The Classical Teacher - Winter 2024

Saving Western civilization one student at a time.

Winter 2024

Three Ways to Think About Athens and Jerusalem

by Martin Cothran

Jerusalem's Claim on Us

by Dr. Louise Cowan

The Transcendental Meditations of Marcus Aurelius

by Tracy Lee Simmons

What Hath Athens to Do With Jerusalem? Plenty.

by Martin Cothran

T

he expression "classical education" has been worked over pretty well in the last ten or twenty years. It's hard to blame people for thinking it's just a buzzword. Compounding the problem is the blizzard of seemingly different definitions of the term.

When you want to define something, the best way to do this is often not to define it at all, but to simply give an example of what the thing is—or, in the case of classical education, what it was. This can be accomplished simply by looking at the classical cultures and what they thought education was. And, as Christians, we also want to know what it looked like after it encountered the growing Christian culture into whose lap the classical cultures were thrown as the older civilizations fell and Christianity rose.

For the Greeks, education was the transmission of the values and ideals of its culture through the works that expressed them best. For them, this meant Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the great epic story of their national myth—of their confrontation with the Trojans (and, in the case of the hero Achilles, confrontation with himself).

This two-book epic told the Greeks who they were. It was their way of articulating to themselves what they valued and revered. The two great values of the Greeks were strength and intelligence. Achilles embodied the first, Odysseus the second.

The Romans admired Greek culture and in many ways imitated it. The wealthier Romans sent their children to boarding schools in Greece or had a Greek tutor teach their children at home.

Homeschooling, we quickly find out from reading history, was often the norm, not the exception.

The Romans, too, embraced strength and intelligence, but they had their own values as well.

These were also two: order and piety (piety being the order of the soul). These were expressed in the Romans' own epic, Virgil's Aeneid. Like Achilles for the Greeks, Aeneas embodied the Roman values. He fled the burning city of Troy, with his father on his shoulders and his family in tow, and founded the new Troy on the banks of the Tiber River. There, a civilization grew that, because of its values, was able to rule most of the known world for a thousand years.

For these two cultures, education simply meant passing the culture along to every succeeding generation.

But then something interesting happened. This classical culture, deriving from Athens and further cultivated by Rome, encountered a new thing—the culture of Christianity, which itself had its origin in the culture of the Jews.

The Christians did not reject the values and ideals of the ancient cultures as they were rightly understood. They viewed them as products of God's "natural" revelation, given to the Gentiles. But they added two supernatural values, which they considered to be primary, and which they had learned from God's direct revelation to the Jews: faith and obedience. This encounter between Athens and Jerusalem, the consummation of the classical values—true and good in their own right— in the theological values of Christian thought is what defines Western civilization. And it is these values and ideals that classical Christian education seeks to transmit to the next generation.

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Winter 2024 FEATURED ARTICLES

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Letter from the Editor by Martin Cothran What Should We Lose by Our Ignorance? by Sir R. W. Livingstone The Contemplative Reader by Leigh Lowe The Transcendental Meditations of Marcus Aurelius by Tracy Lee Simmons The Common Patrimony of All Mankind by Brian Lapsa

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Jerusalem's Claim on Us by Dr. Louise Cowan The Essential Ingredient of a Life in the Arts by Dr. Carol Reynolds Aesop, Truth, & Children by Cheryl Swope Three Ways to Think About Athens and Jerusalem by Martin Cothran What Is Classical Education For? by Peter Kreeft

CLASSICAL CORE CURRICULUM

CLASSICAL / CHRISTIAN STUDIES

39 40 46

28 30 32 36

Read-Aloud Programs Curriculum Packages and Supplements Curriculum Map Yearly Outlook

PRIMARY YEARS

70 72 74 75 78 79

61 62

Alphabet, Numbers, & Coloring Phonics & Reading Spelling

Classical Literature Christian Studies

Geography American Studies & Modern European History

SCIENCE & MATH

New American Cursive Penmanship

73 91

Arithmetic & Math Science & Nature

LOGIC & RHETORIC

Literature

87

Poetry Classical Composition, IEW, & English Grammar

LATIN, GREEK, & FRENCH

4 7 8 10 64 65

Dorothy Mills' Histories & Classical Studies Supplements

AMERICAN / MODERN STUDIES

Primary Enrichment & Character Building

LITERATURE, GRAMMAR, & WRITING

14 22 84

D'Aulaires' Greek Myths & Famous Men Series

ART & MUSIC

66

Prima Latina & Latina Christiana

67

Latin Forms Series Latin Supplements

70

Upper School Latin & AP Latin Greek

Traditional Logic, Material Logic, & Aristotle's Rhetoric

Professor Carol: Discovering Music, Exploring America's Musical Heritage, & Early Sacred Music A Classical History of Art, Art Posters & Cards, Creating Art, Reading Music, & Music Appreciation Primary Enrichment

RESOURCES

French

27 83

Resource Books, Memoria College Press, Pamphlet Series Memoria Academy

Hard Times (p. 19)

On Being Civilized (p. 27)

A Defence of Classical Education (p. 27)

The Great Gatsby (p. 19)

Reading Music (p. 67)

C. S. Lewis: A Critical Essay (p. 27)

NAC Teaching Charts (p. 78)

Traditional Spelling IV (p. 75)

Introduction to English Grammar (p. 4)

Traditional Spelling I Instructional Videos (p. 75)

We also have full-year curriculum packages for students with special needs.

Visit SimplyClassical.com for information or to sign up for the Simply Classical Journal. © Copyright 2024 (all rights reserved)

MEMORIA PRESS M e m o r ia P r e s s .c o m

Publisher | M e m o r i a P r e s s Editor | M a r t i n C o t h r a n Assistant Editor | D a y n a G r a n t

Managing Editor | T a n y a C h a r l t o n Copy Editor | E l l e n R . A n d e r s o n Graphic Designers | A i l e e n D e l g a d o & J e s s i c a O s b o r n e

MEMORIA AcAdEMy M e m o r ia A c a d e m y .c o m

Latin Prima Latina: An Introduction to Christian Latin

by Leigh Lowe | Grades 1-4 Prima Latina is a gentle introduction to Latin specifically designed for students and teachers with no Latin background. It teaches the basic parts of speech while introducing Latin, grounding students in the fundamental concepts of English grammar.

Each lesson includes five Latin vocabulary words and English $107.01 complete set (student, teacher, CD, videos, flashcards) derivatives, a Latin saying, a Latin prayer, and grammar exercises. $40.14 basic set (student, teacher, CD) If you are looking for additional Student $17.35 | Teacher $17.35 | CD $10.00 support in teaching your student, Videos $55.00 | Flashcards $16.75 the author, Leigh Lowe, has recorded detailed Instructional Videos for every lesson that are sure to delight your young students! Prima Latina transitions seamlessly into Latina Christiana.

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Introduction to English Grammar Grades 1-4 Student Workbook $11.50 | Teacher Key $8.95 Help students make connections between the Latin grammar they are learning in Prima Latina and English grammar with these single-page worksheets.

We highly recommend this companion book, which can also be used as a standalone review of English grammar to solidify concepts already learned if your student is not doing Prima.

Latina Christiana: An Introduction to First Form Latin

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 3-6 Begin your Latin study here or continue on from Prima Latina. Each lesson consists of a grammar form, ten vocabulary words, English derivatives to help build vocabulary, and a Latin saying that teaches students about their Christian and classical heritage.

The Teacher Manual includes a complete copy of the student book with overlaid answers, and provides detailed weekly lesson plans, comprehensive teaching instructions, tests, and weekly quizzes and keys.

Latina Christiana Review Worksheets Grades 3-6 L C

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Review Worksheets $11.50

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le x le g is

Review Worksheets Key $6.00

le g is la tu r e

$105.01 complete set (student, teacher, CD, videos, flashcards) $47.07 basic set (student, teacher, CD) Student $18.40 | Teacher $21.95 | CD $10.00 Videos $55.00 | Flashcards $16.75

We highly recommend Latina Christiana Review Worksheets as a companion to Latina Christiana.

Two pages of cumulative review for every lesson of Latina Christiana will ensure your students get weekly reinforcement of old and new concepts.

Latina Christiana Games & Puzzles Grades 3-6 Games & Puzzles $13.60 | Games & Puzzles Answer Key $6.00 In this activity book we've stuffed enrichment activities of every kind to help your students practice the vocabulary, grammar, and derivatives in Latina Christiana. Students will find hours of enjoyment playing Latin hangman, solving Latin crossword puzzles, and competing against each other in Latin picture games, while you can secretly delight in the fact that such "fun" work is actually worthwhile!

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Latina Christiana Grammar Charts Wall Charts (left) (33" x 17") (4 charts total) $22.00 Desk Charts (right) (8.5" x 11") (4 charts total) $14.65 All of the grammar forms from Latina Christiana are organized here in a clean, easy-to-read format that is a perfect visual aid for a classroom wall or student desk.

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MemoriaPress.com

Latin

Latin Forms Series

A grammar-based approach to learning Latin.

The Latin Forms Series is based on decades of teaching experience and use in private schools and homeschools around the world. First Form is the ideal text for all beginners, grades 5 and up, or is a great follow-up to Latina Christiana. The uniqueness of the Forms Series lies in two features: 1) A systematic, grammar-first approach to learning Latin that is suitable for the grammar stage student—and all beginners, regardless of age, are in the grammar stage of learning.

2) Extensive workbook exercises that ensure skill mastery and rapid recognition of inflected forms.

Our text and guides help every student (and teacher!) make sense of this difficult subject. A complete set includes: •

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34 two-page lessons in the Student Text are paired with 4-6 pages of Student Workbook exercises, weekly Quizzes, and unit Tests to make sure your students are mastering and retaining what they learn.

Latin Forms Series (First Form shown)

$136.16 complete set ea.

The Pronunciation CD and Flashcards provide constant practice of grammar forms and vocabulary.

(all 5 books, CD, videos, flashcards)

$75.01 basic set ea. (all 5 books + CD)

The scripted Teacher Manual and complete Teacher Key give even the most novice Latin teacher the tools to teach with confidence.

Instructional Videos in DVD or streaming format are also available, to bring the experience and expertise of a Highlands Latin School master teacher into your home.

Text $15.75 ea. | Workbook $17.35 ea.

Teacher Manual $13.60 ea. | Teacher Key $17.35 ea.

Quizzes & Tests $6.00 ea. | CD $10.00 ea. | Flashcards $16.75 ea.

Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $55.00 ea.

First Form Latin: Latin Grammar, Year One

Second Form Latin: Latin Grammar, Year Two

Third Form Latin: Latin Grammar, Year Three

Fourth Form Latin: Latin Grammar, Year Four

by Cheryl Lowe Grades 5+ (Grades 4+ if completed Latina Christiana)

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 6+

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 7+

by Cheryl Lowe & Michael Simpson Grades 8+

First & Second Form Latin Review Summer Review Courses

by Cheryl Lowe Grades 5+ Student $14.65 ea.

Key $11.50 ea.

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Students are prone to forget what they have learned from year to year—an especially detrimental loss for the Latin student. To prevent this, Memoria Press has developed these summer courses that feature vocabulary review, form drills, and other exercises, all designed to foster mastery and retention.

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Latin Supplements Prima Latina Copybook New American Cursive font Grades 1-4 $16.30 This Latin copybook in the New American Cursive font, featuring vocabulary practice and a page to copy each prayer in Prima Latina, is a great way to help your children practice their Latin while developing penmanship skills.

Latin Cursive Copybook Hymns & Prayers Grades 4-6 $16.30 Practice your cursive with Latin sayings and hymns and prayers from Latina Christiana, First Form Latin, and Lingua Angelica.

Latin Grammar Recitation Program Grades 4+ | $28.25 set (flashcards and handbook) Flashcards for every grammar form taught and recited in our Latin Forms Series and a handbook with a lesson-by-lesson schedule for coordinating with the recitations in First Form through Fourth Form.

Latin Recitation CD/DVD Grades 3+

CD & DVD $17.35 The entire Latin grammar, presented

by Cheryl Lowe.

CD is audio only; DVD includes visual grammar charts.

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Memoria Press Guides to the National Latin Exam

by Cheryl Lowe, Susan Strickland, and Jon Christianson Grades 5+ Introduction $11.50 Beginning Latin Exam (formerly Level I) $17.35 Intermediate Latin Exam (formerly Level II) $21.95 Intermediate Reading Comprehension Exam (formerly Level III) $21.95 These guides include the vocabulary, grammar, syntax, Roman history, culture, mythology, and geography commonly found on the National Latin Exam. When paired with previous exams, these guides are perfect preparation for the NLE.

Find samples and full product descriptions at MemoriaPress.com!

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Latin Supplements Roots of English Latin & Greek Roots for Beginners

by Paul O'Brien Grades 6-8 $23.05 An introduction to English vocabulary through a study of Latin and Greek roots.

The Book of Roots Advanced Vocabulary Building from Latin Roots

by Paul O'Brien Grades 8+ Student $26.20 Key $6.00 Your student will learn the definition and etymology of over 1,500 English derivatives, along with prefixes, suffixes, and supplemental Latin vocabulary lists.

Latin Forms Series Grammar Charts

Lingua Biblica: Old Testament Stories in Latin

by Martin Cothran Grades 9+ Student $21.95 Teacher $21.95

Wall Charts (33" x 17")

Desk Charts (8.5" x 11")

First Form (4 charts) $22.00

First & Second Form (6 charts) $14.65

Second Form (3 charts) $22.00

Third & Fourth Form (20 charts) $18.40

Translation exercises from the Latin Vulgate. Each lesson includes exercises at three levels of difficulty.

Lingua Angelica I & II

Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage

Latin Songs & Prayers (Translation Course)

by Cheryl Lowe

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 4-12

All Ages | $17.35

$45.68 set ea. (student & teacher, song book, & CD)

A compendium of Latin grammar forms and a basic introduction to Latin syntax. Includes all conjugations and declensions, making it an easily accessible reference.

Student $13.60 ea. | Teacher $19.45 ea.

Song Book* $11.50 | Music CD* $12.55 *Used for both LA I and II

Vocabulary work, interlinear translation exercises, and grammar word study exercises for 28 hymns sung by a six-voice Gregorian chant choir.

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Latin Henle Latin First Year Advanced Christian Latin

by Robert Henle | Grades 8+

$59.24 Text Set (Henle I text, key, grammar, and flashcards) $80.60 Units I-V Guides and Instructional Videos Set (I-V teacher manual, quizzes & tests, instructional videos)

$80.60 Units VI-XIV Guides and Instructional Videos Set (VI-XIV teacher manual, quizzes & tests, instructional videos)

Originally published in 1945, the Henle Latin Series teaches Latin the traditional way. Our Teacher Manuals split the work of Henle Latin First Year over two years, scheduling what to do every step of the way. The Manuals include scripted lessons for the teacher, additional explanations and practice for the student, and a full answer key. The Quizzes & Tests help you measure your mastery along the way.

