CHANG Aikun_Well Nested

Autobiography

I always thought that my grandma lived well until the epidemic forced me to stay at home, and I got along with my grandmother for a period of time and I found that her life was not as good as I had imagined.

The thing that first attracts me is the ‘tramp’ life of my grandma, an 80-year-old person, always ready for her journey with well-packed luggage in her room. To keep a close relationship with her children, she has to move around with them for their frequent change career and living capability. Not only for physical support but also a mental desire for “home”.

In Chinese traditional culture, rather than a house to live in, the concept of home emphasises a strong bonding and a close relationship between generations in a family. For the elders including my grandma who deeply believe in this, their sense of belongings towards home completely depends on the relationship with their children. Home is where their children are.

Thus, living with children and taken care of by them regarded as the greatest happiness in their later life. Our younger generation should follow the olders’ desire because it shows our China's, so-called filial piety in one family.

However, like most others, grandma’s “dream home” could not be achieved easily. With more and more older people living away from their children or grandchildren, they are losing their “home”, they gradually get a worrying title called “Empty nester ”, and the phenomenon that older people cannot get close support from their immediate family and live in a poverty become a serious social problem. It is a social-cultural dilemma in this modern society.

The rapid urban pace brings great opportunities to the youth, with a broader developing context. Young people are more likely to change location. But for the elders, the continuously changing urban environment is over their receptivity in their age, plus, the deeply rooted traditional mind in family connection makes them ignore their self-value and disconnect themselves from outdoor social interactions. Thus, as Chinese older people are facing with both inner problem and environmental problem, the group are in a great disadvantage in our society.

Regarding this situation, Landscape Architecture could be a social and cultural intermediary place in the community, providing physical help and mental support to older residents.

Providing older people a sense of home in a broader context of our community. As landscape architects, we should engage in the community and truly understand what they need, providing older people services and make sure every person is engaged and well cared for.

In this project, I want to help older people to lead a better later life, not only my grandma but also all the elders. Rather than chasing after their children everywhere they go, they could engage in a broader community, raise an independent and happy life on their own, build up their homeland, and don’t need to be overly dependent on their children anymore!

Mission Statement Aiming to alleviate social-cultural issues that arise among the aging population, revitalizing communities that contribute to older people’s health and well-being. The project targets a specific group called “empty nester”, where we shall reach out to the older people in the community, empowering them to build up their own “homeland” for achieving self-value and better later lives, inspired by the Japanese concept of Ikigai.

The document is a guidebook for the Regional Welfare Department, to encourage and help them with a detailed operating process to achieve a better living quality for older residents.

The project narrows down to the site Workers’village, Tiexi District, Shenyang as a pilot site, working with localresidents as a volunteer team, cooperate with a series of local authorities - Gongrencun school,Tiexi hospital, Tiexi heritage committee, and Tiexi tourist board that offers space and technical support. In addition to any private business owner or individual volunteers that willing to offer help are our potential cooperator.

In the community context, we conceptualize landscape as “home”, with deep research and understanding of “home” and older people’s needs, the abstract word could be divided into sense of belonging, collective unity, and sense of place through time. Offering those older people a sense of home by inviting older people to join programs and activities on the site, specifically with historical and social value.

In terms of stakeholders, the elders are our main beneficiaries. Their voice and engagement will provide us important information to compiling this guidebook. Thus, to reach out to local older residents, we set up a series of bottom-up engaging process, inviting them to join each step with a specific status and responsibilities from organizer to designer, empowering them to respond to their own living environment (home).

In our aging society, more and more communities will face problems in taking care of their older residents. Through empowering the older people to join in the design process, the project brings new design solutions that are acceptable for both the government and the older residents (users). It provides a platform for both parties to cooperate, having effective and timely communication at the design stage to make decisions. Thus, implementing this practice does not only help older people to achieve self-value but also significantly improve their quality of life. This provides a better framework for other design practices to achieve a better relationship between planner and user resulting in better design work.

Hoping that this project could really help older people to find their homeland and have a happy later life.

Foreword Well nested focus on the rising social-cultural issues among the aging population in China, figuring out solutions to alleviate the issues through community engagement design practice.

It hopes to provide older Chinese people a better later lives.

Under the hastening pace of urbanization, the older generation had been facing incomprehensible challenges in adapting to changing physical and social context, especially weakening inter- generational relationship that leads Chinese older people into an disadvantaged stage of losing sense of belonging in this society, especially with their “tradition culture burden”.

