Celebrations of Scholarship 2017

CELEB R ATI ON S

of

SCHOLARSHIP A N D

P O S T E R

S Y M P O S I U M

2017

elebrations of scholarship 2017

CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP SHOWCASES THE OUTSTANDING WORK OF MILLIKIN STUDENTS, PROVING THAT AN EDUCATION FOCUSED ON ENGAGING STUDENTS IN THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF THEIR DISCIPLINES DEVELOPS ACCOMPLISHED SCHOLARS PREPARED FOR GRADUATE AND PROFESSIONAL STUDY OR CHALLENGING POSITIONS IN THE WORKPLACE.

During this celebratory event, students from across the University will present the results of their research, scholarship, and creative efforts to the Millikin community. Multiple concurrent sessions modeled on a scholarly conference format and organized independently by each department will run across the campus. In addition, the Annual Research Poster Symposium will highlight the scholarly work completed by students in regularly scheduled courses, seminars, independent studies, directed studies, internships, SURF, Leighty Scholar, LongVanderburg Scholar and James Millikin Scholar projects.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 05 PROVOST'S MESSAGE

24 ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTER

06 COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES

26 LONG-VANDERBURG SCHOLARS

12

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS

28 FRESHMAN FOCUS PANELS

16

COLLEGE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

32 STALEY LIBRARY

22 TABOR SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

34 POSTER SYMPOSIUM

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Performance Learning lives at Millikin University!

Celebrations of Scholarship is a time when the fruits of countless hours of student work, study, practice, attention, energy, and striving are made public to recognize, instruct, enrich, and of course, celebrate. Millikin University is an extraordinary, vibrant community of thinkers and doers and all of that is beautifully reflected in the range and depth of the student work given a public forum during the Celebrations of Scholarship.

DR. JEFFERY P. APER, PH.D, PROVOST

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

| COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES

Behavioral Sciences ----------------------------------------

College of Arts & Sciences See the Results of Our Students’ Research Celebrations of Scholarship is an amazing day that comes once a year on Millikin’s campus. On this day we get to see and hear about the performance learning of our students. In the College of Arts & Sciences we expect and are continuously surprised by the ways students discover, create, and use newly acquired knowledge. This is true of first year students in University Studies classes (as evident in today’s Freshman Focus Presentations) AND this is true of ALL of our students at every stage of their academic development in their disciplines. Millikin students are here to be the makers, the innovators, the discoverers, the research collaborators and the creative users of new knowledge.

The College of Arts & Sciences students have been at national and regional conferences sharing outstanding research, exemplary models of social action, and top-quality college competitions such as MOOT Court and the Ethics Bowl. They have received national awards for radio production and college awards for outstanding journalism.

Today is your chance to enjoy these presentations firsthand on our own campus.

I invite you to join in the 2017 Celebrations of Scholarship presentations, forums and exhibits. Join us as we recognize the outstanding achievements of our students. Join us in the celebration of the creativity in the College of Arts & Sciences. Join in the excitement and fun of learning.

Senior Research Capstone

Human Services Connection Pawnee 2017

SH320 8:00 am-9:00 am

SH320 10:00 am-11:00 am

Presenter(s): Audrey Allen, Samantha Bies, Katie Massey, Dayja Vallango

Presenter(s): Ben Viette, McKenzie Sauer, Jonathan Rieck, Daniel Rausch

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Melissa Scircle

Faculty Sponsor(s): Mary Garrison

Presenter(s): Lena Rotramel

Abstract/Description: Dr. Scircle's psychology capstone students will each present on their senior research capstone projects, the culmination of their psychology major at Millikin.

Abstract/Description: This presentation discusses the Human Service Connection trip to Pawnee, Oklahoma to work with the local Pawnee Reservation. Fracking, diversity, and experiences during the trip will be highlighted during the presentation.

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Linda Collinsworth

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Big Blue Backpacks SH320 9:00 am-10:00 am Presenter(s): Jonathan Rieck, Trista Smith, Katie Posch, Danna Herbach, Brooke Brasile, Leslie Chandler Faculty Sponsor(s): Mary Garrison Abstract/Description: Big Blue Backpacks is an organization that packs bags of food for children in need at Dennis Lab School. This presentation will discuss the progress of the organization, the impact it has made on the students served, engagement in performance learning/ community service, and how people can get involved with this organization.

Human Services Capstone Internship SH320 11:00 am-12:00 pm Presenter(s): Jonathan Rieck, Daniel Rausch, Sara Martin, Kelsey Wiedenkeller Faculty Sponsor(s): Kay White

Sexual Harassment Litigants: Comparisons of Scores on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality-2 and the MMPI-2 Restructured Form SH320 1:30 pm-2:00 pm

Abstract/Description: The MMPI-2 is often given to sexual harassment litigants in order to be able to definitively quantify the validity of their sexual harassment claims. However, a new form of the MMPI has emerged to replace the MMPI-2: the MMPI-2-RF. While a considerable amount of research on the scales of the MMPI2 has been done, the research on the scales of the MMPI-2-RF pales in comparison. Our research looks primarily at comparing scoring of validity scales in regard to the MMPIs of sexual harassment litigants, and the additional scales within the MMPI-2-RF not present within the MMPI-2.

Abstract/Description: Senior Human Services present their Capstone internship, the specific populations they worked with, and the outcomes of their performance learning experience ----------------------------------------

Effects of Birth Order on Personality SH320 1:00 pm-1:30 pm Presenter(s): Erica Cornelius Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. James St. James I will be presenting the experiment that I conducted in order to find out if one's birth order has any effect on their personality.

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DR. RANDY BROOKS, DEAN COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

Biology ----------------------------------------

Determining the characteristics of natural antibodies to self-antigens in the long lived Trachemys scripta elegans LTSC001 8:00 am-8:30 am Presenter(s): Francesca Rios Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Laura Zimmerman ----------------------------------------

The Impact of Laser Treatment on Breast Cancer Cell Viability in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Cell Lines.

LTSC001 8:30 am-9:00 am Presenter(s): Alex Cardascio Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Laura Zimmerman Abstract/Description: Breast cancer can be a devastating diagnosis, and annually over 240,000 women in the United States are faced with this disease. This prognosis is not always good, with about 1 in 6 of all diagnosed women dying from this disease. Currently, the two non-surgical forms of treatment for cancer patients are chemotherapy and radiation. However, both of these methods have limitations to their effectiveness as they have many detrimental side effects.

New cancer treatments are focused on directly treating the targeted tissue without harming normal tissue. One of these novel treatments, in development at Millikin, involves the use of liposomes to encapusulate cancer-fighting drugs. One challenge to this method is determining how to open the liposomes after they are injected into the body, without causing further damage to healthy tissue. This study investigates the effects laser treatment has on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Trials were performed at 10, 20, 30,

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40, and 50 minute time periods. Resazurin and MTT assays were utilized to determine the amount of cell death caused by the laser treatment. Differences were observed in the amount of cell death the laser treatment caused between the two cell lines, with MCF-7 cells being affected more than the MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, the findings of this project support the use of lasers as a potential method for opening liposomes for breast cancer treatment.

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Detection of atrazine in Macon county drinking water and the development of a cost effective detection technique LTSC001 9:00 am-9:30 am Presenter(s): Skyler Taylor Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Laura Zimmerman Abstract/Description: Atrazine, a controversial herbicide with heavy application in the Midwest, has been shown to have negative effects on marine and terrestrial life. This study monitors atrazine levels at seven Macon County water sources over a period of 14 weeks as a follow up to previous data collected by Millikin researchers, which indicated multiple peaks in atrazine levels throughout the application season. These peak concentrations were below the Environmental Protection Agency's suggested exposure limits. The study also included the development of a cost effective atrazine detection system to monitor more water sources in the future as government sponsored monitoring decreases in both frequency and number of locations tested. ----------------------------------------

Developing a West Nile virus antigen to screen for WNV in avian species LTSC001 9:30 am-10:00 am Presenter(s): Angela Boyd Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Laura Zimmerman

| COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES

Communication

Papers in Global Environmental Advocacy

Editing a trade paperback, Lessons From the Toilet School

History

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SH418 4:00 pm-5:00 pm

SH317 1:00 pm-1:30 pm

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Presenter(s): Students from the course "Global Environmental Advocacy."

Presenter(s): Emily Chudzik

Cultural Fair 3rd Floor Shilling Hallway 11:00 am-12:00 pm Presenter(s): Intercultural Communication Class (CO 432): Dwight Brown; Miranda Brown; James Buss; Dana Caspar; Oliver Czopek; Brian David; Max Denton; Kayleigh Faulkner; Wyatt Fox; Anakaren Galarza; Travis Goveia; Bryce Harvey; Alyssa Montano; Morgan Myers; Regan O'Brien; Jelani Porter; Alyssa Rodriguez; Maggie Ruane; Cedric Sanders; J.C. SantaMaria; McKenzie Sauer; Ben Spelman; Ben Viette; Travis Voorhees; Dara Wright; William Zeisset Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Nancy Curtin Abstract/Description: This is a cultural fair with booths/ tables that highlight various cultures including areas such as communication practices, food and dress, The focus will be to educate you on the culture so you will be more informed if you visit that culture. Come see, taste, and experience what life is like in various cultures!

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Sort of Pecha Kucha SH418 2:00 pm-4:00 pm Presenter(s): Students in the Communication Capstone Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Tom Duncanson Abstract/Description: Pecha Kucha originated in Japan, brief programs of 20 slides, 20 seconds per slide, in which a person shares some element of design or problem solution. In this case students may share a communication design problems on which they are working or the design of their own lives.

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Tom Duncanson Abstract/Description: Students in the course are writing significant research papers on environmental campaigns, and will present a selection of these papers.

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English

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Haiku Cut 2017: A Poetry Slam Tournament Kaeuper Hall 9:00 am-10:00 am Presenter(s): Haiku students from various sections of Global Haiku Traditions over the last few years.

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Randy Brooks Abstract/Description: As editors for Bronze Man Books publishing company, Tyler Porter and Emily Chudzik served as editors of a new trade paperback, "Lessons From the Toilet School: A Family-Centered Approach to Toilet Training" by Claudia Quigg and Ann Coleman Stadtler. In this presentation Emily discusses the process of collaborating with the authors over a period of a year to improve the quality of the text from conception to final production.

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Critical Storytelling in Uncritical Times SH317 1:30 pm-2:30 pm Presenter(s): Kaytlin Jacoby, Grace Piper, Ben Brawner, Becky Falls

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Randy Brooks

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Carmella Braniger

Abstract/Description: Haiku Cut: A Poetry Slam Tournament is a fun matching competition with teams of students competing in a heart to heart tournament. One team selects & reads a haiku and the other team selects and reads a haiku they think will beat it. The judges (everyone in the audience) have flags to vote for the BLUE or WHITE team (yes teams will wear head bands). We will have teams of 2-3 and there will be some IMPROMPTU egg-timer rounds for spontaneous creation as well as topical rounds. Egg-timer, open and mad verse rounds are judge by show of hands/flags of all present. Of course, we will have fabulous haiku book prizes and the honor of leaving the other teams heart broken.

Abstract/Description: The use of personal narrative and reflection in academic and scholarly contexts is a growing global trend. Academics everywhere are crafting their critical stories.

But why personal narrative, why now? Welldeveloped critical stories raise questions that provoke readers to dig deep and think again, from a different perspective.

Narrative can empower researchers, readers, and the storyteller to question, to think, to act, and to question yet again. This panel will feature the upcoming publication of four undergraduate MU storytellers.

Why the South left the Union and the persuasion of the Southern Commissioners SH412 1:00 pm-1:30 pm Presenter(s): Courtney Woelfel Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Dan Monroe Abstract/Description: The United States was divided in the 1850s and 60s over the institution of slavery. The persuasion of the Southern commissioners led to eleven different Southern states banding together and leaving the Union. The commissioners were able to convince the citizens in each Southern state to secede from the Union in order to protect their state’s rights but mainly to preserve slavery. Without South Carolina extremists convincing other Southern states to leave the Union, secession could have been prevented. When it comes down to it, the Confederacy of the United States of America solely wanted to preserve slavery and was willing to do whatever it took to uphold that institution. Absent the Southern commissioners, fewer states would have joined the Confederacy and perhaps secession might have never been realized.

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History Ernest Hemingway's Anti-Fascism in His Spanish Civil War Writings SH412 1:30 pm-2:00 pm Presenter(s): Matthew Nalefski Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Dan Monroe Abstract/Description: Ernest Hemingway became passionately antiwar after the experience of the Great War (1914-1918). He produced fiction with a strong antiwar message, such as "Soldier's Home." With the rise of fascism in the 1930s, Hemingway's antiwar sentiments gave way to a great desire to resist the fascist menace. His fiction on the Spanish Civil War is particularly evocative in this respect.

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

HURF

Philosophy

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HURF

Senior Thesis Presentation

SH418 1:00 pm-2:00 pm Presenter(s): TBA Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Eric Roark Abstract/Description: The first and second place winners of the HURF paper awards will present their award winning papers.

