XIANG Xinyi_Tradition and Regeneration

Revitalization of a traditional market through Landscape Architechture Method in Hefei, China

Tradition & Regeneration

Tradition& Regeneration Revitalization of a traditional market through L andscape Architechture Method in Hefei, China

Master of Landscape Architecture Project 2021 RMIT University School of Architecture and Urban Design Melbourne, Australia Course Coordinators: Alice Lewis Jen Lynch Tutors: Danny Kwak Ha Thai Jen Lynch June 2021

REGENERATION -n. the process of making an area, institution, etc. develop and grow strong again The Oxford Dictionary

Abstract Market is the oldest retail trading place in the world (Tomlinson and Alvarez Planas, 2018), it was once an important centre of social and community life. People meet here, not only exchanging goods, but also various information and stories, the market itself carries a lot of memories.

Nowadays, due to various reasons, the development speed of the market can no longer meet the needs of the cities, especially in China, in the past three decades, the major cities’ rapid growth has resulted in markets to deteriorate or even be abandoned.

The common practice to solve this phenomenon is to demolish the market, however, this method has many shortcomings. Not only does it require huge investment, but the new market after the demolition may not be able to meet the changing needs of people. Therefore, I think that it can proceed from the perspective of the market itself, according to its own characteristics, and related historical background, and use Landscape Architectural interventions to carry out transformations and regeneration.

Thus, the document will explore and pitch the convivial tools of Landscape Architecture like mapping and resource building through the theories of Cultural-led Urban Regeneration and Creative-led Urban Regeneration, considering Zhougudui Market in China as the test site, because it fits the characteristics of the above phenomenon. By providing suitable space conditions for various activities, trying to solve the existing problems, and attract more people to actively use the site and achieves the goal of regeneration. The outcome of this project will be a series of spatial analysis and ultimately propose an alternative design response to the common practice abovementioned. This will create awareness that there are other methods to heal deteriorating marketspaces in China and around the globe.

CONTENT

CONTENT

1.Background

4. Landing

Phenomenon introduction Related UN Sustainable Goals

Theoretical framework Precedents learning Methods developing

2. Zhougudui Market as the Test Site

5. Design Response

General information Specific history introduction Client and Skateholders

Identity of Zhougudui Market Element extraction and structure design Whole market Detail design - activity combination area - mixed business district - integrate separate markets

3.Site Condition Respecting the site conditions Potential opportunities

6.Conclusion of the Project Conclusion and reflection Reference List

Research structure and techniques technology policy

sociology

site

theory &

history issue

method updating

precedent

design response

economy

section

existing phenomenon

Landscape Architecture

problem

catching opportunity

respecting site habits

plan

perspective

collage

7

A phenonmenon

Chapter 01.

Background Design Research Background UN Sustainable Goals

Traditional markets can also be called Ji Market in China. They developed from bazaars (an older cyclical commodity trading place). They are different stores from supermarkets and usually serve the community.

The commodities sold in traditional markets are mainly all kinds of fresh vegetables, chickens, fish, etc., that have not been slaughtered. In addition, among these, there may also be restaurants, grocery stores, clothing stores and other shops. In China, the traditional market sells New Year’s goods, specific flowers and plants before the New Year and has its cultural system. Due to the different shopping habits of customers, the traditional market still occupies a particular position. For example, the conventional market allows people to bargain prices or request gifts. Some people also think that the ingredients sold in the traditional market are fresher and even use the traditional market as a social area to meet like-minded people.

With the popularity of the Internet and the rise of online shopping, the development of traditional markets is facing more problems. The constant loss of customers puts more and more traditional markets on the verge of bankruptcy. At the same time, in recent years, due to China's rapid development, many cities have become completely different in the past few decades. On the contrary, traditional markets have been unable to meet the needs of cities due to their slow development. It is in an area with convenient transportation, so it has even become a problem that affects the city's appearance. For such a traditional market, in China, a common practice is to transform it from corporate investment and rebuild it into other things that are more in line with the times. For example, after the demolition, a shopping mall suitable for taking pictures is built, and the new media tool is used to spread it, and to attract consumers. Or demolish the abandoned traditional market, directly use its superior geographic location to increase land value, build new high-rise buildings, and sell them as real estate to obtain huge short-term benefits.

Regardless of the method, there will be follow-up questions. First of all, most of the service objects of traditional markets are communities. After such a significant demolition and reform, the community will lose its original activity area, and some cultural systems spontaneously formed by the community will be destroyed. There have even been some companies that do not consider nearby demand in China, blindly pursue short-term capital gains. As a result, although the traditional market after the transformation has attracted many people in a short period, it has also brought substantial environmental and noise problems to nearby communities. And when it stopped investing a lot of money in advertising, the homogenized stores failed to attract tourists and lost the original community customers. Only the following investment and transformation are waiting for this market.

