Issuu

Affiliate, National Rural Water Association

In this Issue: Waterdrop Awards for Excellence Making Decisions Perception: Yours, Theirs, and the Others How Much Does Water Loss Cost the Utility? Ironie Show-Me Tap Water Round-Up Inventory of Capital Equipment & Components MoWARN: Neighbor helping Neighbor Sludge Blanket Mixing in Wastewater â€ƒ Stabilization Pond System Around the State Capitol The Attorneyâ€™s Corner

Winter 2018/2019

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MRWA Board of Directors

REGION I:

REGION V:

REGION II:

REGION VI:

REGION III:

REGION VII:

Roger Barker Daviess County PWSD #3 116 Waterworks Drive Gallatin, MO 64640 (660) 663-2771 Fax: (660) 663-2771 rbarker@moruralwater.org David Waller, President & National Director Macon County PWSD #1 P.O. Box 386 Macon, MO 63552 (660) 651-3726 FAX: (660) 385-6006 dwaller@moruralwater.org Tammie Winter C-PWSD #2 of Lafayette, Johnson And Saline Counties 1801 Walnut Street Higginsville, MO 64037 660/584-2344 Fax: 660-584-7650 twinter@moruralwater.org

Kathy Voyles, Vice President Jefferson County PWSD #8 7970 Graham Road, Box 170 Cedar Hill, MO 63016 (636) 274-3125 FAX: (636) 274-3126 kvoyles@moruralwater.org Melinda Piper, Secretary Barton County C-PWSD #1 1009 E 11th St. PO Box 586 Lamar, MO 64759 (417) 682-3401 FAX: (417) 682-3038 mpiper@moruralwater.org Paul Michael Shaw City of Caruthersville Municipal Building 200 W. 3rd St. Caruthersville, MO 63830 pmshaw@moruralwater.org

Janet Sears, Asst. Treasurer Boone County C-PWSD #1 1500 N. 7th St. Columbia, MO 65201 (573) 449-0324 FAX: (573) 442-9222 jsears@moruralwater.org

Remember . . .

Randy Norden

Tom Hyatt

Crystal Cooper

Donald Jones

Executive Director

President’s Message..........................................................................4 From the Executive Director...........................................................6 Waterdrop Awards for Excellence..................................................9 Making Decisions...........................................................................12 Perception: Yours, Theirs, and the Others...................................16 How Much Does Water Loss Cost the Utility?..........................18 Ironie................................................................................................24 Show-Me Tap Water Round-Up..................................................27 Inventory of Capital Equipment & Components.......................30 MoWARN: Neighbor helping Neighbor....................................34 Sludge Blanket Mixing in Wastewater Stabilization Pond System........................................................36 Around the State Capitol...............................................................42 The Attorney’s Corner....................................................................45 Calendar of Events..........................................................................58

On the cover: Photo taken by MRWA Wastewater Technician Gary Webber at the Monroe City Wastewater Treatment Plant.

REGION IV:

Staff

Contents

Call us and let us know your needs so we can stop and visit with you when we are in your area. There is no charge for our services. Call Missouri Rural Water Association at 573-657-5533.

Water Training Specialist

Office Manager

Wastewater Technician

Joe Anstine

Mark Klaus

Circuit Rider II

Energy Efficiency Circuit Rider

Howard Baker

Jim Patton

Small Systems Circuit Rider

Mapping Specialist

Andy Bowman

Brad Rayburn

Maggie Dixon

Wayne Roderman

Circuit Rider III

Marketing Coordinator

Jim Enterline

Resource Conservation Circuit Rider

Billy Everett

Wastewater Technician

Eric Fuchs

Membership Services Secretary

Training Secretary Apprentice Coordinator

Gary Webber

Circuit Rider I

Saem Yem

Source Water Protection Specialist

Elizabeth Grove

Management Circuit Rider This Publication is Printed on Recycled Paper with Soybean Ink.

Missouri Rural Water Association Mission Statement:

“To be the leading source of professional services, support and representation for water and wastewater utilities.” Missouri Water Lines is published by General Printing Service, 1910 N. Providence, Columbia, Missouri 65202, (573) 443-8890 and is distributed free to water/ wastewater systems, board presidents, mayors, suppliers, individual members and associate members. Call the MRWA office at (573) 657-5533 for copy deadlines. Subscription rates are $15.00 yearly to help cover printing and postage costs. To subscribe, send names and addresses with prepayment to: Missouri Rural Water Association, 901 Richardson Drive, Ashland, Missouri 65010.

President‘s Message David Waller, MRWA Board President

As we look down the path to another year, the Board and Staff of your association looks back for a moment to enjoy the feeling of honor at being chosen as the State Association of the Year. Your Association was awarded this honor last year at the National Rural Water Association conference in Fort Worth, TX. In the company of great associations across the country, Missouri Rural Water Association was chosen for this award. It takes a combination of many factors to be awarded this honor and everyone connected should take a lot of pride in having your association recognized. Staff is already doing the things that have become a commonplace part of Association life. We are monitoring legislation, providing technical assistance and training across the State, and preparing for the conferences we hold each year. Conferences hold many opportunities for those attending; to increase your knowledge-base in your field and to make contacts with people that can help with the day-to-day problems that you face in providing service to your customers. The sessions and exhibit hall are what most people think about when they think of conference learning opportunities, but there is another

part of the annual conference that you might not consider as a learning opportunity; the regional caucus. Many think these caucuses are just for voting delegates that gather to elect members to your Association Board. On the contrary, they are for any member, voting delegate or not, to attend and offer to those who attend, the opportunity to discuss issues, concerns, problems or just topics of general interest in a smaller group with people that know one another or, at the least, are from the same general location. This year would be a good year to take advantage of this opportunity to network and learn. Look for the location of your region’s caucus on the program and please join your regional director for an informal get together. While thinking back over past conferences, I reflected on the different groups of attendees that we have acknowledged over the years; operators, managers, and office professionals to mention a few. There is one group that, for the most part, goes unrecognized. That group is the spouses, children, parents and other family members of the water/ wastewater professional. They often find themselves suddenly dealing with a family dinner, a birthday, a holiday or many other social events, minus one, when you are called out to fix a leak, or deal with any of the other hundreds of emergencies that are just a part of the career we have chosen. From the Board and Staff, our thanks go out to that support group, for without them the water and wastewater family could not provide the service that affects so many people on a daily basis. Take a moment when you go home tonight to acknowledge their support and thank them for all they do.

From the Executive Director Randy Norden, MRWA Executive Director

The Art of the Conference The MRWA Annual Conference is coming up and I wanted to share with you some tips on how to get the most out of your conference. Conferences are a tool for you. If you don’t go, then you don’t get anything out of it. If you go but do not extract the honey from it, then you may “think” you’re not getting anything out of it. Conferences are a huge source of learning, but the learning isn’t just laid in your lap…you have to make an effort…and the more you make; the more you get. Allow me to elaborate on the “art of the conference”. I will begin by telling you what the most sought-after aspect of a conference is:

Therefore, it is often proclaimed that 99% of the LEARNING that one gets at a conference goes on in the foyer, the hallway, the meeting floor, or wherever human beings can hold a conversation. The SESSIONS are really designed to introduce a concept to you; not make you an expert on the subject. Likewise, the exhibit hall is a place of a different form of networking. The exhibitors are the primary businesses working within your industry and the EXHIBIT HALL gives them the opportunity to showcase to YOU what’s new and exciting. Exhibitors are humans and humans know stuff, so even though you may not be seeking a certain service, just a short conversation with that vendor may be a tremendous learning experience for you. Exhibitors are not “used car sales” people and do not look to sell you anything on the spot. They are looking to make CONNECTIONS just like you are. Once the connection is made, then a relationship is built. Once the relationship is built, then you have a person to bounce things off of or, in the case of a vendor, a starting point should you need that service.