Henle Latin I Vocabulary Flashcards $18.85 Henle Latin First Year Teacher Manual: Units I-V or VI-XIV $23.05 ea.

Henle Latin First Year Quizzes & Tests: Units I-V or VI-XIV $11.50 ea.

Note: Though Henle is considered a Catholic text, its superiority as a teaching resource and the outstanding benefits of its Christian perspective also make it appropriate for Protestants.

Henle Latin First Year Streaming Instructional Videos: Units I-V or VI-XIV $55.00 ea.

Henle Latin Second Year

Henle Latin Third Year

Advanced Christian Latin

Advanced Christian Latin

by Robert Henle

by Robert Henle

Grades 9+

Grades 10+

$72.80 set (text, key, student,

$94.70 set (text, key, student,

quizzes & tests, flashcards)

teacher, quizzes & tests, flashcards)

Text $21.99 | Key $7.99

Text $21.99 | Key $7.99

Student Guide $18.40

Student Guide $18.40

Quizzes & Tests $11.50

Teacher Manual $23.05

Flashcards $16.75

Quizzes & Tests $11.50

After the completion of Henle Latin First Year or Memoria Press’ Latin Forms Series, the next step for Latin students is Henle Latin Second Year, which rounds out the Latin grammar and introduces students to the text of Caesar’s De Bello Gallico.

Memoria Press offers a Student Guide with comprehensive guidance for each lesson as well as Quizzes & Tests to assess progress and mastery. These resources contain everything needed to succeed in the course and conquer the first step into the world of authentic Latin texts.

Flashcards $16.75

Henle Latin Fourth Year

Henle Latin Vocabulary Flashcards

Advanced Christian Latin

Grades 8+

by Robert Henle

Henle Latin First Year Flashcards $18.85

Grades 11+

$28.48 set (text, key) Text $21.99 | Key $7.99 Henle Latin Fourth Year leads students through Cicero's Defense of Archias and the first six books of the culmination of Latin poetry, Virgil's Aeneid.

Mueller's text and accompanying Teacher's Guide will lead students through Caesar's account of his wars in Gaul. A perfect text for Latin students who are ready to translate, this program includes vocabulary, footnotes, historical background, and other resources, preparing interested students for the Caesar portion of the AP Latin Exam.

Memoria Press' Lesson Plans schedule the work and teach, step by step, how to approach Latin translation.

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Henle I Text $21.99 | Henle I Key $7.99 | Henle Grammar $16.99

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Henle Latin Third Year teaches students to reach beyond grammar and grasp the rudiments of rhetoric with the help of Cicero, perhaps Rome's most illustrious orator. Memoria Press' Student Guide, Teacher Manual, and Quizzes & Tests are sources of invaluable support in learning and mastering rhetorical Latin, even without the guidance of an experienced teacher. These texts organize the course into a sensible schedule, offer a wealth of insight to assist students in their exercises, and provide levelappropriate assessments to determine mastery of Latin.

Henle Latin Second Year Flashcards $16.75 Henle Latin Third Year Flashcards $16.75

Mueller's Caesar: Selections from De Bello Gallico

by Hans-Friedrich Mueller Grades 10+

$81.46 set (text, teacher, lesson plans) Text $45.00 | Teacher $24.00 Lesson Plans $16.75

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AP Latin Vergil's Aeneid: Selected Readings from Books 1, 2, 4, and 6

Excelability in Advanced Latin

by Barbara Weiden Boyd

Teacher $30.00

Student $45.00 Teacher $24.00 This course covers all lines of Vergil on the AP Latin Exam. Each page contains the Latin text, key vocabulary, and English summaries.

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by Marianthe Colakis Student $30.00 This course contains over 75 passages drawn from a variety of Latin authors, translation exercises, multiple choice tests, practice sight-reading Latin, and a comprehensive review of Latin grammar.

Caesar and Vergil AP Vocabulary Cards $19.00 All vocabulary appearing five or more times on the Vergil and Caesar sections of the AP Latin Exam.

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LATIN | GREEK

What Should We Lose by Our Ignorance?

by Sir R. W. Livingstone

I

magine for a moment that we had never heard the names of Greece and Rome. What should we lose by our ignorance? Those of us who read poetry would find much that was unintelligible in English authors, in all English poets, I think, without exception, from Chaucer to Rupert Brooke. We should not know in Julius Caesar who the tribunes were or what the Capitol was, or how Brutus and Antony came to be the heroes of Shakespeare. We should not know what sort of thing was that Greek urn which moved Keats to song. We should see that our poets had had the entry to a world from which we were excluded, a world of some strange charm and beauty, for they moved in it as happily and as delightfully as in their own.

Then, again, the key to much of our own language would have disappeared. Most of its vocabulary would be mere sounds to us, calling up certain ideas, but leaving us quite ignorant how the words came to have their particular meaning; and this would be so, not only with words like subliminal, hypochondriac, acolyte, centripetal, exogamy, but with quite common ones like angel, planet, revolution, Bible, conscience, etc. Further, the technical terminology of medicine, botany, and many other sciences would be a meaningless jargon.

More serious would be the descent of darkness on the origins of nearly all our civilisation. We should be different from Indians or Chinese, but we should not know why; certain words would be continually on our lips, certain ideals constantly before our eyes, but we should not know whence they had come. Politics, astronomy, magnanimity, Caesarism, empire, municipality, federalism, drama, history, religion, urbanity, metaphysics, anatomy, scepticism, rationalism, and a thousand others—we should know what these words meant to us, but we should be ignorant who first had used them, who invented democracy, the name and the thing, and what success its inventors had with their experiment, who first called the study of human destiny philosophy, and along what paths of thought his "love of wisdom" took him.

Equally dark would be the origin of many of our institutions, including much in our legal system, and of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, meteorology, medicine, and other sciences (the names of nearly all the sciences betray their descent). We should not know from what seed of original inspiration had come the architectural style of most of our public buildings and many of our churches. We should live ignorant of the rock whence we were hewn and the pit whence we were digged.

Sir R. W. Livingstone (1880-1960) was a British classical scholar, speaker, university administrator, and proponent of the liberal arts.

This article was adapted from A Defence of Classical Education, available now from Memoria College Press.

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A man who knows the origins of the world in which he lives looks at it with more understanding, walks in it with securer and more certain steps; he is less intimidated by words, for he knows their history, less inclined to either excessive respect or contempt for existing institutions, for he sees how they came to be there. He understands the world better, as parents understand a child whom they have known from its cradle better than a stranger understands him, and he is more confident and capable in handling it.

The difficulty with modern history and modern thought is their complexity; we grope through them and find it difficult to know where we are, what are the forces and problems around us. It is like being in a modern factory; the machinery spins, the pulleys, cogs, and driving wheels are in motion, but we cannot detect their connection and interdependence, the origin of all this activity or its purpose. To understand it we must study machinery on simpler models and a smaller scale.

We are afforded this simplicity partly by a happy accident. Athens and Rome stand on the upper courses of the rivers of civilisation, while we are on the lower reaches, where confluents from many sources have swollen and disturbed its waters. Our civilisation is compounded of contributions from Greece, Rome, Palestine; and added to these are byproducts of its own, Feudalism, the Papacy, the Renaissance, the Reformation, our own and the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution. Could the compound of all these forces be otherwise than confused and confusing? But Greece was made by herself, and Rome by herself and Greece, and they and their creations are simple. Monarchy, oligarchy, democracy were evolved by the nation that gave them their names and their forms in Greek history, and their conception in Greek thought are clearer and less complicated than they have ever been since. In the classics we study their development, and the development of the state, in domestic, imperial and foreign relations, on an easily comprehended model that has the essentials in simple form. The older the world grows, the more heavily the burdens of wealth and knowledge and complex civilisation weigh it down, the more eagerly it will look back to the many-coloured, many-sided life which humanity once led in Athens.

There is no better medicine against the dangers of the modern world than to be able to withdraw from it and view and judge it in the light of other civilisations than our own. In studying the classics we are acquiring standards independent of our own age and its prejudices, by which to judge ourselves and it.

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our history and to guess from its later chapters what we have never read, though such guesswork may lead to errors and misconstructions. If the classics are to stand, they must do so on their own merits; the final answer to anyone who asks why we read them must be: Look at Greek literature and Roman civilisation; listen to what the great moderns have said about them.

Hear Goethe: "Of all peoples the Greeks have dreamt the dream of life best." Hear Coleridge: "The Greeks were the masters of all grace, elegance, proportion, fancy, dignity, majesty, of whatever, in short, is capable of being conveyed by defined forms of thought."

Hear Shelley: "Never at any other period has so much energy, beauty, and virtue been developed; never was blind strength and stubborn form so disciplined and rendered subject to the will of man, or that will less repugnant to the dictates of the beautiful and the true, as during the century which preceded the death of Socrates. Of no other epoch in the history of our species have we records and fragments stamped so visibly with the image of the divinity in man."

From the small cities on the Aegean coasts came the idea of giving a rational account of the universe, its shape, composition, and behaviour, and with the idea, guesses, often wild, as was to be expected, but which contain the seeds of modern thought. The secret of this colossal achievement is simple. Greece is the ferment of the intelligence, quickening, permeating all media with life. The Greek genius is the triumph of creative intelligence. It is reason joined with vision, not mere intelligence, but creative intelligence; and it is the highest of intellectual qualities. Reason without vision is cold, creeping, inadequate; vision without reason may be fantastic, unreal, either ineffective or dangerous. But the greatest men are neither mere thinkers nor mere dreamers. They are neither like Hume and Locke, nor like Blake and Shelley. In them vision and reason blend; they dream, but reason controls and orders their vision. They think, but vision reveals to their thought the kingdoms of the earth and the glory of them.

For its literary masterpieces, for its sane and steady view of life, for its intellectual inspiration and stimulus, Greece is unmatched and unmatchable: the Greek temper is so necessary to us, yet so alien from us, that we require it as constitutions of a certain habit require iron.

Greece and Rome are complementary; each has a deficiency, and each supplies the other's deficiency.

If nothing moves in the world but what is Greek, it is almost true to say that nothing stands but what is Roman. Combine the two and you have the strength of Rome without its hardness, the glory of Greece without its instability, and (what is important for education), you have perfect models of two sides of human nature.

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Literature

StoryTime Treasures

More StoryTime Treasures

Grade 1 StoryTime & More StoryTime Treasures

Grade 2 $96.30 guide set (student & teacher guides) $150.39 guides + novels set (guides & novels)

StoryTime Treasures

More StoryTime Treasures

$49.28 set (guides & novels)

$71.78 set (guides & novels)

Student Guide $17.35 Teacher Guide $19.45

Student Guide $17.35 Teacher Guide $19.45

Student Guide $13.50 ea.

Teacher Guide $7.90 ea.

Little Bear $4.95 Caps for Sale $8.99 Frog and Toad Are Friends $4.99 Make Way for Ducklings $9.99

Billy and Blaze $9.99 Blaze and the Forest Fire $9.99 The Story About Ping $5.99 Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie $7.99 Stone Soup $7.99 The Little House $7.99 Miss Rumphius $8.99

Animal Folk Tales of America $12.95 Prairie School $4.99 The Courage of Sarah Noble $5.99 Little House in the Big Woods $9.99 Beatrix Potter novels $8.99 ea.

Recommended Supplement: Literature Dictionary $6.00

Grade 3 $102.64 guide set (student & teacher guides)

$140.60 guides + novels set (student and teacher guides & novels)

Farmer Boy

Charlotte's Web

A Bear Called Paddington

Mr. Popper's Penguins

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Farmer Boy $9.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Charlotte's Web $9.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 A Bear Called Paddington $10.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Mr. Popper's Penguins $8.99

The Cricket in Times Square

Homer Price

The Blue Fairy Book

Dangerous Journey

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Cricket in Times Square $7.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Homer Price $7.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Blue Fairy Book $11.55

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Dangerous Journey $25.00

Grade 4 $102.64 guide set (student & teacher guides)

$152.54 guides + novels set (student and teacher guides & novels)

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Literature

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Literature

Grade 5 $76.98 guide set (student & teacher guides)

$103.55 guides + novels set (student and teacher guides & novels)

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe

Heidi

Lassie Come-Home

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe $11.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Heidi $7.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Lassie Come-Home $7.99

Grade 6 $102.64 guide set (student & teacher guides)

$135.85 guides + novels set (student and teacher guides & novels)

Adam of the Road

The Door in the Wall

The Adventures of Robin Hood

King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Adam of the Road $8.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Door in the Wall $7.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Adventures of Robin Hood $8.99

The Trojan War

Anne of Green Gables

The Bronze Bow

The Hobbit

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Trojan War $9.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Anne of Green Gables $14.70

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Bronze Bow $9.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Hobbit $13.99

Treasure Island

The Wind in the Willows

As You Like It

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Treasure Island $14.70

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Wind in the Willows $14.60

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 As You Like It $15.50

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer $10.00

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table $8.99

Grade 7 $102.64 guide set (student & teacher guides)

$148.88 guides + novels set (student and teacher guides & novels)

Grade 8 $102.64 guide set (student & teacher guides)

$154.98 guides + novels set (student and teacher guides & novels)

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Literature

Grade 9 $102.64 guide set (student & teacher guides)

$144.39 guides + novels set (student and teacher guides & novels)

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Beowulf the Warrior

The Hound of the Baskervilles

A Midsummer Night's Dream

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight $12.00

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Beowulf the Warrior $10.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Hound of the Baskervilles $11.00

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 A Midsummer Night's Dream $10.00

Romeo & Juliet

The Scarlet Letter

Julius Caesar

Pride & Prejudice

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Romeo & Juliet $5.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Scarlet Letter $8.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Julius Caesar $7.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Pride & Prejudice $9.95

Grade 10 $102.64 guide set (student & teacher guides)

$133.79 guides + novels set (student and teacher guides & novels)

Grade 11

15% OFF

$63.47 set (text, student, teacher, quizzes & tests)

$115.72 complete set (all books + streaming instructional videos)

The Divine Comedy Student Guide $19.90 Teacher Guide $19.90 Quizzes & Tests $6.00 The Divine Comedy $21.00 Streaming Instructional Videos $55.00

Mix and match any 10 or more individual Memoria Press literature guides and receive 15% off your literature guide purchase!

Use coupon code LITGUIDE at checkout!

