Beth Hardy Portfolio

DESIGN PORTFOLIO Semester 2. Beth Hardy. 200713278. ARC8052

ARB CRITERIA

GC1

Ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements.

GC2

Adequate knowledge of the histories and theories of architecture and the related arts, technologies and human sciences.

GC3

Knowledge of the fine arts as an influence on the quality of architectural design.

GC4

Adequate knowledge of urban design, planning and the skills involved in the planning process.

GC5

Understanding of the relationship between people and buildings, and between buildings and their environment, and the need to relate buildings and the spaces between them to human needs and scale.

GC6

Understanding of the profession of architecture and the role of the architect in society, in particular in preparing briefs that take account of social factors.

GC7

Understanding of the methods of investigation and preparation of the brief for a design project.

GC8

Understanding of the structural design, constructional and engineering problems associated with building design.

GC9

Adequate knowledge of physical problems and technologies and the function of buildings so as to provide them with internal conditions of comfort and protection against the climate.

GC10

The necessary design skills to meet building users’ requirements within the constraints imposed by cost factors and building regulations.

GC11

Adequate knowledge of the industries, organisations, regulations and procedures involved in translating design concepts into buildings and integrating plans into overall planning.

Thesis

Programme

Site Study

pg 6-25

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Design Development

Final Design

Reflection

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Not changed Amended

New

THESIS Buildings like Eldon Square create indistinguishable cities that are filled with failing commercial retail industries.

My project aims to draw upon the cities industrial heritage to inject experiential, and cultural qualities that provide character to the city -that was lost from the expanse of consumerist outlets whilst challenging the male centric focus of the industrial heritage and its more contemporary gentrified persona to create a more inclusive and accessible environment for all.

GC2

GC3

GC4

3 key points: *Design a space for creativity and culture that relates to the cities history *Design an accessible space that challenges the past male dominated industries *Design a space that challenges the expensive and gentrified aspect of craft to create an inclusive and affordable city space for Newcastle residents GC5

GC7

THE SITE

Thesis

Music Events University’s Library’s Work Residential Cafes Sport School

Food Shops Schools Residential Takeaways Parks/ Green Space Restaurants Pubs Work

Site Study

Development

Galleries Restaurants Bars Pubs Museums Retail Cinema Theatre

Newcastle City The site is placed within Eldon Square, a large shopping mall at the heart of Newcastle’s city centre. Newcastle’s city centre is surrounded by expanding residential suburban areas that house most of the city’s population. These areas often consist of the necessities (schools, housing, food shops and parks) whilst the city centre explores the opportunities of experience and culture. However, buildings like Eldon Square, dominate cities with dying retail and starve the city of this culture. This has only been

intensified by covid, in which almost all cultural and experiential qualities have been closed and the retail industry has suffered economically.

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Final Design

Thesis

Site Study

Development

Kern, Leslie, Feminist City (London: Verso Books, 2020) 22-23

Eldon Square Very few, if any spaces in the city are designed with the needs of women and children in mind. Often urban planning and design fall to default male and designing for their needs as though they are everyone’s. However, whilst Eldon Square created a consumerist ideal when built, designed for the housewife to shop, in doing so, it created a space that was somewhat accessible. It was understood that many customers using Eldon Square would likely have small children, and so play and rest spaces were built within

the mall to accommodate this. These have all since been removed but the fact remains that the large open corridor widths, public toilets, smooth flooring, and sheltered seating creates a space a city that are both pram and wheelchair friendly, unlike most other parts of the city.

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Final Design

INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE As a way to inject the culture back into the city centre that is lost through buildings like Eldon Square, I have looked into the city’s industrial heritage. Newcastle played an important role in the industrial revolution and thrived as a base for steel, ship, glass, ceramics, coal, train, and engineering industries. Due to its coastal location and access to coal, the population grew in the late 19th century as jobs increased creating an industrial heritage to the city. The Lemington

Glass Works and Maling & Ford Pottery formed successful professions and turned crafts into trade, training employers in the art of glass-blowing and ceramic. (see appendix for more information) This success however saw a rise in unpaid work for women as they were often excluded from the industrial trades and forced into domestic or low paid factory work.

The demand for coal and within these industries had and still has a damaging affect on the environment.

Thesis

Site Study

Development

Whilst Newcastle Industrial heritage remains a reminder of the city’s heritage for some, these industries were not inclusive. Throughout the 19th and 20th century glass-blowing was a predominantly male industry, and only 7% of the industries workforce were women. These jobs were often filled in the finishing process, quality assurance, so they were removed from the skills and crafts of glass blowing.