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Modern Languages

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Spanish major capstone SH422 9:00 am-10:00 am Presenter(s): Colin Bishop, Erica Cornelius, Natalie Miles, Kerin Ramirez, Nichole Tuttle, Alexandra Zalar Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Eduardo Cabrera

SH418 9:00 am-11:00 am Presenter(s): Alex Brase, Keegan Duesterhaus, Elaine Ortyl, John Tasch

Physics

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Cold In-Place Recycling LTSC001 10:30 am-11:00 am Presenter(s): Whitley Sapp Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Casey Watson Abstract/Description: Discussion of the Cold In-Place Recycling process and its environmental benefits.

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El sistema de salud de los Estados Unidos y Espana (Alexandra Zalar)

Abstract/Description: Globalization in the modern world has presented major benefits that have been widely acclaimed by scholars worldwide. The modernization of technology has allowed society to advance exponentially in recent decades. However, what are the ramifications of modern globalization to the U.S. government and how should they adapt to protect American national security? In this presentation, I will explore the consequences of the major dilemmas the U.S. faces as a nation-state— these being climate change, dissemination of homegrown terrorism, and cyber warfare.

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Sociology & Organizational Leadership ----------------------------------------

Sociology Capstone A Case Study Of The Top Four Successful Reentry Programs In the United States SH409 1:00 pm-1:30 pm Presenter(s): Monica Falconer Faculty Sponsor(s): Amber Lusvardi

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SH409 1:30 pm-2:00 pm

Faculty Sponsor(s): Amber Lusvardi

El analfabetismo en America Latina (Natalie Miles)

La ensenanza de matematicas en los Estados Unidos y Mexico (Nichole Tuttle)

Detrimental Effects of Globalization on U.S. National Security

Abstract/Description: Students will be presenting their senior thesis projects

Los sistemas educativos de Espana y los Estados Unidos (Erica Cornelius)

Obesidad: Una epidemia para los latinoamericanos en los Estados Unidos (Kerin Ramirez)

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Presenter(s): Paisley Spence

Political Science

Abstract/Description: El efecto de las drogas en los jovenes mexicanos (Colin Bishop)

Abstract/Description: Presenting the top four successful reentry programs for the formally convicted.

I will discuss why they are the most successful, where they are located, and how they help the formally convicted.

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Eric Roark

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| COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES

SH412 9:00 am-10:00 am Presenter(s): Chloe Bechtel, Yunek Moore, Phillip Ganley, Shamara Mabins Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Ken Laundra Abstract/Description: Graduating sociology majors will be presenting their final research projects

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

| COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS

LAURA LEDFORD, DEAN COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS

College of Fine Arts A Look Inside the Process Often, the only public presentation of an artist’s work is the finished product. Audiences typically don’t have the opportunity to see the applications of theory and practice taking place in the process of the creation of art. The celebrations of scholarship in the College of Fine Arts allow us to look inside the process, which involves analysis, research, development of structural and conceptual frameworks, and critically informed aesthetic judgment. This is the scholarship that informs and is embodied in a work of art.

We invite you to explore the process of creation with our students, and hope that the insights offered will allow you to enjoy the finished products of art making even more fully. Who knows, you may enjoy seeing the process as much, if not more, than the product!

Art ----------------------------------------

Peace, Love, & Posters: Vintage Rock Music Memorabilia

Wait, They Were Gay? The Erasure of LGBTQ+ Identity in Art History

SH312 11:00 am-11:30 am

SH312 11:30 am-12:00 pm

Presenter(s): Sydney Doherty

Presenter(s): Natalie Zelman

Faculty Sponsor(s): Ed Walker

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Mirela Tanta

Abstract/Description: This summer I was one of the recipients of the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. I spent the summer researching, cataloging, and photographing a collection of vintage 60s and 70s rock posters and memorabilia, which culminated into the creation of an exhibition opening and poster catalog. I did extensive research about the culture of the time period and the artistic elements represented. My presentation will feature the research I accumulated and address the cultural turmoil reflected in the art work. I will explain how visual artists impacted a musical movement and society as a whole.

Abstract/Description: This presentation addresses the importance of LGBTQ+ representation within art history as it applies to historic, present, and future artists. It is a study of the relationship between LGBTQ+ identity in artists, representation of said identities within documented art history, and the importance of that representation. Queer artists whose work does not revolve around their identity as LGBTQ+ and artists who are remembered solely for their queerness are both subject to partial erasure of identity. This lack of documentation is detrimental to young queer artists who would look up to them as role models with whom they could identify.

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

Theatre & Dance

Dream, reimagining them as a single narrative with its own special magic. Today, the students offer an encore presentation of their London performance.

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Shakespeare Corrected

The Preparation Behind the Practice

Albert Taylor Theatre 9:00 am-10:00 am

Albert Taylor Theatre 11:00 am-11:45 pm

Presenter(s): Alex Miller, Janine Norman, Joey Vargas, Genevieve Breitbach, Benjamin Viette, Stanley Natonek, Joel Kimling, Kirby Lorig, Marielle Tepe, Erin O'Brien, Andie Burns, Heather Bilecki, Veronica Fernandez, Meghan Bryan, Claire Schmidt, Kala Keller, Audrey Allen, Past Participants in the Shakespeare Corrected Program"

Presenter(s): David Blakeman, Lydia Burke, Rachel Humphrey, Jacob Melssen, Lexi Johnson, Amanda Donohoe, Kyle Kite, Darius Lee, Patrick O'Keefe, Stephanie Simon, Jasmine Tamayo, Katherine Viviano, Julia Whitcomb, Hannah Williams

Faculty Sponsor(s): Alex Miller

Abstract/Description: Students from Acting for the Musical Stage will present research relevant to their performance scenes, highlighting specific information that informed approach and choices; then they will present their scenes.

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Abstract/Description: Shakespeare Corrected offers an inside look at our transformative program which operates within the Decatur Correctional Center, and mounts one Shakespeare production a year. We will talk about our expansion efforts, how people can help, and the overall kind of work we are doing and the effects that it has on the community.

There will also be a staged reading and appearances by past participants.

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A Midsummer Night's Dream Albert Taylor Theatre 10:00 am-11:00 am Presenter(s): Dawn Biza, Michael Buebe, Kevin Harris, Alexandra Johnson, Darius Lee, Taylor Lindemann, Kirby Lorig, Ashleigh Martens, Rachel McCrea, Taylor McWilliams-Woods, Joshua Miller, Patrick O'Keefe, Rebecca Robinson, Kate Sawyer, Claire Schmidt, Jacob Shaffer, Katherine Viviano, Hannah Williams

| SCHOOL OF THEATRE & DANCE

Faculty Sponsor(s): Lori Bales

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Pipe Dreams Studio Theatre Albert Taylor Theatre 11:45 am-12:00 pm Presenter(s): Maggie McMurran, Joel Kimling, Andie Burns, Taylor Stunkle, Victoria Rossi, John Farina, Elizabeth Pillow, Laney Haupert, Clair Schmit, Amanda Barth Faculty Sponsor(s): Sara Theis Abstract/Description: A short presentation and explanation of how we run Pipe Dreams and our mission: play, experiment, explore! Also a short synopsis of our current show, Bachelorette, and our plans for next year.

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Anne Matthews Abstract/Description: Every year, as part of the London Semester, Millikin students work with practitioners at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre on an edited version of that season's comedy. During the Fall 2016 semester, the students combined the love scenes from A Midsummer Night's

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

Education ----------------------------------------

Breaking the Self: Redefining Cultural Identity Through Short-term International Programs SH303 8:00 am-8:30 am Presenter(s): Matthew Gremo Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Hee Young Choi

College of Professional Studies Best practices informed by scholarship.

In the College of Professional Studies, we value the development of professionals who engage in active learning while acquiring knowledge. We believe there is no better example of active learning than an individual’s engagement in scholarly endeavors. Scholarly engagement improves the body of knowledge of the professional. Scholarly engagement advances the application of theoretical concepts to practiced performance. Scholarly engagement supports the development of partnerships within communities. Scholarly engagement shapes the future of the professions in which we practice.

We celebrate scholarly engagement ... when ESS students investigate concussive sports' injuries and use that knowledge to improve the overall health of athletes in rural communities. We celebrate scholarly engagement ... when SOE students complete comprehensive research based upon observations of students in their learning environments. We celebrate scholarly engagement ... when undergraduate SON students use translational research to improve best practice in the clinical arenas. We celebrate scholarly engagement ... when the SON graduate students design final projects which pair inquiry and evidence-based practice with focused residencies to improve patient outcomes through quality improvement initiatives.

Abstract/Description: An absurd amount of literature exists in relation to the benefits of long-term international exchange programs operating within the United States. However, the majority of research maintains a framework centered on the use of such programs as economic systems which open the floodgates for improved recruitment and retention rates. As such, a focus on the benefits of short-term multicultural programs often falls by the wayside. It is likely that this void in studies surrounding such benefits is inherently linked to an inability to measure said benefits through a quantitative lens. Or rather, the optimistic way to view such a void is related as such. The far more cynical assertion would be to suggest that the actual multicultural experience required to genuinely exemplify the value of diverse communities and experiences is not valued by western universities as much as the bottom line. Through the implementation of a genuine performance learning and neo-racism framework, the bilateral benefits of short-term multicultural programs will be explored in a study of their effects on the cultural identities of international Korean students.

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Assessment Case Study of an 8th Grade Chinese Student SH303 8:30 am-9:00 am Presenter(s): Darienne Ciuró Sánchez Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Hee Young Choi

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DR. DEBORAH SLAYTON, DEAN COLLEGE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

Abstract/Description: Darienne Ciuró Sánchez conducted an Assessment Case Study based on her observation of an 8th grade Chinese student at a local public school. Through this project, Darienne shows how to help a specific English Language Learner succeed academically by coordinating the curriculum with the regular classroom teacher and specialists involved in the education of this student. She documented the student’s background history of language and academic progress and analyzed her assessment data for recommendations to the teaching team for effective instruction and valid assessment accommodations.

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Exploring multiculturalism and diversity through Chicago education internship SH303 9:00 am-10:00 am Presenter(s): Sierra Cowan, Adrianna Laskowski, Amanda Mandrell, Chaeyeon Oh, Heidy Perales Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Hee Young Choi Abstract/Description: Students will present their performance learning experiences from the Chicago education internship they participated in January 2017. The week long Education Internship is designed in collaboration with the Chicago Center for Urban Life and Culture. Students have spent a week in Chicago to learn about bilingual program models or special education from their internship at the Chicago public schools.

They also participated in community and cultural activities in some of Chicago’s diverse neighborhoods in order to raise awareness regarding multiculturalism for educators. The week long Chicago education internship provided students with direct experiences in bilingual programs, special education and diverse communities that are important experiences for teacher candidates who will be working with bilingual children and students from diverse backgrounds in their future classrooms.

| COLLEGE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

Yesterday, today, and tomorrow of bilingual education in the US: focus on historical and contemporary issues SH303 10:00 am-11:00 am Presenter(s): Sierra Cowan, Alora Goodey, Heidy Perales, Elizabeth Shaffer, Emily Steele Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Hee Young Choi Abstract/Description: ED 209/IN 251 introduces students to a growing population of linguistically and culturally diverse students in the U.S. schools and considerations in meeting their educational needs. In this course students have conducted research projects studying significant issues of bilingual education within the sociopolitical, cultural and historical context of the U.S. The topics students will present will be: civilization of Native Americans, myths and realities of immigration, assimilation and acculturation of bilingual education, and segregation issue of bilingual education.

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What We Can Learn From How Other Countries Teach Mathematics SH303 11:00 am-11:30 am Presenter(s): Luke Azzarelli, Emily Lanz, Hannah Levin, Madeline Morthland, Breanna Ninmer, Kaitlyn Norris, Morgan Norsen, Lauren Rhodes, Elizabeth Shaffer Faculty Sponsor(s): Karen Mercer Abstract/Description: Students will present research on some of the world's nations ranked in the top 20 for mathematics education according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Pisa Rankings that test 15 year old students. The research is focused to determine what makes their instruction so much better than that of the U.S. The United States performed below average in mathematics in 2012 and is ranked 27th behind countries like Finland, Austria, Singapore, and Japan. Presentations will be followed by a brief panel discussion.

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

Case Studies in Child Development: Taking a Closer Look

on the effectiveness of KT Tape for relieving calf tightness and pain.

The Practicality of Replacing Hot Packs with Cold Packs

Kinesio Tape: Uses and Effectiveness

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SH303 1:00 pm-2:00 pm

Therapeutic Ultrasound- Is it an effective modality?

SH303 2:45 pm-3:00 pm

SH303 3:15 pm-3:30 pm

Presenter(s): Emily Steele, Andrea Wicker, Amber Davis (possible participants: Alyssa Jimenez, Jordan Griglin)"

SH303 2:15 pm-2:30 pm

Presenter(s): Megan Kushner

Presenter(s): Torie Crocks

Faculty Sponsor(s): Tisha Hess

Faculty Sponsor(s): Tisha Hess

Abstract/Description: Hot packs (thermotherapy) are commonly used prior to athletic performance to improve tissue elasticity. Many athletic training facilities, however, are not equipped to provide a plethora of athletes with thermotherapy due to budgetary and practicality restrictions. Recently, studies have investigated whether a solution to this problem lies in easily-accessible cold packs (cryotherapy). This literature review will take an in-depth look at the effectiveness of using cold packs to produce similar effects as thermotherapy.

