Z6P2

1

Callum Jacob Harker BA Architecture Portfolio 2019-2020 Stage 3 17037896 | Academic Portfolio

3

2

Satge 3 Academic Portfolio ARC:3001: Architectual Design Studio 4: House of Memories Newcastle University

Callum Jacob Harker 17037896

Academic Portfolio |

| Academic Portfolio

TABLE OF CONTENTS REFLECTIVE ANALYSIS

06-07 5

4

ARCH3001 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PRIMER FEILD TRIP CASE STUDY STAGING THINKING THROUGH MAKING REALISATION REFINEMENT SYSTHESIS REVIEW APENDIX

09-27 29-31 32-38 39-58 59-65 67-91 93-104 105-147

CHARETTE CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY ARCH3001 TECHTONIC INTERGRATION CASE STUDY REPORT ARCH3013 ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY REPORT STUDY PART ONE DETAILED SECTION 1:20 PART TWO

ATTACHED AS SEPERATE DOCUMENTS

ARCH3014 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE AND MANAGEMENT ARCH3015 THEORY INTO PRACTICE ARCH3060 DISSERTATION IN ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES NEW WORK

Academic Portfolio |

REFINED WORK

| Academic Portfolio

6

REFLECTIVE ANALYSIS House of Memories

7 Before the project started, the primer stage helped to enhance my understanding of dementia as an illness. Because of the nature

was important that the environment did nott feel clinical or confining in order to relax patients and ensure they feel as comfortable

of neurodegeneration, stimulation of the brain can act as a form of social prescribing to inhibit the progression of the disease. This

as possible. This was achieved by incorporating a theme of nature throughout the building including: glulam tree structures, which

can include sensory and mental stimulation, including retrieval of memories, triggered by associations with the senses. In order

allow sunlight to pass into an ordinarily dark area, allowing the space to feel larger, naturally curved walls, to imitate a plant

to achieve this, a sensory pod was developed. This is a space that is filled with activities and features that engage the minds and

blowing in the wind and most importantly, the inclusion of foliage in the grounds and courtyard so that resident can go out and

senses of the patients who inhabit them, encouraging memory retrieval and brain engagement. The first element I created was a

enjoy the nature , further stimulating their senses. These features all enhance the sensory experience of both residents and visitors

sensory table, which can be folded out to reveal many activities such as plaster casts that patients are able to feel and interactive

whilst being a place where people will want to spend their time.

games. In addition to this, I created a sensory blanket, which patients can hold and touch when relaxing or sitting down.

The blanket is personalised with patients’ own memorabilia being added, triggering memories of the past to further enhance

An helpful resource during the design of the dementia care facility was the simulations that I was able to use. It was important that

neurological functioning.

as much natural light as possible was allowed into the building to connect with the themes of nature and tranquillity, but also, to ensure patients did not feel trapped and confined, giving the facility a spacious and open feel. However, dementia patients also

Once finished, the room invited the use of all the senses from dementia patients and I thought about what a difference this could

require safety and areas of privacy as this is their new home. The Velux and Sketchup simulations identified areas where sunlight

make to the usually mundane and greyscale lives that dementia patients often have in unspecialised care facilities. This also made

would not reach, and I was able to modify this in order to maximise the amount of sunlight that was able to enter the building.

me think of ways in which, I could incorporate sensory stimulation into the design of my own dementia care facility.

The envi-met simulation was also useful in that it identified vulnerabilities in the structure to strong wind speeds, as well as

Because of the need for accessibility, the constraints and regulations of the design also altered, including an increase in the widths

humidity levels to ensure thermal comfort was taken advantage of around the building. Outdoor seating areas were also

of doors, ramps to allow wheelchair access and many others. Another thing that was considered was the idea of highlighting

strategically placed to protect from strong winds, creating a more temperate environment to enjoy social interactions outdoors.

important features of the rooms in a brighter or more prominent colour. Dementia patients often struggle to differentiate between

The use of these simulation softwares highlighted problems that had not been considered before and was, therefore, changed

the background and foreground, so it was imperative that important areas including the toilet, bed and sink were easily identifiable

accordingly so that these problems would not translate into a negative experience for the user.

to them. Because of this lack of recognition of areas, dementia patients can often become disorientated and lost. To overcome this, a loop was created in the circulation of the building so that the facility is easily navigated, as well as unique objects placed in

The house of memories project has alerted me to the importance and privilege of being an architect. The profession enables us

different areas so patients can associate these objects with, for example the kitchen or living area. Another issue dementia patients

to improve the lives of so many people with artistry and craft to enable ease of use and accessibility. We are also able to provide

face is the lack of autonomy that can often ensue when they have to go into care facilities. To maintain this, kitchens and seating

social spaces which can bring joy to so many. In reflection, the importance of thinking innovatively surrounding the client’s needs is

areas are in place so that, when visitors come to see the patients, they can have their own individual areas and privacy with their

paramount as it can, ultimately, be used to improve the experience of all inhabitants. Moreover, I have become aware of the

family and friends.

importance and usefulness of simulations in architectural design, which help to capacitate for externa factors that can be optimised for the client’s needs. It was also interesting to see the array of adaptations that had to be made to capacitate for a

Academic Portfolio |

Reflective Analysis

A vital part of the design was ensuring that both the exterior and interior spaces were welcoming and inviting. The purpose of this

dementia patient’s needs, as these adaptations and inclusion of sensory stimulation can even slow the disease. This has made me

facility is to encourage the local community to engage with residents as well as utilising the spaces to socialise. From the inside, it

understand that client’s needs must be individually assessed, in order to achieve the best outcome and user satisfaction.

Reflective Analysis| Academic Portfolio

9

8

PRIMER Extensive Research - Site Analysis - Sensory Pod

Academic Portfolio |

Introduction

Primer

| Academic Portfolio

in England 4.3 people per 100

10

population aged 65 years and over

11

have a recorded diagnosis of dementia on their GP practice record in 2018

850,000 people currently live in the UK with Dementia

HOUSE OF MEMORIES Naveen Hamza & Stuart Franklin The purpose of the primer stage was to design a full scale sensory pod for dementia patients to use. Before the design process started, it was important that I had an understanding of the disease and challenges sufferers face to ensure the sensory pod would be fit for purpose, to help rehabilitate such patients. The function of the sensory pod is to captivate dementia patients’ senses, which can help them to reconnect with memories and improve cognitive functioning. This sensory stimulation has been shown to slow down the progression of the disease and is therefore a major component in the treatment of these patients.

DEMENTIA Sight

Touch

Taste

These sensory elements which help to stimulate dementia patients’ senses can be carried forward and incorporated into the final dementia care facility.

Smell

Sound

Academic Portfolio |

Primer

for people aged under 65 years in England, 3.4 people per 10,000 population have a diagnosis, an increase on the rate for 2017

Extended Research Dementia is one of the many diseases that has rapidly affected our ageing population, causing more disabilities than cancer, heart disease or strokes. Although, there are medications that can slow the progression of the disease, ther is currently no cure (Alzheimer’s Research UK (2020)(2). Architects have a unique opportunity to creating purpose built environments for dementia patients which, not only allows them to live “fulfilled lives”, but gradually slows the disease progression.