Map of Newcastle: Lemington

7%

Lemington Glass Works

of workforce were women

Lemington glass works was situated near both the waggonway and the river Tyne, this allowed for easy transport of ingredients such as sand and clay to make the glass and coal needed to heat the furnaces. Back in the 18th century the company was well known for its production in flat glass products such as windows but saw a decline in demand in the early 19th century, leading to a change in company in 1906 where they then made light bulbs and glass tubes. Lemington Glass Works closed down in 1997 as the last working glass works company of its kind.

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Final Design

Thesis

Site Study

Development

Final Design

The ceramic industry had large percentage of the workforce that were women, which reached its peak at 43% in the 1950s, the roles taken by women were however very low paid and within poor working conditions. When these issues did not change, the industry lost a large proportion of the women workforce.

Map of Newcastle

43%

Maling Pottery The company started off making clay jam and marmalade pots in the factory to the west, largely done by machines but formed another factory a mile to the west which focussed more on sanitary products. Both factory’s were situated close to the river to allow for easy transport of clay from the nearby beaches. In the 20th century the demand for clay goods declined and saw competition between the glass and pottery industry, this led to the closure of one of the pottery factory’s. The remaining Pottery factory continued the established white pottery domestic ware with transfer-prints.

of workforce were women

LOW PAY

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POOR WORKING CONDITIONS

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Thesis

Glass Blowing Workshops Average cost: £200

Site Study

Development

Ceramic Workshops Average cost: £35

Location of glass & ceramic workshop £ per head (annual wage) The company started off making clay jam and marmalade pots in the factory to the west, largely done by machines but formed another factory a mile to the west which focussed more on sanitary products. Both factory’s were situated close to the river to allow for easy transport of clay from the nearby beaches. In the 20th century the demand for clay goods declined and saw competition between the glass and pottery industry, this led to the closure of one of the pottery factory’s. The remaining Pottery factory continued the established white pottery domestic ware with transfer-prints.

19,000 - 21,000 17,000 -18,999 16,000 -16,999 15,000 -15,999 14,500 - 14,999 14,000 - 14,499 13,000 - 13999 20

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Final Design

Thesis

Site Study

Development

Main Entrance

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GF.

University of Sunderland

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City Centre

LGF 1.

1:1500

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1

The building produces a lot of heat and so to tackle this, the floor layout was amended to combine the two hot glass studios (once at opposite ends of the building) to concentrate the heat and energy used to power these spaces. Extractor hoods were also implemented that removed the heat from the rooms and air handling units then circulated the heat around the building to make it more efficient.

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LGF 2.

National Glass Centre Since it was built however the project has struggled to attract as many people as it had hoped. Due to its location just outside of the city centre and its low rise scheme that slopes into the ground, its appearance is modest and had failed to draw the attention in recent years. https://www.ribaj.com/buildings/into-the-light

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The National Glass Centre sits on the banks of the River Wear, a mile from the city centre of Sunderland and neighbouring the city’s university buildings. It is focussed on teaching both students of the university and the public from wider regions about the history of glass in Sunderland and the glass blowing experience. The building is comprised of both glass and ceramic workshop, with gallery space, seminar and lecture space and a shop with café space where products from the workshops can be sold.

1. Teaching Workshop 2.Ceramic & Glass Studio 3.Cold Glass Studio 4.Flame Work Studio 5. Hot Glass Studio 6. Shop 7.Viewing Platform 8.Gallery 9. Seminar Rooms

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Final Design

Thesis

Site Study

Development

Final Design

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SF. 3

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3

FF.

1

GF.

Gladstone Pottery Museum in their original form. The scheme aims to maintain the familiar Stoke landscape and keep the craft alive.

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Gladstone Pottery Museum in Stoke on Trent was a successful part of the city’s industrial past. Due to its access to coal and clay the city became well known for its production of pottery, but in the late 20th century, the industry started to die out. In a bid to recover some of Stokes cultural heritage, Gladstone’s was preserved as a museum. The traditional brick chimneys and workhouses now comprise of exhibitions, teaching space and working pottery workshops, all spaced across the remaining buildings

1. Shop 2.Ceramic Pottery Workshop 3.Teaching Space 4.Cafe 5. Museum 6. Drying Room

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Circulation Diagram

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The working factory had a large courtyard in the centre of the site with 2 storey workshops enclosing it, and the chimney kilns bordering this. This allowed for the products to be easily moved and taken off site to be sold but as a craft workshop and studio today, it has created awkward circulation that forces routes outside.

PROGRAMME

The programme of this project responds to 3 key areas of focus identified within the thesis.

3.