NETWORKING! Networking is shared experience. It is the time and action spent in talking with others that are dealing with the same problems you are. Indeed, the most common reaction from people that enjoy a conference is that it gives them the ability to hold a conversation with acquaintances and new acquaintances, on how they handle situations back home. 6

I’d like to dispel the thought that conferences are too expensive. When you consider that you get a place to stay, most of your meals provided, exposure to the industry, some number of renewal hours, and best of all…that chance to network with your peers… the experience is quite priceless. Unlike a “training class”, you leave with a renewed enthusiasm for your industry and your work as well as a pocket full of business cards and some solid contacts not to mention the experience that was shared with you on how to address your own concerns. Naturally, we try to arrange our conferences so that if you

go to ONE conference per year, then you will have all your renewal hours! Therefore, no matter what, or whose, conference you attend, I encourage you to do these things: 1. Network with your peers. If you’re shy, begin by attending an “open forum” and just listen. Something will pique your interest to where you may feel the need to speak up. Notice that person who seems to “get” your situation? Catch them in the hallway and say hello. The conversation will most likely enlighten all parties involved as well as very likely establish a life long friendship. 2. Stroll the exhibit hall but don’t just look for “the free stuff ”. Take the time to say “hello” to the exhibitors and make a connection. You may not need the services now but making that connection now will prepare you for when you do.

3. Realize that a conference is only a party time if that is what you are wired to do. USE the social times to enhance connections. Walk. Enjoy. Go to bed early and wake up refreshed. 4. Participate. If the conference has business meetings for the organization, attend and, if anything, just listen. This is your opportunity and I can clearly tell you that you are wanted there.

Remember, conferences are a tool for YOU. Use them. Make them work for you. A conference is not a flea market of events for you to simply walk past, but rather for you to ENGAGE in. You make the conference; the conference doesn’t make you.

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Waterdrop Awards for Excellence

2018 MRWA Office Professional Scholarship Winner Aimee Miller, City of Callao

2018 MRWA Office Professional of the Year Dora Rosa, Madison Co. PWSD #1

Pictured at right (l to r): Roger Ballew, General Manager, Boone Co. PWSD #9; Brenden Smith, MRWA’s 1st Apprentice and Operations Specialist at Boone Co. PWSD #9; Jim Enterline, MRWA Apprenticeship Coordinator.

2018 Water Operator of the Year Cathy Youtsey, Caldwell Co. PWSD #2

2018 MRWA Wastewater Operator of the Year Dennis Elliott, City of Reeds Spring

Congratulations to all the winners! Thank you for being part of our team.

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Making Decisions Brad Rayburn, Circuit Rider III A couple of years ago my daughter Abbigail who was then 6 years old, wanted to shoot her brother’s .243 rifle. Without a second thought I allowed her to shoot the gun. I placed the ear muffs around her ears, clicked off the safety, and said, “Abbigail, squeeze the trigger.” BOOM!! Abbigail looked up at me and I could tell that I shouldn’t have let her shoot the gun. It didn’t hurt her, but it was more of a gun than what she was ready for. So, thinking she was ready, this was not one of my greatest Dad moves. A couple weeks ago, Abbigail, now 8, asked if she could shoot the .243 again. Once again, without a second thought, I put the ear muffs around her ears and she squeezed the trigger. BOOM!! This time she wasn’t upset at all and was eager to see where she hit the target. Her shot hit the bottom of the bullseye. She looked up at me with pure joy and exclaimed, “Daddy, I want to go deer hunting!” Sometimes water/wastewater specialists or council and board members make decisions without giving it a second thought. Sometimes those decisions work out great, while other times those decisions can cost the water or wastewater utility thousands of dollars, without having any positive effects on the system. Missouri Rural Water Association offers specialists, office professionals, and board/council members opportunities to discuss and learn about the water/wastewater industry to ensure that the decisions made to improve their utilities are the right decisions. These opportunities are done state-wide through training events which MRWA hosts or through on-site technical assistance that is done by trained MRWA field staff. Each year 100’s of water/wastewater specialists, office professionals, and decision-makers attend MRWA’s Conferences and one-day training classes. There are various topics of discussion at these training venues, but one that continues to arise is how to reduce Disinfection-by-Products (DBPs). DBPs are formed when chlorine reacts with material in the raw water. Water systems are required to monitor for two groups of DBPs; total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), and the five Haloacetic acids (HAA5). These two 12

groups are covered under the EPA’s Stage 1 and Stage 2 Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproduct Rules (DBPR). These 2 rules set limits on DBPs which affect all public water systems adding a disinfectant, regardless of size. These rules were implemented to reduce exposure to DBPs and related health risks. Under the Stage 2 DBPR, the maximum contaminant level (MCL), for TTHMs is .08 mg/l and for HAA5s is .06 mg/l based on a running annual average calculation. In order to stay in compliance under the Stage 1 and 2 DBPRs, many water systems across Missouri have had to alter their water treatment processes or make changes to their distribution systems to reduce DBP’s.

What have water systems done to reduce DBP’s in the distribution system? Method 1: By installing additional piping to create loops, systems have reduced the number of dead-end mains in the distribution system. Method 2: Where looping may be too costly, some systems have installed automatic flush hydrants on dead-end water mains. Method 3: Some systems have increased the frequency of flushing. Method 4: Installed mixers inside water towers or tanks.

Method 5: Modified how the water enters the water tower by installing a pipe so that the water enters through the top of the water tower and exits to the distribution system from the bottom of the water tower. The above-mentioned methods are all things water systems have tried and been successful with when trying to reduce DBP’s. Unfortunately, some systems have had to take a more aggressive approach with the water treatment process to reduce DBP’s.

What have water systems implemented at their water treatment facilities to reduce DBP’s? Method 1: Water specialists have had success with reducing the amount of chlorine that is injected during the pre-treatment process. Method 2: Switched from chlorine to chloramine to treat the water. Chloramine is a chemical formed by the reaction of chlorine and ammonia (chloramination) and may be used as primary or secondary disinfection for drinking water. Method 3: On-site generation of a mixed oxidant solution. On-site generation utilizes water and food grade salt that is injected into an electrolysis cell. Electrolysis occurs in the cell that creates a Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) chemistry. Mixed oxidants have the disinfection power of chlorine. MIOX™ is one company that offers a wide variety of on-site generation possibilities for large and small water systems. They have on-site generators that can produce 1 pound to 2000 pounds of solution. MIOX™ has several case studies available where their MOS system has reduced the amount of DBP’s in the distribution system. To find out more information about MIOX™ and their on-site generation systems, go to http://www.miox.com/ products/on-site-generation/. Method 4: Clearitas® is a treatment option that some water supplies have had success with in reducing

