Cosmic Dream 2

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Heaven &Earth

Shade from

Cosmic Only a few objects in Earth’s nighttime sky emit or reflect enough light to trigger our retinas’ color-sensitive cones.

The red planet Mars can do it. So can the blue supergiant star Rigel (Orion’s left kneecap) and the red supergiant Betelgeuse (Orion’s right armpit).

But aside from these standouts, the pickings are slim. To the unaided eye, space is a dark and colorless place.

Not until you aim large telescopes at it does the universe show its true colors. Glowing objects such as stars come in shades of red, white, and blue--a cosmic fact that would have pleased the Founding Fathers. Interstellar gas clouds can take on practically any color at all, depending on which chemical elements are present, whereas a star’s color follows directly from its surface temperature: Cool stars are red. Tepid stars are white. Hot stars are blue. Very hot stars are ... still blue. How about very, very hot places, like the 15,000,000 [degrees] center of the Sun? Blue. To an astrophysicist,

red-hot foods and red-hot lovers both leave room for improvement. It’s just that simple.

Or is it?

A conspiracy of astrophysical law and human physiology just about rules out the existence of green stars. How about yellow stars? Some astronomy textbooks, many science fiction stories, and nearly every person on the street belong to the Sun-Is-Yellow Movement. Professional photographers, however, would swear the Sun is blue; daylight film is color balanced on the expectation that the light source (presumably the Sun) is strong in the blue part of the spectrum. The old blue-dot flash cubes were just one example of the attempt to simulate the Sun’s blue light for indoor shots when using daylight film. On the other hand, painters with loft studios consider sunlight to be pure white, offering them the most accurate possible view of their pigments.

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ed. The most emotionally intense color, red stimulates a faster heartbeat and breathing. It is also the color of love. Red clothing gets noticed and makes the wearer appear heavier. Since it is an extreme color, red clothing might not help people in negotiations or confrontations. Red cars are popular targets for thieves. In decorating, red is usually used as an accent. Decorators say that red furniture should be perfect since it will attract attention.

David Birnbaum

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the

Kiss Earth

Walk and touch peace every moment.

Walk and touch happiness every moment.

Each step brings a fresh breeze.

Each step makes a flower bloom.

Kiss the Earth with your feet.

Bring the Earth your love and happiness.

The Earth will be safe when we feel safe in ourselves.

David Birnbaum

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Path of

Moon sky across the

Does the Moon follow the same path across the sky as the Sun? As Earth orbits the Sun each year, the Sun appears to cross in front of more than a dozen constellations. As observers on a nearly circular path that takes 365 days to complete, we find the Sun moves approximately 1° per day against the background stars.

This movement defines a line, called the ecliptic, around the celestial sphere. The ecliptic is inclined 23.5° to the celestial equator because this is the amount Earth’s rotation axis is tilted relative to its orbit.

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Now if you gaze up to the moon See she’s become as blood and soon The time is right: We gotta pave the way

Under the

Moon

You gather silk to weave the net Entrap the strongest you can get A soul that’s ready to return again See the purity shining from his eyes A newborn angel To help the chosen ones rise Blood red prophet in the sky We’re standing under the moon Come down with fire See the creature come alive Standing under the moon Come down with fire Down with fire Down with fire Good intentions raise a mind A new messiah to judge the blind Kill off the fools Who bar my pure and holy plan We lead creation by the nose To bring divinity to those Who know tonight a golden age begins Divine is the spirit Into a terrestrial shell A savior of human blood Lead us to somewhere To heaven or hell Blood red prophet in the sky…

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Green Fire In The

Sky

As solar activity ramps up again, more sights light this are lighting up the skies over the South Pole.

Like its more well known cousin in our northern hemisphere “aurora borealis”, this “aurora australis” forms over the southern polar region.

This out of world cool photo comes from the International Space Station crew on May 29, 2010.

So what gives with the green color?

NASA says the differences in color are due to “excited” oxygen atoms near the .558 micrometers wavelength.

This is actually the most common color for most auroras though we do see others in red, bluish and purple tones when associated with longer wavelengths.

