Transcalar Digestion | Billy Guarino

transcalar digestion billy guarino // ARCH 585 // dept of architecture & environment // university of oregon

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Estuary Biotic Habitat

Shellfish Harvesting Areas

Tsunami and City

Wildlife Habitats (hunting + species ecology)

crabbing area

waterfowl feeding

oyster leases

waterfowl nesting

shrimp

seal habitat

clam digging

WHY WATER? •

+90 INCHES OF RAINWATER A YEAR

GENUS LOCI

GENUS LOCI

Pacific Oyster

shellfish hatcheries

Coho / Chinook Salmon

salmon hatcheries

Steelhead Trout

fish passage barriers

FISH HATCHERIES hatcheries + fish passage barriers

Top six species by gross landed value in 2018

Top six fisheries overall by gross landed value - 2003-2018

Dungeness crab fishery - the most economically important wild catch in Tillamook County.

FISHING INDUSTRY https://ecotrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Commercial-Fisheries-ofTillamook-County2-final.pdf

Jesse Hayes shown after planting the first oyster seed in Oregon, 1928.

Both properties were salmon canneries from the 1800’s until the late 1950’s.

Each property can be developed into a destination resort, seafood facility, or any commercial project.

1931 Oyster claims survey map shows the original, grandfathered, oyster claims on tillamook bay.

Oyster Culture Pacific oysters are most often “ground cultured” in Oregon, meaning they are grown directly on the substrate rather than rack or hanging culture used in other states. They are typically harvested by hand in 2-4 year intervals, at which time they are ideal market size.

Pacific Oysters Pacific oysters are grown in many of Oregon’s estuaries. Coos, Yaquina, Tillamook and Netarts are the largest producers of these commercial oysters. These oysters, native to Japan, are likely incapable of successful spawning in the cold waters of Oregon. This fact accompanied with their high value, ease of growing, and minimal environmental impact makes them a good choice for aquaculture.

Mateusz Perkowski. Conflict brewing between oyster farm, Tillamook dairies. Apr 25, 2017 Updated Dec 13, 2018 https://www.dfw.state.or.us/mrp/shellfish/bayclams/about_oysters.asp https://www.facebook.com/Hayes-Oyster-Company-194349324260023/photos

OYSTER INDUSTRY Tillamook Bay

50 gallons

270 million

seawater filtered a day

cows in the world

9.3 million are in the US // 44.3 thousand in Tillamook County

Common Eelgrass // Zostera marina •

Adult oysters can filter 50 gallons of seawater

•

Significant Greenhouse Gas emissions

•

Poor handling of manure and fertilizers can

in a single day as part of their natural feeding process

degrade local water resources •

Shellfish aquaculture is a sustainable and green industry

•

unsustainable dairy farming and feed production can lead to the loss of ecologically

•

Shellfish improve water quality and clarity

important areas, such as prairies, wetlands,

by removing particulates, excess nutrients,

and forests

organic material, viruses, and bacteria from the water column.

•

Average daily total water use is 30 gallons per cow

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Improved water clarity enhances habitat for sea grasses such as eelgrass and other

Dwarf Eelgrass // Zostera japonica

submerged aquatic vegetation.

•

Amount of manure and urine produced daily by a dairy cow is 17 gallons

COW VS. OYSTER www.canr.msu.edu www.worldwildlife.org www.cbf.org

“DEQ wrongly assumes that permits issued to confined animal feeding operations

wind direction

(CAFOs), by the Oregon Department of Agriculture actually prevent the discharge of

dry season tides

bacteria into surface water.”

wet season river discharge

- In lawsuit filed by Hayes Oyster Co. towards Tillamook Dairy Farms.

sewage treatment

Tidal stages are significatnt during dry season and wet weather exceedances are driven mostly by precipitation events.

Seasonal Oyster Harvesting Closures lower bay

closed conditionally closed: flash floods after dry season

upper bay

upper bay

conditionally closed: > 1” rain within 24 hr period

flower pot

p oc t no v de c

conditionally closed: > 2” rain within 72 hr period

se

l au g

ju

fe b m ar ap r m ay ju n

ja n

flower pot

lower bay

Closures greatly reduce harvests on 600 acres of Hayes’ Oyster Co. oyster plats in the bay Oyster harvesting is entirely prohibited on about 250 acres and closed for extended periods on the remaining 350 acres.

