MBA November/December 2023

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CONTENTS

November - December 2023

Editor’s Note

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16 Cover Image: Electrotron COVER STORY: PG 02 Unrivalled Expertise in Intelligent Conveyor Safety

The team of specialists at Electrotron guarantees to mining companies in Africa that Scanbelt, their flagship range of overland conveyor monitoring and protection equipment is exceptionally robust for harsh environments and is of undisputed quality.

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30

Environmental Offsets: Essential but Untimely

S

outh Africa is in the crucial phase of refining the draft policy on environmental offsets for mining companies. It is a well-intentioned move.

Indeed, it is high time mining companies

were held accountable for the effects of their activities on the environment. Don’t they make billions from the earth? So why shouldn’t they own up by committing a proportionate amount to pollution mitigation efforts? They wouldn’t go bust, would they?

The fear of financial strain resulting from such an endeavour seems unfounded and exaggerated.

Ideally, the policy would foster goodwill between mining companies and host communities, environmental rights bodies, and regulatory authorities. This, in turn, would allow them to conduct business without the looming fear of disruption. Above and beyond, it would boost their standing in terms of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) points.

Nonetheless, while well-meaning, the environmental offsets policy may not be what is needed currently. It risks overburdening South Africa’s regulatory framework, which, currently, is overwhelmed by monitoring and enforcing the Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) on projects.

While acknowledging the importance of offsets, one would question the need for their urgent implementation. Clearly, at this juncture, environmental offsets are essential but untimely.

Nick Barnes

editor@miningbusinessafrica.com

TEAM Editor Nick Barnes editor@miningbusinessafrica.co.za +27 10 055 3356 Web/Sub-Editors Jimmy Swira Jimmy@miningbusinessafrica.co.za + 27 10 055 3356

Susan M. susanm@miningbusinessafrica.co.za Sales and Marketing Winnie Sentabire winnie@miningbusinessafrica.co.za +27 83 530 6832 | +27 10 055 3356

Anita Anyango anyangoanita18@gmail.com

Angeline Ntobeng angien@miningbusinessafrica.co.za + 27 078 322 5938 + 27 010 055 3356

Contributing Writers Chantelle C. chantellec@miningbusinessafrica.co.za + 27 10 055 3356

Accounts Precious Chirunga accounts@miningbusinessafrica.co.za + 27 10 055 3356

Art Director/Layout Augustine Ombwa Arobia Creative Consultancy austin@arobia.co.ke +254 772 187 334 Circulation/Sales info@miningbusinessafrica.co.za + 27 10 055 3356 Published By Media Icon (Pty) Ltd

Media Icon (Pty) Ltd makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the contents of its publications, but no warranty is made as to such accuracy and no responsibility will be borne by the publisher for the consequences of actions based on information so published. Further, opinions expressed are not necessarily shared by Media Icon (Pty) Ltd. Location: Max Offices Sandton, 145 Second St., Parkmore Gauteng 2196, South Africa

www.miningbusinessafrica.co.za

Conveyor belt monitoring and protection for African mines

Unrivalled Expertise in Intelligent Conveyor Safety The team of specialists at Electrotron guarantees to mining companies in Africa that Scanbelt, their flagship range of overland conveyor monitoring and protection equipment is exceptionally robust for harsh environments and is of undisputed quality.

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ver the past 40 years, from humble beginnings, Electrotron has evolved into a market leader in Conveyor Safety Equipment in South Africa and the region. Now, the company’s expertise encompasses the manufacturing, installation and commissioning of conveyor protection, belt monitoring, control, communication, weighing and signalling equipment.

All of Electrotron’s products are manufactured in-house at its head office, which is based in Middleburg, South Africa. Leveraging this advantage, the company is focused on finding cost-effective solutions to relevant African challenges.

In a brief to industry, three experts from Electrotron tell Mining Business Africa, that they are elated at the opportunity of growing the footprint of ScanBelt, Electrotron’s flagship conveyor belt monitoring and protection product range in the African mining market.“Scanbelt has become synonymous with Electrotron in the past forty years. Of course, as you would expect, the product range has been evolving to be abreast of contemporary industry needs.”

Potential in Africa Chief Operating Officer, Shane Thompson, underlines the company’s commitment to fill the gap for intelligent conveyor belt safety solutions in the African market. “The potential for our conveyor protection products in Africa is truly something that excites us every day as a company. ScanBelt is capable of drastically improving the efficiency of overland conveyors in our African mines, cutting lost production time and equipment maintenance costs, not to mention the prevention of injury and even loss of human life.”

Exceptionally robust for harshest environments On what makes the ScanBelt a perfect-fit for conveyor belt safety needs, Byron Beiling, the Technical Manager, assures potential clientele in Africa that the system is exceptionally robust and is designed for the harshest environments in Africa. He explains: “As a complete safety and management automated solution for any conveyor system, Scanbelt is a suitable solution for speed reference monitoring and

2 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

misalignment detector nuisance trips and conveyor prestart. What’s more, the system does not require additional power, wiring or junction boxes.”

Scanbelt ticks all the boxes concerning conveyor belt safety and efficiency requirements, particularly in the following areas: 1. Legal compliance Regarding legal compliance, Teiling demonstrates: “Our built-in Safeline system ensures hardwired interlock compliance as is required by the Mining Health and Safety Act regarding moving machinery, as well as the safety requirements of the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE).

It is also 100% aligned with the Conveyor Manufacturers Association of South Africa (CMSA) with regards to interlocking requirements of final drives.”

2. Increased end-user Availability In effect, these characteristics, along with local manufacture, approved ISO 9001 quality and cost-effectiveness, successfully increase the end-user conveyor availability from less than 86% to in excess of 97%. These statistics to any end user are sufficient proof that the installation of a Scanbelt system pays for itself.

improve safety and reduce cost of ownership.

Our diverse portfolio of satisfied customers confirms this.”

Reputation for diligent delivery Electrotron has built an inimitable reputation for delivering conveyor safety solutions on time, within budget and to the client’s expectations.

So far, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia, Botswana and Ghana already form part of Electrotron’s impressive African portfolio. True to form, this success has opened doors for more business.

It is a small wonder, currently, Electrotron is involved in projects in Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Namibia and a new project in Mali.

Meanwhile, the company’s project management team is working on project feasibility studies for Africa.

Through the offering of a customised complete turnkey solution, Electrotron is looking forward to replicating success as experienced in previous projects in their new Africa adventures.

In conclusion, Shane Thompson pronounces: “Scanbelt are the future...and the future is NOW! And in engaging Electrotron mining companies can rest assured that they are engaging unrivalled expertise.”

Electrotron’s five divisions Electrotron consists of five main business divisions, namely: • Scanbelt - Intelligent, protection, safety and management of conveyor belts • Scancom – Reliable, remote diagnostic underground radio communication • Scanpanel – Legally compliant flameproof and dustproof starter and control panels • Scanweigh – Accurate, in-motion weighing equipment • Scanchair – Intelligent, protection, safety and management of chair lift systems.

3. User-friendly maintenance Another trait synonymous with Electrotron systems is the fact that they allow for UserFriendly Maintenance, resulting in reduced breakdown times.

4. Cost of Ownership Standardisation reduces the Cost of Ownership and ensures the availability of spares. Moreover, it fast-tracks training.

5. Planned maintenance Scanbelt generates automatic reports. The end-user uses the data gathered in planned maintenance programmes, as well as in carrying out effective safety audits.

Undisputed Quality Concerning product standards, Marketing Manager, Tyrone Thompson, asserts that there should be no doubt that the quality of the ISO 9001 certified Scanbelt system is undisputed.

“Electrotron’s key products provide the African mining companies guaranteed access to premier quality. Our continuous improvements on the scope of ScanBelt are informed by customer feedback and emerging trends within the mining environment.”

Lamenting reports of substandard products flooding the market, Electrotron is urging mine operators in Africa to make prudent decisions when procuring conveyor belt protection and monitoring systems. On why Scanbelt should be their first choice, Tyrone stresses, “Scanbelt can drastically improve conveyor availability,

Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023 3

Drilling in deep-level mining environments

Drilling for Innovative Techniques OEMs demonstrate that, indeed “Necessity is the mother of invention”, as they develop and release to the drilling equipment to meet current requirements of underground mining.

Hydro-powered drilling (Image Credits: HPSA)

E

xtraction activities in Platinum Group Metals and gold mines are going deeper.

As they venture into this unforgiving terrain, in various tasks, mine operators have to contend with contemporary challenges such as skyrocketing energy costs, increasing safety risks, low productivity and environmental compliance. Effectively managing these can ensure the long-term sustainability of mining.

proven innovative drilling technologies.

