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䏶 㢇 ⅰ 杫 㹷 㛨 㢒 䠓 䏶 檙虇㕟 㗸 ⪹ ⏜ 㢇 ☛ 㕟 ⪩ 㢇 㢃 杫 ⎖ ⎿ 㛨 㢒 䠓 㛨 ⏅ҷ榧 娥 䠓 幹 亯 ☛ 㛨 㢒 亏 ㄚ 䳘 ⛞ 槛虇⋶ 婰 ‵ 宧 悘 ⌅ ⁥ 㜿 亓 㢇 ┆ ㏏ 㢹 㢍 㕟 ╙ 䠓 Ⅼ 儔 䠓 ‚ 忮 Ҹ ⷀ 嬎 㝈 ⴇ 姢 䛛 军 宏虇⢷ ⓐ ᾘ ┆ Ⅼ 儔 㢇 ⅰ ᾼ虇㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ╾ ⁴ 尹 㞾 㢏 娺 ㆌ 䛴 䠓虇᾵ ᾣ 㢘 ᾜ ⶠ ⢷ ⴇ 姢 ᾙ ∨ ╦ 䎼 峿 䠓 ⛞ 槛Ҹ欥 ⋗虇ⓐ Ῥ ᾥ 亏 ㅆ ⢚ 䫭 ⴇ ⵅ ⩺ ℕ 欻 建虃 6FKOHLHUPDFKHU虄尜 䉉虇㕟 㗸 ⪹ ⏜ 㢇 ᾵ 棭 ⎉ 卹 Ⅼ 儔 ㏚ 䳕虇 卹 㳳 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 䠓 ⃫ 冔 ⛞ 槛 䎼 愾 ᾜ ₠Ҹᾜ ⶠ 嬎 㝈 ⴇ 冔 䢇 ⅰ 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ⵵ 㞾 Ⅼ 儔 䠓 朏 䚮 宦 ⁥ 䠓 ▜ 儸 䠋 姷 䠓虇᾵ ᾣ ╾ 劌 戁 厂 ‛ ᾥ 亏 ᾼ 嗘 ㏜ ㎟ 㢇Ҹ憨 䢚 㹤 ᾏ 〵 ㎟ 䉉 嬎 㝈 凥 伢 䦣 䰅 䠓 Ὴ 㻐 ⌀ 峧Ҹ憨 䢚 㹤 䠓 ╵ ᾏ 㚾 㒐虇㞾 ‛ ᾥ 亏 ⎬ 嗦 ▜ 䠓 岍 㜾 〤 Ὴ 儸 㛨 ⾺ 欻 ▘ ⴘ 虃 0DUFLRQ虄 虇 ⢷ 儔 欻 ≂ 㛨 ╙ ら 䱚 㛨 㢒 㟑 虇 ᾵ 㸡 㢘 ⶖ 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ⒔ 儔 ⢷ ⁥ ㏏ 㛅 桕 䠓 Ⅼ 儔 㢇 ⅰ 亊 ⎦ Ὶ ⋶Ҹ戓 㢘 ᾏ ↚ 䢇 杫 䠓 ⛞ 槛虇ⷀ 㞾 㢘 ⴇ 冔 尜 䉉 㢻 㢇 ╜ 㞯 ⎉ ‛ ᾥ 亏 㛨 㢒 䠓 ㉔ 㹐虇㒖 ⎉ 㢇 ᾼ 䠓 ↺ 䖕 ⷻӁ 幖 䚱 栝 亩 䠓 ↺ 䖕 ӂ虇テ 屎 厖 䜅 ⁲ 䫍 㢒 ☛ 屶 ⌀ ⳧虖ᾏ ᾥ 亏 戲 䮽 㢺 ᾥ 䠓 ㉔ ㎆虇䐈 ⎴ 㞾 ⶜ ⦉ 䣲 ㄸ 卷 䠓 慺 ⎖ 㢮 ㄔ ⾁ ⋷ 棱 㾪 憏虇捜 灭 䛀 㝸 㢮 Ⅼ 儔 㢇 ⅰテ屎⬑⃤⢷⦉䣲婰䚮㻊虇崙㎟⬑⃤⢷憨ᾥ䛛ᾼ䚮㻊Ҹ 䋅军㟩慠㢘ᾜ

