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PORTFOLIO NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY - STAGE 3

L E G A C I E S OF M O D E R N I S M

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM HIZKIA WIDYANTO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND LANDSCAPE STAGE 3 GRADUATION PROJECT 2019/2020

DIGITAL SYNTHESIS REVIEW BOARD

CONTENT

REFLECTION 6 PRIMER

8

SPATIAL EXPLORATION AND INTRODUCTION TO MODERNISM

STAGING 19 SITE AND THEME EXPLORATION

REALISATION 43 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

SYNTHESIS 63 FINAL DRAWING

BIBLIOGRAPHY 91

REFLECTION This portfolio is showing my year 3 design project at Newcastle university.

I always designed in mind imagining as if this was a real project and it helps me to work more earnestly. The overall working process is about asking myself as the designer, what program was I designing? Where is the site? Who am I designing it for? I figure out that these questions are key for every project in the future of my career cause architecture cannot be separated from the context and use of the building.

Good architecture is when the program was accommodated well, while great architecture changes people’s life.

In real life, architecture project consist of many layers and involve many people from the different provision.

The course helps us to take a grasp of those layers through other modules such as integrated technology and professional practice. While it can be treated as extra work on top of the design module, personally it helps me to see the project through different perspective and help to improve the quality of the design.

Getting into the legacies of modernism studio brings me to understand what is modernism. Modernism on its own is a philosophical movement that what to bring a better way of living to people by optimizing functionality. Theory into practice has helped me to understand the perspective of modernist architect in seeing architecture and how postmodern architect sees and use modernist design concept and bring it

to be relevant and accepted by the society. Nikken Sekkei use an asymmetrical grid in their design of Tohogakuen school of music to create dynamic movement. This idea was first introduced by Mies Van De Rohe. His most popular work that has this concept is the Barcelona pavilion, however, interpreted differently by the current architect.

Fig.1 Tohogakuen School of Music - Elevation

Understanding this process thought, bring me to my own perception on modernism and try to intersect the idea of modernism with synthesia musical notation that inspired by deep analysis of music notation as part of the building program. Then I do the exploration on how to express this spatially through some models and sketches and found out the design language created has similarity or alignment with Mies Van De Rohe Barcelona Pavilion to certain extend.

Another thing that the course improves my learning experience was through thinking through making week that made us work with building material and understanding the nature of those materials. During this process, I decided to use concrete as my main structural system.

The most struggle for me in designing this project is during realisation stage on arranging the plan which went through multiple iterations to find the most logical composition of the columns that follow the grid but still have ‘randomize’ feeling to it from the abstract linear compositions. In

Spatial Sketches

addition, integrating building regulation part B, K and M into the building involve in changing some of the composition of the hanging platform and seethrough area in the building. Accommodating fire exits, access by both ramp and stairs in multiple access point and corridor due to slight level change.

However, this satisfies me as both normal or movement impaired people has the same accessibility throughout my designed building.

gradually change and still evolving in my pursue and involvement in architecture project in the future. Though this portfolio marks my end of part 1 RIBA architecture program, I still have a long path in becoming / maturing my design which I believe is a long-life journey. That said, I take pride in my work and the process that I took until this point of my architecture journey.

The hard work and thinking process that I get from this course has shaped me into a though and creative person.

Professional practice helps me to understand that in real-world architecture is not only about designing but there also relationships with other professions such as interacting with the client, safety procedure, construction procedure, and impact on society.

This opens my eyes on what competency is expected from an architect, a job that I want to achieve.

Coming April 2020, the world pandemic COVID-19 spread to UK which causes lockdown and interrupt the working process of the whole universities student. This condition not only affecting inefficiency in workflow, but also physically and mentally damaging a lot of people, including myself. There is some more exploration, especially in model making and casting that I want to do but lost access to. Nevertheless, the tutors and university still try to help the students as much as they could which I really appreciated.

My point of view about architecture since start studying in the UK has

Final project spatial view.

P R I M E R

Started in 1917 this concept of art approach new language of the modern era with a simplification of form and usage of color. The art movement not only was approached in common art forms such as painting and sculpture, but also into literature, product design, interior, to architecture. Contra-Construction by Theo van Doesburg is one of painting that explores spatial quality with a goal to integrate the ideas and philosophies of De Stijl and architecture in order to design the IDEAL MODERN HOME .

The idea is still very abstract and pictured as INFINITE SPACE .

As part of spatial research in further design project, I choose this particular drawing as material to explore infinite space that it created. Creating our own interpretation in 3D physical model with 3 languages of a PLANE, FRAME AND VOLUME: combination of both or all 3 LANGUAGE ; in 100 x 100 x 100 mm cubic form.

8. PRIMER

Fig.2 Contra-Construction, Theo van Doesburg

LANGUAGE EXPLORATION

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

PLANAR

Planar can be interpreted in many different ways, wall, partition, floor, or roof. In architecture language exploration, this means ‘exaggeration’ of these elements to make it dominant. In order to achieve that, between 2 elements, the interaction is included intersection and pierce through.

However, what makes this almost unlimited combination is because depending on the material, the shape of each plane, and type of connection, the whole thing would change.

Planar exploration model

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

LANGUAGE EXPLORATION

PRIMER

9.

FRAME

Frame language is often used as a guide / pattern with characteristic of thin volume and small surface area. In 3 dimentional compositions frame can be used to mark a volume or a plane. In real architecture project, frame often seen as a structure, support system, or moulding system to held up volume / planes. Atmospherically it givelightest feeling compared to the other language model.

10. PRIMER

Frame exploration model

LANGUAGE EXPLORATION

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

VOLUME Volume in general refer to 3 simentional shape, which enclosed by surface, in other words, volume is the space. In this exploration, I looked at how the volumes interact with each other. Interaction of space includes: addition, Subtraction, intersection, and many more. This explain that volume doesn’t always defined by space that was enclosed with surface. Instead, each treatment of the volume itself can be vary and subtitued with frame and planar.