"We believe that people are the purpose and scale of the city. " ——Declaration of Chinese Humane City 8

9

Design research background

Temporary market

Fair

Market

Supermarket

Shopping mall

Online shopping

Close Trend Sales in key stores

Afetr the Demolition

Online shopping amount

Population

In summary, China's urbanization rate has exceeded 60% at present. After this turning point, it will enter a period of slow growth or a plateau. This is the universal law of global urbanization. China's urbanization has entered the "second half", and the rules of the game for land finance and major demolition and construction must be changed. If there is no new logic for stock renewal, no new institutional arrangements and operating mechanisms, changes will follow many questions.

10

Traditionally, urban renewal is still oriented by space and environment and tends to increase the value of land, but the subject's participation and sustainable development of value is insufficient. Therefore, I envision that from the perspective of Landscape Architecture, fully consider the needs of space upgrades and the needs of the most loyal users in the market by summarizing their behaviour habits and ideas, and using the method of adding facilities and spatial structures to the traditional market as a starting point to solve and improve the problem of the site with the smallest modification possible. At the same time, it provides space conditions for opportunities to occur and guides users to use this market in a more reasonable and standardized way so that it becomes no longer chaotic.

11

Targets related to UN Sustainability Goals

Direct linking 8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors 8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services ("Economic Growth-United Nations Sustainable Development Goals", 2020) The target of this project is to rejuvenate a largely abandoned market. In the process of achieving this goal, it is necessary to update the economic activities in the market so that they can also be upgraded. At the same time, it will provide new energy to the surroundings.

Job opportunities, so there is a direct connection with these two UN GOALS.

Potential linking 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse ("Sustainable Sustainable Consumption and Production-United Nations Sustainable Development Goals", 2020)

This project will change the lifestyle of an area towards a more sustainable development, and therefore, potentially increase the possibility of waste sorting and waste utilization.

12

13

Chapter 02.

Zhougudui Market as the Test Site

Site location

Zhougudui, once a glittering wholesale market like diamonds.

-- Hefei Evening News

Specific history and client Site overview Skateholders

14

15

City new development zone

Site location

City outer circle-road The old city

China

Anhui

Hefei The selected test site for the project is called Zhougudui Market. It is gathered in my hometown of Hefei, and it is in the centre of the old city from the map.

Zhougudui Market 16

17

Specific history The existing history of Zhougudui first appeared in 1969, when it was the name of a production team on the edge of Hefei city. Due to the free-market economic policy of Reform and Opening-up in 1978, a stable market gradually gathered here, and in 1992 it was operated by Zhougudui Enterprise. In the beginning, it was mainly a fruit market with a relatively small area. Later, it started to wholesale vegetables. A large number of trucks came and went, which made the area bigger and bigger. In 2006, it became the largest vegetable market city of Hefei, with an annual transaction volume of up to 2.3 million tons, which is called the "vegetable basket" by the citizen of Hefei. The nearby communities and schools are also named after "Zhougudui", which shows its important position in Hefei.

However, starting in 2010, Zhougudui Enterprise has focused its operations on wholesale. At this time, the location of Zhougudui Market has changed from the edge of Hefei to the centre of old Hefei city. The traffic and rent that were originally the biggest advantages have become the burden of its development.

Therefore, in 2013, the company moved to a small town next to Hefei. Although this abandoned traditional market is still called Zhougudui Market, its owner has returned to the Baohe District Government. It is not as meticulously planning its development prospects as the original company. Gradually, due to the lack of reasonable planning, Zhougudui Market became a place where vendors came to rent and sell spontaneously, lacking the overall characteristics, and many problems were exposed. After the popularity of online shopping, shops selling at low prices have become more unattractive. Many shops have failed to operate and closed down, and the entire venue lacks vitality.

The enterprise moved to the suburb

1969

Landowner

18

1992

Zhougudui Baida Enterprise

I miss the old "vegetable basket".

2013

now

Baohe District Government

19

Site overview

40m

20

21

Skateholders Stakeholders related to this project are mainly divided into nearby residents, education instituts and business districts. They have different demands for the regeneration of Zhougudui Market, and at the same time, they also have different power to influence the project.

According to the distance from Zhougudui Market, the levels of interest about the project and the power to influence the project are listed.

Power

Binheyuan Community Haida Community Hefei University of Technology Community Qingnian Community Wenchangxincun Community Wenchangyaju Community Xinhegeng Community Yuanyibozhuang Community

Fengchaoyuan Community Landingxinghefu Community Wangdaying Community Zhougudui Community

Anhui Women School Baohequ Foreign Language Primary School Hefei Heping Primary School Hefei University of Technology Hefei Xiegang Primary School

Low

22

Guogouxinghe Plaza Hengxing Plaza Xintiandi Plaza Interest

High

23

Chapter 03.

