Well meant advice and friendly

warnings are all right in their way, he thought, but wasn’t this getting rather unreasonable.

“Now another thing,” he went on, as Lawrence threw himself into his chair and put his feet on the table, making the green lampshade rattle. “I wouldn’t turn over a new leaf, even if I wanted to. I’ve never believed in making good resolutions anyway. The road to that other place is paved with them, you know. New Year’s resolutions are only made to be broken, and that’s why I have such firm principles against them.”

Lawrence remained silent. His was a rather quiet nature and he spent most of his time reading and thinking. He was thinking now in his accustomed at­ titude with his eyes fixed on his green lampshade. What was he going to do about it? He saw now that he did not have enough influence over his chum to make that irrepressible young gentle­ man change his present pernicious mode of living; and yet he was so much interested in his friend’s welfare, that he would have given anything to make him see into his folly. It was a deplorable state of affairs all around, he thought to himself, and was there no way of mending matters?

“We’ve got a club meeting to-night, Larry,” said Victor, appearing from the other room with his overcoat on. “Are you coming along?” Victor was presi­ dent of a club whose main object it was to eat, drink and be as merr3r as possi­ ble, to say nothing of smoking; and Lawrence belonged to it merely for his friend’s sake.

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“No, I can’t go to-night,” he replied.

“I’m sony, but I can’t miss that lecture, —So long,” he called out in answer to Vic’s parting “S’long, old man; don’t be mad.” ' The lecture was over and the literary population of the city came streaming out of the brilliantly lighted opera house.

Lawrence May did the right thing and Edith Mannering answered, “With pleasure.” Tliev conversed for a while about the lecture, for they were both great literary enthusiasts, but they soon changed the subject and talked about Victor Barton, the popular and much liked Victor, whom everybody consid­ ered such a jolly good fellow that all his faults and irregularities could be indulg­ ent^' overlooked. Edith, having heard Lawrence’s explanation why Victor had not been able to go to the lecture, said in a manner that was unusually serious for her: “Do you know. I’m beginning to lose the good opinion I’ve always had of Vic.” And she began talking very confidential^ to her companion. She told him she had heard things about “Vic” that were hard for her to believe, But, if tliey^ were true, she thought it too bad that such a “nice young gentleman” should turn out not to be a true gentleman after all.

“Well,” said Lawrence, “I think I know him in and out and, seeing you’re so much interested in him, I’ll tell you just what he is.” And he did, telling her the whole truth, but doing his friend full justice, and defending him whenever he could.

“I’ve been trying to make him see the error of his ways, but he can’t—or won’t —see it. But let me tell you something.

You have a good deal of influence over him, as I happened to know, and-----.”

“Have I?” she interrupted, laughing, “You have,” he replied, “and if you would show in some way or other that -----"

167

“But how could I?” she protested. “I wouldn’t dare. I wouldn’t have him angry with me for the world.”

Lawrence replied that he appreciated her feeling about the matter, “but” he arSued’ “don’t you think it would turn ou^ *be good of all concerned in the end?

“Ye-es,” she answered, doubtfully, ‘but—oh, I think I have a plan. But here we are already. I’ll write you a note about {t tomorrow. Good night; and —” “Good night,” he interrupted, cutting off her thanks. “Be sure to write to­ morrow. I’m anxious to know what Joxlr P*an ^s-” “Hello, old man,” sang out Victor Barton as he dashed into the room with a little more than his usual noisiness shortly after midnight. “You up yet? dreaming as usual, eh?” Lawrence was sitting in an easy chair with his feet at a comfortable elevation. His eyes were half closed and he was apparently lost in thought. He was used to Victor’s boisterous way of entering the room so late at night and on the present occasion he merely answered with a drawl, not taking his eyes from the green lamp shade. “Back already ? Have a good time?”

“Ah, talk about it! Fun ? No, not at all. I tell you you missed it, kid.”

Victor threw his derby and gloves on the couch in the corner and sprawled out lazily in the nearest chair. Lawrence turned his head slightly and took a look at his jubilant chum. “Say,” he said, “d’you know what you remind me of ?”

“Well ?”

“The professor in the ‘Autocrat of the Breakfast Table’, where he comes home glorious and tells the old autocrat that the smell ol liquor about him is due to having upset his alcohol lamp and the alcohol getting all over his trousers’.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

“Ah, hang the autocrat! He gets me tired. But I tell you, I felt jolly to­ night. We sang all kinds of songs and drank a toast after every banged one.”

And getting up and throwing off his overcoat he began singing in a clear baritone voice: “Each Saturday night We used to get tight A-pouring down gin-sling.”

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“You are a little bit tight, I guess,” said Lawrence when Victor had ended his song with a great flourish. “You’d better go to roost.”

“You don’t say,” Victor replied with a playfully defiant laugh. “I’m — oh say, how was the lecture ? Was Edith there?”

“She was. I chased her home.”

“0, you did, eh ? Where was Frieda ?

Dear, vivacious little Fritzy !” There was a mischievous twinkle in his C3re as he said this. Frieda Forbes was a girl that Lawrence May — well, talked about occasionally.

“Fritzy? Oh, she was sick and couldn’t go; but Edith was a very good substi­ tute.”

“You rascally, mean old beast, you !

What am I going to do to you, eh?” shouted Victor, jumping up and assum­ ing a pugilistic attitude.

“Oh, give us a rest and go to bed,” grumbled his iriend without even look­ ing at him. Victor laughed, dropped his hands, and said something about better taking the advice.

“Say,” came from the adjoining bed­ room about two minutes later, “3'ou should have heard us sing ‘just Break the News’ just before we broke up. It was heart-breaking.”

“Was it?”—Lawrence smiled. “Gave vour old heart a good softening up, didn’t it?”

“Oh, 3’ou just bet your —” What it was that he wanted Lawrence to bet was lost among the pillows, and in a

short time the youthful reveller was peacefully snoring.

It happened on the ice one afternoon, and Mr. Victor Hugo Barton was the most astonished young man in the world for a few moments after he had been given a decidedly cold shoulder by Miss Edith Mannering. In fact as he said afterwards, he came near falling over.

He had come up in his usual easy pleas­ ant manner and had asked her whether he might have the pleasure. And in­ stead of answering him, as she was in the habit of doing with a gracefully ironical “Of course not,” she said polite­ ly, cold as ice, “I’m very sorry, Mr. Bar­ ton, but I have an engagement for this afternoon with Mr. — Mr. —” She hesi­ tated with a blush of embarrassment.

“Oh, I beg 3'our pardon,” stammered Victor when he had recovered himself sufficiently to open his mouth. And then, with a weak attempt to treat the whole affair as a joke, he said, turning up his overcoat collar, “I’m freezing, I think I’d better go home before I catch a cold.” The weather was as pleasant as it could be, and Edith could not help smiling at the hint his remark contained.

It was a rather dubious smile, however, and she looked after him seriously as he skated away very fast. But when Law­ rence May came up immediately after, she seemed as lively as ever and skated off with him as unconcernedly as though nothing out of the way had occured.

Meanwhile Victor’s mind was in a tumult of conflicting emotions. In the first place he was surprised and, greatly surprised at that. He wondered what it all could mean. He felt angry — lie hardly knew with whom or at what.

And, more than anything else, he felt painfully conscious that he had made a fool of himself, or rather, that he had been made a fool of. He knew only too well that the whole thing had been

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‘taken in” by a dozen or more of his acquaintances, who were now laughing at him and would never stop guying him about that terrible “left”. He remembered boasting that it was impossible for him to get a “left”, and it made him blush deeper as he took off his skates and left the ice, only pausing long enough to look for the person on whose account he had been jilted, When he recognized him he felt a pang ofjealousy for the first time in his life, and in order to keep down his rebellious feelings a little, he whistled “Margery” with such unusual energy that people turned and looked at him on the street, When he got home he threw himself on the couch and thought harder than hc had ever thought before. Pie tried to solve the riddle, but it was becoming more tangled up all the time. “Have I done anything?” he wondered. “Can it be that she—but no, she isn’t that kind, I give it up.” And he fixed his e}res vacantly on the floor where he noticed a scrap of paper lying near Lawrence’s wastebasket. He e3rcd it mechanically for a while, then rose and picked it up to throw it into the basket. There was some writing on it, and he thought he recognized the hand. After studying it awhile he exclaimed aloud, “It’s her writing, by jingo!” and read, ’but it’s

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the only w—. The only what?” he asked himself. “I have it—the only way—but its the only way.—What’s the only way?

What did she want to write him that for?”

He began to reason it out. He had read Conan Doyle and was acquainted with the methods of Sherlock Holmes, -Suddenly an inspiration came and he saw it all clearly now. “But I’ll never let them know that I got on to their scheme,” he resolved, as he burned the tell-tale scrap of paper, “Say, you fellows, have you heard the latest?” And the secretary of the Delta Sigma club lit his cigarette, “Our worthy president has committed an atrocious crime. What is it? Why, he has deliberately sinned against all laws of the club by starting the new century with a good resolution. I have this on no less an authority than himself, boys.” And the secretary of the Delta Sigma club winked a very sly wink, “Yes, it was the only way,” said Frieda Forbes, who was in the plot, as she watched her intimate friend, Edith Manuering skating off with her companion’s chum, Victor Barton, “But I didn’t think he would learn his lesson so quick­ F. G. C. ’03. ly, did you?” :• ;

Something about the Big trees.

(CALIFORNIA has many places worth on a bear hunt, hit upon one of these seeing. There is the Yosemite Valley, colossal trees, which was about three one of the most beautiful and picturesque hundred feet high and seventy-five feet in existence. There is the Golden Gate, in circumference. He returned to camp there are luxuriant orchards, the palm and related it to his friends. They called groves and the like. Other interesting him a great story teller and disbelieved and perhaps the most wonderful of all it. He tried to take them along and arc the so-called Big Trees of Cafifornia. convince them, but without success.

It was in the 3'car 1S52, when a trapper Several days after this incident, this by the name of T. A. Dowd, being out same trapper asked the same persons to

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assist him in carrying in a large grizzly bear, which he had shot a few miles from the camp. They willingly com­ plied and went along. But as they came to the appointed place, they were surprised not to find the looked-for grizzly bear, but one of the huge trees of the Calaveras grove. This is a brief history of the discovery of the Big Trees.

The name of Dowd was celebrated throughout the world in honor of his discovery.

Ten groves of these trees have been found in California, all lying in the Sier­ ra Nevada. The three most noted are the Calaveras; six miles south of this lies the South grove, and the Mariposa grove, which is situated near the Yosemite valley. These clusters of trees really ought not to be called groves, as they do not form a little wood by them* selves, but are spread more or less among the rest of the forest. The largest, most noted, and most beautiful of these groves is the Caleveras. In it are found the largest specimens of the Big trees. Most of the trees in this grove are sugar pines, yellow pines or red spruce. An english botanist, who saw them in the year 1853, gave them the name Wellingtonia gigantea in honor ofGeneral Wellington.

But soon it was found that they be­ longed to a different class, namely, the Sequoia, which are so named after a Cherokee chief. In general they are known as Mammoth trees or Big trees.

One peculiar thing noticed on all the Sequoias is that they are all burnt, while the other, smaller trees about them are unhurt. According to some men a large forest fire raged many years ago, which destroyed all the other trees and even scorched the Mammoth trees badly. By and by the forest grew again, so erasing all marks of the fire, except­ ing those left on the Big trees. This explanation seems plausible and we can fully trust it.

If a person sees these trees for the first time, he is dumfounded. They seem to him hugh reddish brown columns, ter­ minating in a large green crown. Some are slender, others plump, although three hundred feet high. All have a stone plate fastened to them telling name and dimensions. Some were named according to 'presidents, others according to generals and other re­ nowned persons, but some have very inappropriate names, as the ‘‘Graces” and the like.

The most beautiful trees are in the Cala­ veras grove. This grove is kept neatly in order and fitted with walks by its owner, Mr Sperry. Near the entrance the cone-shaped stump of a Sequoia stands which is all burned. This has the very nice name “The Devil’s Toothpick.”

Another one is called “the Mother ofthe Forest.” The height is three hundred and the diameter from twenty-five to thirty feet. In 1854 the bark of this tree was taken off in order to show it throughout the United States. Now the tree has died and only the long white trunk can be seen }'et. The largest of the trees is the “Father of the Forest.”

Its entire height was over four-hundred and fifty feet and its circumference about 125 feet. The tree is now fallen and shat­ tered into a thousand pieces. Through one of the trees, “the Pioneer’s Lodg­ ing,” an opening has been cut, through which carriages can conveniently pass.

A few names of trees that are still grow­ ing, but all over two-hundred and fifty feet high are Starr King, the Three Graces, Abraham Liucoln. The soil on which these trees grow is very peculiar.

First comes a sheet of black soil from four to ten feet deep. Under this there is a stratum of lava, having a thickness of twenty-two feet, and under this bed of lava we find a large river bed, the sand of which abounds with gold. To this sand bed are dug mines which count

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among the richest in California. But not only does the gold attract the attention of the Americans, the wood of the Big trees also gives a chance for speculation. Namely, the wood has a beautiful color, is hard, and takes a very high polish.

This wood when sold

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would bring immense sums of money, Here now is the danger, that the Americans, who are constantly on the outlook for making money, might destroy the trees. The government of California ought to buy the groves and protect them from such destruction.

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0nige GtaaMKR iiber Sc&rcibuimrricbt. ~PS wird von mancher Scite behauptet, dass man in der Schrift den Charakter des Schreibers lesen konnc. Bis zu einem gewisscn Grade mochte ich das gelten lassen, und jedenfalls ist diese Art der Schriftforscliung fur den Liebhaber rccht intercssant; abcr vorlaufig darf diese Kunst noch keinesfalls beanspruclicn, dass ihr allgemeines Interesse entgegengebracht werde.

Wiclitiger und nutzbringender diirfte er auf alle Falle sein, dass sich der gri­ stigc Fortschritt an der Hand der Schrift verfolgcn lasst.ja dass der Screibunterricht sclbst als cin nicht zu unterschatzender Faktor beidcr Entwicklung der Krafte des Geistcs mitwirkt.

Das kann freilich nur dann geschehen, wenn dieses Fach die richtige Behandlung erfahrt, wennzielhewusst und energiscli gearbeitet wird, und wenn das gesteckte Ziel das richtige ist.

Ich mochte mir nun erlaubcn, auf drei Hauptarten des Schreibunterrichts etwas naher einzugehen. Sie sind grundverscliieden, bieten aber alle dem aufmerksamen Beobachter eine Fiille von Interessantem. Es diirfte sich wohl der Millie verlohnen, einige Augenblicke bei ihnen zu verweilen.

Gestatten sie mir diese Einteilung: Planloser Unterricht, Fertigkeitsunterricht, Bildender Unterricht.

Die erste Methode sollteeigentlich keine Yerehrer mehr finden, aber leider hat sie noch an vielen Schulen ihren Platz behauptet. Danach wird eben geschrie-

ben, weil eben geschrieben werden muss, im iibrigen lasst man der Sache ruhig ihren Lauf, ohne sich iiber Zweck und Methode graue Haare wachsen zu las­ sen; scliliesslich wird ja doch wohl irgend ein Resultat dabei herauskommen.

Nur schade, dass dabei die Schuler nach jahrelanger, miihevoller Qualerei nicht einmal so weit gefordert worden sind, dass sie den einfachsten Buchstaben — sagen wir das deutshe e oder das englische n bewussterweise richtig zu Pa­ pier bringen konnen.

Was Wunder! Haben doch weder Lehrer noch Schuler ein festes Ziel im Auge gehabt! Man hat Windgesat und erntet nun Sturm; den Schiilern schwebt kein Ideal vor, nachdem sie die einzelnen Buchstaben bilden konnten, daher operiert jeder zu seinem grossten Schaden nach eigenem Ermessen. Dass dabei von richtiger Feder- und Korperhaltung keine Rede sein kann, versteht sich. von selbst.

Resultut: Hochstens kann erreicht worden sein, dass den Schiilern die Schriftzeichen klar sind—dass sie die ein­ zelnen Buchstaben von einander unterscheiden konnen, und sich kein X fiir ein U vormachen lassen. Dazu hat man gelerut, die einzelnen Schriftzeichen mehr oder minder gelaufig zu Wortern zu vereinigen. Ferner haben sich viele iible und schadliche Angewohnheiten Biirgerrecht erworben, und viel kostbare Zeit ist zwecklos vergeudet worden.

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Die Fertigkeitsmethode — wir kennen sie wohl besser als business penmanship —hat Yor ihrer Yorgangerin wenigstens das vorans, das sie energisch einem Ziele zustrebt; und das ist ihr hoch anzurechneu: sie bezweckt, in moglichst kurzer Zeit — for time is money — den Schulern eine mechanische Fertigkeit beizubringen. (Man konnte also fast von Handfertigkeitsunterricht reden!) Sie sollen gelaufig, gewandt und gefallig schreiben lernen, sollen die Feder mit solch unfehlbarer Siclierheit handhaben, wie eingegeiibter Jager seine Biiclise.