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

LANGUAGE EXPLORATION

PRIMER

11.

FINAL MODEL

Design sequence of 20x20 abstract Primer Cube.

12. PRIMER

LANGUAGE EXPLORATION

After research on the 3 languages, in the final model, it is required to apply all three languages as part of the abstract cube design.

Personally, I more interested in a volumetric language, which will be more dominant in the language usage of the model. However, how I treat it, I imagine 200 x 200 x 200 mm cube consists of many cubes inside it. Later on, each smaller cube treated uniquely and create interaction with other small cubes. Addition, negative space, planar, frame, and exposure are the approach to make the final model. This creates multilayer of perspective because not only outside volume that exposed but also internal space which usually unnoticed yet rich.

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

FINAL MODEL

13.

COMPOSITE DRAWING

Composite drawing exploration

The composite drawing was arranged by layering the section and elevation of the cube. This creates an abstract drawing, which could be translated into different kind of spaces.

The composite drawing was used to help initiate the design process in various stages into the project.

Cube’s Section and elevation

14.

PRIMER

COMPOSITE DRAWING

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

LANGUAGE EXPLORATION

PRIMER

EXHIBITION

Exhibition installation

Exhibition by the end of the primer, which showcases the legacies of modernism studio theme exploration. 200 x 200 mm cube was put at the entrance where the composite drawing was set up as a partition that hangs in the air. This allows the visitor to walk in between the drawings.

16. PRIMER

Composite drawing

EXHIBITION

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

EXHIBITION

PRIMER

17.

Modernist architecture born in 1865 initiated with the industrial revolution. It not only marked a new era of living but also influencing new movement in many aspects of life such as arts, music, and especially architecture. Some of the most well known architects in this movement are Bauhaus, Adolf Louis, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Mies Van de Rohe.

Nowadays modernism is commonly known as an architectural style, however, it is not exactly true because it’s rather a philosophical movement with the intention to bring a new way of life. In architecture, I translate life as time, place and people because depending on these aspects it makes every architecture project unique and different. Architect needs to deeply understand this as the design’s impact is beyond the client and architect but also the society where the building is located. So modernist architecture is building that was designed with an idea to bring a better life for people.

“IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO GO FORWARD WHILE LOOKING BACK” – MIES VAN DE ROHE Concrete and glass are materials that identic covering modernist building and often considered unpleasing for some people.

However, that is the response of modernist architects to fully understood in creating an experience with those materials. The material shouldn’t be treated as a construction tool but rather an instrument to orchestrate an Experience.

“NO DESIGN IS POSSIBLE UNTIL THE MATERIAL WITH WHICH YOU DESIGN ARE COMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD” – MIES VAN DE ROHE I believe there is no one-way in designing a building. Modernism introduces guidelines for architects but it is not applicable for every designer and situation. Nikken sekkei architect shows me how to use the modernist idea as a tool / media in designing while changing public’s perspective about modernism that build against the context and nature.

“THE GOOD BUILDING IS NOT ONE THAT HURTS THE LANDSCAPE, BUT ONE WHICH MAKES THE LANDSCAPE MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN IT WAS BEFORE THE BUILDING WAS BUILT” –FRANK LLYOD WRIGHT

MANIFESTO - HIZKIA WIDYANTO 2020

STAGING Starting the project, this chapter will tell about my exploration on understanding the site of Newcastle Upon Tyne, its history about modernism, and music and how it contribute in Newcastle. Understanding these aspects give me insight on the projectand what I can do as a designer to contribute in it.

“AS AN ARCHITECT YOU DESIGN FOR THE PRESENT WITH AN AWARENESS OF THE PAST FOR A FUTURE ...” - NORMAN FOSTER

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

MODERNISM OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE

Modernism in Newcastle Upon Tyne is highly related with the politic story as it was a vision of former mayor T. Dan Smith with the idea to fix the problems of an overcrowded terrace, slums, and inappropriate infrastructure at the time. His vision and power during his run as a mayor bring a new breath to Newcastle.

However, the achievements were tainted with his corruption along with architect John Poulson in 1962. The impact of this cause bias view on modernism, which concrete monstrosities by the people.

Multi-level city was a spatial idea where allows people to through underpasses and behind buildings, bridges across motorways, and different experience of exposure to the street. It was the exact opposite of the classical view from the grey street which are in minutes walking distance. However, since the corruption occurred, the projects were stopped and causing unfinished dangling suspended concrete walkway that leads to nowhere. Spatially become very interesting spaces but it also causes the potential for crime, confusion and accessibility problem.

Modernism changed the city of New- castle for better or worse, however, the current situation is that the best of it should be kept as a memento of history.

Legacies of Modernism in Newcastle Collage

20. STAGING

SITE CONTEXT

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Multi Level walkway and Manors car parking

Floating ramp to upper platforms

Dark tunnel and Vandalism on buildings

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Walk way that leads to nowhere.

SITE CONTEXT

STAGING

21.

NEWCASTLE TODAY

NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE

Today, Newcastle Upon Tyne is one of the biggest city in the UK, but, the main economic income has changed from coal mining to education and universities. With the change in economy, it brings new things into the city while leave the trace of history. Architecturally, Newcastle has various different architecture typology.

Some of the major style are neo-classical buildings, Modernism and new post-modern buildings. When traveling through newcastle it gives insight of the history of the building and bring excitement for the future.

Fig. Newcastle Site map

22. STAGING

SITE CONTEXT

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

POPULATION IN NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE

Local Population : 260.8k people University Students : ± 42k

people

LEVEL OF QUALIFICATION

The Cathalyst

55 Degree North

North East Region Grey’s Street

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

SITE CONTEXT

Newcastle Upon Tyne

STAGING

23.

