Molly Robinson Portfolio

School of Architecture Planning and Landscape

‘House of Memories’

180272554

Molly Robinson

Newcastle University

Academic Portfolio New Work

Year: 2020-2021

Illustrated Reflective Diary

New Work

Refer to appendix

4

6 34 Framing

Case Study

Thinking Through Making

Synthesis

Bibliography

Appendix

45 71 79 Testing

133 145149 Cultural Bibliography

Contents

Year Reflections Designing for dementia has challenged my original perceptions of what design is and ought to be. Before joining the studio ‘House of Memories’, I was under the impression that for a design to be successful, it must act as an umbrella- covering a broad span of different peoples needs and wants.

However, on reflection, this resulted in a design that did not successfully target any single specific user and instead resulted in designs embedded within my perceptions of what I believed a good design must be. I was designing with little knowledge of the intended users and under the impression that everyone wants the same as myself- a well-bodied 21-year-old. Consequently, I was prescribing what I believe people need and want, not what the specific users intended to interact with my design want. As a result, my designs unintentionally disregarded those not represented within the ‘majority’, such as people living with dementia.

to the macro scale and broader site. For instance, we developed a user-centric ‘dementia pod’ which looked at the importance of materiality and the essential views the user can see from their bed. This allowed the testing and synthesis stage to develop from this, and I designed my initial massing based on the requirements of 16 of these user-centric pods. I really enjoyed designing from the ‘inside out’, as this is an approach I have been unfamiliar with throughout my time at Newcastle University. It meant that I could easily focus on the intended user and project brief. In contrast, previously, I was used to designing a more generic massing model and ‘fitting’ the user requirements within.

Other activities have also influenced my design.

I found Thinking Through Making a great ‘break’ from my design. I modelled a small version of a sensory wall that could be replicated and hung around the building. Taking time to focus on a 1:1 scale version redirected my design back to a more sensory and human approach that was becoming lost while designing at a more macro scale.

Theory into Practice further helped to clarify my design ‘ethos’ that “’form must follow function’ but must first begin with in-depth knowledge and research on the intended user.” It allowed time for reflection on my perceptions of what I believed a dementia facility ought to be and to acknowledge that this is limited to my cultural background, age and gender. Even now, I recognise I am not an expert on dementia design and my design is still dictated by my personal preferences.

Professional Practice further helped me understand a designer ’s moral obligations regarding climate change and ethical issues.

For instance, while I was developing the tree structures within my design, I took part in the professional practice module. By engaging with these, both simultaneously meant that I designed

To achieve this level of understanding and selfreflection, we began the framing stage, designing from the micro-scale and then working outwards

Now more than ever, healthcare design, specifically healthcare facilities for the UK’s ageing population, is more critical than ever. I am thankful to have learned about the importance of a sensitive design in aiding health and think all schools of architecture should consider this in their teaching. I am grateful that the project has encouraged me to design with more empathy and consideration about whom I am designing for, putting away my ego and achieving what I believe would benefit the end-user the best.

Moreover, this design project reflects a year of hard work in answering: How to design from a user-centric approach successfully? Thus, this approach is something I am most proud of having developed throughout my time at Newcastle University, and I hope to continue developing designing sensitively and in response to the user and communities’ needs as opposed to my ego.

Figure 1 - Screenshots taken from lectures during framing session.

(Richardson, 2020)

Figure 2 - Screenshots taken from lectures during framing session. (Richardson, 2020)

Figure 3- Screenshots taken from lectures during framing session.

(Utton, 2020)

Figure 4 - Screenshots taken from lectures during framing session.

(Palmer, 2020)

Testing

Synthesis

Synthesis is a product of all Framing, Testing and the other modules throughout the year.

May 2021

Moreover, engaging in a reflective and researchbased approach to design has broadened my understanding of a designer ’s moral responsibility, particularly regarding the impact they have on a users well-being. For example, I may find an all CLT interior aesthetically pleasing; however, it would be morally wrong and irresponsible to design a space with the same materiality and colour if the design is intended to be inhabited by a user group, such as the elderly. It is likely that this intended user ground will have impaired vision and would therefore find it difficult to distinguish between the floors and walls, thus meaning the design has the potential to distress its inhabitants. Moreover, engaging with these modules, alongside being lucky enough to learn software such as Velux, has meant that my project has become more grounded and a ‘real’ response to the site.

Research, research, reseach...

House of Memories has encouraged me to design outside of my comfort zone for a user that, before this year, I was uneducated in. My final design has been achieved primarily through thorough research including, lectures, readings and other detailed studies such as ENVIMET simulations throughout the three different stages: Framing, Testing and Synthesis. Beginning with little knowledge at the start of Framing, Semester One was predominantly research-based, involving lots of note-taking and diagramming. Moreover, starting a project with a written design ‘manifesto’ is something that I found highly beneficial. It provided something I could continuously revisit throughout the year and use to critique my design and reflect whether it responded to my initial aims. Thus, this is something I plan to take forward throughout any future design projects I take part in.

a structure that responded to lifecycle costs and recycling rather than only aesthetics, something which further developed in the technology module.

Figure 6- Image taken from ARC3013

In testing our studio was lucky enough to be able to realistically test our designs through software such as envimet and velux. This meant that we could apply our readings and newly gained knowledge to a more ‘real life’ example. For instance looking at illuminance levels and how this impacts a person with dementia.

Other modules and design

Framing

October 2020

Throughout framing we spent time doing thorough research on dementia as a whole, particularly focusing on the more basic design approaches such as how using contrasting materials and colours to help patients easily navigate spaces.

After testing we had some time to reflect on what we had learnt.

Our studio spent a lot of time using simulation software. Both Arc3013 and Arc were really benefial at this point in helping to come up with solutions to my design. As seen above the technology module helped me decide on differnet type of shadng devices, is this case seasonal planting on the balcony.

Illustrated Reflective Diary

Figure 5- Image used in ARC3015

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Figure 7- Image taken from Miro, House of Memories group work, Framing.

Framing in Semester One focused on gaining a broad understanding of the realities someone faces when living with dementia. We did this by attending a series of lectures from guest speakers such as Dr Jonathan Richardson, Damian Utton and Lesley Palmer. Particularly successful included a virtual tour around Rocker and Mobway where we were shown ‘in person’ successful design examples and were able to engage with the realities of dementia. The research helped the project become grounded from the start and understand the real issues with dementia care facilities within the UK.

Figure 7 - Image taken from House of Memories Framing presentation , demonstrating the teamwork throughout the semester. (House of Memores Semester 1, 2020)

Olum fugiam as arias di doluptiorat aut eribea nullam et unt dit, si ad moluptur? Qui totatib earchil litati beari ipsust oditaer orporis di berferi orrovidelia quias moluptum et quod qui ullis re autat acestiu mquatem quo voloreprori sin repratume cum eicab iume plabore pelendendunt ullorem estibus ducid eosam dolor re voluptatem quis volest plationsequi omnis dolenimin culparum re cor magnatusam faceati isciur sus quam doluptati rersped untibusandio voluptat faceaquis praero quid enitae lique quaeribus et lat exped quia volore volorrum excesto tatus, cum into ipsus con reperibusam ipient volore nonecea sit lit omnimporem nobitiis esti

Our first project involved designing a dementia pod - a space where residents sleep and relax.

The intentions of this were to provide a usercentric space designed to provide care to the users. Material choices, bed placement and the views from the bed were crucial in designing this space while also ensuring that it does not overly stimulate the user. We were also asked to create a sensory wall that could entice the user ’s senses and engage their brain. In response, I created a herbal wall that would act as a healing wall that could be touched and smelt. The main herb chosen is lavender, as it reduces stress, and there is research suggesting that it reduces agitation in people with dementia.

Throughout this time, we also looked into site analysis which informed my designs manifesto. I identified a lack of spaces for the elderly to meet up and socialise; everything is based on physical care, and nothing responds to the elderlies social needs. As a response, my design became centred around a ‘centre for the ageing’ where elderly people in the local area can socialise and have fun.

We also did a series of group work during this stage, including various group research tasks and a group case study. I feel the amount of group learning we did throughout the semester was really beneficial for learning and getting to know each other, despite being more challenging due to ongoing restrictions. The success of our studio with teamwork (as seen in the image on the right) demonstrates our studio ethos and teamwork, which has been continuous throughout the year, making the year enjoyable, despite not being together in person.

Framing

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New Work

An Introduction to House of Memories Studio themes and line of inquiry

“Live in the moment I tell myself, its all I really can do - live in the moment.”

- Still Alice (Genova, 2014) We began our study of dementia design by looking at ‘real people’ examples of dementia patients in order to gain an emotional understanding of the disease and how it affects people day to day.

During this time I read stories of real people living with dementia and what their social needs are as well as physical and health requirements. I also spent time trying to understand how I felt when I was dealing with my own family members living with dementia and how design can influence a visitors experience visiting family or friends with dementia. Thus both the users experience as well as the visitors experience became key in shaping my design process.

Fictional readings and films such as Still Alice also became very influential in shaping my design,particularly the film Still Alice. In the story she does a ‘speech’ on what it is like living with dementia. Specifically the speech’ she says “Live in the moment I tell myself, its all I really can do - live in the moment.” (Genova, 2014) And this is something which I have tried to continuously remind myself when designing, that every space in my design has the potential to continuously be a ‘new’ space and therefore ‘new’ experience to a resident in the centre and therefore each space in my design has to respond to this. It must be easy to navigate, promote positive memories/feelings and not confuse patients. It must be simple.

Moreover I spent the rest of framing researching the technicalities of the disease and how to make life as easy for the residents as possible. I learnt that the disease impacts sight, mobility and mental health.

Thus simple things such as colour and senses play a big part in our design and over stimulation can be detrimental to patients.

Figure 11 - Front cover of the book Still Alice. (Genova, 2014)

Figure 8 - Front Cover of the World Alzheimer Report 2020.

(Fleming, Zeisel and Bennett, 2020)

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Figure 9 - Front Cover of a report on ‘Old People’s Housing Guidance’ (Older People’s Housing Design Guidance, 2015)

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Figure 10 - Front Cover of the report ‘Design for Dementia’ (Halsall and MacDonald, 2019)

New Work

Studio Framework Research

Diagrams exploring the main areas of research within our studio.

In order to design a suitable facility for dementia it was critical for our studio to undertake research.

This is so that we can understand the man symptoms of dementia and the many different ways this can affect people. Due to the fact that there is currently no cure for dementia, it is vital to do everything possible to reduce the symptoms which can be achieved through the designing of their living spaces, with assistive technology, alongside material and colour choices and spaces that are easy to navigate all help to reduce agitation.

By immersing ourselves within this research on dementia from the start meant that my design was based on the understandings of dementia and as a result the designs are well informed and are constantly trying to provide a maximum level of care.

Studio Framework

Government reports

Precedents

Environmental Studies

Virtual trips to facilities

Research, research, research...

Reserach

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Photograph of a very full notebook from the notes made from the lectures, reports and case studies throughout the year.

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New Work

An Introduction To House Of Memories Studio themes and line of inquiry The image on the right demonstrates what i believe are the key concepts to be aware of when desinging for dementia and is an important diagram that I have refered back to throughout the year.

Our studio has spent time outlining the main aims of our desgin in order to avoid the facility becoming an institutional design which replicates the ‘normal’ ways of designing for dementia. For instance one of these themes are designing so that the patients feel dignified. This means that patients do not feel entrapped and locked in, instead they have freedom.

As well as our studio aims, my project aims to address the residents social wellbeing as well as their physical and mental wellbeing.

By focusing on these themes throghout the design means that the design will not mimic a hospital-like institutional space.

Domestic scale

Easy to orientate

Connections to community

Visible and connections to outside spaces that connections respond to sensual to nature needsMental connections with people

Simulation

Familiarity - Home away from home

Visual connections to nature

Casual social interactions

Social

Well-being

freedom

Welcoming entrance

Safe and secure

Private and breakout spaces

saftey

Physical

security

Natural daylight with shading

Studio aims

Connection with nature 12

Design with dignity for the user

Community Engagement 13

Home away from home

Better wellbeing

New Work

New Work

An Introduction To Our Site site visits

The images are photographs taking during our many trips to the site. They show the kdk we took lookidng around the site, exploring the local neighbourhoods and trying the local food.

The site is located on Westgate Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6BE next to the Campus for Aging and Vitality.

On first impression the site appeared to have a strong community feeling. There were lots of local shops such as fruit and veg, a butchers and many shops selling Indian food. However these spaces were mostly dotted around the area and there was no ‘main’ high-street that encouraged people to meet-up and socialise.

My research after visiting the site also signified that it was an area with high crime levels regarding ‘gang violence’ and stabbings. Obviously not the ideal area for such a sensitive project.

As a response my building will provide a community space where the elderly and school aged children can gather. This will help to encourage stronger community connections within the area and hopefully provide a space where children can socialise and learn and avoid gang activity. The building will also be welcoming and not hidden in order to enhance the area and encourage more visitors into the area.

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Figure 10 - Photograph of me taking a photograph on site visit. (Ashworth, 2020)

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Figure 12 - Authors own image, taken from ARC3014

Site analysis

Analysis of the different activities dependent o users.

Image to the right shows a vital piece of my site analysis in developing my narrative. IT highlights our site which is next to teh Campus for Aging and VItality in Newcastle and its surroundng context, looking in particular at the different recreational activities around the area.

Different ‘activities’

Percentages 0

Places of Worship

0.1

0.2

0.3

Education

Childcare Function/community spaces

As a response my design is to provide a central social hub for the elderly where they can socialise with friends and family, take part in activities and just generally a place that they can ‘safely congregate and have fun.

Sport Facilities

Allotments Campus for Aging and Vitality

Site

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For our studio we were asked to come up with an additional ‘activity centre’ alongside the dementia facility in order to encourage community engagement with the facility.

As a response I looked into the existing ‘activities’ for each user group in the area. My analysis highlighted a gap in the local area- there are multiple care facilities for the elderly as well as the Campus for the Aging and Vitality. However theses facilities were all focused on the physical care of elderly. There is nothing which addresses the social needs of the elderly.

Activities

Care Homes

Response

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New Work

New Work

Project declaration Response to site analysis The diagram to the left is a direct response to my site analysis and research about the benefits of ‘playing’ for people with dementia as well as the elerly.

My project is an assisted living centre for people living with dementia ranging between mild to severe symptoms. !6 residents will live within the facility for approximately 8-12 weeks however this time can vary depending on their needs and requirements.