This project focuses on a specific location in Workers Village, Tiexi District, Shenyang, which has a big aging community. Currently improper infrastructure and little social opportunities are marginalizing the old people in the society. The life there is cheerless. However, back in the past, the condition is completely different. It was a precious industrial base in the country side, cultivating professional worker made great effort. Until 30 years ago, industrial revolution took away active industries and young generations, leaving behind our older workers behind with a significant rift in their living context.

In reality, this phenomenon has a bigger story in a broader context - Chinese Developing History. The first baby boom in the 1970s brought a huge aging population basement to today’s society. Thus, with rapid modern urbanization, numerous regions like workers village are struggling with aging issue, and these older people get a social title called “Empty Nester”, meaning that most of our elders cannot adopt to their environment and get close support from their immediate family, losing their sense of home and belonging.

Thus, we appreciate that Well Nested focus on this issue aging pension problem has already been great challenge through development of most of the regions in China. After identifying the issue stated above, this guidebook brings about specific interventions and practical measures to help alleviate the problem. Additionally, according to this well planned and visualized document, we can see the potential value of the methodology to cater for a broader context in our country.

The project would formally launch in Jun. 2021, organizing the first community volunteer group and ensure cooperation with local authorities. Then the information collection and initial design would be confirmed by Dec. 2021. At the beginning of 2022, the project will begin comprehensive construction and the whole project would be staged accordingly base on feedback and outcomes. We hope to revisit and get feedback for upgrading every five years.

Our government would help to legislate policies, work closely with to local authorities, call on public participation and offer support through whole process to make sure that the project proceed smoothly.

On behalf of the Regional Welfare Department, we would like to thank Landscape Architect Chloe for her initiative, and providing us with this guidebook that is very helpful for future urban development and benefiting the well-being of the residents. We look forward to realising this project.

Dedicate

This project cost me nearly one year time, which is a really fruitful period, thanks for the tutorial in Master of Landscape Architecture in RMIT, providing me a chance to have a deeper understanding of the major, and realize the aspect that I am good at through doing the project.

Thanks Jen, Ha Thai, Danny, which are my tutors through the project, the gave me great support with working out the project, thanks for Jen, With her guides from the beginning, Led me to a in depth and specific research. Thanks Ha Thai, lead me to go into details, helping me to form a basic framework of the project. Thanks Danny, the last but most important, not only help me to refine the whole project and complete it and also with his guide and encourage, I am more clear and confident with my project and more bravely to talk about it.

Thanks for my grandma, I am inspired by her living quality, and then formed the project, hoping this project could really help the older people like her that supporting their lives in the futher.

Thanks for my parents, thank for their support, which give me a powerful backing, to let me work on my project without worries.

Thanks for my precise friends, they are They are the most precious treasure I have gained during this time. Thank you Shi Shu, Mingyu Sun, Gordon, Xuefan Qin...Thank them for accompanying me, learning and making progress together with me.

Finally, I would like to thank myself. It was not an easy task to complete this project. I would like to thank myself for not giving up in so many difficult times and sticking to keep up with the project So far, I have been working with landscape design for seven years. I have grown a lot and gained a lot along the way. I hope the future would be better.

Project Framework

CONTENT 01

PROJECT RESEARCH AGENDA AN AGEING SOCIETY A NATIONAL ISSUE ISSUE ARISING BACKGROUND POLICY

02

SITE CONTEXT RESEARCH Pilot site-Workers Village, Tiexi DIstrict, Shenyang, China.

SITE LOCATION CITY CONTEXT ANALSIS DISTRICT CONTEXT ANALYSIS REFLECTION

03

CONCERN FOR OLDER PEOPLE AGEING

THEORY OF IKIGAI

04 Theoritical Framework THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK PRECEDENT STUDY

05 Project Intiative Nanshiyixi Road, Worker Village

COMMUNITY ENGAGING STRATEGY NEW POLICY COMMUNITY SOCIAL CONDITION ENGAGING STAGES_FROM ORGANIZER TO SUPERVISOR

06 Neighborhood design NANSHIYIXI ROAD_MASTER PLAN STREET DESIGN STRATEGY SITE 1_WAITING GARDEN SITE 2_HOME CARE GARDEN AND HERITAGE PLAZA SITE 3_COMMUNITY PLAZA

07

APPENDIXAND BIBILOGRAPHY THEORY OF IKIGAI

01 PROJECT RESEARCH AGENDA

14

AN AGEING SOCIETY

Chinese Ageing Condition

16,034,563 over 65 years old

14.47%

Percentage of total population

Chinese ageing condition

LEGEND Empty Nester Population(million)

Population Density (/KM2)

<0.2

>2000

0.2 - 0.99

1000-2000

1.0 - 1.99

400-1000

2.0 - 2.99

50-400

>3

<50

Migration Trend

Migration Prone Zone

Migration Prone Zone

Migration Prone Zone

Under the serious ageing condition, a great amount of older people distribute all around the country.