Accordingly, responding to this need, on the R&D front, OEMs have been developing machinery equipped with ground-breaking features once considered the stuff of sci-fi just over a decade ago. Encouragingly, when deployed on a commercial scale, it has been established that the machinery is helping mine operators cope with contemporary challenges.

Rock drilling Consequently, utilising every facet of operations to achieve this end is vital. Fortunately, one of the spheres when opportunities beckon is rock drilling.

Unfortunately, the traditional techniques of rock drilling demonstrate limitations. Naturally, this necessitates mine operators to embrace

Shortcomings of traditional techniques Certainly, the relevance of new technologies becomes clearer by examining the limitations of traditional drilling techniques and how they impact operations at the outset, particularly in the following areas:

4 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

1. Environment There is a global shift towards decarbonisation, with mining one of the sectors obliged to comply.

But what do traditional drilling equipment/tools offer towards achieving that end?

However, due to their inefficiencies, traditional techniques involve over-drilling, which burns more fuel, producing more emissions.

Conversely, efficient drilling would burn less fuel, reducing emissions. Thus, Minimising the environmental impacts of mining processes has never been of greater importance.

2. Energy Power costs could have increased by as much as five-fold in the last few years. Of course.

This differs from country to country. But the fact is that generally, prices are not getting any

Drilling in deep-level mining enviroments cheaper, which is tellingly impacting energyintensive industries like mining.

Unfortunately, most conventional drilling systems, such as those using compressed air, are known to be very energy-intensive. On a deep level, there is even more energy required, prompting the adoption of alternative techniques.

3. 3. Productivity In the area of production, labour costs have increased but the same cannot be said about productivity. This is a typical scenario in South Africa. Mining companies are under pressure to accede to the demands of labour unions for wage increases of their members, most of whom drilling operators. Some mining heads have deemed meeting the demands unsustainable, as they are not linked to productivity.

Hence, to increase productivity among drill operators, there is a need to improve the utilisation of equipment. But do traditional drilling techniques help in the quest for high productivity?

Fatigue is among the numerous problems that drill operators encounter with traditional drilling machinery. For instance, with a heavy rock drill, the time required and the task involved in assembling and disassembling causes fatigue.

As a result, operators would be too tired to perform tasks effectively. This hinders efforts to increase productivity.

4.

4. Occupational health and safety risk Traditional drilling machinery places operators very close to the rock face, exposing the workers to several occupational health and safety risks. Firstly, they face the risk of serious injury, at best, and fatalities, at worst. In addition, exposure to emissions with high diesel particulate matter (DPM) content poses a high risk of lung cancer or silicosis. This is without mentioning that noisier pneumatic drill rigs, for instance, expose operators to a high risk of noise-induced hearing loss. Usually, the noise decibel levels are above the environmental noise level and safety threshold.

Evidently, this situation calls for equipment that meets the production and occupational health and safety requirements.

hydropower drilling machinery from two South African OEMs, Novatek and Hydro Power Equipment (HPE) has been trialled in platinum and gold mines in South Africa. The results indicate that there are significant opportunities for energy savings, occupational health and safety, water efficiency, and improving efficiency.

At Impala Platinum’s mine in Rustenburg, the mine management claimed to have noticed a 37% increase in production, as well as reduced water use by 60% and electricity use by 80%.

Additionally, hydro drilling resulted in significant noise reduction of noise from traditional DTH drilling activity from 109 decibels to 103 decibels.

This was a significant reduction in exposure to noise-induced hearing loss.

Encouraged by the results, the mining companies involved in the trials have decided to completely remove compressed air from their operations and equip their mining crews with hydropower drilling machines. ii. Automation From reports of the feats it is accomplishing in underground mining operations, doubtless, automation has revolutionised drilling. Powered by electric motors, automated drills feature cutting-edge technology in drilling automation, data management, and tele-remote operations.

Noteworthy, the adoption of automated drilling results in gains mainly in two areas, safety and productivity.

In terms of safety, autonomous drilling greatly reduces the presence of workers in the face of drilling activity. In this way, it significantly minimises their risk of serious injury or fatalities.

Furthermore, from a productivity standpoint,

Trailblazing innovations Timely, trailblazing machinery innovations are being released on the market. When deployed on a commercial scale, it is registering compelling success. Demonstrably, there are substantial gains from adopting them.

Particularly changing the game are hydro drilling, automation, i. Hydro drilling Hydrodrilling employs high-pressure water, instead of compressed air, to power rock drills and other mining equipment. Thus far,

Automated drilling equipment from Sandvic

6 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

automation means traditional workforce requirements are not needed. This frees up staff for other essential duties, which improves efficiency across the board. iii. Battery-operated capabilities A battery-operated drill rig not only delivers improved productivity but also improves health conditions for miners. It reduces diesel fume particulate matter which mining workforces are constantly exposed to. Moreover, by eliminating diesel emissions, it minimises the need for ventilation. iv. New raised boring equipment Electro-hydraulic, fully mechanised, selfcontained, and independent mobile drill equipment can perform ascending or descending drilling. Developed and popularised

by Sandvic, the equipment is capable of eliminating the challenges associated with traditional raise boring machines.

Unlike traditional raise boring machines, the new raise boring equipment rewrites the modus operandi. The equipment does not require a concrete pad, additional rock works or any special utilities or provisions besides the ones fitted on the equipment.

Sparing no effort These technological advances highlighted are only a small part of the whole. Vividly, from the foregoing, OEMs are sparing no effort unturned in pursuit of technologies that help mine operators navigate unforgiving environments to ensure improved safety and efficiency, as well as environmentally friendly compliance.

Diesel Rebate Claims for Mining Businesses

Diesel Rebate Claims for Mining Businesses For mining companies in South Africa, following the correct procedure in filing could be the difference between getting the real value from the fuel (diesel) tax rebate claim or not. Every cent should be accounted for. As well as every litre.

I

n terms of the Customs and Excise Act, through the Value Added Tax (VAT) system, businesses in some sectors can claim back from the South African Revenue Service (SARS) the fuel and Road Accident Fund (RAF) levies included on every litre of fuel purchased. This alleviates the burden on a company’s cash flow, allowing the claimed funds to be directed towards meeting operating expenses.

Which business qualify According to the National Treasury, businesses in sectors such as forestry, mining, farming, shipping, and rail, just to cite a few, qualify for diesel rebate claims. This is because they do not use road infrastructure, thus deemed it unfair for them to bear the burden of contributing to the fuel levy. Similarly, they are also exempt from contributing to the Road Accident Fund, which is used to compensate victims of road accidents.

lies with the taxpayer/diesel user. And so, a company must consider the following: a. You must prove your claim. b. You must prove every litre used. c. Your proof must be original, source record authentic and provable.

Primary Production “Primary Production” is defined in the legislation and is where your diesel claim sits. “Primary” refers to mineral extraction. Primary Production is eligible for diesel claim.

On the other hand, Secondary Production/ operations, which entail post-mineral extraction and further processing, are Non Eligible for diesel claims.

This provision is concerning: Sch 6 part 3 note 6 with specific but not exclusive reference to para (f) (Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964).

What are the Basic steps in logging a claim?

Andrew Hancock, a tax consultant from Colebander Inc (affiliated with CustomEx Pty Ltd), says a business must be conversant with the following when logging a claim:

Activities The following activities form the critical basis for logging and claiming:

The Burden of Proof From SARS’ perspective, the Burden of Proof

•

•

Activities must be clearly and descriptively recorded, aligned to the respective list in the schedule.

The source of these records must be, original, available and clear.

Logging When logging, the following information should be considered to ensure the integrity of information: • Any form of software-based logging must be supported by an authentic original and provable source record.

• Electronic tagging, excel base reports, etc all require evidential supporting source records. Recent disputes that Andrew has been involved in have exposed this requirement. “Unfortunately, evidential supporting source record is often overlooked as users place heavy reliance on these systems,“ Hancock laments.

“These systems (Electronic tagging and Excel-based reports) are not magical claim savers.”

• Systems that claim that no more manual record keeping is required are misleading.

Such systems are very helpful in collating and consolidating data but for Sars, can lack the authenticity needed to secure the claims.

• Data compliance, authenticity, evidence, and the ability to perform full audit trails are critical.

Changes to legislation Meanwhile, businesses are still awaiting legislation enhancements, which have been in draft form since 2017. So far, significant progress has been made, with rounds of stakeholder engagement with Sars having taken place over the last 18 months or so.

With keen interest, Hancock anticipates the conclusion of the changes. “My understanding is that the next round of stakeholder engagements in this context will revolve around logging criteria and format.”

Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023 7

Mine Health and Safety Audits

Safe Operations, Profitable Mining As mining companies are chasing high revenue numbers, they should not drop the ball on adherence to prescribed safety standards.

this could translate into an irretrievable revenue loss, and for employees, loss of livelihood and destitution. This is the last experience any sane mine operator would be keen to encounter: missing out on bumper yields.

The ultimate benefit The long and short is that compliance audits are not a grudge undertaking but for the business’s benefit. Instead, doing the right thing enables a mine to increase revenue while achieving zero harm.

Festive Concerns

Poor Mine Health and Safety Audits resulted in this accident at the Lily Mine in Mpumalanga, South Africa

By Nick Barnes

M

ining companies are targetting massive revenue as they strive to cash in on a spell of favourable commodity prices. A growing concern is that, in hot pursuit of this, mining companies may overlook inherent safety risks in their operations.

Eventually, negligence of safety measures would negate the envisaged gains.

Mine Health and Safety Act (MHSA) In South Africa, the Mine Health and Safety Act (MHSA), complemented by the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA), provides appropriate health and safety standards for mines to follow to achieve zero harm. Similar legislation applies in other mining jurisdictions.

Under the ambit of the MHSA, DMRE conducts compliance audits to ascertain whether a mine’s procedures and policies meet national legislation and internationally accepted standards.

Through health and safety inspections, issues are pointed out and suitable remedial measures are recommended for implementation.

In an industry advisory disseminated earlier this year, ASPASA stresses the need for organisations to establish an advisory council in-house to oversee

occupational health and safety issues.

In this way, the council can determine the necessary steps to comply with the MHSA and OHSA. Though targeted at quarries and surface mines, the principle applies to underground mining.

The obligation of employers and employees Compliance should be ingrained in the company’s culture for its impact to be profound. Both employers and employees must take responsibility for the common good in all work areas - no stone should be left unturned.

Non-compliance Despite being aware of their obligations, it is uncommon for mine operators to be complacent and flout regulations.

Sometimes they can get away with it.

But there is a huge price to pay for negligence. For instance, when there is an infringement, the DMRE may evoke Section-54 Mine Closure or impose a stiff penalty. Section 54 of the MHSA empowers an inspector to close a mine temporarily or permanently.

The implications of closure should not be underestimated. When a mine is closed, the situation could have devastating consequences for owners and staff. From a business perspective,

8 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

There is a need to enhance interventions and measures.

According to the DMRE, usually during this time of the year (as the festive season approaches), there is a noticeable increase in the number of fatalities and injuries. Common issues that arise at this time are shift fatigue, drug and alcohol abuse and general negligence.

Chiefly, this trend is due to poor supervision, anxiety or excitement associated with the festive season, and pressure to meet production targets just to mention a few. As such, interventions such as shift fatigue management systems and drug and alcohol tests, amongst others, should be done religiously.

Safety Checklist The following basic steps are vital in ensuring compliant operations: 1. Prioritise Planning 2. Maintain Rigorous Standards 3. Wear Personal Protective Gear 4. Pay Attention to Equipment Upkeep 5. Improve Visibility 6. Take Lifting Precautions 7. Manage Vibration and Noise Levels 8. Account for Harsh Temperatures 9. Ventilate Harmful Gases 10. Shut Down Old Shafts 11. Implement Rock Burst Prevention Measures 12. Stay Aware of Fire Risks 13. Watch for Dust Hazards 14. Keep Electrical Safety in Mind 15. Prepare for the Possibility of Slips and Falls 16. Consider the Potential for CaveIns 17. Emphasise Communication 18. Take Advantage of Professional Training and Refreshers

Mill Liners for African Mining Projects

Robust Liners, Increased Mill Availability A subsidiary of Growth Group, Growth Steel has built a reputation as a leader in the design and manufacture of mineral processing wear solutions worldwide. The company’s team of Application Engineers tell MINING BUSINESS AFRICA that they are well-equipped to meet the needs of mine operators in Africa, where they have spotted a gap in their niche market.

C

urrently, grinding mills are overworked as mining companies are boosting production to profit from favourable global mineral commodity prices. Typically, under these conditions, component wear and tear is inevitable. The ensuing downtime to equipment translates into potential revenue loss.

Fortunately, with proper planning, this situation is avoidable.

The team of Application Engineers at Growth Steel advise mining companies that prudent procurement decisions are central to minimising grinding mill downtime. In particular, they stress the importance of engaging seasoned players in mill lining.

Trusted provider In an end-of-year brief to potential clients, the Team state that, as a subsidiary of the Growth Group, Growth

Steel has positioned itself as a trusted provider of optimal mill liner solutions to mining companies globally. “With many years as a leading global milllining system supplier, we, at Growth Steel, have relevant insight into the complementary functions of steel and rubber liners. We understand how each works best for specific mill applications and how your business can benefit from both,” they say, highlighting the company’s strengths as the one-stop centre, a diverse range of liners, the flexibility of customisation, over and above unquestionable adherence to high-quality standards.

One-stop centre Utilising the know-how of Growth Rubber (Growth Group’s other subsidiary), Growth Steel is a one-stop centre for all mill-liner applications. It

10 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

offers mining companies and related industries the convenience of singleaccess optimal differentiated rubber compound solutions to suit their specific liner requirements.

Diverse liner range In a diverse range, the liners are available in full rubber or Poly-Steel as materials of construction to suit different milling applications in SAG Mills, AG Mills, Primary and Secondary Ball Mills, Regrind Mills, Lime Mills and Cement Mills.

1. Premium quality rubber Premium quality rubber is selected for maximum wear resistance. Additionally, the rubber compounds are developed and field-tested for long-lasting performance.

2. Poly-Steel Poly-Steel is used to create the most wear-resistant and high performance components. On the suitability of the material, the Technical Team explain: “Poly-Steel combines the best properties of rubber and steel in one product. Typically, lighter than full steel, Poly-Steel is faster and safer to install while contributing to higher productivity.”

Under its Poly-Steel liner range, Growth Steel can produce high-quality Lifter Bars, Shell & Head Plates, Discharge Grates and Pulp Lifter systems for the client‘s specific grinding mill application.

About the Lifter Bars, to achieve maximum service life, the lifter bars incorporate a low profile, aircraft grade aluminium T-Track. Options available also include Mild Steel and Stainless Steel T-Tracks to meet specific grinding conditions.

Customisation Aware that operating conditions can differ significantly from mill to mill, Growth Steel tests and develops differentiated rubber compounds to

suit specific operation requirements.

Depending on end-user requirements, each of its casting designs can include multiple casting profiles, face angles and weight specifically tailored to unique grinding conditions.

What’s more, Growth Steel can manufacture components up to 2060mm long for a variety of milling applications. This approach reduces the number of parts needed to install in a mill.

Effectively, this reduces the time and process of installation.

ISO Quality Standards Growth Steel assures customers that they should rest assured that its liners are top-notch, developed and manufactured following procedures and practices that are in accordance with ISO quality standards.

Partnering with Growth Steel Lastly, stressing why customers should not hesitate to partner with Growth Steel in milling lining requirements, the team conclude: “We know the importance of ensuring that your Mill Liner System provides optimal grinding performance at the lowest operational cost to ensure mill availability.“

Benefits of Growth Steel Rubber Liners

C • • • • • • • •

lients can benefit the following from using Growth Steel full rubber liners: Reduced weight – 75 per cent lighter than metal Increased charge weight High abrasion impact and tear-resistant Quicker and safer to install Lower cost per tonne Improved sealing properties 50% noise reduction Excellent chemical and acid resistance

A trusted name in the industry.

As one of the world’s leading mill liner manufacturers, we pride ourselves with providing excellent wear parts and providing comprehensive technical services and solutions to our customers.

GROWTH provides total package technical solutions, includes utilizing the 3D Laser Scanning, 3D Liner Profiling and 3D DEM Simulation to assess and optimise mill liner design and maximise product quality.

We are confident to be your One-Stop Center for all mill lining application. Manufacturing is our craft, providing comprehensive solution and technical service to our customers is the core of our ambition.

FROM MILL LINERS TO GRINDING MEDIA

GROWTH STEEL AFRICA PTY LTD | enquiry@growthsteel.com | +27 82 050 0901 www.growthsteel.com

Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023 11

Environmental Offsets for Mining Projects

Necessity or Additional Burden?

South Africa is grappling with the mounting challenge of monitoring and enforcing various pieces of environmental management legislation for the mining sector. Based on this, introducing a new policy on offsets, though well-intentioned, may end up overburdening the regulatory capacity, which currently falls short.

One of Eskom South Africa’s coal-fired power plants

S

outh Africa’s Department of Environment (DEA) is compiling Africa’s first policy on environmental offsets for the mining industry. It is a ‘first’, as there is no record of any country that has implemented such an initiative before.