▛ 㮲 虇 ᾜ ⶠ ⴇ 冔 ‵ 尜 䉉 㳛 儔 嬎 㢇 ☛ ⁴ ウ ㏏ 㢇 抌 ᾜ 㞾 Ⅼ 儔 ㏏ ⵺ 虇 军 㞾 宦 ▜ 嗦 ⃫Ҹ⃕嬚欽嚼⣳處ҿ㳛儔嬎㢇ʬ勢⎸朏㢇 寊捚Ӏ虇凥伢寊捚╱㢇虃欨㾾處 㞝 懢 䫍 虇 虄 虇 ± ╙ ▛ ᾙ ⃫ 冔 處 ҿ ⁴ ウ ㏏ 㢇 寊 捚 Ӏ 虇 凥 伢 寊 捚 ╱ 㢇 虃 欨 㾾 處 㞝 懢 䫍 虇 虄 虇 榐 ± 㢘 ␪ 䠓 ╜ 歐 Ҹ 䋅 军 ㎠ ↠ ‵ ᾜ ㍘ ㆌ 嬥 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ Ὶ 朢 ΅ 㢘 槾 嗦 ᾜ ▛ 䠓 ⢿ 㝈虇㕟 㗸 ⪹ ㄛ 㢇 ⷀ 㞝 槾 㢘 ⎴ 㝋 㕟 㗸 ⪹ ⏜ 㢇 ☛ 㕟 ⪩ 㢇 虇 嬚 0 3ULRU Paul the Letter-Writer and the Second Letter to Timothy -6176XS 6KHIILHOG -627 3UHVV

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ⶠⴇ冔䉉㛨䏶㢇ⅰ䠓⃫冔⛞槛冊㧗虇 尜䉉⃫冔㬄㢘╾劌㞾Ⅼ儔㢻⁉Ҹ

⁴ ᾚ ㎠ ↠ ⶖ ⢷ 宝 履 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 䠓 汣 婐 ☛ 㜖 䳕 樷 㧋 㟑虇⌋ 履 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ⃫ 冔䠓怺⎕Ҹ

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勢 ⎸ 朏 㢇 㧈 㢻 ᾜ 㞾 ↚ ⁉ 㢇 ⅰ虇呴 㞾 ⬑ 㳳虇㎠ ↠ ⅎ 䊰 ㄭ 厖 ㏏ 岑 ⌇ ⤚ 䠓 Ⅼ 儔 ↚ ⁉ 㢇 ⅰ 㵣 悒 ―Ҹ㳳 ⪥虇‵ 㢘 ⴇ 冔 ⦉ 㝋 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ⢷ ┆ 㢺 㕟 ╙ ⌅ ⁥ ↚ ⁉ 䠓 ▜⳦虇ⷀ尜⴩ⴒ↠ᾜ㞾↚⁉㢇ⅰ虇 䋅军虇↚⁉㢇ⅰ᾵棭ᾜ╾㕟╙⌅⁥

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☛ 客 尰虇╽ ⡠ 㕟 ⪩ ⬑ ⃤ 䏶 檙 ⋚ 捛 䐈 㛨 㢒 ╙ 䜅 ᾼ 䠓 ⅰ ㄡ虇᾵ 埤 䖕 ⬌ ᾏ ‪ ⌆ 汣 䠓 ⽴ ⃫ Ҹ

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懣 䢇 ▛ 䠓 孏 ㆄ 㟑虇㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ℎ 䚷 ― ᾜ ▛ 䠓 ⳦ 䣋虇ℚ ⬑ ⦉ 䣲 䠓 卷 ⢷虇⢷ 刾 ⴩ 䉉 Ⅼ 儔 ㏏ ⵺ 䠓 㢇 ⅰ ᾼ 䚷Ӂ 卷 ⢷ ӂ虃 parousi,a虄虇⢷ 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ᾼ ⏖ ℎ 䚷 ➭