Site Condition

Respecting the site conditions -site entrances and interiore flow -exsting building typology -site landuse and building entrances -safe problems -site popularity through time -spontaneously formed site habits

Potential opportunities -main users of the site -user requirements -transport condition

Conclusion and suggestion from context condition

Conclusion and suggestion from site condition

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25

Respecting the site conditions

Respecting the site conditions

Site entrances and interior flow

0m 10m

40m

N 100m

Not easy to pass Entrance Pedestrain entrance Main flow without purpose

Clear entrance In addition to the gates, some street-facing shops can be directly passed through, forming potential entrances and exits to the market. Unfortunately, some gates are blocked by objects due to management and other reasons, making it difficult to find or difficult to pass, which is one of the problems that need to be improved.

Zhougudui Market was once the largest vegetable market in Hefei. Its accessibility is still good today. There are many entrances and exits. For some reasons, some entrances and exits can only be used by pedestrians or cyclists and cannot be accessed by car. However, through several on-site investigations, I found that most people do not use the entire market. They usually have a fixed purchase purpose. They will leave after visiting similar stores. Therefore, few people regard the market as one. Areas to walk through or visit.

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27

Sybolic structure

Existing building typology 0m 10m

40m

N 100m

Shack

Tall building

Plant

Tent

Cottage

Wall

Abandoned

To let

There are many types of buildings in Zhougudui Market, most of which are shack-style workshops built in the 1990s. For the industrial city, Hefei, this is a unique memory. In that era, such buildings were everywhere, but now they have almost disappeared up. Subsequent new buildings also continue this style but are taller and add glass doors. In addition to this kind of factory-style buildings, some office buildings were originally built for management, mostly brick tall buildings, and two of them are currently to let. According to the interview information, some buildings have been completely abandoned. Because they are shed-style buildings in the 90s, there are certain risks of use, and they are no longer intended for commercial use.

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29

Site landuse and building entrances

Traffic inspection division (Government owned) Furniture shop

Plant and antique shop

Restaurant

Indoor gym

There are many business formats in Zhougudui Market. At present, the market is managed by the government. When renting out to sellers, the government will give priority to renting sites to the same or similar business formats to achieve a business cluster effect and want to attract consumers in this way. However, in the development of the past ten years, the government has not been able to guarantee that this will be fully achieved. Therefore, the business structure of some regions is relatively more complicated.

At the same time, in the upper left corner of the map, the government is currently using the original company building to transform it into a government unit, mainly to pay traffic fines and conduct vehicle inspections. Because of its existence, Zhou Gudui has attracted some car dealers to settle in the site.

Variety shop

Fresh food shop

Vehicle shop

Abandoned

To let 0m 10m

40m

N 100m

Building entrance

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31

Safety hazrd Large fire accident in 2019

Source: http://info.fire.hc360.com/zt/fire360002/index.shtml

Fire trucks can't get through R=12m Chinese standard road width for fire trucks The distance which a fire engine can reach through a water hose Existing lighting system

0m 10m

40m

N 100m

Due to the lack of investment in the Zhougudui market, some safety issues have also been exposed. For example, there are almost no lighting facilities in the entire market, and only a few restaurants provide lighting at night. This may be because most other businesses are closed at night, so they are unwilling to invest in additional electricity bills.

On the other hand, in 2019, there was a major fire accident in Zhougudui, which caused a loss of about 300,000 yuan. However, according to my research on the site, although most of the roads in this area meet the requirements of China Fire trucks have the lowest driving standards, the reserved spaces at several corners are too small. Therefore, if there is a fire, the fire trucks will not be able to turn there and reach other parts of the site, which is a significant safety hazard.

32

33

Site popularity through time According to data released by China's public service platform, several street-side shops in Zhougudui Market are relatively popular, and people will come mainly at noon and afternoon.

What's more remarkable is that restaurants with lights are also trendy at night, while the fresh food shops in the upper right corner of the map have many customers in the morning.

0

0

The central area of ​​Zhougudui Market can hardly reach the popularity of street shops throughout the day, which is a problem that needs to be considered.

12

0

12

12

0

0

12 0m 10m

40m

N 100m

12

Relatively popular area

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35

Spontaneously formed site habits

Public space that will be occupied by the seller

As a traditional market that is almost 30 years old, Zhougudui has formed a set of its own characteristic behaviours with its main users, which can also be regarded as a kind of culture. Next, I will list some of the phenomena I have observed in the venue to summarize.