(Ella Braidwood, 2017)(1)

Accurate statistics from GOV.UK of dementia patients living in the UK (5)

Dementia is an illness that affects the brain in various different ways including: memory, mood, communication skills and mental health, which can result in them feeling very disorientated and confused. There are an estimated 850,000 people living in the UK who have been diagnosed with dementia (Public Health England (2018)(3). As these people deteriorate, it becomes more and more difficult for their families to care for them and, as a result, they may need to go into respite or full-time care. It is, therefore, essential to capacitate for the needs of these patients.

Whilst there is no curative treatment, sensory treatment can be effective in relieving the disorientation and agitation that often occurs when sufferers of dementia become confused or stressed. Engaging all the senses (hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch) when sufferers are having a crisis, can help them to reconnect with memories and experiences that they associate with calmness and pleasure, helping to alleviate their difficulties (Wegerer, J. (2017)(4). If this sensory stimulation could be incorporated into buildings made to house people living with dementia, it could make the remainder of their life more relaxed and enjoyable.

1 in 6 people

over the age of 80 have dementia.

Accurate Statistics From Alzeimers Society people living with dementia over the age of 80 (6)

Primer | Academic Portfolio

13

12

SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA

INTERIOR DESIGN FOR DEMENTIA

Extended Research

Extended Research

Sundowning syndrome

The interior design of a dementia care facility must be carefully considered. Although, an architect cannot cure dementia, they can adapt the environment to capacitate for the needs of the patient. This can include the inclusion of familiar objects which patients can associate with areas and in turn, become more familiar with their surroundings. Another thing that coincides with dementia is the decreasing eyesight of the patient which, combined with dementia can cause confusion and lack of special awareness. To overcome this, bright colours can be used on key features including light switches, hand-rails and toilets to make them easily identifiable. Another thing that can cause problems for dementia patients is the confusion with newer items, for example, trying to put an electric kettle on a stove to heat up when they want to make a cup of tea. Therefore, older furniture could be used to make the facility feel more homely and recognisable to inhabitants.(9)

As the day progresses, the symptoms of dementia become increasingly severe, causing patient distress. At night time, darkness can cause disorientation and confusion. To overcome this, patients can be distracted with sensory elements and areas must be well lit at all times. (7) Other symptoms include: Confusion and disorientation which can cause patients to become distressed when they become lost or confused in situations. Combined with pre- existing visual impairment, patients can have difficulty identifying objects that blend into backgrounds - Changes in mood can be observed including increased anxiety and depression over time.

-Forgetfulness which can have a huge social impact and becomes progressively worse, with Person forgetting their friends and family, as well as their short-term memory becoming disrupted.(8)

Academic Portfolio |

Primer

Primer | Academic Portfolio

15

14

Academic Portfolio |

Primer

Primer | Academic Portfolio

17

16

SENSORY EXPERIMENTATION

SENSORY BLANKET

Plaster Mould These plaster casts were created in order to allow patients to feel different textures, with smooth and bumpy surfaces that patients can run their hands over. This will help to enhance the sensory stimulation and experience for residents of the facility.

Academic Portfolio |

Primer

This blanket is made from many different fabrics, with other memorable items sewn on to enhance the sensory experience. These memorable items come from a patient’s past and can help them reconnect with memories associated with these souvenirs. For example, a tie may be added that had been worn to a wedding or a keyring from a holiday. This recollection of memory is a form of stimulation that can help to reduce the progression of dementia.

Primer | Academic Portfolio

PROCESS SKETCHES

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Sensory Table

Sensory Table

19

18

Academic Portfolio |

Primer

Primer | Academic Portfolio

SENSORY TABLE

SENSORY TABLE

Axonometric Render

Perspective Render of Table being Utilised

This can be used as an ordinary table but opens up to reveal many sensory activities and storage areas. The corners of the table are curved to ensure that if a patient should fall, there is less chance they would injure themselves. In addition to this, the cover on20 the top of the table is rolled under to reveal the activities, making it both easier and safer than a folding lid so the user are able to gain access. This table allows both sensory stimulation and invites social interaction.

Academic Portfolio |

Primer

21

Primer | Academic Portfolio

23

22

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Sensory Table Curve

Sensory Table

A template was made from dowels, where the wood would be bent to form the curved edge. Although this method was interesting, the pine wood kept cracking so an alternative method was introduced using birchwood, which properties were more suited to allow bending.

A key element of this table is its storage area. To create this, the pine was screwed together to make compartments, in which activities could be stored.

Academic Portfolio |

Primer

Primer | Academic Portfolio

25

24

PRIMER SHOW

SENSORY POD

Final Exhabition

Final Exhabition

This was an exhibition of all of the sensory pods created by different groups. Each pod had a variety of unique sensory features and was a celebration of the senses. These new ideas inspired many aspects of my dementia care facility.

The Design and making of the table are specifically designed in a way that allows the user to feel the different textures provided within the interior spaces of the table. Furthermore, playful mind games are inserted into the table, which allows the user to interact with them. Games such as football and maze-games are pressure sensed, allowing the user to control where the ball is directed towards, by gently pressing down onto the tablet of the game. The design of the table is curved in a way to make it user-friendly and hazard free from sharp edges. Nevertheless, the semi-circle design of the curve allows the user to cover the table up with the removable tabletop. Additional storage units are provided within the table to make room for components of the game and tactical blankets.

Academic Portfolio |

Primer

Primer | Academic Portfolio

27

26

SENSORY POD

SENSORY POD

Final Exhabition

Final Exhabition

Smelling familiar scents triggers different types of memories that patients might associate with being in a cafe with close relatives when they smell the scent of the coffee beans.

An instrument wall created so that patients could utilise the instruments located on the wall. They can brush their hands against the different parts and listen to an array of different noises being produced. These noises cause dementia patients to be less agitated and can make it easier for careers to look after them.

Some of the dementia patients may have been musicians and could be reminded of memories of when they used to be able to play.

Academic Portfolio |

Primer

The idea behind the virtual window is to help patient imagine that they are in a different environment, with the peaceful sounds of each environment helping the user to remain calm and less agitated.

The items on the shelves are projections for decorations to prevent objects from falling off onto a patient and injuring them.

Primer | Academic Portfolio

29

28

FEILD TRIP Berlin - Case Study - The Riechstag

Academic Portfolio |

| Academic Portfolio

31

30

FEILD TRIP

THE JEWISH MUSEUM

Reflective Analysis

Daniel Libeskind

Having visited many buildings around Berlin, I enjoyed seeing how the culture had influenced the design. There was a broad spectrum of materiality as numerous star architects have innervated to create such structures. Some of the buildings such as the Reichstag and the Jewish museum are infused with history and memories, with the city itself being majoritively rebuilt after the destruction caused by war. Because of this, new technology has been welcomed into Berlin’s contemporary architecture, which I find very inspiring. When walking around these areas it was difficult not to remember the History associated with Berlin because of the souvenirs that are scattered across the city, including the berlin wall and the Jewish memorial. This was very inciteful and made me think of ways in which I could trigger memories within a dementia care facility and will no doubt influence my future designs.