However, as urban development is uneven, plus traffic system has been well improved, there is a great working migration trend across the country, which means yonger people head to big city with older people left behind in smaller city. Without well cared, these older people have been one of the most concerning group in our society.

15

A NATIONAL ISSUE

HOME

家 NEST

巢

Chinese meaning of "HOME Home and family are really important in Chinese people's lives. As Chinese tradition emphasis "filial piety" and it makes Chinese families attach great importance to" intergenerational interdependence" between the elderly and their children.

Thus we could describe home more likely to be nest(bird nest).As nest presents the mother bird buid a nest takes care of the young , which emphasizes a kind of close relationship and intergenerational interdependence.

However, according to this, now the elderly lack the care and companionship of their children, so it refers to the lack of family-based links between the elderly and their children. "Children are not in the nest" losing this relationship in the family and this is why we call them empty nester, which means they are losing their sense of home

Understanding of Empty Nester

空 巢 老 人 16

Empty nester is a specific group among Chinese older people means who lives alone without younger generation in the house, but also a social issue which means older people who cannot get close support from their children are even regarded as being abandoned that greatly disadvantages Chinese older people both in physical living quality and mental condition.

The issue arised base on Chinese tradition culture. First is filial piety makes Chinese families attach great importance to this " intergenerational interdependence" between the elderly and their children, so our meaning of "home" is more like a "nest" for them.

In fact, after China entered the aging society, thiss social phenomenon have exist, the rapid deterioration of the plight for the elderly also revealed, drawing the attention of the society. These years,there are 10 movies of empty nest elderly subjects, and 30 the public welfare advertisement and also related work produced,to call .attention of the public to this problem.

A Chinese Ageing Group Called " Empty Nester "

Happy later life with children and grandchildren, 2012, Internet

The family desire of an "empty nester",2015, Internet 17

ISSUE ARISING BACKGROUND

"the state promotes family planning to make population growth fit the plan for economic and social development. Advocating one child for every couple" First Baby Boom

The Founding of People’s Republic of China

Some time later, China ushered in the first baby boom, which lasted for 8 years. It was the main baby boom with the largest birth population in the history. At that time, with the help of fertility subsidies, the birth rate was 33 per thousand, nearly 260 million people was born Great Population Base

Negative Intervention To control the rapid growth of population, the country put forward the one-child policy, which required each family to raise only one child, which effectively reduced the birth rate.

Since China finally founded, Chinese people living standard gradually rose, and the material and medical level were guaranteed to a certain extent.

As a result, since the founding of the country, China's birth rate rose, the number of people grew rapidly.

18

Demographic and relevant policy

Within a country, when the proportion of the elderly over 65 in the society exceeds 7%, it indicates that the society is entering the aging stage.

Continus Impact Second Baby Boom During this period, the new population of the previous baby boom in China has settled down and entered the childbearing age, so a new baby boom occurs.We call it the echo baby boom, Similarly, China has a baby boom every 20-30 years on average.

Issue Arised With the implementation of the onechild policy, China's family structure h a s a l s o c h a n ge d . I n 2 0 1 2 , t h e government put forward the concept of "4-2-1" family structure for the first time. It means that after two only children get married and have a child, there are four old people to be raised.This family model places all the pressure especially supporting the elderly on the adult children.However, under rapid economic development , the degree of aging is deepening, and the pressure of supporting the elderly gradually exceeds capacity of the younger generation

Issue Worse Under the influence of the population base and re l e va nt p o l i c i e s , t h e elderly population has been growing rapidly.