Abstract/Description: Using athletic tape to provide support for injuries has become a commonplace in the world of sport. Over the past several years a different type of tape has risen in popularity.

Kinesio Tape is advertised as an alternative to athletic tape and as a tool to enhance specific aspects of exercise performance.

Does the evidence support these means?

This literature review will focus on the uses of Kinesio Tape and the accuracy with which it may be used in the athletic environment.

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Concussions in Football: Does the Position Matter?

Is there a Relationship between Menstruation and ACL Injuries in Female Athletes

SH303 3:00 pm-3:15 pm

SH303 3:30 pm-3:45 pm

“Don’t Eat That!”

Presenter(s): Cortney Helms

SH303 2:30 pm-2:45 pm

Presenter(s): Kayla Lojas

Faculty Sponsor(s): Tisha Hess

Faculty Sponsor(s): John Storsved

Abstract/Description: Concussions are one of the most common injuries among football players. Contrarily, they are often overlooked because of the lack of education and the stigma associated with injury. Untreated concussions can be detrimental to an athlete’s health and can sometimes be fatal. The purpose of this literature review is to educate the population on how serious concussions are and to evaluate the impact of specific sport positions on concussion risk.

Abstract/Description: There has been speculation that hormonal changes that occur during a female athlete's menstrual cycle can influence the integrity of ligaments in the joints, particularly the anterior cruciate ligament. This literature review will review the relationship between the menstrual cycle and its potential impact on ACL injuries. Could restraining female athletes from participation during their menstrual cycle decrease ACL injuries?

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Georgette Page Abstract/Description: The group will report significant findings from their case studies (Embedded Signature Assessment), which is a major course requirement for Early Childhood and Elementary Education majors, taking Child Development (ED 200/ED 232). The participants of the group will address specific developmental, individual, and cultural characteristics as they paint an interesting picture of the whole child.

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Exercise Science & Sport

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The Effectiveness of Kinesiology Tape on Overuse Injuries of the Lower Extremities SH303 2:00 pm-2:15 pm Presenter(s): Olivia Bogolin Faculty Sponsor(s): Tisha Hess Abstract/Description: Today in the realm of sports, chronic and overuse injuries are much more common than acute injuries. Chronic and overuse injuries occur over a prolonged period of time and can be a source of frustration for active individuals. Lower extremity injuries, in particular, are becoming more common in the athletic arena. To combat this growing issue, athletic trainers must design new treatment techniques. Thus, the use of Kinesiology Tape (KT Tape) is becoming more and more popular as a management technique. This literature review will focus

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Presenter(s): Gabby Werren Faculty Sponsor(s): Tisha Hess Abstract/Description: Therapeutic ultrasound is a common modality used in rehabilitation programs.

This modality is used to help aid in the recovery of musculoskeletal injuries of physically active individuals. Many clinicians believe therapeutic ultrasound has many positive benefits associated with the healing process of soft tissue, muscle, and tendon pathologies. Although there are possible positive outcomes for the injury response process, this literature review will critically analyze the possibility that therapeutic ultrasound is not an effective modality to use on musculoskeletal pathologies, and has no benefits in aiding the healing process.

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Presenter(s): Courtney Ginigeme Faculty Sponsor(s): Tisha Hess Abstract/Description: When we think of eating disorders, most of us naturally picture an image of a young woman who is noticeably underweight. In addition, we associate eating disorders with the modeling industry. However, what about the physically fit, muscular, star athlete?

According to the National Eating Disorders Association, approximately 10 million men in the United States battle a type of eating disorder. At the college level, about 4% of the male population is battling with an eating disorder. However, they aren’t receiving the proper treatment or counseling because it is often over looked or is presumed to be natural habits during the traditional competition season. This literature review will evaluate the psychological, physical, and cultural implications of eating disorders in the college-aged male.

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Caffeine Supplementation in Endurance Athletes SH303 3:45 pm-4:00 pm

This review will investigate the types of athletes and activities and look at the affect of caffeine on both the physical and mental performances.

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| COLLEGE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

Comparison of Barefoot Running, Running Shoes and Minimalist Shoes SH303 4:30 pm-4:45 pm

Effects of Foot Orthosis on Injury Prevention

Presenter(s): Tate Gehrig

SH303 4:00 pm-4:15 pm

Faculty Sponsor(s): John Storsved

Presenter(s): Bekah Bamert Faculty Sponsor(s): John Storsved Abstract/Description: This presentation will be a literature review about the effectiveness of orthotics and insoles. The difference between the two will be discussed in relation to how well they reduce foot and shin pain. Various types of insoles will be discussed along with heel lifts and full foot insoles. There will also be discussion as to whether it is beneficial to wear orthoics while performing rehabilitation exercises for strength and stability.

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Treatment Options for Exertional Compartment Syndrome SH303 4:15 pm-4:30 pm Presenter(s): Justice Miller Faculty Sponsor(s): John Storsved Abstract/Description: Exertional Compartment Syndrome is a non-emergent condition typically affecting the compartments of the legs and arms.

This injury is common in athletes who participate in activities that require high repetitive impact. For many athletes, this diagnosis can result in a career ending condition. There are some widely accepted treatments. This presentation will compare the different treatments and explore the advantages and disadvantages of these treatments.

Abstract/Description: There has been a recent increase in barefoot running and the use of minimalist shoes.

There has been very little research that has addressed the benefits of risk in barefoot running, minimalist shoes and traditional running shoes in regards to injury and physiological factors. This presentation will address the benefits and risks of barefoot and minimalist running shoes.

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Nursing

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Educational Transformation of Nurse Anesthesia Education at Decatur Memorial Hospital (1963-2016) LTSC108 8:00 am-8:30 am Presenter(s): Sarah Reising Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Lori Stone Abstract/Description: A concise review of my research findings regarding the history of nurse anesthesia education at Decatur Memorial Hospital.

Presenter(s): Nick Retherford Faculty Sponsor(s): John Storsved Caffeine is a stimulant that has both positive and negative effects on sports performance.

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

Clinical Policy Inclusion: Anesthesia Safety Checklist for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) LTSC108 8:30 am-9:00 am Presenter(s): Amber Smith Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Lori Stone Using the IOWA model a policy has been created for submission to Decatur Memorial Hospital regarding safe patient care in the MRI machine during anesthesia.

The researcher investigated evidence for patient safety regarding anesthesia and MRI. The researcher developed a policy with recommendation from nurse anesthesia research and utilized the CRNA's and interns at DMH who are delivering anesthesia in the MRI suite.

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Development of a Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Policy Revision LTSC108 9:00 am-9:30 am Presenter(s): David Frazier Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Pam Lindsey Abstract/Description: My project focuses on the development and implementation of a revision to the department of anesthesia pre-anesthetic asssement policy. The revision will include the use of a PONV risk assessment and prophylaxis guide for providers to reference.

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Comparision of Intraoperative Warming Methods during Total Joint Arthroplasty LTSC108 9:30 am-10:00 am Presenter(s): Katelyn Rupert Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Sheila Jesek-Hale Abstract/Description: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common

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complication of orthopedic surgery that can result in significant morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs. Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is a known risk factor for the development of SSIs and active warming technology (i.e., forced-air warming) can be employed in an effort to prevent this complication. However, the studies reviewed suggest that forced-air warming devices disrupt unidirectional airflow, causing unwanted airflow disturbances over the surgical site and potentially contributing to the development of SSIs. As a result, the Anesthesia Infection Control Policy was revised to use air-free warming methods (i.e., conductive heating) for maintenance of normothermia in all total joint arthroplasty cases.

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Order Set Guided Management of Post-Operative Corneal Abrasion LTSC108 10:00 am-10:30 am Presenter(s): Carolyn Rigsby Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Marcena Gabrielson Abstract/Description: Corneal abrasion is the most common ocular complication for general anesthesia patients. Corneal abrasions are painful and associated with increased healthcare costs.

There is no universal protocol for nurse anesthetists’ management of post-operative corneal abrasion. Using the Donabedian Quality of Care Framework, this DNP Project involved developing and implementing an electronic order set for nurse anesthetists to guide treatment of corneal abrasion in the post-operative period. This evidencebased protocol was designed to expedite patient comfort, maintain patient and provider satisfaction, and guide follow-up care. Results of provider satisfaction with the protocol and implications for nurse anesthetists will be presented.

Application of Disposable Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Mask (CPAP) for the Perioperative Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient LTSC108 11:00 am-11:30 am Presenter(s): Kristen Eckhart Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Jo Carter Abstract/Description: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder that affects between 9 and 25% of the general population (Peppard et al., 2013). Research has linked OSA to co-morbidities including hypertension, type II diabetes, stroke, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias and has been linked to early mortality (Hamdy, Uwaifo, and Oral, 2015; Knauert et al., 2015; Mackey et al., 2013). ""Globesity"", the term coined by the World Health Organization to describe the global obesity epidemic has potentiated the explosive growth of this sleep-related breathed disease worldwide over recent decades (“WHO”, 2000).

Coupled with general anesthesia, OSA has deleterious effects on respiratory physiology, placing the surgical patient at increased risk for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) including postoperative hypoexemia, atelectasis, and pneumonia that can lead to increased length of hospital stay, unanticipated admissions to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), or reintubation (Chung, F. and Mokhlesi, B., 2014; Mackey et al., 2013; Mokhlesi et al., 2013; Kaw et al., 2012; Memtsoudis et al., 2014). As such, the immediate postoperative period is crucial in the prevention and treatment of these complications.

| COLLEGE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

CPAP mask at Decatur Memorial Hospital (DMH). This project would determine feasibility for integrating this equipment into the DMH practice guidelines for the management of perioperative OSA patient.

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Healthcare Workers’ Attitudes and Compliance Regarding Personal Protective Equipment, and the use of Safe Zone LTSC108 11:30 am-12:00 pm Presenter(s): Francis Oke Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Mary Jane Linton & John Blakeman Abstract/Description: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) result in an estimated 75,000 patient deaths annually, with an estimated cost of 30 billion dollars. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) can help prevent these infections with improved patient outcomes.

The purpose of this project was to explore healthcare workers’ attitudes and compliance towards PPE. In addition, the study was to determine the acceptance rate of the safe zone if implemented.

This study was conducted at a medium-size Midwestern acute care hospital using an observational and a cross-sectional survey methods."

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the mainstay of OSA treatment. A review of literature reveals several studies linking lung recruitment maneuvers and CPAP therapy to improved oxygenation for the postoperative OSA patient. Disposable CPAP masks have been found to improve postoperative pulmonary function, Pa02, and Pa02 / FI02 ratios (PF) in morbidly obese patients in recent literature (Gaszynski et al., 2007; Neligan et al., 2009; Wong et al., 2011).

The purpose of this scholarly project is to pilot the implementation of a disposable P. 19

2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

Entrepreneurship

Health Care in the Dominican Republic

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SCO207 10:00 am-11:00 am

Idea-to-Incubator Competition SCO211 & SCO212 9:00 am-2:30 pm Presenter(s): Top finalists in the Arts & Media, STEM, and Social Ventures tracks.

Faculty Sponsor(s): Julienne Shields

DR. NAJIBA BENABESS, DEAN TABOR SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

Tabor School of Business Bringing Innovation to Life Discover. Innovate. Practice. In Tabor, students engage in scholarship not only through research, but through putting their ideas and discoveries into practice.

They may build a new venture or solve a complex business problem for a client.

In Tabor, we believe competing will give you the confidence you need to succeed.

See the action today as students from a variety of majors across campus compete for cash prizes in the Idea-to-Incubator Competition where their “pitches” will be judged by entrepreneurs and venture capitalists. Or, watch our newest Tabor students compete for prizes in the Freshmen Business Plan Competition. If you can’t fit in either of these events, perhaps you would like to see what students are doing in the new student-run venture MU Performance Consulting. Whatever you choose, I think you will be impressed by the capabilities of our Millikin students!

This is a fantastic way to lift up and celebrate their good works.

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Abstract/Description: The Idea-to-Incubator competition showcases student ideas in four tracks: Arts & Media Ventures, STEM Ventures, Social Ventures, and Food & Beverage Ventures. The top four idea teams in each track will spend May-July developing their ideas in a co-working space, with the guidance of a lead mentor and up to three additional mentors. They will then compete for $1,500 of seed money at the beginning of the 2017-2018 school year.

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Tabor School of Business

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#MillikinCreates SCO207 9:30 am-10:00 am Presenter(s): Megan Peterson, Shelby Truax Faculty Sponsor(s): Jessa Wilcoxen, Johnny Power, Carrie Trimble Abstract/Description: Millikin Creates is a collaboration between students and faculty helping to brand Millikin University as an institution that values creativity, innovation, and technology. The students behind Millikin Creates will be discussing their journey and their social media strategy as it thrives on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.