The aim of the project is to provide care both physically and socially with the overall aim to reduce the symptoms of the person living with dementia. This can be done by creating a stress-free environment where the person has choices.

Because my aims are to provide socially, it makes sense for my intergenerational space to be focused on providing a social space for people living within the local community, particularly the elderly living nearby in homes or care centres as I have identified a lack of social space. In order to avoid this being viewed as an ‘elderly care’ home there will also be learning spaces throughout the facility for school aged children such as a children’s library and gardening spaces where the local schools can come in and learn about the benefits of gardening.

The key ideas are to provide a stress-free home for the residents which provides care socially and physically.

Facilities

Location

- Bedrooms and communal living spaces are needed for longer-term care.

- Westgate Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE.

- Dementia care centre for people with mild to severe dementia.

- Activity spaces for elderly people living in the local area to come play and socialise.

- Within close proximity to the Campus of Aging and Vitality.

- 16 Residential bedrooms

- Gardening spaces

- A space that residents can navigate easily.

- To provide a social space for elderly in the community to come and socialise and engage in activities.

- Learning spaces for both the elderly and local school kids to encourage intergenerational connections that both helps the elderly and kids.

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Function

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FIgure 13 - Image used in ARC3015

A Centre For the Aging - Main Narrative Play

Community

The site will promotes ‘adults playing’ for all the care homes and elderly residents nearby.

To avoid the centre being viewed as ‘old peoples home’ it will include cafés, a children’s library and many actives.

Wandering Path There will be a wandering path throughout to promote curiosity and a sense of freedom to roam wherever the patient wants.

Enticing Senses There will be a wandering path throughout to promote curiosity and a sense of freedom to roam wherever the patient wants.

Community Library

Cafe

Intergenerational ‘Play spaces’

Eating and ‘selling’ food spaces, to promote community and also stimulates patients senses.

Recreational green spaces

Herb Garden and Vegetable gardens to be used at cafe and ‘sold’ at the internal shops 20

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New Work

New Work

Pod Development Requirements

The diagram to the left demonstrates the typical requirements for a dementia pod facility and the elements that I have incorporated into my design in order to make it less institutional.

Requirements

My Additional Features

Minimal space to reduce agitation

Space for overnight stays

Double opening door

Access to outdoors

Bathroom facilities

Space for socialising

Understanding the main requirements of a dementia pod is critical as this is a place that will become someones home for an average of 8-12 weeks and sometimes a lot longer. As it is a space that they will spend a lot of time in I thought it was necessary to include additional features to ensure the pod fdoes not feel institutional. Such as: a sofa bed so family and friends can stay over night, access to outdoors to help reduce stress, space for visitors to socialise and a sensory space (which later became part of the balconies of the pods). As well as this I have spent a lot of time ensuring the pod design hits the minimum requirements. For instance: a space that is minimal with little clutter and built in furniture to reduce any accidents or agitation, a double opening door so that the hospital bed can be easily wheeled out, a disability friendly bathroom and a hospital bed.

User

Hospital bed

Sensory space

A series of diagrams explaining both the typical requirements and my requiremetns for designing a dementia pod.

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- The user will be the resident of the pod, so will be someone with mild-severe symptoms of dementia. This meanst that the pod needs to be designed in a user orientated way, helping to reduce the residents symptoms.

- Nurses will also be using the pod to help residents out who need care.

Number of pods

- There will be 16 pods in the facility in total. Most likely this will be split with 8 pods for males and 8 pods for females in clusters of 4 to reduce aggitation and make it easier for nurses.

- Family or close friends may also stay in the pod so spaces for a sofa bed and for social interactions should be designed in the space.

Amenities

- Amenities such as a hospital bed which can be accessed from both sides by a nurse is vital in an occasion when a resident needs extra care.

- Toilets, outside view, the entrance and some sort of seating should also be easily visible from the bed so that residents can easily navigate and understand the space.

- A double door at the entrance so that if necessary a resident can be wheeled out in their bed.

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Pod Design Development Initial Ideas

The image to the left demonstrates my final ‘draft’ of the pod design. It demonstrates how shading is used to preven over stimulation, the key views from the bed, the sensory wall and my overall thought process on how to ensure the design fits all the requirements.

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Initial pod design

My main aims of my initial pod design was to ensure that user could see all the vital views from their bed.

Final sketchbook iteration of pod design

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Design response to critical reflection of first design.

The second iteration, although an improvement, still had issues. The sofa-bed placement if in use would reduce accessibility to outside and it would end up creating a slightly odd massing in the end.

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Third iteration of pod design

My aims of my main third iteration focused on ensuring that the south-facing room was utilised and enough daylight could enter the room. The toilet space was moved as a response and built in furniture has been added to reduce accidents.

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Critical reflection of first pod design

Although this design ticked the boxes, it was more of a institutional response to the space. The bathroom placement limited the amount of light able to enter the room and the solid sensory wall also blocked out the daylight - something detrimental for a person living with dementia.

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Critical reflection of third iteration

Although the third iteration was again an improvement, the sensory wall still blocked parts of daylight and there was no space for a sofa bed for overnight stays. The final image on the right page is of my final ‘draft’ iteration.

Relationship between the pods and its initial context The image to the right shows the entrance to the pods. It shows the use of seating and nature to mimic an entrance to a ‘real’ home and to also create places for socialising and rest. The watercolour also shows how memory boxes will be fitted within the wall to trigger a residents memory that it is their room. The different colour door entrances also help differentiate between the rooms and give a sense of identity. The drawing to the right demonstrates my thought process for the organisation of the pods and the relationship between themselves and the exterior and inerior spaces.

Watercolour drawing of the entrance to the pods.

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New Work

New Work

Pod Design Development

Sensory Wall

Exploring the relationship between a herb wall and wellbeing The drawing bellow is of the pod balcony and shows the placement of the sensory wall which is a herbal wall. Both images explore how a sensory wall can be used and interacted throughout the faciility.

A herb wall has been chosen as it helps reduce stress by using healing plants such as lavender which are proven to have relaxation qualities, while there is also some vidence that herbs help to reduce agitation in dementia patients. The herb ginkgo biloba is particularly beneficial, however this may cause upset stomachs if consuemed in large amounts so has been placed at the top of herb walls to avoid this happening.

Inital balcony design of the pods

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FIgure 14 - Image used in ARC3015

Final Pod Design

Vital site lines from the bed 1

Olum fugiamView as arias doluptiorat todithe sofa aut eribea nullam et unt dit, si ad moluptur? Qui totatib earchil litati beari ipsust oditaer orporis di berferi orrovidelia quias moluptum et quod qui ullis re autat View acestiuto mquatem quo voloreprori sin repratume the door cum eicab iume plabore pelendendunt ullorem estibus ducid eosam dolor re voluptatem quis volest plationsequi omnis dolenimin culparum cor magnatusam faceati isciur sus View tore the toilet quam doluptati rersped untibusandio voluptat faceaquis praero quid enitae lique quaeribus et lat exped quia volore volorrum excesto cum into ipsus con reperibusam ipient Viewtatus, to outside volore nonecea sit lit omnimporem nobitiis esti

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Final pod design

Axonometric and section views showing colour and materiality Both images show my final pod design. The colours and materiality of the pods have been chosen to help the resident easily navigate the space. Each toilet door in the facility will be yellow to act as a visual reminder for the patient to go to the toilet. The bright colours are used so that objects caa be easily identified such as the disabled toilet hand rail is dark blue. The wardrobe is also built in to prevent any injuries, but the table and chairs have been chosen as moveable in order to have a more homely feell and to avoid the design looking institutional.

THis also means that residents can bring in their own furniture (if deemed safe and not at their own saftey risk) so that the space is more familiar.

Figure 15 - Final 3D axonometric of pod design (Image used in ARC3015_

Final section of pod design.

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Scale 1:50

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Refer to appendix

For the case study our group chose to pick a Maggie Centre. Although this was not a dementia facility and has different requirements we felt that studying it would help us to understand the importance of designing with a sensitive approach and how this can make a person think and feel. By engaging with this Case study it highlighted how using natural materials such as timber and nature such as a green roof system not only benefits the environment but helps to improve a persons well-being. The case study was also hugely beneficial as it was based in Newcastle so we could better understand design decisions based on the climate and later this is something I tried to incorporate into my design. (see the appendix for the full group case study - only my part that I found influencial to my design is shown)

Figure 16 - Image of the entrance of Newcastle Maggie Cetnre (cullinanstudio, n.d.)

Case Study: Maggie Centre Newcastle

Environmental Studies

The buildings response to its environment

Shape and Orientation

Wind Stepping Effect

Shading

Continuously rising objects/building heights divert wind over the top of the courtyard, meaning that it is more sheltered.

The building sites within landscaped banks under a planted roof which helps to shelter the entrances and courtyard from windy conditions as well as maximises passive solar heating.

Natural Ventilation

Evaporation on Green

Cross ventilation occurs when there i spressure differences from one side of the building and other, in this case the wind comes in from the south west and brought out on the lower presssured sides.

It is effectivve for this building as it is quite narrow.

Plants regulate their temperature by controlling the amount of water evaporating from their leaves. The effects cool down the ambient air.

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The building responds to the forces of sun and time. Its L shape orientation ensures daylight can enter the building and the angled roof ensures day light can enter the building.

The roof incorporates solar panels and is angled ensures in a way that maximum sunlight will hit the panels and transform it into energy.

Thermal Massing The building has concrete walls, roof and floor. Concrete is a good material for high thermal mass as it absorb unwanted heat during the day and then release it at night with the help of ventilation from cool night air which helps This means that the there is little fluctuations in temperature.

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Green Roof System Environmental benefits

Convection heat transfer with ambient air

Mass heat transfer (evaporation)

Solar radiation heat addition

Reflected solar radiation

Long-wave radiation heat transfer to sky/ atmosphere

Head absorbed or released by high mass layers Conduction heat transfer through roof system Green roofs are a system that greatly improves the function of conventional insulation material, reducing demands for heating whilst maintaining a constant and comfortable temperature throughout the seasons.

The vegetation layer creates a passive layer of air immediately above the roof surface. Without a green roof, wind (hot or cold)blows across the roof surface to either heat or chill it through the process of convection.

The vegetation means that 1) heating or cooling equipment does not have to respond to the ‘peak’ loads at mid-day or mid-night, and 2) the overall heat transferred through the roof is reduced.

Heat generated indoors by bodies, lights etc.

The benefits associated with shading, reduction in wind-related losses, and are the most important. For this reason, it is impossible to regard green roofs as equivalent to conventional insulation materials. It is much more useful to think of green roofs as systems that greatly improve the function of conventional insulation materials.

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Climate change in the UK What more can be done?

Figure 17 - Diagram above demonstrating the global rising temperature between 1850-2019. (Hawkins, 2019)

Rainier Winters

1

Similar to the rest of the UK, climate change will affect Newcastle’s weather, by making it warmer and wetter. But it will be affected more prominently by the increase of rain and certain areas will be more prone to flooding.

2 Rainwater will then be filtered as it

Rain falls onto roof, any falling on the building could be attenuated onto the flat roof.

leaves the roof and will be distributed to tanks in bathrooms.

Co

ld

W ar m

er

er

er

Cold

er

m War

Hotter Summers 3 Whilst it lasts the rainwater is used to

4 When

harvested rainwater is depleted, the tank automatically reverts to mains water until the next storm.

flush toilets.

Maggie Centres and Climate Change Maggie Centres such as Ted Cullinan’s in Newcastle, are generally environmentally conscious buildings which fit into their surrounding areas but there are many other things which could be implemented into their designs to make the buildings more environmentally friendly. Dementia care facilities can learn lots from Maggie centres and the environmentally conscious decisions they make with their designs, yet it can be acknowledged that unlike Maggie Centres which have a lot of funding Dementia Facilities are generally NHS buildings with smaller budgets so it would be difficult, but even aspects like green roofs and water systems into roofing.

Diagram desnonstrating possible envioronmental changes the existing building could adapt.

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Testing

Main entrance and ramp

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Foyer and draft lobby

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Reception

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Residential clusers (pods, living space, tv room)

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Meeting space for dementia village and centre

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Dementia village bungalows

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Allotment space

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Residential Gardens

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Staff space - clean sheets, dirty sheets etc.

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Residential kitchen

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Kitchen

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Interior garden

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Staff room

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Services drop off and car park

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Bins/plant room and boiler

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Staff conference room

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Shop front space - hairdressers, shop and laundrette

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Intergenerational space - (dementia centre)

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Entrance to inergenerational, public toilets and stairs to more space.

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Private relaxing spaces/ family meeting spaces

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Cafe and kitchen

tin s e T

Ambulance drop off

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Later on in this stage, after Thinking Through Making (where I made a sensory herbal wall), I developed my ideas on using natural elements such as plants for shading and designing a structure that mimicked nature.

This improved my design as it meant that using nature to improve mental wellbeing was not purely an aesthetic idea and became integrated with environmental responses and the building’s structure. We also engaged in the Theory Into Practice Module throughout this stage, which was a helpful reminder to reflect on my morals in architecture and the importance of designing user-centrically rather than allowing my ego to take over the design.

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SCALE 1:200

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n i t s

The focus of the testing phase was to take the pod design and use them to help determine the buildings massing. During this time, environmental studies and site analysis looking at light, shadows and materiality became important in the iterative process. Software such as ENVIMET became crucial during this stage to test our design, in reality, looking at prevailing wind speeds.

This helped the iterative process in determining where it would be best to position spaces such as entrances.

Shadow studies also became very important for the pod design to ensure they were south facing and had shading to avoid overstimulation during the summer months. I became more confident in software throughout this stage and learned how to use it best for the iterative process.

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Initial programme ideas

Public vs private spaces and noise considerations Most Important

The diagram on the previous page demonstrates my initial ideas regarding placement of different spaces throughout the facility. With spaces such as the pod requiring the most privacy and quiiet as opposed to spaces such as the reception and cafe which need to be the least private and do not require as much silence. The diagram bellow demonstrates the different users of each space and how some of these boundaries are sometimes blured depending on the use of the space throughout the day,

Privacy

Noise Pods

Pods Consultant spaces

Residential gardens

Residential gardens

Living spaces Family spaces

Staff Spaces

Consultant spaces

Family spaces Residential Shop + Laundrette

Living Spaces

Staff Spaces

Staff and Public Staff and Dementia Patients All

Gardens Community Centre

Gardens Community Centre

Cafe Figure 18 - Diagram showing public vs private spaces, used in ARC3014

Cafe

Reception Residential Shop + Laundrette

Reception

Least Important Diagram showing the mosit and least importance spaces regarding requireing quiet and privacy

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Iterations through plan Sketching

My main iteration process is generally iteration through plans and sections ontop of lots of layout paper. The image on the previous page demonstrates a handful of my iteration sketches throughout the year and the critical part they have played in contributing towards my final design outputs.