Civic Center

Newcastle City Hall

Into Eldon Square

Manors Multi Storey Car park

55 Degrees North

Newcastle City Council

Centtral Station

Monument

The Sage

The Pearl Kathryn Lowdon

Design Site Grey’s Monument

Commercial Union House

Manors Multi Storey Car Park

55 Degrees North | Metro Radio

St. Nicholas Cathedral Central Station Sage Gateshead Existing modernist building in Newcastle Important Landmark in Newcastle

TEXT

24. STAGING

Music Related Building

SITE CONTEXT

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

This is the local planning of the area around the site, City center and Pligrim Street by Newcastle City Council, with development for the future 20102030. In the map (figure. ) it shows the desired façade program for shopping area at the monument, which are Northumberland street and Eldon Square Shopping Center, and extend it to the pilgrim street area, which is just across the project site (Newcastle City Council, 2015). The project responds to this by giving high quality open public space that will give wide atmosphere that was shown by the surrounding area. In addition, as part of the master plan, the food court will exist on the project site, which will give a reason for people to go to the project site and creating a connection between the public and the site to create a sense of community in the city center. As part of the desired sense of the site, Newcastle city council want to bring ”DIVERSE CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE OF THE CENTRAL SUB-AREA CREATES A STRONG SENSE OF PLACE”.

People’s Movement

Design Site Main road / Circulation Shopping Facade Green Space Public Transport

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

SITE CONTEXT

STAGING

25.

APARTMENTS

BUSSINESS AND SHOPS

NORTHUMBERLAND STREET 26. STAGING

SITE CONTEXT

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

DESIGN SITE OFFICES

PILGRIM STREET LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

SITE CONTEXT

This collage show specifically what is around the design site in the area and briefly show the function of the buildings. As one of the most argueably busy area in Newcastle, the variant of program exist around the design site which start from commercial to private spaces.

STAGING

27.

STUDY CASE PARIS

The study trip is part of the study and exploration of modernism by visiting Paris and building designed by Le Corbusier, one of the most rated Architect in his time. I took part during the visit to Maison Le Roche, LeCorbusier’s Studio Apartment and Villa Savoye. During this trip, I learn about the early work of Le Corbusier’s manifesto, 5 points of architecture, translated into his designs.

Fig.3 Legacies of Modernism Studio

28. STAGING

Sketches during the trip

STUDY CASE

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Maison La Roche, Atrium

Maison La Roche, Bedroom

Villa Savoye, Living room

Villa Savoye, main ramp

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Fig.4 Le Corbusier’s Studio Apartment

Fig.5 Le Corbusier’s Studio Apartment

STUDY CASE

STAGING

29.

REPORT VILLA SAVOYE (STRUCTURE) Primary structure in Villa Savoye is PILOTIS CONCRETE COLUMN to raise the main building from the ground. Le Corbusier believed “ the building had to be raised 3-6 meters so that the Villa Savoye could be removed from soil therefore, introducing it to light and air.” By raising the building it also opens the space below the villa which is intended to let cars, to be able to access the underneath part of the building.

Although Le Corbusier intention to use 100% concrete, in that time, there is still only a little knowledge to fully utilise concrete so the wall still made out of bricks which will be covered in cement and make a clean surface.

THE ARRANGEMENT OF COLUMN ARE FOLLOWING A GRID SYSTEM that Le

Corbusier introduces. However not the entire column placed in the main grid, instead some of the columns within the building a little offset which create a secondary grid. The secondary grid is in a rhythm of 1⁄2 or 1⁄4 distance between the main grids. Another reason for the offset pilotis, people suggest that Le Corbusier want to utilize the STRUCTURE NOT ONLY

A STRUCTURAL SYSTEM BUT ALSO TAKE PART IN DESIGN.

Construction process of villa savoye

30. STAGING

VIlla Savoye floor plan

STUDY CASE

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

In this picture, the column act as a SPACE DEFINER in the bedroom. The column emphesize the position of the bed in the master bedroom with a distance between 2 of them will fit exactly a kingsize bed.

In this picture, the structure is to act as a SPACE DEFINER. Space inside the ‘frame’ is the main / most valuable space, which feels as like the main stage for the room. On the other hand, the space outside it, feels as like the ‘viewer’ space. This is because of the beam across the room.

2 columns and a beam will create an arch which often just seen as a structure, however, Le Corbusier use the structure as a WELCOME POINT and as a threshold between the outside and inside space.

At outdoor experience, the column act as a GUIDE for car’s path, which will end at garage. With this, the car will go in the direction and way of what Le Corbusier want and able to experience the whole building at the moment of entry.

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

STUDY CASE

STAGING

31.

1

4 A

3

B

6 2

5

8 7 32. STAGING

STUDY CASE

1. concrete 250mm 2. 15mm reinforcement 3. 200mm piloti 4. 225 mm x 112.5 mm x 75 mm brick 5. cement / screed 6. 10mm ceramic 7. concrete foundation 8. gravel

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

A

B

1 2 3

1

5

6

In this detail structure drawing, there is some clear issue about the house, which will not fulfill the current building regulation. Although in restoration and renovations, there are some aspects were keep getting repaired and fixed, however, the building is being kept as natural as possible and there is almost no element added. There are some exceptions, but the purpose is mainly to fix a major problem such as leaking, or immobilise parts like windows, in purpose to preserve the building. From the drawing, there is clear potential problem such as too much heat loss in winter and heat in summer, leaking and condensation.

3

2

7

4 1. 2mm single glazed glass 2. Vertical wood frame 3. Horizontal wood

1. Concrete 2. Brick 3. Steel frame 4. Rails 5. Wooden frame 6. 2mm Single glaze glass 7. Wooden seperator between 2 frame

4

1

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

4

3

5

6

1

2

6

7

7

5

1. 2mm single glazed glass 2. 80mm concrete 3. Soil 4. Grass 5. Weed 6. 600mm x 600mm Concrete tile 7. Screed

3 STUDY CASE

STAGING

33.

