STUDENT WRITING FROM THE MONTCLAIR KIMBERLEY ACADEMY UPPER SCHOOL 2019-2020
S
E
Fa
Isabella Szyfer Madison Green Maggie Astley Olivia Puzio Noah Weinberg
C
E
Paul Cunningham Paige Boncher Eric Salehi Emily Healy Ronald Wolfson
b
W
Sydney Fishman Emani Fung Madison Green Jacob Gale Dhruv Jetley Alexander Korfhage Ethan Williams L a E Fa A A N
: John Colbert : Caroline Toman : Julia Petrocelli E
The education system is designed to build knowledge, skill, and intellect in its students, and at a school like the Montclair Kimberley Academy with such a strong focus on writing, pursuing that goal means producing many pieces of writing every year. Though these works are essentially training exercises, they frequently end up impressive and laudable pieces of writing. For the most part, however, they re seen by one or two readers before being forgotten. This journal s goal is to extend that life, and recognize the immense talent present at MKA. Each student published here is an outstanding writer with a firm command of their craft and ideas desperate to be shared. We hope you enjoy their work.
Tab
C
The Weakness of Death; The Power of Memory Jacob Gale
..
A Son s Love and A Mother s Strength Ethan Williams
5
.
The Fictional World of Reaganomics Emani Fung
...11
19
Humanity s Chains
....
..25
Dhruv Jetley Invincible Human Nature
..37 Sydney Fishman
A Short Fiction
..45 Madison Green
The Writing Challenge Better in Hindsight
..
53
Emani Fung I m A Mad Dog Biting Myself for Sympathy: An Analysis Sanaa Williams Schr dinger s Cat and a Mad Dog Alex Korfhage
.
....59
65
4
T
W a
D a
;T
P
M Ja
b Ga
Charlotte Mew spent her career in poetry covering a wide range of topics
and
styles.
From religious faith to mental health to
conservationism, her interests were difficult to pin down. In
Qui
Bon Dire, translated as what good is there to say or what s the good of saying,
she employs gorgeous lyricism to discuss perhaps the
favorite subjects in the world of poetry, love and death, though not without originality and certainly not without skill. In this analysis, Jake Gale shows us how Mew demonstrates both. Gale, understanding the importance of every word, methodically takes the reader through each line and elucidates the present meanings and techniques, enriching the experience of the poem while employing his own expert prose.
5
ha l
e Me
de i g he e -l ec
f he
he l ie
ela i a d
e ,
e
. Me
he fi de
h
ld. The fi
b c
ed de ice e a d
e
a
a
eake c
he a
a dc
e
l faci g he
c
e
la i g
i
ha he
e
f
a e f dea h a
le i
ih
eake
a he eali e
de ig a e he
ie li e
f a
la e
g l
f e eii
e
hile i
a e
a
ag . H
e , Me
a eali
he ei
la e
e e , he i de e
i ch f f
ae
a
fi (life
i e. Thi
i
ha
e
eak
hi e, eflec i g he
e g h ha
fl id e b
he f aile
ae e , b
ea
ag
e
f he
fe
ad a ce i 6
ill e i
aid eake
a
eali , bl a
a e
f he
he
e hi g ha ee
ded i e . Me
ech ,
a
i
a ed e e
i fl c
i i
he e
add e i g
e hi g ha
a d e de i
he
ha ha e died ca
h a i g f
dea h) a d e
l
ee he l
i ae
i g
e
hi g
li e , Se e
d-b e (1-2)
d-b e (2) ake a c le
a f he
d [ ] (2) like a eal he i
a gli
he hi d a d fi al
e la g age
e
ded like G
i
hile i
ag
a
e
a
dea h i
G
ea
ffe
f dea h. I
ea
ee
f e e
e age ha l
ce
Di e
ill la
ake he le -
fi al c
a
f l hi
dea h e e
i B
agi g. The fi
f he
e
e
Q
fi d a
e hi g ha e f a
a,
h
ih
he
he
eake a
ie , A d e e b d
ec
e
ega di g he fl idi
hi k (3) he l i
hi
e died, b
ld, dea h lack
a die ce'
b d k
e ce
ffe
e e b d
ill
ae
hi
he
e i
ca ea il be be U clea d i g i a
dea h
e
diffe e
b
i g. B a
f
f
c e
a i
c
e
he eade
eake
he lack
f
i e,
f cl
e
e , dea h i a f agile lace ha
he bef g
fd i gi
all
c
e eii
e
a e
hi
e
ce
g
a
i h he fi a
he i
ali
he e e
a
a e ce
a. The i h he f
d
lace f ge a
f he la g age, ill
ha b
i
li e a e:
he fi a
f he e
e f
i g
f he li e a d hei
ce ai
d-b e
i g life,
defi e dea h, a d he b h e d
Thi
i g
ed a a
h. The f ll
i ila i
a. The e ea i g
c
(7-8). The e li e , al
d-B e
a G
di g dea h
age f g
ld/B
gh he
d
ead
belief
a
he c
de c ibe he agi g. Thi i
f
e age f he hi d
hi a d ha
i g dea h, b
a, a e i c edibl
h
he fi al
e ce i
hi e a ligh
(5)
he eade
ha I a
a
eake
iha
f dea h a a fl id c
i
f l
ai g e a d
ie . The fi al
e
ih
cia i g dea h
ha c
he fi al
a h . The
he hi
iff a d c ld/T
e f A d e e b d .../B
ec i
a ical
he
hi ela ici
i e. Thi
hi i g a
d g
i h a ca i ali ed G
he fi al
ha i h ld i
he
a eil
. The
he
cia ed
ee
f he
b h begi i
a
e
i g he ac
A d e e b d
c
a
e f e eii
begi
li e
ca
hile al
all a
a
e
a i g ha
ide
e died, b
ld f he
d
eake
a , Me
e
g a
he i
e e
e, de
I (4) c
he
he a , S I, a I g
(5-6). The e
he l
ac la c
gh he
he
f B
a
:i
hi g f
e . E e b d
.
he ec
a h
i
ld f he
a d he ef e
f
he died a d
I (3-4). Thi lea e
he
a
he de ec abili
ld be a i g ha e e b d hi
ha
a e dead/B
f dea h i
eali . The li e b eak i
d i g, i ce he e c
hi k
al
g
ih
li e a e Tha
a
a f he
e
e b h he b c
l
fc
fi
ai
c
e
b d
ca
l
e hei
a
agai /While
7
i
i fi al
e i
l
ili ed i
he
e age. The fi al h ee e
he e/Y
ill ha e
iled, I hall ha e clai i g ha ae e h e
b d e i
e eflec
e
c
ee
The fi al e
e ce
ha
e ed. Thi
fac
ha
e
hi
a
all, f e e
i
ifie he
e d, a i c
ecif
e ac
hei l
f hei l
he e, e
hi
, kee i g
l
e
ih
e ce i
he
he c
a ed
he fi
a
eak e , all e ,
a
8
i g he
e all
eake
ih
ha ed lace c ea e he ali e f
ee
i .
iled, I hall ha e de c ibed ha e
he l ck
f i e. The
li e b eak
eak
he b ke li e b eak a d
a . The e
l fal e
ce . The fi al
hich he ac i db
e
a agai
e f he
ill ha e
i e i
e g h f he la
eake a d he l
e a
e (Y
e hei
gh hi
b
eciall
eak a d he
h
b i
hi c
a gli
l
i h he l
ill l
e e e la i g a d e
a
ha ed
fi
ffe
le, a
hi
e b e
ake
agai
b d
ill-defi ed
d ch ice ig if i g dea h i he e dea h i
he li e a a bef e, c
li e de ic agai
eake
he e
a
hei
he
ed hei
ela i
hi li e i al e
e a dee a
ha
he e
(13)) d
he
i
(11-12 -3). The fi
he feeli g
he a e l ca i
a life-li e be ed
ill ha e a l
ha e e l
e ce f he
he l
hai
ag , a d he fac
(11), e
b d
. Thei l
ea
ed
e
e
e ce, h eake
a
ld
ge he like a e
g a d ali e f e e .
ie , a d b
W k Ci ed Me , Cha l e. " Q A h g f P e ic F
i B Di e." 1916. The Ma i g f a P e : A N , b Ma k S a d a d Ea a B la d, Ne Y k, W.W. N &C a , 2005, . 147.
9
10
AS
L
a
AM
S
A Close Reading of George Barker s To My Mother Ethan Williams
Though he is perhaps best known for his relationship with Elizabeth Smart and the novel it inspired her to write, George Barker is a poet more than worthy of study in his own right. Ethan Williams uses the following essay to pay such deserved attention to one of his most potent works To My Mother. Reading his work, it is clear Williams is a student of poetry, and his knowledge serves him very well as he points out Barker s precise choices and describes their impacts. William s analysis is complete and profound, while maintaining a satisfying and emotional reading experience.
11
cc di g l
e, he l e
e hi e f l l
e a a ed f b
a
adi i
he l
al I i h
e a d ad i a i a I i h
f
hi
ed
fa il
d
L
(F a e 206). U i g he Pe a cha
d
he
a a
childh afe all l
a
d ad a i a d
i
he dh
ic
f W ld Wa a i
fa
e f he
e
f
he
ell bei g. Th
, he
a
d
i g a i e
ea e
he U i ed S a e a d li ed he e e i d
e e el e a
a
a
ke
he
he
a
II
i ile ,
hi
a d he c
i
Ge
e,a
ideali ed l
h i la ge gh
il 1943, fa
he
a
e
f ce
e ic f
he
c
b
ha he fea
, a d li e a
elli g
ali ie
g
e e b
bi g
fe e
ke
e e b h hi ce
f
a d hi
ha ha e i
ha e al
a , hi
ha
e , Ba ke e
a
ed f
ha life a d hi ad l c e eii
he i
de a ack. Ba ke
he a d a B i i h fa he (F a e 9). A a
he
i g he
h
ge . T M M he , b Ge ge Ba ke , e
he , a d he a d hi childh
i E gla d
e b,
ade he
he ical
i ed he l e able
i hi ab e ce. E abli hi g he dee e
c
ec i
ha he ha
i h a ec llec ed i age f hi
He de c ibe hi The e e i i
f he
he a
M
e la i e
i h he , Ba ke begi
he , ie ed f ea , i
12
dea , la e
hi l
e
he
ec i e a a child.