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Massing Developments

Responses to noise and privacy needs N

The drawings show my thought process on how to create a space that responds to the safety requirements of the dementia facility while still trying to create a space that encourages social interactons with both the neighbourhood and dementia village.

First Massing Concept Pods are too close to public aspect - lack of privacy, security and potentially lots of noise N

Second Massing Concept Pods have little connection with each other and the trees could block too much natural light.

Separation between pods and community space limits social interactions and intergenerational activities.

First Massing Concept

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Comination of First and Second Massing Concepts Barriers such as hedges and gates have been added to all entrances to control who is entering and leaving. The reception adn entrance to the cafe has also been joined to prevent unwanted members of the public wandering from the cafe into residential gardens.

Second Massing Concept

Combined Massing Concept

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Massing Developments

Responses to noise and privacy needs

The images are taken from a larger series of the iterative process.

I spent a long time drawing to scale the different spaces the facility requires and rearranging these over a map. This was hugely beneficial as it allowed me to easily arrange spaces without having to continue drawing out separate versions of plans.

Residential Area will be double height to shelter from wind and noise.

The Community Centre and Cafe are both facing public street to attract passers by.

Also it will create views of surrounding area, so the living spaces are not isolated from community.

Garden

Residential Area 780sqm

Close proximety to road and staff spaces.

Private Entrance 50sqm

Carpark

The colour coding (purple=private, blue=semi private, green = public) were used to be able to easily see how spaces can be arranged to prevent public spaces such as the cafe blurring into private spaces. They demonstrate my inital responses to the buildngs massing regarding puiblci vs private and how I can best integrate the building withn the community while ensureing that the residential areas are secure and safe.

Community Centre 365sqm Outdoor spaces to create a central hub for all activites.

Courtyard Public entrance 90sqm

Close to pods to indirectly monitor patients

Public Open public garden garden at the front to create connections with community.

Staff Spaces 130sqm

Figure 19 - Image showing looking at different massing layouts, image used in ARC3013

Finalised design idea during framing that all pods should be orientated in that way that opens up and reflects the sun path in order to maximise sunlight entering the pod. The shape equally encourages social interactions with the pod exteriors all inwards facing.

Cafe 150sqm Shops 50sqm Carpark

Controlled ‘street’ to create connections between Dementia Village and Wards.

Bubble diagram showing intial massing ideas based on privacy and noise requirements

Private Entrance to dementia village

Semi public

Image showing looking at different massing layouts

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New Work

New Work

Daylight Studies Using Velux Massing Iteration Through Bubble Diagrams Orientation: South-facing Sky conditions: Overcast

Orientation: North-facing Sky conditions: Overcast

21st March 12pm

21st March 12pm

The images to the left are Velux daylight simulations showing the lux levels of the dementia pod, looking in particular at the bed. Both the north facing and south facing pods lux levels are bellow the desirable levels which is detrimental for a person living with dementia. This is due to the placement of the pods in the earlier massing studies as the buildings in front which were intended to be double story overshadow the pods. As a response I have revisited my original bubble diagram and changed the placement of the pods to maximise the daylight entering the space.

Plant Room 400sqm

Staff Spaces 275sqm

Shops 150sqm

Service Entrance Carpark

21st June 12pm

21st June 12pm

Bubble diagram showing site constraints

Public

Private

Cafe 150sqm

Main Entrance 150sqm Main entrance, cafe and intergenerational spaces are all placed on the public front to encourage connections with community Entrance to dementia village

Semi public

Figure 20 - Final iteration of bubble massing diagrams, used in ARC3014.

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Residential Area 780sqm

Staff spaces are close to residential clusters to indirectly monitor residents.

Pods are south facing with no building overshadowing them

noise pollution

21st December 12pm

Staff Spaces 200sqm

noise pollution

21st September12pm

21st December 12pm

Staff Spaces All main 200sqm spaces surround the winter garden

Car park is close proximity to road and staff spaces noise pollution

21st September12pm

Winter Garden

intergenerational spaces 365sqm

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New Work

Environmental Studies Wind and daylight analysis Follwing Velux simulations, I re-developed my plans (seen on the image bellow). The new design shows the pods circulated around a courtyard and faced eachother to encourage social interactions between residents. Following these plans both an ENVIMET analysis and daylight shadow study was taken to test the new conditions.

The results are demonstrated in the images on the previous page and to the right. Both demonstrate issues regarding wind levels and both courtyard spaces are overshadowed with little daylight entering which would create uncomfortable environments for residents.

ENVIMET Wind Simulations Eastern Sun (morning)

Summer Solstice Wind Speed

Wind Speed Wind Direction

Objects Winter Solstice Wind Speed

It also demonstrated that the air in the interior courtyard was stagnet which can cause health problems.

As a response I have redesinged the pod layout so that a wind tunnel is not created and wind levels are comfortable. The interior courtyard has also been redesigned as a winter garden space which uses both natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation. This is also a beneficial design change as it means that environmental factors such as rain (Newcastle rains 1/3 of the year) do not prohibit the space being used as the elderly are prone to accidents during wet weather.

x/y cut at k=0 (k=2m)

Buildings Vegetation

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Southern Sun (mid-day to afternoon)

The ENVIMET simulations identified a wind tunnel between the dementia village and the courtyard which is not ideal as this is somewhere intended to be a comfortable space where the elderly can sit, relax and go for walks.

Figure 21 - Second plan iteration as a response to daylight and wind studies, image used in ARC3014

First ‘finalised’ plan

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Western sun (evenings)

New Work

New Work

Form Development

Courtyard and dementia pod layout iterations

Drawings showng iteration through plan regarding the ‘wandering path’ and pod layout.

The section drawings above demonstrate my differnet responses regarding the courtyard size and how to avoid overshadowing.

The fourth plan was my final draft plan iteration. It was the final outcome as it: 1. Walk way with curtain wall to have views of outside. Also means that all circulation is visible to staff from all angles. Patients can be unconsciously monitored. It also encourages the wandering path.

2. Reception set in from cafe and community centre to act as an opening and encourage public.

3. 4 pods with removable doors, so that depending on gender ratios there could be 10 female pods or split evenly etc.

4. All pods face the south to maximise amount of daylight entering site. They also all face each other to encourage social interactions with patients within their private garden spaces.

The three different sections demonstrate the three different sizes I looked at for the winter garden/courtyard size. Regarding daylight and overshadowing the courtyard which was 12.5m wide was the best option.

However I didn’t like that residents would have to go outside to access the cafe and reception spaces as this would not be desirable during cold or rainy weather, it also created health and safety issues. This verified my earlier Velux studies which suggested a winter garden would be more beneficial.

On reflection the plan was too sprawled out and did not work and this is something I have responded to throughout the rest of testing.

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Figures 22 - All images used in ARC3013

Dementia Pod Daylight Study Southern shading on dementia pod As a response to the previous issues with the plans. A daylight study looking in particular at the different possible layouts of the south-facing pods and how to avoid overshadowing. As demonstrated in the study to the left the ‘jiggery’ layout both inwards and outwards facing created overshadowing in spaces where the windows of the dementia pods are placed. Following this study the image to the right ‘Final pod layout’ was chosen to avoid overshadowing. Each pod is alternating by 500mm to create privacy when the resident leaves their room but also small enough so that if the event came where a resident fell they could be easily identified and helped.

Summer solstice - pods facing inwards

Winter solstice - pods facing inwards

Zoomed in view showing shading

Summer solstice - - pods facing outwards

Winter solstice - pods facing outwards

Zoomed in view showing shading

Final pod layout to reduce shading

3 differnet massing options for pods (tested in the daylight study to the left))

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Daylight studies

The daylight massing study shows the shading throughout the year on my building. It shows how throughout the year the winter garden is not overshadowed and daylight will enter it, besides winter solstice where regardless of massing it will always be overshadowed at this time. The images bellow demonstrate the developing of my facade and interior layout.

March 2020 12pm

Axonometric showing the internal layout of the facility so far.

Summer solstice 2020 12pm

Image showing the development of the massing of the southern facing facade.

September 2020 12pm

September 2020 12pm

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New Work

Final Testing Review Massing

Final Testing Ground Floor Plan

Final Testing First Floor Plan

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1 Communal space with seating and private spaces 2 Private spaces - either for ‘sensory retreat’ or study spaces/ relaxation.

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SCALE 1:200

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Staff conference room

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Interior shopping street - hairdressers llaundrette etc

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Dementia village bungalows

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Green roof with seating and gardening spaces

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Initial Facade Ideas

Using seasonal plants for shading The drawing to the left demonstrates seasonal plants being used for shading on the facade of the building. It shows how this not only prevent residents from being over simulated by southern daylight but also that it means the facade is interactive and esidents can engage with and care for. This is beneficial as gardening has been proven to reduce stress and agitation in people with dementia.

Figures 24- Sketches demonstrating the different ways plants can be used for shading. (Images used in ARC3013)

Figures 23- Drawing showing seasonal plants being used as a shading device. (Images used in ARC3013)

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New Work

Initial Facade Ideas Shadow study

The images on the previous page show part of a photography study of trying to understand what a person with dementia may perceive if seasonal plants are used as shading directly infront of the window. The images on this page are drawings that demonstrate the changes in eyesight of a person with dementia and the issues this causes. As a response to this study my design no longer uses seasonal plants directly in-front of a window and instead the plants used as shading are to an angle or to the side of the window to reduce the potential of creating dark contrasting shadows.

I spent some time trying to understand the symptoms of dementia. One of the symptoms being changes in eyesight and how this impacts a person with dementias behaviour. There are two main changes; 1. A person with dementias vision can narrow to around 12inches around which can make it very difficult to see. (see drawing bellow) (Daily Caring, 2021) 2. The brain also shuts down information which means it is hard for a person with dementia to see directly in front, this is as the brain may find the information coming through both eyes overwhelming. (Caring, 2021) The brain therefore shuts down all the information from one eye, which means that a person with dementia can loose depth perception. This means it is difficult to tell what is two-dimensional or threedimensional. This can make it difficult for a patient to differentiate between what something such as a shadow is or whether it is a black hole, They have similar difficulties with things like patterned carpet and realistic paintings as they believe it could be a real flower for example. (as demonstrated in the drawings to the right) (Caring, 2021)

Example of what a person without dementia may see when shadows are created.

As a result all this can cause changes in the persons behaviour and increase agitation and stress.

Photography study looking at the shadows plants can make. Shadows have been exaggerated to try get a better impression of what a person living with dementia may see.

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Drwing demonstrating what a person with dementia with narrow vision may see.

Example of what a person with dementia may see when shadows are created.

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Facade Development Benefits of a herbal sensory wall The image on the previous page shows a person with dementia interacting with a herbal sensory wall and how this encourages interaction, thus stimulating their brain. The image bellow demonstrates the wall builld up of the sensory wall, showign the different layers it requires.

I have chosen to include sensory walls throughout the building as bringing nature into a building is not only beneficial for a person without dementia in helping to improve well-being through encouraging the production of endorphins but there is study that it can help improve a person with dementia well being. Studies suggest that it helps to reduce stress, anger, agitation,k apathy and depression as it helps patients feel more connected. (Hillis, 2021) As well as helping emotional state, it has also been reported that it helps to improve physical state with improved sleeping and eating patterns with regular access to nature.(Hillis, 2021) Other reports also state that improvement in memory and attention have been seen as well as an overall improvement in well-being for example improved independence and confidence. (Hillis, 2021)

Touch Touch

Following these findings I looked into specific herbs that may encourage these positive findings. Studies into lavender aromatherapy seemed the most convincing with it helping to reduce agitation and having a calming effect.

(Lifted, 2016) As a response I have tried to include it throughout the facility in a controlled manner (although this plant is not dangerous and can be consumed with little to no side effects).

Figure 26 - Diagram drawing showing the build up of a sensory wall. (Images used in ARC3013)

Smell Smell

Nature andnature enticingencourages senses encourages a Engaging with positive ‘happy’ brain stimulation in people with dementia and releases endorphins, reducing agitation.

FIgure 25 - Image showing someone interacting with a sensory wall and the benefits of a herbal wall, it also shows how there is enough space for a wheel chair user to get close to it. (Images used in ARC3013)

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Thinking through making was an opportunity to explore the materials that I was planning on using at a 1:1 scale.

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At the time I was becoming increasingly interested in using natural materials such as plants as shading as well as exploring using sensory walls throughout the building. Thinking through making meant that I had time to make my own section of a sensory wall and explore how the piece could actually be used.

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After making the piece it made me realise that while a large sensory wall in parts of the building is a good idea, I could also create smaller versions similar to my thinking through making piece and hang them around the facility. This woul make my theme of natural materials more prominent throughout the building and not just snippets. Thus supporting the theme ‘home not hospital’ while also benefiting the well-being of those whom interact with the pieces.

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Figure 27 - Drawing showing a larger version of a sensory wall and its build-up, information taken from (Biotecture, 2021), image used in ARC3013

Thinking Through Making

Thinking Through Making Model making

The images on the previous page show the step-by-step making process for the piece. The modelling process took about 5 days in total as waterproofing was required so that the plants can be easily watered without it leaking outside of the frame. The image to the right is a picture of the final product, the plants insdie include lavender, mint XXX

Figure 28 Photographs showing development of my thinking through making piece (images used in ARC3013)

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Figure 29 including: measuring, waterproofing steps (which took 3 days to dry) and the final finished product (images used in ARC3013)

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Thinking Through Making Engagement with the senses The images on this page demonstrate how the piece can be used throughout the facility, both on interior and exterior walls and how it can be interacted with.

Photograph showing someone interacting with the piece and it enticing their senses (touch).

Photograph showing someone interacting with the piece and it enticing their senses (smell)

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The outcome of Synthesis demonstrates a resolved scheme, which has been on a journey from Framing, testing and taken influences, particularly from the Technology module.

Previous to this module, my main structural elements the tree-like columns were still in the testing phase and were diagrammatic and not convincing as the main loadbearing structure for the public spaces in the building.

The technology module encouraged me to develop these structures. As a result, despite Synthesis being a more resolved stage of the year, sketching became a vital tool in visualising my ideas until the end of the project.

Using simulations also became more critical in the final iterative process in explaining why I have made certain design decisions, such as designing the balconies as separate structures from the rest of the building to reduce thermal bridging.