China has entered the aging stage in an all-round way in only 10 years(over 14% older people over 65)

New Born Population

Older Population Percentage(%) 19

POLICY

Demographic and relevant policy

MINISTRY OF CIVIL AFFAIRS DESIGNATED PENSION WELFARE STANDARD Formulate pension welfare policies policy 2010 - Chinese “the Twelfth Five-year Plan ” “90-7-3”pension pattern 90%home-based pension care 7% community based pension care 3% insititution based pension care policy 2012 - Transformation of pension Service industry Community Collabration Private pension service institutions will be replaced by public ones, and individual enterprises will be encouraged to invest in the establishment of pension service institutions, so as to ease the fiscal expenditure of the state and realize a win-win situation for the elderly and other social groups.

GENERAL OFFICE OF THE PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT (Liaoning Province) Develop home-based and community-based elderly care services.Guarantee facilities and site in strict accordance with standards. Weaving a dense service network.Relying on community service facilities for the aged. Extend the range of service, especially for people with disability. providing free or low-charge care services for the elderly and disabled (including dementia, the same below) in families with subsistence allowances, low-income families and special family planning families LOCAL ORGANZATION(Shenyang city) Policy 2020"Star pension institutions "evaluation Strategy In order to standardize the service market of old-age care institutions in Shenyang, improve the management level of old-age care institutions, and better provide highquality services for the elderly in hospitals, Shenyang Civil Affairs Bureau rates the pension institution into five levels according to the food, housing, maintenance, nursing, entertainment, rehabilitation, health care, medical treatment, psychological counseling.

20

REFLECTION

Issue Identification

Lone Old man at home, 2010, Internet Nowadays, China is at serious ageing stage, a great amount of older people need to be cared.However, both for the development history of Chinese population,leading to a gap in the number of old and young generation, and also for the rapid urban development that bringing with economic pressure and also promoting working migration for younger generation, making it more and more difficult for the young taking care of their aging parents. Thus, for most Chinese traditional family, without close support from their children, the older people as we called empty nester who are lack of physical and mental relationship within their family are greatly disadvantaged, their lives are like being “empty”,losing their self awareness and social identity. Thus, they have been the most worried group in our society.

In order to help them out, the government came out some relevant policies, as they realized the family based pension system has been a burden for both young and old, and gradually considering get help out of family. From local government to local author ties are encouraged to collaborate, provide service and convince within a comfortable environment, so that older people could enjoy their later lives in a broader context.

21

02 SITE CONTEXT RESEARCH Pilot site-Workers Village, Tiexi DIstrict, Shenyang, China.

22

SITE LOCATION

Workers Village

Workers' Village

Liaoning Province

Tiexi District

The project located on Workers Village, Tiexi District, Shenyang, China as a pilot site, which is near my own location that I am familiar with.Besides, the site is also a classic aging community with old historical building material, and also with a great amount of aging population to be concerned. This renewal project will provide the community and the older residents a better independent social life.

Workers' village

23

City Context Analysis

Shenyang, Liaoning Province

The Origins of Shenyang

Shenyang has a strong developing track through time, and it is still one of the most active city of the country, as local government clearly brings with city developing strategy for a long period, and as it shown, the city would be developed based on current CBD zone and activating new district along a certain route.However, some old district that are not located on the route are lack of concern.

First Railway Line

Shengjing city

Developing Foundation The city was f i rst l y b u i l t i n Qing Dynasty as “Shengjing ”, to be defentive, the city formed as enclosed rampart and road system to b e i s o l ate d from outside world.

24

1905, the railway line “Anfeng Line” pass through Shenyang. Open the door of the city to the world, and also improved the d e ve l o p m e n t o f city transporting industry.

Tiexi Industrial Zone

Shenyang City

Rising Industrial

Developing City

During Janpanese aggression, shenyang become an important strongfold with its traffic convinence, and the Japanese set up a industrial zone firstly near the Tiexi railway station called “Tiexi Industrial zone” , and lead a rising industrial wave in the city.

The development of industry gradually brought along the development of the w h o l e c i t y.C i t i e s are getting bigger a s t h e i n d u st r i a l become stronger.

The city have been an important

City Develop Trend

Key development area

Legnd Industrial Zone Residential Zone Main Urban Zone City CBD

Lingbei Industrial Zone

Emergying Industrial Zone

Hunbei City Zone

Central City Zone

Human City Zone

Central City Zone

Developing Rural Zone

Modern Agricultural Zone Dadong Heavy Industrial Zone

Shenyang Government

Lingbei High Technology Industrial Zone

Tiexi Heavy Industrial Zone

Current Situation

25

City Context Analysis Population condition Currently, the Shenyang city is at a deep aging stage, which means the city is under great pressures in aging care, especially for some districts that are out of urban developing route that are not so attractable for younger generation as other active districts. We really need to take measure to support these older residents to ensure the city functions well.