Dabei sind klare Anschauung und scharfe Auffassung der Buchstabenformen Nebensache und nur Mittel zum Zweck: man halt nicht viel von grttndlicher Analyse, da sie zuzeitraubend sein soil, und die Schuler schon nach einigen kurzen Monaten angestrengten Studiums das Resultat ihrer Arbeit in dollars and cents umsetzen wollen. Diese Methode leuchtetnatiirlichunserer forschen amerikanischen Jugend ein; sie arbeiten gerne, wenn Erfolg winkt. Hier fesselt sie die gefallige Form; das Gefulil etwas leisten und bald auf eigenen Fiissen stehen zu konnen, verleihtihnen die vielbewunderte Sicherheit, diederOberfiachlichkeit eigen ist, und die ein tieferes Wissen ihnen nicht raubt; und zu friili verlassen sie die Schule, um als Buchfuher ohne griiudliche Bildung ein monotones Dasein zu fristen.

Resultat dieses Schreibunterrichts: Hand in Hand mit andern Fachern, die ebenso oberflachlich getrieben werden, bildet er Menschen heran, denen der Sinn fur alles tiefere Studium abgeht, die blindlings den grossten Unsinu anuehmen, wenn er nur in eleganten Gewande einherprangt. Sie haben eben nicht selbstandigdenkengelernt. Daneben aber kraftigt ein solcher Unterricht, wie bereits gesagt, das Bewusstsein, etwas zu konnen und emen Mann m der Welt zu steheu. Auch erreicht er das Ziel, das er

sicli gesteckt hat. Aber was hat man aucli dafur alles opfern miissen!

Nach der dritten Methode fassen wir die Sache anders an. Jedes Lelirfach soil als ein Rad im Uhrwerk des Unterrichtsplanes dem Ganzen dienen und auf Geist und Verstaud bildend einwirken. Hier fallt auch dem Schreibunterrichte eine hervorragende Rolle zu, und in den Unterklasseu unserer Anstalt diirfte er deshalb schon aus padagogisclicn Riicksichten schwerlich zu entbehren sein; er liefert uns Material fur Analyse und Synthese, wie wir es prachtiger, einfacher, praktischer kaum linden konnten, und nimmt so eine wichtige Stelle im crziehenden Unterrichte ein.

Am besten diirfte uns das klar wcrden, wenn wir uns in die Lage der meisten unserer neuein tretenden Schiiler versetzen. Die Schriftzcichen stellcn bei manchen unserer jungen Freundc auf einer beschriebenen Seite cine wogcnde, sturmgepeitschtc Mecresflutdar, aus der die grosseren Buclistaben gleicli Masten und Takelwerk bin und her geschleuderter Scbiffe nach alien Richtungen eniporstarren. Bei andern wieder erzahlen die wirren Massen ineinandcrlaufcnder Buclistaben von einer endloscn Kcttc Von Eisenbahnkatastrophen.

Nach und nach entwirren sicli diese Kniiuel, und der Sturm auf dem Meere legt sicli. Die Schuler begreifen, dass der sclieinbaren Planlosigkeit im Alphabetc feste Gesetze der Regelmassigkeit ZU Grunde liegen, die man verstehen kann; dass jedes einzelne Schriftzcichen sicli aus einfaclien Elemental zusammensetzt; dass es sorgfaltig und genau gebildet werden muss; dass das eine Sache ist, diejeder Schiiler bemeistern kann. So werden die Schriftzeichen deutlich, da sie zerlegt, zusammengesetzt und nach festen Regeln verbunden worden sind........

J Auf diese Weise entwickelt sich die Schriftlime zu einem Spicgelglatteu Meere, auf

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dem wohlgeordnete Buchstaben in gleichformigen Winkeln sicli erheben.

Dazu kommt das stolze Bewusstsein, dass sie durch eigenes Denken unci saure Arbeit das zu stande gebracht haben.

Ich entsinne mich dessen noch lebhaft, wie stolz ich als angehender Quintaner anf das erste Jahr eines Schreibunterrichts zuriickblickte, der tins ungeahnte Ticfen der Schreibkunst erschlossen hatte; und jetzt noch thut es mir leid, gestehen zu miissen, dass ich iiber die Schrcibstunden in all den vielen voraufgehenden Jalircn dcnSatz zu setzen mich genotigt selie: Ohm et operam perdidi!

— leid lur mich, leid fur meine Schreiblehrer.

Wird der Schreibunterricht verniinftig ertcilt, so braucht man auch nicht iiber Mangel an Interesse zu klagen. Der Unterricht wird dem LehrerFreude machen, und die Schuler arbeiten mit Lust und Liebc, weil sie denken diirfen und Vergihigen daran linden, Scliriftzeichen zu bilden und zu verbinden, die sie verstehen und sclbst kritisch betrachten gelernt haben. Oberflachlicke Schonheit und Eleganz konnen vonihnenin jedem Falle auf ihren wirkliehen Gehalt gepriilt werden; sie haben eben sehen gelernt, und man darf es wohl als Ilauptaufgabe des Sclireibunterrichts —wie jedes bildenden Unterriclits — betrachten, diese schwere Kunst die Schuler zu lehren.

Der bedeutende Einfluss der Schreibstunde liegt also auf der Hand; denn was der Schiiler sicli hier angewohnen soil — jedem Dinge auf den Grand zu gehen-— hat nicht nur lur das bestimmte Fach Wert, es wird dem ganzen Unterrichte zu gute kommen. Dass dabei auch der Sinn lur wirklich gelallige Form und Exaktheit gewec>[t wird, brauchte wohl kaum bemerkt zu werden.

Natiirlich ist der Weg zu diesem Ziele lang und erfordertausdauernde Energie, aber das Ziel ist der Miihe selir wohl wert, und es wird weder Lehrer noch

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Schuler jemals gereuen, ihngepilgert zu haben.

Resultat: Diese Methode entspricht den Anforderungen eines erziehenden Unterrichts. Die Schriftzeichen und ihr Zusammenhang untereinander sind dem Lernenden deutlich geworden. Der Schuler hat eine schone, rcgelmassige Schulschrift mit vollem Bewusstsein selbst herausgearbeitet.

Ich konnte noch hinzulugen, dass hier der Schreibunterricht meistens seinen Abschluss lindet. Dem Schuler bleibt also der Uebergang von der Schulschrift zu einer charakteristischen Handschrift Fir das Leben selbst liberlassen. Die Schule hat soweit geliolfen, wie die beschrfuikte Zeit der Lehrer nnd Schuler es zulasst. Wiirde es angehen, so soilten freilieh die ersten individuellen GehYcrsuclie unter Anleitung des Lehrers gemacht werden. Hier konnte an unserer Anstalt mit Vorteilein Schreibunterricht eingesetzt werden, der es sich zur Aufgabe maclit, nur Fachunterricht zu sein; denn auf dieser Stufe hat die Schreibstunde ihren erziehlichen Zweck bereits crfiillt, und der mechanische drill der Fertigkeitsmethode konnte nur Gutes wirken und wiirde einen wiirdigen Ab­ schluss des Sclireibunterrichts bilden.

Dadurch wiirde mancliem Schuler, der eine tadellose Schulschrift schreibt aber nicht die Fahigkeit besitzt, daraus eine gute Handschrift fiir das Leben ohne fremde Hilfe zu gewinnen, ein grosser Dienst erwiesen; und solche, die dazu im Stande sind, wiirden auch nur gefordert und vor allfalligen Fehltritten bewahrt bleihen.

Fassen wir nun kurz das Ergebnis un­ serer Darstellung zusammen: Die erste Methode Yerwerfen wir, weil sie absolut nichts leistet und nur Unheil anrichtet.

Die zweite Methode konnen wir auf dicser Stufe unmoglich empfehlen, da sie auf Kosten der Griindlichkeit nur dem

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Niitzlichkeitsprinzip huldigt und auf den Gang der Erziehung weder Einfluss ha. ben kann nocli will. Sie bildetoberflachliche, gedankenlose Jiinger beran, und macht den Schuler systematisclizu einem Handwerker, ja zu einer blossen Maschine.

Zur dritten Methode diirfen wir uns getrost bekennen. Sie wirkt nach Kraf-

ten an der Arbeit derGeistesbildungmit, giebt uns die einzig vernunftige Grundlagefur eine wirklich schone charakteristische Handschrift, obne die Individualitat zu zerstoren und ist die beste Vorschule fur das Faclistudium der Schreibkunst, das aber erst nach dieser Vorbereitung beginnen diirfte, wenn es ohne Nachteil flir die Erziehung geschehen K. ’95. soil.

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JJROBABLY it will be of great interest for those who particularly take pleasure in music to hear how the pros­ pects are for a college orchestra in the coming year.

On the 5th of January a meeting was held and the orchestra was reorganized.

Owing to the departure of some of the last year’s members a few vacancies were brought about, but these are promptly attended to this year by able, industrious musicians. To the instru­ ments of the orchestra a French horn has been added.

Now to obtain great success there is one thing which must under all circum­ stances be observed. This is earnest, diligent, and daily practice by each indi­ vidual member. If this is not constantly kept in view nothing can be accomp­ lished. It is not so much to play a piece, but we must strive to interpret it with expression and harmony. We must have perseverance for our motto. If we do this we may look forward toward success.

Last year the orchestra gave a con­ cert, which proved to have favorable

results. All efforts will be centered in that direction again this year. Rehersals will be held once a week on Saturday afternoon, and they should be strictly and punctually observed.

If every member does his duty there will be no obstacles in the path. Thus we see that the prospects for a good college orchestra are in their fullest bloom.

Beta Rbo. JN our meeting December 15th Mr. Keller read a very timely speech on the work of thesociet}'. He had evident­ ly given the subject very careful consid­ eration and showed considerable ability in the setting forth of his ideas. The extemporaneous debate between Baebenroth and Christgau showed inex­ perience and the lack of abilit3r to pre­ sent arguments clearly, but it also gave reason to hope for improvement in the future. The debate in the next meeting, held January 12th, did not seem to meet with the entire approval of the audience and it must be conceded that the subject, “Which is the bigger fool, the dude or

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the tough?” was not a very edifying one. Mr. Sauer’s essay, which contained a strong plea for the study of the “Muttersprache”, was more favorably re­ ceived. Mr. Schulz also read a very in­ structive essay. &

personal.

Sunday evening, January 6th, English services were held at St. Mark’s church. Prof. Julius Gamm delivered the sermon.

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Prof. O. Hoyer preached at Princeton, Wis., on New Year’s day.

Thc vacancy caused in Northwestern’s faculty by I rof. Koehler s accepting a . call to the Theo. Seminary at Wauwatosa is now being filled by Dr. Pfeiffer.

He teaches German and the ancient languages.

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The Sophomore class has laid aside the text book of Geometry and has substituted higher Algebra in its place, But few students remained at college during Christmas vacation. Among them were Wm.Sauer, ’02, Ferd.Christgau, ’03, Paul Lorenz, ’04, Henry Bruns, ’04, and H. Woyahn, ’07.

Johnnie Manz, ’06, went home on Friday, January 18.

The class of ’06 is taking a course in elementary algebra,

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We are very glad to see two old students, Ewald Macheel, ’01 Ac. and Ed. G. Christgau, ’03, Ac., who did not at*end last term, in our midst.

Paul Kottke, ’06, took sick and went home January 18.

Scarcely had the students returned from their vacation, when a number of boys were entered on the sick list. Some Gf them could not attend classes for a few days, but the most of them have recovered.

Mr. Adolph Baebenroth, ’04, has been elected manager of the football team for the coming year.

The Seniors have received their class Adolph Sauer, ’06, left for his home in pins; they are of a very pretty design, juneau, January 17th on account of illdisplaying violet as their class color. ness.

Mr. William Binte called on his son The students remaining at college Reinhold, ’05, at college January 15th. during vacation were pleasantly enterThe Juniors have completed their tained at the home of Prof. Hoyer, Sun­ course in higher algebra and are now day eve., December 30th. The evening taking up trigonometry. Physiology was speut in playing games and gossiplias also been added to their course this ping> and all left well satisfied. term.

Louis Schraga, ’02, visited friends in Arnold Hoenecke, ’01, is studying trig- Oconomowoc during the holidays, onometry with the Juniors.

Richard Buerger, ’03, returned to colRev. Thrun of Neillsville paid a visit jege january gth, having been confined to our Alma Mater on January 15th. home on account of illness.

The Juniors have adopted their class emblem and chose sapphire as class color.

R. Pieper, ’03, was a guest at the home of his friend and classmate, Hugo Koch, at Columbus during the holidays.

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Herman Zimowski, ’04, spent a few ^ayg during vacation with his college friend, Hen?y Haase, ’01, in Ixonia.

Prof. Kuhn was ill and could not hear his classes for a number of days.

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Philobrothean !

A hard case, a turtle’s shell.

Who likes nuts ? We all do.

MacHeel is quite an acrobat now. !i:

Who is the modern Venus.

Hank : Only a little bit off the top for me.

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Ask Bimmel how he enjoyed vacation.

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He: Who received some circulars of Bull’s famous Corn Cure Tablets ?

She : I’ll ask Christel about it.

Intonere poli: Es donnemdie Polen.

Gracefully are the fingers moving On the keyboard of the “Rem.” ; Every time the door is open, The boys are watching “them.”

Who bought a bottle of Piso’s Con­ sumption Cure ?

Mine is red, what color has yours ?

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Before Christmas the girl from the “Hub” was the main issue, after Christ­ mas Filipino carries off the honors in that line.

The reading of the barometer accord­ ing to Billy was 28.8 feet last Tuesday.

Oh, ye sleighing parties ! Where are you this year ?

1 wish that ring were off my finger.

Omnibus completis Caesar Romam profectus est: Nachdem die Omnibus voll war, brach Caesar nach Rom auf.

Hank seems to know that a catch on is expensive merchandise.

We wonder whether the rapid accumu­ lation of adipose tissue, which is so noticeably taking place in our midst, is in any way due to over-indulgence in “door-knob” syrup.

Bimmel: “Me mi serum, mea—e sinistra-e !”

Johnnie, did you explain to the young lass the mechanism of that mysterious “Revolving Mirror ?”

The reign of the law which refers to keeping the basement floor in order is very tyrannical, sighs he of the high She only paints on Sunday. Don’t say waters, otherwise known as “His Royal anything kids.

Altitude.”

To have and to hold a good class Nandy : Was werden die Leute sagen? standing is the problem which constant­ Thumb Thumb thinks it poor policy ly perplexes the eager and ambitious to visit Watertown during the school “egotist.” months.

Nandie, sadty and pensively singing in Ask the algebra class about those his lonelines and desolation : “0 quae “civilized numbers.” mutatio rerum!”

Vests are a nuisance even in winter, “Grietsch,” the star of our orchestra. says Japs.

Judging from his collar “Acorn” must Who is the center of attraction on the have made a bet recently, third floor ?

Prof.: (reading in rhet.) She found Prof.: How much is 120% less than it under huswife.

100?

Student: Did she sit on it ?

Paul: 20% below zero.

Cigars, best grades in the market, First whack, second whack, no whack. Private Flat, Coop 3.

Why did so many boys nearly faint in chapel on Thursday, January 3.

THE BLACK AND RED. Such gentlemanly behavior! Such courteous remarks!! So great a regard for other peoples’ feelings!!! But then its “tough,” you know.

Tragicomedy - Under the Arc Light.

Act n, Scene i. — A street. Evening.

Enter Oily and Witty. Exit Witty.

A new and revised edition of the “Hausordnung.” Compiled and formu­ lated by W. F. L. and his faithful ser­ vant Prof. Ballhorn.

Who ran away from Grietsch on College Ave. ?

And I took her home and she didn’t even say tlia-a-nks.

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Perhaps no one began the new centory more cautiously than Shiner; his first act was to buy two tickets for the lecture course, in case he should lose one.

Won’t some Senior or Junior frankly confess that he was at the ’phone one Sunday afternoon ? Anxiety over this is sadly undermining Miss W’s health.

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The “Gimme” Gang.

“You would open your eyes when you’d see what I’d do if I were a girl.”

— Hank.

Judging from the undivided attention they gave the speaker, Jack and Br-n-s enjoyed the recent lecture on “American Writers” more than any others present.

As you stroll along the campus Taking your accustomed smoke, Thinking of your “bestest only” Or perhaps the latest joke, Some chap is sure at last to say (And this happens every day) 11 Gimme a m atch. ’ ’

Bimmel is rather an old chap, but he’s a little too young to get a knock-down from Grietch.

No sooner has this bummer left you, Than another takes his place, Presuming on his old acquaintance Guilessly looks into your face, Than at last has this to say, (This too/happens every day) “Gimme some tobacco!”

The Red Cross Society, which was organized here lately, solicits the patron­ age of the students.

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£ EXCHANGES. * Perhaps the best exchange paper that has reached our table during the month of December is the Central Collegian.