The Jewish museum epitomised remembrance and reflection. Many of the exhibitions there appealed to the senses in order to connect with the experiences and memories associated with the holocaust. This included a dark, cold room with only a tiny amount of light on the ceiling that seemed so far out of reach to a person standing at the bottom. This was very moving and symbolic of the distant hope that Jewish people would have had in the most diabolical and inhumane conditions in concentration camps. This relates to the themes of memory and sensory stimulation in dementia patients as experiences can be associated with memories and sensory features for example smells or music. Therefore, these sensory stimuli can be harnessed to trigger memories of experiences in dementia patients.

Academic Portfolio |

Feild Trip

Feild Trip| Academic Portfolio

33

32

THE DEBATING CHAMBERS

Paul Wallot Design, west elevation of the Reichstag , 1894

THE CONSERVATION OF THE PAST Case Study

Case Study

F. Studio Relevance F. Studio Relevance The Reichstag was built in 1895, and formed a connection between parliament and the general public. The building enabled people to communicate their ideas/interests to parliament as the “middle-class society were beginning to grow in confidence” (33)at beginning of the twentieth century. Sir Norman Foster,(designer of the redeveloped Reichstag) explains that the stylish status of the Reichstag, soon became an Imperial symbol of its time. For the first time in German history, “Parliament had ascended to the same height as the church” (34)therefore, freedom of speech, closely coincided with parliament’s increased authority. Foster understood this, within his reinterpreted design of the second-round competition. Enabling him to “restored the chamber to its original orientation”(35), in an attempt to reconnect the resilient bond between parliament and the community. as the chamber was the “most Important space on the principle floor of the Reichstag”,(36) it was initially placed in the centre of the building in Wallot’s design. Foster’s reinterpretation of the debating chamber design, bore similarity to the old Waterworks in Bonn where the Bundstag was originally placed. The design also took Plan of the first floor of the Reichstag by Paul Wallot orignal design in 1894 Fig(22) inspiration from Behnisch’s chamber, where the seating was circular to ensure everyone could be seen when debating. Again, Foster wanted to preserve the circular seating, in keeping with the historic bundstag traditions.

Academic Portfolio |

Case Study

During the renovation of the Reichstag in 1999, Foster stripped back the lining interiors of Paul Baumgarten’s design (of 1964), due to health regulations. By removing the plasterboard of interior design, “the bones of Paul Wallot’s Reichstag came to light” along with the historic past of the last 30 years. Foster made the decision to preserve the engravings of Cyrillic letters, fragmented across the pale sandstone interior surfaces, which were graffitied using charcoal for the soldiers and blue crayons for those of the officers. Foster wanted to use the Soviet inscriptions as a way to represent and preserve the memory of the Soviet occupation zone in Berlin and the battle of the Reichstag, to understand the historic value of the building.(28)(29)

Plan of the first floor of the Reichstag by Sir Norman Foster reconstructed design in 1999

Case Study | Academic Portfolio

35

34

THE RENOVATION OF THE DOME

BUILDING VENTILATION STRUCTURE

Case Study

Case Study

F. Studio Relevance After the original dome was damaged during the fire of the Reichstag in 1933 and the mass bombings in world war 2. It was subsequently damaged during the captivity of the building by the Soviet Union in 1945.

There was a lot of debate on, whether or not the dome should be reconstructed, as it had been suggested that the dome expresses an “arrogant behaviour of the past”.(27) However, the Bundestag overruled this, and made it mandatory for the design of Foster’s redevelopment of the Reichstag to incorporate a dome. The dome of the Reichstag remains as a “symbol of the former sovereignty”, and insinuates the German’s former aspirations of “global leadership” .(13)

Academic Portfolio |

Case Study

The structure of the Reichstag is designed in a way to allow natural air to flow towards the western portico, which it is then pumped into a plenum beneath the debating chamber. The fresh air is then pumped through the perforated mesh of the floor boards (acting as a filter). As the air heats up, it raises up and becomes ventilated through the “funnelled shape cone”. The waste air is then realised through an opening at the top of the dome.(32)

Case Study | Academic Portfolio

37

36

Academic Portfolio |

Charrette

| Academic Portfolio

39

38

STAGING Site Analysis - Dementia Pod - Programme - Massing

Academic Portfolio |

Case Study

Staging | Academic Portfolio

41

40

BREIF

SITE MODEL

Introduction

1:1500 Scaled

The brief was to design a dementia residential pod inside a care facility where residents can relax and unwind. Often dementia patients can become stressed and disorientated depending on the interior and lighting of their environment. The pod must be hospitable and homely so that residents feel comfortable, in addition to sensory elements to stimulate and occupy them.

site model shows the existing site, as well as the proposed site within the suburban area

Academic Portfolio |

Staging

Staging| Academic Portfolio

SITE ANALYSIS Westgate Community, Newcastle Upon Tyne

43

42

SITE MODEL 1:1500 Scaled

Academic Portfolio |

Staging

Staging | Academic Portfolio

TYPOLOGY Westgate Community, Newcastle Upon Tyne There are many schools that are within walking distance of the site, as well as being situated in the heart of the Westgate community. This means that there could be demand for use of a community, inter-generational space inside the facility, where young people and the community 44can come and socialise with dementia sufferers as well as with each other.

45

SITE MATERIALALITY The materiality of the site is very urban with the theme of masonry and sandstone building, without a lot of landscape design. Therefore, diverge from this, I have proposed to uses the materials of glulam timber frame structure.These materials are also more sustainable.

Academic Portfolio |

Staging

Staging | Academic Portfolio

47

46

SITE VIEWS 1:1000 scale One of the key aspects is that there are lots of listed building in close proximity to the site, which would be demolished to make way for an entrance on the east side for local schools and the community.

Academic Portfolio |

Staging

| Academic Portfolio

SITE ANALYSIS Axonometric View

48

Academic Portfolio |

49

| Academic Portfolio

51

50

DAYLIGHT SIMULATION Site Analysis The daylight simulation describes the distribution of shadows and sunlight at different times of the year. The building can be positioned accordingly to ensure that outdoor seating areas are not in the shadows for most of the year.

The only concern with the shadows in the winter and autumn times is the listed building facing south of the proposed site. This may cause a minor overshadowing for the proposed design if an outdoor seating area or park is built on the southern side of the site

Academic Portfolio |

Staging

Staging | Academic Portfolio

53

52

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS Nord Architects The innovative design of the Alzheimer’s village by Nord Architects captures that atmosphere of daily life. The exposure to nature and daily activities motivates patients to venture through the village. Although the design is a contemporary build, it still manages to recreate the atmosphere of the local french town in Dax, bringing back the arched architecture for locals to feel more in their comfort zone.

MASSING Circulation Sketch + Massing Models

Figure 1

Diagramtic sketches and massing models showing the circulation of the rooms within the site context and the shape of the building.

Figure 1,2,3 - Nordarchitects.dk. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.nordarchitects.dk/alzheimer-dax> [Accessed 17 March 2020].

Figure 2

Academic Portfolio |

Staging

Figure 3

Staging | Academic Portfolio

55

54

MASSING Diagramatic Sketches Massing design, showing how the design fits into the context of the site and the entrance points which can be accessed.