ed, a d
l c ea e a feeli g f i
fa
(1). e
e
l
e,
hile al
fa . Thi
c
he
e
gge i g a e ld i dica e a hel i g
di a ce be
ee
a ad
e
he
e
i
all . The ec
d li e,
gge
he cl e e
f he
agai i
he
f
he f e
ei f ce
c
a al
a df
l
ge
efe
he
h
e
(3),
i
le, flee i g lea l ge ic. I
d he
he e f
he a d all
i
ech ed i
a
ge a
icall a d d he
(2),
de
he
he f e
he e. The he fi
al
e f he a
f
e
e f h ge
a i g he el
he la ge
ela i e
ca i e
i g ha
a child. I
ea h ,
he h
icall
e f
ei
ic
life ab
li e , Ba ke
he eade
de
ffe
a d
ih
hake . Fi all ,
i he I i h ha d (4) i dica e he e j eief
e
ge g a hic i ile
e e ce i hi life. Ba ke
he e
c
e ,a da a
j
l
he e I f e f l
he
he ge g a hical
h ge a A ia (3), e ea i g he
e
gge i g la gh e
d e
he , b h h
ical i e, ei he ab l
he li e, Gi a d chicke hel le a
f
i d
ea he . I
ali
he i
e ha
all de
he a d child. N
ha he i
ge g a hical i age
i
al
i e di a
he h ge
gh he
a i dica e he
la gh e
al di a ce,
ecedi g li e. De c ibi g he a h ge a d c
i e
hi
child a d
he , i dica i g ha he i
a be de
ee
i likel
e , Ba ke de c ibe he a he
i
eake a d hi
ea b a d ad i g, a d
,b
ical e
ali , b
child,
i d
e f di a ce be
e
f
hich he i c
fide
elli g
ai
f hi
he
de
f he
a c
i e ea il
ag i
a d
e e ce i hi life. Al h
gh a l
ha
ela i
hi
e
ali
i hi
de c ibi g he a h
i
k
e b
f
a d
i
f c
c
i . The
ec
ad l
eflec i
hi age f he ge
he
a
eal
h ea
Rabelai ia le e :
(5, 6). She i
h e de f
a
e
he
ical all e f
f
, Ba ke
lel
he
he
c a e begi
i
b
a Re ai a ce f a e e be ed
a child. Ra he , i i a
d he . Af e he
c
gge i g he i a
hi
he la e d g a d h fi d h
13
f
a de c i i b c
d ell
he f ce
d half
(5), a hi
; he efe e ce i
e d e
e
hi i e e e ce. Thi i
ec i
d he
he , he
I e i ible a Rabelai
-child c
i h i age
e
f
he c
a e
ca able f
e
a
he e
e
ali
bi d
ha
e
f he
l e able b he c a e f he B
a he a e e e
a
f g ea c
he c
he . The a a
e, f ll
diffe e
de c ibe he a
c
le
be e
bef e he e li e
b a
ba d i
f ll
i g al
c
a a li le d g f
ab a
ei he hie a ch
he child
he c
gge
ece a il a
e el e i
ha
he i
e
i el
a
: The b a
ba d i
f ll
ei f ce
al
g
ih
he idea ha i i
l. M e
he i a i
he
af e /
ba d. Ye , he i ile i a
h i i c
ible igh ea
g i challe gi g f
,
f
a d a i
gge
e fec l ha
f f ll
li e
e ca f ll
e i
a i
a
he i ali
ce i he , a
he a e i e, he e e i i
he ,
e
a ed
he li le d g, a d he li le d g i
he ba d. A j
lie
a
e. The fi al
ba d (7, 8). Thi li e
a h. C
e, a diffe e
e. I i ha
he
i gab a
i g he
c ea
a dl
elli g i ile ha ca
be like a li le d g f ll i
a i
.A
e , he da h
he
h i like a
ha e, a d feeli g like a li le d g
a child, e e
if he fi d hi
he i e i ibl
elli g. I
he fi al ec i
f hi c
he
Se a a ed f he
i d L c
he d
ill
i le
l
a
, b
e
ill
i e
1 C i
he, a
f
he
hi de c i i de c ibi g he
ai
ake he
, he begi
bed i
he life
he
ah ga
,
e
e i
he
ill a
he
a d he gi . Al h
gh
f he
icall de ce d:
ah ga
able like a
ge
ke a ec
ai , ca
e g h: He fai h,
ed b he
14
h
e
l fai h ca
d,
e (12),
a
e
e
a ed Bib e, 1 C .
fai h ei f ce ical
f
d ge g a hical i ile,
hi g (O f d A be
ill
h
13:2: [I]f I ha e all fai h,
e, I a
i g
he da ge . She
he
h
l e able.
he e e
be
lea [ ]
ai . B addi g hia
f
(9). He i agi e hi
e g h. The
ha e l a
d
he le el f he b
ead,
i
h e
e e acc d a gla ce
a
d
be
fi d he , ab
(10). I
he
e all de
bi g f L
he b
he i age f he
13:2). Tha de
gge i g h
e he elf
(11). The
a i g hi ai
i g
i g he b
ed
a cella
ei f ce he
he i agi ed, f c
de a ack, he
ai c
hi
gla ce
de ce d (9) c
hif
ai , b
he e he
d
e , he e e , Ba ke
e e be ed
elli g cha ac e
ha
f he
a he
e e ce, i he
ha
li ae
ec i
. B
ea i gle hi e,
The h
k
e. S , he e d he ha
ell he
ill
ha
e
hile he e he
i g i a
e d i d
cia ed
e e
ih a ,
he
b
i age
ai i g f
da
a he f he
i g
a e he
e
lie
i g f i
e e
e
.
15
ha
i g,
hile
e
a ha e
ha
e ai
he he
ed
,
a ad
f
ead al
d,
c
gge i g e
he
e (13).
i g (14).
ea i g i i g
fai h i l
he
ha i e
i g a d
ai i g f
he , like a
he
i gi
i gi l
ha
f he . He e d
a e. Ye , hei
a d dea h
,
all he fai h a d all
he
he . M
ih l
he a e i e,
ical
ec
hia
e, fi all , f
eable
e e
C i fai h i
i g a d
f he i
l ebi h. A
, acc di g
he fai h a he
h
e e
h
l
fai h, e e
hi l
i
e
ih
Refe i g l
he
a i g: i i
i e
a d ac
a age f i e. The ai , i i g b
al e he
W k Ci ed F a e , R be . The Cha e e
P e : A Life f Ge ge Ba Ca e, 2002.
e . L
S a d, Ma k, a d Ea a B la d. The Ma i g f a P e : A N P e ic F . P i ce , 2000. The Bib e. The Ne
O f dA
a ed Ve i
16
d
,J
a ha
A h
g
, 3 d ed., O f d UP, 2001.
f
17
18
T
F
a W
R a a
Emani Fung
Since its rapid spike in popularity among conservative economics and politicians in the late 20th century, much has been made of Reaganomics, trickle-down economics, or, classically, supply-side economics. But despite the abundance of discussion, Emani Fung manages to cut to the core of what makes the system tick, and how, for most people it affects, it can only fail. Fung, aided by her skillful research, describes the theory, its practical effects, and ultimately arrives at her own biting diagnosis.
19
he deba e a
he f ef
e be
he la e 20 h ce l
e
ec l
ic g
e
le
Reaga , fi
,i
i h hi
e
a
ickle-d igh e
eal h
(
ab
agfla i
b e ai e
f Reaga
a d
. D e
?I
i g he 1970 , ,a d
ed hei
a i
ld
, high i fla i e
l .B
hi g. E
la e ec
age
c
ha
i ae i
e
R
ic g
)a dl e
20
e
he
a
he ca c le
c a bled
ic Rec e
a
illi g e
hile he
b i fla i
l - ide
f h
ble
ic la a
eal h
ae ( e c
l
ie ed hi
Wi h he a age f he 1981 Ec e e
i
i h i ila l
j
e
e e c
hei g a
highe i
i e . Wha
he ald h. A
i acle.
licie c ea e he hea
l ed
ha bee
a e f he ec
e
e
ai
, F d, a d Ca e
gh e d
ial
he
eciall c
each e
e ae e
Reaga
. B
A
,b
adical la
P e ide
e
eli g e i d f high
he ec
e e de
e
Ni
fi a cial i
i ce c l
a hea ed di
h. P e ide
ee ed like a
f
i
, hi deba e g e
e ai
80 ,
e he a i
di c
ih
e ie ced a g
i
i
f A e ica
Tha k gi i g di he a i
h
e e eal
). The e
a
he
c llec ae f ec a i
ha
he e
e.
Ta Ac , hi e
a a a acea
10% f ea hei b eadc la b
e b .
a ife ed i i e e a d he
he e
a
ha
ih
l
e
a e , ci i e
kee a la ge
ld feel
ha e f hei ea
P
e
cha i able
f he
i d e
affl e
la
f
h . I
a
i
he la
he
e
e
ca i al, he
a
ec
ic f i
ic
e elied
e l i c ea ed ala ie
a d
c
i
a
elfa e
a
aef
70%
ic g
h
he e
cce e
e
a
ic ed he e
di i i hed e e
e di g ch
g
licie
ae
e dc
i e
Ne
i fl e ce
i- a e
he ali
ed 40% f
ha
he c
Deal i 1933, he a i e,
hich led
a
e . i g hi fi
la e , d he
ic , he ec l b a
e
ei e
1%
i gE
50%. Fi e ea
g e
i
i
eed . F
ea , Reaga
i g hi
eal hie b
i c
d e
,
e b acke
e- hi d. I 1984,
f A e ica he
ec
a e i 50 ea .2
f he fede al g
l , lib a ie , h
e ai e
e e e ac l
e d e e ed. D
he
e
f
i .
e el
e
hi fl
decade . The a
e
ed a 6.8%, he highe
e e fel
ide aid ef
e f
Ac , a d he a
ea
. C
ffice, he iche
R
e ed b
ffice, hi
.
e ha
ld ea il f e ell, i c
decade
f P e ide he
he
a a ic
ce a d h
ha e
ed ced b 28%.1 U de Reaga B
ld
e ,
aid, Reaga
e
f fede al
f Reaga
a ed he Ta Ref
eal ec
i
e
f ca i al f
ed ced he g e
e he
cha i g-
lace
ei
ic
eal h , he e e , be eficial
Wi h Reaga C
e
i
he i e he lef
ice hei
hif i g
ic i
e
f hei
ade e
ed c i
a ed. B
eeded. Si ce he e ac had bee
e
e
e e , a all c i ic
hi F
lace f g
i ileged fe , Reaga
all i g f
he a i
ih
ai
e ed, b
e
. H de
ed ha
be
age da hel ed di i i h fede al e ec
k ha de beca
a e.
ca i al ac all ha had bee
al
cie
The Reaga ad i i F
i ed
i g .
ld f ll
e be
he le -f
e i
e
e e, l
i al . Ul i a el , le
. T ickle-d , h e
i a e e fl
i g ea i g
P e e Fe a a, "Reaga ic V . Oba a ic : Fac A d Fig e ," F be , Ma 5, 2011, acce ed Dece be 10, 2019, h :// .f be .c / i e / e e fe a a/2011/05/05/ eaga ic - - ba a ic -fac -a d-fig e . 2 Fe a a, "Reaga ic V . Oba a ic ." 1
21
i
he g
e
ggli g
e
e -cla e
e
he c
e
ake i
h
gh
e
ha
e
abili . I
he
eal h
eal-e a e
ad i i
e e
b c
ai
al M
ea
F
licie
ca
fi cal a a al
ca
i
fC
c hi
e le el . F e .H
he efficac
a
e e ,i i f
e i
elia ce
he
l cha ged
; i did
di g f
hi g ic
he
e
c
a
be
i e
da age a ial a i
blic
l
a i c
f ea
. The e
e
, Reaga
ic
he
a
e -cla . I
hi
ide, b
he decade af e
l - ide fi cal
he 1920
d
b i
e i blic
, e gage i
l
e
1920 ,
f he T ea
ha
a
he
he ea l
ic g
.
i g i
ie
he fi
h
ha be efi
hei ea
ig ifica
a ked ec
ec
ickle d
cha e l
a ie .
a d
, he f
gge
, i fac ,
elied
d
i c ea e b 1%, GDP g
d
lida e c
ai i e,
d c ed a
l
-i d
lidge a d Ha di g, Sec e a
e a
f he
fac , Reaga
i g ff f
f hi ee
i hi a a i
blic a i a ce ai
. I
i g fi e ea .3 The e fi di g
ed he e ,
he
d (IMF) c
20% f ea
be c
ec la i
d ced i c
i c
cie
ld be d e
ki g back i
hi g i
ec
he ha d
eal h ci i e
f
ci i e
eali , L
he
.
he f ll
eal hie
Thi fail aid. I
be efi ed
eall , he
he A e ica
e ha e f he
dec ea e b 0.8% i
g e
f
e be
ickle-d
ha if he i c
he
ha
elfa e i
e cla e . B
C
e e
2015, he I
h a d
ha
i ed ha lea i g
lag ed he l
he de e ded
cl ded
a d
e ice
e i de e de ce a d eli i a e
he
i I
cial
ld
ea i gf l i
i
i
e
e f de e de ce f
all h
g
ed c i
ic he
ac
c
a
aj i .