“Coleridge: A Romantic Poet” is carried

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out well in accordance with the subject, “Robert Southey,” while not singularly captivating as regards interesting matter, is a pleasing example of an attractive biographical style. In choosing a subject of this nature a winning style above all else becomes a matter of pre­ eminent importance. The biography of Southey, who is but a minor English prose writer, would scarcely command the interest of the reader, aye more than this, it would fall flat, were it not very attractively represented. While we can­ not sanction the arguments put forth in “The College Fraternity” we most hear­ tily commend the introductory remarks of the exchange editor to all fellow editors. They are certainly to the point, Judging 'from numerous mistakes in spelling- we are inclined to infer inaccura^.e proof-reading.

Then at last to cap your troubles Comes the fiendish cigarette-sucker, His nerves a-tremble, eyes a-fire, Teeth a-grinding, mouth a-pucker— He, at last is sure to say, (And this happens every—hour) “Gimme a paper’'—Ex,

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“In November” a football episode in the St. John’s Collegian is an exceedingly creditable little piece of fiction. It compares very favorably with the fiction of some of our best exchanges.

The Hiram College Advance contains a very timely editorial on “American Incivility.” It is a matter that cannot be presented too forcibty.

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We are pleased to note by the Maniathletics have been revived at St. Olafs. It was a move in the right direction.

tou Messenger that

ii

Co. 1896. 12x19 cm. XXVI. 378.

69:46.

Hueppe, Ferdinand. Handbuch der Hygiene mit 210 Abbildungen. Berlin 1899. August Hirshwald. 16x2414 cm.

XII, 664. 252:3.

Brown, Ewold. The Grammar of the English Grammars, with an Introduc­ tion Historical and Critical; the whole methodically arranged and amply illus­ trated. Second edition.

New York.

Samuel S. and William Wood. 1858.

16x25 cm. 1070 pp. 116. 1:11.

Whitney, William Dwight. Oriental and Linguistic Studies. Second series.

The east and west, Religion and Myth­ ology; Orthography and Chronology; Hindu Astronomy. New York. Clias.

Ruskin, John. The True and the Beau­ Scribner’s Sons. S. A. IX, 431. 1214x tiful in Nature, Art, Morals and Relig- 1914 cm. ion. Selected from the works of J. R. Guerber, H. A. Myths of Northern with a notice of the author by Mrs. L. Lands. Narrated with special Reference C. Tuthill, New York. John Wiley & to Literature and Art. New York.

Sons, 1889. 1214x20 cm. XXXI, 452. American Book Co. 1S95. 1214x19 cm.

Ill; 330.

319 pp. 54:7.

Scott, Leader. Sculpture Renaissance Wright, G. Frederick, D. D.L. L. D. F. and Modern. London. Sampson, Low, G. S. A. The Ice Age in North America Marston, Searle and Rivington. 1891. and its Bearing upon the Antiquity of 13x1014 cm. XV, 286,106: 23.

Man. , With an Appendix on “The Probable Cause of Glaciation,” by War [Laughlin, J. Lawrence.] Report of ren Upham. New York. D. Appleton & the Monetary Commission ofthe Indian­ Co. 1891. 1414x23 cm. XVIII, 64S. apolis Convention of Boards of Trade, 259:5.

Chambers of Commerce, Commercial Clubs and other similar Bodies of the U. Cohen, Julius B. Practical Organic S. Chicago. The University of Chicago Chemistry. London. Macmillan & Co. Press, 1898. 16x2414 cm. XIV, 608. 1892. 10x17 cm. XIII, 200. 261:12. .

86, 5: 9.

Gardiner, Sam. Rawson. The First Heintzl, Albert. Die Deutschen Fa- Two Stuarts and the Puritan Revolu milien - Namengeschichtlich, geograph- tion, 1603—1660. With four Maps, isch, sprachlich.

Halle, Weisenliaus, New York. Charles Scribner’s Sons.

1882. 16x2314 cm. VIII, 227. 126:2. 1893. 11x17% cm. XIX, 222. 66:52.

Library Secessions.

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Follet, (Miss) M. P. The Speaker of Heale, Rev. E. M. A. The Fall of the the House of Representatives. With an Stuarts and Western Europe from 1678 introduction by Albert Bushnell Hart, to 1697. With Maps and Plans. Ibid.

Ph.D, New York. Longmans, Green & 1889. 11x1714 cm. XII, 248. 66:53.

w 179

THE BLACK AND RED.

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Copes, W. W. M. A. Roman History.

The Early Empire. From the Assassina­ tion of Julius Caesar to that of Domitian.

With two Maps. New York. Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1892. 11x1714 cm.

XV, 240. 57:11.

Copes, W. W. M. A. The Roman Em­ pire of the Second Century or the Age of the Antonines. With two Maps. Ibid.

1891. XI, 226. 57:12.

Longman, F. W. Frederick the Great and the Seven Years War. Ibid. 1891.

XII, 254. 60:13.

Sccbohm, Frederic. The Era of the Protestant Revolution. Second Edition.

With Notes on Books in English relating to the Reformation by Geo. P. Fisher, D. D. Ibid. 1894. XV, 250. 59:37.

Gardiner, Sam. Rawson. The Thirty Years War. Ibid, 1892. XXV, 237.

59: 38.

Morris, William O’Connor.

The French Revolution and First Empire.

With an Appendix upon the Bibliography of the Subject and a course of study by Hon. Andrew D. White, LL. D. Ibids. a. XXXII, 306. 67: 21.J Edinburgh, University Calendars 1876 -77. Edinburgh. Printed and pulished for the University MDCCCL XXVI. 12x18 cm. 378,76 pp. 10S: 34.

Sommcrville, Maxwell.

Engraved Gems. Their History and an elaborate View of their Place in Art. Illustrated, Philadelphia. Published by the author.

18S9. 2114x29 cm. 783 pp. 106:24.

!

Daudet. (Alphonse) Contes. Edited with Introduction, Notes and Indices by A. Guyot Cameron, Ph. D. Second Edi­ tion, Revised. New York. Henry Holt & Co. 1893. 11x17 cm. XXII, 303.

143;2.

Education, Commissioner of Report, for tht year 1866—97. Volume i. Con­ taining Part i. Wash. 1898. 1414x 2314, LXXX, 1136 pp. 311:1-28 v 1,

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Watertown, Wisconsin, February, 1901,

Volume IV.

Number 9.

Board of Editors. h

Edw. H. Buerger, ’01, Editor-in-Chief.

H. A. Frank, ’01,

H. W. Luebcke, ’01,

Salomon A. Jedele, ’02, !

Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

Theo. H. Schroedel, ’02,

Edmund Bliefernicht, ’03.

The JSlnolt ami Tied Is published monthly during the school year by the studonta of the Northwestern Uni­ versity. Subscription price, 60 cents per annum in advance. Advertising rates furnished on application.

All literary matter should be directed to the Editor-in- liief, business letters to the Business Manager. Subscribers will please give notice of change of address, and when failing to receive the Black and Red regularly, notify us at once.

Printed by I). Blnmcnfeld & Son. Entered at the Post Ofllco of Watertown, Wls.. as second-class matter.

editorial*

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“Tier court was pure; her life serene; God gave her peace; her land reposed; A thousand claims to reverence closed In her a Mother, Wife, and Oucen.”

From Tennyson's "To the Queen.

QN the 22nd day of January perhaps the most beloved personage of the past century passed away, Queen Victoria of England. In the sixty-five years of her reign she had not only won the love of her own subjects, but also the sympathy and admiration of people separated from her by many miles of laud and sea.

Europe feels the loss most, but there has also more sympathy been shown from this side of the Atlantic, than ever before at the death of any sovereign. Nearly the whole world is in a state of mourn­ ing.

The Queen was related to nearly every royal house in Europe, and around her death-bed were gathered almost all descendants of her line. The death of Queen Victoria will be regretted in all lands. Her personal virtues won for her the love of her subjects and the re-

spect of the world. For the past week, column after column has been written on her death and burial, her personal virtues, the roval family, her successor, and Iler connection with other roval houses Attempts have been made by worthy eulogists of the Queen to analyze this sp0ntaneOus outpouring of sympathv for tlle bereaved family as well as the afflicted nation from all parts of tbe globe. Tributes are being offered frora every side. Never in history has a s0 vereign been borne to the grave attended by so many distinguished mourners. Nearly all of the larger countries of Europe were represented in the great and unique naval and military proces­ sions. On February 4th the final rites oyer dead queen Were concluded and the body was iajd to rest in the Frogmore mausoleum. Her son, King Ed­ ward VII, now reigns and there is no _: reason: why he should not make as good a king as she was a queen, if he will but follow her footsteps.

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J^OT a few Americans throughout our country felt much interest in the re­ cent selection of a new president for the Washington and Lee University. Some few of the more devoted friends of the college were earned so far by the wave of enthusiasm, as to emphasize Wash­ ington and Lee’s grand qualifications for becoming a national scat of learning.

Truly this university, unsectional, un­ sectarian, knowing no North, no South, and national in its traditions, is pecu­ liarly adapted to this purpose. A long line of Americans of national fame were directly connected with it through more than a century. Men, such as George Washington and Robert Lee, have en­ riched the history of the university with numberless sacred trdftitions. The Fa­ ther of our country was the father of Washington and Lee. He was the first liberally to endow it, when the flame of patriotism, which burned so steadily in the hearts of those sturdy Virginians, chose to call the little academy “Liberty Hall”, Not Washington alone, but a long line of his descendants were equally liberal and devoted to the college. Near­ ly one hundred years afterward, when the college had grown to full bloom, another great American, Robert E. Lee, came forward to give to it the last and best years of his life. Were we to keep on we might write volumes of interesting historical facts about Washington and Lee, telling how most appropriately a National University might be raised on the foundations of this old college. If there ever could be a college of patriot­ ism, an educational fountain, at which young men might drink in the love of liberty and pride of country, it should be here on the banks of the upper James.

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YY HATEVER you do, do well, is a saw that no one ought to forget.

Anything that is not worthy of our full­

est care and attention and need not be carried out with minuteness is certainly not worth}' of being begun by us at all.

Yes, the time spent in doing something only half can hardly bear an}' profitable fruit and is even worse than thrown away. It makes us habitually careless, nurses superficialness, and can never help us to accomplish anything. To what must the success of great men be attributed ? Perhaps to the natural gifts and endowments that God has given them. But how much more can these faculties be exercised with success if they go hand in hand with zeal and love for the work. Take part in an enter­ prise with your whole heart and with the intentions of fulfilling every duty that may devolve upon you to the small­ est detail. The results of careful, exact work are palpable. You can always be relied upon, every part of your duty will receive its proper attention. Success in your work can not be wanting. In all conditions of life you find the exact man outrunning the charlatan, the careless man, the Jack of all trades, but master of none. Let this be a warning to the student. Your success or failure after­ wards depends on your work and study now. You can only reap what you have sown. Now is the time to shape your habits, to become exact, careful, pains­ taking in every particular. Aut bene, aut non.

YY KY arc there still so many among our fellow-students that do not take the necessary interest in literary work? When our literary society began its work in the latter part of the last semester, it had very few members. We are glad to say that the number attend­ ing the regular meetings is slowly in­ creasing. But the number could easily be doubled. If the society would give some sort of entertainment every week and invite its friends, the attendance would

THE BLACK AND RED.

185 ...

6

certainly be much greater; but this is cnrastance will present itself, only in a not the object of a literary society, larger degree. “Well,” some one might Why do not all those, who attend the Say, “that’s not so bad, they wear meetings for the sake of being enter- glasses only to effect a better appeartained, take active part in the work of ance.” Not so ! Those times when specthe society? “I have no time” is the only tacles were the fad of the day are luckily answer that a person can get from them, passed.

Everj^body to-day would Experience, however, has plainly shown rather not wear them if he could avoid to us that just those students that have it. Now, where do these many cases of most work have done most to promote myopia come from ? It is true, near­ literary work at our college and are sightedness is hereditary, but nine out still doing it. of ten persons are born with a clear, We must of course admit that there healthy e}'esight. The failing of the eye are some students among us that have is in most cases due to incorrect treatpositively no time to devote to the ment. Injudicious parents allow their work required from a member of the children to sit in the darkest corners, society. But their number is very small busily bent over their picture books or indeed. Some of our young men ought schoolbooks. Later on in the college?, to consider what great benefits are de- the eyes, already weakened, receive their rived from debating. Above all other “finishing touch”. Here we find stutliings it enables a person to speak be- dents studying all evening without a fore the public. This is something that shade over the lamp to keep off the ought to be practiced very much among bright, dazzling rays of light. Others us, probably more than among the stu- sit up all night reading the smallest dents of many other colleges. Debating print, which in brightest daylight oftenalso helps to cultivate the mind. It times is hardly legible. Never do they enables a person to express his thoughts think of the harm they are doing to at once. He cannot sit at his table and the most valuable organ. The insurance think about one sentence for hours, companies put the loss of eyesight on He must have a reply ready at once to level with the loss of life. And everything that his opponent says, truly, very few ever think of the value This is not an easy thing, and it requires of good eyes. But how should we take much practice to become an able debat- care of our eyes? We have our e}'es to er. But we all have a chance to get observe, to see things going on about this practice now, and why should we us, to examine smaller objects, to read not take it? Certainly no one will ever etc., but not to do one of these things regret the time that he spent in debating for hours incessantly. When reading, while at college, but he will regret the first of all, see that you have the proper time that he spent in doing nothing, light. The light should be bright, but We hope that the number attending the should not strike the e}res so much as meetings of our society will increase the books or paper you are reading, more rapidly in the future than hereto- Have your lamp duly covered with a shade. Then have, if possible, the light fore. & placed back of you, so that it falls over TF you examine the people of to-day, your left shoulder. But the main rule A you will find more than two-fifths of is, never keep your eyes bent on auythem affected withmyopia. Go into our thing so long, that they begin to smart colleges and schools, and the same cir- and grow dim. If you have been read-

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THE BLACK AND RED.

ing a while, leave off and let your eye roam about and have your look bent on

objects farther off, and you will find what a great relief it is.

Literary.

Cbe mu of Willow River.

I

XTEAR the boundary of Wisconsin and Minnesota there is a small stream called Willow River. It flows through a broad valley densely covered with trees and thick underbrush.. In one of the bends there is a high waterfall. On both sides of the river are large hills and rocks. About half a mile from the waterfall is a large cave with a small entrance.

For some time the people had seen a strange object about this cave, but they never paid any attention to it. One night some persons happened to pass by the waterfall at a late hour and saw the same object there. They watched it for several nights and saw that it would come out of the cave and go to the bank of the river whistling and shrieking, There was something so weird and shrill about it, that it could certainly be nothing human. No, it was a ghost.

About a year before this, two brothers, who were out boating, had been dashed over the falls. One of them was picked up dead a few days later, but the other could not be found. This object without doubt was a ghost, visiting the spot where the accident had taken place, Now no one would ve .ture. to go near this place after dark. One night a jroung man, Hugh Flemming, who had just come home from college, happened to pass by the waterfall and saw the ob­ ject. As soon as he got home, he told

his class mate, Paul Mather, what he had seen. They had heard the people say that a ghost inhabited the cave, but they did not believe in ghosts. Here they saw a fine chance to have some fun, and of course they could not miss it. So they decided to go to the cave together and find out what the object was. The people tried to persuade them not to go, but they had made up their minds to go, aud go they would. The next evening they set out together and went to the cave, It was a dark, cloudy night, and after they entered the woods it became perfectly dark. Shortly after they reached the cave it began to drizzle and they went back home, the next night they provided themselves with a liuntingknife, pistol, and a lantern, so that they could enter the cave if they wished. It was a bright, moonlight night. As they passed on, ever now and then a rabbit would start up before them, and they would look about to see if they could see anything of the ghost. While the3r were waiting at the cave they could hear some noise up the river. But that was not the ghost shrieking, no, it was a racoon calling to his companions. Then there was a noise on the rock above them, but that was only an owl singing his evening son-, It was getting late and still they had seen nothing of the ghost. They thought

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of going into the cave and looking around, but just then there came a shrill whistle from within. Out came a white object and darted off through the woods. At first they were very much frightened, but they soon followed after it. Some distance before them it stopped on a rock and peered around. Then came another shrill shriek, which made them stop. The white object on the rock looked so ghostlike that, their courage failed them. Again the ghost darted off and went towards the water­ fall. The young men did not care to follow it an}r farther, but Paul did not want to go home without knowing what it was. All the people knew that thej' were out to catch the ghost, and if they would go back home now, they would be laughed at. They again picked up courage and followed it to the river.

As they came nearer, they could see it standing on a large bowlder.

As soon as the ghost saw Paul and

187

Hugh, it came for them andalongstruggle ensued. After some time Paul was tired out and went back a little while to rest. Hugh and the ghost kept on and often they were near the edge of the bank. All at once Paul thought of his pistol and, pulling it out, he shot it off several times. At this the ghost left Hugh and, running to the river, jumped into it just above the falls. The next minute it went headlong over the falls and struck on the rocks beneath. They rushed down with their lantern and brought it on shore. To their surprise they found it to be a man!