Academic Portfolio |

Staging

Staging | Academic Portfolio

56

DEMENTIA POD

IESVE

Plan + Section

Day Light Simulation Using IESVE it was evident that the large widows and the orientation of the building allowed maximal solar gains to the residential bedroom

Staggered windows are situated facing the courtyard to allow a view of other residents and visitors in the green spaces, which are clustered with vegetation and foliage, including lavender and sage to engage the sense of smell. There are also memorable pictures on the wall which can be used to trigger memories and help with mental stimulation. Rooms are spacious enough to invite visitors in for a social interaction.

57

The 30 degree angled roof is positioned to allow maximal sunlight into the room

Academic Portfolio |

Staging

Staging

Staging

Staging| Academic Portfolio

ENVIROMENTAL DESIGN Section - Dementia Pod

59

58

Rainwater Natural Source of Sunlight - The roof design of the dementia pod is slopped on a 30-degree angle. Therefore, providing the room with a natural source of light throughout the majority of the day.

- As the design of the roof offers that 30 angled slope, this allows rainwater to flow down the slant, providing plants with a renewable source.

THINKING THROUGH MAKING Sensory Experimentation - Sensory Shelf

Vegetation -The colourful scented flowers of lavender and sage provide the room with a fresh welcoming smell, as a natural source of ventilation can flow through the open windows and out through the top of the roof.

Academic Portfolio |

Staging

Staging

Thinking Through Making | Academic Portfolio

61

60

SENSORY SHELF SKETCH

SHELF CONSTRUCTION 1:20 scale

To develop the themes from the sensory pod a sensory wall was created. This incorporated different sensory modalities including various textures, foliage, games and photos, all of which will contribute towards mental stimulation when a patient engages.

Academic Portfolio |

Thinking Through Making

This model was made from laser cut MDF, which was then glued together in a geometric form, with each triangle encapsulating a different texture or allowing different shapes of light to pass through.

Thinking Through Making | Academic Portfolio

63

62

SENSORY TEMPLATES

SENSORY TEMPLATES

Experimentation

Experimentation

Knitted patches, fabrics from clothing (e.g ties and dresses), zips, buttons, bells and books were all included in different segments of the wall. This variety of sensory stimuli would hopefully attract dementia patients to interact.

Because of the interesting textures and appendages, children will also be drawn to the wall and will be able to converse with residents. This facilitates further social stimulation for dementia patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s but also allows children to communicate with different types of people, hence developing their social skills.

Academic Portfolio |

Thinking Through Making

Thinking Through Making | Academic Portfolio

65

64

SENSORY SHELF MODEL Presentation

The design of the sensory shelf is for dementia patients to help ease the symptoms of sensual processing disorder, anxiety, as well as depression, helping to slow down the process of the disease. The shelf provides a variety of different material textures in different template forms, for patients to feel on their journey down through the corridor. As well as this, the hollow fragments of the unit act as a storage facility to display a range of individual personalised items from different patients that acts as a stimulus to help reconnect a patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s memory when they see that item. Furthermore, a few of the sensory panels are purposely situated closer to the floor, acting as an interacting barrier, for children to engage with dementia patients whilst playing with the material templates. Finally, the shelf runs parallel with the window, allowing sunlight to seep through the hollow spaces in the shelf, enlightening the room with the fragmented pattern.

Academic Portfolio |

Thinking Through Making

| Academic Portfolio

67

66

REALISATION REVIEW Massing Process - Design Exploration

Academic Portfolio |

Realisation Review

Realisation Review | Academic Portfolio

69

68

BRIEF Introduction The brief was to design a dementia care facility incorporating an intergenerational space for patients and people from the community to socialise. In order to inform decisions on the positioning and orientation of the building, urban performance simulation such as ENVI-MET and Sketchup. It is important that the light, wind and humidity information provided by such software is acknowledged as shadows on the ground can often be misinterpreted by dementia patients as black holes and can cause distress and anxiety.

It is vital that there is accessibility throughout the facility for wheelchairs and stretchers in order safely transport patients, as well as allowing access to ambulances and healthcare professionals.

Arguably the most important factor is the integration of sensory stimuli into the facility. This acts to engage the brains of dementia patients to help delay the progression of the disease.

Academic Portfolio |

Realisation Review

| Academic Portfolio

MASSING PROCESS

70

Massing conscribed the positioning of individual spaces on the site and how they would interconnect coherently to allow ease of access throughout the circulation of the building.

Private and public spaces are also highlighted along with how they connect together.

71

PROCESS SKETCHES Circulation These sketches show the evolution of my design, I experimented different circulation routes and geometric arrangements.

Academic Portfolio |

Realisation Review

Realisation Review | Academic Portfolio

73

72

DIAGRAMATIC SKETCHES

PLAN SKETCH

Process work

1:500 Scaled Sketch

These diagramtic sketches show the progression of the design throughout the early stages of the process.

Sketches showing the circulation process and the relationship between the indvidual rooms throughout the design from an early stage.

Academic Portfolio |

Realisation Review

Realisation Review | Academic Portfolio

Private

MASSING PROCESS Circulation

Semi-Private 75

74

Public

ROOM PROGRAM Private, Semi-private, and Public sectors The residential dementia care facility is home to eight patients with two multifunctional activity rooms and one auditorium, which are all semi-accessible to the public, i.e it could be closed off at any time should the circumstance arise. Additionally, the facility has a sensory room, two small living rooms, visitorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; room and a dining area, which are accessible to patients and their family members. Furthermore, to connect the community to the facility, there is a games room as well as a large multi-purpose room which can be utilised by primary school children who wish to partake in afterschool activities. Moreover, the centre has a cafĂŠ/ foyer, for family members and visitors to socialise when they come to visit residents. Finally, there is: an administration room, a staff meeting room (providing an area for staff to meet and discuss care plans), a break room, a laundry room, as well as multiple storage rooms, interspersed around the facility.

Academic Portfolio |

Realisation Review

Realisation Review | Academic Portfolio

MASSING PROCESS

MASSING PROCESS

Private + Public Spaces

Daylight Simulation The courtyards are positioned in such a way that they will always have exposure to sunlight throughout the year, permitting year-long access for residents to enjoy the sunshine.

77

76

Academic Portfolio |

Realisation Review

Realisation Review | Academic Portfolio

MASSING PROCESS Devolopment From the sketchup simulation, it was evident that in October, the courtyard would be devoid of sunlight, due to the shadows. It was therefore, decided to be rotated on an orthogonal path to the south west corner which, as shown, increases the exposure to sunlight.

79

78

Academic Portfolio |

Realisation Review

Realisation Review | Academic Portfolio

As shown there is a loop that exists in the circulation of the building, overcoming the issues dementia patients face with disorientation and becoming lost.

81

80

REALISATION REVIEW Presentation

Academic Portfolio |

Presentation

| Academic Portfolio

WIND SPEED SIMULATION Envi-Met Data Analysis

82

Academic Portfolio |

As shown in the wind speed simulation, there is high wind velocity coming from the south west direction, creating large amounts of wind resistance on the south west side of the building. To prevent this in the proposed design, trees are incorporated to reduce the impact of the wind.

The entrance of the facility is situated on the east side to prevent wind tunnels within the structure .