CAFO’s

ESTUARY HEALTH Zimmer-Faust AG, Brown CA, Manderson A. Statistical models of fecal coliform levels in Pacific Northwest estuaries for improved shellfish harvest area closure decision making. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2018 Dec;137:360-369. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.028.

0

1

2

4 mi

bacteria contamination & oyster farming

FOOD FOR THE ECONOMY

te

r la

r v a e fo

DAIRY FARM MANURE

od

oy

s

RECYLCED SHELLS RETURN TO HATCHERY

MICROALGAE PRODUCTION

BIOFUEL PACIFIC OYESTER HATCHERY OYSTER HARVEST

ANIMAL FEED HUMAN FOOD FERTILIZER

MICROALGAE FEED STOCK

LARVAE SET ON SHELLS RETURN TO THE BAY

WASTE TO PROFIT generating ENERGY and FOOD

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

LIGHT

CO2

N+P

waste water effluent

ANAROBIC DIGESTER

DAIRY FARM MANURE

GREEN HOUSE GAS

O2

MICROALGAE PRODUCTION

ANIMAL FEED HUMAN FOOD FERTILIZER

FISH & WILDLIFE

ENERGY

BIODIESEL

CLEAN WATER

SHELLFISH ECONOMY

REDUCES GHG EMMISSIONS 60-80% TOURISM

WASTE TO PROFIT Repurposing excess manure from CAFO’s

MAN

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N TIO T A ER AN EN PL G R AD WE QU PO

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E X ID O I TY ICI ND R O G T B LIN AR LEC O C E AT CO HE TER L I F

B TO O PH

R TO C EA

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YIN

ID LIPCTION A R T X

NS ION TRAFICAT I TER

ES

BIO

FUE

L QUAD-GENERATION powered by dairy manure and algae biomass

MORE DIGESTION Tillamook Dairy Farms

858,000 tons of manure per year

Oyster Plats

a total demand of 7-8 more digesters

CONGLOMERATION

Tillamook Dairy Farms

Oyster Culture

Shellfish - Clams & Crab

AquaPrawnics Produces Sustainable Shrimp and Organic Fertilizer Air Museum

Tillamook bay

City of Tillamook

Port of Tillamook Bay

Forest

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1524 acres

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2 watersheds

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flood prone landscape

POTB CONTE X T

POTB PANO

GENUS LOCI

E XISTING CONDITION divided

•

115 acres

MP CONCEPT circulation expanded economic development

entry existing rail line views

SITE ANALYSIS constraints // opportunities

north

SITE MAP

SOIL AMENDMENT FACILITY

SHRIMP HATCHERY (AQUA PRAWNICS)

DIGESTRATE OFFICE

OFFICES

WASTE PROCESSING

CLASSROOMS / LABS / AUDITORIUM MICROALGAE PHOTOBIOREACTORS/ BIOFUEL PRODUCTION NATIVE PLANT NURSERY

north

POWERHOUSE PROGRAM

TRAIL TO MUSEUM

EXPORTS

START HERE

WASTE

SEQUENCE

LIGHT SKIN, STICK FRAME STRUCTURE , & FLE XIBLE PROGRAM

SOLID, PERMANENT, AND SERVING A SPECIFIC FUCNTION

DICOHTOMY

Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture. Kiel Moe

Zollverein School of Management & Design - SANAA

water

air

Water is 832 times denser than air. Energy density is directly related to the density of a material.

THERMAL SYMMETRY

THERMALLY ACTIVE SURFACES

8’-0” ”

4’-0

radiant heating

RADIANT CONCRE TE PANELS

KITCHEN

L GA LO

BB

Y

GA

LE

LLE

DIN KIT

RY RY

ING

CH

EN

MUSEUM + RESTAURANT PROGRAM

MASSING STUDIES

Knut Hamsun Center / Steven Holl Architects

https://www.archdaily.com https://divisare.com

M.H. de Young Museum / Herzog & de Meuron

Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies / Mario Cucinella Architects

(continued)

INSPIRATION

OBSER

E X HI

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E X HI

VIC

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E XH

VATION

BITIO

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T N A R U A T RES

FORMGIVING

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25

50’

SITE PL AN

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30’

1ST FLOOR entrance lobby and terrace

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15

30’

GROUND FLOOR restaurant and offices

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15

30’

2ND FLOOR gallery exhibition

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15

30’

3F-5F gallery exhibition & observation

SOUTH SECTION

WEST SECTION

DINING ROOM

E XHIBITION SPACES

A

A

B

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B

B

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ENCLOSURE