Presenter(s): Connor Shaw, Rebecca Falls, Melissa Donovan Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Larry Stapleton Abstract/Description: Presentation of what we did in El Mango Limpio, Dominican Republic, in January 2017. We are creating sustainability for their village and we were working on health care for their village because the closest clinic is a 20 minute bus ride. So we set up supplies, that two future nurses will hopefully run a potential poly clinic for their village.

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Building a Raspberry Pi Cluster for High Performance Computing SCO208 10:30 am-11:00 am Presenter(s): Blake Jacobus Faculty Sponsor(s): RJ Podeschi Abstract/Description: When mathematical equations develop a certain degree of complexity, high performance computers are needed to efficiently process calculations. This presentation covers the background of the Raspberry Pi, and how it fits the needs of the Millikin physics department and the Maker Space in the new University Commons. While more expensive computers may offer the same level of processing power, this inexpensive device can be configured for parallel processing, allowing it to achieve a high level of performance at a low cost. The presentation consists of background information and a demonstration of the cluster processing capabilities, followed by a Q&A session.

| TABOR SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

MU Performance Consulting Semi-Annual Stakeholders Meeting SCO208 11:00 am-12:00 pm Presenter(s): Hannah Haak, Blake Jacobus, Eric Johnson, Justin DeBo, Nate Frederick, Billy Neumann, Brandon Kersten, Jesse Sargeant, Erik Westlund, Ben Quattrone, Sean Nicholson Faculty Sponsor(s): RJ Podeschi Abstract/Description: MUPC is in its second semester of running as a fully-functioning technology consulting firm. Student consultants will provide summaries of recent technical projects for area clients in addition to financial statements and changes to operating procedures and organizational structure.

This presentation serves as a semiannual report to the advisory board.

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2017 Freshman Business Plan Competition SCO207 12:00 pm-3:00 pm Presenter(s): Health Shack Monika Brown, Jack Eggmann, Gage Eller, John Leonard, Alex Pratt, Jumping Jacks Zach Fisher, Madison Ludwick, Victor Overlin, Anthony Ramirez, Alex Roth Limitless Cole Babcock, Tanner Beck, Mari Couri, Tristin Duden, Tyler Prunty On your Mark Jerome Adams, JJ Aldridge, Jake Drada, Cole Jones, Andre Phelps, JJ Watt PlanIt Friend Ada Campbell, Tyler Carley, Reece Crawford, Korbin Farmer, Luka Lubecki Hotel U Matt Brown, Joey Buhay, Mikayla Krieger, Kimberly Tejada" Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Mark Munoz Abstract/Description: Select teams of freshmen from the Fall 2016 BU100 Business Creation course present the business plans they created and compete for up to $4,000 in international immersion scholarships.

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

| ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTER

English Language Center ----------------------------------------

English Language Center The mission of the English Language Center (ELC), a branch of the School of Education, is to provide quality English instruction for international students to communicate effectively in English in personal and academic contexts, to provide a context for understanding daily life in American society, to enhance cross-cultural awareness, and to assist students in succeeding in their academic and professional life. Programs provide

Enhancing Cross-Cultural Awareness Through Interview Project SH320 1:00 pm-2:00 pm Presenter(s): Chaeyeon Oh, Rachel Asifiwe, Sophia (Hua En) Hsu, Yvette Migisha Faculty Sponsor(s): Brandy Barter-Storm Abstract/Description: International students from the English Language Center (ELC) will present the findings of interviews conducted in their American Studies class. This Fall 2016 project focused on cross-cultural awareness through a comparison and contrast of American culture and the cultures of Taiwan, Korea, and Congo. This interactive presentation will afford Millikin students, faculty and staff a unique opportunity to learn from international students perspectives on noteworthy similarities and differences between various cultures.

an immersive experience for English learners to gain proficiency in the language through intensive English instruction with varied instructional strategies.

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DR. CHRISTIE MAGOULIAS, DIRECTOR SCHOOL OF EDUCATION & ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTER

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

| LONG-VANDERBURG SCHOLARS PROGRAM

LongVanderburg Scholars Program ---------------------------------------

First Year LV Presentations: Identity and Representation SH302 8:00 am-11:00 am

Long-Vanderburg Scholars Program The Long-Vanderburg (LV) Scholars Program honors the first two African American graduates of Millikin University, Fred Long and Marian Vanderburg. In 2010, under the leadership of 1975 Millikin University alumnus and Caterpillar Inc. CEO, Doug Oberhelman, the program received a generous gift from Caterpillar, Inc.

The Long-Vanderburg Scholars Program is an honors program that provides historically underrepresented students and those committed to social justice and diversity & inclusion, with the opportunity to uphold and contribute to the legacy of academic excellence, leadership, and service at Millikin University. Scholastic Achievement, Civic Responsibility, Leadership and Educational Advancement are emphasized through a fouryear program offering both curricular and co-curricular activities.

During Celebrations of Scholarship, Freshman through Senior Long-Vanderburg Scholars will present original research that explores their position in society, their ever-growing leadership models, their professional creeds, and also their development as citizen-scholars. Join them as they showcase what it means to be Long-Vanderburg Scholars at Millikin University!

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Presenter(s): Mehrangez Rahmatova, Johnathen Sumler, Rubi Rodriguez Bobadilla, Catera Hubert, Alphonso Echols, Alex Herrera, Josh Bateman, Taylor Bailey, Kiara Fultz, Diana Juarez, Kimberly Tejada, Jalen Armstrong, Faculty Sponsor(s): Vicky Gilpin Abstract/Description: The First-Year LV students will present their individual analyses of selected representations of identity in popular culture, what those representations could mean in light of social justice and personal understanding, and incorporate concepts of identity and self reflection as LV scholars in regard to leadership, historical understanding of diversity and culture, and extension of social justice."

Personal Leadership Philosophies SH310 8:00 am-10:30 am Presenter(s): Madi Boeglin, Brian David, Brittney Freeman, Alan Hernandez, Lexi Leggs, Josh Miller, Mikala Powell, Alec Reyes, Shelby Ulrich Faculty Sponsor(s): Kimberly Mungaray Abstract/Description: Students will present videos representing their personal leadership philosophies.

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Patchwork Quilt: A Village and Her People SH302 1:00 pm-3:30 pm Presenter(s): Kaia Bell, Alicia Cunningham, Cody Rodas, Maya Van Lysebettens, Noah Villarreal, Bayleigh Williams Faculty Sponsor(s): Maire Foxx Abstract/Description: Like the numerous stitches found within a patchwork quilt our lives are intertwined.

Though we are physically different, hail from different neighborhoods, and have separate experiences within life, we provide the infrastructure for our world.

Our individual histories are the stitches that hold us together, and we know that without individual experience our world's villages are likely to fail. Thus, come what may, together we hold firm to our commitment to celebrate our single stitches in order to become our wonderfully diverse Patchwork Quilt.

Long-Vanderburg Scholar Senior Seminar II: Achieving effectively your Personal and Professional Goals, Project SH310 1:00 pm-4:00 pm Presenter(s): Heather Banks, Rebecca Fonseca, Philip Ganley, Courtney Ginigeme, Shawneka Hawkins, Summer Hemphill, Jocelyn Hernandez, Haley Hogenkamp, Michael Lambton, Timothee McElroy, Ryan Morgan, Ketyra Taylor, Ananstasia Tomanek Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Paul Toure Abstract/Description: The intention of these presentations is to demonstrate the way LV scholars have achieved their overall personal and academic goals. All of us have various purposes in life.

We want to accomplish different goals for ourselves, nurtured relationships, serve and contribute to society. And yet, we struggle to determine the exact amount of time and energy we need to set aside in order to reach these goals. Throughout their studies here at Millikin University, these LV Seniors have striven to learn how to prepare themselves in acquiring specific habits and principles that have allow them to achieve their personal, academic, and professional goals.

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

Honors Freshman Focus Panels Millikin's Honors Program introduces students to college level scholarship, research, critical thinking, and writing. Freshman Honors seminars involve intense discussion and require active participation. Honors Scholars are chosen based on their academic achievements, involvement in high school, and an interview/selection process. During Celebrations of Scholarship, freshmen present research from their first year as an Honors student. Join them as they celebrate their first successful year at the University!

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DR. MICHAEL HARTSOCK, DIRECTOR HONORS PROGRAM

| HONORS FRESHMAN FOCUS PANELS

SH327 8:00 am-9:00 am

SH318 9:00 am-10:00 am

SH327 9:00 am-10:00 am

Presenter(s): Emma Browne

Presenter(s): Delaney Schmidt

Presenter(s): Payten Humphreys

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): JudithCrowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

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SH327 8:00 am-9:00 am

SH318 9:00 am-10:00 am

SH327 9:00 am-10:00 am

Presenter(s): Al Joritz

Presenter(s): Haley Schuck

Presenter(s): Maya Dougherty

Faculty Sponsor(s): JudithCrowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

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SH327 8:00 am-9:00 am

SH318 9:00 am-10:00 am

SH327 9:00 am-10:00 am

Presenter(s): Abigail Gawart

Presenter(s): Kyra Lamartine

Presenter(s): Cassandra Hysler

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

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SH327 8:00 am-9:00 am

SH318 9:00 am-10:00 am

SH319 9:00 am-10:00 am

Presenter(s): Mackenzie Barnett

Presenter(s): Teague Phillips

Presenter(s): Masha Kostic

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

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SH319 8:00 am-9:00 am

SH318 9:00 am-10:00 am

SH319 9:00 am-10:00 am

Presenter(s): Autumn Meyer

Presenter(s): Trey DeLuna

Presenter(s): Emily Boes

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

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SH319 8:00 am-9:00 am

SH327 9:00 am-10:00 am

SH319 9:00 am-10:00 am

Presenter(s): Logan Bader

Presenter(s): Matthew Polett

Presenter(s): Molly Dugger

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

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SH319 8:00 am-9:00 am

SH327 9:00 am-10:00 am

SH319 9:00 am-10:00 am

Presenter(s): Tanner Barnes

Presenter(s): Emily Pfaff

Presenter(s): Stephen DeMartini

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

SH319 9:00 am-10:00 am

SH319 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH318 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH319 11:00 am-12:00 pm

Presenter(s): Matthew Frank

Presenter(s): Lucas Chatterton

Presenter(s): Benjamin Maynard

Presenter(s): Jillian Jones

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

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SH327 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH319 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH318 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH319 11:00 am-12:00 pm

Presenter(s): Alexander Pratt

Presenter(s): Jordan Niebuhr

Presenter(s): Carrie Thompson

Presenter(s): Madison Burress

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

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SH327 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH319 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH327 11:00 am-12:00 pm

SH319 11:00 am-12:00 pm

Presenter(s): Isaac Hopper

Presenter(s): Aimee Frost

Presenter(s): Hayley Paladines

Presenter(s): Morgan Bode

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

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SH327 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH319 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH327 11:00 am-12:00 pm

SH319 11:00 am-12:00 pm

Presenter(s): Morgan Bettner

Presenter(s): Sophie Green

Presenter(s): Kailey Powers

Presenter(s): Eric Curtis

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

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SH327 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH318 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH327 11:00 am-12:00 pm

SH318 11:00 am-12:00 pm

Presenter(s): Austin Taylor

Presenter(s): Madison Jester

Presenter(s): Elizabeth King

Presenter(s): Mackenzie Martin

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

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SH327 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH318 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH327 11:00 am-12:00 pm

SH318 11:00 am-12:00 pm

Presenter(s): Tressa Rudolph

Presenter(s): Emily Cotner

Presenter(s): Naomi Klingbeil

Presenter(s): Michael Duling

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

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SH319 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH318 10:00 am-11:00 am

SH327 11:00 am-12:00 pm

SH318 11:00 am-12:00 pm

Presenter(s): Alissa Kanturek

Presenter(s): Melanie Wilson

Presenter(s): Nicole Cushman

Presenter(s): Margot Frank

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Michael Hollis-George

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

Faculty Sponsor(s): Judith Crowe

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| HONORS FRESHMAN FOCUS PANELS

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

| STALEY LIBRARY

Staley Library The Millikin Medal for Excellence in Young Adult Literature Now in its second year, the Millikin Medal for Excellence in Young Adult Literature brings together future educators, journalists, writers, historians, and librarians to organize, present, and sustain a literary award. The judging panel, made up of Millikin faculty and students, evaluates works of literature aimed at young adults (defined by the founding members as literature aimed at high school and college-aged readers), evaluates nominated titles, all of which were published during the previous academic year, on a variety of factors related to diversity, inclusion, and literary merit.

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The Millikin Medal for Excellence in Young Adult Literature SH320 2:00 pm-3:00 pm Presenter(s): Matthew Gremo, Emma Hoyer, Sam Miller Faculty Sponsor(s): Rachel Bicicchi, Amanda Pippitt Abstract/Description: This year’s presentation will cover our activities in year two as we look to grow the medal. We'll talk about how we narrowed from the original list of submissions to the long list, the short list, and ultimately the winner. Students will also focus on about how the group facilitates critical thinking, collaboration, and exposure to diverse authors and titles. Finally, we’ll announce this year’s winner and honor book(s).