If approved, the Policy will impose new obligations on both the regulator (DEA) and the mining companies – monitoring on the former and compliance on the latter. But the critical question revolves around whether this legislation is needed urgently or not.

Firstly, it is vital to analyse the policy’s objectives, then examine grey areas that could complicate implementation and assess their potential implications on regulation.

Well-meant Essentialy, the policy in environmental offsets is well-meant. According to the DEA, an environmental offset is an intervention, or interventions, specifically implemented to counterbalance an adverse environmental impact of land-use change, resource use, discharge, emission or other activity at one location. The intervention is implemented at another location to deliver a net environmental benefit. Environmental offsets include carbon equivalents, biodiversity, water and air quality.

Distinctly, environmental offsets aim at preventing a net loss of natural assets due to development. For instance, concerning biodiversity, the ultimate objective is to achieve “no net loss up to a target”, while for air quality,

12 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

water, and carbon currencies “net positive outcomes”.

The draft policy touts environmental offsets as a viable tool mining companies can utilise to mitigate residual impacts from a development project’s Environmental Impact assessment interventions). Otherwise, if left unattended, these could result in the collapse of ecological infrastructure, the local extinction of species and the loss of invaluable ecosystem services, it states.

Largely, the DEA asserts that offsets are essential to realising the following core objectives: Stable climate, Biologically diverse and ecologically functioning habitats, Healthy water bodies and Healthy air quality.

However, the draft policy clarifies that environmental offsets will not replace the EIA mitigation hierarchy such as avoiding (negative impacts) and mitigating (avoidable impacts).

Notably, there is a precondition. Offsets are only adopted once these steps have been addressed.

It identifies two areas of opportunities for mining companies in environmental offsetting - direct and indirect offsets. Through direct offsets, a company compensates for the ecological damage through initiatives such as creating, restoring or protecting existing habitat and reducing threats. Indirect offsets involve initiatives not related to environmental restoration such as grants to small businesses or educational bursaries.

Loopholes While environmental offsets are well-meant, experience from sophisticated jurisdictions suggests they may be open to abuse.

Organisations, big business, in particular, can exploit. Some of among numerous loopholes include: 1. Greenwashing A company can unscrupulously utilise an offset policy as a tool to spruce up a bad reputation of a company. The company’s development may have damaged the environment and the company may decide to earn some green points through investing in another initiative for good PR.

2.

Certain negative offset, uncertain gain A grey area in environmental offsets is that a certain negative impact is traded for uncertain gains. The assumption is that this is like for like, while, in reality, it isn’t. For example, to compensate for an oil spill in one area a mining company could decide to build a school in another. Nonetheless, this may not necessarily restore or mitigate the impact of the damage.

3. Corporate influence In the west, corporations are known to wield so much power through lobbying politicians to pass policies skewed towards guaranteeing that their bottom line is safeguarded. In countries where such cases have occurred, it has undermined the effective implementation of environmental regulations. Globally, there are accounts, too numerous to be documented, of corporations grossly and blatantly violating regulation and paying a small fine for admission of guilt, at best, or getting away scott-free at worst. And so, as a developing country, South Africa may not be unique, not least considering gaps in monitoring and enforcement.

Putting the cart before the horse Despite the good intentions, at present, ratifying the environmental offsets policy is akin to putting a proverbial cart before the horse.

This is considering that the current regulatory framework is already overwhelmed.

Documented cases of infringements suggest

that monitoring and enforcing may not be up to the task. Cases that are just the tip of the iceberg are acid mine water drainage in Johannesburg, air pollution, communities being exposed to noise and damage to houses due to blasting around some mining communities, etc.

Unmistakably, with regulatory capacity already falling short, it would be outrageous to overburden the DEA with another policy. It is one thing to have a policy with a wide scope and totally another to ensure that it is effectively implemented. At stake are huge implications for regulation.

First things first Instead, the priority should be strengthening existing regulatory and spatial planning processes rather than taking on new and more complex regulatory tasks. This point is highlighted in GroundWork’s review of the draft policy. “We believe that the government needs to strengthen its primary regulatory and planning capacity rather than trying to offset them. Spatial planning is particularly important for biodiversity and healthy wetlands and rivers which can provide clean water. We think that the rigorous application of the environment right in the Bill of Rights to all planning and processes will provide a more coherent approach for good projects and give better results all round than offsets.”

The rational approach should be ‘first things first” as the government mulls over introducing environmental offsets to augment the traditional EIA mitigation hierarchy.

South Africa has failed to protect locals from gold mine pollution

Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023 13

Prefabricated Deployment

Setting New Standards in Off-site Construction TurnKey Modular is a go-to Company specialising in off-site Construction. Recently, the company made a milestone in Sasol South Africa’s coarse ash dump project.

Turnkey Modular’s prefabricated solution for Sasol South Africa’s coarse ash dump project

P

refabricated deployment, a construction process where building components are pre-built off-site in a controlled factory environment, is rapidly gaining popularity due to its many advantages over traditional on-site construction. Companies like TurnKey Modular are pioneering new fabrication methods for offsite construction and have extensive experience

offering diverse prefabricated deployment solutions underpinned by technical innovation and a client-centric focus.

Sasol’s coarse ash dump project Recently, TurnKey Modular was tasked with designing and constructing a prefabricated solution for Sasol South Africa’s coarse ash

14 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

dump project. The project required two modular structures, one of which is an 86-tonne building that is 8.5 meters wide by 20 meters long. “In terms of weight and area, it’s probably the biggest unit that we’ve done,” says Darrin Day, TurnKey Modular Operations Manager.

The building holds medium voltage and low voltage switching equipment, switching

panels, DCDVs, and battery tripping units ACDB. Additionally, it has a segregated fire and explosion-resistant battery room to ensure optimal safety, as the oil and gas industry has stringent regulations which need to be adhered to. For instance, batteries in the room need to be “intrinsically safe”, which means that should there be a spark or flame, it’s all kept within an enclosure that won’t ignite any gases that may occur in the battery room. This is the third unit of its type designed by Turnkey Modular for Sasol South Africa.

Commitment to Safety What also sets TurnKey Modular apart is its commitment to safety consciousness. The company conducts meticulous route surveys and

uses engineering expertise to ensure that big loads are transported safely. For instance, on the CAD project, a D9 dozer was riding behind the truck just in case it began sliding.

This level of safety consciousness was also evident in the design of the buildings, which were carefully assessed after being assembled in a fully operational state inside TurnKey Modular headquarters in Germiston, Johannesburg.

The beauty of off-site construction is that the buildings on-site in Secunda look exactly how they looked on the Turnkey Modular floor.

“We stood it in the shop with all that handrails, walkways, legs, everything,” adds Day. Before being loaded onto the truck, all the small components were removed and then sent separately on a truck. The substation is fully

operational and tested before leaving the factory, and the only thing that needs to go in when it gets to the site is the cables that go in and out.

The Future of Construction Prefabricated deployment is the future of construction, and companies like TurnKey Modular are leading the way. They redefine what’s possible for off-site construction and ensure that every project they undertake is done with the utmost safety and precision.

The CAD Project is an excellent example of their technical innovation and client-centric approach, and it’s no wonder that they’re quickly becoming the go-to company for off-site construction solutions in South Africa.

UNLOCK EFFICIENCY AND INNOVATION IN ELECTRICAL AND ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTIONS WITH TURNKEY MODULAR! Your Trusted Partner for Cutting-Edge Modular Infrastructure Ready to revolutionise your mining operation?

Contact TurnKey Modular today for a consultation.

Let's change your infrastructure deployment with world-class modular solutions!

For more information email darrin@turnkey.africa Visit our website at www.turnkey.africa

Follow Us On:

200 Serenade Road, Rustivia, Germiston, 1401

Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023 15

Industrial Valves for High-Pressure Backfills

Reliability, Integrity and Innovation PACE Valves South Africa pulls out all the stops in providing suitable solutions for clients in mining for their high-pressure backfill requirements. The company has made successful installations in Africa to the client’s satisfaction.

P

aste backfill is by far one of the toughest processes on piping and flow control equipment. That is why it is in the severe service category due to the combined elements of high pressure, velocity and erosion caused by high abrasion and cavitation.

PACE VALVES South Africa and PROEGER Australia PACE VALVES South Africa is well-resourced to address the backfill challenges that mine operators face. The solutions offered by PACE VALVES South Africa and PROEGER Australia

include not only the valve and actuators but also detailed engineered control systems matched specifically to each valve which are thoroughly tested in-house before shipment. “Gone are the days of end-users and contractors needing to design and build control systems that do not seamlessly communicate with the valves.

PACE Valves is committed to providing solid turn-key solutions,” says Charlotte Vaughan of PACE Valves, highlighting that the company understands the needs of mining companies.