Final synthesis pieces such as the day in the life study have also become very influential in presenting my final ideas and reinforcing that it is not an institutional place and meets the concepts discussed within Framing. The three primary users: staff, public and residents, are shown engaging with outdoor spaces, the winter garden and the market street, and the main entrance where the tree structures provide sheltering for a cafe space. Final pieces like this verify the human element in the design and that it meets the aims of the project: to create a friendly, welcoming threshold between the community and the facility while still being user-centric.

Synthesis

New Work

Axonometric View

Drawing showing responses to site conditions

1:1250 Site Plan

Drawing showing responses to site conditions

Entrances Main road access Prevailing wind Noise polution

FIgure 29 - Drawing showing the relationship of Memory Plaza, the dementia village, shared allotments and gardens and its immediate context as well as site constraints for instance noise polution and how the private spaces are situated away from noise. (Authors own, seen in Arc3013)

FIgure 30 - Drawing showing the relationship of Memory Plaza, the dementia village, shared allotments and gardens and its immediate context. (Authors own, seen in Arc3013)

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New Work

ENVIMET Environmental Studies Landscaping responses Wind Direction

The images on the previous page show the wind direction and speed at both summer and winter solstice. They show how my building has responded to its environment and how the wind speeds are of a comfortable level. The images bellow show the design changes I have made to ensure comfortable wind levels.

Wind Speed below 0.5 0.5 to 1.00 1.00 to 1.48 1.49 to 1.99 1.99 to 2.48 2.48 to 2.98 2.98 to 3.49 3.48 to 3.97 3.97 to 4.47 above 4.47

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m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

min: 0.00 m/s Max: 4.96 m/s

Objects Buildings Vegetation: LAD lower 0.5 Vegetation: LAD 0.5 - 1 Vegetation: LAD 1 - 1.5 Vegetation: LAD 1.5 - 2.0 Vegetation: LAD above 2

The wind speed in the residential gardens are within the desireable requirements, however as and were mosty within 2.48 to 2.98 m/s, however as we are dealing with elderly people who feel the cold more easily this seemed a bit too windy to be a space where residents can sit comfortably.

Sheltered balcony spaces have therefore been added infront of residential bedrooms and the day lounge to provide a sheltered space to sit outside which has reduced teh wind speed to a minimum of 1.49 m/s in this space.

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Wind Speed: 1.49 3.97 m/s

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Activity: Walking in residential gardens and shared allotment

Wind Speed: 1.49 2.48 m/s Activity: Sitting in residential gardens

Wind Speed below 0.49 m/s 0.49 to 0.97 m/2 0.97 to 1.46 m/2 1.46 to 1.94 m/2 1.94 to 2.34 m/2 2.34 to 2.91 m/2 2.91 to 3.40 m/2 3.40 to 3.88 m/2 3.88 to 4.37 m/2 above 4.37 m/2

1 2 Min 0.00 m/s Max 4.85

Objects Buildings Vegetation: LAD lower 0.5 Vegetation: LAD 0.5 - 1 Vegetation: LAD 1 - 1.5 Vegetation: LAD 1.5 - 2.0 Vegetation: LAD above 2

Originally a wind tunnel had been created at the entrance to the building, making it an undesirable space to sit. After realising this in previous ENVIMET analysis I have created a sheltered entrance which is tucked in within the building, reducing wind speed. This means that the wind speeds are comfortable both entering and sitting outside in the cafe.

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Wind Speed: 1.49 2.98 m/s Activity: Entering the facility.

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Wind Speed: 1.49 2.48 m/s Activity: Sitting in outside cafe infront of the building

New Work

New Work

Landscaping responses Environmental studies

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The building responds to Newcastle climate by including a large winter garden at the centre. It used to be a open courtyard however after looking at the average rain fall it made sense to offer an interior garden space that can be used regardless of its environment. This is particularly beneficial as elderly people are prone to slipping, this means it they can still get access to nature without health and safety issues.

As the design is user-centric the spaces which the user, (the resident with dementia) will use the most are south facing, this being the dementia pods and day lounge, which have roofs covered with solar panels. The roof of the winter garden is also mostly glass with a 1.8m tall curtain wall which allows daylight to pass through the winter garden and onto the roof terrace so that it is not dark and overshadowed. (gaisma, 2021)

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The parts of the building highlighted in yellow demonstrate areas which have been designed to be sheltered as these are spaces inteded to be sat outside in (seen on previous page). The building also ustilises stack effect so that the wind will be directed over the winter garden, providing a nice sheltered space behind where people can enjoy socialising, games and bbqs . (bottom image, information taken from (Meteoblue, 2021)).

The building engages successfully with the community as the entrance is on the ‘main street’ with both the cafe and intergenerational spaces positioned at the front to welcome visitors. There are also two cafe spaces, one inside and one outside under the canopy in order to provide a transitional space between the street and entering the facility in order to make the experience as pleasant and welcoming for the visitor as possible,

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The site is relatively quiet. however the north west of the site it is likely that ambulances will be going past as this is near the hospital entrance. The north east is also close to a busy junction which at certain times of the day have the potential to be noisy. As a response the north east of my site houses the plant room and the ground floor of the north west includes vertical circulation and toilets and on the first floor roof garden I have put designed a ‘hut’ with vertical louvers for plants to grow up which will provide a buffer from any potential noise.

heat absorbed by high mass LANDSCAPE

conduction he through roof s

Building design responses

heat generated bodies, lights

Environmental studies

Plants cool do they regulate th by controlling of water evap their leaves. A therefore help the tempreture

The following diagrams demonstrate the ways the building responds to its environment in terms of heating, cooling and ventilation. There is a large green roof as this helps to maintain a constant temperature as well as a concrete floor which absorbs diagram and releases heat through thermal massing.greenroof Grills and large windows throughout the building have also been incorporated Incorporating a green to allow for natural ventilation.

roofs improves the function of insulation material and also redcuses the reliance on heating as it helps ot maintain a constant and comfortale temperature. This is becuase when air blows accross a regualr roof hot or cold air heats or cools it through convection, however a green roof creates a layer of air above the roof, reducing the transfer of heat.

Convection heat transfer with ambient air

convection heat transfer with ambient air

Summer shading strategy

Plants cool down the air as they regulate their Diagram showing evaporation on green tempreture by controling the amount of water evaporating from their leaves. The greenroof therefore regulates the tempreture.

Winter shading strategy FIgure 32 - Diagram showing evaporation on a green roof (Authors own, diagram and writing seen in Arc3013)

Mass heat transfer (evaporation)

mass heat transfer (evaporation)

Solar radiation heat addition

3D AXO SHOWING VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SERVICE DISTRIBUTION

solar radiation heat addition

Reflected solar radiation reflected solar radiation

long-wave radiation heat Long-wave radiation heat transfer to transfer to sky/atmosphere sky/atmosphere

Heat absorbed or released by high heat absorbed or released mass layers

Diagras demonstrating how seasonal plants act as shading during summer.

Day time heating strategy - Concrete floor slab absorbs heat during the day.

by high mass layers

Conduction heat transfer through

conduction roof systemheat transfer through roof system

LANDSCAPE

Heatgenerated generatedindoors indoors by by bodies, heat lights etc. bodies, lights etc.

Night time heating strategy - Concrete floor slab releases heat during the night.

During summer natural ventilation is used to flush out heat released during the night to avoid overheating.

FIgure 31 - Diagram and writing demonstrates the greenroof of the structure and how it helps to regulate tempreture. (Authors own, diagram and writing seen in Arc3013)

Plants cool down the air as they regulate their tempreture by controlling the amount of water evaportating from their leaves. A green roof therefore helps to regulate the tempreture.

greenroof diagram Incorporating a green roofs improves the function of insulation material and also redcuses the reliance on heating as it helps ot maintain a constant and comfortale temperature. This is becuase when air blows accross a regualr roof hot or cold air heats or cools it through convection, however a green roof creates a layer of air above the roof, reducing the transfer of heat.

Summer shading strategy

Diagram showing evaporation on green Winter shading strategy

Natural Ventilation a) Single way ventilation

b) Stack ventilation

c) Top down ventilation

FIgure 33 - Diagrams and writing exploring heating and ventilation (Authors own, diagram and writing seen in Arc3013)

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Velux daylight analysis Shading strategies

Velux simulations have been a vital tool throughout the design process to ensure that there is enough daylight within different spaces. Getting enough daylight is essential for everyone’s physical and mental well-being, however for a person living wit dementia it is specifically important as their bodies are more susceptible to changes and getting not enough daylight can disrupt their body clocks and negatively impact both their mental and physical well-being.

The images show velux simulations of the dementia pod. It shows that the maximum levels are 600 lux which is a comfortable level of daylight as this is where the table and seating is and somewhere that requires lots of daylight so people can see what they are doing. The lower levels between 76- 226 are also fine as this is where built in furniture is and the toilet and can be lit with lighting. The bed also receives levels between 335 and 300 which again are comfortable lux levels.

To reduce the glare I have added to my design horizontal louvres in front of the balcony which has seasonal plants. This will provide some shading specifically during the summer months and reduce the daylight and lux levels.

Lux levels

Image above: Summer solstice perspective and plan view.

Image bellow: Winter solstice perspective and plan view.

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Figure 34 - Image showing daylight entering without seasonal plants and then the reduced daylight entering when seasonal plants are used (Authors own, seen in Arc3013)

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New Work

Design responses to enviornmental studies Balcony and window development Throughout the design process II have spent some time looking at passive house design and how I can best incorporate their design ideas into my own in order to respond properly to the environmental issues we are facing The previous page shows the balcony structure intront of the pod facade and how it functions as a separate structure in order to reduce thermal bridging, reducing energy losses and engergy costs. The image bellow further explores this idea. It shows an air tight wall junction which again helps to reduce thermal bridging. There is also a roller blind fitted inside which means that thermal insulation is not reduced. (Gonzalo and Vallentin, 2014)

Tempreture 20.c

-10.c Drawing showing a pod facade and how the balcony functions as an extra structure

Balcony Residential pod

Footpath Terrace

Figure 35- Detailed drawing showing the window junction of the pod and how it has been designed in an environmentally conscious way to reduce thermal bridging. (Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

Shared Shared residential gardensHedge allotments with dementia village

Dfawing of the relationship between the residntial pod, balcony and exterior spaces and how the balcony is a separate structure.

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Figure 36- 1:20 section and elevation. (Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

1 Roof: Photovoltaic fixed through roof to CLT with aluminium Engineered soil with planting Filter fabric Membrane Separation layer Root barrier Waterproof membrane Drainage layer Filter mat EPDM membrane 87.5mm EPS insulation 350mm EPS insulation

Polymer bitumen vapour barrier, glass fibre reinforced 200mm CLT 2. 28mm 3-ply solid wood panel, larch

with cellulose fibre 18mm osb board 60mm insulation layer 12.5mm gypsum fibreboard

3. Fire protection tape

5. Window frame with copper covering

4. Exterior wall: 24mm Larch cladding 30mm cavity 60mm battens 16mm wooden fire battens 240mm timber construction, double webbed beams filled

6. Vertical awning

More details: Garden terrace/balcony: A garden terrace/balcony with seasonal plants climbing up the creates a semi-private garden space for residents while also provides shading as it is south-facing. To reduce any cold-bridging between the balcony and the main building the balcony is an independent self-standing structure with concrete foundations.

Windows: The buildings main window frames go beyond the main buildings structure in order to allow for sun shading devices and also cover the frame with insulation.

7. 100mm EPS insulation covering window frames

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8. Window: Timber frame Triple thermal insulation glazing Security glass for middle pane

11. Terrace: 30mm timber decking Larch Concrete foundations

9. EPDM membrane with copper sheathing

12. Ground floor: 10mm floor covering screed with underfloor heating Separating layer 20mm impact sound insulation 30mm EPS insulation 250mm reinforced concrete slab PE foil, 2 layers

10. 0.8mm copper sheathing EPDM membrane XPS insulation wedge

240mm EPS load-bearing insulation 50mm binding layer concrete 13. Underground wall Drainage layer 240mm perimetre insulation 14. Foundations: Concrete T-shaped foundation

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Tree Structure Development Exploring a simple tree massing The photographs explore my inital ideas for a tree strucutre, which was a tall gulam column with a few branches to hold the roof up. Although this structure ‘work’ed it felt a bit too institutional and did not reflect my design themes of responding to nature.

Figure 37 - Model made using matchsticks, bluetack and foam board to create my ifirst ree massing.

(Authors own image, used in ARC3013

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Figure 38 - Model made using revit to explore a more realistic tree structure and how it would fit within my building design.

(Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

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Iteration through sketching After the Thinking Through Making task, I became inspired to try use nature throughout my building in order to stimulate similar effect that nature make to influence wellbeing. The main structure for my building was initially plain gulam columns.

However, as I wanted these to hold up large open spaces they were very large columns and felt quite institutional. As a response, I started to develop a structure that could become something to interact with and also resembled nature to help try improve well-being. The images on the previous page show the different design structures that I came up with and how it is supposed to resemble a tree.

Drawings demonstrating the iterative process of the tree structure.

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Initial tree structure using Gulam to create a single structure that cannot be dissembled.

Figure 39 -Second main tree structure, using timber to create a more delicate structure. (Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

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New Work

New Work

Tree Structure Development

New Work

Tree Structure Development Iteration through section Sections showing the relationship with the tree structure and the rest of the building. The drawing on the previous page explores the environmental strategies regarding the structure.

mechanical exhaust fans assist extract of hot air in summer

angled for maximum sunlight

stack ventilation through grills

drainage

stack ventilation through grills views of courtyard

views out and operable natural ventilation

views of courtyard

underfloor heating

live roof stabilises temperature

rain water collection

pod orientation minimises acoustic impacts of roads and hospitals

Second section iteration.

Initial section.

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Tree Structure Development Winter garden studies

Both drawings explore the ways the tree structure can work within the winter garden.

Drawing showing the inital ideas for the winter garden.

Figure 40 - Diagramatic drawing showing the initial ideas for the winter garden and how the trees can be interacted with. (Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

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Refer to appendix

New Work

Tree Structure Development Iteration through sketching The images show the development of the tree structure in my sketchbook. After the previous designs shown on earlier pages I revisited the structure. Although I liked the design, after beginning the tech module the structure did not seem realistic enough to hold up a building. I have therefore revisited the structure and re-designed it to ensure it can hold up the roof. I also wanted to ensure the trees were delicate and convincingly resemble nature. The images bellow show the final sketch of the structure and the development of each piece of the structure with its measurements. It has been designed in this way so that it resembles a tree more convincingly with each piece representing a branch and the different paths it takes. It has also been designed this way so that the structure can, after its life-cycle be entirely reused, modified or recycled.