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

1

ATRAZINE ANALYSIS IN MACON COUNTY WATER SOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF A COST EFFECTIVE DETECTION TECHNIQUE Biology Author(s): Skyler Taylor and Dr. Jennifer Schroeder Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Jennifer Schroeder Millikin University

24th Annual

Poster Symposium

1:00-3:00 PM

The 24th Annual Millikin University Celebrations of Scholarship Poster Symposium In Honor of Judith and Dr. G. Richard Locke

Abstract/Description: Atrazine, a controversial herbicide with heavy application in the Midwest, has been shown to have negative effects on marine and terrestrial life. This study monitored atrazine levels at seven Macon County water sources over a period of 14 weeks as a follow up to previous data collected by Millikin researchers indicating multiple peaks in atrazine levels throughout the application series. These peak concentrations, although below the Environmental Protection Agencyís, can pose a significant threat to wildlife and humans alike. The study is also developing a cost effective atrazine detection system to monitor more water sources in the future as government sponsored monitoring decreases frequency and number of locations tested.

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2

Begun in 1993 with funding from the Office of the Provost, the Poster Symposium is now in its 24th year. The Poster Symposium provides students with an opportunity to share their scholarly work, and in the process increase campus and community awareness of the variety of scholarly activities conducted by students and faculty each and every year. Further, the symposium is an excellent means of introducing and encouraging students to explore and participate in research opportunities at Millikin University.

Judith “Judy” and the late G. Richard “Dick” Locke, M.D. began providing financial support in 1994 for the Poster Symposium prizes awarded to the top-rated student presentations. Many bright, talented students have benefited from their generosity. Judy Locke continues to support undergraduate research at Millikin University through not only treasure but also of her time.

Judy returns to campus annually to serve as a Poster Symposium judge and has greatly enjoyed the time she spends with students and faculty.

In celebration of the Lockes unwavering support of Millikin, the University seeks to establish an endowed fund naming The Judith and G. Richard Locke Undergraduate Research Poster Awards in perpetuity. Judy Locke has provided the seed money to establish the fund and a local family foundation has pledged to provide the award funding while the University raises the remaining funds needed. To ensure the continued excellence and growth of the COS Poster Symposium, Millikin wishes to create new award opportunities for group scholarship presentations and specific academic areas. Group presentations require an increasingly important collaborative skill set that Millikin students must strengthen during their time on campus in order to achieve professional success.

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Judith Locke & G. Richard Locke, M.D.

If you are interested in learning more about the Judith and G. Richard Locke Undergraduate Research Poster Awards and how your donations may be directed to this fund, please contact Alumni and Development at: 217-424-6383 kmangan@millikin.edu.

AN ESSENTIAL SOLUTION: TOXICITY OF FIVE ESSENTIAL OILS IN MCF-7 AND MDA-MB-231 BREAST CANCER CELL LINES Biology and Chemistry Author(s): Sara A. Sigfried, Dr. Jennifer Schroeder and Dr. Paris W. Barnes Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Jennifer Schroeder Millikin University Abstract/Description: Cancer treatment is often costly and can be just as harmful as helpful to the patient. As a result, patients seek alternative treatment options, such as herbal therapy. One such treatment is the use of essential oils: plant

extracts often obtained through distillation.

Common essential oils include rosemary, eucalyptus, lemon, clove, and cinnamon leaf extracts. These five extracts comprise Thieves, reported to support the bodyís defenses and possess anti-cancer properties.

To determine if the Thieves components influence cancer cell viability, MCF-7 and 231 breast cancer cells were exposed to the oils, and their major chemical components.

Individual essential oils and chemicals were diluted using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Cells were treated with dilutions ranging from 0.1 to 0.001% in triplicate. MTT cell viability assays were carried out following 48-hour treatment. Cell death was observed with all oils, with greatest death in the cells exposed to the highest concentrations of oils.

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THE IMPACT OF LASER TREATMENT ON BREAST CANCER CELL VIABILITY IN MDA-MB-231 AND MCF-7 CELL LINES Biology Author(s): Alexander J. Cardascio and Dr. Jennifer Schroeder Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Jennifer Schroeder Millikin University Abstract/Description: Breast cancer can be a devastating diagnosis, and annually over 240,000 women in the United States are faced with this disease. This prognosis is not always good, with about 1 in 6 of all diagnosed women dying from this disease. Currently, the two non-surgical forms of treatment for cancer patients are chemotherapy and radiation. However, both of these methods have limitations to their effectiveness as they have many detrimental side effects. New cancer treatments are focused on directly treating the targeted tissue without harming normal tissue. One of these novel treatments, in development at Millikin, involves the use of liposomes to encapusulate cancer-fighting drugs. One challenge to this method is determining how to open the liposomes after they are injected into the body, without causing further damage to healthy tissue. This study investigates the effects laser treatment has on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer

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cells. Trials were performed at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minute time periods. Resazurin and MTT assays were utilized to determine the amount of cell death caused by the laser treatment. Differences were observed in the amount of cell death the laser treatment caused between the two cell lines, with MCF-7 cells being affected more than the MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, the findings of this project support the use of lasers as a potential method for opening liposomes for breast cancer treatment.

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THE IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE ON AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR BETWEEN THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS, AND THE GOLDFISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS Biology Author(s): Alexander J. Cardascio and Dr. Marianne Robertson Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Marianne Robertson Millikin University Abstract/Description: Climate change is responsible for many changes in the Earthís environment, such as increasing water temperatures.

In nature, different organisms inhabiting heterogeneous environments tend to differ in their competitive abilities based on their environmental stressors. Therefore, a change in an organismís habitat provides the potential for non-native species to inhabit novel environments. We examined the effects of temperature on competitive interactions between mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and goldfish, Carassius auratus. Goldfish originated in China, and mosquitofish originated in North America. Both species are invasive world-wide; however, goldfish were introduced to many areas before mosquitofish. We compared the tendency of each species to approach heterospecifics and examined the differences between each species in the number of aggressive interactions displayed during a ten minute observation period at three different water temperatures (19, 24, and 29 degrees Celsius). We observed differences in the number of aggressive interactions between the two species in each water temperature P. 33

2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

and analyzed the behavioral data using a General Linear Mixed Model. Data suggest mosquitofish may heavily impact goldfish, especially in warmer months, throughout the year. Globally increasing water temperatures may have a profound impact on species that have the ability to tolerate higher water temperatures and further research needs to be conducted to investigate these interactions in other species.

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OPERANT CONDITIONING IN RESPONSE TO A NEGATIVE SHOCK STIMULUS IN MEALWORM BEETLES, TENEBRIO MOLITOR (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) Biology Author(s): Emerick Fulton and Dr. Marianne Robertson Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Marianne Robertson Millikin University Abstract/Description: We examined whether mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor) could learn to associate a negative stimulus with one arm of a T-maze as evidenced by avoidance of that arm. Like other insects, T. molitor is capable of undergoing operant conditioning to a positive stimulus and has a working memory; however operant conditioning with a negative stimulus has not been examined in this species. For the control group (n = 16) we placed each beetle individually in a T-maze without the current applied to either arm.

For the experimental group (n=16) we placed each beetle individually in a T-maze with one arm having a 9-volt current applied to it. We ran 10 trials for each beetle with a 2-minute interval between trials to prevent fatigue.

An insignificant difference in the number of successes (choosing the side without the current) compared to failures (choosing the side of the maze with the current) was shown with no significant increase in successes over time. This indicated that the beetles did not learn to associate the negative stimulus with one arm of the maze and avoid it and did not show learning over time by avoiding the shock more often in the later trials.

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Biology

Biology

Author(s): Dillan Brown and Dr. Marianne Robertson

Author(s): Caitlin Sembach, Dr. Marianne Robertson and Dr. Travis Wilcoxen

CAN OLFACTORY CUES INFLUENCE SETTLING BEHAVIOR IN ISOPODS, ARMADILLIDIUM VULGARE (ISOPODA: ARMADILLIDIIDAE)?

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Marianne Robertson Millikin University Abstract/Description: The aggregation behavior of isopods like Armadillidium vulgare functions to limit desiccation, reduce metabolic rates. Aggregation may also function as a cooperative form of communication where A. vulgare relay the quality of their current habitat to conspecifics. Grouping is stimulated by social and physical interactions in addition to aggregation pheromones in the feces. We examined whether a lone conspecific would spend more time on the side of an arena with no previous isopod cues versus the side that previously held conspecifics but was absent any discriminating physical cues, such as disturbed earth or molts. We used a general linear model for data analysis.

Lone isopod movements across the median line decreased in the arenas that previously held occupants. Isopods spent more time on the side where previous conspecifics had been housed. Furthermore, the number of burrowing attempts increased in comparison to the controls which had no conspecific cues. These results support our hypothesis that a lone conspecific would prefer an area recently abandoned by conspecifics versus a previously unoccupied area. These data provide evidence of preference for in an area with chemical cues of conspecifics absent of any physical stimuli. Cues from conspecifics could indicate habitat quality.

CAN THE TERRESTRIAL ISOPOD ARMADILLIDIUM VULGARE (ISOPODA: ARMADILLIDIIDAE) DISPLAY OPERANT CONDITIONING TO AN ELECTRIC STIMULUS

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Marianne Robertson Millikin University Abstract/Description: We conducted this research to examine the level of cognitive abilities of the terrestrial isopod, Armadillidium vulgare. This enhances our understanding of learning in crustaceans and the environmental conditions that can impact learning. We examined operant conditioning with an electrical stimulus applied as negative reinforcement. To determine whether A. vulgare could learn to avoid a negative electrical stimulus, we used a T-maze. We applied no negative stimulus for control pill bugs, and we applied a shock to one arm of the maze for experimental pill bugs. Pill bugs did not learn to avoid the negative electrical stimulus; however, they showed increased preference for the left arm regardless of treatment. Pill bugs may be incapable of operant conditioning. Alternatively, thigmotaxis may have resulted in low turn variation, or pill bugs may have habituated to the stimulus.

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laboratory conditions. Isopod aggregation and sheltering behavior have been observed under fluorescent and color filtered light, but UV light conditions have not been examined.

Visible light is composed of wavelengths 400-700 nm, and UV light is composed of both UVA (315-400 nm) and UVB (280-315 nm) spectras. Our objectives are to observe the aggregation and sheltering behaviors of terrestrial isopods under fluorescent light and under fluorescent light with added UV conditions. We randomly assigned Armadillidium vulgare into 15 groups of 10 individuals. We housed each woodlouse individually and released each group of ten individuals into a 14.3 cm diameter x 1 cm height arena with a 2.5 cm diameter circular piece of black paper taped to the top middle of the lid. This served to block light in a portion of the arena and thus serve as a shelter. We hung lights 80 cm above the arenas from ring stands. We recorded sheltering and aggregation behaviors every 15 minutes for 45 minutes. We analyzed data using a General Linear Mixed Model.

Individuals aggregated in more dense groups and were less active under the UV conditions than those exposed to only fluorescent.

Sheltering occurred in both treatments.

Aggregation and shelter choice are socially selected, reflective of their negatively phototactic nature.

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THE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE ON SPATIAL LEARNING IN GOLDFISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS (CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE)

AGGREGATION AND SHELTERING BEHAVIOR OF ARMADILLIDIUM VULGARE (ISOPODA: ARMADILLIDIIDAE) GROUPS EXPOSED TO FLUORESCENT & UV LIGHT

Biology

Biology

Abstract/Description: An increase in pharmaceutical dumping and water treatment plantsí inability to filter all contaminants negatively impact many fish populations. Goldfish are known to exhibit spatial learning, but the effect of caffeine on spatial learning has not been explored.

Our objective was to determine whether the levels of caffeine found in nature effect spatial learning in goldfish, Carassius auratus.

We conducted research with a control group

Author(s): Aundrea N. Marsh and Dr. Marianne Robertson Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Marianne Robertson Millikin University Abstract/Description: Terrestrial isopods are gregarious invertebrates, aggregating in colonies in both natural and

Author(s): Cooper Collings and Dr. Marianne Robertson Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Marianne Robertson Millikin University

of 15 goldfish under no drug influence and an experimental group of 15 goldfish under the influence of 8.5 ug/L of caffeine. We tested each goldfish in an x-shaped maze with the correct choice (arm) colored green as a visual cue. We recorded each goldfishís individual time and number of incorrect choices for 10 separate trials per fish. We tested goldfish individually three times a day at 0700, 1300, and 1900 until 10 trials were reached. We used a Repeated Measures Anova to analyze the time required to choose the correct arm and a Freedmanís test to analyze the number of incorrect choices. The control group did exhibit spatial learning, but the group exposed to caffeine did not. Inadequate screening of water through treatment plants that dump into streams could cause the inability for goldfish to learn spatially.

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EFFECT OF PARTIAL BLINDNESS ON THE HUNTING ABILITY OF PARDOSA MILVINA (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE) IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT Biology Author(s): Douglas Sherrill and Dr. Marianne Robertson Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Marianne Robertson Millikin University Abstract/Description: Spiders are predatory arthropods with hunting strategies that vary between species.

We examined the role of the different eyes in prey capture by the wolf spider (Lycosidae) Pardosa milvina. This family contains sightbased active hunters. Lycosid eyesight has been studied, but not in a comparative manner under partial blindness conditions.