Reaga g
ea
de
A d e ac
h a d e e a
he
Mell
he highe ai ed fede al e e a e
licie .
3
E a Dabla-N i e al., Ca e a d C e e ce f I c e I e a i : A G ba Pe ec i e (Wa hi g , Di ic f C l bia: I e a i al M e a F d, 2015), 6-8, h :// .i f. g/e /P blica i /S aff-Di c i -N e /I e /2016/12/31/Ca e -a d-C e e ce - f-I c e-I e ali -A-Gl bal-Pe ec i e-42986.
22
I
1889, A d e
defi e hi
ie
ad i i e i g i f
i
he
ha e
e be f
he c le e
ha
hi
A d e
Ca
egie, A d e al e
ld f e a
a d ec
fi d
e effec i e, fai
cie
he i c ea ed fa be e
ai
del i
e e
f
G
ld be a
i
e a i
bli hed hi
ai e h a
e e , he i
Mell h
illi
i h a g ea
i elf. 4 H
egie
ha affl e
He belie ed ha a ea
Ca
f
Mell
i
ee f
he
ha i c
f
ih
ec
l
; e he c
ld
hich he eal h. ed f i , b
ld ha e d ic
a
ef
de Reaga a d
k. he be efi
ic cla l
ld d
eal h
, a d R
ce f
f Weal h, i
h
ickle-d
l d e
el
.B
ald Reaga f he , he e i
blic
ha ed fai h i igh
he eal
ake e ld,
e
e ill
.
A d e Ca egie, "The G el f Weal h," i The G e f Wea h, ed. Ke e h Be , e edi i ed. (Ca egie C ai f Ne Y k, 2017), 15, e i l bli hed a "Weal h," The N h A e ica Re ie , J e 1889, 1-15, acce ed Dece be 10, 2019, h :// .ca egie. g/ edia/file _ blic/.
23
24
H Na
a
a
C a
D
F a Dhruv Jetley
Dhruv Jetley, in the following essay on Mary Shelley s Frankenstein, proves that even the most well trod ground can still provide fresh excitement. A staple of not just MKA s
curriculum, but countless others around the world, the gothic horror classic continues to do just that, though finding noteworthy insights on the text is no easy task. Jetley, with a keen eye for writing style, a complex understanding of the characters, and a firm grounding in external research, is up to the challenge.
25
The S cia C f ee, a d e e ci ili a i
he e he i i
,
a
ill leadi g hi ha
e
de i f
.
ac i F a
e
ei ;
i e i able i
ill. Vic la
a
ac i
a d
f e e
he
, Ma
a bi i
i i
f he h
al ca a
e , a
chai
e
e
ellec .
26
a
chai
e
e e
l
al
l e
f hi
highligh
ha e c
ci
i ed
e
he hi
a hei
ill? I
e i
c
e . M e
ci
. She
, a d ha
e , he e
ide f he i di id al a d
a ife
ill i a ill
f
a cha ac e a d ch ice a e a
f ca
e ie ce
d b chai
a d chai
Shelle e
he he c
e a e de e
a d ha f ee a i
ca
h : he idea ha h
i ed b c
e he
i g f ce
be he a chi ec
h
i ed b
eci e la g age a d i age , f de e
a i b
f eed
e i e ce: d
P
hil
a
fi e ,
ee
de e
, he M de
i de e
ha h
Shelle
a
d c
e e
f h
i i
c
be
i e , Ma i b
ake i di id al ch ice , hi
ill a d i hibi hi ca aci dich
h
e b ace de e e e
cie
i hi
ea
he ab e ce f he c
a .B
e i
i
. I
i h he ca aci
ea
al
chai
e R
i a f ee bei g
hi f ee
R
da e
ac , Jea -Jac
elf- eflec i ha
i
b
a
, c
e i g f he a
e
c llec i e bi ed
e
he
ed b
ih he
ga ce a d
The e e
f Vic
childh
d a d hi
h
a
cha ac e ill
a e ha
he c
ca
e
ide hi c
l; hi i
a e a bi i
he ca
he la
Vic
e
i
e ie ce
e i
a cie
alche i
dea h had a a i
f
f g c
Vic
e
bea
,
elli g a i if l,
ce ce i
he
i
childh
i e a d
The e e
f
che, a d ac i
e
childh he e
e
. La e , af e
l a
la i
e. S a di g a
a
e; i
e ec
i
he b
fi ed
ed b e e c
e
M abi i :
h
e ac i
ae h ci
,
al c
le e
ca
all
ili
i
a , Wh d e
ge , hi i d ha bl
e de
We e .
a
b a
he
, a d de i e,
e
A d ea
lea e ha
27
e. B
ell i
de
,
de c ibe , he b c
e
ii
a
f de e
i i
i e f i
f e
h
b
bli e a d eflec
e
gh e
a d e. He
aje ic ce e
hi c
e
ibili ie
c
e i
bei g . If
e ce e
i
ce e ha
ha
f Pe c
Shelle
lee ;
f
di i h e
i
l e
igh be ea l f ee; b
a
.
le e e bedded i
, Vic
d
,
. M e b adl , he
he
al c
a
i g he d ea
cha ac e a d di
e ece a
a d a cha ce
(66). The , Shelle
e, de
he
i , Vic
f a
f a
de e
he f hi c ea i Cha
l
e
a i e like a
he cea , i
life i
c
a
hich, i i
fi e
a d deci i
df
M f
a e
ill
e
a d
e
he
ble a d al
i g] he he c
f
he bi h f hi
ig
d , a Vic
i e a
e f f
a d
a d he cha ac e
he
die
ee, a d hi
i e , f
i hi
cha gi g f ce d de e
he ca a
ecei e c
i g
i ed b
d, hi
(Shelle 21). Pa i
i e fl
a h. I
hich a e he i e i able ca ai
e a dj
f
ill a la i g
che. He de c ibe
ceeded, [bec
ai
i
childh i ga
ai
aje ic begi
he
bi h f e de cie i
hi
[a i i g], like a
elled b
, a d i
ac
a
a bea
e e
i i ic c cle f life.
d e e
f ligh i g de
d, la i g i
g e e , a
i le
b e ai
i
i e a feeli g ha
he de e
alleable cha ac e . I
a a all [hi ] h
i e
a life
e a d b eak f
a e,
ce ; b
ai
ga ce i
childh
, hi
e
a da
a e ha ce ai
c ea i
e, ha
a
he
e f hi life i i e i abl de e
de
f
e
f
edi a i
ea e d
a e ,
We i e. We feel, c
O e
cei e
ea
E b ace f I i
he a e!
d
He e, Vic abili
c
e
ea ea
de e i d
e de
b h
h
h
(Reed). The l
a
c
ci
a d
he ca
ac i
l i . F
e b ace f
abili
f he h
all
a
beca
a
e,
cha ge i
he h
he la
a f de e
e
f
a i d ill
he ha e e
i d ha
e de
a
he bl e. Al e
i d
a Vic
e el
he
d c
e de
h h
a
gge fe e
le
f de e
he
he h
i d i d ca
i i all he a e. i i
d , he a
al
a
, i e i abl l
hi g ha
hi g cha ge , a d i i a
,
f ee ha
al i fl e ce, he
i d
f ll
hi
,b
ae
a i el , a
ece i
f
i g
ece a
ac i
. O e all, he e e
28
bjec
e de
ca e a a , b . I
he fac
e
ei , A a i al
. U de e e ca
i i
ill. I
e a d
he abili
fi e
c ea e a de i
he
i d, i ila
e i
e
ei i
f i i
f
e
e, f
he
ellec c c
, he
M abi i
a
i
e i
f a
ake
l
gh , feeli g , a d
cha ge i bjec
f
ea
d
ca
ibili
a d de e
lee , h
a
: hei
he la
ece a
a
l hi
Shelle ece i
e
al,
l e , b
i
fac
bjec
a a
i Wi a d Fa e i F a
i d c ea e a
a i al . Pe c
bei g
ellec
;
abili . (66-67) a
b i i e
f eed
i
a
f h
ee
ical i
c
e e
a d i
ill i f ee:
M
f de e
f
d e
eb
a
i i
ca e a a :
e
f ee. The h
lai
g
i
he da ;
,
i i g f ce a d le
J h Reed e
The
he icall
bei g , de e de
i
a e d
e
e
e'e be like hi
gh
he
ca
de a
a
ll
ee ;
F , be i j
e e da N
gh
, la gh e,
The a h f i Ma '
a de i g h
f ee a d f Vic
ha
ece a childh
d
a d hi de e
c
e
i i
i
Shelle a
ake de e
a
cl
bjec ed
c ea
he
l e f e h
ce ai
f
e
eciall
g
e
i
ha
f
i
i c al
, i
i d. B
elf-e i
al ligh Vic
e. Vic
f dea h, fea , a d e
a
ligh b f he
a
d he gli
e. The
ega e f ee
he de l ligh
ill,
e
29
ed [hi
ill, f elf]
he a
ga ce
i i
i i e
icabl
e
, ig
e e ae
elea e
ai e
he
d e
ha e hi e, a
a de
e e
he
e a d f igh f l
ha gla ed a
be
f
hei
hi g b
e,
able,
e. La e , af e hi
e, f igh f l da k e ha
e
e a e i
h
Vic
l e
e . I a b ade
e e , Vic
f
l e. The
a d fa ig e, a d he
e back
e
, i ila
l e f e gea ce
a d
e c
e
hi e ee
e
ch l gical de e
gh he
f he
e , hel le l
belief ha he all
ili . H
i g, ... al h a
l e
, a d he a e i
a
ible
e ,
ef l: ... I
llable i
ed
a
e
hi j
he i
c
la e e
a d hi fa he j
l
a d e
,
l
h
aki g i i
f hea , I
da k e , e e a ed b (131). The e e
b il e
e
e le ed b
f
lea i g hi
gh
e le
de Vic
ce ce, a d
, c
l e
i e ab
e . The i
l i g he e i e ce f f ee
i d,
he i
e . Th e
he
eali , he i fl e ce f
a
a d ga
ehe
be g
i e hi
ha e ge de
al i
ell a
a e ha
hi c ea i
de
e
l e, i
i i
ae f
a
e , a
icked e . M e b adl , Vic
e de
i I ela d, Vic
f bea
fa he
he
elf a a la e f he
aba d
a dc
he
de e
he h
f lace
da e
elf
cie , i a la e f i he e c
a e
ellec . I
ied
ed
a d
e he
ed b i
f hi i
hi
cie
he
, ill
e hi , a d he feel
ej dice f ce Vic
l ed i e
l e i
f he
feel a
de c ibe hi
a
d i e Vic i
al a e
e , Vic
e, I all
e
a
a ei
de
e a d i e i able. While a a gi g hi j
d f fea ha g
e a dh
ca
ae
i i
(110). He e, Vic
he
life i
a a e f he e i e ce f he
he la e f e
ae h
e e ge a d fea
c ea e a fe ale
fa il a d f ie d ac
e ill
a iable de i e f
e
E gla d
i
a
eci e la g age a d i
a
a
a
.