DBP’s. Clearitas® is a chemical that cleans water pipes. It is halogen-based technology that is used as a companion to primary disinfection. It can attack and break down the components of biofouling, disassemble organic laden deposits, and keep systems free from excessive chlorine demand. Some of the benefits of removing the organic laden deposits that react with disinfectants are the following: restore and stabilize chlorine residuals, reduce DBPs, improve water quality, extend infrastructure life, decrease customer complaints, and comply with federal regulations. Hawkins Water Treatment Group, an MRWA Associate member, is a distributor of Clearitas® and provides water testing options to systems so they can determine if Clearitas® is the right option for them. For more information about Clearitas® contact Jason Jackson with Hawkins. You can find his contact information on the RESOURCE DIRECTORY page of the MRWA website: https://moruralwater.org/resource-directory/. There are various methods which water systems have successfully used across Missouri to reduce DBP’s in their distribution systems. Always remember that any changes to the water treatment process must be approved by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources before it can be implemented. Sometimes, improvements to water systems cannot and should not be done on a whim and need consideration and guidance before they are decided on by decision-makers. MRWA field staff are available for questions regarding DBPs or other issues that might arise at your water or wastewater system. 13

Perception: Yours, Theirs, and the Others Jim Enterline - Apprenticeship Coordinator In the water/ wastewater industry, how do you, the worker, perceive yourself? Are you an operator or are you a specialist? Is it a job or is it a profession? Consider also, how your board or council may perceive you, or for that matter, how the public may perceive you. Do your peers and employer see you as someone who cares or as someone wanting a paycheck? Do they see you as a problem solver or as a problem patcher? At this point into this article, you may be asking yourself, “How do we raise the perception and the importance of water and wastewater system specialists?” It starts at the bottom and works its way up. In other words, it starts with you, the employee. First, you must raise your self-perception. Is your demeanor positive or negative? Do you dress like a slob or like someone prepared to do the work of the day? Are you a learner or a slacker? When was the last time you asked to go to training because you wanted to know more about something … instead of saying, “I need hours!” ?

Second, you must raise the perception of you to your employer. Do you know your job, or do you need more training? How are your communication skills; can you describe problems and issues in a manner which your employer can understand? Can you solve problems? Is your employer getting information about what you are doing? They must know you are doing your job well, and for them to know starts with communication from you. Third, we as a profession must raise the value of the water/wastewater fields. As the men and women in the field day in and day out, we know the value, but does the public? It is evident they do not. Do you talk up your

job and what you do and offer tidbits of the importance of safe drinking water and clean wastewater? Does the public realize that for someone to maintain their safe drinking water, the individual or group of individuals responsible for such, must have specialized training? Fourth, the regulators of the water/wastewater industry need to recognize that the term “operator” lowers the perception of the water and wastewater specialists. A term which may have fit 40 years ago when the industry was not as specialized no longer seems adequate. The evolution of regulations and the required, current and future, treatment techniques of new emerging contaminants has specialized the fields of water and wastewater. The term operator seems to restrict the profession to a leak fixer or a machine operator and does not sufficiently describe the industry. The term leaves the impression of just working through a routine and not thinking. Thinking in the water and wastewater industry is what keeps water and the environment safe… not operation. To label us as just “operators” when the skills required of us far surpass that perception is an injustice. This reasoning is why the MRWA Apprenticeship Program will certify water and wastewater workers as Water System Operations Specialists and Wastewater System Operations Specialists through the Department of Labor Journeyman Program. Our perception is that you are more than just an operator! For more information on the MRWA Apprenticeship Program, you may visit our website at: https:// moruralwater.org/mrwa-apprenticeship-program/ or you may contact me by phone at (573) 996-6096 or email at jenterline@moruralwater.org.

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How Much Does Water Loss Cost the Utility? Elizabeth Grove, Management Circuit Rider One of the many “jobs” I do as Management Circuit Rider for Missouri Rural Water Association (MRWA) is board member training. A topic that is always covered in these sessions is financial reporting and budgeting. This includes the usual things like approving all bills, reviewing the monthly and year-todate income statements, and reviewing all fund balances. Another facet to financial oversight for a water utility is water loss. I always ask participants in the board training sessions about water loss. Usually, about half of them can tell me the percentage of water loss their systems experience. When I ask them what that means, I get blank looks. There is a cost to water loss. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources has determined that less than 10% water loss is an acceptable amount. But, what does that mean? One system may have a 5% water loss and another system may have a 35% water loss, but depending on the source of water supply, the second utility’s cost of lost water may be much less than the first utility’s cost of lost water. Why would you calculate the cost of water loss? The primary reason is obvious: putting a dollar amount to something means more to decision makers than a percentage. Dollars are more understandable and relatable than an abstract percentage. It also gives the system manager and decision makers valuable information on whether the water loss has grown to a point that savings can be achieved by chasing the cause of water loss and fixing it. First, let’s define water loss. What we are really after here is unaccounted-for water. It is more than subtracting the amount of water billed from the amount of water produced or purchased. Water loss considers the water that was used for flushing, system leaks, firefighting, unmetered/ unbilled connections (like city hall and the city park,) etc. All these uses involve water that was not billed to a customer, but it was water that was used by the system in some way. We know what happened to that water, so it is not unaccounted-for water! These gallons should also be subtracted from the total produced or purchased to get a number that shows the gallons of water that were not tracked to any customer or use in the system. This is the gallons used to calculate water loss. MRWA has calculation tools specifically designed to assist in calculating monthly water loss and average annual water loss. Simply go to our website at www.moruralwater.org and click on the Water Tools tab at the top of the page to see all the available tools and calculators. Once there, click on Monthly Water Loss under Special Calculators. All you do is input the gallons of water for each category (water sold, flushing, firefighting, etc.) and it calculates water loss gallons and percentage. Plus, it will print out nicely for the board meeting! The cost of unaccounted-for water should be calculated annually, preferably at the end of the budget year. It is not a complicated process.

Example #1: If you purchase all your water from a supplier, simply take the number of gallons of unaccounted-for water times the purchase price from the wholesaler. For example, let’s say PWSD #13 of Hazzard County purchases all its water from the nearby city of Dixie. The District 18

purchased a total of 28,356,500 gallons from the city for the year ending September 30, 2018 at a cost of $4.67 per 1000 gallons. During the same period, all water sales plus all water used for flushing, leaks and unmetered use amounted to 21,567,800 gallons. Total water loss for the year was: 28,356,500 gallons – 21,567,800 gallons = 6,788,700 gallons of unaccounted-for water Water loss percentage is 6,788,700 /28,356,500 = .24 or 24% The cost of the unaccounted-for water is (6,788,700/1000) X $4.67 = $31,703.23 per year.