ᯀ 虃 evpifanei,a虇嬚 㕟 ⏜ ⋼ 虖⪩ ‛ 虖㕟 ㄛ ᾏ 虇⡪ ҷ 虄Ҹⴇ 冔 㙩 㳳 军 㔷 㝆 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ᾵ 棭 ⎉ 卹 Ⅼ 儔 ㏚ 䳕 Ҹ 唙 懫虃 / 7 -RKQVRQ虄㒖 ⎉ 憨 䮽 ⁴ ⳦ 寭 伀 宗 ㏏ ㄦ ⎉ 䠓 仟 履虇㞾 ᾜ ╾ 棯 䠓Ҹ欥 ⋗虇ⶖ ᾘ ┆ 㢇 䢚 䉉 ᾏ 仓虇㒎 ℕ 厖 Ⅼ 儔 ⌅ ⁥ 䠓 㢇 ⅰ 㵣 悒虇㢒 ⎉ 䖍 㞝 槾 䠓 ⇞ ⽽Ҹℚ ⬑ 㕟 㗸 ⪹ ㄛ 㢇 悒 Ὶ ⌅ ⁥ ⋸ ┆ 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ虇㢃 慠 ⃋ ⌅ ⁥ Ⅼ 儔 㢇 ⅰ虖⃕ 呴 ⶖ 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 厖 ⾥ 㘡 儔 ⷋ 慵 ⏜ 㢇 ㎥ 勢 䱚 㵣 㢇 䢇 㵣虇⏖ ⽽ 䛿 ╗ 㢒 ⪶ ⪶ 侽 ⶠҸ ╵ ᾏ 㝈 棱虇ᾜ ▛ 䠓 嗦 ⃫虇䰅 䱮 梏 嬐 ⪩ ⶠ ⳦ 寭 䠓 㮲 㢻虇㏜ ╾

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-RKQVRQ First and Second Letters to Timothy Ҹ ( 5 5LFKDUGV Paul a n d F i r s t- C e n t u r y L e t t e r W r i t i n g ' R Z Q H U V * U R Y H , 9 3 ⁴ 嬎 ⧭ 儔 虃 &LFHUR虄 䉉 ℚ 虇 ⁥ 䠓 ⃫ ♐ ◗ 䖍 ⋸ 䮽 ᾜ ▛ 䠓 樷 㧋 虇 䋅 军 ┊ 洽 㢘 ⁉ 尜 䉉 ⁥ 䠓 ⃫ ♐ 㞾 ⎉ 卹 ᾜ ▛ ⁉ 䠓 ㏚ 䳕 Ҹ 3 7 0DVVH\ ³&LFHUR 7KH 3DVWRUDO (SLVWOHV DQG WKH ,VVXH RI 3VHXGRQ\PLW\ ´ ResQ ± ΅ ㄦ ⎉ 䢇▛䠓仟履Ҹㄭ╵ᾏ孡〵㰱嬥㛨䏶㢇ⅰ厖⌅⁥Ⅼ儔㢇ⅰ⢷㜖䳕樷㧋ᾙ䠓⽽ 䛿 處 $ ' %DXP ³6HPDQWLF 9DULDWLRQ ZLWKLQ WKH Corpus Paulinum /LQJXLVWLF &RQVLGHUDWLRQV &RQFHUQLQJ WKH 5LFKHU 9RFDEXODU\ RI WKH 3DVWRUDO (SLVWOHV ´ TynBul ± 尜 䉉 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 㞾 伢 懝 ⅽ 檍 䠓 ⵺⃫虇军Ⅼ儔⌅⁥䠓㢇ⅰ⏖悒䉉╲尭⒥Ҹ 6 ( 3RUWHU ³3DXOLQH &KURQRORJ\ DQG WKH 4XHVWLRQ RI 3VHXGRQ\PLW\ RI WKH 3DVWRUDO (SLVWOHV ´ LQ Paul and Pseudepigraphy ± ⎕ 㤟 ― 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ⵺ ⃫ 㝴 㢮 ᾘ 䮽 ᾜ ▛ 䠓 䢚 㹤處虃 虄㎟ 㢇 㝋 Ⅼ 儔 Ὶ ㄛ 處 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 䉉 宦 ▜ 嗦 ⃫ 虖 虃 虄㎟ 㢇 㝋 ℎ ㄡ 姛 ≂ 䲻 ‛ ⓐ ⋺ 䱯 Ὶ ㄛ虇│ Ⅼ 儔 䲻 ᾏ ☛ 䲻 ‛ 㲰 俺 䓓 Ὶ 朢虃 - % /LJKWIRRW ) ' )HH - 0 2¶&RQQRU虄虖虃 虄㎟ 㢇 㝋 ℎ ㄡ 姛 ≂ ㏏ 悘 㟑 〞 Ὶ ᾼ 虃 %R 5HLFNH - $ 7 5REHUWVRQ / 7 -RKQVRQ虄 Ҹ 㧈 㙩 Ⅼ 儔 ⌅ ⁥ 䠓 㢇 ⅰ 虇 Ⅼ 儔 㢍 ⪩ 㲰 ⢷ 憨 ᾏ ⿅ 㻊 ⑤虃 㤦 ⏜ ⓐ ⋼ 虖 㤦 ㄛ ᾏ 虇