VILLA SAVOYE (SITE)

Poissy is a suburb area, north-west from Paris. By train, it took around 40 minutes to arrive in Poissy. The area is beautiful and less crowded compared to Paris with lots of greenery. Buildings in this area also relatively looks old and preserved well. In general, Poissy is a really great escape place from Paris and to enjoy nature.

To reach a different part of the city is still in walking range from the train station; for example from train station to villa savoye, it took 20 minutes of walk. In fact, there is no public transport available in the area. Therefore, it is expected for people to have their own private transportation to travel around the city.

Most building in this place is a residential with other necessary function such as grocery, church, and school. One reason for villa savoye was built in this area too is because it functions as a holiday house out of the city.

34. STAGING

STUDY CASE

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

In Smaller Context, villa savoye is very excluded from the neighbourhood. This happens mainly because villa savoye is protected by a lot of vegetation and about 2m high wall from the street. Limiting the visibility of the villa, might cause people to be unaware of the building’s position. Moreover, Le Corbusier arranges the entry to the site, not in perpendicular with the villa’s orientation. Although it is in the same context as Le Corbusier School site, there seems no connection or communication in some way between villa savoye and the school.

Close up plan and section of Villa Savoye to show how it sit in the context

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

STUDY CASE

STAGING

35.

N E W C A S T L E M U S I C C E N T R E SITE OBJECTIVE GIVE NEW IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERNISM IN NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE GIVE OPEN / BREATHING SPACE IN SMALLER CONTEXT IN THE MIDDLE OF CITY CENTRE PROGRAM OBJECTIVE INTRODUCE MUSIC THROUGH ARCHITECTURE AND EXPAND THE EXPERIENCE TO PUBLIC EDUCATE PEOPLE/STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND HOW CLASSICAL MUSIC INFLUENCE MODERN MUSIC

Fig. Musical Abstraction from Synthesia notation and athmospherical implementation

CREATE A COMMUNITY THROUGH YOUTH ORCHESTRA PROGRAM AND MONTHLY

36. STAGING

MUSICAL EXPLORATION

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

MUSICAL EXPLORATION In many studies, learning Music shows improvement in traditional academic classes and this has been proven with you case education curriculumStarted to sing to music as a choice or compulsory subject. This happened because, although music is an art subject but it’s only one of many layers in it.

In fact, learning about tempo, how to write notations and reading it involve maths which commonly considered as the opposite study to music. And this can be done by learning the root, classical music.

venue and audience. One of the factor might be come from the perspective of How One of the Music is perceive As loud and noisy to the point of being disturbing. Responding to this arguments I decide to design A MUSIC SCHOOL THAT IN-

TRODUCING BACK CLASSICAL MUSIC AS PART OF THE CURRICULUM, HOWEVER, SHOW HOW THE CLASSICAL TECHNIQUES AND THEORY CAN CORRELATE WITH THE MODERN MUSIC.

Aside from The academic improvement, learning music also involve hearing and body movement which contrast of the normal education system such as lecture.

Participation in music usually leads to a group activity which is a way to make friends or community for both the students or even their parents or guardian.

Participation in group such as orchestra benefits students individually to become more confident and Able to express them self better.

In community and economic aspect, music has been one of the major business in Newcastle. However, The existence of live music in uk are dropping from both

TRANSLATED THINKING PROCESS

CONVENTIONAL ACADEMIC IMPROVING ACCADEMIC PERFORMENCE

ACADEMIC

-WRITE MUSICAL NOTATION -READING MUSIC SCORE

MUSIC LEARNING CONDIFIDENCE BETTER INEXPRESSING IDEA

MUSICAL CURRICULUM

SOCIAL

BROADEN APPRECIATION ON OTHER MUSIC GENRE

COMMUNITY -STUDENT COMMUNITY -LOCALS (NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE) IMPROVEMENT IN LIVE MUSIC ECONOMIC MOVEMENT

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Fig.6 Negative impact on live music

MUSICAL EXPLORATION

STAGING

37.

PUBLIC

STUDENTS

WORKERS

PUBLIC FACILITY HALLWAY (1ST AND 2ND FLOOR) INTERACTIVE SPACE TEACHER / STAFF ROOM (PARENTS OR GUARDIAN) PRACTICE ROOM (RENT) RECORDING ROOM (RENT) AUDIENCE

PUBLIC + PRACTICE ROOM CLASSROOM AUDITORIUM (PERFORMER OR AUDIENCE)

ALL ACCESS

IDLE / RESTING

GROUP PRACTICE

PRACTICE (SOLO / SMALL GROUP)

PUBLIC PERFORMANCE

THEORY STUDY

ENCLOSED PERFORMANCE

AGE 10-18 YOUTH

Younger user is predicted as more of the physically active user. Also encouraged to take part in the learning activities as it not only expand their knowledge but also help to meet new friends and community.

18-60 ADULT

Adult user include students, parents, workers and teachers which have different accessibility depending on the building.

60+ Elderly

As the analysis of the population, many older people lives in Newcastle upon Tyne as well. Giving the site a sitting place and bonding opportunity with people from different age category.

38. STAGING

MUSICAL SITE EXPLORATION CONTEXT

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

EXPRESSING MUSIC IN ARCHITECTURE

MUSIC

ARCHITECTURE

DYNAMICS

SIZE / SHAPE

MELODIES

L

I

G

H

T

H A R M O N Y

RELATION OF SPACES

INSTRUMENT

MATERIAL

While music can express / create the mood with its melody, architecture express it with atmosphere, in fact in representing it, music and architecture has a lot of similarities and sometimes one can be an inspiration for the other. Just like architecture, mu- sic composition consists of a system, which has HIERARCHY to show its CHARACTERISTIC. Composite Drawing to musical notation

Musical inspired spatial exploration model

STAGING

39.