Example #2: You have a system that has wells with no treatment. The only cost directly related to the amount of water produced is the cost of the electricity to pump the water. Determining the cost of unaccounted-for water would first require calculating the cost of electricity per gallon, or for this example, per 1,000 gallons of water pumped. For example, the city of Pridemore has two wells that supply the town’s water. No disinfection or other treatment is used. The total electric bill for the two wells for the past year was $11,496.57. Total gallons pumped for the year was 37,076,800 gallons. Total gallons sold plus gallons used for flushing, firefighting and leaks amounted to 30,506,500 gallons for the year. 37,076,800 gallons – 30,506,500 gallons = 6,570,300 gallons of unaccounted-for water Water loss percentage is 6,570,300 / 37,076,800 = .18 or 18% The cost of the unaccounted-for water is calculated by finding the pumping cost for every gallon pumped: ($11,496.57/37,076,800 gallons) X 1000 = $.31 per 1000 gallons The cost of unaccounted-for water is (6,570,300/1000) X $.31 = $2,036.80 per year

Example #3: If you are a system that has a water treatment plant, calculating the cost of unaccounted-for water is a bit more complicated. As a basic example, let’s say you have a plant that produced 248,567,800 gallons of water for the year ending September 30, 2018. Total water sales plus water used for flushing, firefighting, leaks and unmetered use was 208,456,300 gallons. The costs of treatment directly related to water production, including electricity at the water treatment plant and chemicals used totaled $213,456.76. Notice the cost of labor is not included, because you are unlikely going to reduce staff if water loss is reduced. (This is true for all the examples given.) 248,567,800 gallons – 208,456,300 gallons = 40,111,500 gallons of unaccounted-for water Water loss percentage is 40,111,500/248,567,800 = .16 or 16% Cost of unaccounted-for water is calculated by finding the costs of treatment for every gallon produced: ($213,456.76/248,567,800) X 1000 = $.859 per 1000 gallons Cost of unaccounted-for water is (40,111,500/1000) X $.859 = $34,455.78 As can be seen, the percentage alone doesn’t tell the entire story. Granted, excessive water loss indicates that the system is not operating efficiently, but the loss is put into perspective when a dollar amount is placed upon it. When evaluating the cost of water loss, keep in mind that you will never get to zero water loss. Every water system will have some loss. Also, be aware of what can create water loss. It is not always water seeping out of the pipes. Sometimes (continued on next page) 19

(continued from page 19)

water loss is “apparent” loss, meaning you aren’t really losing water, but rather there is a problem with the billing software or process. One example I ran across involved a system that complained of high water loss but could not find any leaks significant enough to justify the gallons lost. In reviewing the billing statement one month, I noticed the local school (K-12) was only billed for 1,700 gallons. That is low for the average household, let alone a school! Investigating further, we found the account had not been properly set up in the billing program. Instead of two fixed zeros on the meter, the account was set up for one fixed zero. The amount billed was off by a factor of 10! Not only was the system underbilling, the amount of water sold as shown in the billing program was under reported. Another problem with water loss is old meters. If the water loss of the system creeps higher and higher over time and there is no obvious reason, check the meters. Old meters, especially old positive displacement meters, will slow down over time. The water is going through the meter, it is just not registering. One water district replaced all the old meters in the system several years ago. The water loss for the system decreased from 22% to 7%! As always, if you need assistance or have questions, don’t hesitate to contact This meter has registered the equivalent of 10,000 gal/month for over 14 years. Missouri Rural Water Association. If we don’t have an answer, we can probably find someone who does!

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City of California, Missouri

City of Excelsior Springs, Missouri

City of Kansas City, Missouri

$1,125,600 Combined Waterworks and Sewerage System Revenue Bonds Proceeds were used to construct, furnish, and equip improvements to the City’s sewerage collection system. April 2018

$1,500,000 Certificates of Participation Proceeds were used to acquire, construct, and equip a new municipal golf course club house.

$83,770,000 General Obligation Refunding and Improvement Bonds

March 2018

City of Louisiana, Missouri

City of Bolivar, Missouri

City of Silex, Missouri

$4,523,318 Certificates of Participation Proceeds were used to fund improvements and extensions to the City’s combined waterworks and sewerage system, storm water system and streets.

$1,231,162 Lease Purchase Agreement

$1,111,000 Waterworks System Revenue Bonds, MoDNR SRF Proceeds were used to construct a water storage tank and make distribution improvements.

$277,000

Sewerage System Revenue Bonds, MoDNR SRF

Proceeds were used to fund improvements to the City’s wastewater collection and treatment system.

Proceeds were used to fund construction, expansion, and improvements to the wastewater treatment system.

February 2018

City of Campbell, Missouri

City of Unionville, Missouri

Combined Waterworks and Sewerage System Revenue Bonds, MoDNR SRF

$625,000

$777,000 Combined Waterworks and Sewerage System Revenue Bonds, MoDNR SRF

Proceeds were used to make improvements to the City’s water storage tanks as well as the water supply and distribution system.

Proceeds were used to make improvements to the City’s wastewater collection and treatment system.

February 2018

PWSD No. 1 of Osage County, Missouri

Proceeds were used to refinance the Series 2007A and 2008A; and street, sidewalk, bridge, and flood control projects.

October 2017

C-PWSD No. 1 of Scotland County, Missouri

PWSD No. 13 of Jackson County, Missouri

$2,193,000 Waterworks System Revenue Bonds, MoDNR SRF Proceeds were used to fund upgrades to water mains and installation of a remote read meter system.

$3,000,000 Waterworks System Revenue Bonds, MoDNR SRF Proceeds were used to fund replacement and upgrading of water mains.

November 2017

City of Sedalia, Missouri $5,695,000 Certificates of Participation Proceeds were used to acquire, construct, furnish, and equip a Police and Law Enforcement facility. September 2017

September 2017

July 2017

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City of Ashland, Missouri

City of Gallatin, Missouri

Village of DeKalb, Missouri

$6,408,000

$958,000 Electric System Refunding Certificates of Participation

$101,350 Waterworks Revenue Bonds

Proceeds were used to make improvements to the City’s wastewater treatment system.

Proceeds were used to refinance the Series 2010 Certificates of Participation.

Combined Waterworks and Sewerage System Revenue Bonds, MoDNR SRF

Proceeds were used to finance the extension and improvement of the waterworks system.

March 2018

City of King City, Missouri

City of Union, Missouri

City of Perry, Missouri

$759,000 Equipment Lease Purchase Agreement

$2,659,600 Combined Waterworks and Sewerage System Refunding Revenue Bonds

$183,000 Sewerage System Revenue Bonds, MoDNR SRF

March 2018

Proceeds were used to refinance the outstanding balance of the Series 2009 Certificates of Participation. December 2017

PWSD No. 3 of Osage County, Missouri $598,000 Waterworks System Revenue Bonds, MoDNR SRF

Proceeds were used to refinance the Combined Waterworks and Sewerage System Revenue Bonds, Series 2010B. December 2017

Proceeds were used to conduct a sanitary sewer evaluation study to develop a facility plan for improvements. November 2017

City of Troy, Missouri

Camden County, Missouri

$2,108,300 Refunding Certificates of Participation

$4,118,198 Equipment Lease Purchase Agreement

Proceeds were used to refinance the City’s outstanding Certificates of Participation, Series 2011.

October 2017

September 2017

Proceeds were used to fund improvements to the Justice Center, including energy savings upgrades, roofing, and masonry repairs. September 2017

City of Branson, Missouri

City of Trenton, Missouri

City of Oak Grove, Missouri

$12,000,000 Equipment Lease Purchase Agreement Proceeds were used to fund costs of improvements to the Highway 76 corridor; and improvements to the wastewater and sewerage systems.

$1,600,000 Equipment Lease Purchase Agreement

$5,005,000 Certificates of Participation

Proceeds were used to fund improvements to the waterworks system and the rehabilitation of two water towers.