Finilised initial sketch of tree structure

Finalised initial sketch of tree structure showing each section from plan view and the structures increasing diameter.

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Tree Structure

Environmental studies regarding building structure I have picked to design a structure with multiple timber joints not only to mimic a tree and its branches better but also so that the structure can be recycled. By choosing to use bolted steel connections to join each piece of timber together means that unlike using one modular structure the structure can be dismantled, re modified and recycled. This means that after the buildings life-cycle the building can be changed to create new spaces or its materials can be dissembled and used for other constructions. The more public part of the building has also been designed mostly open plan with the tree structures being the main load-bearing structure. This has been done so that the building is flexible and can be adapted as the interior spaces such as the cafe and other smaller rooms surrounding the winter garden can be slotted in similar to furniture and removed or altered depending on the changing requirements of the building.

Existing structure

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Figure 41 - Exploded axonometric showing the main structure of the winter garden, reception and cafe spaces. It shows how the cafe, and pod spaces slot into the building similar to furniture, rather than having load-bearing qualities. (Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

Separate wooden planks with steel joints Diagram showing how the main buildings structural elements can be reused, recycled or repurposed.

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Tree Structure Development

Exploring a more intricate and detailed structure The photographs demonstrate the modelling process in helping to fully realise the details of the tree structure. The images on the previous page demonstrate a pivotal stage in the design process as until this point, although I had sketched out the design I did not fully understand how it would work until making a 1:50 model of it.

Figure 39 - Initial concept model of tree structure. (Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

Figure 40 - Photographs of the final tree structure model, made using maskingtape and white card at 1:50 scale. (Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

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Figure 38 - Initial concept model of tree structure. (Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

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Final Tree Structure Model Engagements with the structure The image shows the scale of the tree structure and how it can be engaged with, for instance in the winter garden it can be used similar to a real tree in perhaps providing shading and a space to sit under and read or enjoy other activities. I

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carbon steel rain gutter

anticorrosive wood

steel joint member vegetation drainage layer separation fabric waterproof membrane rigid insulation vapour barrier suspended ceiling for services clt panel wooden floor

anticorrosive wooden columns tempered insulated glass

steel ring members

flooring (screed?) underfloor heating concrete slab

damp proof membrane section steel foundation concrete slab rubble masonary compact earth carbon steel rain gutter

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Figure 41 - Tree structure 1:20 development (tree no longer penetrates the green roof ). (Authors own image, seen in Arc3013)

Spatial arrangments

The following images demonstrate the final spatial arrangement of Memory Plaza and how public and private spaces are sometimes blurred while still in a controlled manner. It shows the clear wandering path throughout the space and how there is also a mini wandering path within the winder garden

Residential private spaces Staff private spaces

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Semi-public space, open to public and during monitored times residents.

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Private space but at monitored times may be open to public

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public and private

public and private Continuous circulation and merging of public and private spaces throughout monitored times in the day Axonometric view showing the layout of the ground floor (tree structure is just used for massing.)

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Residential cluster including: bedrooms, daylounge, living room tvroom etc.

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Staff spaces including conference room, staff room etc.

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Reception, cafe and waiting areas

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Shopping street

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Second cafe space to welcome visitors

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Library spaces

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Diagram showing the relationship between public and private spaces and how these spaces become a bit more blurred during certain times of the day

Diagram showing the main wandering path throughout the building and the different routes that can be taken and aslo the mini wandering path within the winter garden.

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New Work

New Work

Ground Floor Programme

New Work

New Work

First Floor Programme

Spatial arrangments

The images demonstrate the ways the roof garden with allotments, residential cluster and main activity space work together and how they all interact with the winter gardeneach space has a clear view overlooking the space. The main activity space is particularly interesting as this is a space that will be used by visitors and the residents throughout monitored time and is apace for games and activities. This is why the tree structure penetrates this part of the roof to make the space more ‘fun’ and interactive with the seating and tables all around the space. The centre is also glass to provide lighting into the reception and cafe space.

Residential private spaces Semi-public space, open to public and during monitored times residents.

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Axonometric view showing the layout of the first floor (tree structure is just used for massing.)

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Residential cluster including: bedrooms, daylounge, living room tvroom etc.

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Various mini greenhouse spaces with seating over looking garden spaces.

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Seating area with a fire pit for residents and visitors to socialise and play games.

Intergenerational space: main ‘activity’ room. Tree structures are used as furniture, with clt circular tables around them. They also are glass at the centre so that light can reach the ground floor

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Diagram showing the relationship between public and private spaces and how these spaces become a bit more blurred during certain times of the day

Diagram showing the main wandering path throughout the building and the different routes that can be taken and also the mini wandering path on the roof garden.

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New Work

New Work

Olum fugiam as arias di doluptiorat aut eribea nullam et unt dit, si ad moluptur? Qui totatib earchil litati beari ipsust oditaer orporis di berferi orrovidelia quias moluptum et quod qui ullis re autat acestiu mquatem quo voloreprori sin repratume cum eicab iume plabore pelendendunt ullorem estibus ducid eosam dolor re voluptatem quis volest plationsequi omnis dolenimin culparum re cor magnatusam faceati isciur sus quam doluptati rersped untibusandio voluptat faceaquis praero quid enitae lique quaeribus et lat exped quia volore volorrum excesto tatus, cum into ipsus con reperibusam ipient volore nonecea sit lit omnimporem nobitiis esti

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Public Park to create connections within the community.

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Walkway which will have markets and the activities in order to open the block rather than it just becoming a facade.

It connects the public park, dementia village, allotments and ‘Memory Plaza’.

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Dementia village. This space is not public and will have barriers such as hedges and potentially moveable barriers to operate at certain times.

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Allotments. This space is primarily for the dementia village and Memory Plaza in order to create connections between the two, however it will sometimes be open to the public. Residents will only be allowed to use this space during monitored times to prevent any harm.

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Residential gardens of Memory Plaza.

Entering and leaving this space will be monitored. Hedges and moveable barriers will also be used to ensure that residents can only ‘wander ’ either with staff or when being closely monitored.

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Memory Plaza

Perspective drawings showing daily routine

Barbara recently moved into Memory Plaza and her family were worried that she would not cope well there as she loves to wander around and go to the shops and park. Moreover Barbara was happy to realise she could still go shopping, visit the library and post office. By engaging in her usual activities and having the freedom to wander Barbara is less agitated.

Image showing the shopping street and residents engaging in their day to day activitiesl

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Barbara starts her day off in her bedroom. (This is just the layout and as shown earlier is much more personal).

Image showing the winter garden where Barbara spends reading in the afternoon.

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A Day in the life of Barbra

New Work

New Work

A Day in the life of Steve

Perspective drawings showing daily routine

Steve is 76 years old and lives nearby Memory Plaza, before the facility opened he was bored as there was no where for his age group to socialise. He now regularly enjoys visiting both the outdoor and indoor cafe as well as the activity centre where h e enjoys games and arts and crafts.

Drawing showing the entrance to Memory Plaza and the sheltered cafe space at the front.

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View of first floor activity centre.

Basic image showing the entrance, showing the waiting area, and reception.

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A Day in the life of Mark

Perspective drawings showing daily routine

Mark is a nurse at Memory Plaza, he spends his time monitoring the day lounge, corridors and the roof garden. He spends the rest of his time in the family consultant pod spaces overlooking the winter garden.

Image showing the roof garden and people engaging in various different activities.

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Image showing the day lounge.

Image showing the corridor spaces with roof lights (sensory walls are usually on the walls but for simplicity have been left off )

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Image showing a family consultant space looking over the winter garden.

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How gardening shaped my design...

After returning to university just before Christmas I missed the therapeutic benefits of gardening and started growing my own indoor plants. The images bellow show my own plants I have been growing, in particular the avocado seed in a glass was a fun activity and showed how you can grow plants from things you already have.

Cultural bibliography Sensual experiences

Olum fugiam as arias di doluptiorat aut eribea nullam et unt dit, si ad moluptur? Qui totatib earchil litati beari ipsust oditaer orporis di berferi orrovidelia quias moluptum et quod qui ullis re autat acestiu mquatem quo voloreprori sin repratume cum eicab iume plabore pelendendunt ullorem estibus ducid eosam dolor re voluptatem quis volest plationsequi omnis dolenimin culparum re cor magnatusam faceati isciur sus quam doluptati rersped untibusandio voluptat faceaquis praero quid enitae lique quaeribus et lat exped quia volore volorrum excesto tatus, cum into ipsus con reperibusam ipient volore nonecea sit lit omnimporem nobitiis esti

1 During the first lockdown I decided to take up gardenng with my mum as a way to relax and cure my boredom. A year later this is still something that I am regualrly enjoying. I spend time at her allotment and it has made me realise the theraputic benefits of being close to nature and away from technology.

Figure 42 - Portrait of Isle Crawford (Crawford, 2020)

Throughout the year I have become increasingly interested in the concept of term home (probably because we have been stuck in it) what the term means and the ways its design can influence our well-being. In particular, looking at how a home that reflects and reinforces our personalities and allowing for self expression enhance our wellbeing. As a result I have become very interested in Isle Crawford.

Isle Crawford is an interior and furniture designer who focuses on the ways that spaces can influence the way we think and feel,in particular how sensual experiences can influence our mood.

In her lecture for Design Indaba, she asks us to question “why do we all head for the most comfy chair first” and then goes on to explain that a desire for comfort is within our aminimalistic nature. (Crawford, 2020) I found this fascinating how despite how advanced we feel, our bodies still respond in similar ways to how they did in primitive times and how this desire for sensual experiences is something that we still crave within our built environment.

Throughout the year I have spent time reading her books and watching various of her lectures which I have found on Youtube as well as Netflix. This is something which I have thoroughly enjoyed as although it is not architecture it has encouraged me to gain a more sensitive approach to design and understand the ways the spaces we design can influence those who interact with them. If a simple thing such as a chair can influence someone, our designs have the power to significantly impact someone who interacts with it daily.

Image above: authors own, used in dissertation.

3 After realising the benefits of being with nature for my own well-being, it influenced me to look into the benefits of this for people with dementia.

I found that herbal plants, particularly lavender helped to reduce symptoms of dementia such as agitation and stress, which directly influenced my sensory wall and thinking through making.

I have also enjoyed spending time researching the different furniture that her company has designed particularly Ikea furniture which has been designed with functionality and comfort as the priority while using economical and eco-friendly materials such as cork. I found this interesting how to make a design comfortable, luxurious and expensive material choice are not a requirement.

I feel this in-depth research throughout the year has greatly influenced my design and how I intend to design in the future. It has highlighted how much of an impact designers have on the world.

Particularly in my design it encouraged me to take on a more sensitive response to the design.

Although my design is not someone’s permanent home, it is still someone’s home for a prolonged period and still requires the sensual experiences. Moreover this is something which I feel has really benefited my approach to design and will continue to as I continue designing.

4 The image above is my finished. It shows how balconies use seasonal plants for shading but also to encourage engagement with the building and to help enhance those who interact with its wellbeing. This was a developed response to something as simple as myself realising the therapeutic benefits of gardening and trying to implement its known benefits into my design.

Figure 43 - Ilse Crawford Lecture at Cape Town for Design Inbada on humna emotion and architecture. (Crawford, 2020)

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Figure 44 - Ilse Crawford book cover. (Crawford and Thompson, 2005)

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Figure 45 - Ilse Crawford book cover. (Crawford and Thompson, 2000)

Cultural bibliography Drawings of the three main intended users of the facility.

A day in a life

The images explore the ways my dissertation (where I spent time reseraching people and their dailiy routines) influenced my hobbies and as a result the personal approach I took within my design.

Film photography of my friends ‘favourite lock-down walks’.

Sketches of my friend enjoying her daily routine- going to a park and enjoying her lunch hour.

Throughout the year I have taken on a few hobbies, one of them being film photography.

Although I am by no means an expert at it, I have throughout enjoyed capturing quick pictures of my friends enjoying their normal daily routines and this is a skill I plan on developing. As well as film photography, I have spent time doing quick sketches of my friends and their daily habits. Both of these activities I feel have been unconsciously influenced by my dissertation where I spent time researching and documenting friends and families daily routines.

Although both of these activities were just for fun and not very serious, I feel it has unconsciously influenced my design. Throughout the year I have taken closer look into people and how they enjoy spending their free time and the little things that influence this. By realising the little things that influence people and their daily activities is something that I have tried to respond to within my design, designing in a way that focuses on smaller details which would influence the residents interacting with my design such as regular seating around the facility to provide spaces for social interactions as well as sensory walls to encourage engagement with nature.

Both of these are small design changes but will have a significant influence on the residents daily routine and how they perceive the spaces that they are interacting with.

Figure 47 - Photographs from dissertation showing a social distanced meetup.

(Freeman, 2020)

Film photography of my friends ‘favourite lock-down walks’.

Figure 48 -Photographs showing food deliveries during Covid-19.

(Robinson, 2020)

Figure 46 - Photograph of my mum working from home during Covid-19, taken from my dissertation. (Robinson, 2020)

Figure 49 - Photograph of home workouts, taken from my dissertation. (Robinson, 2020)

Quick sketches of my friend of my friend on a train and celebrating his birthday.

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Figure 50 - Screenshot of a yoga class meeting up virtually during COvid-19. (Burns, 2020)

Figure 51 - All images taken from Thematic Casestudy, MIro (Third Year Architecture Newcastle, 2021)

Thematic Case Study Reports This case study has a flat roof which utilises solar panels as well as vegetation. At this point during the design process I was beginning to explore sustainable strategies. This case study greatly influenced my design and is something that I ensured was at the forefront of my design, ensuring that my flat roof also included a greenroof system to reduce thermal massing and to make it an interactive space.

Wohnheim Sargfabrik BKK-2 Architects Co-Housing Vienna, Austria

looking at other studios precedents

Alternatively to my design and our studio aims this case study plays to the little light in the design and says that rooms are ‘dark and moody’ in order to create a certain atmosphere. This is entirely the opposite of our design studio where spaces must be well-lit in order to benefit the well-being of the residents as well as those the interact with the building. Despite this, I found it really interesting the ways the architect has manipulated the lighting to create particular atmospheres and moods (seen in the pictures on the left). I particularly liked the end photograph with how roof lights have been used to bring natural light into the space.