83

Presentation | Academic Portfolio

DAYLIGHT SIMULATION Sketchup Final Massing Stages The daylight simulation tests shown in the final massing shows that courtyards can be exposed to sunlight throughout the year.

85

84

Academic Portfolio |

Presentation

Presentation | Academic Portfolio

ELEVATION

SECTION A

1:500 scale Facade Render

1:500 Section Render

I have chosen to use the materials of glulam timber frame structure with a scotlarch timber cladding to make the entrance welcoming for the community to use it as a communial hub 87

86

Academic Portfolio |

Presentation

Presentation | Academic Portfolio

SECTION B

SECTION C

1:500 Section Render

1:500 Section Render

89

88

Academic Portfolio |

Presentation

Presentation | Academic Portfolio

PRIVATE + PUBLIC SPACES

AXONOMETRIC VIEW

Axonometric View As shown, areas of different domains connect within the building, allowing ease of access to the people with the relevant clearance.

91

90

Academic Portfolio |

Presentation

Presentation | Academic Portfolio

93

92

REFINEMENT Process and Development of Project

Academic Portfolio |

Refinement

Refinement | Academic Portfolio

PROCESS 1:200 Development Ground Floor Plan The

95

94

REFLECTION Project Development After receiving feedback from the review, more of a focus must be placed on intergenerational spaces therefore, a landscaped roof ramp was developed. This provides an increasingly welcoming entrance to invite children and the community in.

Academic Portfolio |

Refinement

Refinement | Academic Portfolio

ELEVATION FACADE 1:200 scale Elevation faรงade shows the integration between the ramped roof and the intergenerational spaces. The landscaped design is developed so that the entrance looks enticing and promotes the ongoing theme of nature.

97

96

Academic Portfolio |

Refinement

Refinement | Academic Portfolio

SECTION A 1:200 scale Glulam tree structures are incorporated into the activity centre to promote the thee of nature, allowing maximal natural light into the building.

99

98

Academic Portfolio |

Refinement

Refinement | Academic Portfolio

101

100

AXONOMETRIC VIEW

STRUCTURAL STRATAGY Axonometric - ARC3013 The Structure of my design is driven by a continuoud flow of curves that extreudes out onto an othogononal path at a 30-degree angle, allowing a higher percentage of natural light to enter into the residential area. The primary structure of my design is a glulam timber frame, with glulam tree structure pillars, providing structural stability for long spanning beams.

Academic Portfolio |

Refinement | Academic Portfolio

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 1:200 Scaled Ground Floor Plan The strucutrual stratagy of the building design has been alternated, allowing the repetative flow of the curved wall structure to flow to the same point 103

102

Academic Portfolio |

Refinement

Refinement | Academic Portfolio

105

104

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

SYSTHESIS REVIEW

Perspective Renders Perspective renders that were originally used for the synthesis review but yet now have been improved

Academic Portfolio |

Refinement

Design Explortation - Final Design

Systhesis Review | Academic Portfolio

CONCEPTS

Development of Key Concepts 107

106

Private and Public courtyards will be integrated into the design, providing both a source of natural light and outdoor volumes

TYPES OF USERS Private, Semi-private, and Public sectors

Lack of Landscape Design

Intergenerational spaces, such as afterschool activity rooms will be brought in, allowing the community to interact with the building

The Primary users for this facility are people of all ages who suffer from dementia, as well as students from the local primary school around the Westgate community. These users will be focused on the most during

Loss of ownership in their surroundings

Disconnected from Society

the design consideration. Moreover, The users will range from permanent to temporary (see diagram on the right) The building's circulation will have a looping motion, allowing the residents to ďŹ nd their way back to the exact spot when moving forward

Healthcare Facilities & Assisted- Living Institutions (Issues)

Temporary users: Staff, who will often have a rotational shift swap throughout the week and temporarily inhabit the building

Lack of daily routine and activities

Unable to ďŹ nd their place in a facility

Activity centres for resident and visitor use will be designed to provide residents with daily activities that they can participate in throughout the day.

The Westgate community, who will often inhabit the building regularly as a communal hub to have social interactions with friends in the cafe area and activities lounge.

Local primary school students, who will often visit the facility to take part

Dining room areas will provide an individual fabrication of a dining set, where residents can have a family gathering, whilst washing and put their plates away after their meal. therefore claiming ownership

in afterschool activities or meet up with friends Family/Friends visitors, who will visit the facility with the intentions of visiting permanent residents in the facility. making use of the family/friends visiting room, lounge areas, dining area and activity rooms.

Permanent Users:

People who suffer from the disease of dementia and need professional help to take care of themselves. However, still want to be involved with the local community, taking part in activities with residents or family/ friend visitors.

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

Systhesis Review| Academic Portfolio

RESIDENTIAL STRATAGY RESIDENTIAL STRATAGY Private, Semi-private, and Public sectors

Circulation Diagram

Schedule of of accommodation accommodation Schedule A detailed diagram A detailed diagram (shown (shown to to the the right), right), shows shows the the connections between between each each room room in in the the building, connections demonstrating the mechanism of the private, building, demonstrating the mechanism of thesemi-pripri108 vate public and staff areas of the facility. vate, semi-private public and staff areas of the facility.

Academic Portfolio |

109

| Academic Portfolio

111

110

Figure 4

Figure 7

PRECEDENT STUDY

PRECEDENT STUDY

The Sillls, Hexham - JDDK Architects

Nine Bridges Golf Clubhouse - Shigeru Ban (Architect)

The innovative design of ‘The Sills’ national park authority provides a

Taking inspiration from Shigeru Ban’s design, I have included tree glulam tree structures into the design as, they supply the room with a natural and organic feel, as well as allowing increased light into the building

playful structure which has inspired my own proposed design. This allows children to gain access to the first floor, by walking up a gently sloped roof, which incorporates vegetation and activities along the way.

Figure 5

Figure 8

Figure4,5,6 -

Figure7,8,9 -

Darbyshire, J. and Kendall, D., 2020. The Sill National Landscape Discovery Centre. [online] Architecture.com.

Mutuli, I., 2020. Shigeru Ban's Nine Bridges Golf Club House Is A Confluence Of Tradition And Modernisation |

Available at: <https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/riba-region-

Archute. [online] Archute. Available at: <https://www.archute.com/shigeru-bans-nine-br/> [Accessed 17 April

al-awards/riba-north-east-award-winners/2018/the-sill-national-landscape-discovery-centre> [Accessed 17

2020].

April 2020].

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

Figure 6

Figure 9

Systhesis Review| Academic Portfolio

SITE ANALYSIS

MASSING PROCESS

The site is located on the ageing and vitality campus, in close proximity to Westgate road. A number of schools are within walking distance of the site, who could utilise the intergenerational spaces, along with the community in the surrounding area. As the site is located in a densely populated, suburban area, the theme of nature and inclusion of greenery would 112 be welcomed.