悲しみはオーロラに - AIMER 1

2

Intro 0

MODERNISM TO MUSICAL NOTATION

Verse 0:55

Pre-C 1:20

1:37

Chorus

Verse 2:17

Pre-C 2:42

Chorus Interlude

2:58

3:27 3:39

Chorus

Outro 4:07

4:22

Instrument

Vocal

Japanese pop music - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-f2vcJToADo

In 1900s Modernism affecting every part of art culture in western including music. Not only new music type was introduced but also what interest me is a new attempt at finding new musical notation. Musical notation is a FRAGMENT OF MUSIC so it could be understood by people.

Although the most common used musical notation used to this day is the classic notation, the idea of creating new notation was brought to this day where new notation is created not necessarily to be better than classic notation but to be easier understood and enjoyed by general people who didn’t learn about music and BRING INTEREST OF MUSIC TO

PUBLIC.

1

SYNTHESIA is one of the new nota-

2

tion in video format that show the notes and lenght of the notes as the sound in the vdeio is produced. The lines created however, resembles to

FRAGMENTED

COMPOSITE

DRAWING

which led to how music can be realised in 3d and has a spatial quality

Solo piano in synthesia / fragmanted that show the note and lenght period

40. STAGING

MUSICAL EXPLORATION

Fig.7 Le Corbusier 3:16:3 notation

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Spatial exploration attempt, how static form (wall) conditioned to create a dynamic space

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

SITE CONTEXT

STAGING

41.

REALISATION This chapter is about my exploration of the project in different scales, massing (1:500), site (1:200), building (1:200), threshold, material and structural study. Working from the simpliest form to the complexity of a buildin.

This alsp allows me to design through multiple point of view. But ultimately, my thought while designing is al-

DESIGN FOR PEOPLE AND BALANCING BETWEEN PROVIDING ATHMOSPHERE AND FUNCTION. ways to

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

MASSING EXPLORATION The Massing exploration is started with overlaying 1:500 site plans with the composite drawing from Primer. The decision of the site is to have 3 mass with different height with different function which is co-working space (high rise volume), food court (low rise volume), and music school (medium-rise volume).

The arrangement of the mass is responding to the site. The purpose is to give the site A BREATHING SPACE from the hectic situation. This also become a chance to INTRODUCE MUSIC TO PUBLIC through the sculptural column.

Offices Food Court

Music School

1:500 layered initial massing plan exploration and diagrams

44. REALISATION

MASSING EXPLORATION

1:500 initial massing model

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Layering process of 1:500 site plan with composite drawing as a starting point of massing exploration

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

MASSING EXPLORATION

REALISATION 45.

Opening ground space | Floating Mass

Co-working office space

Co-working office space Music School

Insetion volume to add floating mass effect

Rised ground to give spacatial seperation

Music School Reversion

Food Court

Food Court

Ground floor - Food court Upper floor - Amphitheatre

Public / outside performance space

The upper floor of the mass is expanded to create the effect of flying mass / volume. It also gives shading and moving space under it

46. REALISATION

Reverse the position of the proposed master plan to put the music school exposed and bring interest to the people and also visible open space to the busy streets

MASSING EXPLORATION

Public space separation where the space facing the street have more neutral and inviting to which would bring interest to the space further inside.

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Connecting platform

The connecting platform between 3 building as the circulation solution, and addition to multi-level view to outdoor space

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Expansion of the upper floor to give shading and moving space under it.

Fragmenting the mass to give hierarchy of importance in the building.

MASSING EXPLORATION

Application of musical notation to the structure and volume.

REALISATION 47.

SCHEDULE OF ACCOMODATION

AMPHITHEATRE LOBBY INTERACTIVE SPACE CLASSROOM PRACTICE ROOM AUDITORIUM TEACHER’S ROOM STAFF’S ROOM LIBRARY RECORDING SPACE MEETING ROOM STORAGE TOILET OUTDOOR GROUND OUTDOOR STAGE Total Indoor Space:

48. REALISATION

TOTAL SIZE 270m2 200m2 90m2 150m2 480m2 80m2 30m2 25m2 96m2 70m2 12m2 40m2 120m2

Music Learning Program Outdoor Exposure: none-minimal

Exposure: controled

Exposure: limited

1543m2

MASSING EXPLORATION

Exposure of what happen in the rooms are important as a media to introduce music to public .

Public space

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

The program arrangement is designed in this sequence:

LOBBY OFFICE AND STAFF ROOM (GROUND FLOOR) | PRACTICAL MUSIC LEARNING (1ST FLOOR) | THEORITICAL LEARNING ROOM AUDITORIUM RECORDING SPACE (2ND FLOOR) In addition, each floor includes service and toilets. 1st floor of the building has access to the connection bridges that provide access between the main music school and other building as well as amphitheatre

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

MASSING EXPLORATION

REALISATION 49.

THINKING THROUGH MAKING Thinking through making idea came to work with concrete formwork and looking at the tectonic quality of concrete. With column idea, working on the 2 way concrete slab as an initial idea to BIND THE FRAGMENTED COLUMN. The result is made me understand the formwork and the flexibility of concrete. Seeing the final form and quality, concrete bring a stiff, solid feels to it. To balance the ambiance , I want to cooperate timber in part of the design to bring contrast to the concrete.

Thinking through makin results

50. REALISATION

Casting sequence

THINKING THROUGH MAKING

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

THINKING THROUGH MAKING

REALISATION 51.

Further into the project, , the casting process become a work process in making 1:20 threshold model. This really allows me to explore not only in colour or looks but also how SENSE OF TOUCH help to CREATE EXPERIENCE. With hard and cold feel to it, texture and warmth of wood bring good contrast and comfort to the materiality of concrete.