We observed the hunting behavior of P. milvina under experimental conditions of partial blindness. We randomly assigned each individual to one of three groups of 15. Our first group was a control, with no alteration to their vision. We blinded the

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secondary eyes of the second group. The secondary eyes consist of the posterior and anterior lateral eyes, primarily used in motion tracking, and the posterior median eyes used in long distance focusing. We covered the primary (anterior median) eyes in my third group. The primary eyes are used in close range focusing. We conducted a trial on each group once every three days by pacing an individual in an arena (1.0 cm H x 14.3 cm diameter) for up to ten minutes with a flightless Drosophila fruit fly as prey.

We used a general linear mixed model to conduct our statistics for the trials to draw statistically significant conclusions as to how the hunting behavior of P. milvina was changed by being partially blinded. We did this by observing the number of attempts to capture, the distance to capture, the direction to capture, time to capture, and number of prior contacts.

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QUANTIFICATION OF LEAD IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS BIRDS OF PREY AND THEIR AVIAN PREY BASE Biology Author(s): Shelby Chesko, Dr. Travis Wilcoxen, Jane Seitz & Jacques Nuzzo Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Travis Wilcoxen Millikin University & Illinois Raptor Center Abstract/Description: Studies of raptors across the United States have revealed lead poisoning linked to human activities.

Lead has negative neurological and hematological impacts on birds. Although several steps have been taken toward solving this issue, ingestion of lead from the food raptors consume is potentially a much greater conservation issue than previously indicated. We collected blood samples from raptors admitted to the Illinois Raptor Center in Decatur, Illinois for rehabilitation from March 2014 to February 2017 and determined lead content with an ESA LeadCare II lead analyzer. We tested if lead toxicity appears with a frequency among species that differs from random.

After finding that non-scavenging species, such as Cooper’s Hawks, frequently showed high levels of lead, we also tested blood samples from common prey species in the area for lead. Lead toxicity does appear P. 35

2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

among species at a rate that differs from random, with scavengers representing the highest proportion of high lead individuals.

We also found that there was no significant association between Hunting Region 3 and 4, despite substantial differences in hunting activity. Further, we found evidence that lead is prevalent in the living prey base of many of these species, particularly in urban pigeons. Overall, our work provides better understanding of the sources of lead in multiple species of raptors, including these non-scavenger species.

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EFFECTS OF WATER ACIDIFICATION AND PATHOGEN EXPOSURE ON IMMUNE DEFENSE IN TWO SPECIES OF TADPOLES Biology Author(s): Mackenzie R. Peck and Dr. Travis Wilcoxen Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Travis Wilcoxen Millikin University Abstract/Description: Freshwater acidification, an issue largely linked to industrialization and human activity, threatens freshwater environments and the organisms that inhabit them. The combination of acidification and additional stressors already present in freshwater may increase the threat. We exposed Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) and American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles to acidified water and Aeromonas hydrophila, a common water bacterium and amphibian pathogen. We monitored development, growth, and immune defense among tadpoles from different treatments, and performed bacterial killing assays on whole blood samples from these tadpoles.

We found that neither acidity nor pathogen exposure, nor a combination of the two, had a significant effect on immune defense in O. septentrionalis, as measured by A. hydrophila killing ability, when considering varying Gosner developmental stages and snout-to-vent lengths. However, exposure to acidic conditions and/or A. hydrophila significantly decreased A. hydrophila killing ability in R. catesbeiana. Our results could hold implications towards the future

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of native species as a result of increased tolerance to environmental stressors in invasive species.

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EFFECTS OF SIMULATED TADPOLE TAIL PREDATION ON POST-METAMORPHIC PERFORMANCE IN CUBAN TREE FROGS (OSTEOPILUS SEPTENTRIONALIS) Biology Author(s): Nicole Koch and Dr. Travis Wilcoxen Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Travis Wilcoxen Millikin University Abstract/Description: Tadpoles have many predators in the wild and are able to escape from them because the structure of their tail allows for it to tear off if attacked. We examined the effects of tail damage in the early tadpole stages on the leaping and swimming abilities of Cuban tree frogs after metamorphosis. We obtained 120 Cuban tree frogs, and to simulate predation, we cut off a piece of the top of the tadpole tails in one experimental group, cut off a piece of the bottom of the tadpole tails in the second experimental group, and did not make any cuts to tails of the control group. After tadpoles completed metamorphosis, they were subjected to a swimming endurance test and subsequent measurement of their leaping abilities. We found no significant effect of tail damage on the leaping abilities of frogs after metamorphosis. We also found no significant difference in body size at metamorphosis among our groups. We then replicated the experiment and tested tadpole corticosterone (CORT) levels to determine if they were stressed from the tail damage. We found significantly elevated CORT levels in tadpoles with tail damage compared to the tadpoles without tail damage. We conclude that the regeneration abilities of the Cuban tree frog tadpoles afford them the opportunity to survive minor predation events and recover with no apparent long-lasting ill effects even though they were physiologically stressed from the damage. These abilities likely contribute to the Cuban tree frogsí success as an invasive species throughout the Florida peninsula.

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EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTERONE ON INNATE AND ACQUIRED IMMUNITY IN NORTHERN LEOPARD FROGS (LITHOBATES PIPIENS)

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THE EFFECTS OF KINESIOLOGY TAPE ON ANKLE INSTABILITY: A REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS Biology

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EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM SULFATE ON STRESS PHYSIOLOGY OF WESTERN MOSQUITO FISH (GAMBUSIA AFFINIS)

Biology

Author(s): Jessica M. Taul and Dr. Travis Wilcoxen

Author(s): Rachael N. Weber and Dr. Travis Wilcoxen

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Travis Wilcoxen

Author(s): Elyse Schnabel and Dr. Travis Wilcoxen

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Travis Wilcoxen

Millikin University

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Travis Wilcoxen

Millikin University Abstract/Description: Stress is known to have far-reaching effects on vertebrate immune defenses; however, it remains unclear to what extent stress hormones, such as corticosterone (CORT), influence immune function in larval amphibians. The purpose of this study was to identify whether exogenous CORT has an effect on innate and acquired immunity of Northern Leopard tadpoles, Lithobates pipiens, when exposed to an opportunistic pathogen. We hypothesized that by elevating CORT, the tadpole immune defenses would be altered. In order to test innate and acquired immunity within the tadpoles, we conducted two experiments.

In the first experiment, we exposed one group to exogenous CORT and maintained a control group without exogenous CORT, with neither exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). In the second experiment, we exposed all tadpoles to A. hydrophila, but again only exposed one group to exogenous CORT. We used a bacteria killing assay to assess innate immunity and an A. hydrophila ELISA to measure IgM and IgY antibodies generated in an acquired immune response.

We found that the CORT dosed tadpoles killed significantly more A. hydrophila than the control tadpoles. Alternatively, CORTdosed tadpoles had significantly lower IgM and IgY against A. hydrophila. Our findings suggest that stress has differential effects on innate and acquired immunity in larval Northern Leopard Frogs, and that isotype switching may not be fully developed in these primitive vertebrates.

Abstract/Description: Kinesiology tape (KT tape) was developed by Dr. Kenzo Kase to correct muscle function, improve blood circulation, decrease pain, and reposition subluxed joints. Even though these uses do not include helping stabilize the ankle, the effects of KT tape on ankle instability have been studied. Some of the many ways to assess ankle function and performance include the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS test), the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and the vertical jump test. Based on the uses of kinesiology tape, we hypothesized that KT tape would not affect ankle instability because it was not made to do so. A review was completed on 16 studies that were found to asses balance and thus ankle instability using KT tape. Of those 16 studies, three used vertical jump height as measurement to test KT tape on ankle instability and were included in a meta analysis. Across all three studies, 40 men were tested with no tape and KT tape. The 13 other studies used different tests or data could not be extracted from them. We found no significant effect of KT tape on vertical jump height. We concluded that KT tape does not have an effect on ankle instability.

This could be due to the overall small sample size. Because the effect size is so small, it is unlikely that the three studies alone were going to find a significant effect.

Biology

Millikin University Abstract/Description: Fertilizers can increase yield of crops but may have unintended negative effects on wildlife. We tested the effects of different concentrations of ammonium sulfate fertilizer on the stress physiology of Western mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis). The mosquito fish were exposed to different concentrations of ammonium sulfate fertilizer: 0 ppm, 40 ppm, and 80 ppm. Cortisol was collected after one week of exposure and again after two weeks of exposure via water extraction from each fish and quantified with an enzyme immunoassay. There was not a significant change in the amount of cortisol from week one to week two in the control group, but we found a significant increase in the amount of cortisol in the fish exposed to 40 ppm and 80 ppm from week one to week two. There was a not significant difference in survival between the fish exposed to 40 ppm and 80 ppm of ammonium sulfate, but each of those groups had significantly higher mortality than the control group. Overall, our results suggest that relatively low amounts of ammonium sulfate runoff into bodies of water are likely to have negative sublethal and lethal effects on small, live-bearing fishes.

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ASYMMETRICAL GROWTH AND FEATHER CORTICOSTERONE IN FOUR RAPTOR SPECIES. Biology Author(s): Emily Mihalkanin, Dr. Travis Wilcoxen, Jacques T. Nuzzo and Jane Seitz Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Travis Wilcoxen Millikin University & Illinois Raptor Center Abstract/Description: Though studies have been completed that examine how stress affects a birdís symmetrical growth over short periods of time, there have been comparatively fewer long-term measurements of how stress affects asymmetrical growth. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is known to occur as a product of poor early-life conditions and experience with persistent stressors. One way to assess stress levels in birds is to measure the amount of corticosterone (CORT) in bird feathers. Birds deposit CORT into their feathers when first growing the feathers as nestlings and also during molt, but they cannot deposit CORT after that feather is grown. We hypothesized that the greater degrees of FA will be correlated with more CORT in feathers. We also hypothesized that CORT levels would be positively correlated with a birdís current body condition. We assessed FA and measured feather CORT for 109 raptors of 4 different species admitted to the Illinois Raptor Center for rehabilitation.

Specifically, we studied Barred Owls (Strix varia), Cooperís Hawks (Accipiter cooperii), Great-horned Owls (Bubo virginianus), and Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). We found that for juvenile birds, feather CORT showed a positive, linear relationship with the asymmetry score. However, there was no significant relationship between CORT and asymmetry in adult birds. We also found that current body condition was not correlated with the amount of CORT in feathers, which ultimately supports the idea that feather CORT is indicative of stress during a specific point in time, and not reflective of condition outside of development or molt.

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SEROPREVELANCE OF WEST NILE VIRUS AND AVIAN POX IN THREE SUBPOPULATIONS OF GOLDEN EAGLE (AQUILA CHRYSEATOS) NESTLINGS. Biology Author(s): Paris Woods, Dr. Travis Wilcoxen and Cynthia J. Downs

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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARASITIC INFECTION AND NATURAL ANTIBODIES, AGE, AND SEX IN REDEARED SLIDER TURTLES (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA) Biology Author(s): Katie Stromsland and Dr. Laura Zimmerman

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Travis Wilcoxen

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Laura Zimmerman

Millikin University, Illinois Raptor Center & Hamilton College

Millikin University

Abstract/Description: Geographical location can play a major role in exposure to particular diseases. For nestling birds, which remain in a single location until they are mature enough to leave the nest, exposure to vectors cannot be avoided by moving to a new location, instead, immune defenses must be utilized to resist disease. In this study, nestling Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) blood was collected from three regions: California, Oregon, and Idaho to test for antibodies against West Nile Virus (WNV) and Avian Pox (AP). We hypothesized that WNV and AP will be more prevalent in each of these regions early in the breeding seasons. We used indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with plasma samples to test for immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies against each pathogen. The samples were collected from April 26, 2015 to July 8, 2015. Sixty of the ninety-six nestlings were sampled twice. Repeatability of the IgY against WNV was high, but was not nearly as high for AP. Birds within the same nest always had the same disease status. WNV was greater in California than in the other two regions, with AP being fairly evenly dispersed among the regions. There was no significant relationship between when the sample was collected and nestling disease status. The results of this experiment are useful in understanding disease dynamics and immunity within the same species in regions of the country.

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Abstract/Description: In comparison to other jawed vertebrates, reptiles typically have a broader and less vigorous immune response that relies more heavily on the innate component than the adaptive component of the immune system.

In order to compensate, it is believed that reptiles utilize natural antibodies (NAbs) as one method to fight various pathogens. This study will help us to better understand the role and function of these natural antibodies in reptiles in response to parasites; and furthermore, these natural antibodies will be analyzed in mucosal secretions.

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SYNTHESIS OF POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON CANCER CELLS Chemistry Author(s): Justin Thrall Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Anne Rammelsberg Millikin University Abstract/Description: Solid phase peptide synthesis was used to make the sequences RWW, WRW, WWR for an anticancer cell culture assay. These sequences were selected for their amount of tryptophan and arginine which was found to increase cell penetration. From previous testing, it was found that the purity and yield were low, so changes were made in the procedure. Peptides were made by connecting amino acids to Wang resin beads

with extensive rinsing between steps. After the chain was formed, trifluoroacetic acid removed the peptide from the resin. Peptides were purified by HPLC. The peptides formed were at a higher purity than previously tested and at approximately four times higher yield than previous methodology. These peptides did not show significant cancer cell death after application.