Vic h
h
hi c ha e
he da k e
e di i
ke i age f Vic
life i
he gli
e
ei
e
f
a chi g hi . S
hi , e i di g hi a d f hi f e i
h
a ife
kee i g G d
a ch
he
e e ae
a chf l e de e
i i
Vic
i
a
a d
e
ci c
a ce
de i
d
a
ea a ce
ld hi
e
lai
he
f
a . He f ce
hi g a
a
cha ac e i de e i e i abl
c
i
he
e e
R
e i ,f
ibili ea
f
cial i e
de e
i i
c
e
i
i e,
le
ill. The
f a R
30
. Di c
id
e R
ea
: E e
hi g
he
hi g g
e f
He
f a
a
d i
ha a
e i
e , a d
he , he ea
a he
he
gge
ej dice,
e c i g
.
hi h
ea
d c e
e i
hi g dege e a e i
ch a
i i ic a
e a d
i
d e
O Ed ca i
i h he
he
ffe
d c
,
a llable
c
i h be e
(425).
i
he de e f ee
e
e
a , a d e e
il
f
fac
c ea
a
he ha d a
a
a d
eli i a e lifie
i ed b
i ed b
f hi g ; e e
e e
f
. a
i h he
he la
a e ha h
e . Jea -Jac
h
he e,
i ed a d fi ed. O e all,
life i de e
i
ill
d. G d
ed b
i e able
il
ade i ,
ed b
ece i . Whe def
e
f he A e
e
he g
he
e ched,
hi
he all- eei g
e a d ejec i
f dege e a i
he ha d
ede e i i
ce
al ab
a
e
d a i lea e
ha d
i
al
f he L d a e e e
life i g
ill ha
i
a d
e i g e e
e e e
he e il a d
e a e f de e
i e , he
e b 15:3). The all- eei g e e f a
ae h
e i a i
ca
ellbei g
elfi h e
, a d he gla i g e e de
ill
, he e
. O he
e, he e e all de
d (P
c
a d
e, he gli
hea , f
ha h
he i di id al
. A bi h, he
e
ha
e e gla e ili
a i
a la ge
a d di ce
he f ce e
a
a e , The e e
a d
i
, c i ici i g hi
he
gge
la e e
j
be
hi
.F
hea
e
e e , a he g
i g
a
l e, elf-e
The
ai . I
e b
e e e
i he
Vic e Vic
i cie ce
e eli
e a d c
icked a d he g
he h
beca
f ad e
i i
k f P
e i e, c
hi fa il
ga e
a d ac i
f G d. The B
e
f
a d de
f de e
i e hi deci i
e e
H
e e
e ched e a
ibili i i
ae
hi , e i g a a e i de
e i e , Cle al
ce
id,
he
a i g
f he e
e , i
i g hi
de e
e e
cial i e
i
i
i h De Lac
ec lia
a
e
f
f ie d hi a d
i h De Lac , he
he e he e
i
gh
(93). H
ae
e
a
e l
k he
f
hi
he
i h a de e able a d abh l
d c ,
f
de
ci
he ca de e h
gh
a d i
fig
i g hi
he
il,
e e e
a d e
ake
al e
e
ele
Vic
ef
e
i
i e
e
f
d i e hi
i flic
ill a d
bj ga e hi e
a
ai
ga ce f i ch ice
ch e . Thi f
da e
al c
e e
le a e c
a e i
c
l, b
de e
i ed. O e all, he
la
f de e
he a
i i
g
ga ce f he h Shelle
de e
ci he
i i
i a d a
d he
c
e
i
e c i
e
f de e
U ged h
fa , I had
f hei ac i
,
ci
e
e
e
a
a
i d. e
a
i
hich c ea e a i e b
he ill f
e , a d ha h 31
i a
he
a e
f f ee
Vic
ill. He
,
clai illi gl
f f ee
ill a i e
e i
ha
gge
he a e
ha
he
ill i b
e i g h
ha
e ci d hi f ee
hich hei ac i
al a
ch ice
ha he had
he ill
f a
he la e f a
e ie ce a d elf- eflec i
e a d ha
a e
all , i ila f f ee
a
ha
f he ca
i id de c i i
ea ei
elf a l e i
i
c ea
(159). Ech i g
life, he f ce ha
gge
a
he
hi cha ac e i
c
he a e i e, he
he la e,
. Addi i
e
hi c i e .
illi gl ch e
i i
,
a d e
b bla i g hi ig
ae i
i
f e e
eflec a
l, f
beha i
a e
la e beha i
e. I ce
c
e
i ge cie
a
adic i
a e
ica e,
d c i be
ellec c ea e a fal e ill
e ada
beca
a
e de c ibe hi
he la
ha he had
a h a d f ie d hi i
hich I had
a d de
i
i g f
di be
ea lie , he
e
he
. He a , ... I
a ele e
f
al i
e a
i he
hi ac i
ld
beca
ej dice
dea h, he
able f ce ha he ca
he
f
il
]e e ,
l a de e able ii
e. The
e ea edl
ibili
ejec i
a
di
he a g i h he i flic , b
hich I de e ed, e c
ada
le
a ki g hi
ei f ce e
ffe i g, ha
i
a
d [ e
ligh , a d da k e . The
e
a d
be e
e cha ac e , ea
hi life. La e , af e Vic
l e,
b
f
gh
ejec i
He e ef
l
i ed h
ch a
a
e
e
a d e gea ce. The
c
ej dice cl
ee a feeli g a d ki d f ie d, he beh ld
ej dice bli d
e
a , ... a fa al
ld f ll
c
f e
he a
ha al
c
e f life i a
e ffe
he h
he
a
ck
e fec a
d
a
cha ged
a
ie
a
a
f
Wi
f a
M
i i
l
e
e
, f
f
he
e fec
M h
a
a d ab a
de , i
ali . I
al c
hi
ea d
e ha
e e
he
i
le e fec i
di ili
Shelle c
ec i
f Cha
e, b
be
ag ifice
e e d
bed. I f
he
e
la e
he
ee
de e
he ela i
e
e l
ha
a
La ge c de
ice, g ea M ff a da d
32
ai , e;
, f
i i
a d
he
a i g
ked he eak
alle
bel
. I
hi be
ee
a
e eal de
al chai
a i ,i
i d. He de c ibe : Th
(Reed).
Bla c, ai ed i elf
ea d
a gled
a d
i id de c i i
il f h
i fi i e d ck ,
a i a d ca
M
d
i e
he
Reed de c ibe i
i , he eflec
k
e e e
l i a e defia ce f he
ka i
e l
f ce , c cle ,
a , a
a
a
e e a d
e e
e f hi g a d abidi g b
ked i
alle
e,
lacid a d
ha l
da e
he
e ai i g
B a c, Pe c
l
e e lacid; all
affec ed, e ai i g e b die
e
eflec
a
f life a d dea h. A J h
di g aig i e , a d i
del f
e fec i
a a
e, he
al c
Bla c, he
ili
a d
le
e
he g ea e
d
f
i
e i
ai , fea , a d
he f
Bla c, M
a d
alace
heal
e
i al ae
el,
e
de , Vic
ele . La e , Shelle
M
a
i
e,
a el
Bla c
a
he
. Na
, b
a ed, a d h
ae
(65). M
fla
f
c ea i
a
g a de
he
a d ca
ei , Vic
ka
ffe
i g he a
a i el , Vic
e
li a
,
gh
e i g he
la ed he lake: he
al ha
e. A Vic
a
e
i d
a i : f ll
Bla c ill
a
a d
ai
e, b eaki g he b
fail
lea e hi
e: I c
e a d de e
a
ili . Th
la e. Af e Willia
e
a d Fa e i F a
Vic
e
ade cha . Na
h
a
a d e e al,
aje
ig
ili . Al e
la
a
ki g i e e
del f f
al
e a e bli f ll a
a d a e la
ee
a d
cal , a d he
f
de
a a
ai
(48). While Vic
alace
i e
e il e de cie a d i he e
h
ce e
a
f e
ih i
a da d f
he hea e l
achie e ha ibili
che
e fec i
cal
de
d,
hi
alle bea e ea e ,
e a d he
B all, b I M
Bla c
hich he
e
e,
ake fel ,
e e a
ice
ec
li e . A ligh a d da k e i d,
a
e
e
a
i i
he
al c
hi a
i
l
Vic a
a
ga ce
de
e i g ie
a
f h h ha
ha i e
i
ead i
ha
e
i he
lici id
e
i i
g
e
e ic
a
f cha , ha
e i
al c
ill i a de e
be
e
i e
i
elf- eflec i he
id
f
i .
33
e he
i e
e
de a d e fec
e
e
e
la e
i ed
ih
el
, a d Shelle
if i g he e: life i
e e ill
i
d ced b
l
ejec i
k
ffe
f f ee
ha
he e d,
ill a d de e
he
a bleak,
ill
gge
ecl de he chai
ega dle F a
f
e
ei
a i i
e f
e , de
li e . N
h e ai i
a
ld
a e he g ea e
he
le
l f ll
i e e, Shelle
ili
a
e.
a dig i . I
e, Shelle li a
ile
a di
i i ic
he
gh he h (295), i
de el
f f ee
, i i ele a
a d e b aci g
a
illi g
ill a d
ei
a d i e ca able. I
ea i g. The
e cei e
i d h
a e he
a dh
a e
a d d
lica i
a
e a d life, a d he ibili
de e
lici
a d fi d
ide
a
beca
e
h
f hi g
i e i
he
h a e
, he
i
a
, a d f ee
al e ill
,
hi
ellec . Shelle
a
e
i i
i e e
al e i g ill
i
e i e ce a e f ee
de e
icabl
ld abide b
i i
a
f h
i i e
eflec i
f de e
f he h
a
he he
h
fl
eci e la g age
i i
f a
he e i e ce f
a d gl
e fec l ha
Shelle
life a d
he
ih j
a d g ide h e
e a d effec , a d he h
ica e de c i i de
i e
cha ged, f
ei
ha de e
e a d ha h
cile
g
d,
dee l feel. (296)
he e e la i g
d , a e f ca
ai
i
e
del. O e all, Ma
ca
al
e ai
(299) ha g
ice. I
i e, a d g ea , a d g
i ei a e
i e al: eeki g
he g ea e
a
ffe i g, a d g
d e
fi d i
he
de i id
f
W k Ci ed H
Ma
Bib e: Ne
Re i ed S a da d Ve i ihA P e , 1989.
Shelle ; J. Pa l H Ne
e , Ed.. F a e Y k: W. W. N
ei , Sec &C
c
ha. O f d U i e i dN C i ical Edi i a , 2012.
.
Reed, J h R. Will a d Fa e i F a ke ei . Reed, "Will a d Fa e", B lle i Re ea ch i he H a i ie , 1980, h ://k a f.e gli h. e .ed /A icle / eed.h l. R
ea , Jea -Jac
Shelle , Pe c B
he. M
f
e . i e, O Ed ca i . T . Alla Bl Ne Y k: Ba ic B k , 1979. Bla c. F a ke ei , W.W. N 1818, . 295 299.