8,326,171

0.04‰

1,934,000

8.40%

total population

ageing population

natural growth rate

growth rate(2019)

Ageing Population Condition

CITY AGE STRUCTURE

As it shown, besides current accounted aging group in the city. However, more concerning thing is that, the population between 50-60 which means that the city would welcome a great amount(with over 1,400,000) of older people in future ten years and it is important to prepare for it.

26

City Population Condition

Legnd population density (/KM2) <5000 5001 - 10000 10000 -20000 (Younger generation) Migration Zone

1,934,000 over 60 years old

25.27%

Percentage of total city population 27

District Context Analysis Legend Industry transform process 1980s Active Factories 2010s Active Factories 2030s industurial planning

EVVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

Site Location

1980

2010

?

2030 City appearance changed a lot, 2019, Internet

28

Under the influence of the overall urban planning, Tiexi District are facing with factory relocation and industrial industry update, the government is moving old factories all moved to the new development zone, and updating the industry structure for the detailed plan to revive the economy. Therefore, the economic and living center of Tiexi District shifting to the new western development zone. Then, the original old city has lost its active industries with a great environmental change. The traces of the city left by past industrial activities are being replaced by new buildings.

Distict Apperance upgrade process

Old residential buildings (1980s) Old residential buidlings-reserved (2010s) New residential buildings (2010s) Future planing new residential buildings (2030s) Future planing Route

City Population Condition Chemical industrial zone

Modern construction industrial zone BMW Motor Industrial zone

Planning new residential zone

Modern structure small and medium-sized industrial zone

TIEXI URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATGY((2030)

29

District Context Analysis

Tiexi DIstrict Ageing condition Tiexi District is the most aging district of the Shenyang city with a great amount of older people to be cared and also a large population are aging.

Local old Tiexi Residents Lives

EVVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

However, after a series of urban renewal in Tiexi, the city's appearance has undergone a huge change. For the elderly people who have grown up with the city and have established a strong emotional connection with the city, they are losing a sense of familiarities and also belongings gather with a disappearance of sense of self-identification when stand in a new urban context and have difficulties in adapting in their later lives

30

In 1948, Shenyang was fully liberated. These Tiexi residents were born into promising era. With rapid industrial and economic growth, and spent their childhoods with a high quality of life

In the 1970s, these people grew i nto yo un g men , an d i n t h e heyday of industrial production, it was almost the choice of most people to be factory workers.

They work hard and make great effort in construction the city

Distict Ageing Condition

165,200

over 60 years old

16.20%

Percentage of total city population

In the 1990s, middle-aged Tiexi people faced a huge change in their lives. The city got in trouble in further development, the worker lost their jobs,the once prosperous city was now desolate. they are facing with challages to support their lives.

Now, Tiexi District has successfully t ra n s fo r m e d i t s e l f u n d e r t h e guidance of urban planning policies.

The city economy has gradually begun to develop steadily, people's living conditions have begun to improve, and people have entered the stage of old age.

31

The city, he writes, is "a theatre of social action." and everything else art. poiincs, education, commerce - only serves to make the "social drama . more richly significant, as a stage-set. well-designed, intensifies and underlines the gestures Lewis Mumford,"What is a city?"

32

REFLECTION

Social and Spatial context issue

What is Older people' Utopia in mordern,2021,Internet

In broader view, the site locates in a serious ageing context, it seems that the older generation would “occupy” the area that are out of further urban planning strategy of Shenyang city, as it lack of active factories that attractive to younger generation, without well planned, these area are having difficulties in supporting their local residents especially the most concerned aging group.

For those local residents of Tiexi District, their living context changed a lot under urban development through time.For the elderly people who have grown up with the city and have established a strong emotional connection with the city, they are losing a sense of familiarity and also belongings, together with a disappearance of sense of self-identification when stand in a new urban context and have difficulties in adapting in it their later lives.

Thus, we should consider how landscape architect provides play a role in alleviating elderly people from these social and environmental change of their living context and regain self awareness and enjoy urban social lives.

33

03 CONCERN FOR OLDER PEOPLE

34

AGING Process of Ageing Under the process of ageing, there are great change of their physical ability, and social condition especially when they retire.