3. Sectional, axonometric drawings made by the architects

Walter Segal, Self Build Houses, Honor Oak, London, 1980’s Jon Broome, an architect who worked with Segal, told the Guardian in 2015, “Walter reinvented building from first principles and reduced it to its simplest terms which led to the post and beam frame. His idea was that you would use readily available, inexpensive materials and you would use them in their bought sizes.”

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I personally really enjoyed this whole case study and how the housing had a personal feel to them. Each house was built by the resident with help of Walter Segal and his step-by-step process and the construction was team effort within the neighbourhood. One thing which I particularly liked was that the design was multi-functional.

After reading more about Walter Segal, I realised the importance of designing spaces that can be changed and adapted. Although my design differs from this, the ideology around creating environmentally conscious spaces that can change was inspired by this case study.

language’?

6. Interior view from the houses

The houses consist of a timber frame and panels of insulating material called woodwool that is a mixture of wood fibres and cement. The exterior panels are glyzel board (industrial building cladding) and the interior is plaster board.

Newer extensions use resin boards. The layers are held together with wooden strips secured with metal bolts. This gives the houses their distinctive timber beamed interior.

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The roof is flat and made from a waterproof membrane, which is held in place by pebbles. The membrane is weighted down but not attached to the building except around the edges. The houses are built on stilts which sit on slabs beneath are concrete piles dug deep into the ground – 6 mtrs! As there are no conventional foundations the houses are unusually close to trees (including a Wellingtonia between numbers 8 and 10) that adds to the rustic feel.

Walter Segal drew on years of experience to design homes that simplified the building process, and allowing anyone to build their own house, not having to use professional architects and construction workers. Segal was widely interested in simplifying the building process, in order to cut costs to a minimum. By using widely used materials that were easy to construct together in different configurations, Segal’s houses promise low costs and fast construction, while remaining flexible to the clients needs. The simplicity of the building form is celebrated by using the basic elements of industrial construction to design a house which is purely functional and based on the clients needs.

ANALYSING THE DAILY MOVEMENTS OF A PRIEST

ST. PETER’S SEMINARY GILLESPIE, KIDD & COIA

Segal used a timber frame for the structure of his designs, being easy to construct in different configurations, as well as relatively cheap to build as no ‘wet construction’ methods were needed. While the use of a post and beam wooden frame, is not as cost effective as using a stud wall panel construction, the timber frame allows for shallower foundations. This in turn is more cost effective and requires less skilled labourers. Segal also rethought common problems, such as flat roof junctions and condensation, usually afflicted with system-built housing. Each junction was thought out and diagrammed, in order for people to repeat the building process when building their own homes.

THE USER - EMMA BEALE

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Despite the differences in functionality of this design, the design philosophies seem to have overlaps which I found very interesting. Similar to our design which requires visual cues to the outdoor space so residents can easily orientate themselves. This design follows similar ideas where resident bedrooms have visual cues to the chapel. This is something I spent a while studying and I have attempted to mimic their approach to succeeding with this within my design. I also particularly liked how a day in the life of a priest has been done for this case study and this is something which reinforced the importance of human connections and creating my own day in a life in my design.

8.

Although this case study is very different to mine: it used to be a shipyard and is now an exhibition space, it follows a similar design philosophy to that of our studio: User Centric. I found this really interesting as it was a visitor centre and something which I didn’t think would have needed to be designed user centric. I found it particularly interesting how they have achieved this by using a flexible structure which allows the space to change and adapt depending on the exhibition.

USER

USER-CENTRIC DESIGN

INTRODUCTION The project repaired and extended an industrail space to contain an art gallery. It creates an ambitious public resource, of flexible capacity, which allows work at several scales from everyday exhibitions to large-scale artistic events The new building was constructed by translucent and transparent materials, linking visitors to the harbor outside. The transparency of the skin also allows to see the background vision of the opaque volume of the artwork’s reserves. The intersecting layers and openings encourage people to interpret with space.

FRAC DUNKIRK LACATON AND VASSAL DUNKIRK, FRANCE GROUP 1 SHUJAAT AFZAL EMILY DUCKER ADA DING NATALIA STASIK JACOB BOWELL

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USER AND THE FABRIC The whole building is open and bright. When visitors stand closed to the fabric, they can feel the outside temperature immediately.

"Under a light and bioclimatic envelope, a prefabricated and efficient structure determines free, flexible and evolutionary platforms, with few constraints, fit to the needs of the program," said the architects. "The transparency of the skin allows to see the background vision of the opaque volume of the artworks reserves."

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Thematic Case Study Kate Macintosh East Dulwich London

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Isobel Prosser, Benoit Rawlings, Jiwoo Kim Philip Russell, Hana Baraka

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Layering the façade softens the physical and visual transition between the external courtyard and internal apartment building.

This contrasts with the flat, opaque façades of the buildings surrounding the courtyard, emphasising the medieval structures.

As such, Apartment Building Along a Party Wall respectfully reflects its surroundings without imitating them or trying to appear as though it’s the same age.

Isobel Prosser

The depth of the façade creates two layers to the building: the building proper, which follows the same footprint as the structure it replaced; and the façade, which protrudes beyond the face of the adjacent stone building. This creates the impression of there being two structures that have been built before the party wall, not just one. Figure 11 demonstrates this where the party wall and two layers of building have been separated to distinguish them from each other.

Studio Specific Criteria

The façade consists of slender wooden and steel poles. These give depth and an element of permeability to the front of the building, as one can physically walk through and stand in the façade before entering the building proper (Figures 9 and 10). This spatial element of the façade was a key principle in Herzog & de Meuron’s design and as such is relevant to other aspects of the building, such as its structure and relation to the environment.

11 Hebelstrasse Apartment Along A Party Wall Herzog & de Meuron Thematic Housing Typology

STAGE 3 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN | 9

8 | CASE STUDY | Joungho

I found the design of this case study particularly interesting as I found the aesthetics of the balcony and terrace spaces very inspirational as this is the type of atmosphere I was aiming for in my own design. Although on reflection, due to safety and security requirments of my design it was not a good idea to try and mimic it in my own design. I ended up opting against having a balcony space that residents could wander up and down as this would create issues with residents potentially entering pods which were not theirs as no member of staff would be able to properly monitor the space.

CASE STUDY

HOUSING IN MULHOUSE

BY LACATON &VASSAL

RE-USE, RE-ADAPTATION, APPROACH TO SITE They believe the view of the architect is as extending far beyond just building, but creatively engaging with the regulatory aspects of each project. This approach to their projects brings an element of individualism, where the changes are independent of the building.

In the early years of his career, Philippe Lacaton spent five years in Niger, which he describes as a formative experience.

Witnessing first-hand what could be achieved with very little, through innovation and creativity of those living in scarcity. This personal experience brought lessons of scarcity and economy of resource into Lacaton and Vassal’s practice; do the maximum with the minimum.

These ideas also drove their opposition to demolition. Both Vassal and Lacaton feel there are always transformative opportunities that can be achieved through the adaption of space and that demolition should not be an option. Re-using and adapting space, create more environmental, economic and social benefits. Relocation and displacement of people when a building is demolished is a social issue. Their methods work against pernicious form of gentrification that targets the poor by tearing down existing affordable housing, replacing it with market rate units, which forces lower income citizens to relocate where land and rents are cheaper.

Figure 11

Figure 1: Images of Niger from Jean-Philippe Vassal’s five year trip.

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This case study is an example of someone’s ‘utopian’ vision coming true, with its aims being to respond to the community and providing social justice. Our design studio, in similar ways is a ‘utopian dream’ and we are trying to provide state-of-the-art care to people living with dementia and transform the current design for dementia facilities within the UK. My project in particular wants to provide ‘social justice’ to the elderly. I found it particularly interesting how similar to my project, access to nature and sunlight and views into the bedroom were of significant importance despite the aims of the project being different. It made me realise despite users, the response to nature, daylight and views are vital no matter the user for peoples well-being.

The architect of this case study has an exceptionally strong manifesto regarding the demolition of buildings in relation to social issues this causes as well as climate change. “Never demolish, never remove or replace always transform.” I found this particularly interesting as I hadn’t ever thought of the social issues demolishing buildings can create and this is an ideology I tried to bring into my own design regarding the main structure of my building. I also particularly enjoyed the experimental housing side of this case study and the links between different architects practicing the same ideas. Although I have not taken on many of their ideas due to the sensitivity of my project it is something I hope to revisit and learn further about experimental housing and how they impact people and the community.

List of figures

Bibliography

Figure 1 - Richardson, J., 2020. Dr. Jonathan Richardson on Dementia.

Biotecture, B., 2021. Green Wall Specification and Drawings | Biotecture. [online] Biotecture. Available at: <https://www.biotecture.uk.com/design-andspecify/specifications-and-compliance/specifications-and-drawings/> [Accessed 26 January 2021].

Figure 2 - Richardson, J., 2020. Dr. Jonathan Richardson on Dementia.

Figure 3 - Utton, D., 2020. Damian Utton Lecture on Designing for Dementia.

Caring, D., 2021. Dementia and Eyesight: 3 Common Changes and Behaviors – DailyCaring. [online] DailyCaring. Available at: <https://dailycaring.com/ dementia-and-eyesight-an-expert-explains-common-changes-and-behaviors-video/> [Accessed 28 May 2021].

Crawford, I. and Thompson, M., 2000. Front cover of the sensual Home by Ilse Crawford, Martyn Thompson (. [image] Available at: <https://www. goodreads.com/book/show/36864.Sensual_Home> [Accessed 19 May 2021].

Figure 4 - Palmer, L., 2020. Lesley Palmer ’s Lecture Part 1.

Figure 5 - Authors own image taken from ARC3015 showing pod design.

Figure 6 - Authors own image taken from ARC3013 showing seasonal plants used as a shading device.

Crawford, I. and Thompson, M., 2005. Home Is Where the Heart Is by Isle Crawford. [image] Available at: <https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/396068.

Home_Is_Where_the_Heart_Is> [Accessed 19 May 2021].

Figure 7 - House of Memores Semester 1, 2020. Screenshot of House of Memories Framing Presentation. [image].

Crawford, I., 2020. IDesign Indaba: Ilse Crawford on human emotion.

FIgure 8 - Fleming, R., Zeisel, J. and Bennett, K., 2020. Front Cover of the World Alzheimer Report 2020. [image] Available at: <https://www.alzint.org/resource/ world-alzheimer-report-2020/> [Accessed 6 May 2020].

Crawford, I., 2020. Isle Crawford, Ilse Crawford On Human Emotion..

Figure 9 - rbkc.gov, 2015. Front Cover of a report on ‘Old People’s Housing Guidance’. [image] Available at: <http://rbkc.gov.uk> [Accessed 15 May 2021].

cullinanstudio, n.d. Photograph of the entrance of Newcastle Maggie Centre. [image] Available at: <https://www.cullinanstudio.com/projectmaggiesnewcastle> [Accessed 18 May 2021].

Figure 10 - Halsall, B. and MacDonald, R., 2019. DESIGN for DEMENTIA Volume 1 - A Guide. [image] Available at: <http://www.hlpdesign.com/images/case_studies/ Vol1.pdf> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

Fleming, R., Zeisel, J. and Bennett, K., 2020. Front Cover of the World Alzheimer Report 2020. [image] Available at: <https://www.alzint.org/resource/worldalzheimer-report-2020/> [Accessed 6 May 2020].

Figure 10 - Ashworth, E., 2020. Photograph taken during site visit. [image].

gaisma, 2021. Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom - Sun path diagram. [image] Available at: <https://www.gaisma.com/en/location/newcastle-upontyne.html> [Accessed 29 May 2021].

Figure 11 - Genova, L., 2014. Front cover of the book Still Alice.. [image] Available at: <https://www.amazoWn.co.uk/Still-Alice-Lisa-Genova/dp/1501107739> [Accessed 17 May 2021].

FIgure 12 - Authors own image, used in ARC3014

Genova, L., 2014. Front cover of the book Still Alice.. [image] Available at: <https://www.amazon.co.uk/Still-Alice-Lisa-Genova/dp/1501107739> [Accessed 17 May 2021].

Genova, L., 2018. Still Alice. 1st ed. Milano: Piemme.

Figure 13 - Authors own image, used in ARC3015

Gonzalo, R. and Vallentin, R., 2014. Passive house design. 1st ed. Munich: DETAIL Green Books, pp.41-59.

Figure 14 - Authors own image, used in ARC3015

Halsall, B. and MacDonald, R., 2019. DESIGN for DEMENTIA Volume 1 - A Guide. [image] Available at: <http://www.hlpdesign.com/images/case_studies/Vol1. pdf> [Accessed 6 May 2021].

Figure 15 - Authors own image, used in ARC3015 Figure 16 - cullinanstudio, n.d. Photograph of the entrance of Newcastle Maggie Centre. [image] Available at: <https://www.cullinanstudio.com/ projectmaggies-newcastle> [Accessed 18 May 2021].

Figure 17 - Hawkins, E., 2019. Warming Stripes for GLOBE from 1850-2019. [image] Available at: <https://showyourstripes.info/> [Accessed 25 October 2020].

Hawkins, E., 2019. Warming Stripes for GLOBE from 1850-2019. [image] Available at: <https://showyourstripes.info/> [Accessed 25 October 2020].

Hillis, K., 2021. The Natural World Offers Benefits to Dementia Patients. [online] BrainTest. Available at: <https://braintest.com/natural-world-offers-benefitsdementia-patients/#:~:text=Based%20on%20growing%20evidence%2C%20it,dementia%20patients%20feel%20more%20connected.> [Accessed 28 May 2021].

Lifted, L., 2016. Using the scent of lavender in dementia care. [online] Lifted. Available at: <https://www.liftedcare.com/using-the-scent-of-lavender-indementia-care/#:~:text=Several%20small%20studies%20suggest%20that,restlessness%2C%20and%20nervous%20stomach%20irritations.> [Accessed 28 May 2021].

Figure 18 - Authors own image, used in ARC3014 FIgure 19 - Authors own image. used in ARC3013

Meteoblue, 2021. Wind direction and speed Newcastle Upon Tyne. [image] Available at: <https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/ climatemodelled/newcastle-upon-tyne_united-kingdom_2641673> [Accessed 29 May 2021].

FIgure 20 - Authors own image, used in ARC3014 Figure 21 - Authors own image, used in ARC3014

neocon, 2019. Portrait of Isle Crawford. [image] Available at: <https://neocon.com/blog/q-a-with-tuesday-keynote-ilse-crawford> [Accessed 19 May 2021].