Proceeds were used to fund wastewater system improvements for the City.

Proceeds were used to make improvements to the District’s water storage tanks and distribution system..

June 2017

May 2017

ommunities and Districts 800 West 47th Street, Suite 512, Kansas City, Missouri 64112 1-800-206-0634 23

Ironie Mary West-Calcagno, Director of Public Utilities – City of Moberly Ironie was born between 1910 – 1930. He was strong, shiny, forged in fire and ready to take on the world as a piece of cast iron pipe. He was soon enlisted to serve as a water line to a newly built part of a town called Moberly. Buried, he was proud to withstand pressure of soil and roads from the outside and to carry clean water to homes and businesses, with the help of many of his friends. Soon, - 20 years or so – his water line network was connected to others – a new subdivision was built. More water now flowed through his line and he was proud to deliver whatever was demanded; fire suppression, baths and showers, water to drink and cook with, and even for sanitation. At about 50, he noticed he was having some “issues”. He had heard his friends talking about this, but he was hoping it wouldn’t happen to him! He developed a crack around his middle and had to have a clamp put around him to hold him together. “Wow! That was close!” he thought, but he felt better about being able to continue to serve.

At 60, a hole blew out of one leg – this was serious! He felt bad that he lost so much water (it was embarrassing!) Soon, the maintenance “doctors” came and performed surgery to remove the bad section and spliced in a new section. It hurt, but Ironie soon adapted. Now, at 90 years old, Ironie is struggling. His insides are rusty and not as smooth as they were when he was younger; 24

more cracks, splits and holes are happening. Clamps are getting more numerous – it’s hard to tell where his original “body” is and where the repairs have taken over. Ironie can’t retire – he knows this. It is his duty to continue to serve to the best of his ability – to stand at his silent post – until one of his younger brethren is laid next to him so he can finally rest. His only hope is that his replacement comes soon so that the homes and businesses that rely on him every day will continue to have uninterrupted supplies of clean, fresh and safe water. Mary West-Calcagno is the Director of Public Utilities for the City of Moberly. With more than 30 years of municipal utility experience, her experience includes public utility advocacy in all aspects of public water and wastewater utility regulation, operation and management. Among her accomplishments; Mary managed a $21 million infrastructure improvement plan for a utility with a $4 million annual budget.

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AllianceWater.com 26

Show-Me Tap Water Round-Up Andy Bowman, MRWA Marketing Coordinator What was previously known in Missouri as the Great American Water Taste Test is getting a new look with the competition at the state level getting its own name: Show-Me Tap Water Round-Up. With this new name, and new look, we’ve made some minor changes to the rules and policy for the competition, and this is our opportunity to share those with you, the members of Missouri Rural Water Association. The winner of the Show-Me Tap Water Round-Up will still go on to compete at the national level in Washington, D.C. during the National Rural Water Rally’s Great American Water Taste Test and will still gain the notoriety of having the best tasting water in Missouri.

PreliminaryHow a system can enter and participate: 1. Participants must be system members of Missouri Rural Water Association. 2. Participants must be registered by March 1st of each year. 3. An MRWA Staff member will collect the sample from the system for preliminary judging.

FinalistsIf your system’s water makes it to the final round of competition, the following rules apply: 1. Finalists must bring their water to the MRWA Office the day prior to Jefferson City Day of that given year. ( Jefferson City Day occurs in April each year.) Samples can NOT be delivered by an MRWA employee. 2. At least one representative from the finalist system must be present for judging on Jefferson City Day. If there is no representative present, the finalist will be eliminated. 3. Sample must be in a clean one-quart container made of glass.

WinnerIf your system is chosen as the winner of the Show-Me Tap Water Round-Up, your system’s water will compete at the national Great American Water Taste Test. At this competition, attendance of a system representative is not mandatory. 1. MRWA will provide a press release to the winning system’s most commonly watched television stations, most commonly listened to radio stations, and most commonly read newspapers. 2. MRWA will sponsor one (1) person from the winning system to attend the National Rural Water Rally in Washington, D.C. in order to be in attendance for the Great American Water Taste Test. This sponsorship will include: a. Transportation to Washington, D.C. including mileage reimbursement to and from the airport from the system representative’s home at the Federal mileage reimbursement rate. b. Accommodations in Washington, D.C. c. Per diem at the regular Federal rate.

Whether or not the winning system chooses to attend the Great American Water Taste Test in Washington, D.C., their sample will be hand carried to the national competition by the MRWA Executive Director or duly appointed MRWA representative. This sample will be collected by a system representative and an MRWA representative. For questions regarding the competition or to register your system as a participant, contact Maggie Dixon at the MRWA office at (573) 657-5533.

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Inventory of Capital Equipment & Components Tom Hyatt, Water Training Specialist During the drafting of this article, moderate rainfall is occurring. This is a day to remain inside if circumstances permit. If a water or wastewater specialist is going to work at the desk on such a day – or during the slower season of winter when there are not lots of outside projects underway – this is a perfect opportunity to begin compiling a list of capital equipment and components in the system. If not during regular work hours, perhaps the employee can earn overtime pay to perform this task. This could also be a part-time or temporary, full-time job for a military veteran, a retiree, or a student.

Regardless of who does the work or how it is scheduled, a written inventory of components can be extremely useful in several ways. Often, the water specialist who has been at the utility for many years has lots of important knowledge of installation time frames, conditions of components, and approximate years of service for many of the treatment, distribution, or collection appurtenances. All too frequently, this knowledge is only embedded in the specialist’s mind and is not committed to a well-organized physical document or electronic file. When this specialist leaves the utility for whatever reason, this storehouse of knowledge is lost. Retaining systemwide knowledge is important, and so is having a written record of components. A record of each item, with installation date and general condition, supports the utility’s goal for timely repair and/or replacement before equipment fails or becomes obsolete. It also helps justify rate hikes to finance these upgrades. With water and wastewater infrastructure aging and 30

steadily deteriorating, mapping out a plan for infrastructure replacement is critical. Let’s consider how this inventory can be created so that it becomes an important guideline for the future. If someone other than the employee Well #1 pump wore who has a long out and was replaced history at the December 2000. It utility is preparing lasted two years longer the inventory, this person will need than previous pump to ask the longwhich was replaced 20 standing employee years earlier. questions about components, Figure 1 their approximate installation dates, their general conditions, and how long each item typically lasts before needing replacement. If that person of great knowledge does not exist or is no longer available, the person completing the inventory will search through old files: purchase orders, maintenance records, operating logs, monthly reports, and anything else that offers historical information. This search through records will be necessary even if the employee who’s had a long history at the utility is still available to answer questions. Sometimes, hand-written records will provide insight about how long a particular component will last, such as the example in Figure 1. This note indicates that Well Pump One will last between 18 and 20 years. Knowing this would cause the utility to place this cost as a priority item on its budget since the current pump is nearing the end of its expected service life. Another detail when it comes to water sources is their output capacity. If Well #1 is a major water producer, that pump replacement – or the financial reserves to replace it when needed, at least becomes an even more urgent matter. Inventories will include all critical components: treatment equipment, high service pumps, chemical feed instruments, process control tools, electrical components, safety equipment, trucks, loaders, backhoes, pipes, valves,