Design a space that challenges the expensive and gentrified aspect of craft to create an inclusive and affordable city space for Newcastle residents

1.

Design a space for creativity and culture that relates to the city’s history

And aims to group them regarding their spatial needs and how much privacy required.

2.

Design an accessible space that challenges the past male dominated industries

Thesis

1

2

3

Site Study

1

Creative spaces that are private

Design an accessible space that challenges the past male dominated industries

Design a space that challenges the expensive and gentrified aspect of craft to create an inclusive and affordable city space for Newcastle residents

Glass Workshop

Nursery

Studio space

Glass Workshop

Ceramic Workshop

Play Space

Library

Ceramic Workshop

Design a space for creativity and culture that relates to the city’s history

Development

2

Education Hub

IT Suite

Market

Public Toilets

Recycling Centre

3

A space for children that is private

Public space

Nursery

Library

IT Suite

Public Toilets

Recycling Centre Gallery

Final Design

Gallery

Studio space

Market Play Space 28

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SITE STUDY

GC4

GC5

GC6

GC7

Thesis

Site Study

Development

Final Design

1

2

3 4

In semester 1 I made 3 design moves that I have chosen to carry on into the project this semester. The first intervention I did was to pedestrianise both Blackett and Nelson Street to create a safer and less polluted area within the city. The second was to carve a gap out of Eldon Square, facing Old Eldon Square, this is to allow more light to pass through and to add onto the existing green space and the third was to create a path through Eldon Square from Newgate to Clayton Street, this was to make the site more permeable for those walking and increase visibility along clayton street for safety.

1 Pedestrianise Blackett Street 2 Break up Eldon Square 3 Pedestrianise Nelson and Clayton Street 4 Divide Eldon Square

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Thesis

Site Study

Development

M

West

East

Site Constraints: Pedestrianised Roads Grade 2 listed buildings & facade with traditional Georgian elevation

M

The site is within close proximity to public transport making it easier to access for residents and is within the heart of the city, becoming a focus of the city’s cultural heritage.

Monument Metro Station Old route through Sun Path

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Final Design

Thesis

Site Study

Development

Berrys Jewellers Arch forms

Central Arcade

View from south

View from south-east

French Connection

View from east

Large stepped windows

View from north-east

Waterstones

View from north west

View from south-west

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Ornate detailing

Nelson Street Facade

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Final Design

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT GC1

GC2

GC3

GC4

GC5

GC7

Thesis

Development

Site Study

The combination of contemporary glass and ruined stonework maximises the light and creates new spaces within the building.

https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/17/moritzburg-museum-extension-by-niento-sobejano-arquitectos/ https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/17/moritzburg-museum-extension-by-niento-sobejano-arquitectos/

New proposal

Moritzburg Museum Extension by Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos The extension sits within the 15th century walls of a ruined castle in Halle, Germany to create a roof to the previously open, top floor. The project uses the textures of the old castle walls within the museum and houses a sheltered gallery within the space beneath whilst using separate columns to support the new structure above.

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Final Design

Thesis

Development

Site Study

Existing

Step 1: Remove path through to make the site more permeable

Massing Model

As the site has a deep plan and struggles to get much light towards the northern edge of the building, I decided to break it down by reintroducing the path through the site from greys monument, this allows the northerly edge opportunity to gather the sunlight and makes the site more permeable as it previously was before Eldon Square was built. I have also chosen to step the footprint back behind the existing Georgian façade to create a courtyard space that sits between new and the old. The third move is to create a path through the site that lines up with the entrance to Grainger Market to make a link between them both.

Step 2: Step the project back from the existing facade to gain more light into the proposal

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Step 3: Carve a path through the site to create connections with Grainger Market

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Final Design

Thesis

Development

Site Study

Sketches of chimney ideas

The chimney represents the cities industrial heritage of the region and the success that came with it. The Lemington glass works was formed of a combination of large cone -shaped chimneys designed to extract the smoke and hot air from the furnaces I wanted to adapt this form within my project that reflected the more contemporary needs of the site.

Considering the sites need for light I explored how the chimney shapes could be adapted to create large light wells that funnel light into the building. By angling the direction of the chimney lean and choosing where it will be placed on site

you can decide at what time of day the chimney will collect the most light, and again by angling the window, this can allow for more light throughout the year.

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Final Design

Thesis

Development

Site Study

April 21 45.47o

September 21 34.44o

June 21 56.35o

December 21 11.6o

Final Design

W

N

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Sun Path Diagram The sun path diagram shows how the highest summer sun hits the site at 56o, I used this information to adapt the chimney shape to gain maximum light, by angling the top to 56o and leaning them towards the sun. I then used the sun path information to angle the direction of the chimneys so that each collect sunlight from different times of day.