High-quality, Extensive Engineering and Service Support Typically, mines operate in remote and harsh environments and for this reason rely on their suppliers for precise, durable equipment that ensures they maximise their production safely.

And so, PACE Valves, South Africa supplies only the highest quality products along with extensive technical engineering knowledge and 24/7 service support to meet all mining needs.

“Not only are we well-versed in low-pressure commodity valves, but also specialise in highpressure severe service and paste backfill valves,” Vaughan says.

16 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

Installations in Africa PACE Valves regards Africa as a big market.

So far, it has been involved in big installations across Africa, ranging from Emergency Dump Valves and Knife Gates to Diverter and Flush Water Injection Valves.

PACE Valves can also provide highly recommended PROEGER’s Dump Valve Control

Panel system. The system enables end users to control the PROEGER Dump Valve remotely from the surface control room or locally at the valve when needed.

40 years of experience Lastly, Vaughan assures mines that engaging PACE Valves for their requirements guarantees

reliability, integrity and innovation. “With over 40 years of experience in the field. We can offer any valve solution from isolation to control applications. Look on us as your single-source valve project house for unmatched products, engineering assistance and service solutions.”

Full Turnkey Valve Solutions Provided including High Pressure and Severe Service Paste Backfill & Tailings Valves PACE Valves has earned a reputation for delivering top-quality products that exceed the expectations of our valued customers.

Whether you are seeking a reliable flow control solution, high-pressure severe service application, or low-pressure industrial process systems, our diverse range of valves and actuators is designed to meet your specific needs.

G e t I n T o u c h (011) 452-6826/7/8 | enq@pacevalves.co.za | www.pacevalves.co.za

Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023 17

The annual PDAC 2024 Convention

Raymond Goldie President - Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (PDAC)

The annual PDAC 2024 Convention

T

he annual PDAC 2024 Convention - The World’s Premier Mineral Exploration & Mining Convention will take place from March 3-6 in Toronto, Canada. The award winning PDAC Convention is widely considered the “Super Bowl” of the mineral exploration and mining community and is the leading event for people, companies and organizations connected to mineral exploration.

The convention brings together up to 30,000 attendees from over 130+ countries for its

R

aymond Goldie is the current president of the Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (PDAC).

Born and raised in New Zealand, Raymond holds a B.Sc. from Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand, an M.Sc. from McGill University and received his PhD from Queen’s University, Canada. The topic of his doctoral thesis was the geology of the Archean rocks in the Noranda area of Quebec.

With decades of experience in the industry, Raymond has held positions as a field geologist, and has worked for investment dealers in Toronto, Canada as a mineral economist and financial analyst. Between 2015 and 2018 he was Expert Witness in a Voisey’s Bay lawsuit.

He has also been, and continues to be, a Director of junior mineral exploration companies.

Raymond’s work in economics research resulted in the first publication of the term “pinch-point” in 1990, which he trademarked in 2000. His published work includes the book Inco Comes to Labrador (Flanker Press, 2005) and many technical publications, most recently Grade Control and Deleterious Materials in Polymetallic Deposits (AusIMM, 2022).

He has also served on PDAC committees: the Governance & Nominating Committee, Awards Committee, Convention Planning Committee, Executive Committee, Securities and the Sustainability Committee.

educational programming, networking events, business opportunities and fun.

Since it began in 1932, the convention has grown in size, stature and influence. Today, it is the event of choice for the world’s mineral industry hosting more than 1,100 exhibitors and 700 speakers.

For more information, please visit www.pdac.ca/convention

Lisa McDonald Executive Director - Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (PDAC)

18 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

L

isa McDonald is the Executive Director of the Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (PDAC).

Lisa has played a vital role in PDAC’s success for more than 20 years. Prior to being the Executive Director, Lisa served as the association’s Chief Operations Officer (COO) for 10 years where she delivered the strategic goals of the association and oversaw all aspects of operational performance.

Lisa is considered one of the key drivers behind the expansion of the annual PDAC Convention in Toronto. As the Convention Director from 2001 to 2008, Lisa was an integral part of growing the event into what is now considered the world’s premier mineral exploration and mining convention, drawing upwards of 30,000 attendees from 135 countries.

Lisa is a Past President of the Canadian Association of Exposition Management (the national association for professionals involved in the production, management, and planning of trade and consumer shows, and events), and is a member of the Canadian Society of Association Executives.

PROSPECTORS & DEVELOPERS ASSOCIATION OF CANADA

2024 THE WORLD’S PREMIER MINERAL EXPLORATION & MINING CONVENTION

REGISTER AT pdac.ca/convention | #PDAC2024

MARCH 3-6 Metro Toronto Convention Centre Toronto, Canada

NETWORK Connect with delegates from 130+ countries

DISCOVER Experience 1,100 exhibitors showcasing the best of the industry LEARN Expand your knowledge with hundreds of hours of programming led by international experts

INVEST Engage with institutional, private and retail investors, plus senior executives

2024

Creating connections since 1932

PPE Vendor Managed stores in Industrial Environments

Pioneering Proactive Safety “Sheq Safety’s PPE Vendor Managed stores represent a paradigm shift in the way safety is approached in industrial environments.” the-art gear that anticipates potential dangers and mitigates risks effectively. The equipment available in these stores is not just cutting-edge; it’s a testament to Sheq Safety’s commitment to staying ahead of the curve, constantly researching and incorporating the latest advancements in PPE technology.

Moreover, these stores are more than just transactional spaces. They are hubs of knowledge and expertise, staffed by trained professionals who understand the nuances of different industries and occupations. Workers visiting these stores receive personalized guidance, ensuring they are equipped not only with the right gear but also with the knowledge to use it effectively. This personalized approach enhances the overall safety culture within organizations, fostering a sense of confidence and security among the workforce.

At Sheq Safety’s PPE Vendor Managed stores serve innovation meets necessity

S

heq Safety stands at the forefront of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) advancement, particularly in the demanding sectors of mining and industrial industries where danger is a constant companion. Recognising the inherent risks faced by laborers daily, Sheq Safety has committed to being more than just a supplier of safety gear; they have become a critical partner in ensuring the well-being of those on the front lines of industrial work.

Trailblazer in PPE innovation Sheq Safety’s reputation as a trailblazer in the field of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) innovation is well-deserved, owing to its unwavering dedication to enhancing safety standards and practices in industrial workplaces.

At the core of its pioneering approach are the specialized PPE Vendor Managed stores, which represent a significant departure from traditional distribution points. These stores are meticulously crafted strategic hubs, meticulously designed to serve as more than just warehouses; they

are dynamic repositories of safety, meticulously curated to cater to the diverse and demanding needs of modern job sites.

Innovation meets necessity These PPE Vendor Managed stores serve as pivotal hubs where innovation meets necessity.

They are not static spaces but dynamic environments that evolve with the ever-changing landscape of occupational hazards. Sheq Safety understands that different job sites pose unique challenges, and a one-size-fits-all approach to safety equipment is insufficient. Therefore, these stores are stocked with a carefully curated selection of the latest technology-aided equipment and gear, each item tailored to address the specific risks encountered in various industrial settings.

Proactive approach to safety What sets these stores apart is their proactive approach to safety. Instead of merely reacting to incidents, Sheq Safety takes a preventative stance by providing workers with state-of-

20 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

Paradigm shift In essence, Sheq Safety’s PPE Vendor Managed stores represent a paradigm shift in the way safety is approached in industrial environments. They embody the company’s commitment to proactive risk management, continuous innovation, and personalized service, making them not just distribution points, but vital components of a comprehensive safety strategy that protects and empowers the workforce.

Sheq Safety’s approach goes beyond the provision of helmets and high-visibility vests.

It delves into the development of cutting-edge solutions that address the specific threats workers face in environments fraught with risk. Their products are the result of rigorous research and development efforts, harnessing innovative materials and design philosophies to deliver PPE that offers superior protection without sacrificing comfort or mobility.

Holistic understanding Moreover, Sheq Safety is keenly aware that true safety extends beyond the mere availability of gear. It encompasses a holistic understanding of workplace hazards, employee behaviour, and the intricate dance between human factors and mechanical elements. Therefore, their services include comprehensive safety audits, PPE training programs, and consultation services that help businesses not only comply with regulations but foster a culture of safety that permeates every level of operation.

In this way, Sheq Safety is not just a provider of equipment but a proactive architect of safer work environments. Their influence and expertise have made them a respected voice in

Manufacturers of

B-BBEE LEVEL 1 CERTIFIED

Sheq Safety is a Vertical Supply Company that Specialises in Manufacturing, Development, VMI Management & Direct Supply of PPE for Companies in the Mining, Engineering, Manufacturing and Construction industries.