hydrants, meters, etc. It even includes office equipment, such as computers, printers, phones, file cabinets, etc. Approximating years of service life for each component will help identify time frames for repair or replacement. If maintained, one way to obtain valuable information is through extensive review of old records. Often, records are sketchy and can be as varied in nature as the number of people who have worked in the system through the years. Some will keep clearly detailed accounts of purchase dates and installations, while others might only keep notes of when a particular item was replaced. In some cases, records will be completely missing. Ideally, the inventory will include multiple entries for each item: purchase date, installation date, capacity if a pump or a water source, general condition, estimated years of service life remaining, relative importance in providing vital services to customers, and cost to replace the item in current dollar value. There will likely be gaps regarding some or many of these details, but even a partial inventory for every major component is better than none. Some logical deductions will have to be made. For instance, a maintenance record that shows several line breaks on a specific section of water main during the last five years reveals that this line is subject to failure and will need replacing. Even with no historical record indicating the pipe’s age, it can be deduced that it is nearing its maximum service life. What isn’t apparent from limited records is whether the frequent repairs result from improper installation, a corrosive environment, age, water hammer, or some other contributing factor. How urgent

the replacement of this pipe is must be determined by its size and location: Is it a transmission main from a wholesale supplier or one that runs through a densely populated area of your system? If so, it becomes a top priority. If, on the other hand, it is a small water main that serves only three or four homes, its relative importance is minimized and allows more time before initiating this project. Only when a comprehensive inventory of system components is complete can the utility director truly predict operating costs in the next 5-to-20 years. Such an inventory allows the public works director to assess weaknesses: what will likely fail in the near term, which of these soon-to-fail items are critical to the utility’s operation, what big-ticket items will need increased financial reserves for purchasing 10 years from now, and how does the utility ensure the money will be available when these milestones occur? An inventory of this nature will prove the blueprint for the utility’s future. It contains historical information that will promote the utility’s infrastructure sustainability, without the exclusive dependency upon a long-time employee’s memory. This list of equipment and components offers justification for rate hikes, as utility personnel can clearly identify component deterioration and provide more knowledgeable assessments to its public. More importantly, an inventory can help ensure that the water utility remain solvent by providing a framework for decision-making about component replacement time frames and necessary financial reserves. The task of completing such a big project might simply be a “rainy day” function, a slow season, or an overtime project for the water or wastewater specialist. It might involve a veteran, a retiree, or a high school or college student. Regardless of who performs the work, it is a worthy project for all water and wastewater utilities to undertake. 31

Gain more control. Partner with us. You gain more control with ﬁnancial stability Experienced financial management and long-term planning Accurate, computerized billing and collections Precise financial reporting and record keeping Regular maintenance to minimize unexpected repair cost Budget-conscious, proactive planning for growing communities Terry Merritt Director of Marketing/Business Development 573-880-1706 | tmerritt@alliancewater.com

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MoWARN: Neighbor helping Neighbor Eric Fuchs, Source Water Protection Specialist One of the most fulfilling things we can do in life is to help. Whether it is helping a stranded motorist with a flat tire or giving to our local church or charity, helping gives us a feeling of satisfaction and happiness. During my time as a local Emergency Management Director, I was always amazed at the out pouring of help both with donations and volunteers during and after disasters. The atmosphere within the rural water community is much the same both at the local and national level. The recent hurricanes that devastated our southern neighbors saw Rural Water Associations respond to bring water and wastewater back on-line shortly after the storms exited the areas. In Missouri, systems helping systems is part of the norm during day-to-day operations and when disasters may strike across the state. Recently MRWA was involved with a major outage in northern Missouri. During this event, there were no less than 6 separate neighboring systems who volunteered labor, equipment, or materials to get the affected system back up and operational. It never ceases to amaze me the giving nature of our members.

MoWARN is putting some formality and organization into this “neighbor helping neighbor” concept. As a member of MoWARN, a system will have the opportunity to both give and receive help to and from other member systems. MoWARN is an inventory of specialized equipment (mainly pumps and generators) that is maintained by the sponsoring agency (MRWA). During an event such as a flood or tornado, members can request help from a neighboring system if both systems are members of MoWARN. The sponsoring agency helps coordinate the procuring and movement of resources between systems. A common question for small systems who can’t afford 34

expensive equipment such as backup generators is, “Are systems that don’t have equipment to offer, eligible to join MoWARN?” The answer to this question is YES, ALL systems are eligible to join MoWARN. Small systems can greatly benefit from the vast network of equipment, technical service and volunteers that larger systems might offer. Small systems may also offer some of these things to systems of all sizes, large or small. I have seen many disasters where systems that didn’t have much to offer in the way of equipment were able to offer plenty in the way of labor or spare parts for emergency repairs. Many people mistake MoWARN as being part of MRWA. While the two agencies do work closely together, MoWARN is its own separate entity and organization. MRWA is the sponsoring agency of MoWARN which means MRWA maintains the website and database and fields any response that might take place during an event. It is volunteer work and something we chose to do to help our member systems be more prepared. MRWA would like all our members to consider joining MoWARN. An organization such as MoWARN benefits from more members. Why? A larger network of systems willing to help puts available resources closer to home in time of need. Mo-American Water and Alliance Water Resources are the two latest groups to join MoWARN. Both organizations are large and have plentiful resources to take care of themselves in the event of an emergency. They chose to join to help their neighbors. To learn more about becoming a member of MoWARN, go to www.mowarn.org or you may contact me at (573) 429-1383 or efuchs@moruralwater.org.

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Sludge Blanket Mixing in Wastewater Stabilization Pond System Steve Harris, President and Owner of H&S Environmental, LLC A facultative or partially mixed lagoon treatment cell is like having three wastewater reactors stacked one on top of the other. These reactors influence each other by generating waste products unique to the microbial community that lives within each of them. In facultative or partially mixed treatment cells, there is an aerobic reactor at the top, an anoxic selector in the middle, and an anaerobic digester at the bottom depending on treatment cell depth, oxygen currents, loading, mixing, and other factors. The focus of this brief discussion is on the value of mixing the sludge blanket at the bottom part of the treatment cell; the anaerobic / anoxic portion.

Mass Removal by Digestion In its simplist terms, anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of sludge into methane, carbon dioxide, and water by anaerobic microorganisms. Aerobic digestion is the breakdown of sludge into carbon dioxide and water by aerobic microbes. Both of these are multi-step processes used to reduce the volume of wastewater sludge. A digester (or sludge blanket in a pond system) is composed of countless trillions of microbes consuming organic and inorganic materials and then generating waste products that MUST get to other microbes to complete the stabilization process. If these waste products cannot get to the other microbes, toxicity builds and the process stops. Because acids are formed before methane is produced in anaerobic systems, these acids MUST get to the methanogens responsible for methane production for mass to be reduced. Mixing is one of the key elements in the process of anaerobic digestion. In aerobic digestion, nitric acid, ammonia, and nitrates are produced that MUST be converted by microbes to safer less toxic by-products. The importance of good mixing in anaerobic and aerobic digesters cannot be overstated. Mixing provides: • • • • • • • •

The uniform availability of food for microbes The dispersion of waste products to avoid self-limitation (toxicity) pH balance due to acid formation A closely maintained association between living/active biomass and incoming food Enhanced biological reaction rates Improved VSS reduction efficiency Increased gas production Decreased sludge blanket mass