Then they went home and soon re­ turned with a wagon to take the dead man with them. It turned out to be the man who had been dashed over the falls a year before and had disappeared.

From the fall he had become insane and had lived in the cave ever since. Thus the ghost turned out to be a man.

“Bag” ’02.

Ji terrible Experience witb a Bear.

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EARLY every American youth finds it a great pleasure to go on a hunting trip. There is nothing more charming and delightful to him than to shoulder his rifle and lay low the wilds of the forest. The denser the forest and the better his chances are of having an exciting encounter, the more he likes it.

He finds it great sport to meet the frowning tiger, and thinks it excellent target practice to blow out the brains of a bear. I was formerly one of those adventurous characters and, not until the following misfortune befell me, was my ravenous desire for this kind of sport satiated. ' It was in that season of the year when nature lies despoiled of every charm, The ground was covered with a white

sheet, and the crackling of the trees gave evidence of bitter cold. To give more action to the scene, a sharp northwester frequently burst forth with relentless fury. On such a day I decided to go on a hunt. I was earnestly requested by my parent? to stay at home, but I thought I knew better and did not take their advice. I got ready and started out. It was about seven miles to the famous “Wild’s Abode.” This immense forest abounded in game of every variety, Although it was a long distance to travel, I determined to get there. After I had covered about half the distance, I stopped at a small farm house to get warmed up. I was in great need of this, for I was well-nigh unable to continue walking in the face of the biting

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THE BLACK AND RED.

wind. After a. short stay I again set out. With greatly increased speed I made good headway and reached the point of my destination in good condi­ tion. Having arrived, I devested myself of my fur coat and hid it in a hollow log, so that nobody would be able to find it and claim it as his own. Next I loaded my rifle and was thus ready to shoot anything which would come within its deadly range.

For about two hours I trudged through the snow without even seeing a squirrel. It seemed to be too cold for all animals. Yet I did not abandon the hunt. I had traveled a long distance in the terrible cold and was determined to be rewarded for my exertion. Still far­ ther and farther I proceeded into the dense forest, wholly taken up by thoughts of how I was going to end the career of the first quadruped that would tread my way. At last, being disgusted and indignant at my bad luck, I looked at my watch, to find out what time of the day it was. To my surprise it was already three o’clock in the afternoon.

How was I going to get out of that deep wood before darkness would set in?

For a while I was at a loss of what to do. But the engine of my thoughts soon resumed its duties. I must go back the same way I came. I had not the least idea of where I was and the onlyway by which to find out of the forest was to retrace m3" footsteps.

Without longer delay I turned back.

But I had not walked more than ten feet when I heard ahead of me a howl which sounded more supernatural than earthlj". Never before had I heard such a horrid growling. Even at this mo­ ment, when I relate my experience, an involuntar}" shudder rushes through my frame. When the effects of that ghastly tone had left me and I had regained the use of my senses, I advanced with my rifle ready for action. I was ever on

the alert, m3" eyes scanned everything, lest I be attacked from the side or from behind. The creature which uttered that frightful sound was evidently some fierce beast, and if I would miss the op­ portunity of killing him at the oppor­ tune time, my life would be at stake.

Slowly and with a firm step I advanced.

Suddenly that diabolical noise again burst forth. There was no time to fall into a trance. I had to take the full charge of that weird 3"ell without flinch­ ing. For not two rods ahead of me, stood the biggest bear that I have ever seen — and 1 have seen many.

Now was the time for action. With all the calmness of a Stoic I raised my rifle and sent an ugly charge into the monster. It did not drop him however.

He now advanced towards me, infuria­ ted to the utmost. I quickly gave him another charge. He braved this also.

As I did not have time to shoot once more, I took to my feet. People say that a bear cannot run. I noticed exactly the opposite, for the wounded and bleeding monster made things hot for me. He was always close at m3" heels, at tliesame time uttering the most horrible cries imaginable. I soon be­ came so tired, that I could scarcely breathe. Something else had to be done.

Loath as I was to do it, I threw away m3" rifle and climbed a small tree. Before I was up high enough, he had one of 1113" feet in his terrible jaws. I struggled with all the strength I had left to extri­ cate my foot from his grasp. Finally the sole of m3" shoe gave way. Now I went up higher and sat down on a branch. I was so thoroughly worn out, that I was hardly able to hold m3"self to the tree which afforded me temporary shelter. During this time the bear was making every effort to down the frail tree. To my horror I saw that he would succeed in accomplishing this if his strength would not give way on

THE BLACK AND RED. account of loss of blood. I was certainly in a dangerous position. Had I at this moment been in possession of m3" rifle I could have given him “the fatal medicine,’' but I had nothing but a jackknife.

The enraged animal was working at the tree with irresistible fury. I could no longer stay. So I jumped down and ran as fast as my legs could carry me.

As soon as he saw the new turn in the state of affairs, he came after me with the swiftness of a panther. Although he slackened his pace, I could not get away from him. Being aware that no escape was possible Iran behind a big tree, drew out my knife and determined to offer as much resistance as possible, While he put his paws around the tree, I dealt them terrific blows with my

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knife. I seemed to be getting the better in the contest, but suddenly my one foot slipped and I fell to the ground.

Before I had time to rise the bear was upon me. I surely thought that my time had come, yet a Higher Being jerked me out of the jaws of death. For nearly at the same moment I heard two shots fired in rapid succession. The bear fell over, a dead mass. I raised my head and saw my brother, What happened to me after that I do not know, for when I regained consciousness I found myself at home. I was a sad looking hunter when I became aware of m3" appearance. My face was swollen to an unnatural size and my whole body terribly mutilated.

A. A. ’02.

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the first two Periods of British Literature. iJ'HB literature of England may be divided according to the principal poets. Taking this method, the first period comprises the time from Chaucer to Spenser; and the second from Spenser to Milton. These two periods deserve most attention, not onl.v because they are the beginning and foundation of our literature, but also because they are the 1110s t prolific and the grandest of all.

Geoffrey Chaucer, justly termed “The Morning Star of English Poetry”, is the first conspicuous author of the first period. His principal work is “The Canterbury Tales”, in which the customs and dress of that age, even the condition of the government, are accurately depicted. His language, however, differs widely from that of our days, because the Norman-French and the AngloSaxon elements had just blended; but they were not yet firmty united, nor had the reciprocal influences at that time been of an3’ effect. The second

author who deserves attention is Wyclifie, the first translator of the Scriptures. He is fitly termed “The Father of English Prose.” Another prominent figure is Sir Thomas More, better known as the author of “Utopia”, a description of an ideal government. In the latter half of the* fifteenth centunr William Dunbar, a poet of Scotland, flourished, who is excelled only by Burns and Scott. Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and Sir Thomas Wyatt also deserve attention as poets. A powerful writer, full of grave wit, was Bishop Hugh Latimer. William Tyndale, the second translator of the Bible, and John Fox, the author of “Book of Martyrs,” have exercised great influence upon English st3"le and are regarded as early authorities in the correct use of our language. John Lyly, another writer of this period, has become renowned by his “Euphues”. Plallam calls it ‘a very dull storv*, full of dry commonplaces’,

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THE BLACK 190 while Charles Kingsley says it is, ‘in spite of occasional tediousness and pedantry, as brave, righteous, and pious a book as man need look into.’ In its own day its popularity, we are told, was so great, that ‘the court ladies had all the phrases by heart’ and ‘that Beautie in Court which could not parley euphuism was as little regarded as she which now there speaks no French’.

The poet Michael Drayton, who was no lover of Lyly, describes him as

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bered as the first English translator of Homer. The most learned writer of his time and the greatest philosopher of the English race is undoubtedly Francis Bacon, who was bom in 1561 and died 1626. His essays are most correctly styled “wonderful specimens of crystalliZed thought”. The first noteworthy dramatist of this period is Christopher Marlowe. But one year after his birth jn April, 1564, England’s most famous author and the world’s greatest drama­ Talking of stones, stars, plants, of fishes, flyes, tist was born, namely William Shake­ Playing with words and idle similes. speare. It is surprising that we know A man who undoubtedly was the so Very little of his life; most probably greatest scholar of his age and whose this is due to the fact that his townsmen views as to education are in accordance ancj most of his contemporaries had no with those of the best preceptors even of idea of his future greatness. His many to-day, is Roger Asham. Sir Walter dramas are of tragical, comical, and his* Raleigh, a man who excelled on the most torical character. Shakespeare died different stages of life, will be remem- April 23, 1616. Sir Henry Walton and bered also as a great author of this Richard Barn field — both were poets — period. Hume pronounces his “History may be mentioned next. But this period of the World”, which he wrote while a has also many other great dramatists prisoner in the Tower, to be a model of besides Shakespeare. The greatest of English prose. It is no longer of any them is Ben Jonson, who lived from value, but far better than any other 1574 to 1637 and was a contemporary of history of that time. The writer with bis great rival, Shakespeare. His intelwhom the first period closes is Edmund ject and knowledge made him a promiSpenser, one of the four greatest Eng- ncnt man of that time. He has also lish poets. His principal and longest written the famous eulogy on William work is “The Faerie Queene”, an elabor- Shakespeare, The greatest essayist, ate allegory upon Queen Elizabeth. next to Bacon, is Robert Burton, who The second period, which begins with lived from 157S to 1640. “Anatomy of Spenser and ends with Milton, is not Melancholy”, an exhaustless mine of only far superior to the first, but is also ancient learning, is his principal work, the most prolific and the most illustri- Two great men who are known especialous in English literature. For the great- ly from their long and brilliant literary er part it coincides with the Elizabethan partnership are Francis Beaumont and age. Immortal are the names of the John Fletcher. Their fame rests chiefly great authors of this period, but only on their dramas, but their poems are few can here be mentioned. The first, also very' beautiful and quoted even toaccording to time, was Richard Hooker, day. A poet of tender and melodious a prominent divine, whose chief work is verse, without great faculties of feeling “Ecclesiastical Polity”. Renowned both and imagination, is Robert Herrick, a in prose and in verse is Sir Philip Sidney, clergyman. Another divine, author of known as the author of “Arcadia”, religious poems, is George Herbert, who George Chapman will alway's be remem- was known by the title “Holy George

THE BLACK AND RED.

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Herbert”. Jeremy Taylor, who lived from 1613 to 1667, is most probably the brightest figure of the English church, He led a pure and noble life, and being gifted with brilliant talents he wrote many sermons, which are excellent in every respect. They are still read, but for the greater part only by educated men, since his learned profusion is not underst.ood by the uneducated, “Holy

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Living and Dying”. If only one more author of the second period is to be named, it must be Sir Thomas Browne, the learned physician and essayist. He was bom October Ibth, 1605, and died on his birthday in 1682. “Religio Medid,” “Enquiries into Vulgar Errors,” “The Garden of Cyrus,” and “Christian Morals” are his most famous productions.

R. P. ’03.

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■yyiE die civili.-ierte Welt im verflossenen Jahrhundert Bedeutcndes geleistet hat in politiscber und wirtschaftlicher Ilinsicht, so hat sie aucli auf dem Gebiete der Litteratur zahlrcichc poetische Erzeugnisse aufzuweisen. Ganz besenders ist dies der Pall bei dem dentschen Volkc. Es ist cine stattliche Zahl hochbedeutender Dicliter, die die Deutschen mit Stolz die Ihren nennen, und deren mannigfaltige Schopfungen von grosser Bedcutung sind.

Litteraturgesehichtlich beginnt die neue Zeit der deutschen Dichtung nicht unmittelbar zu Anfang des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts sondern etwaum diedreissiger Jahre. Diese Periode wird gewohnlich als (las silberne Zeitalter der deutsehen Dichtung dem goldenen klassischen gegeniiber bezeichnet. In der ersten Halfte dieses Zeitraumes bot die deutsche Litteratur hauptsachlich ein Bild politischer Unruhe. Dennoch fehlte es nicht an bedeutendenDichtertalenten, die sich einen bleibenden Ruf erwarben.

Unter den Gattnngen der Dichtung erfreutesich in der neuen Zeit keine ciner solclien Pflege wie die Lyrik. In alien deutschen Gauen erklangen Lieder, die heute noch im Volke gelesen und teilweise gesungen werden. Einer der bedeutendsten Lyriker dieser Zeit ist Emanuel Geibel, der im Jahre 1815 zu Lubeck

als Sohn eincs Pfarrers geboren wurde.

Er studierte in Bonn und Berlin Philologie und war dann Hauslehrer bcim russischen Gesandten in A then. Nachdem er 1839 cine Reise nach den Inseln des gricchischen Archipels untemommen hatte, kehrte er nach Lubeck zuriick und veroffentlichte seine ersten Gedichte.

Seine Poesie ist in jeder Beziehung rein und vornehm. Er hat ein Vierteljahrhundert lang als der grosste Dichter seiner Zeit gegolten und hatte aucli als Herold des nationalen Gedankens eine hervorragende Stellungvcrdient. Leider stellt sich das poetische Verdienst Geibels heute nicht alssoiiberausbedeuteud dar, aber er gehort ohne Zweifel zu den talentvollsten Lvrikcr dieses ZeitraumesNeben ihm ist vor alien Ferdinand Freiligrath zu nennen. Er hat Lieder geschaffen, die sich durch ghihende Sprache und interessante Schilderungen aus der Tropenwelt auszeichnen. Er stammte aus dem ersten Jahrzelint des vorigen Jahrhunderts und lebte zuerst in Detmold, dann in Darmstadt und in St. Goar am Rheine. Wiederholt musste er wegen politischer Dichtungen, die er veroffentlicht hatte, nach London fliehen. Im Jahre 1868 kehrte er dauernd nach Deutschland zuriick und starb acht Jahre spater in Cannstatt.

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Eine bedeutende Stellung ninimt Friedrich Bodenstedt ein. Er begann mit Uebersetzungen aus dem Russischen, dann erscliien im Jahre 1850 sein Reisewerk “Tausend und ein Tag im Orient,” in das die Lieder des Mirza Schaffy eingefugt waren. Von den iibrigen Dichtern dieser Gattung mogen ferner noch erwahnt werdeu : Nikolaus Lenau und Anastasius Grun. Im Gegensatz zu der weltlichen Lyrik weist die neue Zeit auch ein reich entwickeltes geistliches Liedauf. Zu den protestantischen geistlichen Liedersangern gehoren Philipp Spitta, Julius Sturm und der Wurttemberger Karl Gerok.

Neben der Lyrik nimmt auch die epische Dichtung einen hervorragenden Rane ein. Der Hauptvertreter des Epos ist Wilhelm Jordan, der die Niebelungen in Stabreimen dichtete. Er wurde 1819 zu Insterburg in Ost Preussen geboren, studierte in Konigsberg zuerst Tlieologie, dann Philosophic und Naturwissenscliaften und trat schon 1841 mit politischen Gedichten hervor. Seine bedeutendsten Werke erscliienen jedoch erst zwanzig Jahre spater.

In der epischen Dichtunguberwiegt die Romanlitteratur, die besonders durch Gustav Freytag Pflege fand. Sein Roman “Die Ahnen” stellt das Leben des deutschen Geschleclits von der Heidenzeit bisin unser Jahrhundert dar. Neben ihm steht Felix Dahn, der Verfasser des geschichtlichen Werkes “Die Konige der Germanen..” Unterden Dichtern, die ihre Stoffe aus der deutschen Vorzeit und Gegenwart entlehnen, ist erwahnenswert Victor von Scheffel. Sein Hauptwerk “Ekknrd,” das im Jahre 1855 zu Heidelherg entstand, ist ohne Zweifel der beste kulturhistorische Roman der deutschen Litteratur, vielleicht sogar der beste historische. Von Georg Ebers haben wir Erzahlungen aus dem deutschen reichsstadtiscben Leben : “Die Frau Burgermeisterm,” “Die Gred” und “Bar-

bara Bloraberg.” Am belianntcsten sind seine beiden agyptischen Romane “Eine agyptische Konigstochter” und “Uarda.”

Die Vertreter derNovelle sind vornehmlich Paul Heyse und Theodor Storm, Zu den volkstumlichen Dichtern gehort Berthold Auerbach, der sich durch seine Schwarzwalder Dorfgeschichten voriibergehenden Ruhm erwarb. Als Dialektdichter ragte Fritz Reuter hervor.

Er schrieb in der Mundart seiner Heimat Mecklenburg. Sein prosaisches Hauptwerk ist: “Ut mine Stromtkl,” denier “Ut mine Festungstid” und “Ut de Franzosentid” hatte vorausgchen lassen.

“Ut de Franzosentid” giebt ein vortreffliches Kulturbild, sein Hauptwert bcruhtjedoch auf der Darstcllung mecklenburgischer Menschen der alteu Zeit im Lichte des Humors, Auch die dramatisclie Poesie bliihte in dem vcrflossenen Jailrhundert. Als dramatische Dicliter sind von Bedeutung Friedrich Hebbel und Otto Ludwig, Beide stammten aus dem zweiten Jahrzehnt des vorigen Jahrhunderts. Hire Dichtung, ihr Drama ist w irk lich gross''ten Stils, sodass manes ohneFurcht mit dem Shakespeares zusammen zu nennen, wenn auch nicht zu vergleichen wagt.