Grade 12 $102.64 guide set (student & teacher guides)

$158.54 guides + novels set (student and teacher guides & novels)

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A Tale of Two Cities

Hamlet

Macbeth

Anna Karenina

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 A Tale of Two Cities $11.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Hamlet $8.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Macbeth $7.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Anna Karenina $30.00

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Alternate Literature Options

The Moffats Grades 3-4

My Side of the Mountain Grades 4-5

The Twenty-One Balloons Grades 5-7

The Magician's Nephew Grades 5-7

Little Women Grades 8-9

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Moffats $9.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 My Side of the Mountain $8.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Twenty-One Balloons $7.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Magician's Nephew $9.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Little Women $16.00

Henry IV, Part 1 Grades 9+

Henry V Grades 9+

King Lear Grades 9+

The Merchant of Venice Grades 9+

Wuthering Heights Grades 9+

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Henry IV, Part 1 $9.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Henry V $9.99

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 King Lear $7.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Merchant of Venice $7.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Wuthering Heights $9.95

NEW

The Great Gatsby Grades 9+

Jane Eyre Grades 9+

Robinson Crusoe

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 The Great Gatsby $17.00

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Jane Eyre $11.95

Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Robinson Crusoe $10.00

Grades 9+

NEW

To Kill a Mockingbird Grades 9+ Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 To Kill a Mockingbird $16.99

The Canterbury Tales Grades 9+ Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Canterbury Tales $13.60

Hard Times Grades 9+ Student Guide $13.50 Teacher Guide $13.50 Hard Times $9.00

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The Contemplative Reader

by Leigh Lowe

ow we approach a book can parallel the way we approach life itself. We can spend our time merely in pursuit of pleasure or we can strive toward a higher goal—the pursuit of what John Henry Newman calls the "philosophical habit of mind." We would never dismiss the pleasure that reading can bring, but we should seek more than pleasure when we read. We should choose books that have more to offer, great books that challenge us to think deeply about what we read so that we might grow and improve as people.

Therefore, teaching children how to access, and ultimately contemplate, great books is an important long-term process. I often tell parents and teachers that when it comes to reading, completing a book doesn't always equate to comprehending a book, and comprehending a book doesn't always equate to contemplating a book. Contemplation is certainly more demanding—yet also far more rewarding.

Contemplation is a bridge that leads from knowledge (comprehension) to wisdom and helps us use what we have learned to pursue virtue and avoid vice.

In the classical model we have a destination, which is not just contemplating any books, but contemplating the most enduring books of humanity. If we want to get to the vistas of wisdom through the True and the Good and the Beautiful, we need a plan. A sporadic approach is likely to leave us intimidated—instead of inspired—by the best that has been thought and said.

You can see, for instance, how the Iliad could confuse the person who hasn't been exposed to Greek mythology. Likewise, it's understandable that Shakespeare challenges those who haven't been immersed from a young age in the beautiful and elevated language of poetry or Scripture.

Meaningful access to good books requires intentionality. When we fail to view literature as a cumulative subject, we fail to recognize that books build on each other in language, meaning, and allusion. If we don't read Homer, we miss Homer— which is a great loss—but we also miss the countless references to his epics that have been used by other authors for over two thousand years!

If we accept that we must approach literature strategically—if we are to glean all that books have to offer—we must think then about how we should help students accumulate the skills and knowledge to do so. Making a distinction between skill and knowledge keeps the two from getting muddled and confused.

Leigh Lowe consults on curriculum, trains teachers, and speaks publicly about classical education and the vision of Memoria Press and Highlands Latin School. Leigh is the daughter-in-law of Cheryl Lowe, founder of Memoria Press and Highlands Latin School. Leigh worked closely with Cheryl for years as a teacher, editor, and writer.

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I call the beginning stage of reading the completion stage. This is basically a skill stage that requires having the ability to read the words on any page as well as the discipline and confidence to get to the last page. Simply refusing to close a book and walk away is the first step to becoming a contemplative reader. But even when a book is finished, we should be realistic about the extent to which it was absorbed.

I remember teaching my kids to read. We'd settle in on the couch and my child would open a book, plod through sounds, stop and start words, and often skim over punctuation in the hope that I wouldn't notice. Eventually the book would be completed successfully, but once the task was accomplished my child would invariably look up and say, "Wait—now you read it to me." They seemed to have gleaned little about the book's content. They had completed the book, but couldn't yet comprehend while completing.

They were working on the skill of reading, but the comprehension—the knowledge—was somewhat sacrificed in the effort.

That doesn't mean my children were incapable of comprehending those books. They absolutely could understand when I reread them. I simply had to close the gap between their reading skills and their comprehension abilities. It was difficult for my children to focus on both skill and knowledge simultaneously.

This scenario is easiest to spot in the primary years, but it can happen at any time. Think about the student reading Shakespeare. Or Plato. Or Dante.

A certain degree of discomfort or intimidation can be routinely expected as students advance through increasingly difficult literature. Reading skills might be challenged many times. So we encourage teachers at all levels to be alert to the fact that skill and comprehension aren't always advancing in tandem.

This is one of the reasons we advocate reading books and passages multiple times. It's also the reason we offer thorough literature guides to support students and teachers. We distinguish phonics (skill-based) reading, read-alouds, and literature in our curriculum because we recognize that a threepronged approach to reading is beneficial.

Phonics reading is skill-based reading for the youngest learners. Books in this category teach students how to read. Phonics reading requires much practice. Reluctance is common in this stage because we generally dislike doing what we are not especially good at doing. However, we love being great at things—it's exhilarating and rewarding.

The better we are at something, the more we want to do it. This is why we must push through the initial reluctance to read what is difficult. Once mastery is achieved, students are positioned well 1-502-966-9115

to continue because they have overcome the hurdle and have hit a solid stride.

But the course continues on an incline. Effort will always be expected of the advancing reader.

So we encourage dedicated parents and teachers to help students access books they might not manage independently quite yet.

Read-aloud books are thus a distinct element of our curriculum. Read-alouds are generally two or three grade levels above the reading level of the student, allowing an opportunity for advancing knowledge without dependence on skill. These books alight the soul to the beauty and wonder of stories. They add volume to the student's literary foundation. They are not necessarily studied with the same attention as the selected literature in the curriculum, but they contribute importantly to the expansion of the mind.

Read-alouds add to the characters, ideas, and images the child holds in his heart. They train in discernment by helping the child, by way of variety, identify what is lovely, meaningful, and real in books—and in life. Read-alouds also allow students to hear experienced readers read with fluidity and expression, encouraging them to develop the skills necessary to emulate these practices. Even if every read-aloud book is not read deeply, we want our children to be exposed to good books in high quantities so they are able to discern which deserve their full attention. Readalouds help make this possible.

The third category of books in our curriculum is literature. Literature is where we intentionally merge skill and knowledge: the ability to comprehend while completing. Reading literature is more difficult than phonics reading and (obviously) less phonetically consistent for younger students, but literature offers beauty, meaning, and the opportunity for contemplation.

Literature provides a different but equally essential foundation for young readers. Students advance in their ability to appreciate increasingly difficult ideas and language with carefully curated literature selections that are read deeply and closely and carefully.

At Memoria Press we study only a few books each year to promote contemplation, and we are conscientious and humble in promoting books that deserve our deep thought. In gratitude to those who went before us, we ask history to offer a reading list of favorites. These are the classics that have instructed men and women for generations. With phonics reading, read-alouds, and literature, our students are trained to enjoy and contemplate the best books. They are trained to grow in wisdom and knowledge. They are trained to see Truth, Goodness, and Beauty. They are trained to pursue good things and, even better, to delight in them when found.

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Poetry Poetry for the Primary Stage Grades K-2 | $10.45 Your child will be delighted by the whimsy and inspired by the beauty of the beloved poems in our Poetry for the Primary Stage anthology. These selections are perfect for family read-aloud time or memorization practice.

Poetry for the Grammar Stage Grades 3-7

$48.61 set (student, teacher, anthology)

Student $16.75 Teacher $18.85 Anthology $18.40 Our illustrated anthology is the perfect companion for this study guide, which includes vocabulary work and comprehension questions, and beginning concepts of poetry analysis. Poems increase in difficulty as students move through the book in each year of the grammar stage.

Poetry & Short Stories for the Logic Stage: 19th and 20th Centuries Grades 7+

$52.79 set (student, teacher, anthology)

Student $17.80 | Teacher $19.90 Anthology $20.95 Revisit the Old World elegance of Irving's prose and the range of Poe's romanticism.

Enjoy the Fireside Poets—Longfellow, Whittier, and Holmes. Rediscover the rich, varied authenticity of American literature with this anthology and study guide.

The British Tradition Poetry, Prose, & Drama (Book I): The Old English & Medieval Periods Poetry & Prose (Book II): The Elizabethan to the Neoclassical Age Poetry (Book III): The Romantic to the Victorian Age Grades 8+ | $52.79 set ea. (student, teacher, anthology) Student $17.80 ea. | Teacher $19.90 ea. | Anthology $20.95 ea.

Did you ever wish you didn't have to sort through all the thousands of poems that have been written over the years to find the best of the best? Cheryl Lowe has done the work for you in these British poetry anthologies, from legendary knights to staid Victorians. Use our accompanying study guides for a full-year course that guides students into a deeper understanding of the most important and influential poetry, prose, and drama in the British tradition.

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Classical Education Resources Resource Books CLASSICAL EDUCATION • Simply Classical: A Beautiful Education for Any Child

by Cheryl Swope $26.00 • A Defense of Latin and Classical Education edited by Cheryl Lowe $11.55 • Climbing Parnassus: A New Apologia for Greek and Latin

by Tracy Lee Simmons $19.99 • From Achilles to Christ: Why Christians Should Read the Pagan Classics

by Louis Markos $28.00 • The Recovery of Real Education: A selection of articles from The Classical Teacher $10.45 • The Great Books: A Journey Through 2,500 Years of the West's Classic Literature

by Anthony O'Hear $22.00 • The Great Tradition: Classic Readings on What It Means to Be an Educated Human Being edited by Richard M. Gamble $29.99 • The Well-Educated Mind: A Guide to the Classical Education You Never Had

by Susan Wise Bauer and Jessie Wise $35.00 • The Well-Trained Mind: A Guide to Classical Education at Home

by Susan Wise Bauer and Jessie Wise $39.95 • How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading

by Mortimer J. Adler and Charles Van Doren $19.99 • Figures of Speech: 60 Ways to Turn a Phrase by Arthur Quinn $44.95 • Rhetoric by Aristotle $5.00 • Medieval Literacy: A Compendium of Medieval Knowledge with the Guidance of C. S. Lewis by James Grote $29.95

FOR SCHOOLS • Seven Myths About Education by Daisy Christodoulou $42.95 • Why Knowledge Matters: Rescuing Our Children from Failed Educational Theories

by E. D. Hirsch, Jr. $33.00 • The Schools We Need: And Why We Don't Have Them

by E. D. Hirsch, Jr. $17.95 • Why Freshmen Fail and How to Avoid It! by Carol Reynolds, Ph.D. $21.95

Memoria Press Pamphlet Series $3.95 ea.

Whether you're looking for an elevator pitch for classical education to give a friend, a defense of the place of Latin in classical education, or encouragement in teaching your child to read and write, this series of concise, clear articles in convenient pamphlet format is for you!

What Is Classical Education?

What Is Civilization?

The Liberating Arts How Latin Develops the Mind Why Literature Matters How to Teach Your Child How to Read Latin: The Next Step After Phonics Christian Studies: How to Have Biblically Literate Children What Is Classical Rhetoric?

A Defense of Penmanship How to Teach Logic The Grammar of Our Lives

CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS & CHURCH HISTORY • Fundamentals of the Faith: Essays in Christian Apologetics

by Peter Kreeft $17.95 • Handbook of Christian Apologetics: Hundreds of Answers to Crucial Questions

by Peter Kreeft and Ronald K. Tacelli $30.00 • Socrates Meets Jesus by Peter Kreeft $22.00 • Mere Christianity by C. S. Lewis $17.99 • The Great Divorce by C. S. Lewis $17.99 • The Screwtape Letters by C. S. Lewis $17.99 • The Abolition of Man by C. S. Lewis $17.99 • A Preface to Paradise Lost by C. S. Lewis $39.99 • Early Christian Writings trans. by Andrew Louth and Maxwell Staniforth $15.00 • The Early Church by Henry Chadwick $18.00 • The History of the Church by Eusebius $19.00

Great books about great things.

C. S. Lewis: A Critical Essay

by Peter Kreeft | $9.00

On Being Civilized

by Tracy Lee Simmons | $15.00

Orthodoxy

by G. K. Chesterton | $12.60

A Defence of Classical Education

by R. W. Livingstone | $12.60

PHONICS • Teaching Phonics & Word Study in the Intermediate Grades

by Wiley Blevins $33.99 • Phonics from A to Z by Wiley Blevins $27.99

Order today!

MemoriaCollege.org/Press

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Classical Studies D'Aulaires' Greek Myths $62.90 set (text, student, teacher, flashcards) Grades 3-8 Text $19.99 | Student $19.90 Teacher $19.90 | Flashcards $14.20

Myths are everywhere in Western art and literature and are the essential background for a classical education. This is an ideal beginning book regardless of age! Each of the 30 lessons presents facts to know, vocabulary, comprehension questions, and a picture review and activities section.

Find samples and full product descriptions at MemoriaPress.com!

Famous Men of Rome $63.00 set (text, student, teacher, flashcards) Grades 4-8 Text $19.45 | eBook $14.00 Student $19.90 | Teacher $19.90 Flashcards $14.20 Meet Romans like Horatius, Caesar, and Marcus Aurelius—history's great men of action. Younger students especially will be fascinated by the abundant action and drama of the great city of Rome, its trials and tribulations, its rise and eventual fall.

Famous Men of Greece $63.00 set (text, student, teacher, flashcards) Grades 5-8 Text $19.45 | eBook $14.00 Student $19.90 | Teacher $19.90 Flashcards $14.20 Dive into the lives of the famous Greeks—history's great men of thought. Follow Heracles and Odysseus through journeys of myth, fight with Leonidas and Pericles in legendary wars, deliberate with Aristotle and Socrates. Learn of all those who contributed to the scope of Greek accomplishment that is still known today as "The Greek Miracle."

If you don't begin your classical education until middle or high school, we recommend that you start with Year 5.

Year 1

D'Aulaires' Greek Myths

Year 2

Famous Men of Rome

Year 3

Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Year 4

Famous Men of Greece, The Trojan War, and Horatius at the Bridge

Year 5

Iliad, Odyssey, and The Book of the Ancient Greeks

Year 6

The Aeneid and The Book of the Ancient Romans

Year 7

Greek Tragedies (Euripides, Sophocles, Aeschylus)

Year 8

The Divine Comedy

Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Famous Men of Modern Times

$63.00 set (text, student, teacher, flashcards)

$50.00 set (text, student, teacher)

Grades 5-8

Grades 6-8

Text $19.45 | eBook $14.00

Text $19.45 | eBook $14.00

Student $19.90 | Teacher $19.90

Student $19.90 | Teacher $19.90

Flashcards $14.20

And in the last installment of the series, join Suleiman the Magnificent, Sir Isaac Newton, Peter the Great, George Washington, Napoleon Bonaparte, and many more as they fight to lead and forge the emerging modern world.