FIgure 22-44 - Authors own image, used in ARC3013 Figure 45 - neocon, 2019. Portrait of Isle Crawford. [image] Available at: <https://neocon.com/blog/q-a-with-tuesday-keynote-ilse-crawford> [Accessed 19 May 2021].

Figure 46 - Crawford, I., 2020. IDesign Indaba: Ilse Crawford on human emotion.

Figure 47 - Crawford, I. and Thompson, M., 2005. Home Is Where the Heart Is by Isle Crawford. [image] Available at: <https://www.goodreads.com/ book/show/396068.Home_Is_Where_the_Heart_Is> [Accessed 19 May 2021].

rbkc.gov, 2015. Front Cover of a report on ‘Old People’s Housing Guidance’. [image] Available at: <http://rbkc.gov.uk> [Accessed 15 May 2021].

Third Year Architecture Newcastle, 2021. Images taken from Thematic Case Study. [image]. weather-guide, 2019. Average days raining in Newcastle Upon Tyne. [image] Available at: <http://www.weather-guide.com/city-weather-b/NewcastleWeather.html> [Accessed 29 May 2021].

Figure 48 - Crawford, I. and Thompson, M., 2000. Front cover of the sensual Home by Ilse Crawford, Martyn Thompson (. [image] Available at: <https:// www.goodreads.com/book/show/36864.Sensual_Home> [Accessed 19 May 2021].

Figure 49 - Authors own image, taken from dissertation.

Figure 50 - Freeman, E., 2020. Photograph of a social distanced pint. [image].

Figure 51 - Robinson, S., 2020. Photograph showing someone dropping food off during Covid-19. [image].

Figure 52 - Authors own image, taken from dissertation.

Figure 53 - Burns, T., 2020. Photograph of doing yoga over zoom. [image].

Figure 54 - Third Year Architecture Newcastle, 2021. Images taken from Thematic Case Study. [image].

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Appendix

Model Making Development Roof exploration

Initially I wanted to use ETFE on the roof of the winter garden however this ended up being problematic as too much daylight was entering the building. The images demonstrate my initial exploration of how this would fit onto the tree structures.

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Structural grid development Development work

The drawings show the development process of the structural grid for the tree structures. Up to and half way through synthesis there was 16 tree structures in total which became very problematic in creating private smaller spaces. As a result the tree structures are now only in the more public open spaces and the other to ends of the buildings act almost as separate buildings structurally.

ground floor

Suggested ‘branch’ plan view - 8 branches.

- each branch spans 5m and is 300mm thick and goes down to 200mm

3500

radius of tree column: 0.5m

10m 10m

6m 6m

Drawings showing the development of structural grid and elevation studies.

Drawings showing the development of a 5x5 structural grid.

3d of primary elements

first floor

(tree design has since been revised and needs 8 branches rather than 4)

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5m thickness of column in pods: 0.3mx0.3m

6m thickness of beams in pods: 0.3mx0.3m

Structural grid development Development work

The following images demonstrate the main second iteration of the structural grid and how the trees fitted within the building.

From the initial stage they have got larger as an attempt to reduce the amount within the building. This was later revised and the structures were eventually only used in the central, more public areas of the building in order to make the residential areas more homely and smaller scale.

ground floor

ground floor

10m

radius of tree column: 0.5m

3500

10m

3500

radius of tree column: 0.5m

10m 10m

6m 6m

5m

6m 6m

5m

6m

thickness of column in pods: 0.3mx0.3m

thickness of beams in pods: 0.3mx0.3m

first floor 6m

thickness of column in pods: 0.3mx0.3m

thickness of beams in pods: 0.3mx0.3m

first floor

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Sketchbook work Development

The following pages demonstrate the ‘ finalised’ drawing of the tree structure before the model making process began.

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Sketchbook work Development

The following pages demonstrate the ‘ finalised’ drawing of the tree structure before the model making process began.

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Model Making Process Development of 1:50 model Olum fugiam as arias di doluptiorat aut eribea nullam et unt dit, si ad moluptur? Qui totatib earchil litati beari ipsust oditaer orporis di berferi orrovidelia quias moluptum et quod qui ullis re autat acestiu mquatem quo voloreprori sin repratume cum eicab iume plabore pelendendunt ullorem estibus ducid eosam dolor re voluptatem quis volest plationsequi omnis dolenimin culparum re cor magnatusam faceati isciur sus quam doluptati rersped untibusandio voluptat faceaquis praero quid enitae lique quaeribus et lat exped quia volore volorrum excesto tatus, cum into ipsus con reperibusam ipient volore nonecea sit lit omnimporem nobitiis esti

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THEMATIC CASE STUDY THE MAGGIE'S CENTRES NEWCASTLE

Max | Nigel | Molly | Owen | Megan

Content Page

INT 1

Introduction p. 4-5

Section 1: Link between the case study and Studio Specific Criteria p. 8-11 Max Wu

2 3

Section 2: Testing through simulations p. 14-17 Nigel Wong Tsz Fung

Section 3: Climate p. 20-23 Molly Robinson

4 5

Section 4: Background and Theorectical position p.26-29 Owen Thomas

Section 5: How does it relate to Dementia Facilities p.32-35 Megan Raw

Bil

Bibliography + List of Figures p.38-40

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Introductions: Owen Thomas

Maggie’s Centre Newcastle

Introductions: Owen Thomas

Introduction

Location

Building Profile

Building Brief

Disclaimer

Freeman Hospital Melville Grov Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7NU

Area: 300 m² Year: 2013 Architects: Cullinan Studio Landscape Architect: Sarah Price Landscapes Lighting: Speirs + Major

The Maggie’s trust contacted Cullinan Studio to work on their 12th cancer care centre, located in Newcastle.

The centres are always located in proximity with a hospital facility and aim to provide a learning and community space separate from the hospital.

It is important to remember that for our studio we are designing a dementia facility. Maggie’s Centres are not for dementia, they are specifically for cancer care. They also do not include accommodation and are primarily places for community and learning.

The aim of each centre is to produce an environment that utilises materials, light and nature to bring people together and improve their quality of life. They are built to challenge the pre-conceived ideas of care facilities and hospitals and incorporate beautiful and unique architectural features.

However what we learn from the Maggie’s Centres is important and relevant. They rely on designing around natural light, natural materials, green views and accessible gardens, whilst also challenging the institutional nature of care centre facilities. All are important aspects to consider when understanding dementia friendly design.

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Section 1: Max Wu

Section 1: Max Wu

Section 1: Link between the case study and Studio Specific Criteria.

Design Concept

Location C an cer P atien ts

C are C o m fo rt D aylig h t W elco m e N atu re W arm

Homely

D em en tia P atien ts

H ope

Figure 1

H o m e ly S o cia l S p a ce A tm o sp h e re

N u rtu rin g

The maggie's Centres The organisation Maggie's Centres is named after Maggie Keswick Jencks. Jencks was a writer, artist and garden designer who lived with advanced cancer for two years, during which she used her experience to create a blueprint for a new type of care. The result is Maggie's Centres which are built around her belief that “people should not lose the joy of living in the fear of dying.” She believed buildings have the ability to uplift people, and co-founded the project before she died in 1995. (Wikipedia)

Maggie’s cancer care centres offer social, emotional and practical support to people with cancer, their friends and families.

Figure 5

The requirements between patients Figure 3 Figure 4 Maggie's Newcastle, Freeman Hospital, Melville Grove, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7NU

There are 19 centres currently in the UK, all built in the grounds of NHS cancer hospitals, as well as one in Hong Kong, with seven new facilities in the process of construction. All provide free practical, social and emotional support to patients with cancer, as well as to their family and friends.

Although cancer patients and dementia patients are two different groups of people, the design concepts based on these two different diseases are partly similar. For sick patients, there is nothing more important than hope and comfort. Therefore, it is very important to design a friendly community for patients, rather than stressful and rigid traditional medical facilities.

Healthy The centre is set amidst banked wild flower gardens at ground level, with two additional roof gardens on top.

Services provided

Figure 6

C a n ce r S u p p o rt

Get free one-to-one help and information from our professional team or join groups and activities that are right for you.

Figure 2 The maggie's Centres Newcastle

A ca lm in g sp a ce

Come in for a cup of tea, meet people who understand what you're going through or just take a moment to gather your thoughts.

H o sp ita l a u xilia ry se rvice s

We're the ones with an unusual roof opposite the Northen Centre for Cancer Care.

According to Dr Ellen Fisher, vice president of academic affairs and dean of the New York School of Interior Design, who was quoted in an article on cancer.net: ”an environment designed using the principles of evidence-based design can improve the patient experience and enable patients to heal faster, and better."

Eco-Friendly

"Design elements such as a comfortable place for the family in the patient’s room, a sink in the room, control over lighting, temperature, and air flow, all assist in healing," she added. "The design of the physical environment also has a substantial impact on the caregivers through creating more efficient and productive work areas, better support in the patient rooms, and the proper design of settings to mitigate medical error.”

C le a n En e rg y

Maggie’s Newcastle creates a south facing courtyard which maximises passive solar heating,The roof is formed to collect sunlight and transform it into energy.

Figure 7

MAX WU

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Section 1: Max Wu

Social space

Daylight

Garden P u b lic K itch en

Section 1: Max Wu

Eco friendly N

Roof Garden

N M e e tin g Room

Roof Garden

S o lar p an e l

Lib rary

En tran ce

M e e tin g Room

M eetin g Room

Maggie's Newcastle designed all public spaces in a southfacing direction, and they are well connected with the outdoor garden.

Material

Seasonally Garden Planted banks

Planted banks

Figure 11 The scheme is built on the premise that a relationship with the natural environment is crucial. Grassy banks planted with flowering perennials transform the difficult car park site and slope around the centre on all sides. These banks provide shelter to the south-facing courtyard, creating a warm haven.

S u n p ath

Figure 16 The roof not only accommodates two open-air garden spaces, but also a number of photovoltaic panels, which generate a proportion of the centre’s power and make the building very low-energy. Low energy design informed the very first moves of this Maggie’s centre.

The plan shape was designed like L-shaped with square column located at the corner of the L shape. The entrance of the house is in the centered column and the first will be notice is the oval angled roof covered with solar panels. These angled roof allows more neutral light to get inside the building. The interior of the centre is designed to feel welcoming. "It is unlike a clinical environment, " says David Wallace. "It feels very domestic"

Figure 8. Wood

Figure 9. Clay tiles Figure 10 The building radically transforms the hospital site. Materials are chosen to be warm and tactile (timber and clay tiles), and calm (concrete), relaxing and at the same time its eco-friendly.

Figure 12. Roof Garden

Figure 13. Seasonally Garden

Figure 17 & 18 Maggie’s Newcastle creates a south facing courtyard which maximises passive solar heating, with heavily insulated north walls and roof, and an exposed structural frame that stores heat-energy put into the building. The roof is formed to collect sunlight and transform it into energy. At first the architect didn’t want to use these panels, but then he use it to integral with architecture and make the building genuinely eco-friendly .

The roof garden is furnished with a bowling green and fixed exercise equipment for those feeling energetic. It is surrounded by an elegant clipped beech hedge which provides some privacy and changes colour with the seasons from green in summer, to golden brown in winter, chiming with the corten steel cladding around the roof perimeter.

Figure 14 &15 Interior light

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Section 2: Nigel Wong Tsz Fung

Section 2: Nigel Wong Tsz Fung/ Simulation completed by Molly Robinson

Environmental analysis

June: Sunny 9am - 12pm - 16pm - 18pm

Jan 9am windspeed

Jan 9am Radiant temperature

Case study site vs Design site

December: Sunny 9am - 12pm - 14pm

Velux Daylight simulation

The generous common room space is a delight and clearly forms the central core of the building mass. However this level of glazing from one side of the building could have unintended effects on dementia patient.

1. Excess amount of sun light could agitate dementia patients 2. Dramatic shadow casted on floors and wall may confuse dementia patients 3. Sudden change in daylight level due to light coming in from one side of the building may exacebrate ‘sundowning’ effect

Jan 12pm windspeed

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Jan 12pm Radiant temperature

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Section 3: Molly Robinson

Section 3: Climate

1 Wind Stepping Effect Continuously rising objects/building heights divert wind over the top of the courtyard, meaning that it is more sheltered.

Section 3: Molly Robinson

2 Shading

5 Shape and Orientation The building responds to the forces of sun and time. Its L shape orientation and angled roof ensures daylight can enter the building.

The building sites within landscaped banks under a planted roof which helps to shelter the entrances and courtyard from windy conditions as well as maximises passive solar heating.

The roof incorporates solar panels and its angle ensures that maximum sunlight will hit the panels and transform it into energy.

5

4

1 2

3 6

3 Natural Ventilation Cross ventilation occurs when there is pressure differences from one side of the building and other, in this case the wind comes in from the south west and brought out on the lower pressured sides. Is is effective for this building as it is narrow.

4 Evaporation on Green Plants regulate their temperature by controlling the amount of water evaporating from their leaves. The effects cool down the ambient air.

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6 Thermal Massing The building has concrete walls, roof and floor. Concrete is a good material for high thermal mass as it absorb unwanted heat during the day and then release it at night with the help of ventilation from night air. This means that the there is little fluctuations in temperature.

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Section 3: Molly Robinson

Green Roof and Thermal Insulation

Section 3: Molly Robinson

What more can be done?

Climate change

Diagram demonstrating the global rising temperature between 1850-2019

Benefits of a Green Roof Convection heat transfer with ambient air

Mass heat transfer (evaporation)

Climate Change in the UK RAINIER WINTERS

Green roofs are a system that greatly improves the function of conventional insulation material, reducing demands for heating whilst maintaining a constant and comfortable temperature throughout the seasons. The vegetation layer creates a passive layer of air immediately above the roof surface. Without a green roof, wind (hot or cold)blows across the roof surface to either heat or chill it through the process of convection.

1

Rain falls onto roof, any falling on the slanted roof falls onto flat roof.

2

Rainwater is filtered as it leaves the roof and is distributed to tanks in bathrooms.

4

When harvested rainwater is used up, the tank reverts back to mains water.

Solar radiation heat addition

R

ER

M

AR W

The vegetation means that 1) heating or cooling equipment does not have to respond to the ‘peak’ loads at mid-day or mid-night, and 2) the overall heat transferred through the roof is reduced.

DE

L CO

Reflected solar radiation

ER

Long-wave radiation heat transfer to sky/ atmosphere

Head absorbed or released by high mass layers

Conduction heat transfer through roof system

Heat generated indoors by bodies, lights etc.