1. The Building is curved to allow ambulance access

Academic Portfolio |

113

Systhesis Review | Academic Portfolio

MASSING PROCESS

MASSING PROCESS

2. The structure is split to create an orthoganal angle towards the south west to maximise soclar gains

3. The building is sloped towards the south west, to maximise solar gains 115

114

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

Systhesis Review| Academic Portfolio

MASSING PROCESS

MASSING PROCESS

4. Courtyards are installed to enhance privacy and circulation within the building

5. Final massing with the incorpporation of foliage to add a tranquil and natural enviroment 117

116

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

Systhesis Review| Academic Portfolio

WIND SPEED SIMULATION ENVI-MET Site Analysis As before, the strategically placed trees will block the south-westerly wind from breaking on the south western side of the building. In addition to this, the landscape ramp design has been placed on the east side of the building, as this is the most sheltered side.

118 As shown in the Sketchup daylight simulation test, throughout the year

119

the solar gains to the courtyard are maximised.

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

Systhesis Review| Academic Portfolio

121

120

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

Systhesis Review | Academic Portfolio

MOVEMENT Circulation of Residents throughout the Day A representation of a typical day in the life of a residents and how they move through the spaces 123

122

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

Systhesis Review| Academic Portfolio

SECTION A 1:200 Section Render As shown in section A the addition of landscape design on the roof is visible, along with the glulam tree structures, establishing the ongoing theme of nature and tranquillity throughout.

SECTION A DAYLIGHT SIMULATION 1:200 Section Render VELUX The ENVI-MET simulations show how natural light is able to penetrate the building through the glulam tree structures.

127

126

0mm

5000mm

Academic Portfolio |

10000mm

20000mm | Academic Portfolio

SECTION B 1:200 Section Render Section-cut through the centre of the building showing the inhabited spaces of the lounge area for residents, the family/visitors room situated between the two courtyards, as well as the administration offices and staff lounge.

128

0mm

5000mm

Academic Portfolio |

10000mm

129

20000mm | Academic Portfolio

SECTION C 1:200 Section Render Section-cut through the residential bedrooms, showing the two different types of rooms that are available for patients, as each room has a different view to maintain indviduality.

130

131

MATERIALITY 1:200 Section Render In the facility, scotlarch timber cladding and glulam structures provide a natural and warming feel, which is rarely seen in a suburban community or indeed standard care homes.

0mm

5000mm

Academic Portfolio |

10000mm

20000mm

Scotlarch Timber Cladding

Fine fescue grass

Glulam Timber Collumns

Wet Pour Rubber Surfaces | Academic Portfolio

SECTION D Perspective Render Section D is a section through the private, public and semi-private spaces within the design and shows how these spaces are inhabited by a variety of people for different functions.

133

132

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

Systhesis Review| Academic Portfolio

ELEVATION 1:200 scaled Facade Elevation Render The twisting structural, glulam, columns of the facade provided an inviting and welcoming space for the community that extends across the entire elevation.

135

134

0mm

5000mm

Academic Portfolio |

10000mm

Systhesis Review

20000mm Systhesis Review| Academic Portfolio

137

136

FACADE Exterior Perspective Render A perspective, street level render showing the faรงade of the southern side of the building

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

| Academic Portfolio

139

138

FOYER/CAFE LOUNGE Interior Perspective Render View of the interior spaces of the cafĂŠ/ foyer. As presented, the natural light is able to penetrate through and fill the space with daylight. This area serves as a place for family visitors and members of the community to socialise and use as a communal space.

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

| Academic Portfolio

141

140

DINNING AREA Interior Perspective Render Dining area is well lit with curtain walls that flow down to the floor, providing an illuminated environment for patients to dine in during the day. The dining area is also sectioned off into private sections where family members or visitors can enjoy meals in the company of just their relatives in a private dining area. The prefabricated walls of the sectioned family dining areas provides a homely atmosphere, whilst bring back a certain level of autonomy, as patients can take their dishes back and wash up if they enjoy doing so.

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

| Academic Portfolio

143

142

PATIENTS BEDROOM Interior Perspective Render The interior of the bedroom is very open with a view of the courtyard and foliage enclosed within it. This gives residents a view of the outside, which they can access via the door (which is wide enough for wheelchair access, to enjoy some gardening or smell the multiple herbs that will be planted, enhancing the sensory activity. Because of the windows, the room is well lit, and features of the room will be clearly visible to the user.

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

| Academic Portfolio

145

144

PATIENTS BEDROOM 1:60 scaled Interior Design Render The interior design of the bedroom and spacious features allow mobility and room enough for visitors to enter. This room can be filled with memorabilia to enhance memory retrieval even when the patient is in bed relaxing. The interior design includes colour contrast to make key features evident to residents who may find it otherwise difficult to distinguish such features. The toilet, light switches, sink, bed and walls clearly contrast so that they are easily identifiable.

Academic Portfolio |

Systhesis Review

| Academic Portfolio

MAIN ENTRANCE Perspective Render The entrance provides a refreshingly natural environment in an urbanised area. The theme of nature is evidently present from the outset and looks inviting and interesting to, hopefully, encourage visitors and children to interact with residents in the social spaces provided. The warming and 146 themes are contrary to the daunting and often frightening connonatural tations that are often associated with clinical environments.

Academic Portfolio |

147

| Academic Portfolio

149

148

APPENDIX

Academic Portfolio |

| Academic Portfolio

1:20 SECTION CUT Arch3013 The 1:20 detailed section is taken through the middle section of the activity centre, providing a view of how the two spaces would be inhabited by patients, staff and children. The materiality of the glulam provides the proposed design with a solution to create movement with the repetition 150 of curves, whilst also being very sustainable. The use of scotlarth timber and sandstone for the exterior cladding on the building issues a warm, calm welcome, as you progress towards the entrance.

Academic Portfolio |

151

| Academic Portfolio

152

153

CHARETTE Studio: Frankenstein Toys . The charette experience was the first time I had been exposed to the material of plaster cast, which I found really interesting and tactile, I took inspiration from this, and recreated these tactile templates in the primer stages

Academic Portfolio |

| Academic Portfolio

155

154

PROCESS

PROCESS

Plaster Moulds

Plaster Moulds

Plaster casting process and using vaccume cleaning mould

.

Academic Portfolio |

| Academic Portfolio

157

156

CHARETTE EXHABITION Studio: Frankinstein Toys

Academic Portfolio |

CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

| Academic Portfolio

159

158

CASTLESIDE WARD

ROKER + MOWBRAY

Presedent Analysis - Campus of Ageing and Vitality

Dementia Care Facility - Sunderland

The local dementia facility is a very clinical environment, with claustrophobic spaces and poorly lit corridors. When entering the building it is very unwelcoming, as the department is buried within the facility of the ageing and vitality centre. The visit was necessary to see how these features can be avoided in our dementia care designs.

The precedent visit to the Roker dementia care facility was very welcoming with well-lit corridors and rooms, whilst using the features of a courtyard to provide outdoor activities. Patients rooms were visible with vibrant colours that contrasted differently with the colours around the door. This precedent study was very important to extend our design knowledge when designing for dementia patients.

Academic Portfolio |

| Academic Portfolio

PRIMER (1) Braidwood, E. (2017). News feature: Are architects doing enough to tackle dementia?. [online] Architects Journal. Available at: https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/news-feature-are-architects-doing-enough-to-tackle-dementia/10019361.article [Accessed 4 Jan. 2020].