Wind through the "dark ages" by the lights of Clovis, Charlemagne, Alfred the Great, Joan of Arc, and Gutenberg, among many others, and watch as the world transitions from the end of ancient times to the birth of the modern era.

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Classical Studies Dorothy Mills' Histories Grades 6+ | $47.44 set ea. (text, student, teacher) Text $19.50 ea. | *eBook $14.00 ea. | Student $19.90 ea. | Teacher $19.90 ea. (*not available for Renaissance & Reformation) Combine with a Memoria Press Student Guide for a yearlong course. Each guide includes facts to know, vocabulary, comprehension questions, mapwork, and timelines, and the Teacher Guides provide thorough answers as well as unit tests.

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The Book of the Ancient World

The Book of the Ancient Greeks

The Book of the Ancient Romans

Let Dorothy Mills take your student on an adventure to explore the geography, culture, architecture, and most prominent peoples of Egypt, Persia, Anatolia, Israel, and more.

Mills covers not only the valuable history and culture of the ancient peoples, but she also gives students an understanding of the people and neighbors out of which Christianity sprung.

The journey continues, starting in Crete and ending in the Hellenistic Age ushered in by Alexander the Great. Your student will learn about the wars and ideas, the art and architecture, the politics and philosophy that have shaped the course of Western civilization since the Greeks laid them out for us.

Like any good Roman course, this one begins with the she-wolf who nurses in infancy the legendary founders of Rome: Romulus and Remus. The rise and fall of a monarchy, the embrace of a republic with the simultaneous dislike for kings, and finally the rise of the Roman Empire teach unforgettable principles about human nature and society.

Includes notes on the Roman culture, political system, and religion.

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Supplements Timeline Program Events from Ancient to Modern Times Grades 3-7

$48.02 set (sketchbook, handbook, wall cards, flashcards)

Timeline Composition & Sketchbook $11.50 Timeline Handbook $11.50 Timeline Wall Cards $15.70 Timeline Flashcards $14.65 Students will master a total of 60 events from Greek and Roman history, the Middle Ages, American history, and Christian studies.

Geography & Timeline Review Worksheets Grade 7 Worksheets $8.95 Key $8.95 To ensure retention and mastery we have created this cumulative review of Memoria Press' States and Capitals, Geography I & II, and Timeline Program.

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Ancient Civilization Wall Maps Large Wall Maps (22'' x 34'') $35.00 Small Wall Maps (11'' x 17'') $21.00

Christian Studies Wall Maps

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Large Wall Maps (22'' x 34'') $35.00 Med i terra nea n Sea

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Small Wall Maps (11'' x 17'') $21.00

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Renaissance & Reformation Times It would be hard to overstate the reverberating effects of this period on modern history.

Politics, philosophy, art, theology—virtually no aspect of Western culture was left unchanged by the Renaissance and Reformation. Mills succeeds marvelously in giving readers a neutral ground on which to base their understanding of this time.

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From the foundation of monasteries to the bell towers of universities, from the crowning of Charlemagne to the execution of Joan of Arc, Mills guides students through the spread of Christendom and the founding of a new civilization on the remnants of the Roman Empire.

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Christian Studies Large Wall Maps © Memoria Press Copyright 2013. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the USA.

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Classical Literature The Trojan War

by Olivia Coolidge | Grades 6-8 Text $9.99 | Student $13.50 | Teacher $13.50 This faithful retelling of the events of the Trojan War is wonderful preparation for reading the Iliad and Odyssey in later years. Your student will become familiar with the main characters, the gods and goddesses, and the storyline of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, presented in simple but captivating prose. Each lesson in the Student Guide has reading notes, vocabulary, comprehension questions, and an enrichment section with discussion topics, writing, art, and mapwork.

The Iliad & The Odyssey Samuel Butler translation | Grades 7+

The Adventures of Odysseus & The Tale of Troy

by Padraic Colum | Grades 6-8 | $11.55 Padraic Colum introduces young readers to Odysseus, the Greek hero of the Trojan War, who has been away from his home and his family for twenty years.

The Adventures of Odysseus & The Tale of Troy has all the essentials of Homer’s epic: the son, Telemachus, searching for news of his father and learning about the events of the Trojan War; the faithful wife, Penelope, refusing to marry again despite a throng of suitors; and Odysseus himself, struggling against monsters, storms, and the wrath of gods to be reunited with his family and regain his place as king of Ithaka.

The Aeneid for Boys & Girls

by Alfred J. Church | Grades 6-8 $11.55 Alfred Church's retelling of Virgil's Aeneid is a great introduction to the story of Aeneas, who escaped from the burning city of Troy and founded Rome, the New Troy. Reading this first will help prepare students to tackle the more difficult writing of Virgil.

$96.05 set ea. (text, student, teacher, videos) $171.88 complete set (Iliad and Odyssey sets) Text $14.70 ea. | eBook $7.00 ea.

Student $13.60 ea. | Teacher $17.80 ea.

Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $55.00 ea.

Western civilization begins with the two greatest works of the ancient world: the Iliad and the Odyssey. The enormous influence these books have exerted in Western literature and art make them the perfect place to begin your study of Western culture. Samuel Butler's prose translations are both scholarly and easily accessible to students. The reading notes, focus passages, and comprehension and discussion questions in our Student Guides highlight important events, characters, and themes, allowing your student to more deeply understand these seminal works. The Teacher Manuals include additional contextual background information and teaching tips, as well as complete answers to the Student Guides and unit tests.

The Aeneid David West translation | Grades 8+

$94.19 set (text, student, teacher, videos) Text $16.00 Student $19.90 Teacher $19.90 Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $55.00 After Homer, the Aeneid is logically your next great book to study. Virgil's epic story of the founding of Rome will come alive when read with the help of our study guide as you continue your quest to master the classics. This is a great preparation for AP Latin also. Our Teacher Manual has inset student pages with teacher notes and background information for each lesson.

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H ead ing G oes H ere

MemoriaPress.com

Horatius at the Bridge

by Thomas Babington Macaulay | Grades 6+

$36.91 set (text, student, teacher, medal, pin) Text $8.95 | Student $8.95 | Teacher $11.50 Medal $5.50 | Lapel Pin $3.95 This study of Macaulay's 70-stanza ballad includes vocabulary, maps, character and plot synopses, meter, comprehension questions, teaching guidelines, and quizzes. Send us a recording of your students reciting the poem, and we'll send them a Winston Churchill Award certificate, medal, and lapel pin.

The Divine Comedy

by Dante Alighieri, John Ciardi translation Grades 10+

$63.47 set (text, student, teacher, quizzes & tests) $115.72 complete set (all books + streaming videos) Text $21.00 | Student $19.90 Teacher $19.90 | Quizzes & Tests $6.00 Streaming Instructional Videos $55.00 The Divine Comedy is one of the crown jewels of both Western and Christian literature. This epic, allegorical poem illustrates Dante's spiritual journey of redemption that takes him through the pit of Hell (the Inferno) to the Beatific Vision of God (the Paradiso).

On Obligations

The Republic and The Laws

by Cicero, P. G. Walsh translation

by Cicero, Niall Rudd translation

Grades 10+

Grades 10+

Text $13.95

Text $12.95

Student $19.90

Student $19.90

Teacher $19.90

Teacher $19.90

Cicero's work On Obligations played a large role in Western Christendom but is daunting to read alone. Let us accompany your high schooler as he learns the principles of justice, wisdom, beneficence, courage, and propriety.

The Republic became the blueprint of the U.S. government almost 2,000 years after it was written. In The Laws, Cicero defends his understanding of the upright moral life. His writings became the foundation for the West's philosophical discussion on the natural law.

The Greek Tragedies Grades 9+

$235.52 complete set (3 texts, 3 student guides, 3 teacher guides, 3 instructional videos)

The Oresteian Trilogy by Aeschylus $13.00 The Three Theban Plays by Sophocles $16.00 Medea & Other Plays by Euripides $11.00 Student $19.90 ea. | Teacher $19.90 ea.

Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $45.00 ea.

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The Oresteian Trilogy

The Three Theban Plays

Medea & Other Plays

Aeschylus was the first of the three great tragic playwrights. Join Orestes as he seeks to avenge his father's murder, but discovers, along with us, that revenge only begets revenge—that mercy and litigation are the better ends of justice.

Here is Sophocles' story of Oedipus, fated to unknowingly kill his father and marry his mother. This is the great myth, influencing all subsequent literature. Fate, free will, the quest for knowledge and truth—the glory and downfall of Western civilization.

Euripides further developed the tragedy, instituting the deus ex machina, a prologue, and greater realism. His heroes are less resolute and more psychological, fraught with internal conflict. In them we see the extremes of human nature: cold reason and maniacal passion, nobility and cruelty, triumph and regret, grief and comfort.

Cl assical Literatu re

33

THE COMMON

PATRIMONY OF ALL MANKIND

BY BRIAN LAPSA

“I am giving teachers a choice,” wrote the y oung E m peror J ulian the A postate in the sum m er of A . D . 3 6 2 , not y et a full y ear into his reign.

I f they think the ancient writers were wise . . . t hen let them be the first to rival those authors' piety toward the ancient gods. Or, if they suppose that such writers were wrong about our most venerable gods, then let them go down to the churches of the Galileans and teach about Matthew or Luke instead.

Julian blamed Christianity both for turmoil in his family and for any number of crises besetting the Empire, and when he finally had a rebellious army at his back he made his private apostasy public.

When his cousin's death left him the uncontested master of Rome, he tried to take the Empire with him. Christianity, he understood, was on the brink of permanently consolidating its hold not just on politics, but also on culture—paideia—which q uite literally means education, too.

Julian made clear that being a Christian was a disqualifying factor in becoming a teacher. The Emperor's reasoning runs roughly as follows: Education in grammar and rhetoric means spending time every day with works written by polytheists like Homer, Hesiod, Demosthenes, Herodotus, Thucydides, Isocrates, and Lysias. The gods of Olympus taught Brian Lapsa is Registrar of Memoria College and Director of U K and European Operations for Memoria Press. H e wrote his doctoral dissertation in Classics on how pagans and Christians used exemplars to shape the moral imagination (Oriel College, U niversity of Oxford, 2 02 3 ).

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T he Common Patrimony of A l l Manki nd

these men what they knew. Moreover, Julian says, such authors believed that they themselves were sacred to the gods. Without sharing such beliefs in and about the gods, Julian suggests, no one can hope to understand the meanings of the ancient writers' works, let alone teach them. And those ancient texts are fundamental to instruction at every level. The only way for Christians to teach those texts correctly would be by speaking dishonestly, at odds with what they really believe. This would compromise their characters, making them greedy operators and "utterly depraved men."

Julian could, in this case, count on many within the Church to agree with him. Early in the third century, the Christian apologist Tertullian had blamed various heresies on pagan influence, asking, "What common ground have Athens and Jerusalem? What common ground have the Academy and the Church?

What common ground have heretics and Christians?"

The implication: None at all. "Our way of learning," Tertullian goes on, "comes from the cloister of Solomon, who himself had taught that the Lord was to be sought in the simplicity of the heart."

The Christian tradition, while giving Tertullian's doubts their due, has rejected this stance. The reasons have been both practical and theoretical. In the year 3 6 2 , of course, there was the chilling prospect that after long centuries of hiding, persecution, or at best secondclass citizenship, a Church-wide withdrawal from the teaching profession would force Christians back into the catacombs. Without teachers who shared their MemoriaPress.com

convictions, Christian students might well be drawn away from the faith—as Julian himself expected. If so, then the tragedy of many such individual apostasies could reach an imperial scale. Meanwhile, the uneducated who clung to the faith would again find themselves in a world devoid not only of Christian teachers, but also of Christian doctors, lawyers, officers, policymakers, and the like.

To be sure, this prospect of a slow social suffocation would have been enough to elicit outrage and alarm in many quarters, but the Christian tradition both before and after Julian has found even deeper reasons for opposition to the law, and for encouraging Christians to undertake secular learning. Two of Julian's contemporaries helped the Church reflect on these reasons: Saints Gregory Nazianzen and Basil of Caesarea, young gentlemen who became ascetics, activists, priests, and bishops. Raised in Cappadocia, the three all knew each other from their days as students in the rhetorical schools of A thens.

Some of Gregory's reflections are found in his orations against Julian. One of his arguments is that any skills or arts which benefit humanity—we might think of farming, medicine, or sailing—belong to the common patrimony of all mankind. Is it only the inventors or discoverers of a beneficial practice, or their descendants, who may make legitimate use of it? By that kind of reasoning, Gregory argues, Julian and his Hellenophilic allies would have to return their letters to the Phoenicians, inventors of the first alphabet—and there goes their precious literature.

In the same way, in Gregory's view, Christians had a right to the disciplinary pillars of classical education, to the structural elements of language, thought, and communication—in other words, to the concrete arts of grammar, logic, and rhetoric. These arts did not belong to the pagans just because pagans had been the first to develop them or because pagan texts, including literary texts, were universally used when teaching them.

Second, Gregory suggests, the arts of language are beneficial both because they can help us communicate and because they can nurture our knowledge of the cosmos and its Maker. They therefore give Christians a metaphysical, even theological, motivation. Language, thought, and reality are inextricably intertwined. For Gregory, the arts of language are the domain of ( logoi)—"words," certainly, but also "rational principles," elements of the meaningful, intelligible order of the cosmos created by God. They are reflections of, or even participations in, the one (Logos), the Word. This idea is itself found in pagan philosophers, especially the Stoics; but, in the tradition of the Gospel of John, Gregory recognized the Second Person of the Trinity, Jesus Christ, in this world-making Word. To the extent that Christians would be deprived of the ability to know, love, and teach the ways of these little grammatical and 1-502-966-9115

rhetorical logoi, they would be deprived not only of what belongs to the common patrimony of mankind, but also, and most importantly, of so many ways of encountering and loving God as Christians.

In a similar vein, Basil exhorts his own nephews, young Christians, to study pagan culture with a third set of reasons: There is great aesthetic, ethical, and metaphysical value in its content, and not just its forms.

Greek literature is both useful and beautiful. A Christian education without the beauty of the older learning is like a tree with ripening fruit, but without leaves to protect or adorn it.

Yet aesthetics must be bound to ethics: Basil's avuncular oration is far from a carte blanche for an em brace of all secular literature. D iscernm ent is crucial, and some pagan stories, he feels, don't bear repeating.

Nonetheless, his concern for moral formation leads him to commend other pagan stories for their anticipation of Christian precepts. Antiquity gives us ethical models and stories that reinforce Christ's teaching while also spurring us along our paths as His followers: If a pagan could curb his wrath, why can't you?