Scientists say the Sun is slowly awakening out of a prolonged “solar minimum” period known for a lack of sunspots (think solar storms). As sunspots/solar activity ramps up - more light displays are likely to come possibly far enough south to be seen in Northern California during the next 12 year cycle. The downside, strong solar storms could bring troubles for satellites and even the ISS itself. Something our world of 3G/4G, ATMs and power grids may not appreciate much in the coming years.

Equally as excited for next year’s “Green Lantern” movie starring Ryan Reynolds, which is what he thought this photo was originally intended for until he saw the NASA logo.

Planet Earth, my home, my place A capricious anomaly in the sea of space Planet Earth are you just Floating by, a cloud of dust A minor globe, about to bust A piece of metal bound to rust A speck of matter in a mindless void A lonely spacship, a large asteroid

Planet Earth

Cold as a rock without a hue Held together with a bit of glue Something tells me this isn`t true You are my swweetheart soft and blue Do you care, have you a part In the deepest emotions of my own heart Tender with breezes caressing and whole Alive with music, haunting my soul.

In my veins I`ve felt the mystery Of corridors of time, books of hisotry Life songs of ages throbbing in my blood Have danced the rhythm of the tide and flood Your misty clouds, your electric storm Were turbulent tempests in my own form I`ve licked the salt, the bitter, the sweet Of every encounter, of passion, of heat Your riotous color, your fragrance, your taste Have thrilled my senses beyond all haste In your beuaty, I`ve known the how Of timeless bliss, this moment of now

Planet Earth are you just Floating by, a cloud of dust A minor globe, about to bust A piece of metal bound to rust A speck of matter in a mindless void A lonely spacship, a large asteroid Cold as a rock without a hue Held together with a bit of glue Something tells me this isn`t true You are my swweetheart gentle and blue Do you care, have you a part In the deepest emotions of my own heart Tender with breezes caressing and whole Alive with music, haunting my soul.

Planet Earth, gentle and blue With all my heart, I love you

David Birnbaum

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Looking

Deep into

Galaxies Today’s telescopes allow astronomers to probe deep into the active inner regions of galaxies and see far back in time to the periods of momentous upheaval in the early universe. At this year’s International Astronomical Union (IAU) conference in Manchester, attention focused on new highresolution studies of some of the most energetic objects known to exist.

Around a billion years ago, at a redshift of about 5, the first galaxies started to agglomerate. They were very different from the galaxies we see around us today.

During this period of intense activity, quasars released extraordinary amounts of energy into the interstellar medium, outshining galaxies of hundreds of billions of stars. These quasi-stellar objects are thought to be associated with the growth of big black holes in the inner parts of the first galaxies. Quasar activity is seen to peak at a redshift of around 3 - the same time at which bulges start to form in the centres of spiral galaxies.

“Astronomers are looking to establish new collaborations with research labs

such as CERN and Fermilab,” the new president of the IAU Franco Pacini told CERN Courier. Pacini is a great believer in the importance of increasing the ties between particle physics and astronomy. He points to many key areas of research that will benefit from combined efforts. “Neutrino experiments are getting bigger and bigger,” he said. “Many physicists are already involved in gamma-ray astronomy.”

The two communities should share knowledge of new advances in detector technology, and the organization of large experiments.

Research into fundamental cosmological values and the formation and evolution of stars will also benefit from new collaborations. “Dark matter was discovered by astronomers,” Pacini added. “Now, to find out what it is, is up to the physicists.” The IAU is setting up a working group on particle astrophysics within its division on high-energy astrophysics. He promised that by the next IAU meeting, in Sydney in 2003, the working group will be in place and more joint projects will be underway.

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May Help Explain Variety Among Galaxies A halo-like cosmic structure around a well-known spiral galaxy may help uncover clues into the formation of galaxies, though it has also raised new questions over how the galaxy differs from our own Milky Way. The Subaru telescope’s detectors can pick up light in the night sky that is more than 100 times fainter than what can be seen by the unaided human eye. That sensitivity allowed the telescope to spot individual stars, observe enough of them to identify what could be M81’s halo, and analyze its physical properties.