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⶝履

唙 懫 尜 䉉 㕟 㗸 ⪹ ⏜ 㢇 ☛ 㕟 ⪩ 㢇 ⵺ 㝋 ▛ ᾏ 㟑 朢虇ⷀ 㞾 Ⅼ 儔 仟 㣮 ⁥ ⢷ ⁴ ウ ㏏ 㢜 ℜ Ὶ 㟑虃 ㄡ ‛ ⓐ 蚙 虄 Ҹ ⁥ 尜 䉉 Ⅼ 儔 ╹ ᾏ 㲰 ⢷ 儔 欻 俺 䓓虇ㄛ 娺 埤 㴊Ҹ

㎠ ↠ ╾ ⁴ 䩉 ⴩ 䠓 㞾虇ℎ ㄡ 姛 ≂ 㸡 㢘 宧 悘 Ⅼ 儔 㢍 ⎿ ⋚ 捛 䐈 ⴲ 㛨虇⁥ ╹ ⢷ ㄏ 儔 欻 憣 ᾼ 䥼 㠺 ⇫ 䛨 㝋 ⋚ 捛 䐈 䠓 棭 ⷋ ⦉ 㾾虃 ㄡ ‛ ⓐ ᾒ 虄Ҹ㧈 㙩 㕟 ⪩ 㢇虇Ⅼ儔尹⁥ⶖ㕟⪩䛨⢷⋚捛䐈虃ᾏ 虄 虇᾵㢹㕟卹⾀㢍▵⎿懝封⺅虇 㢇