Basil shows us that the philosophical anthropology and metaphysics found in pagan authors can help us to understand man, the world, and God. He sees much in Plato, for instance, to bolster the claims of Saint Paul. Later, Nazianzen points out that even when its exemplars are bad or its theses are wrong, pagan culture is still worth studying, precisely because when it isn't showing us what is true and worthy of imitation it is showing us what is false and to be rejected. These leaders of the Church and countless others drew extensively on pagan works of geography , biology , cosm ology , history , mythology, poetry, and metaphysics in their preaching and in their theological and Christological treatises.

The arts belong to all humanity; they are beneficial because they help us to communicate and to seek God in all things, and the pagan literature used in teaching these arts itself contains and transmits Beauty, Goodness, and Truth. These benefits make it worth the effort of navigating the parts that do oppose faith. In Nazianzen's vivid terms: We shouldn't scorn the skies, the air, or the earth just because some have wrongly worshipped them; iron, food, fire, and even the organs of vile reptiles can be turned to good or ill, but they can't be any good for us at all without also being just what they are.

Julian's laws did not survive his own early death. Had he lived, would these arguments have swayed him? No, of course not. If anything, they would have hardened his resolve—itself a backhanded acknowledgement that Gregory, Basil, and others were right. Far from being intrinsically bound to the paganism that had given birth to it, classical education could be—and for some 1,600 years after Julian's death, would be—put to Christian ends.

T h e C o m m o n P a t r i m o n y o f A l l M a n ki n d

35

Upper School Christian Studies The Story of Christianity

by David Bentley Hart

Acts of the Apostles: King James Version

Grades 8+

Grades 8+

Text $16.99 Student $19.90 Teacher $19.90

Text $11.55

Hart gives a scholarly but readable portrait of the rich history of the Christian Church, covering 2,000 years of persecution, belief, discord, and faith. Our study guide walks you through Hart's text with additional background and contextual information, comprehension questions, and discussion questions that tie the history to scriptural passages and explore modern-day issues of faith and belief.

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Christian S tu d ies

The Wars of the Jews: The Fall of Jerusalem

by Josephus | Grades 9+ Text $11.55

Student $18.40

Student $18.40

Teacher $19.90

Teacher $20.95

The Acts of the Apostles tells the exciting story of the travels, the teachings, and—in many cases—the martyrdoms of the apostles as they take the message of Jesus Christ from Jerusalem to the ends of the earth in the years immediately following Christ's life, death, and resurrection. This unit study will acquaint students with Christianity's infant stage.

"There will not be left a stone upon a stone." Our children may know of Christ's prophecy, but do they learn about its fulfillment? Josephus is regarded as the most trustworthy source on the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. This follow-up to a study of Scripture is an introduction to the history of Christianity.

MemoriaPress.com

Christian Studies Christian Studies I-III Grades 3-6 Christian Studies I: All Major Bible Stories up to the Entry into Canaan Christian Studies II: The Rise and Fall of Israel and the Period of the Prophets Christian Studies III: All Major New Testament Stories

$179.07 set (Christian Studies I-III student & teacher, Golden Children's Bible, New Testament, Old Testament, and Memory Verse Flashcards)

Student $19.90 ea. | Teacher $23.05 ea. | Golden Children's Bible $22.99 Memory Verse Flashcards $17.80 | Old Testament Flashcards $14.65 | New Testament Flashcards $14.65 Biblical literacy is just as important as cultural, moral, and functional literacy, and the material we use to teach children their faith should be just as rigorous and demanding as any other important subject.

Our Christian Studies series is a systematic study of the major events and characters in Salvation History, using The Golden Children's Bible. Students work through a Bible timeline from Creation to Christ, memorize Bible geography, the books of the Bible, people and events in order, and discuss vocabulary and basic theological concepts common to all Christian faith traditions. At the end of this course your student will be thoroughly grounded in the knowledge necessary for advanced Christian studies.

Each lesson in the Student Guide includes facts to know, a memory verse, comprehension questions, and geography and timeline activities. The Teacher Manual contains thorough answers and additional insights and background information for each lesson, as well as unit tests.

The Story Bible & Christian Studies Enrichment

The Golden Children's Bible Grades 3-6

Christian Studies IV: A Chronological Overview of the Bible

Grades K-2

$22.99

Grades 6-8

The Story Bible $32.99

We chose this Bible to use with our Christian Studies I-III series for its simplified but poetically appealing King James text and beautiful illustrations.

The stories are broken into small, digestible chunks, and written on a third-sixth grade reading level.

Text $13.65

Christian Studies Enrichment $14.65 The Story Bible is written especially for children who are beginning to read. The enrichment guide helps facilitate oral discussion for each Bible lesson.

Student $19.90 Teacher $23.05 This course takes students back through the highlights of the Bible, and reviews drill questions, memory passages, and more! It can serve as a review course for Christian Studies I-III or as a survey study of the Bible. Our text gives students an overview and background information for each book of the Bible.

History of the Early Church

City of God by St. Augustine, Vernon J. Bourke ed.

Grades 9+

Grades 10+

Student $19.90

Text $19.00

Teacher $23.05

Student $19.90

The Early Church $18.00

Teacher $20.95

The History of the Church $19.00

Quizzes & Tests $6.00

Eusebius, the bishop of Caesarea, wrote the first book to recount the struggles and victories of the first followers of Christ. In this year-long course, Chadwick's The Early Church is used as the main text, and students are directed to Eusebius' The History of the Church when ancient testimony is appropriate.

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City of God, arguably Augustine's greatest book, is the source of some of Western society's greatest and most cherished beliefs. Augustine's book serves as the cultural fountainhead of all that followed, and it is unlikely that it will ever be equaled.

The Teacher Guide contains helpful chapter summaries and an answer key for the Student Guide.

Christian S tu d ies

37

FIND US ON

The Memoria Press YouTube channel is full of video resources for your educational journey – podcasts that tackle the heart of classical learning, deep dives into the virtues of Famous Men, Teaching Guidelines on a variety of subjects, and much more!

SUBSCRIBE TODAY AT: YouTube.com/MemoriaPress

Make the most of our Classical Core Curriculum with personalized lesson plans.

Learn more about the Customized Curriculum Manual at

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Cheryl’s Corner Why study the Greeks and Romans? They are all dead, their civilization is dead and gone, and they were pagans, not Christians.

What do they have to say to us? Just as Latin is not dead, it is also true that Greece and Rome are not dead. They, too, are immortal in their architecture, art, law, government, languages, mythology, literature, and philosophy. The cultures of Greece and Rome live around and through us every day. Students who study Greece and Rome soon see that those cultures are everywhere, and they have been living as Greeks and Romans all of their lives.

Classical Core Curriculum

READ-ALOUD PROGRAMS Kindergarten Read-Aloud Set pictured. For a complete list of books in each set, visit MemoriaPress.com.

Choose from: • Jr. Kindergarten Read-Aloud $377.57 • Kindergarten Read-Aloud $392.58 • Kindergarten Science & Enrichment $368.56 • First Grade Read-Aloud $387.50 • First Grade Science & Enrichment $277.51 • Second Grade Read-Aloud $381.55 • Second Grade Science & Enrichment $200.19 • Third Grade Read-Aloud Novels $187.82 • Third Grade Read-Aloud Picture Books $359.26 • Third Grade American $148.73 To complete the Literature & Enrichment portion of the K-2 curriculum, you will need the weekly read-alouds. You may already own many of these classic books, but you can also gather them at the library or purchase them from us. We schedule Literature ReadAlouds and American Studies Read-Alouds for older students in our 3rd-6th grade Curriculum Manuals. These grammar school sets are supplemental as time and interest permit.

Memoria Press Streaming Streaming Audio:

• Prima Latina • Latina Christiana • Latin Forms Series • Latin Recitation • Lingua Angelica

• Music Appreciation • First Start French I & II • Elementary Greek I-III • Greek Forms Series • Reading Music

Streaming Video:

• Classical Composition • Traditional Logic I & II • Material Logic • Classical Rhetoric • Prima Latina • Latina Christiana • First Form Latin • Second Form Latin • Third Form Latin • Fourth Form Latin • First Form Greek • Henle Latin First Year

• Latin Recitation • Greek Tragedies • Divine Comedy • Aeneid • Iliad • Odyssey • Algebra I • Algebra II • Biology • Kindergarten Phonics & Reading • A Classical History of Art

Our Streaming Instructional Videos are a digital alternative to physical DVDs, and require only a device (computer, phone, tablet) with internet access. They include the same thorough and engaging teacher instruction as our DVDs. Purchase of a subscription gives you LIFETIME ACCESS to the videos!

• Fourth Grade Read-Aloud $144.35 • Fourth Grade American $83.90 • Fifth Grade Read-Aloud $114.64 • Fifth Grade American $70.88 • Sixth Grade Read-Aloud $87.76 • Sixth Grade American $61.90

Don't need an entire package?

Lesson Plans by Subject $3.00 - $16.00 per subject Memoria Press' lesson plans by subject allow you to tailor the Classical Core Curriculum to your own needs. These plans retain our week-at-a-glance layout, scheduling the individual subjects of each grade so you can mix and match as you need.

✓ Latin Forms Series ✓ Literature ✓ Classical Studies ✓ Kindergarten Phonics ✓ Christian Studies ✓ Geography ✓ Math & Science ✓ AND MORE!

OR Shop entire list online: www.MemoriaPress.com/lesson-plans

Stream today at MemoriaPress.com/streaming

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Read - A l ou d S ets & S treaming

39

The Classical Core Curriculum is a complete classical Christian curriculum that emphasizes the traditional liberal arts of language and mathematics and the cultural heritage of the Christian West as expressed in the great works of history and literature. The curriculum has an early focus on the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and a special emphasis on Latin. Latin is the best way to gain an academic vocabulary and to learn the formal system of grammar, and is, along with math, the best early critical thinking skills training. The study of the cultures of Athens and Rome, as well as biblical and Church history, is designed to provide a basis for a proper understanding of European and American history.

Classical Core Curriculum

PRESCHOOL

$231.14 Full Set (all books + Curriculum Manual) $30 Curriculum Manual Only

• Preschool Curriculum Manual • Prayers for Children • Jesus Is With Me • Jesus Hears Me • Jesus Knows Me • Big Red Barn • The Best Mouse Cookie • Little Fur Family • Bunny's Noisy Book • From Head to Toe • Goodnight Moon • Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What Do You Hear?

• Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? • Numbers, Colors, Shapes

• The Very Busy Spider • Good Night, Gorilla • The Tale of Peter Rabbit • Fuzzy Yellow Ducklings • My Very First Book of Shapes • ABC: An Amazing Alphabet Book!

• Put Me in the Zoo • Hand, Hand, Fingers, Thumb • Cars and Trucks From A to Z • My First Counting Book • The Animals' Christmas Eve • Big Dog ... Little Dog • Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You? • A Children's Treasury of Nursery Rhymes • 1 Is One

Classical Core Curriculum JR. KINDERGARTEN $154.17 Full Set (all books + 2-Day Curriculum Manual) $68.31 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $30 Curriculum Manual Only $377.57 Supplemental Read-Aloud Program Character Building Supplements: Myself & Others Book I Core Set $59.76 Myself & Others Book II Core Set $23.35

• Jr. Kindergarten Curriculum Manual • Counting With Numbers • Numbers & Colors • Prayers for Children • Alphabet Books 1 & 2 • Numbers Coloring Book • Alphabet Coloring Book • Alphabet Flashcards • Alphabet Manuscript Wall Charts

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Cl assical Core Cu rricu l u m

• Richard Scarry's Best Mother Goose Ever • Big Thoughts for Little People (Devotional) • Hailstones and Halibut Bones (Poetry) • The Book of Crafts: Jr. Kindergarten • My Very Own Scissors Book

5-Day Junior Kindergarten Curriculum now available! | $224.59 Check out the book list: MemoriaPress.com/JK-5

Curriculum prices valid as of printing.

Subject to change.

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Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $170.34 Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available!

Classical Core Curriculum

KINDERGARTEN

ENRICHMENT

CURRICULUM MANUAL

Kindergarten Enrichment; Kindergarten Book of Crafts; Kindergarten Art Cards; Animals, Animals; A Child's Book of Poems; Music Enrichment

Lesson Plans for One Year

RETAIL

657.97

$

PACKAGE PRICE

495.82

$

MATH

CHRISTIAN

Numbers Book set; Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1 Student (Part 1), Teacher, and Practice Sheets; Arithmetic Flashcards: Addition & Subtraction; Memoria Math Challenge A

The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment

PHONICS & SPELLING 100 Days of Summer Reading Book I; Classical Phonics; Phonics Flashcards; First Start Reading A-D; First Start Reading Storybooks A-D; Phonics & Reading Streaming Instructional Videos; Christian Liberty Nature Reader, Book K; Scamp and Tramp; Soft and White; Fun in the Sun; Animal Alphabet Coloring Book; Kindergarten Phonics Supplemental Workbook; Manuscript Practice Sheets; Cut & Paste Book

MORNING WORK

PENMANSHIP

OPTIONAL

Kindergarten Morning Work; Manner of the Week Wall Charts and Flashcards

Copybook I; Composition & Sketchbook I

For extra practice as needed.

Primary Phonics Readers, Set 1

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 502-966-9115.

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Cl assical Core Cu rricu l u m

41

Classical Core Curriculum

RETAIL

533.52

$

GRADE 1

PACKAGE PRICE

$

403.67

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $188.04 Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available!

LITERATURE

CURRICULUM MANUAL

StoryTime Treasures set; More StoryTime Treasures set; Winter on the Farm; Christmas in the Big Woods; Little House Christmas Treasury; 100 Days of Summer Reading Book II

Lesson Plans for One Year

PHONICS & SPELLING

PENMANSHIP

ENRICHMENT

First Start Reading Book E; First Start Reading Storybook E; Traditional Spelling I set

New American Cursive 1; Copybook II; Composition & Sketchbook II; Cursive Practice Sheets I; Alphabet Wall Poster; Summer Cursive; Penmanship Tablet

First Grade Book of Crafts; First Grade Enrichment; First Grade Art Cards

MATH

OPTIONAL

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1 Student (Part 2); Rod & Staff Arithmetic 2 Student (Unit 1), Teacher (Part 1), and Practice Sheets Book 1; Memoria Math Challenge B

For extra practice as needed.

Primary Phonics Readers, Sets 2-6

American Language Series

OR

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $158.42 New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Classical Phonics; Phonics Flashcards; A Child's Book of Poems; Animals, Animals; The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment; Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1 Teacher Manual and Practice Sheets; Arithmetic Flashcards: Addition & Subtraction; Music Enrichment

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 502-966-9115.

42

Cl assical Core Cu rricu l u m

MemoriaPress.com

Classical Core Curriculum

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $245.31

GRADE 2

Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available!