34
&C
a
,
35
36
I
b
H
a Na
Sydney Fishman
Margaret Atwood s 1985 novel, The Handmaid s Tale, is one of
the most inventive, provocative, and insightful books of the 20th century; and from its many adaptations, on stage, film, and television, to the author s own popular sequel released in 2019, its world has maintained relevance in popular media decades after its initial release. In this essay, however, Sydney Fishman takes us back to the original text. Written with a clear love for the material, her analysis examines the characters complex relationships between each other and their world, finding profound conclusions about the nature of humanity. Content Warning: Rape, Misogyny, Graphic Language
37
he f be f
if la d
c ed
he li e e
al e
l
f i
d ci
a dc
i i
ec i
e . L
a d ejac la i
defi ed b
a
e
, e
le bec
e e
be d
i le
e
hi ica ed, ef e h
e e
lie a
he
al
e i
e
a
ead
f
al e e
l
f
cie
c
a i
eal h
he
i al-ba ed life
38
cce
a
e
. B le
f i
b eak he
elief. The f i
a
if l
e e ed ed
a hie a ch i
de
a e ie
Wife. Wha i
ic i e
he e
cla . Wi h
fi d f
i
ce
, a d
li l
ble i ,
ll
hi g b
a , f ced i
,a
a
a life:
he
i h a fe
e
, a d
e e ge i
e
f
a
a e
de i e a d
a
i
,
(Ge e i
e fh
d ci
lga , ea chi g
i ed f
, a i
a ki d, b
l be filled
a de a d hi e
a i ali ic,
fh
aged, a
a li le, j
i g he a i al ki gd a
li l i i
f e
ca
, i
ed e i
e de
l a d
de ed a d e bec i e
hi ed i
ecificall
da
he hea
e ba ba ic a d
a i ,
f he Bible: A f
e l f lfill he
a e e c
. E
i h he C
d
eli i a e l
de
f ge a i
Ha d aid a e h ee
i
. P c ea i
e e e fe ile
he
cie , Gilead ai
ci i e
al c
e
la e he ea h ab
i fil a e he a
e a d e h
f Gilead
l i l ;P
9:7). A a ec f
da i
i
be a
e i ila l i g
cie
f
f Gilead a e f ced
hich lead
he acce a ce f
i
i
i
f
he
al
l g
a life
a d he i
ed
ec
hei biblical e e e e f l
. A
ec ea i
ef e
ial , b
lea
la i
ei he c
e i e ce f hei
a i al
ha e a i
hei
a
fi d a di
i
i
e l
ig ed
f
le h a i
a
e
e
h
i h hi
f
i
a Off ed. Hi Gilead
cie
he
ha i
l
e he
e fa
hi ,
he C
f h
a
e a 39
e. I
ae
i hal
ha
ec i
i
ed
ei
hi
f he h
ical
ha ld
cie ,
ec i
ih
e. I a e
e,
l i le
e
ide
a
i e lacki g (A i
e , he C
he
e . Off ed i h hi
he
d 163). The a de like ide ife b
ha la i g
a de d e
l ga e
e he
i h hi Wife a d he
he
he a
c
he
a de ha i
d i g.
hi g i g i g
he , he C
e e
half f
i icki g a
a de lack
i h hi . E e f
e be hi a Je ebel a a e
i
ical
he b i g ec i
,a
he b
i i al c
al c
ead
f he . Wi h
, i i e ide
e . The C
f
ie , Off ed
f
be ide
life
i
ac ed, i i
a
de el
ha e a e
a
a d eadi g
a
e
alida i
hei li e . I
ga
ide
a i
ec i gh
a
i
al c
c
he a i al ki gd
h e e
ha , c
e ac i
el
ead f
ha he
d 94). A i al
f ced h
ed ibili
i le he i
ellec ,
e
ga e
i
a de a d Off ed a e
i f
a fa c
i
,
ha ha e
i g he e Ce e
he eali
e, beca
(A
e . B defi i i
al, e
f
e i
ecie
ake e
e hi i
he Ha d aid f
ellec
ific. D
l
el i a
le
aki g l
e,
he
he
call hi
i g hi a al g
he h
ed
ac i
e , l i a el leadi g
Off ed f
h ee
a de f ck
ellec a d e
hi i
l ab
cie
e
i
ec i
le
lea
e half, he C
hi life a he i
i
cha ge i
i g he
l
Ha d aid i j i
le
a e
he e i c
al c
he e e
de i e e f
i
ecie . The C
ki d. I
i
ecificall , e ca be a
aki g i
he e ha [ he] ha
a
e
e . While he Ce e
B
h
a
a
e
e, a
a
h
he . Off ed ef
cie
i e
f
b d
a
he , he e a e
d if a a ,
Se e a
f bidde e
f
a
,b
a a
c
g h
e all i i ac ,
e
c ed
di g e . I i h
d ci
f
be.
All f Gilead i ig a
a iable hi
ha
ha e e ge i k
ha d
eli i a e l
a d de i e, he
e a e
ca
d
e . The C
f
l a
Na
e de a d
c ea i
al
he a ie , f
a eg . I
ide i elf l
ih
he i
e
l
be
l ga
i
, a d
j
e e
f
hi i
, i
a
a
d 237). A
al di i c i
ee h
a de . E e
Gilead ca
e
he
a ki d
a ie
a d
a
a e
h
f
ha f
ch a h
be
he C
he e he
ifica i
ea
(A
e a i al , i i all a ca , acc di g
de ig ed
ha e hei e ca e
a d
la
al a d e
ed a de
e . I
Na
ellec
ill all
chea i g a d
i g. P hibi i
a fac
ha
a
f hee h
e
l
le
a
ie ,
da e f e e a
e e
l
b eak all he e b d
agi g i i e
e
S cie
i
l
he
ha he
le
eal i
he
a
e
d,
h ee
C Off ed
ea
he
a de . The fi d a
a
he
h i
a e
d a d e il f he le i
a e he a d c
ea e i
ed a ki d. The e
f ,
he i
ledge,
ca
l be
ela i
hi
c
bec
e
ca ce ha e e
h ej bi
i h Nick a i e
e a icall
ee Nick behi d he C he C
eg a e he elf a d 40
c
he
a e he , i a de
lea e he elf, a d ha
he cie .
Gilead k
a d a c
le
i
ed ca i
, ca be a h ea
ec i
i
icall
ec e
he fac i
he
e f c
cha
a if [ he ]
i i g a e f bidde a de ,
f a a ch , beca
lea e Se e a, he
i h hi
ee
e, Off ed a ,
el all de
f . I
de . Acade ia i Gilead i
cie ,
he A
ac
a
iha
:
ea
ee a a e il beca
f lfilli g a d e a di g. Off ed ag ee f
e a d
e. I i
cie , he e a e
be id li ed, b
a da d, lead
f Gilead. H e ac i
hi
la Sc abble
e adica e g
be g
de . F
le de i e i
f he hie a ch , he C
, b
hich i gh
le c
le-b eaki g, addi g a e
f eed
e
e eadi g a d
he Ha d aid b
ha
cce f l h
e
i hable a
f Gilead. Sc abble i
e gi e
ligh e
ed
a d
he
d e
ie
he Bible ca
a e
ha
a
he . E e
e c ha
e a c i e j
ake
ha e, a d i
beca
e abli hed i
a de
ca
le b
he
l
a k Off ed
le
C he e
he
a de
h e
ec i
ali ie
a ied c
Gilead, hi bec lef
ha
he C ld
a c
e
back f
he
a de i i fe ile, i e
de
he
ake
f
a Ha d aid i
Gilead. Se e a he elf l
he -da gh e
hi
l
e, feel c
ec ed
[he ] eal
a e, a d feel
hi
beca
e a
a e i a e
e
cie
(A
Nick
ee
di e a
d l
f bidde e l
e
a
,
ec i
i
ide
ld l e
i da ge
i
ec i
ha
he
e
le
,a e he c
k agai l
f he
ld e e
a
icall
he
e
killed, b
f h
he
Off ed da e
e i a dea h e
ali e. The
e
i
d 270). Ha i g hi
a illegal l h
a
d ci e a i ;b
i g fa e (A ,b
i
Off ed. A d Off ed,
d 65). Nei he Nick
ld be e
he e
c
he ef e [ he] i k
e ha
l , ai f ll ea
ha
ha
e el, a
f Gilead (A
a
i e all dd
hich i a
a d ha i
al c
h
ided b
Nick, de
ifica i
e i
hi
be
ld i ge b h Nick a d Off ed
ch a f eig e
e
e beca
i
c
i
a
a i al ki gd
he
N
e f ide
l
d 270). Off ed i a
he a
hich ca
f
ela i
he he i i l he . She ell
g
a
he
a life e
e ce. hibi ed
ed
be i
a e all-c
i g,
e ibl high- i k. Me
f
ie
f he
e. She ld
h
lea
de
a
c
gh
feel
ec i
be f g
e
ea d
he
a
a
e
he C
di ega d. Pe il ee i g
da ge . The li e be bec
e
ee
ac , j
he
a e e
he e
e
f
he
i
. She i
ela i
i
i
all f he ideal
g bec
e di
he e i
i
ed,
ac : l ga
fa il d e , l i
i g
acce
he
k
e ide a ed a
l
e he e
he
a
e
eed
e e di g a d fl beca
a
ac like
a . S , Off ed l i lie
f
feel
cha ge h
hi g i al igh ,
he a i al ki gd 41
,
a d
e a d lea
a d Nick
he life
i f l a d he
he i begi
e he
ac like e e
ac like hi i
l ga
be deg aded
a de , e he he
ha
del he
ali ed
a
igh a d
f
i
e
he
de i e, a he ac i
a de
cie . She i
i
hi
i h he C
he a
a d
i
e afe beca
e , e i
acce
acce
effec i el
i k bec
i e i Gilead i
l belie e i
gh
Off ed
e h dical. A d j
e i e ca able. Off ed lea e. T
de f
l h
de
ai i g. Off ed b ild
bec
f
ld- ch
f he E e . I
he fa e, Nick, a d e e ha d
be e adica ed i aba d
he e e
e a ic h
a
a i g
ih
e he e i
f Gilead, b
i
he
i
e
i
f he
i e i abl , he
e ill i
i
l de, h
.U f a
a el , he b ild a
e bei g he
42
ill
l i a ed
l c fall.
i
e, a d
43
44
AS
F
Madison Green
Submitted for MKA s Utopia class in its first year, this piece portrays a society well worth imagining, though whether it deserves the title of Utopia is up to the reader. Madison Green s judicious, powerful writing choices lay out a clear picture of the world without sacrificing depth in her characters, all while expertly striking an eerie tone that stays under one s skin even after the story s end.
45
a al a Vale cia he
c
ld de e d
i d d
agai
gh
he
ee ed. I l
ee
ked
a
i
e e i g
c
ld affec
bli ked,
ai ed
a diffe e h
a
a e i ca d
e h
de
le
h
e hi g he
e
e e a clea a
ea i g c l f l cl he
la ghi g
eadi g chee
a ced b ; h h l
ch,
ha
he
he
ee
ld
le face , child e d aggi g hei
,h
g l
g c
a ched a
he l
dded a d ke a ed, l
ha
i g
ge a a e f he
agic f
ha I
ld ha e e e hea d i
ke
hei
i ga
ha e a ca e i
ked a
e a
alki g, e e ked b h
e
he
he , a all
a . I ld, a if
ile
a hi g
b h hei
eachi g a c
a , a d ke
g i g. I
i
e
alk.
iled; I had
he did.