When sludge solids are converted into a gas and water (CO2, CH4, H2O) there is a “mass transfer”. Mass that was once solid, is now mass in the form of gas and liquid (water). Looking at the chemical composition of wastewater pond sludge (dead and living bacteria, algae, raw organic matter, duckweed, plant material and other organic material) we see that a large portion of sludge can be converted into “something else”: (continued on page 38)

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(continued from page 36)

Image Adapted from: WEF, (1994) Wastewater Biology: The Life Processes, A Special Publication. Prepared by the Task Force on Wastewater Biology: The Life Process. Water Environment, Federation, Alexandria, VA ISBN 1-881369-93-5

â€ƒ Because sludge is potentially gas, water, and nutrients, mixing becomes a key element in sludgeâ€™s conversion to other products. This explains the emphasis that is placed on mixing in aerobic and anaerobic digesters. (continued on page 40)

(continued from page 38)

Compared to digesters, sludge at the bottom of a lagoon does not mix well. When sludge judged, large amounts of gas are typically released from the sludge blanket that has been disturbed. In theory, this gas is composed of 70% methane and 30% carbon dioxide. Because lagoon sludge blankets do not mix well, the waste by-products from one microbe are not efficiently delivered to the next microbe who can use them, consume them, and convert them…Nature’s Self-Purification process is diminished. This is similar in principle to why a maximum of 12% by volume of alcohol is all that can be produced by a standard batch of yeast and sugar…the yeast self-limits…dies in its own waste products. Toxicity accumulation in a sludge blanket limits mass reduction in a similar manner. Mixing can also reduce the impact of toxic material (i.e. ammonia) accumulation by diluting it in the pond volume below levels that would inhibit methane formation. Toxicity is also reduced by delivering toxic materials to microbes that can consume them, H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) as an example. Essentially, mixing adds capacity to a treatment cell. It uses the existing capacity more efficiently. In the 1983 ASCE Nationwide Survey of Anaerobic Digesters, active mixing was found to be the most significant factor in reducing volatile solids. In this survey, 13 WWTPs reported “inadequate” mixing but still reported >50% VSS Reduction. In the 2005/06 Carollo Survey on Digesters, VSS reduction varied between 44% - 68% whereas the most common range of reduction was between 50% - 55%. “The mixing characteristics of a reactor, and the manner in which wastewater is introduced into the reactor, exert a considerable influence on the efficiency of treatment. Many important parameters are influenced by these hydraulic flow characteristics including BOD removal, settling characteristics…and pathogen removal in waste stabilization ponds” -Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems: Theory and Operation, N.J. Horan One of the keys to effective anaerobic or aerobic digestion is mixing. On the average, suspended sediments (mixed sediments) consume as much as 4.96 mg O2/day which is 900 times more than unmixed sediments. As sediments are mixed, respiration rates can increase by 300 times.

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In anaerobic systems, the acids formed by acidogenic bacteria and other essential nutrients must find their way to the methane producing bacteria. The more efficiently this happens, the faster and more complete the solids are stabilized…mass reduced. In aerobic systems, mixing is equally important to improve efficiency. This is why there is a mixing phase in the air-off cycle of aerobic digester operation. During the air-off phase, mixing delivers the nitrates to the denitrifying biomass and the nitrates are consumed. In short, the two basic reasons for mixing aerobic and anaerobic biomass are to: 1. Maintain the viability of the biomass by: a. improving the consistency of food delivery to the biomass b. by-product toxicity removal 2. Minimize the mass and volume of lagoon sludge blankets

Anaerobic and aerobic digestion is highly dependent upon effective sludge mixing. Without assistance, lagoon sludge blankets mix poorly, and solids accumulate. With mixing, lagoon sludge blankets are reduced. WARNING!! BE CAREFUL NOT TO OVER MIX!! Mix a small portion of the lagoon’s sludge blanket at any given time as nutrients will be released, dissolved oxygen will plummet, and the potential for permit violations increase. Steve Harris is the President and Owner of H&S Environmental in Mesa, AZ. Since his beginning in February 1993, Steve has worked with wastewater operators across the United States and in various parts of the world to identify and troubleshoot wastewater lagoon problems, optimize lagoon performance, and assist wastewater lagoon systems in removing sludge. Steve was the featured wastewater presenter at MRWA’s 2018 Bootheel Expo and 2018 Fall Operations & Maintenance Symposium. To contact Steve Harris by email: lagoonops@gmail.com.

Get Your Healthy Beneets Get Your Healthy Beneets explores the details, nooks and crannies of the Healthy Beneets Program created speciically for members, vendors and aﬃliates of the National Rural Water Association (NRWA). We know that as a beneets administrator you are busy wearing many hats, and we are here to help. We’ve done all the research, and are here to simplify aspects of available oﬀerings, give in-depth digestible explanations of program beneets and explore your FAQs concerning this revolutionary healthcare solution.

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www.HealthyBeneetsNRWA.com 41

Around the State Capitol Harry Hill, MRWA Lobbyist If you haven’t been to Jefferson City recently, you could be in for a surprise as you approach the capitol grounds. The magnificent building, said to be the last state capitol constructed in the American Renaissance style, is festooned with metal scaffolding and what appears to be “shrink-wrap.” And no, it’s not the remnants of a major Halloween prank or even political shenanigans. It is, instead, an extensive tune-up for the building’s exterior after 100 years of Missouri’s weather extremes. The aforementioned shrink-wrap is draped over metal scaffolding which extends to the top of the dome. By enclosing the scaffolding and using a portable HVAC system, an all-weather work environment is created for the restoration crew.

An observer at the work site said in addition to sealing cracks and tuck pointing, about 5% of the exterior stone is being replaced. The replacement stone used is Phenix marble instead of Carthage marble which was specifically designated for the original construction. The reason for the change, it was explained, is that the Carthage marble quarry is closed. Phenix marble apparently is a satisfactory replacement in regard to color and durability. It is quarried in Missouri’s Greene County. An intriguing aspect of the restoration project involves “Ceres,” a 10-foottall statue, which for more 42

than 90 years, stood at the top of the capitol dome. Early plans called for the 1-ton statue to be removed from her 238-foot-high perch by either a crane or possibly a helicopter. Upon her removal, Ceres was taken by truck to Chicago for a 1-year refurbishing process. (She was removed November 15 by crane.) The statue was placed on the dome in 1924. In that era there were only limited flying machines and apparently no cranes up to the task. A newspaper account of the time said the statue was moved methodically up to its resting place using pulleys and a steel cable fastened to “an elm tree” on the ground. The news story further states the statue was taken apart and pulled up in three pieces. While Ceres has suffered some damage from lightning and other weather extremes, the capstone where she is anchored is in a state of serious deterioration. That capstone, which was ceremoniously placed on the dome six years before Ceres arrived, is to be removed and replaced with a new capstone during the restoration process. Historians believe Ceres was designed in the likeness of Audrey Munson, a famous American movie star and model in the early 20th century. Among Ms. Munson’s other accomplishments, she reportedly was the first woman to appear nude in a movie. Mr. Sherry Fry, a New York sculptor who originally was from Iowa, created Ceres. Completion of the capitol restoration work in a timely fashion is important not only to accommodate the state’s business being performed there but also because it’s a major tourist destination. It is estimated that more than 400,000 persons, including numerous student groups, visit the capitol annually. It is my personal experience that a great many of these “well-behaved” children appear during the hectic, final days of the legislative session. The Missouri State Capitol is in the midst of a $29-million exterior restoration effort. It is expected to be completed in December 2020.