ᾼ ΅ 㢹 㢘 憞 棁 Ⅼ 儔 ⵺ ⅰ 㟑 怺 埤 ⃤ 㝈虇⃕ ⁥ 㢘 宗 ␒ ⎿ ⷋ ♴ 㹱 䱚 ╊虃 ᾘ 虄 Ҹ ᾜ ⶠ ⴇ 冔 ▛ ㊞ Ⅼ 儔 㢍 ᾏ 〵 䔁 捚虇᾵ 㢍 ⎿ 嬎 䕼 䏨 ≂ 㛨虇憨 㞾 㧈 㙩 儔 欻 Ὴ 㛨 棸 ⎸ ⋜ ㏏ 悘 虇 Ⅼ 儔 ⶖ 䬞 概 ≂ ⎿ 嬎 㝈 Ὶ 㬄 虇 │ 䢃 ⾒ 儔 柏 㼆 ⺌ 虃ҿ 棸 ⎸ ⋜ ᾏ 㢇 Ӏ 虖╒ ⊹ 嬎 㵣 䉞ҿ 㛨 㢒 ▁ Ӏ í 虄虖ㄛ ℕ ㏜ ⌜ 〵 㝋 儔 欻 娺 婫 虇 ⢷ ⷋ 撓 Ὶ ᾚ 娺 埤 㴊 Ҹ 䲻 ᾏ 㲰 ᾚ 䓓 㞾 ⋻ ⋒ 厂 〃 虇 䲻 ‛ 㲰 ╾ 劌 㞾 ⋻ ⋒ 厂 〃 虇 ⢷ 憨 ↚ 㟑 朢 䠓 㧕 㥅 ᾚ 虇 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ㄗ ╾ 劌 ⷀ ⢷ ⌅ 朢 ‛ 厂 ᾘ 〃ҷⅬ 儔 䲻 ᾏ 㲰 ☛ 䲻 ‛ 㲰 ⋴ 䓓 Ὶ 朢 ㏏ ⵺ 䠓Ҹ 㕟 㗸 ⪹ ㄛ 㢇 刾 ⴩ 㞾

㢏ㄛ⵺㎟虇⃕㕟㗸⪹⏜㢇厖㕟⪩㢇⳿⋗⳿ㄛ虇⏖㢹劌䩉⴩Ҹ 尜 䉉 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 㞾 捬 ⶜ ‛ ᾥ 亏 岍 㜾 〤 Ὴ 儸 䠓 ⴇ 冔虇⪩ 尜 䉉 㢻 㢇 㞾 䛀 䲻 ‛ 厂 䲻 ᾘ ⁲ ⅰ ㄡ ⵺ ㎟虇│ ᾏ ᾥ 亏 㢺 厂 ‛ ᾥ 亏 㢮 朢Ҹ ⬑ ᾙ ㏏ 慿虇尜 䉉 㢻

㢇 㞾 Ⅼ 儔 㴊 ㄛ 䠓 宦 ▜ 嗦 ⃫虇㞾 ⡯ 䉉 桲 㝋 ⶖ 㳳 㢇 僽 㝋 ℎ ㄡ 姛 ≂ ㏏ 悘 㢘 杫 Ⅼ 儔 䚮 。 㟑 〞 䠓 㧕 㥅 Ὶ ⋶虇䋅 军 岆 ⏉ 䠓 㞾虇憨 ‪ ⴇ 冔 ⪩ ⓙ ᾜ 䢇 ⅰ ℎ ㄡ 姛 ≂ 㳲 䩉 ⢿ 宧 悘 ― 㝸 㢮 㛨 㢒 䠓 䠋 ⷤ 蘼

& 捬⶜⃫冔⛞槛䠓ᾜ▛䔊峿 捬 ⶜ 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 㞾 ▵ Ⅼ 儔 嗦 ⃫ 䠓 ⛞ 槛虇㴆 ℕ 㢘 ᾜ ▛ 䠓 埤 䖕 㝈 ゞ虇⁴ ᾚ

‛ 虇 ᾒ 虖 勢 ⡪ 虄 Ҹ

-RKQVRQ First and Second Letters to Timothy ± * ' )HH 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus 1,%& 3HDERG\ +HQGULFNVRQ

± ⏖ 尜 䉉虇Ⅼ 儔 ⢷ 桱 朚 儔 欻 ㄛ虇㢍 ᾏ 〵 厖 㕟 ⪩虃 䚩 军 㕟 㗸 ⪹ 虄⎿ ⋚ 捛 䐈 ╊ 虇 ᾵ら䱚㛨㢒虇ㄛℕ㕟⪩䛨ᾚℕ虇Ⅼ儔☛㕟㗸⪹⏖桱朚⋚捛䐈虇伢⁴ウ㏏ㄏ欻 ⌅榢╊Ҹ 嬚 ⬑ 0RXQFH Pastoral Epistles OL[±O[LL虖 )HH 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus ± Ҹ 㒐 憨 孏 灭 䠓 㢘 9HUQHU 'RQHOVRQ <RXQJ 䳘 Ҹ 㳲 ⬑ 3RUWHU ³3DXOLQH &KURQRORJ\ ´ ㏏ 㒖 ⎉ Ҹ