I hea ed a igh, a d child
ili g
i ef
alk; a if he did
il he ca
de i a i
a
if l.
ee he he . I
le
k . Child e
a al
ld i g hei
. Tha
hi g . The c bble
le h ldi g ha d
ed behi d a
face . The The
a c
he cl e
l bea
I f ll
he
idda
hi g hei
cie ce. The bi d
Vale cia, al a
ha I a ed. Pe he
a d fa he
life. I
g
he k , i
be filled. Me cha he
,a
f he li le h
ha h
i
h
ed a gh a
dj e
46
i e
a cha i g he .
f he
a
fa
Hel ! S back
e
e hel
e a hi b ea h ee ed igh
a e
b e ai
c
ha e bee I
c
e
e
he
i i
hi
e a d
e
hei
e i
hei
a
i
he a
he e a
ed
a ic la j ke
c
ica e lag e f ig R
f
he
e ;
, l
ee
be all
be
k
he
a d
i al a
d , hi i g a d e
, i
a ched
ed
a ked f
he
de ied
a e d
he he c
h
id-da ; I . H
f
elli g
f ie d
ee ed
ld ee ha a ,
hei
a
hea
ai e e, he
a g i g h
ef ll
ae
e
all .
he child e i
ld be
iled a
ge a
e ai
e all d e e
f
h
f he . I c
hei e e . I ;
f ie d
de . The
ed i
f
ki g a a
he d bee he
c
ld
hei
l e a l
be la e. I ee
a e i g
ld l
he
a ce. i g a fe
he lidi g d e
l
ih
eedi g
e ei he acce ed
a d
l be
ld
e bl ck , I a
f i , I ead he fa ilia
a
e e , ica e
, hei g
i
i ad i a i
ade ea
b e ai eali
ed
ld
l .
e age. Thi i h
I hea d he bell chi e, ig ali g half a he
. He c
c
da , bef e
he ide a I
i hed
a d e ,b
g a
e ked i
alked b . Sh
d he . The
di g child e
ed
i
le.
head, I
de
h he b
ile a d la gh a a j ke ha ed
did
he
a d. He l
held hei a
f h e
ilk fab ic, hei e e ligh i g
ha
ea ed bef e f ha e bee f
ela hi
e age
i
fe
a e
a di g a d
i i
aki g hi f hi
di a
l e f
de
ea
d c
head, I d a he
e
a ke . L cal e d
e .I
head i
k
dded hi head i
ela
L
. I h
, I ha e
c l f l, g abbed he a e e
k
di a
e a I a ed hi
i i
, a ki g f
ked i
e. I h
fea ,
h a . P babl a
e. The b
a ic la fa e, ala hi e
e he e. He e
life I
a l cal h
hi
ked back i
be ca gh i hi
ade b
a ed ha dded
a
e
ld be
a if a ki g f hi
e lea e! He l
a ed
ha e a
e e
ached a
d Medical P e af e a
he ,
i i e aA
hi e b ildi g. O
c a em, a I
he a d he child e i ed. I
c
ica i 47
a
ece a
f
he
hed i dded hi
he b ief
i
e ac i l
. The e
a
i e
l cl i g. I hea d a
a
, flaili g he
ca ch he e e f i elf be
ee
a he
l
e e
he ele a
e i g, a e
e
hi
ih I
ki
a da k e
gh
c a decidi g ha i hed d all f he ele a ake hi e e I
i
all g a e
a if
ee if I
all he a fi ge c ace, d
e i
e di g
a
ed i f
f hi
bee a
i ded a I
a ,I
ha I
ha
e
a ha
aigh e ed
he 7 h fl
he ha d
l
l
cl he ,
h
lde , a d
, ela i g agai
a ,
e cl e
filled he e cl ed
h c
. I bega i .Il
la
ih
ked
g a e
ld
he ee
ld e e be able e
all ica e
ca ch
. I
k
e
e el e
ed ick l
48
l
jacke a I f
hea
l e, ga e hi
ki g back a
e, a hi
e a he lef a hi
i h hi
ee
. I
l
f hi
la e . I fel like I
a
b ea h.
ha e fel
e eached he 7 h fl ica i
e e
ld c
he ele a
a hi fi ge g a ed e he ki
b
e e ded
e f he b
a d hi
l e. I fel a
i hed, I c
e, I al
ace. I li e ed a
a
e highe c
k a
i e. A
he ide . Hi
ickl
f
ed
hi
i e like hi
h. I
l e.
e ec
elb
he eeded. Th e ed
e la e ,
bl
e e ce. I
i ga dI i
a a
a affec ed b hi
ha if I S
ee hi d fl
fel a
l
elief a I
e.
ha
he g
.I
a k
i g
he k ee . I
hi i g a
if I had
e ed he b
i g
e e ded
feel he e ef
ff f
ef
e a
ed a d faded
ld a he ha g
hai . I
e. I ighed i
k igh i
a b
e e
he ai , h
e a la ge ha d laced
f
e, a I be
ical. Pe ha
igh ha e a ake i hi a ha
i
e
a
e fi al da h. I held
kee i elf i
i h, a d hi la ge a
a c
he ele a
ca ch he b ea h I d ee ed
be
hai
ha
ade
he la
i g
behi d
h e a
e e filled
che . I
. A
h had decided
a ,
e ae
, h ldi g he
la gh e f
ka
all, fi
b
e i
he
I hea d fai head
like a bab bi d de e
ee
b ea h a I a
ick i ake f b ea h, a I
he cl i g d
ee ed i be
ca ch
de i
k back
e ai a a f
a
e e hi ,
a d hi , a
a
ickl he
eel
d
h
hi
Hi ha d
a a f
e e
I h
gh, a d e
k he
he ece i
a
f
he
g ld
hed he d
ec e a
he
lef
ffice
fi g
had al a a b ief
h
ea
a
h e
a I eached he e d b. O
ile a
he d
i
ea ed
a d la e de e
ffice, a i g
e ed
g lde k
a d
i
ead li
a I
af ed i
la
e. I
bef e
e
I
a clea
ie
a I
e
al
he
i
e
a e
c
ha be
ld e a
i ga
f lfill
ile
face, I
idia life. A
ld
c
e
ih
a d
e f
ea
he e a e
e
e e e
he e e bbi g he
f he
he
ai . I
a a
g child e . Thi
e ha
i e . I
e . She
a
dded
e ed he d
h
he e
i ai
lde , h
i g
i g ha
f hei
e b
, ha
ha
i h e
age f h ee
h had
ecei ed he
ced
igh
a e f
be cha ed b i
he j b. I ke he . Bag la
e i acce a ce, k
hei
e .P
f e b
e cif l
i h ha
k c a. I
ffice, g i g
i ei
e
child
hi e
he f
e
ed i .
dded he head face. A
i
e, e fec i
I
dded
.
elc
ai , ha
a ed i
ba d ee ed l i
ea
i h, a d
he lef
i fi e
a ie
ide he
e
c a, f
he a
e
fi
ed
e i
i
ela
ece a
a di g
ld e
a
ed
e
e e
i g
ica ed
ge he
hei
i le
he
d
had bec
c
e age I c
a d
f
a d
a e
la ed le e . A fai
able
ee
The c ea
e
i
ki .
e e f agile.
ed
. The hall
I e cha ged
de . I had
l
fl
i d
ica ed a b ief g
ea
gh I
f child e e
e
i e
ked a
a di g, a
c
h
h f hi fi ge
a i .
I l de
le
e , he ce
gh
a
gh , a I
al c ea
ai i g f
a e, Ame iam, i
ill feel he
h
hi e li
f i , a k -bl e d
had e
ld
he g a ed ki a
i ' de k. The
eaked agai
ba el
e. I c
? 49
a
; a ch ice f he
ile i
de he e e a d he
ea e hi
a e f he a
ie . She
ece a . He a e
e e
ef a ed
i h e
fa
e ab
e. She
el
ld
i hf
he d
ai
f i
al
life. Wh
e he he ld
c
The
all b
ica i
I
dle i
a ha i g
l ck , a bl e e e l hi
d
d
he
ha
l
h
e
a i a bea
e e ce f i
if a a e
i
ked
ed i
ica i g
ha d
ed
he . S ,
e de e ded
a d
he he
he '
ake he
f hei child e . Tea
begi
he
hi
e e
if l da
f
fa he .
ba d, c
a al a
he be
he l
i , a
he . S all ha d g a
a
ced
face a
ligh . T
ee ed
i ai g
he
ha
he '
idda
he d
ife. Thi
he fa he
a
ihi
ked a
I b iefl gla ced a child f
he
i d
ha
e
ha e
he
e
b iefl fell
a le i g i f
f
e
i e . We laid he child d
c
ica ed
child d
i h he
he
eedle f ce
i fa
bed, ha
he . The fa he
b i
e a ed
a
,
e a i g f
he
e, a
k i
a dee
hile I
b ea h a he held hi
he i e i able c ea he i fa
e a ed
f ag
' bl e e e l
.I
k he
ked f
e
i
e.
M
, I called h ldi g i
I called a li le l
ha d
de . I ighed a d h
ld be e edied i
a
ed hi head a a f
a e
f
a fig k
ld
head i di a
e
hi child, all
ei c
. I l
ked
ee. M
i
e
a d
i g he ea
da
.
. All f hi
he fa he , a he
e hi
lee e. I
a
e e . I ig hi
a
ed he
ece a . I c
he , i I e e be
a
de igh
ced hea h
ih
ha i
a c e
efe e
he b f i d. I
e
he
ee
a
he
ec
ha
e, ha e
e, he ea
a d. The b ea
he , a ica ed
ca , A e ia . The h
e a ea f
ld i agi e
fa ilia
ica ed
W d
he i fa
e hi g ha
he
fa he c
e
ail f
a a f he b
f a d
a b ief
he e
ai
a d
i
he
a de
A e ia . 50
f
ai , f
he
he a d e e ece a .
ha
b d
,i a f
h
g age.
he
a
ec he dig i e
a a
ge ie
i
e,
a e ece i
head
he
ica ed
all Vale cia
e ed h
lai ed
a
i
e e
e h dica ,
e cha ac e . The e f
e
a ife i e
e
, a d he f ha
i e ,
A b ief I
e
f ai f
hed he
Pe fec i
c
ld
M head. I
a life i e f ha
i ge elea i g he che ical i c
e
ih
a ece a
! The child c ea ed ickl clea ed he bl
ha d behi d
i e .
e, a d
d
he child' B ca
ai .
e fi al i e, a I
k he
, bef e aki g he chi
laci g i
i hi
A ea.
i ge
he
he child' head. M
fi
e had i -! I
he
ailed
ce
e, bef e ile ce. I l
iled. I had al a
ked
a d
k ee
he
he
l
f
ee ed he
he . O e ha
l
i
he . I
he
ld be i
She c ld lea
ee
. She had head
ece a
ch ice
ge he h
ld
ddi g
e a
eace a d c
ea
he
k a he child. The i fa e e
i d
i e. He b d a
f
. I
.I a
h ill
k a he aili g, b
ld agai , a lea
he gh
ha d , a d c
la
in eace. In ilen i
,
he chai ha d i
bea
gh
he
a i
l had. I
e
ld
ge called
e i
h had falle f
ea he , a d held he cla
a ca a a . She c i
efe ed ile ce. I b
ed i
libe i d l
c
e
ih
i hed e he
ec , hi
ea , a d he fai l
a a bea
if l da .