LD CO

ER

RM WA

The benefits associated with shading, reduction in wind-related losses, and are the most important. For this reason, it is impossible to regard green roofs as equivalent to conventional insulation materials. It is much more useful to think of green roofs as systems that greatly improve the function of conventional insulation materials.

3

The rainwater is used to flush toilets.

Maggie Centres and Climate change

HOTTER SUMMERS

Maggie Centres such as Ted Cullinan’s in Newcastle, are generally environmentally conscious buildings which fit into their surrounding areas but there are many other things which could be implemented into their designs to make the buildings more environmentally friendly. Dementia care facilities can learn lots from Maggie centres and the environmentally conscious decisions they make with their designs, yet it can be acknowledged that unlike Maggie Centres which have a lot of funding Dementia Facilities are generally NHS buildings with smaller budgets so it would be difficult, but even aspects like green roofs and water systems into roofing.

Similar to the rest of the UK, climate change will affect Newcastle’s weather, by making it warmer and wetter. But it will be affected more prominently by the increase of rain and certain areas will be more prone to flooding.

Section Three: Environment

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Section 4: Owen Thomas

Section 4: Background and Theoretical Position

Maggie and Charles Jenks

Section 4: Owen Thomas

Multiple Entrances

A Get-away In a Car Park

When visiting a Maggie’s centre the idea is that people are able to easily connect with nature. Therefore as many rooms as possible should have the ability to access the outdoors.

Maggie’s Centres aim to be buildings that inspire support between users, and provide uplifting and comfortable environments.

Cullinan Studio

Maggie and Charles Jenks were the founding couple of the Maggie’s Centre initiative. The pair were writers, designers and landscape architects.

Edward Horder Cullinan was an English architect, who set up his practice in 1965 in Islington. His practice has always aimed to incorporate sustainability into the buildings they design, and as a result they tend to be “long life, low energy”.

When Maggie was diagnosed with cancer in 1988 the two spent time reflecting upon the hospital environment they were in. The facility was dark and institutional, with long windowless corridors and dull materials, the type of environment one would associate with hospital and care facilities. They decided they needed to use their skills and experience to create a more positive and helpful environment for people in their position.

They believe our cities are undergoing rapid changes. More than three-quarters of the world’s population now live in urban areas and our relationship with the natural world is becoming increasingly out of balance. They believe this impact on public health, human creativity and social equality is overwhelming.

At Cullinan Studio, they believe the natural world has the capacity to meet our needs and enrich our lives. And by restoring the connection between people and nature both will thrive.

What are Maggie’s Centres?

The idea for Maggie’s Centres was born out of the Jenk’s personal struggle with cancer. Every Maggie’s is thoughtfully designed to be calming and welcoming. They are places free from the institutional nature we associate with health care, and offer individual and unique interpretations of what these environments could look like. Each architect who is invited to work on a centre is given the same brief, with the freedom to create the space in the way they best see fit, resulting in fascinating differences in architectural style and flair, yet always a welcoming home-away-from-home.

The first Maggie’s Centre for cancer care was finished in 1996, located in Edinburgh. Today there are currently 30 world wide, with the majority in the UK. The aim is to have a Maggie’s connected to every major hospital in the country.

Heart of the Home?

Maggie’s usually aim to have the kitchen as the first point of contact upon entry. This particular building opens into a common library area, however there is a visual connection to the kitchen, which may make the space feel safer.

The challenge for this particular design was to create such a space in the middle of a hospital car park.

Practice Ethos 1. Health giving buildings - Use natural materials, daylight, fresh air and access to nature to make us all healthier, happier and more productive 2. Design for circular economy - Do not throw away what we have built as though it is rubbish, and design new buildings for the long term that will not become tomorrow’s rubbish 3. Promote ‘mixed-up’ cities - Bring the natural world to everyone’s doorstep to foster engaged, socially diverse communities. Design cities that can help feed themselves 4. Re-imagine our streets - The changes promised by a mobility revolution create an opportunity for us to design streets that include nature, weaving a natural grid for the city

“We work with some of the best architects in the world to design our centres because we know that light, colour and a connection to nature can help people to feel better”

Private and Social Spaces Finding the balance between social and private spaces is key when aiming to accommodate all types of people.

“Natural materials, daylight, fresh air and access to nature to make us all healthier, happier and more productive” A View of Green From Every Room

Positive

Un-institutional

Remove Stigma Welcoming

Learning

Connect to Nature Open

Continuing the theme of connection to nature, every room should have a visual point of access to some green.

Healing

In this building only the office area does not, instead overlooking the car park. This may be necessary, however if possible connection from every point should be attempted.

Companionship Joyful

Homely

Maggie’s. (2020). Accessed 16 Dec 2020. Available at: https://www.maggies.org/

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Different Green Uses

Low Energy

Community

Keep Up With Change Daylight

Natural Materials

Urban Architecture No Waste Balance

Insulating Hill

Health Fresh Air

Connect to Nature

Cullinan Studio. (2020). About Us. https://www.cullinanstudio.com/about-us

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Vegetation

Grass

Healing Gardens

Section 4: Owen Thomas

Healing gardens are of key importance to the Maggie’s Centre design, and can be carried over to dementia friendly design as well.

Upon entering this centre visitors are welcomed into a central, double height library space (libraries are a feature of all Maggie’s Centres). From there the building splits into an L shape, on way leading to the kitchen, the other to communal activity area. From any of these room visual and physical access to a central courtyard, therapeutic garden is available. The south facing courtyard is enveloped by a grassy bank providing seating and shade. Carefully chosen plants change with the season and match the materiality of the building. A rooftop garden also provides an activity area with a bowling green and a small, fixed equipment exercise space.

Inclusive Materials The materiality of this building was chosen to be conducive of a calming and homely environment. This is another key feature in dementia friendly design.

Section 4: Owen Thomas

Reflecting and Harnessing Nature

Material Insulation

Cullinan Studio practices with the particular intent of connecting people with nature through architecture.

The walls facing north are heavily insulated, and an exposed concrete structural frame stored heat energy collected by the building.

With this in mind, the architecture itself should be meshed with nature and reflect it wherever possible.

The buildings orientation, specific vegetation, and structural materials are all considered in order to reflect and harness the natural environment.

Maggie’s Newcastle creates a south facing courtyard which maximises passive solar heating. The roof is angled to maximise expose to sunlight, and the photovoltaic panels covering this circular area of the roof provide natural energy to the building.

Warm and tactile materials such as timber and clay give a sense of nature trough the design, and the exposed concrete structure is cool and calming. This is a cohesive palette, however for dementia friendly design consideration of contrast between materials would need to be more carefully considered to avoid visual strain and to aid spatial perception.

Roof Insulation The green roof allows for a thick layer of grass and soil to act as a natural insulation directly above the ground floor rooms.

Natural Light When entering the building the visibility created by its open plan nature is striking. The double height library space allows for full height windows, and smaller pocket lights flood light in from the mezzanine level. The visual connection between spaces also allows for a sense of safety and connection between rooms, and improves the flow of movement.

However for a dementia specific design more consideration would have to be done on how to regulate the amount and intensity of natural light able to enter the building.

Green Insulation The green hill envelopes the exterior of the northern perimeter of the building, also creating natural insulation, whilst also providing seating and shade around the perimeter of the courtyard.

A Safe and Enjoyable Environment Finally a safe and enjoyable environment is created by having visual connection between rooms, open and light spaces, and a green buffer between the building and the road.

For a public building with both open and private rooms, retaining views to nature from each space allows for a sense of security in each room and avoids creating dark or claustrophobic rooms. Visual connection and exposure to natural light also helps with general good mood and well-being.

The green buffer cuts the building off from the noise of the road/car park and creates a hub of tranquillity enveloped by nature.

North

ArchDaily. (14 Aug 2013). Maggie’s Newcastle / Cullinan Studio. Accessed 16 Dec 2020. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinan-studio

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Section 5: How does it relate to dementia facilities?

Environmental strategy : Maggie Centre Newcastle

The use of timber by both buildings is very envionmentally efficient: - regulates tempertature making it good for all weather - lots of insulation in North side - stores the heat from cold Nothern wind - more pleasant to be in - some dementia patients struggle to regulate body temperature

Section 5: Megan Raw

Maggie Centre Newcastle

Section 5: Megan Raw

Courtyards

Maggie Centre Newcastle

Green roof:

Newcastle’s Maggie centre has used a large south facing courtyard to maximise sunlight into the building, allowing passive solar heating making the building more environmentally friendly.

The North facades are built into the landscape and have heavily insulated walls, meaning the building isn’t as affected by the southwest winds.

Figure 1 & 2: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

Meadow View specialist dementia residential care centre Matlock, Enlgand Figure 3: Meadow View Figure 8: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

The green roof used on the Maggie centre in Newcastle is not only aesthetically beeneficial but also is great for the environment, further making this making sustainable with its use of renewables.

Both use very natural materials: Timber and concrete, and timber and sandstone - designed to be calm and tactile

Figure 4: Diagram showing envionmental analysis

Other dementia care homes do not have the same attention to their envionmental stratergies, with many precedents based in Newcastle having this brick cladding.

Orchard Mews - Newcastle

Sutherland Court - Newcastle

Figure 5: Orchard Mews, Newcastle

Figure 6: Sutherland Court, Newcastle

A simplier choice of materials has been used, with brick or brick cladding having a less envionmentally friendly strategy to that used in the Newcastle Maggie Centre. The use of brick however may benefit dementia patients as it may remind them of their homes, helping them to feel more comfortable. Overall, it seems this focus of using envionmetally friendly materials does not seem as important in current dementia facilties.

Solar panels:

- The green roof reduces enery costs by absorbing heat and stopping it from escaping - It removes air particulates, absorbs carbon and produces oxygen, creating a naturally sutainable roof.

- It also folds new plants and flowers that change through out the year and can be visited from the first floor, meaning it creates a space for the public to go and benefit from.

Figure 10: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

Figure 11: Floor plan showing courtyard and site

De Hogeweyk De Hogeweyk uses a similar idea of the courtyard spaces, however it uses multiple spaces that allow the patients to have seperate ‘households’. The use of wandering spaces outside is very important for dementia patients, with a continous path very very beneficial. These courtyards offer some shading, which may be better for dementia patients as it will help the patients to to regulate their temperature better.

This idea is both practical and aesthetically beneficial, which could also help dementia patients to get outside more, aslong as there was a clear route to walk around it.

Figure 7: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

The Maggie centre uses these solar panels to tranform the suns energy into electricity, helping to make the building even more sustainable. The roof is slanted to maximise the amount of sun that it gets, facing the south side. This further shows their importance of creating a sustainable building for a maggie centre.

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Although this design is good both for the evironment and for the patients who will experience a very light space, the lack of shading from the direct sunlight could possibly be an issue for dementia patients.Also, although the courtyard provides a nice area to sit and walk around, a more structured wandering pathway might be needed if it were a dementia facility.

Figure 12: De Hogeweyk, Netherlands

Figure 13: Floor plan showing courtyard spaces

Figure 9: Diagram showing green roof structure

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Materiality Maggie Centre - Newcastle

Section 5: Megan Raw

Light Orchard Mews - Newcastle

Section 5: Megan Raw

Spatial Design Maggie Centre Newcastle

Maggie Centre Newcastle The importance of light in the Maggie Centre is clear, helping to create a calm and relaxing space.

The architects have said that there is a huge importance of linking the indoors with the natural envionment, which these windows help to do. For a dementia home however, these windows may create too intense shadows, which could cofnuse the patients into thinking it is hole or something to walk over.

Andanchi Residence - Japan Private/public: The layout of the private and public spaces are quite mixed, providing a nice, community feel to the Maggie Centre.

However, in a dementia facility this would casue issues, as the dementia patients may try to enter the private, staff spaces. Therefore, dementia facilities tend to seperate their pivate and public spaces and also hide and camauflage staff doors so dementia patients are less likely to try and enter them.

Figure 22: Andanchi Residence, Japan

Pathways:

Figure 18: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

Meadow View - Matlock

Figure 14 & 15: Maggie Centre, Newcastle

Internal Materiality: Very neautral colours are used which the architect has said was done to create a calming space. However, there is very little contrast between the different facades such as the floor and the wall, making it difficult to distinguish between the two. As Maggie Centres are places for cancer patients rather than dementia patients, the same importance to interior materials and colours is not as present. Dementia patients can often find it difficult to distingush between different colours and surfaces, which gives the materaility this importance. Despite this, cancer patients can also suffer from impared vision, so this design is not really suitable for this purpose either. It is clear in the materiality indoors, the aesthetics have been put above practicality and safety.

Bad design of corridors:

GROUND FLOOR

In the Maggie Centre, the public pathways were anyone can go in and around the building lead to some dead ends. Where this is okay for cancer patients, dementia patients however may get stuck at dead-ends and not know how to get back from there. This is also seen outside, with a large open space creating a nice space to wander whereever which is nice for the purpose of this builing, however dementia patients need structured spaces with pathways to help guide them along.

This design of the corridors in this dementia home creates a very negative space. The fact there are doors on both sides creates a double loaded corridor, which can make the space more confusing for dementia patients as they might get lost as to where they’re going and where they’re coming from. The dead end at the bottom of the corridor could also lead to patients being stuck, and so a better design of a more interactive and bending corridor would have been much more benefitical.

Figure 16 & 17: Orchard Mews, Newcastle

In this dementia centre in Newcastle, the importance of differing colours and materials are shown. The carpets and the walls are different colours, with a white skirting board which seperates the two surfaces making it easier for dementia patients to understand the space. Although this look is not as aesthetically pleasing, the benefits to the wellbeing and health of the patients is much greater, making this precedent a good example of showing how practicality over aesthetics is important in dementia care facilities.

This dementia facility further shows the importance of lighting for the patients, with the sky light adding light to what could be a dark space. The glass folding doors allow a lot of light to come in, whislt also making it easier for dementia patients to access the outdoors which is very beneficial for them.

However, the sky lights may also create the same issue of intense, harsh shadowing.

Figure 19 & 20, Meadow View, Matlock

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The Roker and Mowbray Dementia Care Unit - Sunderland

FIRST FLOOR

This dementia facility shows a much better use of corridor design. It makes the corridors more interactive by having drawings and plants, and the doors being on only one side makes it much easier for dementia patients to find their way through the building. There is also a large map drawn on the walls, helping patients to find their way to their rooms through their old home locations. The corridors go in different directions, making them less intense and meaning there are no dead-ends for patients to get stuck at.

Figure 21: Floor plans of Maggie Centre showing layout of spaces

Figure 23: The Eoker and Mowbray Dementia Unit, Sunderland

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