Sahara Workwear holds a national footprint as a Vendor Manage Inventory Service provider for various Blue Chip Mining & Industrial Companies.

As a black, female owned workwear manufacturer with SABS 434 accreditation, we have an exceptionally strong focus on the development and design of Workwear for Women In Mining and Industry.

As experts in our field, our focus is to assist our customers to streamline supply as their ONE STOP PPE & Corporate Supply Partner

info@saharaworkwear.com | +27 11 760 2185 www.sheqsafety.co.za

PPE ON-SITE STORES VENDOR MANAGED SPECIALISTS

PPE Vendor Managed stores in Industrial Environments the industry, advocating for more stringent safety measures and pushing the envelope of what’s possible in PPE technology. This commitment has earned the trust of those who work at the edge of danger, knowing that Sheq Safety’s innovations are their shield against the perils of the industrial world.

At the helm of this transformation The dynamics of safety in the mining industry are changing, and Sheq Safety is at the helm of this transformation. The acquisition of a new mine recently is a strategic move that underlines Sheq Safety’s growth trajectory and its unwavering commitment to safety excellence.

This new chapter is not merely about extending geographical boundaries; it’s about extending the culture of safety and responsible management of PPE resources. Sheq Safety’s intervention has led to a marked improvement in the optimization of PPE spending, ensuring that quality is upheld while expenditure is kept in check, an equilibrium that many in the industry struggle to balance.

Laser-focused approach In the pursuit of creating a safer work environment, Sheq Safety has adopted a laser-focused approach to providing jobspecific PPE. The era of generic safety gear has passed; today, the company ensures that each piece of equipment is tailored to meet the specific requirements of different job roles, particularly in high-risk areas like furnaces. This dedication to personalized protection reflects a deep understanding that the right gear is not a luxury but a necessity for the well-being and performance of the workforce.

Safety, is the embodiment of the principle that comfort should not be sacrificed at the altar of safety. The creation of this brand was a meticulous process that involved comprehensive dialogue with female miners, aiming to understand and then dismantle the barriers they face with traditional PPE. The outcome is a line of workwear that marries safety with comfort, infusing style and functionality in a way that elevates the wearers’ confidence and competence.

The challenges that women face in the subterranean environment of mining are unique and often overlooked. Sheq Safety has addressed one of the more pressing issues head-on: the need for secure and convenient access to restroom facilities. Through proactive measures, the company has taken steps to ensure that the dignity of women miners is respected, allowing them to perform their duties without undue hardship, and promoting an inclusive work culture that transcends gender.

Supporting Women In Mining Sheq Safety’s Sahara Workwear brand is more than just PPE—it’s a statement in support of ‘Women In Mining’. This brand is a significant stride towards inclusivity, offering gear designed specifically for women, ensuring that they are not only protected but also comfortable and confident in their work environment. Sahara Workwear addresses the unique challenges faced by women in the industry, providing them with equipment that fits properly, which is crucial not only for safety but also for their sense of empowerment.

By tailoring PPE to the female workforce, Sheq Safety is not just making a commitment to individual safety; it is actively fostering a culture of equality. This initiative goes beyond the call of duty by acknowledging the vital role of women in mining and supporting their success with practical, well-designed workwear. It’s a step towards breaking down barriers and promoting a diverse, skilled workforce where gender equality is both recognized and celebrated.

Sahara Workwear, a brainchild of Sheq

22 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

Forward-looking vision Sheq Safety’s forward-looking vision is not confined to the present. The company’s ambition stretches into the realms of continued innovation in PPE, expansion of the Sahara Workwear line, and relentless advocacy for the representation of women in all mining roles. Committed to breaking new ground, Sheq Safety is poised to redefine the benchmarks for safety in the industry.

The Philosophy The philosophy of Sheq Safety is built on a foundational belief in the inherent right of every worker to the highest standards of safety and respect. The company’s concerted efforts to finetune PPE spending, ensure the precise fit of safety gear, and bolster the role of women in mining are not mere corporate directives; they are the manifestation of a deeper commitment to the human element in industry. As Sheq Safety paves the way with its initiatives, it is not only charting a course for its own future but also for the future of mining and industry safety at large.

MINING INDABA 2024

Embracing the power of positive disruption:

A bold new future for African mining

I

n celebration of Investing in African Mining Indaba’s 30th anniversary, the content programmes will take on a new direction and purpose with the aim of marking this incredible milestone achievement with conversations and content delivery unlike ever before.

The 2024 theme: “Embracing the power of positive disruption: A bold new future for African mining” represents this objective. It outlines the need for Africa’s mining industry to embrace change in order to become a meaningful global competitor as key minerals are required to drive a sustainable future for the planet.

“Disruption means many things to various sub-sectors of industry, and Mining Indaba wants to explore this theme on every level.

Ultimately, we want to disrupt traditional thinking around processes and conversations and explore what our industry truly needs to resolve challenges. We want to deliver content that does not shy away from the difficult questions and we want industry to share in this vision and showcase how they are disrupting our industry to achieve a brighter future. Technology is required to achieve this, but so are ideas and thoughts around changing most conventional approaches to health and safety, exploration, beneficiation, the workforce, our future generation, and so much more,” says Laura Cornish, Head of Content at Mining Indaba.

2024 offers the opportunity to be bold and daring and to shift the conversation, and next year only represents the start of this new journey. Mining Indaba consists of five days (including Ministerial Symposium on Sunday) where all strategic and influential stakeholders –

including governments, private sector, investors and disruptive services providers – gather to network and exchange ideas that will propel their businesses forward.

The event has evolved over the years to include a variety of content streams and special sessions addressing diverse subjects of relevance in addition to unveiling this year’s programmes that will support the theme of the event.

• With numerous concurrent streams, the largest-ever conference programme will include the following: • Presidential addresses (Angola President confirmed) • The Ministerial symposium • Intergovernmental Summit (3 day programme) • Disruptive discussions (3 day programme) • Sustainability Series (2 day programme) • Investor Series (3 day programme of investor specific content) • Technology and Innovation Hub (2 day programme) • Junior Miners (1 day programme) • Industry Intel (3 day programme) • Young Leaders Programme (1 day programme) • GC Forum (1 day programme) “Mining Indaba is addressing its content and position with more robustness than ever before, urging the mining industry to dig deeper to identify widespread answers to the sector’s existing difficulties”, concludes Cornish.

24 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

Diluents for Solvent Extraction

Proven Diluents, Effective Extraction For improved yields in solvent extraction, the selection of diluents used for copper, lithium and other minerals should be based on informed decisions.

Antucoya Mine’s Copper Solvent Extraction Plant

G

lobally, there is an upsurge in the demand for critical metals and minerals to support the green energy transition and electrification. Thus, mine operators are exploring strategies to boost yields in their respective commodities.

Solvent Extraction Solvent extraction is one of the tried and tested techniques for extracting metals from ores and other sources available to mine operators. In this process, diluents play a critical role.

Solvent extraction is preferred as it enables environmental responsibility, safety, and cost efficiency.

What Solvent Extraction Entails Commonly, in solvent extraction, ore is leached with sulphuric acid. Then, a Pregnant Leach Solution (PLS) is produced. Then, PLS is mixed with the diluent in which an extractant is dissolved. The diluent causes the extractant to bind selectively to the targeted metal, for instance, lithium. Afterwards, the PLS dissolves the copper-extractant complex into the diluent and subsequently separates the organic layer from the water layer.

A variety of hydrocarbons are used to manufacture diluents. Some of the common ones include paraffin, cycloparaffin, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

However, in the marketplace where seemingly there is little differentiation in diluents, end-users must be thorough in product selection.

Solvent Selection For this reason, miner operators should select diluents that meet their performance

Lumwana Copper Mine in Zambia

expectations concerning operator safety, environmental friendliness, and efficacy.

Essentially, the following factors are essential in the selection of the most suitable solvent extraction fluid (the scope could be wider): 1. Lower viscosity The lower viscosity helps in achieving low-phase disengagement times and boosts selectivity.

2. High flashpoint Diluents with high flashpoints, when exposed to high temperatures, reduce the fire risk during solvent extraction. This enhances operator safety.

3. Low rate of evaporation The low rate of evaporation during solvent extraction reduces diluent consumption.

Cumulatively, low solvent consumption can result in significant cost savings annually.

4. Lower aromatic content Lower aromatic content means a lower odour produced, which is ideal for operator safety.

5. Low carcinogens and ecotoxins Products that have reduced carcinogens and

ecotoxins risk should be considered. This minimises mineworkers’ exposure to health hazards.