(2)Alzheimer’s Research UK (2020). A quick guide to dementia | Alzheimer’s Research UK. [online] Alzheimer’s Research UK. Available at: https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/about-dementia/quick-guide-dementia-translations/quick-guide-dementia/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2020].

(3)Public Health England (2018). Dementia: applying All Our Health. [online] GOV.UK. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dementia-applying-all-our-health/dementia-applying-all-our-health [Accessed 4 Jan. 2020].

(4)Wegerer, J. (2017). How Sensory Stimulation Can Help Alzheimer’s. [online] Alzheimers.net. Available at: https://www.alzheimers.net/2014-01-23/sensory-stimulation-alzheimers-patients/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2020].

(5) Alzheimer’s Society. (2020). Facts for the media. [online] Available at: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-us/news-and-media/facts-media [Accessed 3 Jan. 2020].

(6) GOV.UK. (2020). Statistical commentary: dementia profile, April 2019 update. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dementia-profile-april-2019-data-update/statistical-commentary-dementia-profile-april-2019-update [Accessed 3 Jan. 2020].

(7) Dementia UK. 2020. Sundowning (Changes In Behaviour At Dusk) - Dementia UK. [online] Available at: <https://www.dementiauk.org/get-support/understanding-changes-in-behaviour/sundowning/?gclid=CjwKCAjw_qb3BRAVEiwAvwq6VrVi1a3Y7M_86pAjFE_jMmyNwZWhSEdqjfftoqtmQ1_HayM0FuekXBoC1dUQAvD_BwE> [Accessed 10 March 2020].]

(8) Alzheimer's Society. 2020. Symptoms Of Alzheimer's Disease. [online] Available at: <https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/types-dementia/alzheimers-disease-symptoms?gclid=CjwKCAjw_qb3BRAVEiwAvwq6Vmhcjf6JhHIyYQWKpgzu9jMAIyzhvsSJXSauVGLBBmEKwDu-ub6s2BoCvKAQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds> [Accessed 17 April 2020].

161 (9) Dementia.stir.ac.uk. 2020. Good Practice In Design For Dementia And Sight Loss | Dementia Services Development Centre L DSDC, Stirling. [online] Available at: <https://dementia.stir.ac.uk/design/good-practice-design-dementia-and-sight-loss> [Accessed 13 February 2020].

160

CASE STUDY

REFERENCE LIST

Academic Portfolio |

(1)Fosters and Partners. (2000). Conversion of the Reichstag building to German Bundestag in Berlin. [ebook] Detailed Magazine, pp.1-4. Available at: https://inspiration.detail.de/conversion-of-reichstag-building-into-german-bundestag-in-berlin-106787.html [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(2)Schulz, Bernhard, and Norman Foster. The Reichstag : The Parliament Building by Norman Foster. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2000. Print.pp98-99 (3)www.fosterandpartners.com, F. (1999). Reichstag, New German Parliament | Foster + Partners. [online] Fosterandpartners.com. Available at: https://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/reichstag-new-german-parliament/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(4)Galatas, S. (2011). 28 May, Reichstagsgebäude und Bundestag. [online] Sfagermany.blogspot.com. Available at: http://sfagermany.blogspot.com/2011/06/28-may-reichstagsgebaude-und-bundestag.html [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(5)Pixabay.com. (2019). Kostenloses Bild auf Pixabay - Bundestag, Kuppel, Licht, Metall. [online] Available at: https://pixabay.com/de/photos/bundestag-kuppel-licht-metall-1433304/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

Courtyards (7)Tronin, K. (2013). Courtyard of the Reichstag with green lawn inside, Berlin, Germany. [image] Available at: : http://sfagermany.blogspot.com [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(6)Northern Architecture (2019). Natural ventilation and natural daylight. [image] Available at: https://www.northernarchitecture.us/artificial-lighting/the-reichstag-berlin.htm [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(8)Schulz, Bernhard, and Norman Foster. The Reichstag : The Parliament Building by Norman Foster. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2000. Print.pp10-11 Ventilation (9)FOSTER + PARTNERS REICHSTAG (1999). [image] Available at: https://divisare.com/projects/337781-foster-partners-dennis-gilbert-nigel-young-reichstag [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(10)Flicker (2012). The large glass dome at the very top of the Reichstag has a 360-degree view of the surrounding Berlin cityscape.. [image] Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kaiban/7553758366 [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(11)Young, N. (2019). [image] Available at: https://divisare.com/projects/337781-foster-partners-dennis-gilbert-nigel-young-reichstag [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(12)The Economist (n.d.). The phantom of the Bundestag. [image] Available at: https://www.economist.com/europe/2014/12/10/the-phantom-of-the-bundestag [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

Schulz, Bernhard, and Norman Foster. The Reichstag : The Parliament Building by Norman Foster. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2000. Print.pp96-107 (13) The Reichstag Building in German History. (2019). [video] Directed by P. Gibson. Wondershare TM: Wondershare TM.time:2.20 (14) Llewellyn, J., Southey, J. and Thompson, S. (2015). THE REICHSTAG FIRE. [image] Available at: https://alphahistory.com/nazigermany/the-reichstag-fire/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(15) BBCNews (1999). World: Europe The Reichstag: A turbulent history. [image] Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/322967.stm [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(16) Time 100 Photos (n.d.). Raising a Flag over the Reichstag. [image] Available at: http://100photos.time.com/photos/yevgeny-khaldei-raising-flag-over-reichstag [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(17) Duetscher Bundestag (2019). The Parliament of Federal Republic of Germany. [image] Available at: https://www.bundestag.de/en/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(18) Berlin Typographers (2007). Reichstag, original sketch by Paul Wallot. [image] Available at: http://www.laits.utexas.edu/berlin/buildings.php [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(19) Brandenburg Gate and Reichstag Dome. (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://www.getyourguide.co.uk/berlin-l17/berlin-brandenburg-gate-reichstag-dome-walking-tour-t49684/?utm_force=0 [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(20) Berlin Typographers (2007). Reichstag, original sketch by Paul Wallot. [image] Available at: http://www.laits.utexas.edu/berlin/buildings.php [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(21) Berlin Typographers (2007). Reichstag, winning proposal by Sir Norman Foster. [image] Available at: http://www.laits.utexas.edu/berlin/buildings.php [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(22) INTERFOTO / History (1905). architecture, Reichstag Berlin, ground plan, in the original edition of the 1894 completed building, architect: Paul Wallot, Germany, circa 1903. [image] Available at: https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-architecture-reichstag-berlin-ground-plan-in-the-original-edition-48419732.html [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(23) retropotamus (n.d.). A Soviet soldier writes graffitti over the walls of the Reichstag. Berlin, 1945. Anatoly Morozov Less. [image] Available at: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/293719206917458855/?lp=true [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(24) COLE, D. (2018). Berlin woman revives Red Army ghosts in Reichstag graffiti. [image] Available at: https://www.timesofisrael.com/berlin-woman-revives-red-army-ghosts-in-reichstag-graffiti/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(25) PBS Learning Materials (2019). World War Two - A Russian soldier on a stairway in the Reichstag | World War II. [image] Available at: https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/83091265-wwii/world-war-two-a-russian-soldier-on-a-stairway-in-the-reichstag-world-war-ii/#.XfLJ35P7Rp8 [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(26)Alumni, M. (2013). Maxwell students and alumni observe the graffiti left by Russian soldiers in 1945, preserved on a wall in the Reichstag in Berlin, Germany. [image] Available at: https://maxwellalumni.wordpress.com/2013/03/04/maxwell-students-and-germany-alumni-tour-reichstag/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(27) Schulz, Bernhard, and Norman Foster. The Reichstag : The Parliament Building by Norman Foster. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2000. Printpp.36 (28)Schulz, Bernhard, and Norman Foster. The Reichstag : The Parliament Building by Norman Foster. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2000. Print pp.60-68 (29) Kluth, A. (2014). The Graffiti That Made Germany Better. [online] The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/07/the-graffiti-that-made-germany-better/373872/ [Accessed 8 Dec. 2019].