The first is the occupation of public space. In China, not only the traditional market but also the problem of occupying public space in many places. In Zhougudui Market, I found that although the merchants placed goods on the outside of the building for different reasons, this behaviour can attract consumers.

Some consumers only look at the goods placed outside instead of going into the shop in the building itself to purchase.

According to my interview, some of the consumers think that the building is too big and the light inside is not as good as it is to see clearly from the outside; some people feel from the buying habit that the goods placed outside are for "display". They are relatively better goods, so there is no need to go to the store to pick them.

And this constitutes a contradiction, because for the managers, that is, the Baohe District government, they do not want the public space of the market to be filled with goods, which will be messy, affect the appearance of the city, and also affect the traffic inside the market. Whenever city management inspects, they will ask the merchants to take the goods back to the store. In the long run, the merchants will find it very troublesome, and the relationship with the managers is also inferior. Usually, when someone comes to check, they pretend to put the goods back to the building, wait for their leave and put them out again.

No vehicles are allowed at certain times

0m 10m

40m

N 100m

Another phenomenon is that the fresh food market located in the upper right corner of the market. However, it is also called Zhougudui, is not spatially connected to the Zhougudui market. Its entrances and exits are all facing the street and then surrounded by buildings—a separate bazaar. Because Chinese people have the habit of buying fresh food that arrived in the morning, this small market is very congested in the morning and even requires someone to manage it. Vehicles are prohibited from 7 to 9 in the morning.

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37

Spontaneously formed site habits

In 2013, the Baohe District Government once divided the Zhougudui market, and the purpose is the same as that mentioned before, to form a business cluster effect and attract customers. However, in the development of the past few years, not only the commercial districts have become chaotic, but many abandoned buildings have also affected the overall sense of the region. On the site, some buildings are still marked with districts and numbers, and some merchants will not keep their store names but only write numbers, indicating that these districts are already an important part of the merchants. Unfortunately, many consumers feel that the feeling of division is not apparent, and sometimes they are even confused. Although they know the store number, they can't find the store.

0m 10m

40m

N 100m

Market zoning defined by the government in 2015

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39

Spontaneously formed site habits

There are many open spaces in Zhougudui Market that are often used for random parking of vehicles. These areas are mainly concentrated at the entrance of the site, wide driveways, near abandoned buildings, non-entrance walls of buildings, and shops selling cars.

At the same time, during the tour, I found that although the internal traffic situation in Zhougudui is a mixture of vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians, their mutual influence is not significant. Because most people who drive come to Zhougudui Market are coming for shopping, the speed is not very fast, so there is no safety hazard in this regard, and I think that in China, it is not necessary to provide protection for pedestrians by designing special lanes. In reality, a more three-dimensional approach needs to be considered to provide a good space for pedestrians.

0m 10m

40m

N 100m

Commonly to be occupied as a bike parking lot Commonly to be occupied as a parking lot

40

41

Conclusion and suggestion from site condition

Suggestions for modifications to existing buildings

Directly remove

Mainframe retained and repaired

Conclusion and suggestion from site condition

Suggestions for public space updating

Design with respecting the habits of users

Ground paving for guiding different zones

Reconstruction, using the original framework for functional upgrading Retained for keeping the site feeling

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43

Potential opportunities

Potential opportunities

Main users of the site The trasportation tool used to arrive Zhougudui Market

Commercial operation Arrival convenience

bike

Interior transport

vehicle

bus

Clarity of guidance

walking

Lighting system Willingness to visit unsatify

reach the requirement

satify

vehicle

Commercial operation Arrival convenience Interior transport

walking

Clarity of guidance

bus

bike

Lighting system Willingness to visit unsatify

reach the requirement

satify

The neighbourhood of Zhougudui Market is mainly residential areas and educational institutions, so I found a questionnaire in Hefei(Wang, 2020),, which contains the daily travel mode of citizens and other information. According to the type of citizens, I have made a summary here. In the follow-up, they can be more references in the design thinking.

Resident

44

Student

45

User requirements

Here I have summarized the daily usage of the area around Zhougudui Market. It can be seen that the area around Zhougudui Market is very vibrant. Even at night, there are also popular areas, plus the previous analysis of the venue itself, the follow-up design of the night use of the venue can provide a certain reference.

Popularity of surrounding area through time 0.00

46

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

47

Transport condition

Conclusion and suggestion from context condition

Surrounding main vehicle flow Finally, it is the analysis of the existing traffic conditions and site settings nearby. It can be seen that Zhougudui is located in a superior geographical location. If you can take advantage of this, it can attract people or bring consumers to come to Zhougudui Market.

Site existing main vehicle flow

Suggested new vehicle flow

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Chapter 04.