6. Low carbon emission To reduce Scope 3 Carbon emissions, the option of biodegradable diluents, which are becoming increasingly available on the market, can be considered. Typically, these are made from feedstock such as cooking oil, sunflower, or rapeseed oil.

Additionally, some manufacturers are producing diluents that they claim are “lowcarbon” emissions.

Benefits of Informed Selection Eventually, informed diluent selection ensures enormous benefits through significant cost savings, reduced health risks, improved operator safety, and environmental compliance, especially in an environment in which Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) are critical to employment safety.

Furthermore, claims some manufacturers make about the efficacy of their diluents should be thoroughly verified by seeking second, third opinions and fourth opinions. This is because the diluents are used for critical processes, so, there should be no margin for error. This is because more often than not, lapses can result in a reduction in yields, translating into huge financial losses on the balance sheet. This is not a situation mining companies would be keen to face as they aim to make the most of high commodity prices.

Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023 25

Doing Business with Masimo Chemicals (PT Y) LT D.

Expertise Masimo Chemicals South Africa (Pty) Ltd is a South African-based company involved with the supply of diluents and solvents to the mining sector in the Sub- Saharan Africa region.

Through servicing the market with diluents for many years, Masimo has extensive experience and knowledge of the mining sector and its supply chain. This has positioned the company as the preferred route to the market for various leading global manufacturers, such as Shell, with access to local and global supply of mining solvents.

Product & Quality Masimo diluent portfolio Includes the following diluents for solvent extraction of Copper, Cobalt, Uranium, Zinc and Nickel.

MasimoSol 2325 Is a rebrand of Shell’s mining solvent called ShellSol 2325. MasimoSol G80 has been developed as a fourth generation product especially developed for solvent extraction.

Masimo offers high performing diluents that have been especially designed for the Solvent Extraction (SX) processes of Copper, Cobalt, Uranium, Zinc and Nickel. Masimo diluents are produced to consistent specifications and meets the international specification for SX, and REACH approved.

Technical Support Masimo has access to its principals’ R & D facilities as well as technical expertise to deal with issues from its mining customers, for instance, analytical testing and problemsolving.

Furthermore, Masimo employees have extensive experience in SX and are always the first line of contact. They assist with technical support, product information and training for its customers.

Security Of Supply Masimo has access to local and global manufacturers of mining solvents. This global supply chain ensures that Masimo is always able to offer multiple grades, guaranteeing continuity of supply.

Additionally Masimo has recently obtained additional bulk storage facilities where buffer stock is always held to cater for initial fills or extra ordinary demands.

Good chemical resistance and polymer Compatibility Parameter Appearance Density @20 deg Distillation range Flash point (min) Aromatics

Technical Benefits Of Masimo’s Diluents Masimo’s diluents are narrow cuts of paraffins and non-aromatics. The properties of these solvents are ideally suited for SX as they have the following characteristics: • Narrow boiling range • High flashpoint and high auto-ignition temperature • Excellent extraction kinetics, selectivity, and Copper loading • Optimal aromatic content for excellent process efficiency • Low phase disengagement times • Excellent solubility for solvent extraction additives • Low evaporation rates • Minimal entrainment losses • Low viscosity, low pour and freeze points • Good chemical resistance and polymer compatibility • Appearance density @20 deg distillation range flash point (min) aromatics The MasimoSol G80 diluent has been approved by both key extractant suppliers Low viscosity at high flash point • Safer,better performance, low vapour pressure • Less emissions, less evaporation losses, high Cu loads, good Cu/Fe selectivity, good stripping performance • Short-phase disengagement times

Performance & Cost Saving Benefits The MasimoSol G80 diluent has been approved by both key extractant suppliers • Low viscosity at high flash point - safer, better performance • Low vapour pressure - less emissions, less evaporation losses • High Cu loads, good Cu/Fe selectivity, good stripping performance • Short phase disengagement times • Improved pdts • More volume as a result of lower density, thereby leading to lower production costs

Environmental Benefits Better biodegradability • Lower ecotoxicity • Lower photochemical reactivity - less 03 formed, less impact on environment and human health.

• Very low Ozone creation potentials with MIR values lower than 1 g Ozone/g • Lower evaporation rate - less emissions, lower evaporation losses

Health & Safety Benefits • •

Low odour - Low odour due to low aromatic and naphthenic content Non-VOC - The product is non-VOC, more healthy to work with less harmful to the environment

Quality Benefits • • •

High-purity paraffin with very low impurities e.g., sulphur, olefins and polycyclic aromatics Synthetic- Gas-to-liquid technology delivers a more stable, synthetic product with a consistent composition.

No aromatics, olefins, unsaturates - good oxidative stability, low odour, non-toxic

Units

Masimosol G80

kg/I

0.764

Distallation Range

Deg C

200 - 260

Flash Point (min)

Deg C

80

Aromatics

%Vol

0,1

Vapour Pressure @20Deg C

kPa

<0.01

Viscosity @25 Deg C

Cst

2,4

Parameter Appearance Density @20 Deg

Clear & Bright

MASIMOSOL G80 TESTED BY TWO MAJOR EXTRACTANT COMPANIES

The MasimoSol G80 was tested by two major extractant companies operating in the Sub-Saharan Africa Region.

Below are the test results for the tests:

Extractant 1 @ 10% v/v

Phase Disengagement Tests The MasimoSol G80 diluent passed both the extract and strip phase disengagement requirements.

Results are recorded in the Table below.

Extract Kinetics

Table 1 - Quality Control Test results for each diluent solution The results presented in Table 1 fall within the acceptable ranges for kinetics, Cu net transfer, phase disengagement times, and Cu/Fe selectivity.

10 % Extractant 1

Extract Phase Disengagement Time (org. continuous 300 Sec. mix time) 52 Sec. Traditional MasimoSol Results

52 SEC 41SEC PASS

Traditional

MasimoSol G80

Max load

≥ 5.1

5.2

Strip Kinetics

Extraction isotherm point

≥4.4

4.7

Strip isotherm point

≤1.8

1.5

Strip Phase Disengagement Time (org. continuous 300 Sec. mix time)

Net transfer

≥2.7

3.2

Extraction kinetics (30 sec)

≥95

96.1

Strip kinetics (30 sec)

≥95

99.6

Cu/Fe Selectivity

≥2000

2776

Org. Cont. PDT

≤70

28

Aq. Cont. PDT

≤80

43

/ Feed IFT

-

20.5

Elec. IFT

-

19

cStks

Viscosity

-

2.39

g/ml

Density

-

0.762

Cu (g/L)

%

Seconds

Dyne cm

Traditional MasimoSol Results

50 SEC 48SEC PASS

Table Phase Disengagement Time (s) Selectivity over Iron The iron concentration in g/L was measured in the PLS (Lean Electrolyte) and in the 300 S equilibrium aqueous sample to evaluate the iron loading into the organic relative to the copper loaded (stripped).

The MasimoSol G80 diluent passed for selectivity over Iron. Results are recorded in the Table below.

Table : Selectivity

Extractant 2 at 30%v/v

Extract Kinetics

Extract & Strip Kinetics Tests

(FePLS- Fe300SAqueous) ppm

When compared with standard diluents, MasimoSol G80 performed as well as or better than the traditional diluents illustrated in the following test results.

Traditional MasimoSol Results

Results are recorded in the Table below. The MasimoSol G80 diluent passed specifications in both extract and strip kinetics tests.

Table 2: Kinetics Tests, Approach to Equilibrium(%) Traditional

Masimosol

Synthetic PLS Cu (g/L)

6.04

6.04

Aqu. Cu (30 Sec.)

0.24

0.41

Aqu. Cu (300 Sec.)

0.16

0.18

Approach to Equilibrium(%)

98.6

96.1

Results

Pass

Strip Kinetics 27.74

27.74

Aqu Cu (30 Sec.)

30.23

29.92

Aqu Cu (300 Sec.)

30.55

30.23

Approach to Equilibrium(%)

88.6

87.6

Strip Kinetics (FePLS- Fe300SAqueous) ppm

Extract Kinetics

SE Cu (g/L)

< 0.5 < 0.5 PASS

Pass

Traditional MasimoSol Results

< 0.5 < 0.5 PASS

Contacts for further details:

Suite 302, Ridge 6 20 Ncondo Place, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa Tel: +27 31 072 0500 Email: enquiries@masimochem.com Website: www.masimochem.com

Determing Diesel Quality

Diesel Quality and its importance SANS 342:2016, the South African National Standard, serves as the governing document for diesel quality in South Africa, outlining properties, testing procedures, recommended methods, and quality limits. Accreditation by SANAS 17025 and SABS ISO 9001 ensures reliable results from laboratories.