Representing as environmental adaptability and reduced opportunities for social connection, These impact take some disadvantage during ageing and greatly decrease the quality of their later lives

Understanding of ageing

WHAT DOSE IT MEAN TO AGEING

35

"Ikigai gives a sense of purpose to each and every day and plays an important role in their health and longevity."

"Having a clearly defined ikigai brings satisfaction, happiness, and meaning to our lives.apanese philosophy on the lasting health of body, mind, and spirit"

"the keys to longevity are diet, exercise, finding a purpose in life (an ikigai), and forming strong social ties—that is, having a broad circle of friends and good family relations"

36

THEORY

IKIGAI

IKIGAI - LIVING PHYLOSOPHY "Life to be worthwhile."

Ikigai refers to the local older people have a happy and busy lifestyle, they maintain a positive attitude, healthy diet and never stop working and contact with society, were found to be the secret of their happy old age life and longevity. With this, they could lead a independent and enjoyable later lives

OKINAWA- A Longivity Village

*Healthy diet “Fill your belly to 80 percent.”

“One hundred percent of the people we interviewed keep a vegetable garden, and most of them also have fields of tea, mangoes, shikuwasa, and so on.” *Keep strong community collection “All belong to some form of neighborhood association, where they feel cared for as though by family.”

“Moai - It is customary in Okinawa to form close bonds within local communities.A moai is an informal group of people with common interests who look out for one another. Keeping emotional and financial stability.the feeling of belonging and support gives the individual a sense of security and helps increase life expectancy *Celebrate all the time-Join in various activities ”They are passionate about everything they do, however insignificant it might seem.

They celebrate all the time, even little things. Music, song, and dance are essential parts of daily life.” *Belongings to Local Context They are very proud of their traditions and local culture.

37

04 Theoritical Framework

38

Theoritical Framework

Landscape as HOME

Landscape as a intermediatary socio-cultural space settling the older people in a broader living context

Base on the research about social and environmental issue that negatively impact on older population living condition. Plus, inspired by the Japanese theory of Ikigai that forming a strong connection to their community and joining neighbor event make the older residents have more passions toward life and independent to lead a enjoyable and busy life to spend their later time with high quality.

The project comceputal landscape or urban place as “home”, provide intermediatory social and cultural space that settling the older people in a broader living context out of family – with in local community., to alleviate their current living issue.

For the concept of home, it could be divided into empowering them to achieve a sense of ownership to their living context; Work with their nostalgia for their sense of belongings to their local context and provide opportunities for them join in community activities for forming collective unity, and also improving the physical condition with service and infrastructure improvement for an adaptable environment for the elderly. Achieving these in the process of revitalizing the community space, for a better later life for local residents.

39

Precedent Study

40

Precedent Study

41

05 Project Intiative Nanshiyixi Road, Worker Village

42

Community Engaging Strategy

Empower older residents

43

44

New Policy

Lanuching with Strong support

45

Community Social Condition Get Support from Local Authorities Followed the new policies, the project would ask for supports from local authorities and private business, as they could provide certain services for older residents, providing a more reliable social context that support older people’s living quality.

Hold culture and historical based festival Attract tourist and investors

Basic Living support (especially for disabled) Hospice care

Energetic atmosphere Interaction opportunities with younger generactions

Provide Medical Service Hold health education (outdoor lecture) Blood Donation opportunities

46

Skateholder and service

Legend Intervention site range (along Nanshiyixi Road) Community boundary(Workers Village) Site boundary

Local Authorities

Connection to local authorties

Popular Point for Elderly

47

48

Stage 1 - Older People as Organizer

Form a volunteer group

Work Mode Firstly, to connect the whole community and organically communicate with them, we form volunteer groups in each private neighborhood, there will a regular structure for each group to ensure that we keep in touch with all kinds of residents in the community, consider about them. Besides, the volunteer group could represent for the whole community that talk with our landscape architect, connect with other neighborhood with in community, and also discuss cooperation with local authorities more effectively.

Forming a effective connection 49

Stage 2 - Older People as User

Work Mode With the help of volunteer group, to get in touch with local older residernst and collect information from them through chatting with them, taking photos and also joining in their daily daily activities to really understand their needs in life (especially for space engaging).