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SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS OF CELL PENETRATING PEPTIDES IN APPLICATION TO CANCER TREATMENT Chemistry Author(s): Kate Gebultowicz, Dr. Anne Rammelsberg, and Dr. Jennifer Schroeder Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Anne Rammelsberg Millikin University Abstract/Description: Polypeptide chains made up of amino acids arginine (R) and tryptophan (W) were synthesized using solid phase techniques to form the following sequences: RWR, WRR, and RRW. Using solid phase peptide synthesis, the research was more practical and efficient. Less solvent was used and various steps were modified to synthesize one of the shortest peptides of 3 amino acids. After solid phase peptide synthesis, a resazurin assay analyzed the MC-7 breast cancer cells viability with each peptide. A total of nine samples, three of each peptide, were run at 3 different concentrations:10000 nm, 1000 nm, and 100 nm. The percent viability of RWR at the previous concentrations were determined to have averages of 89.93%, 83.78%, and 83.95%, respectively. Of the three sequences synthesized, RWR had the least cell viability, which demonstrates that RWR can have anticancer cell activity with MC-7 breast cancer cells.

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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF 3D-PRINTED MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS Chemistry Author(s): Adam Peters and Dr. Kyle Knust Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Kyle Knust Millikin University Abstract/Description: 3D printed microfluidic devices are being studied and fabricated to produce functional devices for electrochemical testing at the undergraduate level. The availability of desktop 3D printers and modeling software allows for simple microfluidic devices to be processed. Techniques such as threading and extrusion processes are most utilized within Autodesk Inventor and are transferred as files to PreForm software from which it is printed using a Form 2 three-dimensional printer from FormLabs. The conceptual design is modeled using Autodesk Inventor 2017 into a 3D design for electrode integration. After the file has been uploaded to the Form 2 printer, the file is printed using stereolithography.

The print is then washed with an isopropyl alcohol solution and may be sanded and treated with an acrylic spray for optical transparency. This process is beneficial in comparison to traditional microfluidic fabrication techniques with respect to accessibility of the technology to create the devices, as well as the cost differential between the two fabrication processes.

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BIPOLAR ELECTROCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS FOR AN UNDERGRADUATE LABORATORY Chemistry Author(s): Sarah M. Rapp and Dr. Kyle Knust

Abstract/Description: Bipolar electrochemistry is focused around controlling objects inside an electric field.

Three experiments were performed to gain more knowledge on the specific topic. The experiments included pH water electrolysis, copper deposition, and electrochemiluminescence. The results obtained show that it is possible to control a BPE in various settings with no direct contact to a power source. These experiments are time efficient, cheap, and can be used with everyday objects. The objective is that the project designed can be integrated into the undergraduate level to help further the knowledge of undergraduate students on bipolar electrochemistry while being cost efficient.

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CONSTRUCTING AN OPTICAL TWEEZERS BENCH AND TRAPPING AEROSOL PARTICLES Chemistry Author(s): Cherese E. Hamp, Dr. Timothy Guasco and Dr. Kyle Knust Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Kyle Knust Millikin University Abstract/Description: We developed an optical tweezer system to trap and study aerosols at a fixed position where the laser light intensity is at a maximum. The arrangement of the optics bench was based on calculations and previous published literature. On an isolation table to minimize vibrational noise, a 532 nm laser was mounted at a fixed position. A pair of convex lenses were positioned and align along the light path to ensure collimated light throughout the optical system. Next, a Gimbal-mounted mirror was mounted to adjust the laser path toward a concave and convex pair of lenses that cause the light to converge on a dichroic mirror which reflects the laser to the microscope objective and trapping chamber. The custom built hollow chamber was prepared using computer-aided design software and a 3D printer. The chamber was mounted to a x, y, and z-micropositioner

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to allow alignment adjustments. Trapping was monitored using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera and an externally mounted light emitting diode (LED) with light collected through the trapping chamber and dichroic mirror. Using this home built optical tweezer setup, future experiments will be conducted to study seawater aerosol particles.

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FABRICATION OF LOW-COST LAB EQUIPMENT USING 3D PRINTING Chemistry Author(s): Samuel J. Rackovan and Dr. Kyle Knust Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Kyle Knust Millikin University Abstract/Description: Here, we report a method to prepare custom low-cost lab equipment using 3D printing. Utilizing open-source 3D models, lab equipment was fabricated with a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. In a layer by layer manner, FDM technology generates physical 3D models by heating and extruding plastic along specific coordinates.

After printing, designs such as a micropipette, that require multiple 3D printed parts and mechanical functionality, were assembled with commercially available parts. This procedure was used to make micropipettes, a micropipette holder, and a centrifuge tube holder. The home-built micropipettes were compared to commercial micropipettes by analyzing the precision of a specific aliquot volume. These experiments demonstrated the 3D printed micropipettes were not as precise as the commercial pipettes.

Consequently, the 3D printed micropipettes are not suitable for applications requiring high precision. However, the low-cost and ease of fabrication for the 3D printed micropipettes make them suitable for undergraduate laboratories where precision is not essential. Moreover, in an undergraduate lab, where micropipettes are often damaged, a 3D printed micropipette would allow replacement parts and pipettes to quickly re-enter service.

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Kyle Knust Millikin University P. 39

2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

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USING 3D PRINTING TO TEACH MICROFLUIDICS TO UNDERGRADUATE CHEMISTRY STUDENTS Chemistry Author(s): Uriah J. Walker and Dr. Kyle Knust Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Kyle Knust Millikin University Abstract/Description: Microfluidics is the science of manipulating fluids in small channels on the order of a micrometer. Microfluidics have been useful in several areas of science, including analytical chemistry. However, microfluidics is not typically taught at the undergraduate level due to the difficulty associated with preparing microfluidic devices. Commercial microfluidic chips can be purchased, but the prices of these devices are often prohibitive for an undergraduate lab. Here, we demonstrate a series of undergraduate laboratory experiments to introduce microfluidic concepts and applications.

To decrease the difficulty associated with microfluidic device preparation, the devices were modeled using computer-aided design software and then prepared utilizing a stereolithography 3D printer. The three experiments presented teach Laminar flow, which is a characteristic flow in microfluidics, and introduce two applications, separations and a colorimetric assay.

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EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS & HEATING ON THE WEAR RESISTANCE & MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF WIND TURBINE GEARBOX BEARINGS

Millikin University & 300 Below, Inc.

Millikin University & 300 Below Inc.

Abstract/Description: We explore modifications to the basic cryogenic procedures utilized by 300 Below, Inc. to strengthen 52100 steel, the type used to make wind turbine gearbox bearings. We consider the effects of additional heating before and after the standard cryogenic treatment and the application of ACsourced magnetic fields before and during the standard cryogenic treatment. We report on the wear-test performance and microstructural properties of samples that have undergone these additional processes and compare the results to those found for control samples and samples subjected to the standard cryogenic treatment alone.

Abstract/Description: Improving the reliability and profitability of green energy sources plays a crucial role in transitioning away from fossil fuels. As a means of making solar energy production more efficient, we consider the effects of cryogenically treating photovoltaic (PV) solar panels at 300 Below, Inc. We report on the pre- and post-cryo performance of two different types of solar panels, when they are exposed to the same, artificial light source. Then, using data provided by the Renewable Energy Test Center (RETC), we examine the effects of cryogenic processing upon the efficiency and degradation of monocrystalline silicon solar cells.

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THE EFFECTS OF CRYOGENICALLY TREATING TRANSFORMERS

Physics

Author(s): Andrea West, Takunda Jakachira, Whitley Sapp, Hunter Somers, Dr. Casey Watson and Peter Paulin

Author(s): Whitley Sapp, Dr. Casey Watson and Aaron Osman

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Casey Watson Millikin University & 300 Below, Inc. Abstract/Description: We consider the impacts of cryogenically treating electric transformers at 300 Below, Inc. We report on post-cryo improvements in resistance and efficiency, and discuss the financial and environmental ramifications of our findings for a cleaner, more efficient power grid.

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EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF CRYOGENIC PROCESSING ON PHOTOVOLTAICS Physics

Author(s): Takunda Jakachira, Whitley Sapp, Hunter Somers, Andrea West, Dr. Casey Watson and Peter Paulin

Author(s): Hunter Somers, Estefano Martinez, Dr. Casey Watson and Peter Paulin

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EXPLORING THE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF COLD IN-PLACE RECYCLING

Physics

Physics

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Casey Watson

30

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Casey Watson

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Casey Watson Millikin University & Dunn Company Abstract/Description: We explore the environmental benefits of the Cold In-Place Asphalt Recycling process offered by Dunn Company. Cold In-Place Recycling (CIR) operates at relatively low temperatures and largely uses raw materials that are already in place. After analyzing data in several categories relating to environment impact, we find that CIR significantly reduces carbon emissions and fuel consumption, relative to the conventional resurfacing process.

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PERIOPERATIVE GOALDIRECTED FLUID THERAPY USING THE CHEETAH STARLING™ SV: A PILOT STUDY Nursing Author(s): Mary Chierek Faculty Sponsor(s): Elizabeth Gephart, D.N.P. Millikin University Abstract/Description: Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) is a method of perioperative hemodynamic optimization that was established as a means for improving patient outcomes postoperatively through the optimization of cardiac output and oxygen delivery to tissues. The majority of complications that occur after surgical procedures result from an imbalance between the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues (DO2) and the amount of oxygen consumed by the tissues (VO2). The imbalance between DO2 and VO2 leads to tissue hypoperfusion (Ripolles-Melchor et al., 2016).

Goal-directed therapies comprise a spectrum of fluid management strategies that use hemodynamic monitoring modalities to guide the delivery of intravenous fluids, inotropes, and vasopressors.

The continuous monitoring of stroke volume and cardiac output intraoperatively may facilitate early resuscitation efforts to optimize tissue oxygenation, limiting tissue hypoxia, and reversing progression toward organ dysfunction which ultimately may enhance patient outcomes (Raue, Swierzy, Koplin, and Schwenk, 2009).

A pilot study was conducted in which a GDFT algorithm was utilized along with the Cheetah Starling™ SV to guide the administration of intravenous fluids and vasopressors. Certified registered nurse anesthetists were invited to participate in the trial and provide their feedback regarding GDFT and the Cheetah Starling™SV. Results of the survey indicate the CRNA participants agree that the GDFT algorithm as well as the Cheetah Starling™ SV was easy to use intraoperatively the integration of GDFT using the Cheetah Starling™ SV would be a favorable addition to anesthesia practice as it has the potential to greatly improve patient outcomes.

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HEALTHCARE WORKERS' ATTITUDES AND COMPLIANCE REGARDING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, AND THE USE OF SAFE ZONE Nursing Author(s): Francis A. Oke Faculty Sponsor(s): Mary Jane Linton, M.S.N., Ed.D., RN and John Blakeman M.S.N., RN Millikin University Abstract/Description: Healthcare-associated infections across healthcare facilities may result in increased morbidity and mortality. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as recommended by the CDC can help prevent these infections with improved patient outcomes. However, despite proven effectiveness of PPE, the reported findings for the compliance rate of healthcare workers (HCWs) for PPE is conflicting, and when reported, compliance is often found to be suboptimal. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to explore healthcare workersí attitudes towards and compliance with PPE. Methods: This study was conducted at a medium-size Midwestern acute care hospital. We carried out observations on one medical-surgical unit, one IMC unit, and one ICU unit. A cross-sectional, online survey measuring HCWís attitudes and selfreported use of PPE was administered. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, version 21. Standard descriptive statistics, reliability statistics (Cronbachís alpha), ANOVA, independent-samples t-tests, Chi-squared test, and Fisherís Exact test were utilized as appropriate. Results: A total of 74 individual observations were made on six separate days between July and August 2016. In total, 505 HCWs completed the survey. After review and grouping of data, 224 HCWs were included in the overall data analysis. Significant differences in observed adherence to PPE were noted between LPNs/RNs and CNA/ techs, and between the medical-surgical unit and the IMC/ICU. Results suggest significant differences in attitudes and compliance between and among units and HCWs. Discussion/Conclusions/Implications: There is need for improvement in compliance with PPE and that differences among HCWs regarding attitudes towards and compliance with PPE likely exist.

| 24TH ANNUAL POSTER SYMPOSIUM

33

REDUCTION OF CENTRALLINE ASSOCIATED BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS BY IMPROVING SELECTION CRITERIA AND ADOPTING ALTERNATE METHODS Nursing Author(s): Shruthi Thopiah Faculty Sponsor(s): Sheryl Samuelson, Ph.D. R.N. Millikin University & Decatur Memorial Hospital Abstract/Description: Blood stream infections associated with catheters used to deliver medications are a major source of complications for patients and cost to the health care system. Central line catheters are inserted into blood vessels very close to the heart which may contribute to increaased infection susceptability. The purpose of this clinical change project is to improve patient outcomes by reducing rate of CLABSIs through the implementation of evidence based algorithm and selection criteria for decisions regarding alternate options for catheter insertion and site. This project has been developed in conjunction with the adoption of a new hospital protocol and includes plans for monitoring the effectiveness of the change in approach in order to ensure improved outcomes.