A galaxy’s halo of stars is usually spherical in shape and appears to extend beyond the galaxy’s main disk. By studying the differences in this extended structure in M81, when compared to the Milky Way’s halo, astronomers can analyze the variations in the birth histories of different spiral galaxies.

So far, the findings of the Subaru telescope defy exact classification of M81’s extended structure as a halo in the traditional sense. And while the spatial distribution of its stars resembles the Milky Way’s halo, M81’s “halo” also differs from the Milky Way’s in other respects.

Measurements of the total light from all of M81’s stars, and analysis of their colors, point to estimates that M81’s “halo” could be several times

by SPACE.com Staff

brighter and contain more processed materials – nearly twice as much mass in the form of metals (all elements heavier than helium), than the Milky Way’s halo.

Astronomers hope to use observations of both galaxies to determine how the differences between them arise and decide if the fundamental definition of a galactic halo needs to be updated.

M81 is one of the largest galaxies in the M81 Group, a group of 34 galaxies located toward the Ursa Major constellation. Located 11.7 million light-years away from Earth, it is one of the closest groups to the Local Group, which is the collection of galaxies that includes our own Milky Way. The most prominent of the existing models predicts that galaxies are built up when they merge with many other smaller galaxies that orbit within their gravitational sphere of influence. This rather chaotic growth leaves behind a halo of stars around massive spirals like in the Milky Way. The differences between the Milky Way’s halo and the structure around M81 add more support to the growing body of evidence that the outer structures of apparently similar galaxies are actually much more important and complex than they had previously thought, Subaru telescope astronomers said in a statement.

Diamonds are the hardest substance on earth. They are more brilliant than any other natural gem. Their sparkling fire, durability, and rarity make them the most prized of gems.

The most popular diamonds are colorless. However, most diamonds have a light tint, usually yellowish or brownish.

Yellow diamonds as of recently have gained popularity and are commonly available. Perfectly clear diamonds are much more valuable than tinted diamonds. Very rarely, diamond occurs in deep hues of red, blue, and green. Such diamonds, known as “fancies”, are extremely valuable.

Diamonds are the most lustrous of true gems. They have a brilliant luster, and also exhibit dazzling color flashes known

Color Diamond The of

as “fire”. This is caused by dispersion, where light enters the diamond and splits into the colors of the spectrum.

Only 20 percent of mined diamonds are used in jewelry, as most are unsuitable. A flawless diamond is exceptional; even diamonds used as gems contain flaws. A grading system, instituted by the GIA (Gemological Institute of America), was implemented to evaluate diamonds based on their clarity. Three additional evaluation systems were devised by the GIA. This leads to four attributes, known as “the four C’s”, in which diamonds are evaluated: Color, Cut, Clarity, Carat weight.

The color of diamond is graded on an alphabetical scale ranging from D to Y. This scale measures the color saturation, ranging from absolutely colorless to deep yellow (or yellowbrown). D is bright white -- not a hint any other color. Y is deep yellow or yellow-brown. The letters in-between D and Y indicate the color, depending on the amount of yellow. The bar below depicts the letter and the color saturation it represents.

(The bar is not limited to yellow; it may also be yellow-brown.)

The letter Z in the color grade of a diamond indicates that it is a fancy, or deep-colored diamond.

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Gateway to

Dimension another

If the big bang was created when two universes collided which is possibly the only way to get enough power to spawn an entire univers out of virtually nothing.

Also, it could be the point where universes are touching, or maybe more likely where this universe meets the void in between universes.

But the latter isn’t likely, because the vacuum in the void would suck everything into it.

The former also isn’t likely because imagine the energy needed and consumed to keep that gateway open! If there was actually a gateway, then it should be giving off almost

infinite amounts of energy.

But it could very much be just a point of origin where the big bang occured and no ‘gateway’ was created, because if it was created then it would be very detectable, and dangerous with the extremely large amounts of concentrated highdanger radiation given off.

So, I don’t think that it is a tear in the universe, but it could very much be where the big bang occured.

Also, don’t forget the moment the big bang disappated there wouldn’t be nearly enough energy to keep the gateway open.

David Birnbaum

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