Landing

Theoretical framework Precedents learning Methods developing

I found some series and practice that's to solve similar issues through landscape architecture because the phenomenon of traditional market decay is not only occurred in China. In terms of theory, the two major theories are cultural and regional regeneration and creative that urban regeneration, and I've also linked some other related series in order to help me in the coming sessions and terms of practice, there are other abandoned markets in the world, and there are various ways for people to deal with them. Revitalize urban space using culture and using creativity.

Theoretical framework

Key Theory

Practice

History and culture endue local identity

1996

Revitalizing historic urban quarters

Culture-led Urban Regeneration

The Rotterdam Markthal is an attractive case of market transformation. It attracts more tourists by setting up huge murals inside the arcade, transforming the market as a tourist destination and becoming a new landmark of the city.

Markthal, Rotterdam

Community-centred urban regeneration

2013

Seoullo 7017, Seoul

The Routledge companion to urban regeneration

Ernest Burgess

New Urbanism

Culture and community are the two pillars of urban renewal

2019

The Game of Urban Regeneration : Culture & Community in London 2012 and Berlin's Mediaspree

The Ithaca Commons, Ithaca

Jan Gehl A clarion call for imaginative action in developing and running urban life

2000

The Creative City : A Toolkit for Urban Innovators

Creative-led Urban Regeneration

2014

Journal: Beyond the Creative City: Cognitive–Cultural Capitalism and the New Urbanism

Jane Jacobs

Change and responding to change

2015

Spatial Economies

The Creative City : Vision and Execution

2020

Yuxing Zhang 52

Creativity and innovation are situated within concrete fields of social relationships

Rejuvenating of Shajing Ancient Fair Micro Urban Regeneration Based on the Concept of Authenticity and Everyday Life

The new place, scene and field can gradually merge into the new everyday life of the localpeople

Skygarden, Seoullo 7017 is an urban renewal that combines local characteristics, planting Korean special plants on the pedestrian bridge, which has become an attractive attraction.

This is a street-type market reconstruction project. It combines public participation and cultural integration, and is one of the cases where he will learn design technicles in the follow-up.

Beijing 798 is currently the most well-known creative transformation project in China, but because its cultural particularity is different from my project, it is difficult The 798 Arts District, Beijing to learn its design techniques.

Although all the spaces are linear, different materials, scales, terrains are used in each space, and different activities are designed to create a variety Xuhui Runway Park, Shanghai of spatial experiences.

This is a sqaure-type market reconstruction project. It combines cultural integration within design, and is one of the cases where he will learn design technicles in the follow-up.

Dadad Market,Nakorn Ratchasima This is a project focusing on the renovation of the atmosphere, through a series of furniture, installation to enhance the buying experience, thereby Yongnian Food Market, Shanghai upgrading an old market

53

Precedent learning

54

55

Precedent learning

56

57

0

4m

N

8m

Precedent learning-applying method 2m

10m

6m

Existing condition

Method from precedent learning

Abandoned office

Restaurant

Entrance of the site Antique shop

Pop-up shop

Antique shop

Antique market

BB

bb

Light for attraction

0

4m 2m

Kitchen utensils recycling

N

8m 6m

Light for safety

10m

Car sales and maintaining

Applying precedent methods Legend Entrance

Barriers for car

Temporary stuff (e.g. tables)

Abandoned shop

AA

aa

Bicycle parking

Tree box with seat

Test design 1 mainly corresponds to the case of street-type market. A transitional device is added outside the formal main market for informal sales activities, which eases the originally tall market boundary and provides residents with more suitable venues for activities. At the same time, I learned the installation concept in Dadad Market, because of the addition of lights, this area has the possibility of night activities.

This is also the entrance of Zhougudui Market, but in order to be more suitable for the target group, this is an area that can only be walked. In the application case, barriers restricting vehicle entry are set at the entrance, and it can also be used as a bicycle parking. The fences and obstacles that were originally at the entrance will be removed to make the place more reasonable.

Antique market AA 58

aa 59

Precedent learning-applying method Existing condition

Precedent learning solutions

Abandoned shops

Pop-up shop

Fresh food market

Playing area

0

4m 2m

N

8m 6m

Overlapping functions communication area

10m

Applying precedent methods

Coherent landscape symbol

AA

aa

The pocket park- like market is mainly used here because its public space is relatively small, but very important. The design strategy is mainly to provide activity space for nearby residents, and the envisaged activity is mainly to rest and chat here.

The multifunctional social space in the case is used here, and at the same time, a coherent floor decoration is added to increase contact. Combined with another case, a culturally-related landscape (city under the foot) was added to provide an educational play place for the community, suitable for parents to bring their children.