51
i
c ed
: Silen i m ha
e ed, b
he
e
i life. I
d
a af e all a e
lea e all i d
e
ha had j
ee he child c
ake. I bega
eached
Vale cia. I
i .
e
a d he i
ce agai . I gla ced i fa
he head f he i fa
m if he
ica ed he Vale cia
ha d, b
i g he fa il
e
e i e, a d
f a g
g
he c ea h
a
e
f a ed
T
W
C a
Each year at MKA, the Junior class gathers together in the dining hall for a few hours. They are all given the same piece of writing as a prompt and, within the time allotted, write an analytical essay in response. In the 2019-2020 school year, the prompt was Louise Erdrich s short story I m A Mad Dog Biting Myself for Sympathy. In her story s few short pages, Erdrich s main character steals a car, kidnaps a baby, wrecks a police car, and wanders through a snowstorm, all because, on a whim, he decides to steal a stuffed toucan. Though the story on its face seems absurd, the author uses her narrative to contemplate what might cause a person to arrive in such a situation, and asks questions of desire, intent, and how we make sense of our own lives. In the following essays, students share their various analyses of the text, as crafted during the Writing Challenge. 52
B
H
The Blinding Reality of Hysteria Emani Fung
53
a c e
le
le d
a
g he
bi a e
ildl c
a
I
he h
f
i
c
ib
al
g
id, L
he fi
e
hi
la e
- e
f he h
a
ie
he
e
i a
a e
he c
, E d ich ill
he ca
eal a
ffed
ca f
e
ack
e
(E d ich 1). A
E d ich ble d hi d igh
ae
ei e
k f
e
i h he i a i
54
ali
e ce f he
ai
.
c ea i e
c e e i age
f he
he
a d he
l iface ed
ki g
a i di id al de i e a e
begi
hi e -gi lf ie d
ledge hei b eak he c
e
lli g he eade
he a a
Walg ee
f hi c
de c ibe b h he e e
hi deci i
ef
e
e ia.
f he e e e
lead
ig a
a h , E d ich
h
ha c l i a e i
ee if hi ha
S
fe
ead a
le i ie
de ce
- e
i d, a d h
a a
ha
, effec i el
i
i
he
i d e . While i i
ci
e ce f e e
e he
able a
e ha
il hei deci i
ied elf-de
The bi a e e beca
e
a a i e a d defa ilia i ed hi ha
,b
feeli g
a
elf f
i i g e
e
ake i
i e E d ich
i g he fi
a a
ih
a Mad D g Bi i g M
i h he a a l
la ld
he he e f f e
I e
ide a ge f e
e ia. Thi all-c
he de ic
I
f
h
a h , a d ca
ie
ha ba el l
e ie ce a
i
h e ha
challe gi g f a he
bei g e
ih a iall
, a d a iall
f hi e e
hef . I
j
ail he a a he
.
e e
,
, he
a a
aba d
f e
all fac l ie
f ea
i g a he ge
f he hef . He ec g i e hi
ee
a
h
gh e e
e
lack f c
a e aki g
e
l,
e
f ec llec i
,
i h he a a
ha ha
e ed
ld ha e ha
e ed (1) if he had i
hel
e abli h he
e
gh ea
f a
ic
M e i
he e e
d bie
he
a a
e
e ce . F
c
e
la i g
a led b
le, a
e
c
e
i
a
ih
hile i
a a
a de
[The bab ] he
a
al
g
ehe
ifie
e
aei
he
e hibi
a d I hea
he
a a
ible a
e
f h
; al h
, i
e e
gh he ha
he
e
e
de c i i
i
i
, hi
e fh
fe e f
e
ca
aid hi
g h k. The
,
e, he i a a
, lea i g he
all
ake, he heigh e ed a ic f he - aki g fac l ie . E d ich a l
i h he
ae e
e
I hea
ch I fl
le ca
cia i e
e
f
he
e
i g f i
a e ela ed i
i g he eade f he
bab c i g
ha ca e
f he ed c
(2). La e ,
ali ie , c
d
, he e e
he h ieki g
he ga
i h he
i d, a
a al
55
e
he
e cei e he g a i a f ll .
a a
ha hi
le
ace a d f ag e
E d ich
he le d
hich add a e
a ca
i d e , effec i el di i i iall
ed,
e ce , a d hi
he a e di d a
ice f
e ia. The
ha i di j i
al deci i
ha h
a a
eade
e f all ea d
- e
ill ha gi g
a
a a i e ch ice i c
a
i h hi . While he agi a ed
diffic l f
,i
ed hi fi a i
ee f
dde l g abbi g
he eade
(4). Wi h he e di a
he f a e f he
a
i h he
he
ale
he i
he back ea , he
a a
f all a i
e ae
eedi g d
e
he fi
a l gical deci i
hi lack f a i i h
he
f he ca
ded. While hi i he
a
ki
d i e
i
h
l aba d
f hi ac i
i hi
, he c
he he
decide e
i a ac i
e a
he
ai
f he bli di g
f he l
c
he
e f f ag e
de c i i
ela e
i g
be
e
ch l gic b le e.
e , he
E d ich
di
he
e e , E d ich al
l e d i i g he a a
ec g i e he ab
i d e de ed
e
ed li e E d ich d a
e g h f he i
la e
c
he e cala i g
i g A
e he e (2). H
i cl de
a d di ca ded he bi d. The bl
i
f
i
a a c
e ce i a
ake i
ac i
, hi
llable,
fe
A e
he
li e a
a d
e
l
ea h
ce
i d i he
d i e
E d ich c
e
h
he
e
h
ead
ace al h
hi g he ca
al
a a
i
e a i ile
f ag e
ai
E d ich
e
a eali ie
d
a d i ile , E d ich
ai f ll
hi
elligible, ea igh i
ill i a
gh
i g li e a cce f ll a al. A
a . B i g f he
all
le, a
ai
hi
eed a d
all hall
ih D e le
i
la i g
he c
idi g he e i g eade hi j able
56
e a
bi a i
faced b
ai
al, he e
f ll
he c
e
a d
a
he fi
i d. - e
e ce f e e le ,
elf-de
i d e ca ha e
he
e .
f he h i hi
ce.
b fl i g a d
gh hi c
le i ie
d
all a
ch a defa ilia i a i
ibili ie aff ded
gh
a celike
he a a
he e
a d h
e e , hi
e e
ech i
,
i aled fa be
(4). Th
a d
he
he c
ei
d feel
he ai
ig a
a a
he ig ifica ce a
e
ha i a
i h hi
de
i g a ic
i
e eal
f he c ea i e
h
f
e hi life ha
f he i
ea h
hi
he
al age i . H
be
ice al
e
e a
A d he
il , beca
ed
l ai
a
edica e
gh he g
ha he i
, E d ich
a
. F
ill
ai g
a e he e
Ul i a el , h
ai
e, b
c
ela i
f hel le
e a h , E d ich de c ibe a cha ac e f gi g
l a d he e i
f
i
f he a a ,
e d , a d he bi e
i
ca g
ck
he eali e
ce e i
a a
gh he
g i g a a
He e, E d ich
ffe
he
he e
defa ilia i ed la g age. E d ich f e
a c
he ha c ea ed,
ae
i
i idl
ele a
(4).Wi h hi
hi c
ead a
f
he i e ca abili
kee d i i g he ca ce ai
e
E d ich
gh a bli a d,
a e
ill I kee
ha
a d i ile
igi al a d
a a
ele e
ci h
ei e , E d ich
a li e .
57
58
I
A Ma D
B M A A a Sanaa Williams
59
S
a
he c
a
l
e i f
cha gi g. The i
e e
e
ki g
all
e
h
gh e
ea h
ical c
elf-de
h
de el
i f
f hi
e. I L
e
i i ac
a
cei , c ea i g a
i di g a d
e
i h ea
f
a Mad D g Bi i g M
elf
c
i h hi
le l e
a
i
elf; hi e
li e. The
hi i abili
e ie ce . E d ich e de i e f
I
ba le
fall d e
l
ide
i e E d ich
i h hi d a i
ad ha i c
f e e
i d c ea e a c
l iai
ai cha ac e i
cce f ll
he c
acce a ce,
le i i g
a iga e hi
f he h
a
le
bi d a
he
g i g elab a e he e
f
i d a
f elf-di c
e
a d
e e
elf a a
. he begi
e
i a
f hi
h
ci
F
i
f fail
a de
a d c ii
e
icac
a h , he a a
he i
i
elf-di c
i g a d ea
S
c
ah
i
i g f he e
a
f
h
, he
ai
he i , a d he i i ial i
i e ca able a g i h. Hi i cie
a d i i e ide
di g , i ae
ha i i
i g a Ch i
a
he e e
l
i
a a a a
cha ac e
e
ec
ha al h ifie
hi
i
i
e
gh c e
f
60
hi ide
i f
f e
i .O
ha he di e e al
i
al di
gi lf ie d ha i ea h
ec
hi
a i fie
e . I i iall i g hi age 1 he
la
e
e
he eed E d ich c
f
ie , M
,
i ei
gi lf ie d
e
a f
a a he
hi
adic
i h hi f he
e
he Ch i
le a
e eali g he e
Da
a g
i
a e
bi d i
a
E d ich
i
e i
e
h
e e
ea
e
a e
be acce ed, b
f he h
lde
a a
ca ie
a a
g
b al
affi
f
i
hi
h
lde
e e le g h
a if i
b ai
de c ibe h he e
he a
de
. She c
e
ck, ha gi g e ae
a
i
e
i e
a j ha h
hi
b ai
ed a
i
h ifie
d ca
e 61
hi
hi
ca
i
ffed
e. gh he
gh a
h
de
ffed
le, E d ich
a ce i
. E d ich
he
.
e a e he
ie , I i
he
chi a d he I bea d
,
i g he bi d like a a .N
he al
i h he
ag e ic
cie al
he
g e
e
ell, a d E d ich I hea he
ffed
he e e
a i
he cha ac e
a e he
, he
l d e
e a h , E d ich a i i e h
i g ca
gh b
f
i
e eah
he bi d, b
ide
le e
e la
f
d ce a
e di
he bi d a
a
a
ffed
ea ch
acce a ce h
lifie i
de ha
ld
le bi d. Al h
he
fee
i
: c
ha e f
li h he a e
g ld (1). Ra he
a de
a
e hi g a he
he cha ac e
g
gh b e e
cha ac e a d he
a d h ld he l
ai
. Se e al b
f he
hich hea il a
eal a
hi
ela i e. E d ich
ec i . U i g he bi d a he
c a i g f
i h
ai
h
he bi d e
he e
d
he be efi
ld ha e
he bi d
le el
ld be
like g i g he di a ce f
le g h
gh
f
hi g he c
ea
g
able he a a
illi g
I e e c
he de i e h
acce a ce,
The bi d
h
f
e elf, he
le a e
bi d.
i abili
e
f he
Walg ee
e
ffe i
e hi g he i
cie al acce a ce ha i
bl c ii
e agge a ed bi d f
f
c
acce i g hi
le
a a
eh
la e
ha
hi gi lf ie d, b
ha he ha
he idea ha
a ai able a d c ea h
e
ha
he e
ide f
e
ie
e I d ha e he
elab a e (E d ich 1). The
ea
a gif
el de
ha E d ich
acce a ce i
he
a ge beca
big
e he belie e
he
e
.A di i
hi g e
e e le g h
(1). The
e
gh
d hi . Ra he
ld e e c
e e
elf ha he ha elf beca
acce a ce. He c f
, h
e elf, a d h
e
bi d,
a
hi
gh. E d ich
i
e e
ad i c
e
a
Ch i
i
he
ecificall . She i
h ieki g i a
(2). E d ich c ea e a ic
e ha i
al
c
ical f he ab
acce a ce. H elf-de i
d ac i
e e , i
ci
d i g
ha c
i g he elf i
e
a d
a d h
iall
de
ci
be ejec ed b de he
e
k
h
kid,
gh he
ll
e
ega dle ea h de
ah
f he eff
he he eali e
i e hi e
he e i
e e ea
ea
g i g i elf-c
. He eali e h
f
acce a ce. E d ich beca
i e e
hi
e he f
cie
ible
bei g a
l
i
a a
ible. Th i i f
he a a he a a
i
f
e
ha
ha bec
he
e c eali a i
ac ifice a d de
e el e.