52. REALISATION

THINKING THROUGH MAKING

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

PRECEDENT STUDY TOHO GAKUEN SCHOOL OF MUSIC TOKYO, JAPAN

Fig.7 Tohogakuen hallway

Fig.8 Tohogakuen practices rooms

Fig.9 Outdoor view to inside

Fig.10 Tohogakuen lobby

Fig.11 Tohogakuen Section

Toho Gakuen School of Music is a music school designed by Nikken Sekkei Architect which is an international architecture practice but hosted in Japan. The idea of form of this building is based on argument that typical music school is one-side corridor compartment style lesson rooms, similar to a prison house, new arrangements of lesson rooms have been developed in which is DISPERSED to the whole building campus. In addition, VISUAL CONNECTION is important between player during performance and brought into the building concept.

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

PRECEDENT STUDY

REALISATION 53.

In-situ Concrete Atmosphere similarly with light, can also created through sound. From the architect of Tohogakuen School of Music, Nikken Sekkei stated “SOUND LEAK-

ING FROM ROOM TO ROOM IS A VERY BIG PROBLEM, BUT SOUND LEAKING OUT TO THE CORRIDOR IS ACTUALLY VERY IMPORTANT FOR CREATING ATHMOSPHERE”.

Acoustic panel ceiling

In-situ Concrete Beam

However, in the same manner, too much sound from various source can be confusing and that is why acoustic strategy is important in part of the design.

In order to control the amount of sound that spread to the hallway, especially from practices rooms, acoustics panel was placed on the ceiling, underfloor and wall. Laminated windows also help to reduce the amount of sound leakage.

Laminated Double Glazed Window Timber Parquet

Concrete like FLooring Vinyl Timber Acoustic Panel In-situ concrete wall

Vibration Absorbant Insulation

In-situ concrete floor Walking through music

54. REALISATION

Ammount and ara of sound that absorbed / controlled

Acoustic Strategy

PRECEDENT STUDY

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

BARCELONA PAVILION BARCELONA, SPAIN

Fig.12 Barcelona Pavilion

Barcelona Pavilion is one of the most appreciated building of Miew Van de Rohe during the war period 1926. One that insterest me is how the use of planes especially vertical walls. The columns start to DIVIDE SPACE and allocate to assign circulation rooms, and other spaces. Visually, the use of wide glass give connection between inside and outside. The connection performs in the circulation space where it connects between storey.

Barcelona Pavilion Plan Analysis

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

PRECEDENT STUDY

REALISATION 55.

CIRCULATION

HALLWAY TO PRACTICE ROOMS

LOUNGE

CIRCULATION

Fig.13 Barcelona Pavilion application of parralel wall with project’s circulation

56. REALISATION

PRECEDENT STUDY

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

COMPOSITION OF SPACE The design process is started mainly with 2d plan drawing to arrange the ‘notes’ / linear column as the main language by LAYERING MASSING PLAN + COMPOSITE DRAWING that is done in earlier stage of the project. Then RATIONALISING the positioning and length of the column. The elements is not only explored within the main school building but also EXPAND THE EXPERIENCE through the whole site so people who are passing by can still experience it, like how musical concert sound can expand even outside the music arena.

The process of layering become very important as the work goes to create a proper and logical sequence between floors.

Plan exploration,composition in 1:200 scale

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

COMPOSING OF SPACE

REALISATION 57.

FFRAGMENTATION IMPLEMETNATION of 1st and 2nd floor. This affect both internal and external atmosphere. Big fractions, rear part of the building, consist of big volume program while centre part is smaller necessity room.

Externally, the effect created is series of floating mass with DIFFERENT SIZE OF COVERAGE. Internally the fragmentation OPEN UP CIRCULATION and public space and void to BUILD CONNECTION between storey. The primary grid become the guideline to put the linear column, then with secondary grid form the beam arrangement.

Section axonometric spatial sketch

Major Fragmantation (Simplified)

58. REALISATION

1st and 2nd floor spatial fragmantation

COMPOSING OF SPACE

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Circulation is part of the experience of this design. Ground floor has a very open circulation that allows people to move freely while occasionally bet with the columns. In contrast, the upper floor has more direct and rational circulation while the athmospheric quality is created by contrast of solid and transparant surface around it. Accessibility is another thing considered due to DISABLE ACCESS,

HEAVY EQUIPMENT ACCESS, AND ELDERLY ACCESS. With that in mind, the access should be wide enough (1600mm -2400mm) and equipped with ramp for some raised space.

Circulation Diagram

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Section and elevation Exploration

COMPOSING OF SPACE

REALISATION 59.

Street experience on the building

Classroom vegetation with view on the pearl intersect with vegetation

Linear column in open space lobby

The Sketches are experimentation to show the spatial quality of some important spaces. The street view show how the floating volume interact with the pedestrian walk path underneath it. The experience provide VIEW ,

SHELTER, AND HINT OF EXPERIENCE

in the building. The practice room show the view from inside and it’s interaction with the other PRACTICE

ROOM, SITE (The Pearl) AND INSERTED VEGETATION. the Lobby show the relation between LINEAR COLUMN, CONCRETE CEILING, AND TIMBER FURNITURE.

60. REALISATION

COMPOSING OF SPACE

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY

Internal - support system

Column - beam - volume relationship

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Exterior - support system

Exterior - structure as sculptural element

The arrangement of linear structures is not completely resolved, as many other step to connect the idea of LINEAR COLUMN to FLOATING VOLUME on the first and second floor. The connection was build with UNEVEN GRID SYSTEM as the guide for for 2-WAY SLAB BEAM SYSTEM. Linear column on the site are not all nessecarrily used as a structure system. All internal and some external structure are used as a support system while the rest are used to guide the space and expand the experience of music from inside the building to the public.

Beam grid arrangement

COMPOSING OF SPACE

REALISATION 61.