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The Attorney’s Corner Scott Robbins, Kennedy, Kennedy, Robbins & Yarbro, LC On August 14, 2018, the Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District, affirmed the municipal ordinance violation of Nathan Stroder. What was Mr. Stroder’s criminal act? Failing to connect to the water system and the sewer system in violation of the municipal ordinances of the City of Whitewater, Missouri. In 1996, Whitewater, and a neighboring town, Allenville, Missouri, partnered together to form the Whitewater/ Allenville Cooperative Combined Waterworks and Sewage System. Both communities have funding for the water and sewer systems, in part through USDA-RD loan and grant. Both communities have ordinances that require the residents to connect to water and sewer when available. There is no question, under Missouri law, that a municipality or district may have a mandatory sewer connection ordinance or resolution. The Missouri Supreme Court determined that a mandatory connection to a municipal sewer system is “clearly” a valid exercise of police power. City of Sikeston v. Sisson, 249 S.W.2d 345, 347 (Mo. 1952). This decision was apparently missed or not followed by the Missouri Court of Appeals, Southern District, in 2000 when it issued an opinion in the case of Moats v. Pulaski County Sewer Dist. No. I, 23 S.W.3d 868, 871 (Mo. Ct. App. S.D. 2000). The Moats decision held that the sewer district could not have a mandatory sewer connection resolution. The Missouri legislature subsequently enacted an amendment to the Missouri Clean Water Law which clarifies that a mandatory sewer connection is legal. Section 644.027 RSMo., states in pertinent part that: Nothing in [the Missouri Clear Water Law] shall be deemed to restrict, inhibit or otherwise deny the power of any city, town or village...or any other municipality, political subdivision or district of the state which owns or operates a sewer system that provides for the collection and treatment of sewage, to require the owners of all houses, building or other facilities within a municipality, political subdivision or district to connect to to the sewer system of the municipality, political subdivision or district when such sewer system is available.

The statute does not specifically address drinking water, however. No Missouri case or statute specifically allows for a mandatory drinking water connection ordinance or resolution. Attorneys around the state followed the Stroder decision to see what, if anything, the Court of Appeals would say about the mandatory drinking water connection ordinances of Whitewater and Allenville. This is especially true because “the overwhelming majority of courts that have addressed the issue [of mandatory drinking water connection ordinances] have found that mandatory connection to public water is a legitimate exercise of police power.” Stern v. Halligan, 158 F.3d 729, 732 (3d Cir. 1998). In part because the Stroder case was an appeal from a criminal conviction, and also in part due to the fact that the Court of Appeals determined that Mr. Stroder did not preserve his arguments for appeal, the Court did not issue a decision on the merits of the case. The Court reviewed the case for plain error and found none. As a result, the convictions were affirmed and the mandatory drinking water ordinance still stands. So, Missouri lawyers still have no clear cut guidance as to whether a mandatory drinking water ordinance is valid. State statutes and case law, however, give us a hint as to how the courts may ultimately decide the issue. Section 250.240 RSMo., states in part that : It is the purpose of this chapter to enable cities, towns and villages...to protect the public health and welfare by preventing or abating the pollution of water and creating means for supplying wholesome water, and to these ends every such municipality...shall have the power to do all things necessary or convenient to carry out such purpose, in addition to the powers conferred in this chapter. This chapter is remedial in nature and the powers hereby granted shall be liberally construed. (continued on next page)

(continued from page 45)

This statute enables Missouri municipalities (and likely districts) to use their police powers to supply “wholesome water”. In addition, Missouri Supreme Court decisions recognize that the police power allows cities to enact ordinances having a substantial and rational relation to the “peace, comfort, safety, health, morality, and general welfare” of its inhabitants. Cooperative Home Care, Inc. v. City of St. Louis, 514 S.W.3d 571, 586-587 (Mo. 2017). Further, Section 640.648 RSMo., provides that: Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, all Missouri landowners retain the right to have, use, and own private water systems and ground source systems anytime and anywhere including land within city limits, unless prohibited by city ordinance, on their own property so long as all applicable rules and regulations established by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources are satisfied. All Missouri landowners who choose to use their own private water system shall not be forced to purchase water from any other water source system servicing their community. (Emphasis added) As a result, the argument in favor of allowing mandatory drinking water connection ordinances is that:

(1) the provision of wholesome water is within the police powers of a municipality; (2) private drinking water wells are subject to many different possible dangers to the health of people drinking from them, which provides the needed justification for a municipality to enact ordinances in an effort to safeguard its citizens; and (3) since Missouri state law expressly authorizes municipalities to enact an ordinance prohibiting its citizens from using their own private water systems, they impliedly have the authority to require their citizens to use the public water system instead. Under this argument, a mandatory drinking water connection ordinance is a valid exercise of police power because regulating the water supply is a basic and legitimate governmental activity in the best interest, safety and welfare of the citizens. We still await a definitive answer from the Missouri legislature and/or courts. In the meantime, you should discuss any mandatory drinking water connection ordinance or resolution with your attorney. I wish to thank attorneys Doug Silvius, Mark Grimm and Paul Calamita for their work on this case, the issues contained therein, and their discussion of the facts with me over the past several years.

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MRWA Calendar of Events January

March

1 3

New Year’s Holiday MRWA Office Closed Monitoring & Managing a Distribution System Buffalo

Monitoring & Managing a Distribution System

Ozark

St. Patrick’s Day

Martin Luther King, Jr Day Holiday MRWA Office Closed

10-Day DW & DS Certification Course (Day 1)

MRWA Northwest Training Day

The Old School/Cameron

Board & Council Training

The Old School/Cameron

MRWA Northeast Training Day

Knights of Columbus/ Monroe City

12 – 14 2019 MRWA Annual Conference

National Rural Water Rally

Drinking Water Regulations Update

Monitoring & Managing a Distribution System

Washington, D.C. Albany

Good Friday

Presidents’ Day Holiday

10-Day DW & DS Certification Course (Day 1)

MRWA Open House MRWA Office in Ashland

MRWA Jefferson City Day

Distribution System Components & Concepts

Pump Station Maintenance & Troubleshooting

Show-Me Tap Water Round-Up Jefferson City (Capitol Building)

May

Monitoring & Managing a Distribution System

Brookfield

Distribution System Components & Concepts

Albany

Distribution System Components & Concepts

Windsor

Moscow Mills

Monitoring & Managing a Distribution System

Licking

Memorial Day Holiday

Perryville

Greenfield MRWA Office Closed

July 4

Jefferson City

Bowling Green

MRWA Office Closed

Monitoring & Managing a Distribution System

Distribution System Components & Concepts Caruthersville Valentine’s Day

Columbia

Kennett

Branson

April

February 4–6

Daylight Saving Time Begins

Independence Day Holiday MRWA Office Closed

PRSRT STD US POSTAGE

PAID

901 Richardson Drive Ashland, Missouri 65010 “your resource for water quality.”

ATTENTION: WATER DEPT.

When finished reading, please route to n Operators/Managers n Clerk/Treasurer n Board/Council/Commission

Columbia, MO Permit No. 286