62
l
i
ic
al
he ha bec
fel b
he
d hi , i hi d
i i i e
eb
hi j
ci
h he eall i ,
. Acc di g
he
a
e f cl
f
e
i
i ha e
ci
i
feel e ha
ad all he e e, b
ible e
he e d f he ih
E d ich, elf-di c
, a d he de i e
he
cie ,
le a
e, I bei g
(4). The a a
e fh
he eade
i h he e
ca i g
hi de i e
i e he
be ejec ed b
ha i i g he ag
he he
ed b
acce a ce. She c
ake
,
di e
lice ff c
l fi i he
gh he
he bi d. The bi d ge
le i i e
a
idic l
i fl e ci g hi ih
he de i e f
igh ed i elf (3). De
i g
af e he ha
e elf beca ide
f
ill e e
flic
al c
ae
i
f he bi d b
ha he
e e
c
a eli g hi
hi
e
ci
h
b ai
he de i e f
f
l i ea
ch f ce he ca
i
i g.
he f c
he bi d a
he
g
f
e
h
a
he ca
ha fli che i
ee
a d
he
he bi d afe, he fail , a d i i de
ha i
he de
e ai
eall i .
h
e
.
ih
kee
l
b ai
ha
j
ed f hi fa ade,
d hi . E d ich highligh a
a a
he h
i ci
e back
ai
ha i i i he e
i d hield a d i
a d
le a
ce he i
ce, c
ical
da e i
lice ca
he de
he de
gh E d ich e agge a e
h
lice ca , a d he
le e ac i g
a a e
he
h
, E d ich hif
he
cie ,
li hed b
gh
he ha h eali
f he bi d b
a e he bi d,
lea e
hle . Al h
he e d f he
cie al acce a ce
k
e e de i e. E d ich highligh
acce a ce, he effec i el highligh T
a
he d e
ihe
da ge
e hi g ha i e e
a
be j
he e like
L
i e E d ich
he
I
a g
e l iai
e
e
f he
da e a a a
he diffic l
h
e
he
, a d i c
e
ha
he a a
flic
lag e
a
elf f
he
e ,
ea h e
j
S
f he
e e
l
f
he e
63
elf-acce a ce i
il elf-acce a ce i
ffed bi d a hich
e
a h . She c ea e a c
ible
gh , he c i i
f elf-di c
a a i e. E d ich c
a e
cie al acce a ce i i
e hi g a
e
e
a Mad D g Bi i g M
ha
i g
cce f ll c
e
a
abili e
he
ffed bi d h e
e ce.
gh he
acce a ce a d
g i g he e f he gh
cie al acce a ce, b fi
b ai ed,
e a h . Th
he de i e f
le
he e he i
i e
f
e
al
64
S
Ca a
A Ma D
Determinism in I m A Mad Dog Biting Myself for Sympathy Alex Korfhage
65
a l eal
f
c
h
i
he 20 h ce
, lea
he la ge
cale, Ei
ic . O
adic i
i Ne
ia
h
ic . O
, h
f
f
he g ea e
P i ci le, ab a
hich l
he
e le
ih e
he e
ble
a
ed b
ae
ha
he e a e dd
he i e, ha if all i i ial c
di i
h
ic , b
ld
he idea
e a i ed i I
ake e fec
ca
e e k
f fa e a d de e
i i g i ce he G eek did
a Mad D g Bi i g M
elf f
he
a a
he f ce f fa e a d he
a d h
e e
a c
di i
e
i g f
e a d e i
ld. The a e deci i
. 66
c
like
ble
e ca
idel -held a
.O e
e
e e k g cie
del a
e
a
e hi g e
i
had bee
Re . The
i e E d ich, dee l i gh he j
i
ed
edic abili
h , h h
hich
k like Oedi
a h ,b L
he idea f fa e i belief i
de
S
hical
a d he
i i
ici
echa ic . Wi h
hil
e hi g
.T
fi ed he
k f h
a
he
he Hei e be g U ce ai
i h he belief,
edic i
ade i
f Rela i i
field f
had
el
e e bei g
all cale, he
ici
i e e. Thi ec
d
The
he e
a a
e fec ,
ei
he
B h , Sch di ge , a d Pla ck b il hi ad a ce e
a d b
a
e iga e
ii
f he
e f he a a i e a a e ie he i he e
a d
e
f
f he
The b
belief i
e ed. B
a a
h
i
e i
e hi g
hi g e
cc
cc
h
i g i
hi g ha
de e
e
beca
a i e f e e
gi lf ie d. The k
The a a i e
a
de
,
cc i
e
a d
e
beca
g
ih l
ha
dled i i h a di g f ac i
, he
ill belie e
hich i
e
ha
he bab
hi g i belie e
e
b
li i g
a d
gh he
a a
i
he he a
e, b
a a
he a
he
e e
f a e ie
ld ha e,
le ha
h
e
lif a
elf. [ ca , j
a d f hi
ha e e
d e
he
cc
ai de
. The
- aki g he
ih ha
hei 67
a a a
a a
, if d -d h
elf
alki g
cc
, (1).
lif j
i cha ed
f l ck, g
lea e hei ca
i g
k
i g ab
he bab . Beca
he
he
he
ee
a ail ad
bad i
a
f
ce , a , Y
fi d e
. The
e e
d
e
, a he
be la e f
]B
ke
ai ha
hi ca
f he
ha ha a dl decide
hi , [hi ] a
a d e ceedi gl
ca a a Ch i
ee if hi ha
e he a a
a d
he a
, de c ibi g he deci i
eal he
f ee i gl
e bad deci i
le la e f
a a g
c
h
ed a a e ie
ffed
. D -d
, (2). A c
ha
h
hi g ab
he e, acc di g
ide. The
hi belief
f he
ha i
ab
a a
e e ih a
hi ha
he a
al a
f he a , he
i g I did igh , (4). N
ha i did. Whe
i gi g f
he d if
e e
, a d e e
f, a he call i , habi . Th
c
i h he a a
hi k
h
f
fa e.
a hi
a d
a bli a d a a e
h
he
ai
ei e a i g a dee e belief ha
e
The a a i e i likel
i?P
a
a
i i ic la g age, he a
e e
he
i
he
h I ll be i
gh
e ce f h
ake [ he bab ] al
he
he
e
e
a ,a d
i g h
l
. He f
lif i g
ed i
if
hi g i
die i
ha he did igh , he i
e e
ha
a d ac i
i
ha I al a
a habi al c
ell i li ed, did
a i g f e e
hi g d
al
f
e i g a a c
h I did
ha a bab
f habi . The a a
a clea
ha
e e
jacke , a d I a , he fac
e
e e
c
ci
he habi
ha he belie e
The a k
e e
i j
i g e e
e dai ed b
ha
fa e a a f
l , (E d ich 1). Thi
a a
ha
belie e i
a i g, Wh I a
he e he
a a
elli g, i h a bab
ee ; beca
ai a d he ef e ca ele ; beca
e he ea e he
ca he
eal j
ha
he ef e
e
ha e a bab i i , he a a i e ca
ceed f
a a bi a
he da he a bi a il decide a
d a e ie
f a d
The j
a
f he hi
h
i
h
i
a ha
i . The a he
a a
h
a ai e i c
e
a d
i g
fh
eali e he i likel
he e ie
h
he
la e
hi
a
e. A
e i ed
hi k ab c i g. I
, (3). The
f c i cide ce al
ba ed a
a d
a i e
ai
a a
l i a el
ed
e
ff,
h
c
e
lace: The bab d
ld i . I ha e
h
e
belief i fa e a d he ee i g a d ha
he e, h
ha a bi a il ha
ca . The a a i e i
h Dak a, he a a
hi
f cha ce
.
f he a a
ha e led hi eali e e ac l
e
he i he e
gh N
eal a
de el
ii
e ie
g e . The
ha
h
ld
ha e bee
a a
, i
hi
ha led hi
de d. H
he e e
e,
hi e ac
a di g he a d
e e , i
edia el
e
af e
he
e , he hi k ,
The e i e i hi ki g back, i a i g elf, ell h ld ha e le he da bi d i he fi lace, beca e I did d ha a d he , ell a ee, i i like I e al g i h he a a ge e f hi g a he ha e ed. (3) The
a a
, e e
h
gh hi e ce i
hi belief ha he i j al
g
i h hi ci c
de i he
ha
a ce . Th
he eade
de l i g a d
[g i g al
g]
f hi g i he a a f
g i g
ffe i g c
di i
hi e
f he h be ab
i h he fl
a k c f he
i
he
gh hi j
i h he a a ge e a bi a
a
likel de a
e ie
he
c
ii
di i
f hi g a d. The a
h ,b
ld, a d he h
be h
. 68
ee
. E e
he ha
a d he l dic
adi i c i ld, he a
a
f e e
f he
ee a a i c ea i gl cha ic e
f fa e i ba ed a d
la i g a
all
h
ai
ai
ld, a d j he
a a
ld
he a
if he
g i g belief i
h
e eal
a a
i j
e ed , he a a ge e i g hi c
e
f he fl
ld i f
da e
fa e
,
a h
he ba ic a d
a
, h all
be
ee
ha a a d
a
le el a d
e
f he h
. B he a
The a c
di i
h
e eal
h
gh
a a i e a d he h
ici
a
,
he
e , al
e
e i e
i
a c
de l i g a d
a
a a
belief i fa e a a f
li g
ca e
ih a
ealed b
l i
he
de
ae h
U ce ai dead a beca he f
da e
al
a d
ea i gf l. If
ch ice all g f ll
ld be d
i g
he e ca be
he
e
f
c
he
e hi g ab l e li ed i
a
la . Ra d
ce i
fg
di
hi
h
e he fi
69
d e gh
gh laced
ha
e
a ab
ld
be ali e a d
d. I
ch he a e
g. Thi h
ld d c
ld ie
b ha
d, beca
ig
ake e e
lled b ld
e
e ih
hi g
he a ,
ibl be c e
dead;
he U ce ai
e dai ed a d e e lace.
e i e
be ei he ali e
cha ce, b
i g
e
f Hei e be g
ld led b fa e a d c ld be
k
e i e
hi g
ec
a ca i
a ifica i
i e e. A
ea i gle . N hi g a
h
hich ha a 50 e ce
, de i ed
el
a e
ell-k
Sch di ge , c
did
f he
ealed, he ca i b h dead a d
gh
he
bad, a all ac i e
f he e
h
e i e
e i e
la ed
a a
he a
gh e
i
e e
a
f habi . Ea l 20 h ce a fai l
P i ci le
a ali e, he a a
P i ci le, he e a e e
h
ld a d he h
a bi a
ha
f
he U ce ai
a , acc di g
e he bab
l
e e. A ca , acc di g
he a e i e,
a , he bab
he
e
he b
i e. Sch di ge
P i ci le
ci
he h
e e , he e
idic l
ee i gl
i
de g e a g a
f he
e i
Ca . I
b e ed. A l
a e
he
. Tha
a d
cha ce f killi g he ca ; h ali e a
ee
i h he a e
a Sch di ge
le el
il he e
be
e
he c
g a
k
he
ide ed ld j
a d
be e