AA

60

City under foot

aa

61

Method developing Through the understanding mentioned above of the literature and the study of the design methods used in the case, I found that the required design strategies are different in different venues. The more worthy learning point in the case is the definition of the marginal space, starting from its own site to design nodes, facilities, etc. The designers of the precedents have made good use of the site conditions so that the newly built landscape conforms to the local characteristics, also has a new role.

However, for Zhougudui Market, simply sweeping out the goods occupying public space and turning it into a green space or a space with ambiguous functions will destroy the market's own ecology. These designs seem to make the Zhougudui Market better, in fact it is a designer's top-down attitude, not necessarily what the community, users, and the government really need. Maybe when it was just built, it can attract some people to the market because of the freshness, but it is not really for the market to solve the problem in the long run. The Zhougudui market will still struggle on the edge of abandonment. It needs a set of design logic that is more suitable for itself, which is also the direction of my next consideration.

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Chapter 05.

Whole market Design response

Identity of Zhougudui Market Element Extraction and Structure Design

Detail design - activity combination area - mixed business district - integrate separate market

Talk to the 30-year-old traditional market about her future

Identity of Zhougudui Market

1992

66

2021

67

Identity of Zhougudui Market Based on the previous analysis, I believe that the Zhougudui Market still retains traces of Hefei's industrial development, especially the architectural elements in the site. Therefore, they can be extracted and used modern technical core and design methods to integrate these elements. Reuse, on the one hand, retains the characteristics of the times, and at the same time, solves the problems of the site and provides space for new opportunities. Cities need to be able to hold memories, whether they belong to individuals or collectives. The cities that carry memories can evoke feelings of nostalgia and create differences between cities.

The city of Hefei and Zhougudui Market are complementary to each other. At the beginning of its establishment, Hefei was also developing rapidly, and disorderly, the overall style of Zhougudui was the same as that of Hefei at that time, full of wildness and wildness during the industrial development.

Thirty years later, when Hefei's development has been relatively complete, the economy has continued to grow, from a backward county in China to a national high-speed rail transportation hub, and the requirement from the city is from barbaric growth to the demand for an exquisite experience. Thus, Zhougudui Market is like a scar in the city inside reminds Hefei of what it was like back then. But I think that when the industrial memory of the city of Hefei has gradually faded, Zhougudui Market can take advantage of this, retain the imprint of time, and use the common memory of a generation to create highlights that attract them.

1992

68

2021

69

Element extraction

Zhougudui Market now

Zhougudui Market 1992-2013

Material Extraction of nostalgic elements from architectures

Structure 70

Shape 71

Element extraction and structure design

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73

Whole market design

0m

Legend

40m

10m

N 100m

Designed structure (original abandoned building) Designed structure with roof

Flexible structure with site identity Chinese standard dual-lane with concrete paving Colourful guiding paving

Colourful lighting lane

Rubber paving

Grassland

Flowerbed

Canopy tree

Site existing building

Site existing rubber paving

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75

Whole market design

Activity combination area Integrate separate markets New bus route for Zhougudui Market

New bus route for Zhougudui Market

New bus stop for Zhougudui Market

New bus route for Zhougudui Market

New bus route for Zhougudui Market Mixed business district

New bus stop for Zhougudui Market

For the entire site, the biggest problem is that the central area does not have attractive means. According to my previous analysis, it can be seen that this area has a huge demand for systems that directly pass through the site. At the same time, due to the unreasonable setting of nearby bus stops and the demand for buses from most of the consumers who came, I first demolished some abandoned buildings and walls on the site to improve the circulation of the entire site. Then, two standard lanes were designed for buses, which are slightly lower than other ground, which can effectively show its particularity. At the same time, based on the previous analysis, two bus stops are set up on the site, so that citizens will be brought into the centre of the market by bus, effectively increasing their chances of using the market.

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Night plan

The lighting system is also mainly arranged around the space that travels through the entire market.

Considering that merchants are unwilling to provide electricity bills, this part of the investment will be paid by the government. Compared with the cost of demolition and relocation, it also provides security and protection for people. In terms of attractiveness, this part of the investment is relatively acceptable to the client.

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Activity combination area

I will introduce more detailed design in the following parts. First is an area that provides new activity space for the community. It is close to the nearby community and has two entrances that were originally only for pedestrians. On the surface, it seems that the Zhougudui market is chaotic. However, after visiting the Zhougudui market many times, I gradually understand that the space environment, people’s direct social status, newly added business formats and economic value in the Zhougudui market are all in common It constitutes its unique style and realizes the rationality of its current disorderly growth. The current state of space is already the result of a game of interests and has its own logic. Therefore, the original logic must be fully understood and respected before the new logic can be added. I first demolished the roof of the abandoned building and turned it into a more suitable activity space for the community. Along with the light strips that echo the grid of the site, it is a decorative object during the day and becomes a civic activity at night, such as square dancing favourable conditions.