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FALL RATES IN RELATION TO NURSE STAFFING RATIOS Nursing Author(s): Jennifer Houser Faculty Sponsor(s): Julie Kennedy, M.S.N. Millikin University Abstract/Description: Background: In 2002 there was a survey done of physicians and the public, and they found that nurse under-staffing was ranked as one of the greatest threats to patient safety in hospitals all around the United States.

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

With this risk to patient safety more studies and intervention needs to be explored.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if there was a correlation between poor patient outcomes and the nurse staffing.

Poor patient outcomes can include many things, however in this review, inpatient falls were the main focus of patient outcomes. In the in-patient hospital population how does lower nurse to patient ratios compare with nurse to patient ratios affect fall rates?

Methods: A Literature review was conducted using CINAHL Complete, Pubmed, Cochrane libraries and Joint Commission website.

Findings: The combination of findings found an increase of fall rates linked to decreased staffing levels. Contrary, there is an association of increased RN and RN mix staffing to a decrease in patient adverse events.

Conclusion: Chest discomfort is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction and it is more likely to occur in men. Women are more likely to report fatigue and other uncommon symptoms. Both men and women can experience both common and uncommon symptoms during and prior to a myocardial infarction.

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Practice implications: The increase of associations between low nurse to patient staffing and falls raised alarms for change.

There is evidence provided that shows a decrease in inpatient falls and poor patient outcomes with an increase of staffing ratios.

FLOAT NURSES AND PATIENT QUALITY OF CARE

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Faculty Sponsor(s): Julie Kennedy, M.S.N.

35

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: MEN VS WOMEN Nursing Author(s): Megan Melchi, Kayleena Jones and Chelsea Fleming Faculty Sponsor(s): Julie Kennedy, M.S.N. Millikin University Abstract/Description: Background: This study compares the difference in symptoms of myocardial infarction reported between men and women. The importance of this study is to help educate nursing professionals to the many symptoms patients can report that may indicate myocardial infarction.

Methods: A literature review, using CINAHL, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Google, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, and The Cochrane Library was conducted. Multiple search terms and combinations were used to obtain results.

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Review of Evidence: Symptoms of myocardial infarction vary in severity and occurrence. These symptoms can include chest discomfort that radiates or does not, fatigue, diaphoresis, sleep disturbances, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, indigestion, body pain, anxiety, and syncope as well as other symptoms.

Nursing Author(s): Morgan Ashby and Tatiana Kozal

Millikin University Abstract/Description: The current nursing shortage has greatly increased the demand for nurses. In order to meet patient needs, nurses are being forced to float to other units that are not their home unit. Nurse dissatisfaction and a decrease in proper nursing care has become a result of this issue. The purpose of this study is to determine if patients experience a difference in quality of care when assigned a float nurse. Quality of care is defined as the degree of health care services for individuals in populations that increase the likelihood of health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge. A literature search will be performed in CINAHL, PubMed and ProQuest using key words: patient safety, nursing attitudes, and float pool nurses. Articles will be evaluated based

A NURSE’S STRESSORS: PREVENTING COMPASSION FATIGUE AND BURNOUT Nursing ---------------------------------------on strength and level of evidence.

37

INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE OPIOID ABUSE IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT Nursing Author(s): Katelyn Rogers and Miranda Ennis Faculty Sponsor(s): Julie Kennedy, M.S.N. Millikin University Abstract/Description: The objective of this project was to evaluate and promote the highest quality evidence for nursing interventions to reduce frequent drug abuse in Emergency Departments across the United States. The research for this project was obtained through three data bases (CINHAL, Pubmed and Google Scholar) with a collection of search terms. Research has shown that opioids are easily accessible in Emergency Departments. Among all adult ED patients with pain related complaints, approximately 43% are administered an opioid analgesic, and 26% receive a discharge prescription for an opioid during pain related Emergency Department visits.

Evidence suggests that the most effective interventions are nurse driven programs that address any untreated mental health or substance abuse issues. These nurses can assist in finding resources for basic needs and providing education on alternatives to the use of opioid pain prescriptions.

Nurses play a key role in the management of opioid abuse and addiction because of the good rapport they build with patients. This increases trust and as result, patients often disclose more pertinent information on past opioid abuse.

Author(s): Hayley Salefski and Rachel Garrett Faculty Sponsor(s): Julie Kennedy, M.S.N. Millikin University Abstract/Description: The population as a whole is quickly aging, and this is placing more strain on the healthcare system. Nurses play a vital role in patient care and management. The growing need for nurses has placed a physical and emotional burden on the current nurses.

Compassion fatigue and burnout rates are increasing due to these added demands.

Both nurses and hospitals need to take responsibility for the physical and mental well being of their nurses. The population as a whole utilizes maladaptive and adaptive coping styles in different situations. We will discuss the importance of adaptive coping mechanisms to battle compassion fatigue and burnout in nurses.

A review of literature was created through the use of CINAHL and PubMed using the search terms compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion in nursing, and coping strategies. The articles chosen focused on coping strategies that can be utilized by nurses and hospitals to prevent compassion fatigue and burnout. Additional studies need to be performed to see the long term effects of the coping strategies used.

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TRANSITIONING NOVICE NURSES INTO PRACTICE Nursing Author(s): Erin Bradshaw and Jessica Richardson Faculty Sponsor(s): Julie Kennedy, M.S.N. Millikin University Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine

the importance of new graduate nurse (NGN/NGRN) and novice nurse retention.

We conducted a search of various databases (Proquest, CINHAL, and PubMed), using numerous key search terms. The search resulted in 5,734 articles. After reviewing the abstracts, along with the inclusion and exclusion criteria 9 articles were further reviewed. The research concludes that new nurse retention could lower training expenses for hospitals, increase patient care and outcomes, and help to reverse the nurse shortage.

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THE BENEFITS OF MUSIC THERAPY ON DEMENTIA PATIENTS IN LONGTERM CARE Nursing Author(s): Rhiannon Carel Faculty Sponsor(s): Julie Kennedy, M.S.N. Millikin University Abstract/Description: Dementia is a life changing and debilitating disorder that causes a loss of memory and other mental abilities, along with other symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoia, wandering, irritability, personality changes, and mood swings. With no current hope for cure, a diagnosis of dementia is devastating for both the patient and the family.

Psychotropic medications are currently the mainstay of treatment, although they have not been proven to be especially effective in many cases. This is why it is important to couple pharmacological therapy with nonpharmacological treatments such as music therapy. This study specifically explores the benefits of music therapy on dementia patients in longterm care.

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THE HAIRY DILEMMA: SHAVING MORE THAN WE KNOW Psychology Author(s): Trista Smith, Samantha Bies, Dayja Vallango, Madison Burress, and Catera Hubert

| 24TH ANNUAL POSTER SYMPOSIUM

Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Melissa Scircle and Dr. Linda Collinsworth Millikin University Abstract/Description: Previous research has shown that 99.71% of women report having removed some of their body hair at some point in their lives. Qualitative data reports suggest that they do so because pubic hair is gross or unhygienic (Toerien, Wilkinson, & Choi, 2005). Some research has looked at the qualitative factors of hair removal in women, but has not conducted quantitative analyses on males and females. Yet other research suggests that people are not always aware of the true causes of their behavior (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977). The present study aims to find social antecedents for body hair removal.

College student participants completed questionnaires concerning their attitudes toward hair removal, attitudes toward gender roles (Waszak, Severy, Kafafi, & Badawy, 2000), self-perceived masculinity and femininity (Bem Sex Role Inventory 12; Carver et al., 2013), ambivalent sexism (Glick and Fiske, 1996), their own feminist identity (Morgan, 1996), and the importance of their own sexual and gender identity. Although some may remove hair due to feeling ‘gross’ or ‘unhygienic’, we propose that the true causes for hair removal are societal factors.

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THE BATTLE OF SHILOH History Author(s): Emily Wunnenberg, Matthew Nalefski, Taylor Hagerdorn, Megan Owens, Morgan McKee, Blake Knox, Seth Throneburg and Brianna Speed Faculty Sponsor(s): Dr. Dan Monroe Millikin University Abstract/Description: We want to introduce to you our experiences at Shiloh Tennessee’s history. Shiloh Tennessee 1862, was a site of one of the most famous battle’s in the Civil War. History and Political Science club had the honor of attending to the 150th anniversary candle light vigil of the event and touring the battleground. We can’t wait to share with you our findings and insider scoop on the battle at Shiloh.

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2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

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BENEFITS AND SERVICES FOR IMMIGRANTS IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO Political Science Author(s): Hadisa Wali Faculty Sponsor(s): Amber Lusvardi Millikin University Abstract/Description: Benefits and Services for Immigrants in Chicago Immigrants come to the city of Chicago with a lot of stories and with different backgrounds. As in recent years, there are many immigrant families from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan came to the city, they want to have a better life and education with their family. The city of Chicago, government organizations, homeland security office and Refugee centers paid attention and provided temporary help and services for immigrants, like cash, medical cards, and food cards.

However, the programs and services are not for a longer period of time to meet their greater needs, in-order to improve their life, and to not stay below poverty line.

Urbanite Chicago is home for a number of immigrant communities live in Chicago and they all live with help of refugee centers and food cards for a few months. Immigrants live in Chicago have some resources from the government, but it does not fulfill their needs. Government like state and homeland security, refugee centers, and local agencies provide programs and help to all immigrants, they use it but it is not enough to make their lives better.

Chicago is relevant to this issue of immigrant’s needs and benefits, because Chicago has a rich history of immigration.

This city has the most diverse immigration population in the country, compare to many other cities in America.

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| 24TH ANNUAL POSTER SYMPOSIUM

2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

| 24TH ANNUAL POSTER SYMPOSIUM

Poster Symposium Shilling Hall

THIRD FLOOR 31 // 33 // 35 // 37 // 39 32 // 34 // 36 // 38 // 40

SECOND FLOOR 20 // 22 //

// 24 // 26

21 // 23 //

// 25

FIRST FLOOR

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NURSING (31 - 40) PSYCOLOGY (41) HISTORY (42) POLITICAL SCIENCE (43)

41 // 43

CULTURAL FAIR

42 //

CHEMISTRY (20 - 26) PHYSICS (27 - 30)

STUDENT PUBLISHING TABLE

27 // 29 28 // 30

BIOLOGY (1 - 19)

1 // 3 // 5 // 7 // 9 // 11

13 // 15 // 17 // 19

2 // 4 // 6 // 8 // 10 // 12

14 // 16 // 18

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Presentation Schedule 12:00 PM

11:45 AM

11:30 AM

11:15 AM

11:00 AM

10:45 AM

10:30 AM

10:15 AM

10:00 AM

9:45 AM

9:30 AM

9:15 AM

9:00 AM

8:45 AM

8:30 AM

8:15 AM

8:00 AM

MORNING

ART

SH312

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE

SH320

BIOLOGY

LTSC001

COMMUNICATION CULTURAL FAIR EDUCATION ENGLISH

SH HALLWAY SH303 KH

ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTER ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SCO211, SCO212

EXERCISE SCIENCE & SPORT HISTORY HONORS FRESHMAN FOCUS

SH327, SH318, SH319

HURF LONG-VANDERBURG SCHOLARS MODERN LANGAGES

SH302, SH310 SH422

NURSING

LTSC108

PHYSICS

LTSC001

PHILOSOPHY

SH418

POLITICAL SCIENCE POSTER SYMPOSIUM POSTER AWARDS SOCIOLOGY

SH412

STALEY LIBRARY TABOR SCHOOL OF BUSINESS THEATRE

SCO207, SCO208 AT

2017 CELEBRATIONS OF SCHOLARSHIP

| PRESENTATION SCHEDULE

5:00 PM

4:45 PM

4:30 PM

4:15 PM

4:00 PM

3:45 PM

3:30 PM

3:15 PM

3:00 PM

2:45 PM

2:30 PM

2:15 PM

2:00 PM

1:45 PM

1:30 PM

1:15 PM

1:00 PM

AFTERNOON

ART SH320

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE BIOLOGY COMMUNICATION

SH418 SH HALLWAY

CULTURAL FAIR

SH303

EDUCATION ENGLISH

SH317

ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTER

SH320 SCO211, SCO212

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SH303

EXERCISE SCIENCE & SPORT HISTORY

SH412

HONORS FRESHMAN FOCUS SH418

HURF LONG-VANDERBURG SCHOLARS

SH302, SH310

MODERN LANGAGES NURSING PHYSICS PHILOSOPHY SH409

POLITICAL SCIENCE

SH HALLWAY

POSTER SYMPOSIUM

AT

POSTER AWARDS SOCIOLOGY

SH320

STALEY LIBRARY

SCO207

TABOR BUSINESS THEATRE

SH - Shilling Hall • SH Hallway - Hallway of Shilling Hall • LTSC - Leighty-Tabor Science Center AT - Albert Taylor Theatre • SCO - ADM-Scovill Hall • PMC - Perkinson Music Center • KH - Kaeuper Hall