Reflection The action would came out with a activity mapping, knowing about local residents daily activity and their daily route, combining this mapping, it makes the residents outdoor lives more visible and clear to see the places they prefer or not, so that we could identify the site quality more effectively 50

Grandma Li Daily Route Grandpa Su Daily Route

Collect Information

51

Stage 3 Older people as Participants Photos/Comments from residents

Street (reflect on site)

A

A'

Work Mode At stage 3 the main thing to do is site issue identification. In this part, all the older residents (also including other residents) are encouraged to take photos (its better that they write some comments on that) of the community space that they consider need improvement, and take them to us (main for volunteer group), and after that, we organize and classify the photos, reflect on the site issue with local people together.

B

Reflection The work focus on street, public space and heritage site that related to intervention site ( Nanshiyixi Road Range) and with photos and comments we are seeing the community environment in older people’s eyes, thus it is more clear to identify some spatial issues for older people in their community lives. And the project would solve these issues with older people in further design Concerning space

B'

Identify issue (Spatial)

*Neighborhood Lane

*Mixed transporting Road

The older residents have comments on the parking cars, as the cars became a fence that limiits their range of activities around neighborhood

It is a car bike and people sharing lane, local residents have concern of safty issues.

*Office Block -other generation The older residents have the willing to connect with other generations and they need space and platform to connect with them.

No.74 Zhougong Lane-Busy Neighborhood Lane *Activity center and street Front Outdoor Activity Center

*Vehicle Road Road Crossing Safty

Community activity center is the most welcomed place among older residents.Besides indoor room, some older people prefer outdoor space to play with friends.

When older people crossing the road, they feel worried and nervous about the safty when facing with cars and timing traffic light.

No.25 Nanshisi Lane- Neighborhood Lane 53

Stage 3 - Older people as Participate Photos/Comments from residents

Public space (reflect on site)

A'

A

B

54

Concerning space

B'

Identify issue (Spatial)

*Transiting to a broader context

*Space engaging opportunities

The space besides buildings could be regarded as a transiting space for older people who live there and also for the people pass by, so there is a potential opportunities for them to interact with each other

small scale neighborhood outdoor space need to be well furnitured for older people daily activities and social interaction

Residential Park - small scale

*Large Space with large structure Most People don't like a great stable form that occupy on public space as it takes place of a open view, but as there are still some people using it for seats or other activities, we should consider how could the furniture adapt to people's need and achieve resilience

Residential Public space -Large Scale

55

Stage 3 - Older People as Participant Photos /Comments from residents

Heritage plaza (reflect on site)

A

B'

B

A'

*Fence A clear and serious boundary between home care center and the heritage plaza. Although it keep the security, it also provent older people to interact with outside, and make the space less enjoyable with black fence.

56

Concerning space

Identify issue (Spatial)

*Unique Texture

*Attached to Museum

The square is surrounded by building with historical texture that giving the space a special atomphere.Thus, besides holding daily activities, it is expected to provide more immersive experience.

The heritage museum on site is the most attractable space within the whole community. Not only for older people, but also tourist and other resident , which requires some potential opportunities for interaction.

Heiritage Site

*Furniture/Signature The outdoor furniture on site should adapt to the historical context, as currently thare are some modern metal facilities on the site, but it seems to be an extra thing for the site and also some small sculpture are related but it is not functioning the site, not as a landmark or a good scenic just like a barrier on the square

Heiritage Site

57

06 Neighborhood design Nanshiyixi Road

58

59

Nanshiyixi Road - Masterplan

3

4

2 6

1

5

Legend 1

Waiting Garden

4

Heritage Museum

7

Community Plaza

2

Elderly Home Care Garden

5

Primary School

8

Parking Lot

3

Heritage Plaza

6

Elderly Home Care

9

Tiexi Hosipital

8

6

7

Street Design Strategy The roads together with public space, they work as a network providing accessibility and social programs to form a collective community.

Considering the priority of waliking within the community , increasing the spatial connection with better walking environment for community older residents Circulation and Accessibility

Legend Pedestrain Route Vehicle Road Limited Vehicle Road within Neighborhood zebra crossing Ramp for Wheelchair Road Safety Design

62

“we really have come to realised what this society means to us, what other people mean to us, how much we long to look out of the window and see some life in the streets "( Jan Gehl,2016) To Form strong social connection within the community, we active the space along Nanshiyixi Road through providing programs and social activities .