By John Evans

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hen determining diesel quality, it is important to use a laboratory that employs the correct test methods as dictated by the standard. It is also important to use a laboratory that is accredited by SANAS 17025 (South African National Accreditation System) and SABS ISO 9001. This ensures that the tests are carried out correctly, quality standards are met, and the results are reliable.

The quality of diesel in South Africa is often debated, with issues arising from poor transportation, handling, storage, and corruption, leading to engine problems caused by contaminated diesel. This article focuses on WearCheck’s Specialty Laboratory tests, instrumentation, and consequences of failing standards, including specified limits.

This Technical Bulletin looks at the tests to determine diesel quality that are carried out in WearCheck’s Specialty Laboratory, the instrumentation used and what the consequences of failing to meet the standard might be, along with the actual limits that are applied.

FLASHPOINT: Diesel flashpoint, the minimum temperature for ignition, doesn’t directly impact engine combustion but affects safe storage and handling. A low flashpoint can signal petrol adulteration or contamination by other substances, while high viscosity fuels may result in poor combustion. The SANS requirement is a minimum flashpoint of 55ºC. VISCOSITY: Measured at 40ºC, viscosity indicates a fluid’s resistance to flow. Deviations from the SANS requirement of 2.0 - 5.3 centistokes may lead to wear, leakage, and combustion issues.

DENSITY: Density, the mass of a liter of fuel, influences energy content. Diesel must have a minimum density of 0.800kg/l at 20ºC. Deviations can affect engine power and fuel consumption.

SULPHUR: Sulphur content is vital; lowsulphur diesel is specified at 0.005%, while normal diesel is at 0.05%. High-sulphur fuels

John Evans, WearCheck’s Diagnostic Manager, has extensive knowledge and experience when it comes to assessing diesel quality.

28 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

can harm engines, affect lubricant life, and FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL TESTING: Testing for microbial contamination helps identify hinder emission control systems. Legislation for ultra-low sulphur fuel at 10 ppm (CF2) is planned potential issues and allows corrective actions.

BIODIESEL: Biodiesel, derived from for July 2026. renewable sources, has a maximum allowable DISTILLATION: Distillation measures content of 5% (B5) in diesel. the temperature range for fuel vaporization.

TOTAL ACID NUMBER (TAN) and Distillation at 90% recovery (T90) must not PARTICLE COUNTING (ISO 4406): TAN, exceed 362ºC. Contaminations can be identified indicating fuel acidity, and ISO 4406 for particle through characteristic distillation curves. counting are additional tests for fuel cleanliness.

WATER: Water, both dissolved and free, can OTHER TESTS: Tests like copper corrosion, corrode components and reduce lubrication. calorific values, cold filter plugging point, Maximum allowable water content is 350 ppm, cloud point, lubricity, carbon residue, ash, assessed through Karl Fischer titration and and oxidation stability can be outsourced if visual inspection. necessary.

TOTAL CONTAMINATION: Total ILLUMINATING PARAFFIN: Contamination contamination, measured through IP440, with illuminating paraffin (IP) poses a threat, evaluates solid particulate matter. The maximum impacting viscosity, density, flashpoint, and allowed is 24 mg of dirt per kg of fuel.

CETANE NUMBER (INDEX): Cetane number sulphur concentration. IP doping is illegal and harms engines. SARS introduced a chemical indicates diesel ignition quality. The SANS marker for IP detection, and testing methods, requirement is a minimum of 45. Low cetane including lateral-flow tests and GC-MS analysis, fuels cause issues like knock, difficult starting, help identify IP presence. and increased emissions.

In conclusion, maintaining diesel quality VISUAL ASSESSMENT: Visual assessment is crucial for optimal engine performance and checks for free water, particulate matter, and diesel clarity. Deviations from standards can lead longevity, emphasising the importance of regular testing and adherence to standards. to failure. WCK Container 185x135 copy.pdf 1 2023/05/23 15:07:19

Top-class condi�on monitoring, no ma�er how remote

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For further information, visit www.wearcheck.co.za, email marketing@wearcheck.co.za or call WearCheck’s head office on +27 (31) 700-5460.

This article is a summary of WearCheck’s Technical Bulletin 87: AN OVERVIEW OF 342 – DIESEL QUALITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE. To view the full article, please visit https://www. wearcheck.co.za/shared/TB87. pdf

WearCheck, Africa's leading condi�on monitoring company, is commi�ed to serving the mining industry with its range of sophis�cated analy�cal techniques.

No ma�er how remote your opera�on, we can setup a world class laboratory with state-of-the-art equipment, in any building or even in one of our customised portable containers.

Placing a lab on your doorstep!

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Mozambique Branches Maputo Esquina com EN4 & Rua da Mozal Nr: 11/15, Bairro Mussumbuluco, Matola +258 85 792 7933 Tete EnSerMo Yard, Estrada Na�onal No 7, Bairro Chitatha, Moa�ze, Tete +258 84 697 7006 South Africa (Head Office) + 27 31 700 5460 marke�ng@wearcheck.co.za

www.wearcheck.co.za

Tes�ng and Analysis | Lubricant-Enabled Reliability | Asset Reliability Care

Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023 29

MALI LIMESTONE

Sandvik Fastplant™ for Mali-based Limestone Producer

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The 200 tph FastPlant™ from Sandvik Rock Processing at a leading limestone producer in Mali’s Koulikoro region.

Hubert Kwesi Essel, sales engineer – Sandvik Rock Processing Solutions on site.

Sandvik Rock Processing believes there is massive scope for growth for the FastPlant™ concept in Africa.

leading limestone producer based in Kati, Mali, has taken delivery of a FastPlant™ from Sandvik Rock Processing Solutions.

Central to the buying decision was the short lead time of the Sandvik FastPlant™, which allowed the operation to expand production sooner, especially given the fast-tracked nature of this project.

Hubert Kwesi Essel, Sales Engineer at Sandvik Rock Processing Solutions based in West Africa, explains that the customer has been running an existing Sandvik fixed plant for years, but increased demand required a different solution. Given the urgency with which the company wanted to expand its capacity, the Sandvik FastPlant™ concept was the ultimate solution to add capacity within a short period of time.

“The customer opted for a 200 tonnes per hour (tph) two-stage FastPlant, which is a range of pre-defined crushing and screening modules made for the most common quarrying and mining applications. Delivery of a Sandvik FastPlant generally takes about 10 to 12 weeks, as opposed to double or thrice the timeline for a custom-built plant,” explains Essel. “This particular plant, however, took about 20 weeks due to shipping and logistical delays from Europe to Mali.”

The plant comprises a full suite of Sandvik equipment including a grizzly feeder, a jaw crusher, a horizontal shaft impactor (HIS) and a four-deck screen. With a 100 mm closed side setting (CSS), the Sandvik ST1263H vibrating grizzly feeder, which takes a top size of up to 700 mm, ensures efficient scalping and fines removal, significantly improving the throughput of the primary jaw crusher, the Sandvik CJ411.

“With a close side setting (CSS) of 100 mm, the Sandvik CJ411 was chosen for its high capacity. The crusher’s deep symmetrical

crushing chamber and optimised nip angle maximises size reduction and production capacity,” says Essel.

From the jaw, material goes into a surge bin, which in turn feeds the Sandvik CI722 horizontal shaft impactor (HIS) secondary crusher with a 25 mm CSS, the first ever Sandvik HSI in West Africa. The CI722 is the perfect secondary crusher for non-abrasive material such as limestone. The working principle of the Sandvik CI722 HSI encourages material to break along its natural cleavage planes, and it produces stress-free cubical-shaped products.

From the HSI, material is directed into a four-deck Sandvik SA2164 screen, with a 25 mm top deck and a 19 mm bottom deck. The other two decks are 13 mm and 5 mm respectively.

The screen produces four different product sizes from 0 to 5 mm up to 19 to 25 mm.

Apart from the fast delivery time, the flexible nature of the Sandvik FastPlant™ was a major appeal for the customer, says Praveen Kumar VG, Sales Support – Global Plant Solutions at Sandvik Rock Processing Solutions.

“If production requirements change in future, it is simple for the customer to just add a couple of modules to increase production or take out a few modules to reduce capacity in line with market requirements,” says Kumar VG. “In addition, the FastPlant’s minimal footprint bodes well for the space-constrained site, while the minimal civil works translated into a major cost benefit for the client.”

Safety, adds Essel, was also a major factor in the client’s decision. “The client was strict about access and the FastPlant™ addressed the concerns through spacious walkways, as well as ample space in the chute aeras for ease of maintenance,” concludes Essel.

The plant comprises a full suite of Sandvik equipment including a grizzly feeder, a jaw crusher, a horizontal shaft impactor (HIS) and a four deck screen.

30 Mining Business Africa | November - December 2023

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