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81

Activity combination area 0m

20 10

82

60m 40

N

83

Activity combination area

AA aa

AA

aa

5m

aa

84

5m Chinese standard dual-lane with concrete paving

Original abandoned building

Flower bed with site element

Community activity sqaure

AA

Neighbourhood community building

aa

Tree box with site element

Original abandoned building

Bike parking piles with site element

Chinese standard dual-lane

Booth

AA

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Activity combination area

Activity combination area

Flexible structure

daily use

The structure I designed here is mainly to better serve the Zhougudui Market. In the market, many roads are not lacking in width, but lacking in order. Therefore, I set up a flexible booth, when it opened, it will higher than the ground. Thus, when it opens, a reserved standard road will automatically appear in the middle of the market.

If the environment is improved and order is improved, traffic will not be hindered, and at the same time, the aforementioned conflicts between businesses and managers will be resolved.

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Activity combination area

Activity combination area

Flexible structure

waterfroof

88

at night

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Mixed business district This place is the most complex area of Zhougudui Market. It mixes a variety of business formats and has different requirements for venues,so I designed different types of facilities to meet its needs. At the same time, because there were a lot of parking areas here, when these random parking phenomena were prevented by the set of tree ponds, in order to return the parking area, I removed the walls of two small abandoned buildings and used their structures to design new car parks.

Plant and antique shop

new car parks

Vehicle shop

Restaurant

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91

Mixed business district

0m

20 10

92

60m 40

N 93

Mixed business district AA aa AA aa

Building higher than 8m Construction reducing the pressure of large buildings

70°

aa

10m

Specific structure booth for plant shop

AA

aa

6m

AA

The main purpose here is to use newly-added structures to weaken the oppressive feeling of huge buildings on people and form a scale that is more suitable for people.

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Mixed business district

Mixed business district

The reuse of abandoned building

This place was originally a huge abandoned building. In my design, it is located in a very important transportation hub. So, I demolished part of its roof and used the frame structure. One part became the bus station in the site, and the other part became a pocket park provides a place for the community. The remaining part of the roof is the shading structure of the bus station and park.

bus stop

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Mixed business district

The reuse of abandoned building

pocket garden

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Integrate separate markets The third area is to demolish the abandoned building of the previously separated fresh food market. The reason for its separation is that before 2013, there was a dispute over the company's interests during the expansion of the Zhougudui market, and there is no such problem now. After the demolition of the abandoned buildings, it is connected with the complete Zhougudui Market and provides consumers with more choices and convenient travel. At the same time, the crowded area has more space, and the public space after the demolition can be used. Provide the possibility of irregular activities in the market.

On the other hand, there is also a bus station I designed in this area. It connects with the main entrance and exit of Zhougudui Market.

It will become a place where many people use it. Therefore, I designed a corridor, a corridor element. The building from the site, half of it is used to display historical photos of Hefei; the other half can provide advertising services for the market or become the venue of exhibitions when necessary.

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Integrate separate markets

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0m

20 10

60m 40

N

103

Integrate separate markets

AA

aa AA

aa

5m

aa

104

Chinese standard dual-lane with concrete paving

16m

5m Booth

City history exhibition

Pedestrian corridor with site element

Chinese standard dual-lane with concrete paving

New entrance for the shop

AA

AA

Original half abandoned building

Tree box with site element

aa

105

Integrate separate markets

Existing condition

No vehicles from 7 to 9 am

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107

Integrate separate markets

7-9am

other time in a day

This area originally required managers to control the vehicles in the morning, it was very troublesome. I designed a movable tree pool with site elements and moved them to the door in the morning to block the vehicles, which can reduce the management staff needs.

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Integrate separate markets

special activity

On the other hand, some events are occasionally held in this area, such as used book fairs. Therefore, I reassembled some building parts that were dismantled elsewhere to form a pop-up shop booth. They can be placed in this green space when they are not needed. As a decoration next to it, some free booths can be provided when an event is held.

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Chapter 06.

Conclusion of the Project 路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。

Conclusion & reflection Reference list

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The road ahead will be long and our climb will be steep.

——Yuan Qu

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Conclusion& Reflection China has undergone tremendous changes in the past three decades after the free market led by the Reform and Opening-up policy in 1978. Places that were originally well developed may also gradually fall behind because they cannot keep up with the times.

Many places in China have been gradually unable to keep up with development, such as Zhougudui Market, and more and more refined micro-renewal is considered to be the direction of the next-stage urban regeneration. After studying and researching during this period of time, I believe that the most important thing in urban renewal is to solve the problem of demand. At present, it also needs to shift from society as a whole to the attention to different groups of people, attention to different regions, and fall to the human level to make the difference.