SYNTHESIS This chapter is about final decision making in project up to this point. It includes showing Newcastle Music Center’s plans, section, and elevation with some other key spaces in it. Combining technical accurate composition but also showing the athmospheric quality of those spaces.

I believe although this is my final iteration, there is still improvement could be

ARCHITECTURE DOES NOT FINISH WHEN IT WAS DESIGN, BUT AFTER IT WAS BUILT, USED, AND RECLAIMED. done as

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

SCALE 1:1000

POST OFFICE EET STR ON OBS N D JOH

EET STR ND RLA MBE THU NOR

SITE PLAN

NEWCASTLE CITY

LAING ART GALLERY

LIBRARY

THE PEARL

NEW

W ET TRE S DGE BRI

OOL SCH C I MUS

BLACKET STREET

ET TRE M S GRI PIL

GREY’S MONUMENT

T OUR D C FOO

COMMERCIAL UNION HOUSE

EET STR T KE MAR

CENTRAL ARCADE

64.

E ON ST ER H NN C CO CHU

ICE OFF NG LDI BUI

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

PLAN

SYNTHESIS 65.

66. SYNTHESIS

PLAN

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

DESIGN SITE STRATEGY

LISTENING

CIRCULATION AND MAPPING

COMPOSING

responding to the historical of modernism on the site and the future plan of Newcastle city centre.

Deciding which part of the site that will be build and how to access those building.

Installing musical notation inspired structure into the site that become primary grid.

HARMONIZING Rationalize and connectong fragmanted column into an organized structure system.

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

PERFORMING Enclosure of the structure and detailing.

BUILDING AND SPACE DECLARATION

SYNTHESIS 67.

NORTH ELEVATION

68. SYNTHESIS

ELEVATION

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

ELEVATION

SYNTHESIS 69.

GROUND FLOOR SCALE 1:250

Music Store

A

A’

Fig. Plan to vegetation diagram

70. SYNTHESIS

PLAN

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

The drawing is showing the view of from the lobby toward the public area.

Although from the outside the lobby seems disconnected due to the floating volume, from inside the building, the lobby looks very open which makes the lobby look more spacious than it should be.

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

BUILDING AND SPACE DECLARATION

SYNTHESIS 71.

1ST FLOOR SCALE 1:250

A

A’

Fig. Plan to fragmentation diagram

Fig. Plan to view diagram

72. SYNTHESIS

PLAN

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

The view from the bridge show the multilevel circulation both inside and outside of the building as well as how the visual connection on between those 2 spaces are designed.

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

The sound from practice rooms help to create a musical ambient while open glass creates a visual connection between practice rooms. Sound proofing in this space are covered with wood acoustic panel on the sides, underfloor vibration absorbant insulation and acoustic panel on the ceiling.

BUILDING AND SPACE DECLARATION

SYNTHESIS 73.

2ND FLOOR SCALE 1:250

A

74. SYNTHESIS

A’

PLAN

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

The classroom is arranged with piano as the centre and student seats put around it.

The intention is to reduce the distance between teacher and students and allow students to have an interactive lesson.

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

Orchestra group practice is held in the bigger practice rooms. This program is really encouraged to improve communication and coordination skill of the members (youth).

BUILDING AND SPACE DECLARATION

SYNTHESIS 75.

SECTION A-A’ INTERACTION OF SPACE Scale 1:100

Space Projected: -Outdoor Stage -Entrace -Lobby -Tunnel of Sound (VOID) -Meeting Room -Resting Space -Practice Room -Classroom

Relationship between Spaces is connected through visual and audio experience. With visible view between rooms it helps to remove loneliness during solo practice and allow natural light from the void to reach practice rooms.

Sound also help to build the ambience in the corridor and with help of acoustic installation to control the sound condition.

SYNTHESIS 77.

78. SYNTHESIS

PLAN

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

EXPANSION OF STRUCTURES

Fig. Villa Savoye, Le-Corbusier - Structure as a guide.

Exterior space in my design is important as a beginning to introduce music to people. This was expressed by using structure to create variety of space that was explored during staging. Le Corbusier in villa savoye also taught me that structure can be used in several different way in which my design it introduce where the access is to the inner site, open circulation underneath the building,and dividing circulation space and give variety use for the space.

Low rise iteration of music, become a playful dynamic area while during certain event it can be used as a outdoor stage and a place for live music experience.

Fig. Music Inspired Space.

Ground FLoor

KEY SPACES

SYNTHESIS 79.

VOID OF SOUND AND LIGHT

Natural light is brought into the building as both design and environmental strategy reason. The light was brought through gaps and void (skylight). From the primer, the quality and light’s characteristic were learned . Similarly with light, sound is also an important element to create athmosphere. By creating the void, the sound from 1st floor, which mostly occupied as practice rooms will help to create athmosphere in the ground floor and 2nd floor’s hallway. At the ground floor, The atrium also used as a public stage for small performace space and seperation point between lobby (public) and working space (private).

Lobby

M U S I C

ARCHITECTURE

MELODIES

L I G H T Ground FLoor

80. SYNTHESIS

KEY SPACES

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

PLAN

SYNTHESIS 81.

82. SYNTHESIS

PLAN

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

PRACTICING MUSIC

Interior Space between the practice rooms was inspired from the precedent Tohogakuen School of Music. The glass finish was used with purpose: - Create open spaces that visually interactive and improve creativity and provides athmosphere of the musicians.

- Build interest abovut music to people who pass through the area.

- Allow controlled leakage of sound from the practice room to the hallway.

The circulation of the hallway was also designed to be not linear, instead dynamic with accent of natural light from skylight or gaps of the massing.

Fig.8 Tohogakuen practices rooms

Practice room Practice room

M

U

S

I

C

ARCHITECTURE

H A R M O N Y

RELATION OF SPACES

Practice room Practice room

Practice room

First Floor

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

KEY SPACES

SYNTHESIS 83.