Sie waren es, die das Banner Gothes und Schillers mit sich fuhrten, und die Strasse, die sie gebahnt liaben, ist heute fast die einzig besclireitbare geworden. Die bedeutendsten Dramen Hebbels sind : “Judith”, “Genovefa” und “Maria Magdalena.” Sie erscliienen zwisclien den Jahren 1840 und 1860. Otto Ludwig schrieb 1853 sein Meisterwerk, “Erbforster,” dem ein Jahr spater “Die Maceabaer” folgte. Eine hervorragende Stellung nimmt Franz Grillparzer, Oesterreichs Klassiker, als Dramatiker ein. Durch seineDramen “Die Ahnfran,” “Das goldene Vliess” und “Konig Ottokars Gluck und Bade” ist die dramatische Poesie urn Wertvolles bereicbert

THE BLACK AND RED.

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worden. Gustav Freytag, der schon als erfolgreicher Roinanschreiber erwahnt wurde, hat aitch als Dramatiker Bedeutendes geleistet. Als weniger bedeutend konnen die Dramen Gutzkows “Uriel Acosta” nnd “Der Konigslieutenant” genannt werden. Als Dramatiker gelten ferner noch Greif, Gottschall und Ernst von Wildenbruch.

Dieser allgemeine Ucberblick mag er-

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kennen lassen, dass es auf dem Gebiete der Poesie wahrend des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts nicht an hervorragenden Erscheinungen fehlte. Nicht alle Genannten, deren Zahl naturlich noch bedeutend zu vermehren ware, werden heute als grosse Dichter angesehen, aber alle zusammen ergeben doch das glanzende Bild einer bedeutendeii litterarischen Kulturperiode.

A. W. S. ’02.

Societies. musical Societies. $

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■jyjUSIC, like other fine arts, has suf­ fered much in popular estimation and in its best influence by the fact that it is so generally used simply as a minis­ ter or servant of idle grtifications, without any systematic attempt to measure or direct its power as the lan­ guage and the educer of the highest emotion. It is of all arts the one most remarkably developed at the present stage in the worlds civilization, generally in connection with certain general deportments of practical life.

At our college music is not only exercised for the benefit the student derives from it but mostly for pastime. This is mostly attributed to the fact that we have no permanent teacher of music, We have had a teacher for about a week in January to teach the band and orchestra. Just before he left us again a concert was given with only a week’s practice. Although the concert was not what it ought to have been it nevertheless showed the good will of the students. During the week before the con-

cert the orchestra and also the band had an hour’s rehearsal every day. The im­ provements made in this short time were wonderful. If the societies keep on improving as much as they have, there are good prospects for an excellent band and orchestra by the end of the last term.

The football season had much to say against the practice of the individual during the first term of the school year, because the greater number of the football players also were members of the band. But as we have an hour’s practice every day there is not much time left for individual practice, especially not for those who were members to both the orchestra and the band, At present Prof. Wm. Weimar has taken charge of the orchestra and the band. The societies have decided to get Mr. Grethen, our former teacher, for four more weeks. If we would have a permanent teacher, we could expect much more in the line of music. As yet there is very little accomplished; but we expect to do a little more in the near future.

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JT is a very gratifying circumstance for every enthusiastic promoter of liter­ ary interests at our school, that the work of the literary society is more and more getting to be an object of general interest and discussion among the stu­ dents. Lack of harmony is one thing we can still complain of, but now that we have the world, so to speak, we will be quite willing to get along without the fence for a while. The intricacies of parliamentary law seem to be becoming clear, we are glad to notice, but that in­ dispensable sense of order and propriety in formal proceedings is not yet very prominently evident. The fact that nothing can be regularly brought before a deliberative assembly, except by means of motions, resolutions, or petitions is being too generally lost sight of. It is to be hoped that provision will be made in the near future for dividing our work into strictly formal deliberative meetings on the one hand, and informal affairs that would give every opportunity for essay-reading, general discussion, and so 01? the,other* , , There has been some heated deputing as to the praet.cab.hty of .ntroducmg subjects other than literary ones for debate. It would cerlamly be more in accordance with the avowed purpose of the socety to keep out non-hterary mataSfm^.C. aS.„I3°.SS1 e' 16 Prese“ state of affairs, if allowed to go on, will . ..... ° \ ,, soon make the name “literary societv” ,,T i . f ' a misnomer. We ought to have more , , . .. , literature, and we ought especially to . ., ’ . . , , . i i mate 1 a pom ^ o ’e^P in ou^ W1 1 the hterary affa,rs of the present day Another thing that has aroused dis­ cussion is the rendering of their decisions by the judges of debate. Misunderstand­ ings are disagreeable, and no one who has tried to consider the claims of each side impartially, is over-much pleased at hearing the decision set down as “a

rotten one.” If the participants in a debate would take care not to bring up subjects that can be considered from several different points of view, or on which the majority of the audience are strongly prejudiced, either for or against, a great deal of unpleasantness might be avoided. And, by the way, if that much abused “previous question” were given a rest occasionally, we would save much trouble and unnecessary delay.

After all this criticising it is rather pleasant to report that our last meeting was well attended, especiall}' by the co­ eds, of whom we hope to have a good number with us as members soon. Mr. Arendt is to be credited with having provided a most interesting program, while the society remains indebted to the quartet for an exceedingly well ren­ dered song.

In one of the meetings of the society jn January it was suggested to celeforate the birthday of Washington, Xhe suggestion met with universal approbation and the societv at once proceeded to considcr the undertaking. It was thought best to arrange an entertainment t0 be held in the chapcI. Two cormnittees were appoillted to arrange the program and to decorate the hall, The t of the committees on Febru.

9tl showed their earnest work and their good success. Music by the balld and the orchestra, song by the quartet, _ j ° , essays and acclamations will surely con^ stitute an appropriate program. The _ , . . , , . . entertainment will be given m the chapel _ . o-. j on Thursday evening, .February 21, and friends, who wish to celebrate with the b are invited to attend.

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J)RILLING is continued in the gvmnasium regularly three times a week throughout the winter. The hour of

THE BLACK AND RED. drill on Wednesday evening is devoted mainly to marching with the band.

The setting-up exercises, which have been introduced this year, have proved to be very valuable in giving to the ca­ det the required alacrity. They are a novelty and have created considerable interest.

On February 22, the company will not fail to fire a salute in honor of George Washington.

Lately another shipment of uniforms have arrived, shipped by the Pettibone Bro’s. Mfg. Co., Cincinnati.

Color Sergeant, Ewald Macheel, has returned to college and is filling his po­ sition on the staff.

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On February 5th, Rev. Bading of Mil­ waukee called at college.

Geo. W. Hauschild, ’00, has begun his second semester at Columbia University, where he is registered under the faculty of Political Science.

Dr. F. W. A. Notz went to Winona, Minn., February 7th.

Hermann Frank, ’01, and Mark Notz, ’03, went to Milwaukee, January 22nd to attend the Chicago Orchestra con­ cert at the Alhambra.

William Krause, formerly teacher at Neils ville, Wis., was installed on January 27th, as assistant teacher at the paro­ chial school of Manitowoc, Wis. Mr.-----Arendt, of Marshfield, Wiscon­ sin, called at college, February 4th, to visit his son, Albert, ’02.

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Frederick Laatcli, formerly of the class of ’02, died at his home in this city on the 13th of February. He al­ ways stood in the high esteem of his classmates and student friends, and his unexpected death was a sad shock to his old college acquaintances.

The Seniors and Juniors have begun their course in English elocution.

A college quartette, consisting of the Messrs. A. Pfund, first tenor; J. Pieper, second tenor; P. Oehlert, first base; and H. A. Frank, second base; has recently been organized.

Victor Yahr, ’05 Ac., visited his parents at Princeton, February 2nd.

personal. $ On Feb. 20, A. Paap, ’05, returned to college. Miss Leona Brandt from this city entered on the same da}\

The Badger base ball team has organ­ ized for the coming season, choosing Martin Baumann, ’05, as captain.

Arnold Schultz, ’02, and Oswald Oerding, ’02, celebrated their birthday at the * latter’s home on February 10th.

Ernst Ph. Dornfeld, ’04, visited his Rev. Chr. Sauer of Juneau, Wisconsin, parents at Kenosha on Wednesday, called on his brother and sons at college, January 23rd; he returned the following while attending the conference, January Saturday.

20th.

On January 22ud Geo. Speerbrecher, Prof, and Mrs. William Weimar at­ ’04, and Robt. E. Lohr, ’05, went to tended the concert given b3* the Chicago Milwaukee to attend the funeral of a Orchestra at Milwaukee, January 22nd. friend and relative.

Rev. 0. H. Koch of Columbus, Wis., visited his son, Hugo, ’03, at the alma mater on January 30th.

Rev. Kirchner was a visitor at the home of Prof, and Mrs. O. Hoyer on January 30th.

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THE BLACK AND RfiD.

August Blauck, of Monterey, Wis., called, February 9th, on his cousin, Martin Raascli, ’03.

Reinold Bintc, *07, Fred Stern, ’06, J. Wuethrich, ’07, "visited their respective parents at Iron Ridge, Wis., on January 28th.

The Messrs'. William and George Vick, of Columbus, Wis., paid a visit, on Jan­ uary 27th, to their college friends, Hugo Koch, ’03, and Reinold Pieper, ’03.

The class of ’06 is taking an elementary course in Geometry.

While at the alma mater on occasion of a conference on January 31st, the Rev. Knuth of Milwaukee and Rev. Meyer of Beaver Dam paid a visit to the orchestra and band during their practice hour.

Miss Meta Werner has taken up a course in German with the Freshmen.

The Misses Melzer and Ryan are taking elocution with the Sophomore and Freshmen class.

At the dedication of a new church organ at Kaukauna Januar}' 27, Prof.

Julius Gamm preached the sermon in the forenoon service.

On Sunday, January 20, Prof. Julius Garam attended the dedication of the new church at Ridgeville near Tomah, preaching the English sermon in the eve­ ning.

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Class pins !

Camera pictures !

You horrible Swede !

Smiles and bows on the third floor !

Moike, when you blow your horn, you hold your mouth just like a frog, How is it that our friend Buck gets so many letters from Columbus ?

Combwood : “Das zweite Buch Mosis heisst Oxidus, nu jell deine dummen Wege !”

Look out “Spotty,” you’ll make an ink spot on your desk.

Ex-praeses: Well, I did get up in time.

The latest out, a handsome jumpingjack; for particulars apptyto the donor.

Mr. Max Michaels, ’99, who is study­ ing theology at the seminary in Wauwatosa, occupied the pulpit in the Lutheran church at Marshall, Wis. On his return to Wauwatosa he called on friends at college.

Oily: “Do you stud}' with your ’’ Moike : “No, always study with my head.”

On February 3, at the usual english services in St. Marks church Professor Julius Gamm preached the sermon. In spite of the raging blizzard there was a good attendance.

New novelties in the lamp line. Call at the office of Prof. Ballhorn and assistant Mark Twain Jr.

William Luebcke, ’03, Ewald Macheel, ’01, Ac., C. Sauer, ’04’ and W. Haase, ’06, were on the sick list lately.

The Seniors have presented to the col­ lege a beautiful flag. It is 18 feet long and 9 feet wide.

Im Speisesaal Engliscli zu reden, scheint ein teures Vergniigen zu sein.

Rich, only got as far as the pump when he had to say good bye.

Prof, (to student of the fair sex): “Do you know the meaning of the word “beau ?”

She: “No sir.”

Prof. : “Well, you’ll find out some time,”

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Ask ‘Pastor’ how often he is going to have his picture taken before he’ll have his whiskers cut.

Who was the new Prof, in the faculty room on Wednesday, February 6, dur­ ing the fourth recitation?

I was invited for a sleighing party, but came up just five minutes too late.

He is not so strong, but he is limber as a whip. But somebody found it different.

Wat hey ! the Juniors are trying in vain to improve on their superlabial ap­ pendage.

I surely thought my teeth were floating!

Junior A: She is a pretty girl.

Junior B: What kind of a girl is she?

Is she black complected?

Our college barber is the proud pos­ sessor of a complete barber’s outfit and he kindly solicits the patronage of all students. First class work guaranteed.

Why will Scipio have no more of de­ bating ?

Ever since his promotion Stubbs gets a new knife and fork at the table, at times he also gets a box of delicious candy.

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Nand}'’s disappointment in the last literary meeting is truly worthy of con­ dolence; he had hardly overcome the re­ cent misfortune when a new one befell him.

Moikc has been appointed chief tobac­ co-sponger of the international smokingclub.

All efforts are being made to make the newly organized club “Bluejays Select”, of which Tom, Fritz, and Stubby are the most ardent supporters, a howling suc­ cess.

The dam overflew.

I wonder why people wind wire around a post. Ask the “Joker.”

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I will not “apologize” your laundry if \*ou don’t take care.

“There is no such thing as a ‘dr}' study', but there is such a thing as a ‘dry person’” are the cruel words somebody had to digest a few weeks ago.

I guess I’ll have to get a coat like Hans’s. This stuff wears out too fast.

I have worn it only three years.

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I opened my mouth last night and a molecule sailed in.

The “Chow Chow” base ball team has been organized and is filling the First Team with surprise and fear.

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Porter, our great natural scientist, has discovered a new kind of winds, “the anticyclonic cyclones. ’ ’

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Ask Bimmel if he remembers “M. G.” Does L. L. still attend “row” call?

When will you be at the end of your rope, Kelly?

On Corns.

Corns are of two kinds : vegetable and animal. Vegetable corn grows in rows, and animal corn grows on toes.

There are several kinds of corn : there is unicorn, capricorn, popcorn, corn dod­ gers, cornfield, and the corn which is the corn you feel the most. It is said that gophers like corn, but persons having corn do not like to “go fur” if they can help it. Corns have kernels and some colonels have corns. Vege­ table corn grows on ears, but animal corn grows on feet at the other end of the body. Another kind of corn is the acorn. This is the most peculiar kind of corn; it grows on oaks, but there is no hoax about the com. The acorn is corn with the indefinite article attached to it. Try it and see. But when we speak of acorn we generally mean not

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THE BLACK AND RED.

198

& the acorn that grows on trees, but the The Largest Assortment of ' acorn that has netlier extremities and POCKET KNIVES, locomotion. Many a man, when he has RAZORS, RAZOR STRAPS, a corn, wishes it were an acorn, but not an aching corn.

SHAVING BRUSHES, and Folks that have corns sometimes send SPORTING GOODS for a doctor, and if the doctor himself is To be had in the city. corned, he probably won’t do so well as Call and sec us. if he isn’t. The doctor says corns are produced by tight shoes, which is the reason why, when a man is ‘‘tight,” ^ they say he is corned. If a farmer man­ Wiu. Kohls.

Otto II. Nownck. ages well he can get a good deal of corn on a acre, but I know of a farmer that has one corn that makes the biggest :| USUPERT ASCEFIS j acher on his farm. The bigger crop of And Dearies In all kinds of vegetable corn a man raises, the better he likes it; but the bigger crop of animal FURNITURE and COFFINS JSSTNlght Calls promptly attended to by Otto II. com he raises, the better he doesn’t like it.

Nownck, one door south of St. Marks' Church or Another kind of corn is the corn dodg­ Win. Kolils, 433 College Avo. 610 Main Street, er. The way it is made is very simple, ::::::::: WATERTOWN, WIS. and — that is if you want to know—it is as follows: You go along the street and © meet a girl you know has a corn and a rough character; then you step on the toe that has the corn on it and sec if you don’t have • occasion to dodge. In 1 that way'- y^ou find out what a corn Dealers in dodger is. She will tell you the rest.

DRY GOODS

D. & F. KU8EL CO.

NGWACK & KOHLS

I

Jmdztkz & Grams GROCERIES and Provisions

i

pi exchanges.

All Goods delivered promptly to all parts of the City, free of charge : : : :

The ninth annual chess tournament between Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Columbia, held at the Columbia Gram­ mar School, New York, Dec. 27, 28, and 29, was won by Columbia with two and one-half points to spare. Harvard and Princeton tied for second place and Yale finished last.

TONSORIAL ARTIST:::

^

Simon f. Bloch, 117 Third Street, Watertown,

Wisconsin -

Trea % KecK % 0o.

WATERTOWN’S BIG FUR N J7URE STORE. 110-112 Main Street, Watertown,Wis.

Matertown ©hoe ©tore

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H great Sayitis...

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Because We manufacture our own Shoes and you get them at the same prices that we offer to the retail dealer....

Mm. ©order Co., props. < Give us a trial and be convinced of our fine line of

BITTER SWEET CHOCOLATE CREAM

,* CANDY.,* At the Cash Grocer,

JOHN E. HEISMANN 115 Main Street, Watertown.

Ok 5?a»See ATTENTION STUDENTS

I

Star

Eauiulry

Will do your Collars and Cuffs in firstclass style and at reasonable rates :::: t

“THE BRIDGE” Center of Main St. JBridge.