The community of interests is more motivated to participate.

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As a thoughtful designer, you should prefer listeners and sympathizers rather than leading decision-makers in future projects. Most of China's urban regeneration perspectives are still elitist or an airborne entry, which has changed everything. The designers photographed what the urban transformation is, but the people who really use these places feel that it has nothing to do with their lives, which will cause more problems to occur after the transformation.

Therefore, my design focus has changed from how to improve a market to gradually respecting it, using it, and carrying forward its own culture. And this update can be used in the Zhougudui Market and in many other venues in China. It is not a specific method, but after fully understanding the needs of space, time and people, it is natural to demonstrate the need for better scenarios.

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Reference list Books cited in the front

Doyle, James E, & Mickov, Biljana. (2015). The Creative City. London: Routledge.

Gehl, Jan. & Koch, Jo. (2011). Life between buildings: using public space. Island Press.

Landry, C., & Earthscan. (2000). The creative city : A toolkit for urban innovators. London: Earthscan Publications.

Leary, Michael E., & McCarthy, John. (2013). The Routledge companion to urban regeneration (Routledge companions). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Tiesdell, Steven, Oc, Taner, & Heath, Tim. (1996). Revitalizing historic urban quarters. Boston: Butterworth-Architecture.

Weber-Newth, F. (2019). The Game of Urban Regeneration : Culture & Community in London 2012 and Berlin's Mediaspree (Urban Studies). Bielefeld: Transcript-Verlag.

Journal

Goldhaber, M. (1997). The attention economy and the Net. First Monday. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v2i4.519 Whiting, James, & Hannam, Kevin. (2017). ‘The secret garden’: Artists, bohemia and gentrification in the Ouseburn Valley, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. European Urban and Regional Studies, 24(3), 318-334.

Scott, A. J. (2014). Beyond the Creative City: Cognitive–Cultural Capitalism and the New Urbanism. Regional Studies, 48(4), 565-578.

Yuxing Z.& Xing H.(2020).Rejuvenating of Shajing Ancient Fair Micro Urban Regeneration Based on the Concept of Authenticity and Everyday Life. ARCHITECTURAL JOURNAL, 2020(10), 049-057

Local report

Miao, Y. (2017). Analysis and Forecast of Consumption Structure of Urban Residents in Hefei City (pp. 25-37). Hefei: Anhui University.

Wang, X. (2020). Satisfaction Evaluation of Urban Renewal from the Public Perspective (pp. 85-90). Hefei: Hefei University of Technology. Retrieved from https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFDTEMP &filename=1020304906.nh&v=NRuJZ4LcHY2VFD1kae6Q%25mmd2FoZBSNg01BGPlNAD7n3TPkoKqNQQwUfyXcEvfeqCAY31

Website

Baohe.gov.cn. (2020). Retrieved 3 July 2020, from http://www.baohe.gov.cn/public/applyQuery/1401?keywords=%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&isAllSite=true&siteId=6786061&platformCode=hefei_govc.Works / DADAD Market. Btarchitecture.jp. (2017). Retrieved 15 July 2020, from http://www.btarchitecture.jp/w13_dadadmarket.html.

Hefei News. (2019). 老周谷堆，曾经的“钻石批发市场”！. [online] Available at: <https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1653434555090619311&wfr=spider&for=pc> [Accessed 20 October 2020].

Highpoint Pop Up Park | ASPECT Studios. ASPECT Studios. (2020). Retrieved 14 September 2020, from https://www.aspect-studios.com/au/project/highpoint-pop-park.

Project Information. Ithaca Commons Project Updates. (2015). Retrieved 10 October 2020, from https://ithacacommons.wordpress.com/project-information/.

Sustainable Sustainable Consumption and Production-United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. (2020). Retrieved 21 Oct 2020, from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-consumption-production/ Economic Growth-United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. (2020). Retrieved 21 July 2020, from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/economic-growth/.

Database

国家地理信息公共服务平台 天地图. Tianditu.gov.cn. 合肥市第七次全国人口普查公报（第一号）. http://www.hefei.gov.cn/xxgk/gsgg/106488047.html

Other readings

Liang, Y., Research on the Construction of Urban Market Space Order.2016. Beijing: Tsinghua University,MA thesis.

Tomlinson, N. and Alvarez Planas, V., 2018. Contemporary Market Architecture Planning And Design. Mulgrave: Victoria: Images Publishing Group Pty. Francis, M. and Griffith, L., 2011. The Meaning and Design of Farmers' Markets as Public Space: An Issue-Based Case Study. Landscape Journal, 30(2), pp.261-279.

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