Active space

Community Interaction

Waiting Garden - Masterplan 6 3

5 Legend 1

Workers Village primary school playground

2

Children picking outcoffee cafe

3

Maze of bench

4

Water square Parking lot (for picking children)

5 6 7

Neighborhood building Nanshiyixi Bus stop 1

6

4

6 3

7

2

Waiting Garden Scene 1

Memory Garden - Masterplan

4

5

Legend 1

Elderly Home care center

2

Heiritage museum

3

Water plaza (museum related)

4

Heritage Sculpture

5

Outdoor exihibition wall

6

Sharing exercising facility

7

Sunken relaxing garden

8

outdoor balcony

3

2

6

7

7

8

1

Waiting Garden Scene 2

Home Care Center Scene 1

Home Care Center Scene 2

Home Care Center Scene 3

Heritage Plaza Scene 1

Community Plaza - Masterplan

Legend 1

Civil Plaza

2

Tree Garden (flexible)

3

Planting garden (flexible)

4

Playing table (flexible)

5

Parking lot (flexible)

6

Neighborhood building

7

4

3

7

1 2

3 2

6

4

7

Community Garden scene 1

Community plaza scene 2

Community plaza

07 APPENDIX AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Pop Up Typology

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.Héctor, G &Francesc M 2016, Ikigai, Penguin Random House LLC, New York 2.Jason, L. P.2015, The Transitions of Aging, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

3.Andrea, L, Roberto, P, Daniele, Agnese, C, Francesca, C, Iwona, D, Alicja, W, Walter, K, Nicola,L,&Umberto,Y 2017,Healthy ageing – happy ageing: Health Promotion for Older People in Italy, Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie 2017; 15 (1): 34–48 4.Hossein, P, Amin,L, Mahsa, L, Sahar, K&Mitra,C 2015, Urban Parks Prioritization Concerning the Age-friendly Criteria in Sari, Northern Iran, Iranian Occupational Health Association Banister, J,1987, China's Changing Population, Stanford University Press, California 5.Cai, Y. 2010, "Social forces behind China's below replacement fertility: Government Policy or Socio economic develepment", Population and Development Revien, vol 36, no 3, pp419-40 6.Margaret, B. , Alan, K. DeLaTorre, C.2014, A University-City-Community Partnership, Journal of Aging & Social Policy,26:1-2, 88-101.

7.Sara, S , Fernando,B.&Paulo,P. 2013,Planning and Ageing-Think, Act and Share Age-Friendly Cities, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto 8.Lewis M. 1937, "What is a City?",Architectural Record 9.Jan G. 2010, City For People, Jan Gehl 10.Jan, G. 2001, Life Between Buildings, Arkitektens Forlag, The Danish Architectural Press, Danmark 11.Juhani P. 2012, The Eyes of Skin: Architecture and the Senses,John Wiley & Sons Ltd 12.Peter Z. 2010, Thinking Architecture, Birkhauser,Basel, Switzerland 13.Jason Ho, 2014, Living on Line, a search for sharing landscape, PhD Project, RMIT University, Melbourne 14.Jaime L.2016, Urban Acupunture, Island Press; Illustrated edition 15.Ryo Yamazaki 2012, Community Design no Jidaibuntachi De "Machi" Wo Tsukuru(Community Design For Universal Participation), CHUOKORON -SHINSHA,INC 16.Filipa M. 2013, Place-Temporality and Urban Place-Rhythm in Urban Analysis and Design: An Aesthetic Akin to Music, Journal of Urban Design, 18:3, 383-408 17.Eric D. 2005, Safe Streets, Livable Streets: A Positive Approach to Urban Roadside Design,ProQuest Information and Learning Company, United States 18.Kim C., Luca B.,Urban streets: Epitomes of planning challenges and opportunities at the interface of public space and mobility, Cities : The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning, 68,48-55.

19.Lee H.2015, Temporality in Designed Landscapes: the theory and its practice in works of some major landscape designers 1945-2005,Department of LandscapeUniversity of Sheffield 20.Chirine E.2016, Smart City- Futher City?,Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 21.Changjiang L. 2002, From Ho Cheng to Shenyang, A remarkable history of urban development, China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House,China 22.Zhidong Z. 2010, Survey and Analysis of population status in Tiexi District of Shenyang city,Health statistics of China, vol. 3, No. 38-39 23.Jian Y.2015, Study on urban Morphology Evolution of Shenyang, Master thsis, Northeastern University,China 24.Bally M., Neil P. & David S. 2006, Graphic for Urban Design, Thomas Telford Limited 25.https://www.australiandesignreview.com/architecture/wang-shu-memory-is-deeper-than-symbols/ 26.https://www.architecturenorway.no/questions/cities-sustainability/wang-shu/