CURRICULUM MANUAL Lesson Plans for One Year

SCIENCE Rod & Staff Patterns of Nature set

AMERICAN/ MODERN

670.03

$

PACKAGE PRICE

LATIN & GRAMMAR

$

507.62

Prima Latina complete set; Introduction to English Grammar

Stories of Great Americans for Little Americans

RETAIL

Instructional Videos available as Streaming or DVDs!

PENMANSHIP

MATH

New American Cursive 2; Copybook Cursive I; Composition & Sketchbook II; Prima Latina Copybook; Penmanship Tablet

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 2 Student (Units 2-4), Teacher (Part 2), Practice Sheets Book 2, Supplemental Pack; Memoria Math Challenge C; Memoria Math Supplemental Workbook: Review of First Grade Math

MORNING WORK English Grammar Practice

LITERATURE

ENRICHMENT

Second Grade Literature set; Second Grade Literature Dictionary; 100 Days of Summer Reading Book III

Second Grade Enrichment; Second Grade Book of Crafts; Second Grade Art Cards

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $146.72

PHONICS & SPELLING

OPTIONAL

New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Traditional Spelling II set

Cursive Practice Sheets II; Easy Reader Classics

Classical Phonics; Phonics Flashcards; A Child's Book of Poems; Animals, Animals; Music Enrichment; The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment; Arithmetic Flashcards: Addition & Subtraction; Rod & Staff Arithmetic 2 Student (Unit 1), Practice Sheets Book 1, and Teacher (Part 1)

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Cl assical Core Cu rricu l u m

43

Classical Core Curriculum

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $304.00 Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available!

GRADE 3

RETAIL $

967.56

PACKAGE PRICE

650.12

$

LATIN

SCIENCE

Latina Christiana set, LC Review Worksheets set; Latina Christiana: Games & Puzzles set

Mammals set

CURRICULUM MANUAL Lesson Plans for One Year

AMERICAN/MODERN

WRITING

PENMANSHIP

MATH

States & Capitals set; FlashKids States & Capitals Flashcards

Adventures in Writing

New American Cursive 3

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 3 Student, Teacher, Supplemental Worksheets and Key, Blacklines, Speed Drills; Multiplication Flashcards: 0 to 12; Division Flashcards: 0 to 12

CLASSICAL

GRAMMAR

SPELLING

D'Aulaires' Greek Myths set; Timeline Program

English Grammar Recitation and English Grammar Recitation Workbook I set and Flashcards; Core Skills Language Arts 3

Traditional Spelling III set

CHRISTIAN

LITERATURE/POETRY

Christian Studies I set; The Golden Children's Bible; Memory Verse Flashcards; Old Testament Flashcards

Third Grade Literature set; Poetry for the Grammar Stage set; The Best Christmas Pageant Ever

OPTIONAL

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Cursive Practice Sheets III

Latina Christiana Flashcards $16.75

Instructional Videos available as Streaming or DVDs!

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Traditional Spelling IV

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Fourth Grade Literature set; Papa Panov's Special Christmas; Twelve Days of Christmas; A Promise Kept: The Story of Christmas; Good King Wenceslas

Copybook Cursive II

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Classical Composition I: Fable Student, Teacher, Videos

The Book of Astronomy set

English Grammar Recitation Workbook II set; Core Skills Language Arts 4

Transitioning to the Classical Core Curriculum in Grade 4?

In our third grade package, students complete half of D'Aulaires' Greek Myths, Latina Christiana, Christian Studies I, and States and Capitals, as well as parts of Poetry for the Grammar Stage, which they will continue to use through seventh grade.

The purchase of this package assumes that you have the books that are in our third grade package and have completed the first half of them.

If you are starting the Classical Core Curriculum in fourth grade, we have a discounted transitional package for you: $696.26 Grade 4 for New Users Visit MemoriaPress.com for a complete book list and more information.

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Instructional Videos available as Streaming or DVDs!

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Alphabet Books; Alphabet Flashcards; Alphabet Coloring Book (p. 72); My Very Own Scissors Book (p. 71); Manuscript Charts (p. 79)

K

1st

2nd

Kindergarten Phonics Supplemental Workbook; Classical Phonics; First Start Reading A-D; 100 Days of Summer Reading I; Phonics Flashcards (p. 74); Animal Alphabet Coloring Book; American Language Readers; Nature Reader K

Traditional Spelling I (p. 75); StoryTime and More StoryTime Treasures Literature Sets (p. 14); 100 Days of Summer Reading II; First Start Reading Book E (p. 74)

Traditional Spelling II (p. 75); 100 Days of Summer Reading III (p. 74); Second Grade Literature Set (p. 14)

Latin & Greek

Literature, Phonics, & Spelling

Jr. K

Prayers for Children; Big Thoughts for Little People

The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment (p. 37)

The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment (p. 37)

The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment (p. 37)

Counting With Numbers; Numbers Coloring Book; Numbers & Colors (p. 72)

Numbers Books; Memoria Math Challenge A; Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1, Part 1 (pp. 72-73)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1, Part 2; Rod & Staff Arithmetic 2, Unit 1; Memoria Math Challenge B (p. 73)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 2, Units 2-4; Memoria Math Challenge C (p. 73)

Copybook II; Composition & Sketchbook II; New American Cursive 1; Penmanship Tablet; Alphabet Wall Poster; Cursive Practice Sheets; Summer Cursive (pp. 78-79)

New American Cursive 2 (p. 78); Copybook Cursive I; Composition & Sketchbook II (p. 79); Prima Latina Copybook (p. 8); Penmanship Tablet

First Grade Art Cards (p. 67); First Grade Enrichment; First Grade Book of Crafts; Music Enrichment (p. 70); Animals, Animals; A Child's Book of Poems

Second Grade Enrichment; Second Grade Book of Crafts; Music Enrichment (p. 70); Second Grade Art Cards (p. 67); Patterns of Nature; Animals, Animals; A Child's Book of Poems

The Alphabet Books and Numbers & Colors are used for Penmanship practice.

Copybook I; Composition & Sketchbook I (p. 79)

Book of Crafts, Jr. K (p. 70); Richard Scarry's Mother Goose; Hailstones and Halibut Bones

Kindergarten Art Cards (p. 67); Kindergarten Enrichment; Book of Crafts, K; Music Enrichment (p. 70); Animals, Animals; A Child's Book of Poems

American/ Modern

Grammar & Logic

Science & Enrichment

Penmanship & Writing

Math

Classical & Christian

Prima Latina (p. 4)

English Grammar Practice (p. 84); Introduction to English Grammar (p. 4)

Kindergarten Enrichment is used for American/Modern Studies.

First Grade Enrichment is used for American/Modern Studies.

Stories of Great Americans for Little Americans (p. 63)

Tr

ok

3rd

4th

5th

6th

Traditional Spelling III (p. 75); Third Grade Literature Set (p. 14); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 22)

Traditional Spelling IV (p. 75); Fourth Grade Literature Set (p. 14); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 22)

Spelling Workout F; Fifth Grade Literature Set (p. 16); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 22)

Spelling Workout G; Sixth Grade Literature Set (p. 16); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 22)

Second Form Latin (p. 7)

Latina Christiana; Latina Christiana Review Worksheets (p. 4)

First Form Latin (p. 7); Lingua Angelica I (p. 9)

D'Aulaires' Book of Greek Myths (p. 28); Timeline Program (p. 31); Golden Children's Bible; Christian Studies I (p. 37)

Famous Men of Rome (p. 28); Golden Children's Bible; Christian Studies II (p. 37)

Famous Men of the Middle Ages (p. 28); Golden Children's Bible; Christian Studies III (p. 37)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 3 (p. 73)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 4 (p. 73)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 5 (p. 73)

Rod & Staff Mathematics 6 (p. 73)

Adventures in Writing (p. 84); New American Cursive 3 (p. 78)

Classical Composition: Fable (p. 84); Copybook Cursive II (p. 79)

Classical Composition: Narrative (p. 84); Copybook Cursive III (p. 79)

Classical Composition: Chreia & Maxim (p. 84); Copybook Cursive IV (p. 79)

Mammals (p. 91)

Book of Astronomy (p. 91)

Book of Insects (p. 91)

Book of Birds (p. 91); Exploring the History of Medicine (p. 92)

Core Skills Language Arts 3; English Grammar Recitation I (p. 84)

Core Skills Language Arts 4

States and Capitals (p. 61)

English Grammar Recitation II (p. 84)

Core Skills Language Arts 5

Geography I & United States Review (p. 61)

English Grammar Recitation III (p. 84); Core Skills Language Arts 6

Geography II & Geography I Review (p. 61)

F

et )

);

8th

9th

10th

Spelling Workout H; Seventh Grade Literature Set (p. 16); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 22)

Eighth Grade Literature Set (p. 16); Poetry & Short Stories for the Logic Stage (p. 22)

Ninth Grade Literature Set (p. 18); The British Tradition I (p. 22); Book of the Middle Ages (p. 31)

Tenth Grade Literature Set (p. 18); The British Tradition II (p. 22)

Third Form Latin (p. 7); Greek Alphabet (p. 64)

Fourth Form Latin (p. 7); Henle I (p. 10); First Form Greek (p. 65) (optional)

Famous Men of Greece (p. 28); Horatius at the Bridge (p. 33); Christian Studies IV (p. 37)

Henle Latin II (p. 10); Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage (p. 9); Second Form Greek (p. 65) (optional)

Mueller's Caesar (De Bello Gallico) (p. 10)

Book of the Ancient World & Ancient Greeks (p. 30); Iliad & Odyssey (p. 32)

Book of the Ancient Romans (p. 30); Aeneid (p. 32); Story of Christianity (p. 36)

Greek Tragedies (p. 33); History of the Early Church (p. 37)

Prealgebra (p. 73)

VideoText Algebra, Year One (p. 73)

VideoText Algebra, Year Two (p. 73)

VideoText Geometry (p. 73)

Classical Composition: Refutation & Confirmation (p. 84)

Classical Composition: Common Topic (p. 84)

Classical Composition: Encomium, Invective, & Comparison (p. 84)

Classical Composition: Characterization and Description (p. 84)

Book of Trees (p. 91); Exploring the World of Biology (p. 92)

Physical Science (p. 92)

General Biology (p. 92)

General Chemistry (p. 92)

English Grammar Recitation IV (p. 84); Core Skills Language Arts 7

English Grammar Recitation V (p. 84); Core Skills Language Arts 8

Traditional Logic I & II (p. 87)

Material Logic (p. 87)

200 Questions About American History; 13 Colonies (p. 62); Story of the World, Vol. 4

Geography III (p. 61)

Renaissance & Reformation Times (p. 31)

A History of Medieval Europe (p. 62)

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PROJECTED SEQUENCE FOR 11TH AND 12TH GRADES

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The Divine Comedy (p. 18) Twelfth Grade Literature Set (p. 18); The British Tradition III (p. 22)

Latin & Greek

Literature, Phonics, & Spelling

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AP Vergil (p. 11)

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The Republic and the Laws & On Obligations (p. 33); City of God (p. 37)

Christian Apologetics and Introduction to Philosophy

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Classical & Christian

Henle Latin III (p. 10)

CONVENTIONS CALENDAR

Penmanship & Writing

Precalculus

Calculus

The Memoria Press team loves hitting the road and meeting our customers face to face! Come visit us at the conventions listed below and explore our award-winning curriculum.

Classical Composition: Thesis & Law (p. 84)

Physics (p. 92)

Grammar, Logic, & Rhetoric

Science & Enrichment

Great Homeschool Conventions - Greenville, SC

Anatomy (uses Modern Biology text)

Great Homeschool Conventions - St. Charles, MO

March 21-23

Indiana Association of Home Educators - Indianapolis, IN

March 22-23

Great Homeschool Conventions - Cincinnati, OH

April 4-6

Texas Home School Coalition - Fort Worth, TX

April 18-20

Minnesota Association of Christian Home Educators - Rochester, MN

May 17-18

Florida Parent Educators Association - Kissimmee, FL

May 23-25

Home Educators Association of Virginia - Richmond, VA

June 6-8

Great Homeschool Conventions - Ontario, CA

Modern Studies

Classical Rhetoric (p. 87)

March 14-16

June 13-15

Society for Classical Learning - National Harbor, MD

June 13-15

Association of Classical Christian Schools - Atlanta, GA

June 19-22

Memoria Press Conference - Louisville, KY

July 8-12

Great Homeschool Conventions - Round Rock, TX

July 11-13

Arizona Families for Home Education - Phoenix, AZ

July 12-13

View our full convention schedule online: A History of Europe in the Modern World, Volumes 1 & 2 (p. 62)

A Concise History of the American Republic (p. 62)

MemoriaPress.com/Conventions

Classical Core Curriculum

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605.31

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $227.26 Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available!

GRADE 5 CURRICULUM MANUAL

LATIN First Form Latin complete set; Lingua Angelica I set; Latin Grammar Recitation

Lesson Plans for One Year

WRITING

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MATH

Classical Composition II: Narrative Student, Teacher, Videos

English Grammar Recitation Workbook II set; Core Skills Language Arts 5

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 5 Student, Teacher (Parts 1-2), Tests, Speed Drills

AMERICAN/MODERN

CLASSICAL

CHRISTIAN

Geography I set, including The United States Review set and Geography Flashcards

Famous Men of Rome set

Christian Studies II set, Copybook Cursive III

SPELLING

SCIENCE

LITERATURE

Spelling Workout F set

The Book of Insects set

Fifth Grade Literature set

Monarch Butterfly • Lepidoptera Greek: λεπιδος + πτερα] m eans "scale-winged" • Cabbage butterfly, sphinx moth, monarch butterfly, brush-footed butterfly, swallowtail butterfly, luna moth • Complete metamorphosis • Characteristics: large wings and coiling mouthparts • Also includes: tiger moth, cecropia moth, skipper butterfly

Honeybee • Hymenoptera Greek: υµεν + πτερα] m eans "membrane-winged" • Paper wasp, yellow jacket, hornet, carpenter ant, fire ant, honeybee, bumblebee • Complete metamorphosis • Characteristics: slender waist and stingers • Also includes: saw fly, mud dauber, bulldog ant, sweat bee

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $150.79 – New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Timeline Program; Poetry for the Grammar Stage set; English Grammar Recitation; English Grammar Recitation Flashcards; The Golden Children's Bible; Old Testament Flashcards; Memory Verse Flashcards

Instructional Videos available as Streaming or DVDs!

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Cl assical Core Cu rricu l u m

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GRADE 6

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Second Form Latin complete set

Geography II set, including Geography I Review set

CURRICULUM MANUAL

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Rod & Staff Mathematics 6 Student, Teacher (Parts 1-2), Quizzes & Speed Tests, Tests

Classical Composition III: Chreia & Maxim Student, Teacher, Videos

Famous Men of the Middle Ages set

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English Grammar Recitation Workbook III set; Core Skills Language Arts 6

Spelling Workout G set

The Book of Birds set; Exploring the History of Medicine set

LITERATURE

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Sixth Grade Literature set

Christian Studies III set; New Testament Flashcards; Copybook Cursive IV

Instructional Videos available as Streaming or DVDs!