Five Baths for $1.

ALSO ALL SORTS OF FRUITS IN SEASON

RBJRE3S3J35®SR3SS5I33

Barber $ftep and BatD Roon!$.jgSg

There are no saw edges on collars, when we get through with them.

410 E. Main.

DAVE LEE

J. C. Saeger, Prop.

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Louis F. Spaugentoerg, Proprietor of the

€a$t end Censorial Parlor

KHAKIE FOR

53 Main St., WATERTOWN, WIS.

SKPING

Gaittitfs Reliable Drug Store

A Cool Serviceable and Economical Uniform for Spring and Summer.

is next to Post Office.

Everything pure, fresh, and up to date.

A large line of CIGARS,

Price §5.50.

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jfcsT Tour patronage respectfully solicited.

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Smoke

Trousers should be ordered soon.

Wiggenhorn Bros.,

Send at once for Circular No. 24-2.

Badger State Cigar.

Che Pettlbone 01*0$. Illfg. go., CINCINNATI, 0., U. S. A.

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Exchange Barber Shop |^333aga33EEEEEEEE3223a3aa33!2;3||J

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our til?/

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Dr. O. WOLFBUM, DENTIST.

Steam £aundry, |

B h a Phone 56-1. 2 Main St., Watertown, Wis. {§ BffiGEEEBBEEannniaaaaEEEGntanaBaaall

313 Main Street.

Over Gruetrmacher’s Store.

Watertown, Wis.

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AND GENT'S FURNISHING GOODS Are all in now.

The early buyer has the best selection.

Come and examine our large stock.

Scbiffier & Ulegeitiann 217 Main cor. Third Sts.

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Springy?

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Don’t you feci like putting off the well worn garments you have been covering up with an outside coat, eh? :: :: :: ::

Come Right Here, "We are Dramming for Trade.

We can tog you out in fine fettle, and at so small an outlay, that you will really be surprised. Our Clothing is honest in every thread and we give you an honest return for everry penny left with us. Our New Spring Suits will make you feel “Springy” if 3'ou take a look at them. :: :: :: ::

Hertel & Hoffmann 107 Main Street.

.

datertown Shoe Store n

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PHOTOS — go to —

Donner Bros., g

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©0O(SO©©®O®S©©©3(iXSGXi>©S>3©®©S©SGX5X3« Jkh8k Stone, V.-Prcs,

Wm. Bochheit, Pres't.

F. E. Woodard, Cmhier.

E. J. Brandt, 2d V.-Pres.

Bank of Watertown, Incorporated May 1st 1S5I.

200 First St. Telephone 39.

Opp. Commercial Hotel.

$75,000.00

Capital and Surplus.

WATERTOWN, WJS.

BRANDT’S

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Stoves and Ranges

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are guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction; hundreds are in use in this vicinity and the sale is on the increase.

Sold By

GLASS- $ m CROCKERY, Wg WARE, LAMPS, ^ 8 1 8S 51 Jff g BAR GOODS, j» * * | n g 8$0

Stoneware, Flower Pots, Etc*

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Fresh Chocolates Put Up In Fancy Boxes a Specialty........

117 West Main St.,

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E. C. HEYN,

Watertown, Wis.

£3 L2 L W E B Li U

CONFECTIONERY.

Dealer in Minnesota Flour.

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217 N. Second street,

Watertown, Wis.

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Volume IV.

Watertown, Wisconsin, March, 1901.

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Number 10.

Board of Editors.

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Edw. II. Buerger, ’01, Editor-in-C4iicf.

H. A. Frank, ’01,

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Adolph Pfund, ’02, Business Manager.

H. W. Luebcke, ’01,

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Theo. H. Schroedel, ’02,

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Salomon A. Jedele, ’02,

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Edmund Bliefernicht, ’03.

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Tl»e Blnok nn<l R ed Is published monthly during tho school year by the Btudenta of the Northwestern Uni­ versity. Subscription price, 50 cents per annum In advance. Advertising rates furnished on application.

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All literary matter should bo directed to tho Editor-In-Chief, business letters to the Business Manager. Subscribers will please give notice of change of address, and when falling to receive the Black and Hod regularly, notify us at once.

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Printed by I). Blumonfeld «fc Son. Entered at the Post Office of Watertown. WIs.. ns second-class matter.

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4

H] Editorial

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A LTIIOUGH the close of the school year may seem to be far away, yet the thought of it already occupies in no small degree the mind of the senior. Final examination and commencement are ideas, which remind him of the large amount of work there is yet in store for him. With a feeling of duty towards their obligations in this respect, the represeutatives of the senior class on the board of editors are ready to transmit their responsibilities as to the Black and Red to the new staff. In taking this step they feel, however, by no means indifferent. It recalls to their memories all their experiences as editors, and it is but natural that they leave the work which has become dear to them with some signs of reluctance. As Freshmen how did they shudder at the idea that the wprld was to read the trifling productions of their yet uncultivated minds,

They have often felt how difficult it is to do your duty as an editor and to devote the required amount of time to your studies at the same time. Much benefit is derived from proof reading, but at times it requires a good deal of patience and forbearance. To the seniors a relief from these responsibilities is welcome, but they cannot help but pause to reflect on their past experiences as editors. The new staff is already organized and the April number will be its first issue. Their senior colleagues, who are now to leave them, anticipatea successful }rear for the Black and Red. *5*

the fourth of this mouth President McKinley entered upon a second term. For another four years he is to be the first citizen of our republic. He has again sworn to execute faithfully the

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THE BLACK AND RED.

office of President of the United States, and to the best of his ability to protect, preserve, and defend the Constitution, Since Grant this is the first instance of no change in the administration. And truly this inauguration has been cele­ brated more than any before. As usual it has been the occasion of all great men of this country to meet. Senators and representatives, governors from nearly all the states, people from all directions crowded into the Federal City, to witness that solemn act in which one man took upon himself the responsibility of eighty millions and swore to govern them as they have set forth in tliatgrand old document, the Constitution. Ambassadors from all countries ofthe world, representatives of all colors and nations assembled before the portico of the Capitol to get a glimpse at that man who is to stand at the head of the greatest republic on earth. Washington had donned its best apparel to welcome its eager guests. And, indeed, the splendor exhibited there is well becoming our country. Every new inauguration marks a step in the development of the United States. With their growth has also grown the grandeur of this quadrennial act. Simple and unostentatious was the inauguration ofour first President, when onfy thirteen feeble states were there to cheer the fallen of our countiy. But evervsucceedingyearhasseenanincrcase in the magnificence exhibited on that fourth of March. But this has not caused it to lose any of its solemnity. Thegreat import of the devolvement ofsuch duties has not diminished with the increase of the inaugural exercises. Whatever may have been the last four 3^ears of the administration, and no one can govern without faults, let it be our most fervent wish that the experience gained may tend to make the coming term successful. Let us shut up party spirit in the recesses of our heart for four years

at least. Always step in to do the right and correct the wrong, but never censure your own country to gratify your party spirit on account of some petty dissension. o6 /TfHE recent donations of large sums A of mone}' for charitable purposes b\' Andrew Carnegie have again caused people to consider the value and use of riches. Value and use of riches, taken rightly, can never be separated, for of what value are countless treasures of wealth, if the possessor makes no use of them. “Riches,” as an eminent English philosopher said, “not put into use are nothing more than a baggage to virtue and hinder its progress.” To seek alter riches, therefore, without the aim of pu tting them to good use, is an absurdity which, thanks to the good turn the views of men are taking in the new century, will be committed less often lieneeforth. Yet, the question remains, whetlier all that see the folly of hoarding up wealth simply to gratify their avarice also see the right use of them. Here, we find, Mr. Carnegie has followed the right path, he plainfy saw the truth of Sir Francis Bacon’s principle, that of great riches there is no real use, except it be in the distribution. But he saw another truth; men ought not defer the da}r lor doing so until after death. Men are want to set aside sums of money for charitable purposes, plans to be carried out after he that formed them has passed away. The original idea will in most cases not be fully grasped and naturally will fall short of being carried out as was intended, besides the heirs, finding their portion diminished by such acts of charity, often cause trouble. The pro­ per time, therefore, to come to the aid of mankind is during the life of the benefactor. To say that men should leave the major portion, if not the whole of

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THE BLACK AND RED. his wealth, to his kindred is wrong also; especially with young men, who are not well up in judgment, the bad effect is most apparent; wealth is a lure for all kinds of birds of prey that seize on them at every opportunity. Again the man that enjoys the fruits of another man’s harvest can hardly appreciate the labor spent in preparing it; he himself is not forced to enter into the hardships of life and to learn the value of work. Such men usually become unenergetic lovers of sport and pastimes and are chacterized by a great lack of independence. The rich man can, therefore, best serve his heirs by leaving them a moderate por­ tion of his wealth. For the remainder, he has abundant opportunities to em­ ploy it in the service of mankind in general, as, forinstance, to aid the work of churches and schools, or to better the conditions of the laboring classes. In the last instance Mr. Carnegie has set a brilliant example by turning over millions for the good of those who so faithfully served him during his period of active life. ^

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TJVER since three years ago we are A-* incessantly waging a war on the Philippine Islands. Continually we were getting favorable news from our generals and, although predicted hundreds of times, the end has not come yet. Again and again the subtle Aguinaldo escapes from the grasp of our generals and it seems impossible ever to catch him. His countrymen are bound to have freedom and liberty and fight for it with as much zeal, as our fore­ fathers fought for their independence one hundred years ago. It is not only the army of the Filipinos, that is desi­ rous for liberty, but also the non-com­ batants are anxious to see their land independent and under its own flag and government. And would it perhaps not

be better to give them independence ?

And could we not retire from the war with honor ? One cannot tell how long the fight moy last yet as the Filipinos are now more confident than ever.

Through our senators, Teller and Hoar, th y have presented to congress a pe­ tition, signed by over two thousand Filipinos — by lawyers, bankers, mer­ chants, former officers, and many re­ nowned men. In this petition they try to explain that the insurrection is not only a cause upheld by a few, but that it is a national movement; that our sovereignty is acknowledged by no class of the people; that they will fight till they have obtained their object, namely, liberty. Even General MacArthur says that the situation is from day to day becoming more hopeless.

At first it only seemed, as if a part of the inhabitants were hostile, but now as they get more and more into the island and among the people, they find that every class is in favor of war and that they are most ardently attached to their leader. May it end one wajr or the other, but let us hope to have peace very soon. &

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T TARDLY aware of the fact that the * A winter has passed away, we are already ending the weather of spring, a season, in which sports plajr an im­ portant part at all colleges. Judging from our exchanges, the schools are all preparing for their work on the campus and this ought to incite our athletes to more expedition. Baseball teams have been organized but thus far only little interest has been shown in regard to a track team. Various suggestions have been made, but a definite plan has not as 3ret been adopted. The attempt made last year was fair, and as there is some good material at our disposal we have reason to believe that prospects this year are still better.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

Literary tbe new gommonwcaitl) of Australia.

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HE downfall or the birth of a nation is certainly a thing which ought not to be overlooked by anyone, least of all by a scholar or a student of histo­ ry. It is quite natural that many peo­ ple should think that a political change occurring among a people occupying a distant country can be of little moment to the rest of the world, but to a student, I should think, such a thing would be of great interest. Much has been written on the political situation of England, and her downfall in this century has been prophesied over and over again.

Therefore it ought to be of interest to us to see how another nation has been created, which will perhaps be able to take England’s place among the nations of the world before the close of the pre­ sent century.

On New Year’* Da}r the first great in­ ternational political event of the new century occurred. This was the formal institution of the New Commonwealth of Australia, by the inauguration of the Earl ofHopetown as first Go vernor-general. This federation is the result of a movement which began many years ago, when Australia was only a pastoral community. Ten years ago a constitu­ tion was drafted, but it failed to secure the support of all the colonies and the entire scheme lapsed till 1S98, when a convention met in Melbourne and fram­ ed the present constitution.

The new commonwealth of four and onehalf million inhabitants just estab­ lished in the continent of the South I’a-

cific is the youngest of the nations of the world. It is less than eighty years old.

Like our country it is comprised of sta­ tes. All of the Australian colonies, namely, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, West Australia and North Australia are the states which form this confederation. New Zealand is the only colony which has not joined the commonwealth as yet.

Who ever thought that Great Britain would ever grant to one of her great colonies in Asia a constitution framed after the American model ? But this has not only been the case, but the Bri­ tish Parliament is now freely and with enthusiasm taking part in setting up this great federation.

Omitting Alaska and our new depen­ dencies, the new commonwealth is terri­ torially nearty as large as the United States. It has a white population of about four millions. It has to-dajr a larger population than the colonies of America had, when the}' rid themselves of the British yoke. Fifty years ago Australia was nothing more than a pastoral community, whose flocks were scattered widely over an unexplored country, supposed by most people to be a vast desert, and looked upon even by its own little band of pioneers, as only fit for raising sheep and cattle. Even now it is a people, small in numbers, when compared with the size of its ter­ ritory, but energetic, enterprising, ambi­ tious, and already wealthy beyond the experience of other countries or the

THE BLACK AND RED.

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dreams of most other nations. They have occupied the belt of land that en­ circles their island over a coast line of eight thousand miles with a width of about one hundred and fifty miles; they have established agriculture suited to its varied climates. But this part is only sparsely settled, while the interior is inhabited only by a few herdsmen and miners. In the inner part of Austra­ lia great mineral treasures, hardly sur­ passed iii richness elsewhere in the world have been discovered and developed.

Harbors have been opened, which are large enough to contain the navies of the world. It is no exaggeration to say that the achievements of the people of Australia in the last seventy years are unsurpassed by those of almost any other nation. Australia, too, has al­ ready fourteen thousand and five hun­ dred miles of railway, and all these are owned by the state government.

At the moment of her entry on a poli­ tical career as a united commonwealth, she is by far the most w’ealtli3r and pro­ gressive of all British colonies, and she also, more than aii3r other, shares that wealth through trade with England.

Already^ the trade of her four millions with Great Britain is nearl3r as great as that of India’s hundreds of millions and more than twice as large as that of Canada. It is evident also that beyond any other of England’s great possessions, Australia can be relied on to S3rmpatliize with her in any difficulty, and to support her to the utmost with men and moneys as she has shown in the Boer War. Al­ though most of the inhabitants of Aus­ tralia have not seen their mother countr3r, they seem to sympathize more with her than do any of the other colonies.

As to the government of the new com­ monwealth, it is more democratic than that of the United States. Under its constitution the executive power is vest­ ed, as in Canada, in a governor-general,

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appointed by the Crown, and this is as­ sisted by a cabinet called the Federal Executive Council. The governor-gene­ ral has not the powder that the president of our country has. He has a veto pow­ er, but he must act, even in vetoing a bill, as he is advised by the ministers.

Practically, the parliament of the com­ monwealth is supreme. The parliament consists of two houses: a Senate com­ prised of six senators from each state, chosen for six years by direct popular vote; and a house of representatives, the members of which are elected for three3rears, the apportionment being ac­ cording to the population, each district having a minimum representation of five. The result of electing these repre­ sentatives by direct popular vote will be to bring the people more in touch with their parliament, and the parliament will feel the power of public opinion more.

In the Australian commonwealth al­ most complete power of administration and legislation is vested in the states.

Each state has its own parliament and its own supreme court and these courts may appeal to the Federal Supreme Court or the High Court of Australia, which has even more ample powers than the Supreme Court of the United States.

Appeal may also be had from the decis­ ions of the High Court to the Privy Council of Great Britain, except in mat­ ters affecting the Australian constitu­ tion. In order to deal with trade and commerce between states an Inter State Commission is appointed by the gover­ nor-general, which holds office for seven years.

We have seen that Australia possesses ever3'thiug to make it a big and import­ ant nation in the future. It is a conti­ nent b3ritself, is inhabited by an energet­ ic people, has immense wealth, and great resources to develop more. The commonwealth has practically all the

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THE BLACK AND RED.

powers of self-government possessed by the United States. The only two links which connect her with the mother country are the appointment of the governor-general by the King, and in some limited cases the right of appeal to the Privy Council of Great Britain from the decisions of the Federal Supreme

Court of Australia. Everything seems to be in favor of Australia becoming a great nation, but I will leave it to the future to decide, whether Australia will take a great stride and soon become one of the leading powers of the East, or be in a hundred years from now what our country is to-day.

4* £ 4* fl OHMer Landscape.

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A FTER a tedious day in the class grand. So frostbound does the scene *V room, I threw my skates over my appear, that you could fancy the gentle shoulder and started out for the ice with flow of the water was checked forever.

Farther up the glassy river an old several of my fellow-students. As we reached the top of the hill, on whose wooden bridge, clothed in its wintry slope the University buildings stand, garment, takes our sight anew, — a and passed the water tower of the cit}r, most fascinating rural picture.