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㞾 ⡪ ↚ Ὴ 嬐 䠓 䔊 峿 處

& 㛨䏶㢇ⅰ㞾宦▜嗦⃫ ᾜ ⶠ ⴇ 冔 尜 䉉 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 䠓 ⃫ 冔 ᾵ 棭 Ⅼ 儔虇军 㞾 Ⅼ 儔 㴘 懢 Ὶ ㄛ虇ㄗ ╾ 劌 㞾 ⢷ ⋻ ⋒ ‛ ᾥ 亏 ᾼ 嗘虇䉉 ― ⶜ ㍘ 䜅 㟑 㛨 㢒 ⎉ 䖍 䠓 ᾏ ‪ ⛞ 槛 军 ↮ 䚷 Ⅼ 儔 Ὶ ▜ 㘿 ⵺ 䠓 ⅰ ₅Ҹ 憨 㮲 ╾ ⁴ 䩉 Ⅼ 䜅 㟑 䠓 㛨 㢒 㔴 亜 憨 ‪ ⅰ ₅虇᾵ ℬ ㄭ 䜅

ᾼ䠓▸☟军姛Ҹ 㢘ⴇ冔尜䉉㢻㢇╜㞯‛ᾥ亏䠓㛨⏅虇│䡲䣲ҷ朆冐☛⦆‚䠓ᾘ亩 ⏅虇 ⢷ ᾏ ᾥ 亏 䠓 㛨 㢒 ㍘ ⁜ 㢹 㢘 憨 䮽 ヱ ゞ 䠓 㛨 ⏅Ҹ䩉 ⵵ ⢷ ᾏ ᾥ 亏 ㎠ ↠ ╹

嬚 ㏏ 岑 ‛ 亩 ⏅ 虇 䡲 䣲 虊 朆 冐 ☛ ⦆ ‚ 虃 嬚 勢 ᾏ 虖 ㄡ ‛ ⓐ ҷ 虖 ㄋ ⏜ ‣ 蚙 虄ҸӁ 䡲 䣲 ӂ 憨 䯀 岑 ⢷ ⪥ 戵 㛨 㢒 ᾼ 悒 㟽 懜 虇 军 Ӂ 朆 冐 ӂ ⏖ 㹎 䚷 㝋 䓅 ⪹ ≂ 伀 䠓 㛨 㢒虇朆 冐 䠓 帻 ₊虇ⷀ 㞾 䡲 䣲 㛨 㢒Ҹ㕟 ⪩ 㢇 ⴛ ⋷ ╜ 㞯 憨 䮽 ㉔ 㹐 虇 Ⅼ 儔 ▸ ☟ 㕟 ⪩ 嬐 ⢷ ⋚ 捛 䐈 ▓ ⥝ 宼 䱚 朆 冐 虃 ᾏ 虄虇 军 ᾏ 䱯 䵏 ㏏ 宏 䡲 䣲 ㍘ 㢘 䠓 䐈 ㆶ 㟑虇᾵ 棭 尹 ╙ ╵ ᾏ 䕼 ⁉虇军 㞾 テ 屎 朆 冐 䠓 分 劌虇⁴ ╙ 朆 冐⃫䉉䡲䣲㏏㍘㢘䠓姷䖍Ҹ⡯㳳᾵ᾜ⳧⢷㏏岑ᾘ亩䠓㛨⏅Ҹ 㢘 ⴇ 冔 尜 䉉虇ℎ 䚷 宦 ▜ 䠓 㝈 ゞ ᾵ 棭 ᾏ 䮽 ⇖ ↮ ℎ ㄡ 㲙 㥓 䠓 察 殨 ㏚ 㵄 虇 军 㞾 ⴲ 䯀 ⴒ 䠓 ⋶ ⵈ ㅯ 㝋 ℎ ㄡ 䠓 ⅰ ⁿ虖军 ᾣ 䜅 ⁲ 䠓 ⅰ ㄡ ᾜ ≔ 䥴 懢 憨 ‪ 㞾 宦 ▜ 嗦 ⃫虇᾵ ᾣ 戓 㔴 ╦ 憨 䮽 㜖 ⴇ ㏚ 㹤Ҹ⃕ 呴 䜅 ⁲ ⅰ ㄡ 䢮 䠓 ᾜ ⶖ 憨 ‪ ⅰ ₅ 䢚 䉉 㞾 Ⅼ 儔 ⵺ 䠓虇戲 灋 憨 ‪ ⅰ ₅ ⅎ ⫀ ╊ ⁴ 宦 ▜ 㝈 ゞ 㘿 ⵺ ⴒ ↠ 䠓 䡽 䠓 蘼 憨