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $156.67 – New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Timeline Program; Poetry for the Grammar Stage set; English Grammar Recitation; English Grammar Recitation Flashcards; The Golden Children's Bible; Memory Verse Flashcards; Geography Flashcards

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Classical Core Curriculum

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Classical Composition IV: Refutation & Confirmation Student, Teacher, Videos

Lesson Plans for One Year

SPELLING

AMERICAN/MODERN

CLASSICAL

Spelling Workout H set

The Story of the Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic set; American History Outline set; 200 Questions About American History set and Flashcards; The Story of the World, Vol. 4

Famous Men of Greece set; Horatius at the Bridge set; The Greek Alphabet set

CHRISTIAN MATH

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College of the Redwoods Prealgebra set

The Book of Trees set; Exploring the World of Biology set

Christian Studies IV set

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English Grammar Recitation Workbook IV set; Core Skills Language Arts 7

Seventh Grade Literature set

Instructional Videos available as Streaming or DVDs!

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NEW USER ADD-ON SET $106.44 – New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

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Timeline Program; Poetry for the Grammar Stage set; English Grammar Recitation; English Grammar Recitation Flashcards

Geography & Timeline Review

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The Book of the Ancient Greeks set; The Iliad set; The Odyssey set

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Fourth Form Latin complete set; Henle Latin First Year

Classical Composition V: Common Topic Student, Teacher, Videos

The Book of the Ancient World set

MATH

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VideoText Algebra, Year One (Modules A-C)*

Novare Physical Science Text and Digital Resources

Geography III Text, Student, Teacher, and Classroom Atlas

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LITERATURE/POETRY

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Eighth Grade Literature set; Poetry & Short Stories for the Logic Stage: 19th and 20th Centuries set; Bard of Avon

First Form Greek

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $38.16 – New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Geography Flashcards; English Grammar Recitation; English Grammar Recitation Flashcards

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Cl assical Core Cu rricu l u m

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Classical Core Curriculum

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Henle Latin Second Year Student Guide, Flashcards, Quizzes & Tests, Text, and Key; Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage

The Book of the Ancient Romans set; The Aeneid set

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Traditional Logic I & II complete sets

Classical Composition VI: Encomium, Invective, & Comparison Student, Teacher, Videos

The Story of Christianity set

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Ninth Grade Literature set; The British Tradition I: Poetry, Prose, & Drama set; The Book of the Middle Ages

Renaissance & Reformation Times set

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Novare General Biology Text and Digital Resources, Biology Coloring Workbook

VideoText Algebra, Year Two (Modules D-F)*

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Cl assical Core Cu rricu l u m

Instructional Videos available as Streaming or DVDs!

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History of the Early Church set

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Medea & Other Plays set; The Three Theban Plays set; The Oresteian Trilogy set

A History of Medieval Europe set

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Classical Composition VII: Characterization and Classical Composition VIII: Description Student, Teacher, Videos

Tenth Grade Literature set; The British Tradition II: Poetry & Prose set

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Novare General Chemistry Text, Digital Resources, Complete Solutions Manual, Student Lab Report Handbook, and Experiments for High School at Home

Material Logic complete set

VideoText Geometry (Modules A-E)*

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55

JERUSALEM’S CLAIM ON US

by Dr. Louise Cowan

W

hat has the Greek quest for excellence and order and beauty to do with the Hebrew quest for the living God? This is the question the Church Fathers asked themselves, a query that we still must raise from time to time. And in our day in particular, it is the question that Christian educators in the West should make their primary concern. For the liberal arts are indisputably Greek in their orientation: And yet those bright gods on Mt. Olympus, who mingled with men (and women!), jealously coveted sacrifices, and accepted official commemoration in marble temples and olive groves, have little to do with the hidden presence who spoke from a burning bush. And the center of our faith—that lonely One who hung on the cross at Golgotha and redefined the purposes of life—took as His earthly ancestry the Hebrew tradition, with its tendency to regard as idolatry any representation such as we in the West have called art.

Writing a poem or painting a picture is a little like fashioning a golden calf. Hence, at first glance, nothing seems further from the concerns of art and human culture than the Scriptural heritage with which Jesus Christ aligned Himself. And yet the Western intellectual tradition contains a Hebrew strain even more surely than a Hellenic one. Perhaps, then, educators need to take a look at the peculiar contradictions and the wide inclusiveness of this much maligned and greatly misunderstood "master narrative," as its detractors have called the Western tradition.

More than a century ago, in his essay "Hebraism and Hellenism," Matthew Arnold addressed the contradictions the West has faced in inheriting two such diverse strains, attributing much of our cultural difficulties to these conflicting ideas of the Good. The object of the Greek way of thought, as he said, is to know rightly; the object of the Hebrew is to do rightly. Perhaps we could rephrase his statements to say that the highest calling of the Greeks is to pass by appearances and "hit the mark" of intellectual truth, whereas the supreme obligation of the Hebrews is to walk in the way of the Lord and on His law to meditate day and night. It has been the complicated task of Christian culture to bring these two imperatives together, and in these changing times it is dangerous to allow either tradition to be lost or to be narrowed into private concerns. No doubt one of the great strengths of Western Dr. Louise Cowan served for many years as the graduate dean and chair of the English Department at the U niversity of Dallas, and as director of its Institute of Philosophic Studies. She was a founding fellow of the Dallas Institute of H umanities and Culture, and the recipient of numerous awards, grants, and professorships. This article is an abridged version of " Jerusalem' s Claim on U s," which appeared in the Intercollegiate Review in the Spring of 2 001. The Intercollegiate Review is published by the Intercollegiate Studies Institute. Students and teachers can receive this publication free by signing up online (www.isi.org/ intercollegiate-review). This article is printed with permission of Intercollegiate Studies Institute.

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civilization has been its ability to draw on these two heritages and produce artists and thinkers of sometimes outrageous paradox—witness such thinkers and artists as Augustine, Dante, El Greco, Donne, Milton, Goya, Beethoven, Goethe, Melville, Kierkegaard, Hopkins, Dostoevsky, Nie sche, Mahler, Rouault, and Faulkner, among others. All of these manifest a Greek sense of form combined with a Hebraic sense of restlessness and a haunting sense of that darkness we call sin.

DIFFERING VIEWS OF ART The Greek mode of thought gave rise not only to philosophy, but to the quest for harmony and beauty. It invented philosophy and provided the models for epic, tragedy, and comedy. In their art the Greeks discovered myth and symbol as modes of human imagination that arise from the earth like a cloudy veil wafting up toward the sky, rather than coming down like manna from heaven.

The Israelites had no such figure: for them the numinous was not to be found in indirection. The glory of the heavens and the wide stretch of the firmament of which the psalm ist sang were not m ere sy m bols of something else: They were creations of God, awesome realities which He had made. And Yahweh Himself, speaking from the whirlwind to Job, brings home the realization that the creature cannot rival the Creator: "Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?

Can you draw Leviathan with a hook? Could you make the mighty nostrils of the horse?" And confronted with this mysterium tremendum, Job is abashed, as well he might be. He had heard of Yahweh, he says, but now that he sees Him he repents in dust and ashes. He does not actually see God, of course; he is made to "see" only His creation. But in the more intimate mode of Hebraic thought, he hears His word. He knows the artist from the artwork—and is forcibly made aware that God, not he, is the maker.

And as a matter of fact, hardly any Old Testament figure is allowed to create, except of course in some of the most gorgeous poetry of praise the world has known.

But on the whole, the Israelite was not portrayed as homo faber (creative man). For the ancient Hebrews it is not the things one makes that count; rather, it is one's relation to the God that made all things.

How different the Promethean view, which may be taken to represent the Greek attitude toward the status of humankind. According to Aeschylus, after Prometheus taught mortals "all the arts," they were expected to use their skills to create and to advance civilization. But the Israelites, as the noted Jewish theologian and philosopher Martin Buber comments, made no real contributions to painting or sculpture or architecture. Their task, as he points out, was to work with a m ore recalcitrant medium: human hearts and wills. And the end of their work was not a m onum ent but a com m unity .

Je ru sal em' s Cl aim on U s

57

VIEWS OF THE COSMOS But the Israelites gave us the concept of the book and in Exodus the unforgettable liberation epic of the world.

They set the pattern for narrative and bequeathed to us a sense of the desert experience and a divine discontent with the things of civilization. They established the norms for lyric poetry. And they passed down to us something radically new: not myth but history, a movement forward in time, and therefore, the sense of an ending.

Further, their dominant paradigm was not the lonely m asculine hero, as in classical culture, but m arriage, man and woman standing side by side as partners— Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca, Jacob and Rachel. These are the ancestors: two people working together and, amazingly in the Abraham story, journeying together in Odyssean fashion, surviving by their wits across the many miles that lead from r to the land of Canaan. Marriage is the figure the prophets use for Yahweh's love for His people. The awesome God of the Hebrews loves His chosen people passionately, is jealous of them, hurt by them, reproachful of them, but alway s faithful to them .

What Greek myth implies is somewhat different: that the gods are children of earth (Gaia) and sky ( ranos), and though mortals are thoroughly second-rate, they are called upon to be as like the gods as they can.

Though gods sometimes mix with mortals ( eus has an indefatigable attraction to beautiful maidens), nonetheless, an "iron sky," in Pindar's phrase, divides the two realms.

Magnanimity (great-souledness) is the highest virtue; a noble humanism pervades Hellenic art and thought. In striking contrast to the Greek, Hebrew literature assigns immense significance to humankind, made in the image of God, though it enjoins a necessary humility in the face of the Creator's majesty and power. It affirms that mortals are not simply offspring of nature or of Mother Earth but children of the God beyond gods—and obligated through the very fact of their existence. In creating humankind and promising to be present to His people, God has made a covenant with the human race through those who will hear His voice. Thus, in the Hebraic tradition God is to be found by means not so much of human eros as God's agape, His overwhelming hesed, to use the Hebrew word.

And His first act of covenant was creation: All of creation was undertaken from an outpouring of generosity, issuing in a creature like Himself, in His own image, one that could know and understand and love.

The glory and the benevolence of the creation story are unmatched in the entire literature of the world. The verses give an account of such majesty, in such poetic terms, that even for moderns, across the centuries, wise in the ways of black holes and the possibility of parallel universes, the Genesis story remains an account of Truth, not mere fable or primitive superstition.

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Je ru sal em' s Cl aim on U s

I n none other of the num erous cosm ic creation myths that have been discovered (at least so I am told) is there any thing like this account—a deity who fashions a cosmos out of love, possessing the majesty and benevolence of this creator God. He makes things by the power of His effective word and calls His creation good, in the way that an artist matches the idea to the form, knowing beforehand what he is doing and yet surprised at its realized beauty. Creation is a work of art, brought into existence by the spoken Word—God's thought, His design, His gathering together in an imaginative act, His electrifying creation ex nihilo. Thus human persons, made in the image of God, though not called to be ingenious or aesthetic, are by their very nature intended to bring things into being, as their Creator did, poetically.

But Yahweh's blazing furnace of love is a terror to the Israelites and to those who take His revelation seriously. Martin Buber writes: The fear of God is the creaturely knowledge of the darkness to which none of our spiritual powers can reach, and out of which God reveals himself…. It is the dark gate through which man must pass if he is to enter into the love of God.

The burning coal placed on Isaiah's lips is the gift of love and of poetry: It is a terrifying ability to suffer the eternal in the midst of the temporal. Artists and thinkers in the West, under the biblical influence, have known that their work must include a recognition of this dark gate; and they themselves must endure at least an analogue of the burning coal.

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The Bible thus provides a different and seemingly antithetical model from that given in Greek literature. t demands one's whole heart and one's whole viscera.

Nonetheless, without in the least giving up a faith in Scripture, Westerners still find within themselves qualities that only the classical vision can express. The Hellenic cosmos of intellect and heroism, competition and perfection, is a fine model, never to be forgotten by anyone who has encountered Athens. It reveals the unchanging nature of things and the nobility of the human spirit. But the Hebrew cosmos—God's revelation to His chosen ones—has been a more intimate if sometimes invisible paradigm for thinkers in the West. It offers a covenantal model—a bond, a contract, a mutual promise—to be made freely by the will and requiring the offering of one's word. One's relation with God depends not on virtue or achievement but on a covenant to be His and to acknowledge Him as one's own. The seventeenthcentury metaphysical poet George Herbert captured in "Love III" the absurd but splendid generosity of such a donor, offering a love that creates, prepares a feast, makes a covenant, suffers the indignity of refusal, gives His own substance as nourishment.

Herbert's poem expresses an intimacy, an "appetite for God," in C. S. Lewis' phrase, that could have come about only through the influence of Scripture. Images of feasting, of sexual union, of seeing, of the Eucharist—these are used to express the immediacy and generosity of Christ's love and the necessity of its mutuality. All this is to indicate the intimacy of God's love for man; and all this would be, in St. Paul's words, "a scandal to the Greeks."

But the corollary to this generosity is sobering.

Y ahweh has a terrify ing potentiality for what the J ews called "the evil urge," a power within God that can scourge and destroy. The Old Testament authors saw into the abyss as even the Greek tragedians were unable to do. They looked on God's majesty and on human violence and depravity with unaverted gaze. Part of their legacy to Western writers and artists, then, has been a sense of darkness and sin that cannot be erased from the im agination.

Christian art and thought are heir to these two strains which, in having been lived out among two great and gifted peoples, have informed the Western imagination.

By taking the Hebrew Tanach as its "Old Testament" and considering it as part of its own revelation, Christianity followed and extended the Hebraic vision of life, challenging the classical view not only of time but also of matter. For Greek thinkers, matter represented change and illusion. But for Christians, when God Himself took on human flesh, matter was given dignity and potentiality. It is not only the doctrine of Christ's incarnation, however, that testifies to the worth and eternal significance of the body; this belief is borne out 1- 5 02- 9 6 6 - 9 115

even further in the Christian teaching of resurrection, centering on and emerging from Christ's crucifixion—a scandal, too, as St. Paul indicated. So also with the ideas of grace, forgiveness, and the teachings of the Sermon on the Mount, that revolutionary document that proclaims the ultim ate trium ph of the m eek, the poor in spirit, the mourners, the persecuted. This deliberate counter-saying to the noble and reasonable classical ethic has enormous im plications for W estern culture. W ithin it, phenom ena take on a heretofore undreamed of significance.

THE CHRISTIAN CONTRADICTION However, rather than resting with Arnold's idea that we in the West are somewhat disunified, I might venture to say that it is in this very tension, this doubleness of vision, this intolerable contradiction, that the genius of Western art and thought resides. We say, in effect: The good is impossible and we must undertake it; images are idolatrous and we must find the divine order through them; the human is confined within nature and we must go through the finite toward something transcendent; human suffering is a punishment for sin and they that mourn and are persecuted will inherit the kingdom.