(30) Fosters and Partners. (2000). Conversion of the Reichstag building to German Bundestag in Berlin. [ebook] Detailed Magazine, pp.1-4. Available at: https://inspiration.detail.de/conversion-of-reichstag-building-into-german-bundestag-in-berlin-106787.html [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

(31) www.fosterandpartners.com, F. (2019). Reichstag, New German Parliament | Foster + Partners. [online] Fosterandpartners.com. Available at: https://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/reichstag-new-german-parliament/ [Accessed 13 Dec. 2019].

(32) Schulz, Bernhard, and Norman Foster. The Reichstag : The Parliament Building by Norman Foster. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2000. Print pp.106-107 (33) The Reichstag Building in German History. (2019). [video] Directed by P. Gibson. Wondershare TM: Wondershare TM.time:2.20 (34) The Reichstag Building in German History. (2019). [video] Directed by P. Gibson. Wondershare TM: Wondershare TM.time:3.00 (35)Schulz, Bernhard, and Norman Foster. The Reichstag : The Parliament Building by Norman Foster. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2000. pp.9-10 (36)Schulz, Bernhard, and Norman Foster. The Reichstag : The Parliament Building by Norman Foster. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2000. pp9-50

| Academic Portfolio

162

BIBLOGRAPHY

Academic Portfolio |

2020. Denmark - A Dementia Friendly Society. [ebook] Available at: <https://www.healthcaredenmark.dk/media/irbbjip3/hcd-dementia-white-paper-v1-single-0318.pdf> [Accessed 17 February 2020].

Arch2O.com. (n.d.). Reichstag – The German Parliament | Foster and Partners. [online] Available at: https://www.arch2o.com/reichstag-german-parliament-fosterpartners/ [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].

Darbyshire, J. and Kendall, D., 2020. The Sill National Landscape Discovery Centre. [online] Architecture.com. Available at: <https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/riba-regional-awards/riba-north-east-award-winners/2018/the-sill-national-landscape-discovery-centre> [Accessed 17 April 2020].

Deutscher Bundestag. (n.d.). Deutscher Bundestag - Architekt Paul Wallot (1841-1912). [online] Available at: https://www.bundestag.de/besuche/architektur/reichstag/architektur/architekten/ wallot-246950 [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019]. e.V., F. (2019). Ludwig Bohnstedt. [online] Park-hohenrode-nordhausen.de. Available at: https://park-hohenrode-nordhausen.de/ludwig-bohnstedt.html [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].

Encyclopedia Britannica. (2019). Paul Wallot | German architect. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Wallot [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].

Europe, L. (n.d.). Reichstag Building. [online] Liberationroute.com. Available at: https://liberationroute.com/germany/place-of-interest/reichstag-building?gclid=CjwKCAiA8qLvBRAbEiwAE_ZzPekq9Q4GunqS6Ua3CWBesoj5WEkn5LI_hxdbSRFBwqOVi1TxyBOdRhoCbMkQAvD_BwE [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].

FOSTER + PARTNERS REICHSTAG (1999). [image] Available at: https://divisare.com/projects/337781-foster-partners-dennis-gilbert-nigel-young-reichstag [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

Fosters and Partners. (2000). Conversion of the Reichstag building to German Bundestag in Berlin. [ebook] Detailed Magazine, pp.1-4. Available at: https://inspiration.detail.de/conversion-of-reichstag-building-into-german-bundestag-in-berlin-106787.html [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019].

Fosters and Partners. (2000). Conversion of the Reichstag building to German Bundestag in Berlin. [ebook] Detailed Magazine, pp.1-4. Available at: https://inspiration.detail.de/conversion-of-reichstag-building-into-german-bundestag-in-berlin-106787.html [Accessed 12 Dec. 2019]. gilbertscott.org. (2018). Design for Reichstag, Berlin - gilbertscott.org. [online] Available at: https://gilbertscott.org/design-for-reichstag/ [Accessed 2 Dec. 2019].

House, R. and Chen, C. (2017). Reichstag Building and Kroll Opera House. [online] WW2DB. Available at: https://ww2db.com/facility/Reichstag_Building_and_Kroll_Opera_House/ [Accessed 2 Dec. 2019].

Karacs, I. (1999). Foundations of German history. [online] The Independent. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/foundations-of-german-history-1088465.html [Accessed 5 Dec. 2019].

Kingsfund.org.uk. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/default/files/field/field_pdf/is-your-care-home-dementia-friendly-ehe-tool-kingsfund-mar13.pdf> [Accessed 17 February 2020].

Kluth, A. (2014). The Graffiti That Made Germany Better. [online] The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/07/the-graffiti-that-made-germany-better/373872/ [Accessed 8 Dec. 2019].

Minkenberg, Michael. Power and Architecture : The Construction of Capitals and the Politics of Space. First ed. 2014. Print. Space and Place ; Volume 12.

Mutuli, I., 2020. Shigeru Ban's Nine Bridges Golf Club House Is A Confluence Of Tradition And Modernisation | Archute. [online] Archute. Available at: <https://www.archute.com/shigeru-bans-ninebr/> [Accessed 17 April 2020].

Norman, D., 2013. Design Of Everyday Things. Boulder: Basic Books.

Schulz, Bernhard, and Norman Foster. The Reichstag : The Parliament Building by Norman Foster. Munich ; New York: Prestel, 2000. Print Sun, R. (1999). Before the enemy is within our walls. 1st ed. Boston, MA: Humanities Press, pp.100-104.

The Reichstag Building in German History. (2019). [video] Directed by P. Gibson. Wondershare TM: Wondershare TM.time The Sill. 2020. The Sill • The UK’S National Landscape Discovery Centre. [online] Available at: <https://www.thesill.org.uk/> [Accessed 17 April 2020].

Timlin, G. and Rysenbry, N., 2020. Design For Dementia. [ebook] Available at: <http://file:///Users/callumharker/Downloads/DESIGN_FOR_DEMENTIA__w.pdf> [Accessed 17 March 2020]. www.fosterandpartners.com, F. (2019). Reichstag, New German Parliament | Foster + Partners. [online] Fosterandpartners.com. Available at: https://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/reichstag-new-german-parliament/ [Accessed 13 Dec. 2019].

Nordarchitects.dk. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.nordarchitects.dk/alzheimer-dax> [Accessed 17 March 2020].

163

| Academic Portfolio