Casting our eyes to the left, we see v our ever open eyes were taken with a fancy for the scenery spread out before another bridge, though not of such old structure, but a thoroughfare of more them. ✓ The Rock river in its evanescent glory modern type. At the farther end of this lay stretched before us at the foot of the artificial crossing is the site of an old other more abrupt declivity of the hill. mill, but only a few boards, almost The steep descent before us and the buried under the deep snow, now mark gently swelling country under its snowy its existence. cover beyond the glassy stream, afford­ Right in front, surrounded by the ed us a most exquisite winter landscape. river flowing under its icy cover, is an Immediately to our right the hill is cut island, planted with trees, — a dreary, by a road, and the snowdrifts by its but beautiful picture of winter scenery. side, moulded by nature’s hand, form an t/This oval-shaped isle, stretched length­ almost perpendicular wall with an over­ wise in the river, is artistic through hanging ledge. nature itself and is trimmed by the At a distance, somewhat to our right, hands of man directed b}' some fantastic is a dam, upon which the water, madly muse. plunging, has been checked by the sever­ On the north end is a clump of ever­ ity of the cold. The -whole sheet of the green trees, their green branches bend­ dashing water is now a structure of ing almost to the ground by the weight crystals, frozen as it tumbled down in of the snow. This beautifully arranged its rocky bed below. The boulders be­ group looks so solemn, that it reminds low are coated with icc and sparkle us of the sacred groves of the nymphs with the same clear transparency. This of old, or, what is more fresh in our irregular crystal wall seems to be hewn memory, of the quaint Christmas festiv­ out of granite, white as pearl, by a most ities. The other trees, robbed of their consummate sculptor. The grotesque summer foliage and standing there figures, formed by nature, are simply naked and bare, fledged with, icy

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THE BLACK AND RED. feathers, are scattered more thinly over this romantic piece of earth. There is not a bird to be seen in the branches and the trees seem to be mourning for their gay singing.

Towards the other end of the island is an old windmill with the snow on its wooden frame-work glittering in the last rays of the winter sun. The foun­ tain, surrounded by a large basin, now seems to be sleeping, wrapt in its snowy

209

mantle. The pavillion in this silent little grove looks like a temple of the ancient gods. The bandstand, destitute of its merry musicians, seems mourning for brighter days gone by.

The whole panorama gives us a thrill­ ing picture of winter beauty. If we*^ term summer the season of poetry, we cannot term winter anything less than poetry written in prose form.

A. G. T. S. ’03.

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'T^HE student of ecclesiastical history' A in America may well pause in dis­ may before the multitude of sects and minor organizations, b}r whose estab­ lishment the Christian church has be­ come dismembered. The slightest shades of belief have often resulted in separatism although the larger assemblages differ at times widely in their formulated faith as well as in their observances. The cause of this great diversity in the re­ ligious thought of the New World is to be found in the natural operation of re­ publican institutions, which foster the freest development of individual thought and action, except they be subversive of public morals or an obvious infringe­ ment of statutory provisions.

The reports of the Xlth United States Census give data for forty-nine religious denominations, fifteen of which are di­ vided into 109 sub-denominations; in addition, 156 independent religious con­ gregations, not commonly recognized as defined denominations, are enumerated in this report — a total of 299. The Jews, Theosophists, and some of the small societies and congregations are, besides the Chinese temples, the only non-Christian bodies included in this number; of these, the Chinese temple, the Joss house, is the most striking ex­ ample.

Every Chinese temple is a house of prayer or worship, but no sermon is de­ livered, no priest installed, no religious instructions are given, and no seating accomodations provided. There is al­ ways at least one shrine, the more fre­ quented temples having several ; the worshipers do not meet in a body, nor is any particular time set for devotion.

No register is kept of the members.

Nevertheless these temples are usually well supported; the revenues are de­ rived largely from the privileges sold at auction to the highest bidder. Thus the privilege of selling for the Lung-kongkung-saw of San Francisco brought $12,375. A large sum of money is also received from the incense sticks, candles and sacrificial papers which are used for various purposes. The yearly income of one of these temples is said to be about $25,000. If we take in consider­ ation that the expenses are comparative­ ly small, it is not at all surprising that some of them have accumulated an im­ mense amount of money.

When in doubt concerning any particu­ lar course of action, they are careful to consult their gods and patron saints.

Ever}r worshiper provides himself with incense sticks, candles and sacrificial paper; the candles and sticks are lighted and placed in their proper receptacles.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

powers of self-government possessed by the United States. The only two links which connect her with the mother country are the appointment of the governor-general by the King, and in some limited cases the right of appeal to the Privy Council of Great Britain from the decisions of the Federal Supreme

Court of Australia. Everything seems to be in favor of Australia becoming a great nation, but I will leave it to the future to decide, whether Australia will take a great stride and soon become one of the leading powers of the East, or be in a hundred years from now what our country is to-day.

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A FTER a tedious day in the class grand. So frostbound does the scene room, I threw my skates over my appear, that you could fancy the gentle shoulder and started out for the ice with flow of the water was checked forever.

Farther up the glassy river an old several of my fellow-students. As we reached the top of the hill, on whose wooden bridge, clothed in its wintry slope the University buildings stand, garment, takes our sight anew, — a and passed the water tower of the city, most fascinating rural picture.

Casting our e}'es to the left, we see / our ever open eyes were taken with a fancy for the scenery spread out before another bridge, though not of such old structure, but a thoroughfare of more them. ✓ The Rock river in its evanescent glory modern type. At the farther end of this lay stretched before us at the foot of the artificial crossing is the site of an old other more abrupt declivity of the hill. mill, but only a few boards, almost The steep descent before us and the buried under the deep snow, now mark gently swelling country under its snow3’- its existence. cover be3'ond the glassy stream, afford­ Right in front, surrounded by the ed us a most exquisite winter landscape. river flowing under its icy cover, is an Immediately to our right the hill is cut island, planted with trees, — a dreary, by a road, and the snowdrifts by its but beautiful picture of winter scenery. side, moulded by nature’s hand, form an ^This oval-shaped isle, stretched length­ almost perpendicular wall with an over­ wise in the river, is artistic through hanging ledge. nature itself and is trimmed by the At a distance, somewhat to our right, hands of man directed b}' some fantastic is a dam, upon which the water, madly muse. plunging, has been checked by the sever­ On the north end is a clump of ever­ ity of the cold. The -whole sheet of the green trees, their green branches bend­ dashing water is now a structure of ing almost to the ground by the weight crystals, frozen as it tumbled down in of the snow. This beautifully arranged its rocky bed below. The boulders be­ group looks so solemn, that it reminds low are coated with ice and sparkle us of the sacred groves of the n3'mphs with the same clear transparemw. This of old, or, what is more fresh in our irregular crystal wall sec*ms to be hewn memory, of the quaint Christmas festiv­ out of granite, white as pearl, hy a most ities. The other trees, robbed of their consummate sculptor. The grotesque summer foliage and standing there figures, formed b3r nature, are simply naked and bare, fledged with, icy

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Towards the other end of the island is an old windmill with the snow on its wooden frame-work glittering in the last rays of the winter sun. The fountain, surrounded by a large basin, now seems to be sleeping, wrapt in its snowy

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mantle. The pavillion in this silent little grove looks like a temple of the ancient gods. The bandstand, destitute of its merry musicians, seems mourning for brighter days gone by.

The whole panorama gives us a thrilling picture of winter beauty. If we term summer the season of poetry, we cannot term winter anything less than poetry written in prose form, A. G. T. S. *03.

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Cbe To$$ fioase. ^T^HE student of ecclesiastical histor}* Every Chinese temple is a house of A in America may well pause in dis­ prayer or worship, but no sermon is de­ may before the multitude of sects and livered, no priest installed, no religious minor organizations, by whose estab­ instructions are given, and no seating lishment the Christian church has be­ accomodations provided. There is al­ come dismembered. The slightest shades ways at least one shrine, the more fre­ of belief have often resulted in separatism quented temples having several; the although the larger assemblages differ worshipers do not meet in a body, nor at times widely in their formulated faith is any particular time set for devotion. as well as in their observances. The No register is kept of the members. cause of this great diversity in the re­ Nevertheless these temples are usxially ligious thought of the New World is to well supported; the revenues are de­ be found in the natural operation of re­ rived largely from the privileges sold at publican institutions, which foster the auction to the highest bidder. Thus the freest development of individual thought privilege of selling for the Lung-kongand action, except they be subversive of kung-saw of San Francisco brought public morals or an obvious infringe­ $12,375. A large sum of money is also received from the incense sticks, candles ment of statutory provisions.

The reports of the Xlth United States and sacrificial papers which are used for Census give data for forty-nine religious various purposes. The yearly income denominations, fifteen of which are di­ of one of these temples is said to be vided into 109 sub-denominations; in about $25,000. If we take in consider­ addition, 156 independent religious con­ ation that the expenses are comparative­ gregations, not commonly recognized as ly small, it is not at all surprising that defined denominations, are enumerated some of them have accumulated an im­ in this report — a total of 299. The mense amount of mone}'.

When in doubt concerning any particu­ Jews, Theosophists, and some of the small societies and congregations are, lar course of action, they are careful to besides the Chinese temples, the only consult their gods and patron saints. non-Christian bodies included in this Every worshiper provides himself with number; of these, the Chinese temple, incense sticks, candles and sacrificial the Joss house, is the most striking ex­ paper; the candles and sticks are lighted and placed in their proper receptacles. ample.

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Offerings of wine and meat are added on special occassions. If wine is used it is put in minute cups, scarcely larger than thimbles, and these are arranged in a row before the shrine; the meat sacrifices may be roast chicken, roast pig or any table luxury. When every­ thing is properly disposed, the genuflec­ tions begin and the request is presented.

If the answer required is a simple affirm­ ative or negative, the worshiper drops a pair of lenticular pieces of wood on the floor a number of times and calcu­ lates the answer from the number of times each face turns up. Another

method of obtaining responses, particu­ larly when fuller answers are desired, is by shaking a box filled with numbered slips of bamboo until one falls out, and then consulting a book containing the respective answers in Chinese verse.

In all their ceremonies we meet with numerous traits of barbarism. At once the question arises, how is it possible that such a society can exist in so civil­ ized a country as America? To a certain extent the environment has had an in­ fluence, for at the present time a con­ siderable number of the Chinese are members of Christian churches.

A. S. ’01.

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HERF are many novel features with which America has enriched modern history. There are new dis­ coveries made by Americans, there are startling things invented by Yankees, there are improvements introduced by Yankee genius, for the comfort and betterment of human life, such as the world had never before dreamed of.

Neither the last nor the least, whatever you may call it, whether progress or re­ gress, is a new religion. Such is Mormonism or the religion of the Latter day Saints.

Its prominent feature, to sa\r it at once, is polj'gam3r. Not that polygamy was unknown; indeed, according to the sacred records, it is almost as old as the world itself. During father Adam's life­ time his great grandson Lamech mar­ ried two wives, Ada and Scilla. In Israel as well as among most other oriental nations, in ancient and in mo­ dern times, it was and is a well known institution, and Mohammed allowed it to his followers for this and for the fu­ ture life. But deep-rooted as it was, it hardly ever or anywhere constituted

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the essential and fundamental character of a religion, such as it forms in the new religion ofMormonism, this product of mental feverishness in American life, of its discontents with the hard realties of social existence, of its disposition to em­ brace new ideals and new experiments.

But let us glance at its origin and be­ ginnings. It was founded by Joseph Smith, born in Vermont, in the year 18<?5, the scion of a family, enjoying a rather savory reputation for avoiding honest labor, for its occupation in dig­ ging hidden treasures, and in similar vicious pursuits, for intemperance and untruthfulness, for its being commonly suspected of sheep-stealing and other offences. And let it not be forgotten that our Joseph was considered the worst of the whole stock. Well then, in 1827, under the direction of an angel, as he pretended, he dug up, like the bones of a mastodon, a brand new book of di­ vine revelation, the book of Mormon.

He and his followers declared its autho­ rity equal to that of the Bible, a new gospel. Joseph proclaimed himself the prophet of the new religion. And what

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was this religion? What were the reve­ lations contained in the book of Mor­ mon and inspired to the new prophet by the Holy Ghost? Aside from numer­ ous and ridiculous fables connecting the mormons with the immigration from the tower of Babel and with the chil­ dren of Isreal, it was revealed to Joseph Smith that he should gather the saints in America at New Zion or New Jerusa­ lem, somewhere in the interior of the continent, and to establish there a new church, a kind of Millennium, apparently a communistic theocracy, but in reality, as it has proved to this day, a tyranny of the worst kind, headed by Smith and his ringleaders called apostles. Although the book of Mormon contains passages strongly condemning polygamy, yet it was not long before the Saints on the new and very likelyr improved revela­ tions commenced the mysterious and secret sealing of wives, that is the prac­ tice of polygani3r, the marriage ot one husband with several wives. Now ty­ rant^ and popery in ecclesiastics, as we all know, isnothingnew, but polygani3r, as ordained from above, is decidedly so and surpasses even the teachings of Mo­ hammed in originality and in grandeur.

In short, potygamy, though it may be kept secret and in hidingbefore the stem eve of Christian civilization and of American Common and StaUite Law, has proved to be the prominent and es­ sential feature, the driving agent of Mormonism.

It is not necessary to dwell extensively upon the further development and his-

211

tory of the new church, how they wan­ dered westward and founded Navoo in Illinois; how they prospered and grew immensely rich, how they were finally expelled by the scandalized population of the state in 1846; how, after their prophet had been killed, they crossed the Rocky Mountains under the leadership of Brigham Young and settled in Utah 1874 and on the Great Salt Lake erected their New Zion, Salt Lake City. It is not necessary to describe the wonderful growth of this new foundation up to the present day, both in population and riches, the undoubted capability of its past and present leaders in an agricul­ tural, industrial, financial, and political view, its dominating influence upon avaricious and immoral politicians in Utah itself as well as in Washington.

It is enough to say that Mormon poly­ gamy, that is to say Mormonism itself, designates not a progress in the march of Christian civilization, but a regress, that it stands in opposition to civilized law in general and to all good Ameri­ can law in particular, and, most of all, that it contradicts the highest and only true revelation, that given by Jesus Christ, the son of God himself in His word, and that, if His word is truth and if American law will have its free course, Mormonism will not stand and shall not stand forever, but will be trampled down and crushed, and cease to tarnish the fair fame of our beloved country, the honor of the greatest republic the world ever saw, and let us thank God that this day of delivery has come at C. N. ’01. last.

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Opring is close at hand and every stu•3 dent interested in field sports looks with anxiety towards the opening of the base ball season. Several teams have already been organized and will begin practice as soon as the weather permits. Prospects for a good first team are exceedingly bright. At the beginning of last term, the team chose Mr. H. Frank as manager, and in a re­ cent meeting Mr. A. Sauer was elected captain. The team consists of the fol­ lowing players: A. Arendt, F. Balgie, C. Christgau, A. Herzfeldt, H. Koch, Kohloff, H. Luebcke, J. Pieper, R. Pieper, A. Sauer, and F. Zarling. The positions have as yet not been assigned to the players, but every member will be given an opportunity fully to demonstrate his ability and experience, and then the po­ sitions will be filled according to the merit of the contestant.

There is a sufficient amount of splen­ did material at our disposal and despite the fact that some of the most expe­ rienced players of last years team will not be with us, there is every' reason to believe that the coming base ball season will be crowned with success. In order to accomplish anything, diligent prac­ tice on part of the participants must of course be manifested throughout the season.

There is, however, one obstruction to be overcome and that is the lack of the necessary finances. It is utterly impos­ sible for the first team to achieve any gratifying results if it is not property supported by the entire student body.

Every student ought to contribute as

freely as possible to the base ball fund.

It is a deplorable fact that base ball is on a decline at Northwestern, and for this reason every possible influence should be exerted to bring about a re­ vival of this manly and commendable sport. &

Beta R»o. ^THE Washington entertainment * which was arranged by the Beta Rho Literary Society and which was held in the chapel on the evening of Feb. 21, was well attended. The committees did their work well and the program met such approval that various mem­ bers are already contemplating the plan to give another entertainment on some similar occasion. The following is the program in full: 1.

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Overture Midland N, W. U. Band Opening Address Mr. Theo. Schroedel Selection—Bridal Rose - N. W. U. Orchestra Essay* on Personal Side of Washington Mr. Adolf Baebenroth Boy’s Poem on Washington - Mr. E. Heilman Selection—Harvest Home - N. W.U. Orchestra Oration Mr. A. Arendt Serenade to Flora N. W. U. Band Declamation—The American Flag Mr. Edward Dittinan March—Union Forever N. W. U. Band

The fact that meetings are held weekly and that they are alway's well attended is a proof that an unusal interest is taken in the work of the society'. d

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A LTHOUGH the Turnverein at our college has not been mentioned much, it is in a prospering condition.