7am - 10am max light

Key: April June September

3pm -6pm max light

12pm-2pm max light

December

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9am - 12pm max light

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Thesis

Site Study

Development

Key: Glass Workshop Ceramic Workshop Studio space Recycling Centre

Private

Nursery

Library IT Suite Gallery Public Toilets

Public

Play Space

The project is split into private and public, placing the public areas together (library, IT Suite, gallery, toilets and play space) to the north of the site allows people to walk in from Blackett Street and Greys Monument and creates a high street front where people can walk in as they please. Whilst the more private areas (Nursery, Workshops and Education Hub) require more supervision and so are tucked behind the existing façades within the new proposed building. Each of the chimneys placed on site defines a specific space within the new building.

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Final Design

Thesis

https://www.hawkinsbrown.com/projects/here-east

Development

Site Study

Final Design

Inspired by the shape of molten glass to create a bubble that sits above the workshop Viewing holes that allow people to see down into the workshop

Here East By Hawkins Brown

Hawkins Brown created small meeting pods that sit within the atrium of their here east project. The pods create meeting rooms that allow quite spaces that dampen the acoustics of the outside space whilst allowing some light to pass through them For the workshop spaces I wanted to bring this idea as a place for children from the education hub to learn from the workshop below but without disturbing the people working in it.

The chimney sit above and let light pass through into the workshop

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Thesis

Development

Site Study

Final Design

*Good Thermal Mass *Low Carbon Footprint *Environmentally Friendly *Structurally stable *Noise Dampening *Weather resistant *Durable *Create a marker to the project

Rammed Earth: Chimney Base

Ceramic Tiles

Plywood Interior Cladding

*Environmentally Friendly * Durable and resistant to high temperatures

Cork Interior Cladding

*Environmentally Friendly * Good Acoustic Qualities *Insulation Qualities The main materials being used are rammed earth for the base of the chimneys, this to create a stable structure for the lean of the cone that is also an environmentally friendly alternative to brick. Due to the thickness of the walls and high density that provides the excellent thermal mass properties, rammed earth is also fire resistant, and noise dampening making it a good choice for loud workshops with furnaces in. The cork interior cladding will sit at the top of the chimney to dampen the acoustics within the chimney

itself, along with the pods that will sit above the workshops wrapped in a polymer membrane. This will also allow the light to pass through the window above. Plywood interior cladding will be used throughout the building for its high durability.

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*Good Acoustics * Semi Transparent ETFE, Polymer Membrane

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Thesis

Riviera, Johannesburg, South Africa

Thabo Mbeki Presidential Library Thabo Mbeki Presidential Library by Adjaye Associates explores the forms of traditional African granaries using rammed earth. The library is set to be placed in the busy suburban setting of Riviera, Johannesburg and will house a research centre, museum and seminar rooms as well as social spaces, spread across 2 floors. The first floor will be concealed below ground and within a rectangular form. The rammed earth domes will then sit above this.

Development

Site Study

The decision to use rammed earth for the proposal was based on reducing the buildings carbon footprint as the mix will be sourced locally. The building will also be clad in locally harvested timber and photo-voltaic solar panels to maximise the use of the sun. Due to its location, a geothermal heating system will be used to coincide with the thermal mass of the rammed earth walls which will aim to regulate the temperature of the building. The form is created to maximise the use of the sunlight without creating uncomfortable direct light and warmth in the rooms, as sections of the domes are removed and replaced with glass, allowing light in at certain points of the day. The density of the rammed earth domes however, has meant that the roof of the ground floor had to be made much thicker than usual to withhold the weight.

Volumes subtracted to create controlled light source

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Final Design

FINAL DESIGN

GC1

GC2

GC5

GC6

GC7

GC8

GC9

GC10

Thesis

Site Study

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Development

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Key: 1. IT Suite 2.Library 3. Metro Entrance 4.Public Toilet 5. Glass Workshop 6. Ceramic Workshop 7. Studio Space 8. Market 9. Nursery

1:500

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Final Design

Blackett Stre

et

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Staff Access (Private)

Public Access

Key: 1. IT Suite 2.Library 3. Metro Entrance 4.Public Toilet

1:100 Ground Floor Plan

Thesis

Site Study

Development

View of the library.

The rammed earth walls provide a large cave like den that blocks out the light and noise to create a warm cosy environment for children to sit within and read. The heaviness of the walls also stops noise from escaping allowing parents to feel comfortable knowing children playing wont disturb others within the library.