䢚 㹤 䠓 ╵ ᾏ ⡿ 桲 㞾虇⎬ 㢮 㛨 㢒 嬥 ℎ ㄡ 㢘 㬄 ⺖ 汧 䠓 ⢿ ⃜虇㏏ ⵺ 䠓 㢇 ⅰ 㢘 䓷 䐈 䠓 㲙 㥓虇⡯ 㳳 ⢷ 宝 履 㞾 ▵ ⶖ 㥟 嗦 ⃫ 亜 ⋴ 㳲 ⌇ 㟑虇㞾 ▵ ᾏ ᾥ 亏 ℎ ㄡ ㏏ ⵺ ⅎ ㎟ ― 捜 嬐 䠓 冒 ㋽ Ҹ 㢇 ┆ 䠓 ℎ ㄡ ㆶ 虃 DSRVWROLFLW\虄虇 㞾 㸉 ⴩ 憨 嗦 ⃫ 㞾 ▵

捬 ⶜ 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ ⃫ 冔 䢮 䩉 ㆶ 䠓 㴆 ▁ 䀟 弆 虇 嬚 - 9DQ 1HV ³2Q WKH 2ULJLQ RI WKH 3DVWRUDOV¶ $XWKHQWLFLW\ &ULWLFLVP $ µ1HZ¶ 3HUVSHFWLYH ´ NTS

± Ҹ ᾏ ↚ ⌇ ⤚ 㚾 㒐 憨 䢚 㹤 䠓 専 亿 履 慿 虇 嬚 / 5 'RQHOVRQ Pseudepigraphy and Ethical Argument in the Pastoral Epistles +87 7 ELQJHQ 0RKU 6LHEHFN ± Ҹ 憨 嬚 㝋 ⴘ 㕟 柎 Ὴ 㛨 ₙ 㧋 戲 ᾮ 䠓 嗦 ⃫ 虇 ⬑ҿ 厃 ⁴ ウ ㏏ ⁉ 㢇 Ӏ 烊ҿ 厃 欻 ⋶ ⪞ ⁉ 㢇 Ӏ 䳘 Ҹ 3RUWHU The Apostle Paul