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We boasted of a large membership last H. A. Frank, ’01, was called to his year, but it has increased so much, that home at Beaver Dam Feb. 22nd on ac­ the number at present is eighty. The count of serious illness and death in his monthly business meetings of the society brothers family; he returned March 9th. are attended not only by a number large Henry Haase, ’01, and J. Hellbusch, enough to constitute a quorum, as it ’04?, went to Milwaukee March 2nd ; was customary a few years ago, but they called at the Theological Seminary there are very few absences to be record­ while in the city. ed at each meeting. As the officers are On account of illness Miss L. Melzer elected for each term of the schoolvear, the society chose the following officers was absent from recitations for several for the spring term: Pres. John Pieper, days recently.

Vice Pres. F. Zarling, Secy. A. Schulz, The juniors are busy arranging a proTreas. Salomon Jedele, and Master of grame for the afternoon and evening the Arsenal, R. Pieper. Also the regu­ of commencement day. larity in attending the set hours of in­ Charles Ernst, D. Pb., who recently struction in g3'mnasties has been by far took his degree at the University of better this year than it used to be. Yet Leipzig, received a call as Assistant Pro­ gymnastics arc not practised voluntarily fessor of Naturai Sciences at the Konigenough. Too often the hall is found lich Chemisch-physicalischen Institute, vacant during the time of recreation. which he intends to accept.

Of what benefit is it to a person if he is contented with the practice he takes one A. Ernst, ’00, B.Schlueter, ’00, and G. hour a week and who does not find it Sprengling, ’00, spent Washington’s profitable to practise privately rhe exer­ birthday in this city and called on their cises shown to him in the lesson? He freinds at college. will lack muscular strength, bodily ac­ H. Martens, ’98, was a visitor at the tivity and endurance for any exercise alma mater Saturday, March 16th and during the hour. Besides bodily exercise attended the meeting of the Beta Rho is of most benefit if taken regularly.

Literary Society. & 0. Keller, ’04, C. Sauer, ’04, and

PERSONAL Prof. 0. Hoyer has removed to his new house on College Ave. His former resi­ dence will in the near future be occupied

by Dr. J. H. Ott.

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213

R. Hinnenthal, ’05, went to Milwaukee March 14th to attend the funeral of his grandmother.

Adolph Pfund, ’02, spent Washington’s birthday at his home in Madison.

Monday, March 11th the band and orchestra dismissed Mr. Adolph Grethen from his duties as instructor.

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Adolph Sauer, ’06, spent Washington’s birthday at their respective homes.

The usual English services were held at St. Mark’s church on March 3d.

Prof. Julius Gamm delivered the sermon.

Mr. J. Krafft, who graduated from the Brooklyn Medical College last year, is now assisstant to Dr. Geo. Leininger, coroner of Chicago.

Miss Jennie Bittner, a former member of class ’01, was present at the meeting of the Beta Rho Society, March 9th.

The Sophomores have finished their course in French and have begun a course in Hebrew.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

tt Baseball!

Best regards to Cane !

Who tried to kill Eddie!

Come all, ye straw hats.

Oh! please, Mr. Editor, don’t put a local in on us!!

A historical fact worth knowing: “Washington entered the corpse of the infantry.”

Frenchie, first class photo - artist, Room 27.

Try a bottle of Jap’s famous slide oil, satisfaction guaranteed.

Stubbs, dont let Bonsy work that on you again.

Take down that point, Auritulus.

Who belongs to the “Chow-ker Base­ ball Team ?

Heavy showers in London this spring; such are the “high-water” predictions of “His Royal Altitude.”

We would like to know why they laughed so during elocution hours.

What are the boys talking about? I never got left!

Jandry, sal-comic, and cowpoon are the newly coined words of the English language.

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Stud. A: “Prett}' dark to-night.”

Stud. B: “Yes, the sun has lost its shine.”

Have you any more confusion powder?

B—hte, our famous musician, is will­ ing to give violin lessons to anyone pro­ vided he cannot read notes.

Prof. — In what kind of climate do the English and Germans prefer to live?

Pupil: — Where potatoes grow.

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.. Moike, go to Klondyke and strike a light, daddy lost some gold.

Notice! Hereafter no oil will be sold on credit. P. L. “Outdealer”.

Ach, L—11—, you missed it!

Exam.: “Name the principal ocean currents.”

Answer: “The Ohio and Mississippi rivers.”

Kelly met a “triend” on his way to the N. W. Depot and sold him his whis­ kers; who was it ?

Ask H. M—11—r about his hay-fork.

“Butch” could not see the periods, he had a cold.

Gymnastic prose: MacHeel and Fatty Jr. are enthusiastically interested in the profound science of acrobatism and practice the “snap-up” daily, while Japs has stimulated the wrestling spirit to such an extent, that he has received chal­ lenges from every^ part. Br-ns and others again perform heavy and cornplicated feats (feet) on the apparatus.

Nandy’s slurs on the punching bag are most astounding.

In the last mile run Dago beat Kelly by fifteen minutes, Who paid the mail carrier 24? cents for a sausage ?

A (at the table): Where is “Tubby” to-night ?

B: He is getting a “kingly” supper.

W. F. L. reading Maria Stuart: Da seid Ihr der allwiclit’ge Mann, der Atlas des “Satans.”

Cigars show independenc}r, eh?

Filia mortua hostias immolarit.

Nach dem Tode seiner Tocliter griff er die Feinde an.

Latest — A renaissance of the choir.

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the thirst for gold and the growth of partisanship. Such are the enemies in camp, the foes we have through fear, and the danger is ever less from Arnold, the open foe, than Arnold the secret traitor.

The following is an extract from an editorial in the Ursinus College Bul­ letin. We earnestly commend it to the careful study of senior and underclass­ Tile editorials of the Manit.ou Mes­ man alike. senger certainly deserve special men­ “Degrees are a detriment to our edu­ tion. Very few of our exchanges put cational system, for men get the stamp any stress at all on this department. A of a college and by this means secure po­ well furnished editorial column is allsitions which they are totally unfit to ways a good recommendation for the hold, and in this way bring disrepute paper. to the college graduate. Whatgooddoes An Indian summer — a Carlisle stu­ a little Latin or Greek do a man if he is dent in arithmetic. — Ex. no broader or more liberal than he was Teacher: “For to-morrow you take before? What is the use of a few formu­ paragraphs two, three, four, sixteen, lae in Mathematics if the man has no nine.” power of independent investigation? No Scholar (absent-mindedly): “Change man can get a view of the field of science that signal.” — Ex. and its varied problems without a mas­ ter to direct him. The knowledge and In the last twenty years the number power gained in the class-room are of of students in the higher institutions of course the primary objects of education, learning has increased from 598 to 1215 but are by no means all. The coming in per million inhabitants. — Ex. contact with men of higher culture, as­ The Dickinson Union could be much sociating with one’s peers and learning improved upon by omitting about nineto respect their opinions, are what give tenths of its personal and local matter to the college man his distinctive traits and increasing its literary and exchange of character.” departments.

The Tamarack is clearty below the An article that ought to be read by standard of excellence it attained last every student appears in the February 37ear. The spirit of earnest literary in­ number of The Lake Breeze, entitled tentions so much in evidence formerly “Why We Should Use the Gym.” It has been replaced by an undesirable contains a strong plea for physical cul­ spirit of levity. ture, a thing too often neglected by The Hiram College Advance presents in an article headed “An Unnoticed Dan­ ger to the Republic”, with remarkable eloquence and clear discernment the evils of partisan politics. Internal dissen­ sions have been the cause of the fall of many a nation, and America has already' been on the verge of ruin in the strife be­ tween North and South. It sa37s, the dangers of to-day come from within — the worship of self, the love of power,

students who lead a sedentary life.

The Mirror contains a number of interesting contributions.

Say, Jackson, what’s de diffunce be­ tween a policeman on duty and one off?

Why, I dunno, Johnson, what is the diffunce ?

Well, de one is a walkin’ his beat, and de oder is beatin’ his walk! Ha! ha! ha!

—Ex.

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THE BLACK AND RED.

Short and pointed — a tack. — Ex. The Capitolixe contains besides other interesting reading matter a criti­ cism of “The House of Seven Gables.”

mm Accessions

years, I dont quite think you do.—Ex.

Benson, Edward F. The Bobs, B. A. Being the Uneventful _ ,Ilistor3rof TT .a Young Gentleman at Cambridge University, G* P* Putnam’s Sons, New York. 1S96.

12x18 cm. yu, 310, in, 31.

Kipling, Rudyard. Plain Talcs from the Hills. A. L. Burt. s. a. 12x19 cm. iv, 217.—The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Other Tales. Ibid. s. a. 12x19 cm. hi, 326, in, 201, vi-3.

Mackey, Charles, L. L. D. A ThouThe Stylus, Newberry College, New- sand and one Gems of English Poetry, berry, S. C., is a well edited paper and Selected and arranged by C. M. With containsmanyinterestingcontributfons. iiiustrations by Sir John Millois, Sir Its exchange column is, however, very John Gilbert, and Birket Foster. Twenshort. ty-Third Edition. London. Routledge.

“And that too is Life” and “The In- 1897. 12V2x20V2 cm. vi, 1631. 110, fluence of Hope” are two articles, which 246. appear in The Erskinian and are full of Cervantes, Inavedra, Miguel de. Leben thought and truth. und Thaten des scharfsinnigen edlen Minister: — So you don’t think I prac­ Don Quixote von la Mancha. Ubersetzt von Ludwig Tieck. i. n. Hi. iv. Band. tice what I preach, deacon?

Deacon: —Well considering that you Halle a. d. S. Verlagvon Otto Ilendel. have been preaching on the subject of s. a. 12x18 cm. 244; 256; 262; 286. resignation for the past thirty-nine 144, 1. 2 vi, 2.

Problem in Algebra: If a woman has twelve apples and thirteen children, how will she equally divide the fruit ?

Answer: Make apple sauce. — Ex. Some people are like a bass drum; they make lots of noise, but there is nothing in them. — Ex. Teacher — Fred, what figure of speech is, “I love my teacher?”

Fred — Sarcasm. — Ex. Dr. A. — Why are you always making particular inquiries as to what your patients eat? Does that assist you in your diagnosis?

Dr. B.- Not at all, but it enables me to ascertain their social position, and arrange my fees accordingly. — Ex. Thf Kodak and The Cresset are both edited exclusively by young ladies and they are accordingly always neat both as to contents and appearance.

Did you ever see a horse fly through the window ?

When is a horse not a horse? When it is turned into a pasture.

Du Mawrier, George.

Tribb3r. A Novel with Illustrations by the Author.

New York. Harper & Brothers. 1S94.

12x19 cm. vii, 14-4 hi, 63.

Stow, David. The Training System, established in the Glasgow Normal Seminary^ and its Model Schools. A new edition. Blackie & Son, Glasgow.

MDCCXL. 11x12 cm. 415 pp. 10S, 35.

A lien, James Lane. The Choir Unus­ able. New York. Macmillan Co. 1S98.

Iiy2xl2y2 cm. 361 pp. 172, 1.

Rostand, Edmond. Cyrano de Bergeroc. Translated from the French by Gertrude Huel. New York. Doubleday & McClure Co. 1896. 12x18 cm. vn, 235; 143, 5.

THE BLACK AND RED. &

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Ahrens, Dr. phil. Heinrich Ludolf.

Griechische Formenlehre des Homerischen und Attischen Dialektes. Zum Gebrauche bei dem Elementar-Unterrichte, aber auch als Grundlage fur eine historische wissenschaftliche Behandlung der griechische Gram. 2. verb. Aufl. Gott.

Vandenhock & Ruprecht.

1869.

13x21% cm. XIII 280, 88, 4.

Carroll, Lewis Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. With 42 Illustrations by John Tenniel, London. Macmillan & Co. 1898. 12x181/2 cm. 179 pp. 179.

Caesar, Julius. Die Grundziige der griechischen Rhythmik im Anschluss an Aristides Quintilianus erlautert von J. C. Morburg. Elwert. 1861. 14%x22%

Hinrichs, J. C. 1898. Erstes Halbj. e^c. Hinrichs’ Halbjahrskatalog 200.

Fortsetzung. MS. abgeschlossen am 30.

Ju°i 1898. 872, 300. 40: 1 v 15.

Fisher, M. M. D. D., L. L. D. The Three Pronunciations of Latin: The claims of each presented and the special reasons given of the use of the English mode. Third Edition. New York. D. Appleton & Co. 1885. 229 pp. 94:12.

Dictionary of National. Biography.

Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. LVI. TeachToilet. New York. The Macmillan Co. London. Smith, Elder & Co. L898.

16x24 cm. 453 pp. 42: 1 v 56.

Sliaftsbury, Edmund. Cultivation of the Chest or the Highest Physical Development of the Human Form. The Fourth Degree Book of the Ralston Health Club. Martyn College Press.

Washington, D. C. 1895. 15x23% cm.

231 pp. 252:4.

Wisconsin, Collection of the State His­ torical Societ3r of Wisconsin. Edited and annotated by Reuben G. Thwaites, Corresp. Secretary. Yol. XIII. Madi­ son, 1S95. 15x23 cm. XI, 515 pp.

71: 6 v 1.

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217

Guthrie, T. A. (Austey F.) Baboo Huny Bungoho Jabberjee. B. A. Illust.

New York. 1897. 12x1S% cm. XYI, 272 pp. Ill: 2.

Handbuch d. klass. Altertums-Wissenschaften in s^^stematischer Darstellung.

Hrsg. von Dr. I wan v. Muller. Neunter Band, 1. Abteilung. Geschichte der byzantinisclien Litteratur von Justinian bis zum Ende d. ostromischen Reiches, 527—1453. Von Karl Krumbacher. 2te Aufl. Miinchen,

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Lucas, Edward Verrail. A Book of Verses for Children. Published by Grant Richards. Convent Garden. London.

1897. 13x191/2 cm. XII, 348. 179: 2.

Darwin, Charles. Tagebuch naturgeschichtlicher und geologischer Untersuchungen iiber die wahrend der weltumsegelung auf J. M. Schiff Beagle besuchten Lauder. Aus dem Englischen der 15. auflage des Originals. Miteiner einleitung und anmerkungen von Dr. Alfred KirchhofF, Professor in Halle.

Nebst 14 abbildung. Halle a. d. S. Druck und Yerlag von Otto Hendel s. a.

12x13 cm. XX, 570. 80.5, 5.

Wedgwood, Hensleigh. On the Origin of Language. Philadelphia. Lippincott & Co. 1866. 11x17% cm. 165 pp. 99,4.

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Hoffmann, J. L. Uebungstucke zum Uebursetzen insLateinische fur eine alterstufe von zwolf bis vierzehn Yahren.

Dritte vermehrte und sorgfaltig verbesserte auflage. Neue Ausgabe. Niirnberg, 1869. Bauer & Raspe. Il%xl7. viU, 408. 27, 2.1.

Baeumlein,Wilhelm. Griechische SchulGrammatik. Vierte auflage neue bearbeitet von W. Gaupp. Stuttgart. Metzler’sehen Buchhandlung. 1872. 12%x20 cm. XYI, 363. 88,15.

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THE* BLACK AND RED.

Madwig, Dr. J. N. Syntax der griechischen Sprache,besonders der attischen Sprachform, furSchulen. Braunschweig.

Yieweg u. Sohn. 1847. 12V£x20 cm. xvm, 283. 88,11.

Berger, Dr. Ernst. Griechische Grammatik fiir den Unterricht auf Gymnasien nebst einem Anfange vom Homerischen Dialekte. Yierte verbesserte Auflage.

Berlin. Georg Reimer. 1868. 131/4x22 . cm. iy, 340. 8S, 1.

& Windus. 1877. 15x23 cm. 14,620.

56, 1.1.

Curtius, Georg. Studien zur griecliisclien uud lateinischen Grammatik.

Herausgegeben von G. C. Erster Band.

Erstcs und Zweites Heft. Leipzig S. Hirzel. 1868. 14x2 iy2 cm. rv, 261; 297.

92.1, 7vl.

Have You Ever Tried A

Curtius, Dr. Georg. Griechische SchulGrammatik. Fiinfte Auflage. Prog, 1862. Tumpsky. 13^x22 cm. xvi, 311. 88-2.

Webster, Daniel. Obituary address on the occasion of his death. Delivered in the Senate and in the House of Repre­ sentatives of the U. S., fourteenth and fifteenth December, 1852. Washington.

Robert Armstrong. 1853. 14V£x23V6 cm. 64, 47.

Lincoln, Abraham. Memorial address on his life and character, delivered at the request of both House of the Congress of America, before them in the House of Representatives at Washington, on the 12th of February, 1966. By George Bancroft. Washington. G. 0. P. 14Y2x23Y2 cm. 69 pp. 69,84. i

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Epictetus. Discourses with the Encheiridion and Fragments. Translated with notes, a Life of Epictetus, and a view of his Philosophy. By George Long. New York. American Publishers Corp. s. a. 12x19 cm. xiv, 461. 87,16.

Hamerton, Philip Gilbert. French and English. A comparison. Boston. Rob­ erts Brothers. 1889. 12^x18% cm. xrx, 480. 67, 20.

Guhl, E. and W. Koner. The Life of the Greeks and Romans. Described from the antique Monument. Translated from the Third German Edition by F. Hueffer.

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