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Final Design

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2 1

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Staff Access (Private)

Public Access

Key: 1. Play Tower 2.Glass Gallery 3.Gallery Reception 4..Office and Meeting rooms 5. Staff Kitchen 6.WC

1:100 First Floor Plan

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2 1

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Staff Access (Private)

Public Access

Key: 1. Play Tower 2.Ceramic Gallery 3.Life Drawing room 4.Painting studio 5.Children’s Art class room 6.Photography Studio

7. Gallery Reception 8. WC

1:100 Second Floor Plan

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Staff Access (Private)

Public Access

Key: 1. Play Tower

1:100 Third Floor Plan

Thesis

Site Study

Development

View from Greys Monument.

The play tower sits opposite the monument and is largely glass, allowing natural light to pour in and to act as a symbol for the project as a place for children and parents to enjoy within the city.

This also creates the entrance to the gallery and public toilets.

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Final Design

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Staff Access (Private)

11 Public Access

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Key: 1. Glass Workshop 2. Ceramic Workshop 3. Reception and Recycling Centre 4. Studio Space 5. Cold Glass studio 6. 3d printer and laser cutter 7. Drying room 8. Market 9. Staff Change 10.Office 11. Toilets

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Nel

son

1:100 Ground Floor Plan

Stre

et

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Thesis

Site Study

Development

View of Glass Blowing workshop from ground floor.

The chimney allows for the sunlight to pour down into the space, creating a bright space to work within with natural ventilation from the large glass window. As people work within the workshops, children working in the education hub above can sit within pods that allow for views down into the workshop without disturbing those working below.

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Final Design

Thesis

Site Study

Development

Final Design

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2

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1. Drop unwanted glass off into drop off points outside of building 2. Watch the machine at work as it sorts, washes and crushes the glass 3. Collect the crushed glass from the reception ready to be melted down and used within the workshop Plan of Reception and Recycling Centre 1:50

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Staff Access (Private)

9 Public Access

Key:

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1. Workshop Pod 2. Flexible Working Space 3. Recycling Centre Viewing Platform 4. IT suite 5. Teaching room 6. Staff Room 7. Office 8. Kitchen 9. Toilets

1:100 First Floor Plan

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Key: 1.IT Suite 2.Glass Gallery 3.Ceramic Gallery 4. Glass Workshop 5. Glass Workshop Pod 6. Cold Glass Studio 7.Education Learning Hub 8.Flexible Studios 9.Teaching room 10.Market

1:100 Section

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Blackett Street Nelson Street

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2 3

Staff Access (Private)

Public Access

Key: 1. Play Chimney 2. Sleep room 3. Class room 4. Kitchen 5 Office 6.WC

1:100 Ground Floor Plan

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4

1

5

2 3

Staff Access (Private)

Public Access

Key: 1. Play Chimney 2. Sleep room 3. Class room 4. Kitchen 5.Staff room 6. Toilet

1:100 First Floor Plan

Thesis

2

4

Site Study

Development

4

Key: 1. Reception and Recycling Centre 2. Recycling Centre Viewing Platform 3. Glass Workshop 4. Education Pod 5. Ceramic Workshop 6. Play Chimney (Nursery) 7. Staff Kitchen (Nursery) 8. WC (Nursery) 9. Reception (Nursery)

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1:200

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Final Design

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Thesis

Site Study

Development

View from new gap between Blackett and Nelson street towards Greys Monument.

The ceramic tiles sit along a timber frame that allows them to be placed to gain maximum southern light into the library, IT suite and gallery space whilst also providing privacy for those working within this space.

This also allows for views out onto the chimney tops from the galleries.

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Final Design

REFLECTION

I have found this semester both challenging and enjoyable, whilst I have loved working on this project and developing my knowledge of feminist designs, I found the scale of the project to be daunting and it took me a while to navigate the brief and carve my own understandings of it.

But I think once I had a clear thesis that allowed to integrate my understandings of feminist design into the project, I felt more confident within my work and it is something I wish to pursue into my next years work.

I think I have created a series of interesting spaces that are designed with the users in mind, however, with a bit more time, I

would love to zoom into some of the spaces and design with more detail. Perhaps work into the tile design and create my own tiles that would sit upon the building.

I would also like to have explained more elements of the spaces through drawings.

With more time I would have liked to have done interior visuals of the entrance chimney that shows the reception and recycling hub and an interior visual of the children’s play tower to showcase the playfulness of the spaces.

Next semester I’d like to spend some time working on my rendering skills and learning new software, as well as developing my knowledge of sustainable design.

DEVELOPMENT BOOKLET

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