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⶝履

㳲 ⌇ 䠓 杫 攄 ┮ ⏖Ҹ‚ ⵵ ᾙ虇䛀 ‛ ᾥ 亏 朚 ⭚虇㢘 ⪹ ⪩ 嗦 ⃫ 刁 䯀 㞾 ℎ ㄡ 䠓 ㏚ 䳕虇寵 ⢥ ⁴ 㳳 䩉 䱚 ⴒ ↠ 䠓 㲙 ⮐ ☛ ⢿ ⃜Ҹ䐈 ⢮ 叾 ⷀ 㢍 ⡯ 䉉ҿ Ⅼ 儔 姛 ≂ Ӏ 虃 The Acts of Paul虄 䠓 ⃫ 冔 ⁴ Ⅼ 儔 䠓 ▜ 儸 ⶖ 㳳 㢇 ≂ 懭 ⎉ ╊ 虇 军 娺 棸 柳 朆 冐 䠓 分 ⎕Ҹⴘ 㕟 柎 䠓 Ὴ 㛨 嬎 喙 㵣 㞑虃 6HUDSLRQ虇亓 ⋻ ⋒ 〃 虄⵺ ― ᾏ ₌ ▜ 䉉 ҿ 厂 㝋 戲 䯀 䉉 ㄋ ㄦ 䬞 概 䠓 Ӏ虇 捬 ⶜ 䜅 㟑 ⢷ 㛨 㢒 ᾼ 㻐 ≂ 䠓 ҿ ㄋ ㄦ 䬞 概 Ӏ 㟑虇ᾏ 㝈 棱 㒖 㜴 ⌅ ⋶ ⵈ ⿅ 㢘 棗 㠉 㻍 《 ㄀ 尹 䠓 䛿 䱾 ㆬ ㊂虇╵ ᾏ 㝈 棱 㒖 ⎉ ㄋ ㄦ᾵棭ҿㄋㄦ䬞概Ӏ䠓⃫冔虇㛨㢒䖕㍘㔡㜴ᾏ⎖⌡ℎㄡ▜⳦㏏⵺䠓㢇 虃 Pseudepigrapha虄Ҹ ⴇ 冔 名 㜖 虃 % ' (UKPDQ虄 ⷀ ⣵ 宏 虇 憨 ‪ 宦 ▜

嗦 ⃫ 抌 㞾 度 ♐ 虃 IRUJHULHV虄虇 ⒔ 㑻 䖍 ⢷ 㜿 亓 㳲 ⌇ ᾼ ㏏ 㛅 亜 䠓 虇 憨 ‪ 嗦

⃫ 㞾 ⳧ ㅒ 㳉 殨 崏 冔虇╺ ⁥ ↠ ⁴ 䉉 憨 ‪ 㞾 䢮 㳲 ⷻ 㝋 㥟 ℎ ㄡ 䠓 嗦 ⃫虇⁴ 厃 㔴 ╦ ⴒ ↠ 䠓 㲙 ⮐Ҹ䖍 ⢷ 桲 ⁴ 憒 戎 䠓 仟 履 ⷀ 㞾虇㎠ ↠ 㝱 䥴 懢 ⴒ ↠ 㞾 度 ♐虇ⅎ ㍘ ⶖ ⴒ ↠ 㔡 柳 ⎉ 㜿 亓 㳲 ⌇ 蘼 戲 ‪ ⦔ 㒐 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 㞾 宦 ▜ 嗦 ⃫ 䠓 ⁉虇ㅔ 榗 孲 捚 䉉 ⃤ ᾏ ⃜ ⃫ 冔 嬐 ⵺ ᾘ ┆ ᾜ ▛ 䠓 㢇 ┆ ╊ 懣 ⎿ ⁥ 䠓 䡽 䠓虇ⶳ ⌅ 㞾 㕟 㗸 ⪹ ⏜ 㢇 ☛ 㕟 ⪩ 㢇 㢘 ㄗ ⪩ 慠 ⃋ 䠓 ⢿ 㝈虇⁥ ⪶ ╾ ⶖ ᾘ ┆ ▗ ℄ ㎟ 䉉 ᾏ ┆Ҹ㢃 ᾜ ╾ 劌 ᾘ ┆ 㛨 䏶 㢇 ⅰ 㞾 ⎉ 卹 ᾘ ↚ ᾜ ▛ ⃫ 冔 䠓 ㏚ 䳕 Ҹ

⊹ 嬎 㵣 䉞 處 ҿ 㛨 㢒 ▁ Ӏ Ҹ

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