CONNECTION

Seperation of space that define the circulation to access different storey and circulation to access the activities rooms. The main stair’s also designed with glass facade that allows connection with nature and space outside the building. This was to give a relaxing feel while the students / teachers move from one class room to the other and reseting the fatique that might be felt during the session.

Practice room

Practice room

Fig.13a Barcelona Pavilion lounge

Practice room

First Floor - view to stairs

84. SYNTHESIS

KEY SPACES

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

LEGACIES OF MODERNISM

PLAN

SYNTHESIS 85.

AUDITORIUM

The auditorium is the main performance space for the building. Located at different massing from the main music school which give SEPERATION BETWEEN LEARNING AND PERFORMING SPACE. The space need to be controlled for lighting and acoustic reason.

This is an important part of the program to involve local community to take part as audience. Also it gives opportunity for students to perform, showcasing their skill and dedication on their practices.

MUSIC SCHOOL

AUDITORIUM

Auditoriumm Section

2nd floor - Auditorium

KEY SPACES

SYNTHESIS 87.

-15mm Wood Parquet -15mm Vinyl Concrete like finish -50mm Screed -Underfloor heating pipes -100mm Vibration absorbant insulation

Acoustic panel (ceiling)

-Kawneer thin mullion -Laminated double glazing -Timber Block

-Timber Acoustic panel (wall)

-Grass -Soil -Damp proof membrane -Insulation -Damp proof course -300mm in-situ concrete -800mm deep 2 way concrete beam

-Mechannical Velux window -Window Frame -Laminated glass -Double Glazing

1:20 SECTION DETAIL ATRIUM

89.SYNTHESIS

The Section detail was taken at the atrium as it is the main space of the building. In th drawing it shows how the composition of foundation, column and beam with in-situ concrete as well as the detailing on windows to create a smooth finish on the floor. The mechanism of the skylight was using flat mechanical window from Velux.

-15mm Wood Parquet -50mm Screed -Underfoor heating pipe -100mm Vibration absorbant insulation -In-situ Concrete -Damp Proof Membrane -Footfall Insulation -Damp Proof Course -Soft sand -Aggregate -Underground service pipes -Foundation Concrete pad

-300mm In-situ concrete

FIN.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ILLUSTRATION

ArchDaily (2015) Tohogakuen School of Music / Nikken Sekkei.

[Online]. 2020. ArchDaily. Available at: https://www.archdaily. com/778881/tohogakuen-school-of-music-nikken-sekkei.

Figure 1,8,9,10,11 and 12: Nikken Sekkei (2015), Tohogakuen School of Music . Available at: https://www.archdaily. com/778881/tohogakuen-school-of-music-nikken-sekkei

Barcelona Pavilion International Exposition, Barcelona, Spain, 1928–29 (2014) Available at: https://www-degruyter-com.libproxy.ncl.ac.uk/view/book/9783038212874/10.1515/9783038212874.

76.xml

Figure 2: Theo Van Doesburg (1923), Contra-Construction Project. Available at: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/232

Kalivretenos, A. (2015) The Importance of Music Education. The Humanist, [Online]. Available at: https://thehumanist.com/features/articles/the-importance-of-music-education.

Newcastle City Council, 2015. Planning For The Future Core Strategy And Urban Core Plan For Gateshead And Newcastle Upon Tyne 2010-2030. 2nd ed. newcastle upon tyne: Newcastle City Council. [online] Available at:https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2019-01/planning_for_the_future_core_strategy_and_ urban_core_plan_2010-2030.pdf

Figure 3: Elizabeth Baldwin Gray (2019), Legacies of Modernsim Group Photo. Available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/ folders/17jmIWbAIUW-ms88LGBZlGZBVNhllYCkk?fbclid=IwAR2xA4SaVk5uZoSeFN9OrCr8EzX5FI78obdWZfQuug4s4aYJkKEqVPUMWsI Figure 4:Bruce Berkow (no year), Entry Le Corbusier’s Apartment Paris, France. Available at: http://insideinside.org/project/ le-corbusiers-apartment/ Figure 5: NA, Le Corbusier Studio Apartment. Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2018/11/07/le-corbusier-paris-apartment-home-immeuble-molitor-refurbishment/

Niven, A. (2020) The Socialism of T. Dan Smith. Tribune, [Online]. Available at: https://tribunemag.co.uk/2019/05/the-socialism-of-t-dan-smith.

Figure 6: The UK live Music Census (2017) Negative impact on current live music bussiness. Available at: http://uklivemusiccensus.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/UK-Live-Music-Census-2017-executive-summary.pdf.

Pacey, N. (2020) The Importance of Classical Music in a Modern World. [Online]. 2020. Minute School. Available at: https:// www.minuteschool.com/2017/08/the-importance-of-classical-music-in-a-modern-world/.

Figure 7: Le Corbusier (ND) 3:16:3 musical notation. Available at: https://www.victoriakeddie.com/harp-visual-score

Rowe, H. A. (2011). The Rise and Fall of Modernist Architecture.

Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse, 3(04). Available at: http:// www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1687 Webster, E. (2017) Valuing live music: The UK Live Music Census 2017 report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 1st edn. [Online]. UK Live Music Census. Available at: http://uklivemusiccensus.org/wp-content/ uploads/2018/03/UK-Live-Music-Census-2017-executive-summary. pdf.

Whitney, k. (2017) A brave new world’: what happened to Newcastle’s dream for a vertical city?. The Guardian, [Online].

Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/feb/07/ brave-new-world-newcastle-dream-for-vertical-city.

Figure 13a: Maria Chiara Paccara (2012) Barcelona Pavilion interior. Available at : https://en.socialdesignmagazine.com/mag/ blog/architettura/il-padiglione-tedesco-allesposizione-universale-di-barcellona-del-1929-mies-van-der-rohe/