This scandal of contradiction has produced in the West far more than the obviously "Christ-haunted" poets and philosophers. I t is at the base of all our thought. A s a matter of fact, the personal beliefs of our writers and artists have less to do with this paradox than does their imaginative heritage. William Faulkner, when he was asked point blank if he were Christian, gave one of his evasive but always provocative replies: He had grown up surrounded by that story, he said, and considered it the best story he had ever heard. And of course he has hit upon the important thing. The question is not whether artists themselves are Christian in their personal belief, but what it is that they reflect in their art. We know nothing of Shakespeare's religion, for instance; yet his plays are thoroughly Christian in outlook, with Greek and Roman influences—and very little of the Old Testament. In contrast, we know Milton's religious commitments very well indeed. A short fifty years after Shakespeare, Milton drew all his convictions from the Protestant Reformers, yet his major poems transcend any doctrinal bias. Paradise Lost is filled with classical references from beginning to end, though an emphasis on the Old Testament is revealed in Milton's very choice of subjects for his epic: the origin of sin in the world.

The literary imagination of most Western critics has always been indisputably Greek, whereas a good part of the Western artists' imagination is Hebraic. From the Scriptures, the Western soul has been given a yearning for eternity, a hunger for sacrifice, a thirst for suffering; and the artist has been drawn irresistibly to the source from which these longings spring.

Je ru sal em' s Cl aim on U s

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Geography States and Capitals $42.53 set (text, student, teacher, flashcards)

Grades 3-6 Text $11.99 Student $14.65 Teacher $14.65 Flashcards $5.95 By the end of this course students will be able to map all 50 states and capitals. We recommend that this guide be used with Don't Know Much About the 50 States.

Geography I: The Middle East, North Africa, & Europe Grades 4+

Geography I Text $17.80 | Geography I Student $15.70

Geography II: Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Oceania, & the Americas

Geography I Teacher $16.75 | U.S. Review Student $6.00

Grades 5+

U.S. Review Teacher $8.95 | Geography Flashcards $22.00

$58.69 set

A unique geography program designed for students pursuing a classical Christian education, this course covers the area that constituted the ancient Roman Empire and the geography relevant to the Bible. Each region is explored in its historical context, providing interesting and thought-provoking facts, but the main goal of this course is for students to learn to map the countries and their capitals.

(text, student, teacher +

$78.49 set (text, student, teacher, and flashcards + U.S. Review student and teacher)

Geography I Review student & teacher)

Geography II Text $17.80 Geography II Student $15.70 Geography II Teacher $16.75 Geography I Review Student $6.00 Geography I Review Teacher $8.95

Students continue to deepen their understanding of past and present as they learn to map the rest of the countries and capitals not covered in Geography I. At the end of this course, students will have mapped the entire world.

Geography III: Exploring & Mapping the World Grades 7+

$85.83 set (text, student, teacher, classroom atlas, flashcards*)

Text $19.45 | Student $20.95 Teacher $20.95 | Atlas $12.00 *Geography Flashcards $22.00 *same as flashcards in Geography I set

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This more advanced geography course solidifies the mapping skills learned in Geography I-II but adds a study of the landforms, topography, famous landmarks, climate, culture, and religion of each continent. This is a perfect prelude to high school history.

Practice Map Pad: United States notepad of 50 two-sided sheets (11" x 17") | $11.50

G eography

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American/Modern Studies American History Outline Grades 5-8 Student $8.95 | Teacher $6.00

The Story of the Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic

This is a valuable tool for helping students learn to study well. Use this in conjunction with The Story of the Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic and The Story of the World, Vol. 4 to teach students how to recognize, organize, and retain key pieces of information from what they read.

200 Questions About American History

$56.30 set (text, student, teacher) Grades 5-8

Grades 5-8

Text $19.45 | Student $19.90 | Teacher $19.90 We have combined Guerber's The Story of the Thirteen Colonies and The Story of the Great Republic into one edited volume that makes for a perfect one-year survey of American history in the middle school years. The guide includes important facts, vocabulary, and comprehension questions, as well as enrichment activities such as mapwork, drawings, research, writing assignments, and more!

Student $11.50 | Teacher $6.00 Flashcards $14.20 Compiled from The Story of the Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic and The Story of the World, Vol. 4. The Flashcards are based on our study guide, but can be used with any good American history course.

A Concise History of the American Republic Year I: $238.34 set (text, student, teacher) | Year II: $35.90 set (student, teacher) Grades 9+ Text $214.99 (used for Year I and Year II) Year I Student $17.95 | Year I Teacher $17.95 | Year II Student $17.95 | Year II Teacher $17.95 This two-year course is designed to give students a good understanding of the period of history from pre-1615 life in North America to the post-Civil War Reconstruction years (Year One) and the period between the end of Reconstruction to the Reagan years (Year Two). Our guides provide reading notes for each chapter, as well as comprehension questions that help students focus on the most important information from each chapter.

A History of Europe in the Modern World: Volume I (to 1815) & Volume II (since 1815) $46.80 guide set (student, teacher, quizzes & tests) Grades 10+ Student $22.00 | Teacher $24.00 Quizzes & Tests $6.00 Vol. I & Vol. II Text $150.00 ea.

This course covers the political, societal, and religious upheavals, particularly in Western Europe, that have shaped and reshaped the continent in the last seven hundred years. Students will study events leading to the rise of Europe through the formation of contemporary Europe, including the French Revolution, Napoleonic Europe, World War I & II, and the Cold War. The texts include helpful maps, timelines, and illustrations. The Student Guide requires students to note Key Terms, Key Figures, Key Dates, and Key Structures, in addition to comprehension questions, short essay questions, and timeline and map activities. The Teacher Manual has answers to the Student Guide plus background information for the teacher, and an overview, summary, and conclusion for each lesson, focusing on the material students need to master.

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A merican/ Mod ern S tu d ies

A History of Medieval Europe: From Constantine to Saint Louis $109.06 set (text, student, teacher, quizzes & tests) Grades 10+ Text $69.95 | Student $22.00 | Teacher $24.00 Quizzes & Tests $6.00 This course covers the tumultuous transformation of Europe in the Dark Ages and the High Middle Ages, from the barbarian invasions and the conversion of Constantine to the Crusades and the rise of feudalism. The study guide helps the student pull out key terms, figures, and events, and provides comprehension and short answer essay questions.

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Stories of Great Americans for Little Americans

by Edward Eggleston Grades 1-3 | $14.65

Supplemental Reading for American Studies Sets (third grade shown)

Discussion Questions for American Studies Supplemental Sets

Third Grade $148.73 set | Fourth Grade $83.90 set

Third Grade $14.65 | Fourth Grade $14.65

Fifth Grade $70.88 set | Sixth Grade $61.90 set

Fifth Grade $14.65 | Sixth Grade $14.65

Greek

The Greek Alphabet

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 3+

$24.53 set (student and teacher) Student $17.35 | Teacher $11.50 Master the Greek alphabet, letter by letter, before tackling First Form Greek.

Elementary Greek

by Christine Gatchell An introduction to Greek grammar for younger students.

Grades 4-8

Greek Alphabet Charts Wall Charts (left) 22" x 34" (2 charts) $14.65 | Desk Charts (right) 8.5" x 11" (2 charts) $10.00 Chart 1: the Greek alphabet Chart 2: diphthongs, accent marks, pronunciation helps, and syllable names

$75.19 Year Two set (text, workbook, CD, flashcards, tests, teacher key)

Year II Text $15.75 | Year II Workbook $17.35 Year II Tests $6.00 | Year II Teacher Key $17.35 Streaming Audio $8.50 | Flashcards $14.20

$76.61 Year One set (shown right)

$64.08 Year Three set

(text, workbook, CD, flashcards, tests, teacher key)

(text, workbook, CD, flashcards, tests)

Year I Text $15.75 | Year I Workbook $17.35 Year I Tests $6.00 | Year I Teacher Key $17.35 CD $10.00 | Flashcards $14.20

Year III Text $19.90 | Year III Workbook $17.35 Year III Tests $6.00 | CD $10.00 Flashcards $14.20

First Form Greek: Introduction to Hellenistic Greek, Year 1

by Cheryl Lowe & Michael Simpson Grades 7+

$136.16 complete set (all 5 books, CD, videos, flashcards) $75.01 basic set (all 5 books + CD) Text $15.75 | Workbook $17.35 | Teacher Manual $13.60 Teacher Key $17.35 | Quizzes & Tests $6.00 CD $10.00 | Flashcards $16.75 Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $55.00

First Form Greek is written for parents and teachers with or without a Greek background. Its goal is to present the grammar logically and systematically so that anyone can learn it.

· 6 pages of exercises in the Student Workbook give you ample practice for the 31 two-page lessons of the Student Text. · Weekly, reproducible Quizzes & Tests ensure the material is being mastered. · The Pronunciation CD and Flashcards provide constant practice of grammar forms and vocabulary.

Teacher Manual and complete Teacher Key equip both the brand new and the veteran Greek instructor with everything needed to teach, · The including day-by-day lesson plans, oral drills, additional notes, and an answer key for all exercises and quizzes. · Instructional Videos (DVDs or streaming) are also available, with superb 10-20 minute lessons given by Highlands Latin School teacher Elizabeth Pierce.

Second Form Greek: Introduction to Hellenistic Greek, Year 2

by Mitchell L. Holley Grades 8+

$75.01 basic set (all 5 books + CD)

Text $15.75 Workbook $17.35 Teacher Manual $13.60 Teacher Key $17.35 Quizzes & Tests $6.00 CD $10.00 Flashcards $16.75 Instructional Videos: Coming Soon!

Second Form Greek is the second year of our three-part Greek Forms Series. Continue your systematic study of Greek grammar with our clear, concise Student Text and ample practice exercises in the Student Workbook, including substantial translation exercises. Weekly Quizzes & Tests ensure retention of the material, and the Teacher Manual and Teacher Key provide lesson plans, additional notes, and a comprehensive answer key. The Pronunciation CD and Flashcards allow students to practice quick recall for mastery.

French First Start French I: Introduction to the French Language

First Start French II: Introduction to the French Language

by Danielle Schultz

by Danielle Schultz

Grades 5-8

Grades 5-8

$51.00 set

$51.00 set

(student, teacher, CD)

(student, teacher, CD)

Student $20.50

Student $20.50

Teacher $20.50

Teacher $20.50

CD $10.00

CD $10.00

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G reek & F rench

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Art & Music Discovering Music: 300 Years of Interaction in Western Music, Arts, History, and Culture (Second Edition)

Exploring America's Musical Heritage: Through Art, Literature, and Culture

with Dr. Carol Reynolds | Grades 8+

$49.95 set (2 DVDs totaling more than 4 hours)

with Dr. Carol Reynolds Grades 5+

$170 set (Textbook, Student Workbook, DVDs, Teacher Manual download)

Textbook $39.95 | Student Workbook $29.95 | DVDs $106.10 Join Professor Carol as she travels the world using music as the window into political and cultural history. The expanded second edition includes a separate Textbook—now including art and additional information—and a Student Workbook—with more activities, questions, and timelines—which both still correspond perfectly to the first edition DVDs.

In this course, Professor Carol—along with 38 other historians, scholars, and artists—takes you on a journey through America's musical history. When we sing the songs our greatgrandparents learned around a campfire, read the poems they recited, and study the paintings or quilts they created, we visit the past in a tangible way.

Early Sacred Music: From the Temple through the Middle Ages with Dr. Carol Reynolds | Grades 8+

$119 set (text, workbook, DVDs) Text $24.95 | Assignments & Quizzes $22.95 Here you will find a description and explanation of how Christians worshiped God in song for over a millennia. In addition to the sheer beauty of the songs themselves, you will learn how musical notation developed, who the great Christian composers were, and how historical circumstances affected the musical worship of the Church. DVDs include musical performances and Professor Carol's unparalleled commentary.

Reading Music: Introduction to Music Theory

by Patrick Fata | Grades 2+

$57.00 set

Creating Art: Lessons & Projects for the Grammar Stage

NEW

Grades 3-4 $23.05

(text, student, teacher, streaming audio)

Text $17.35 | Student $17.35 Teacher $19.95 | Streaming Audio $8.50 Open the door for your students into a new, melodic world. This course introduces the concepts of rhythm, meter, and musical notation in short, straightforward lessons in the Student Text and ample practice of concepts in the Student Workbook. The streaming audio tracks provide short clips of all concepts and examples, and the two-color Teacher Guide provides answers and tests.

Students will begin with color theory and basic art techniques.

They will create projects that relate to literature, science, Mesopotamian and Egyptian art, portraits, landscapes, still life, and much more!

Music Appreciation

Art Cards & Posters Grades K-2

by Patrick Fata | Grades 3+

Art Cards K-2 (5" x 7") $11.50 ea.

Student Book $17.35 Audio Companion CD $10.00

Art Posters K-2 (11" x 17") $35.00 ea.

This course aims to deepen your student's appreciation of music by grounding the greatest pieces in the canon of Western classical music in their historical context, and by introducing the foundational musical concepts of notation, rhythm, pitch, form, and melody to give a fuller understanding of the inner workings of the pieces and of music in general.

Enrich your child's primary education with beautiful pieces of art from the most influential artistic movements in history, including the Renaissance, Romanticism, Impressionism, and more! These supplements are coordinated with our primary Classical Core Curriculum sets.

A Classical History of Art

by Kyle M. Janke Grades 9+

$97.92 set (student, teacher, flashcards, instructional videos)

Student $19.90 | Teacher $19.90 Flashcards $14.00 Streaming Instructional Videos $55.00 In A Classical History of Art, the timeless qualities of Greek expression inform a succinct and cohesive survey of 5,000 years of Western art. From the prehistoric period to the beginning of modern art, this study demonstrates the significance of classical values in the development of the sculpture, architecture, and painting of the West. Focused on cultivating fruitful and revelatory discussion, this curriculum presents the features, terms, and pertinent discussion questions of each major period, supplemented by close analysis of major works, lessons in visual composition, master copy drawing assignments, and 80 color flashcards. In the instructional videos, Kyle Janke walks your student through the course in twelve lessons, with lectures and thoughtful discussion points that complement and supplement the student text. For the educator, student, or curious individual, this course will produce the ardent and enlightening dialogue necessary to direct our interactions with great art.

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picture. An oversaturation of opposing diagonals results in a visual effect that may even be violent, as in Théodore Géricault's T he R af t of the Medusa, 1818-1819 A.D. Notice how the artist has stacked a series of forced diagonals into two overlapping and opposing triangular piles, one terminating at the uppermost figure, the other at the raft's mast.

The Raft of the Medusa by Théodore Géricault

The most difficult to interpret, however, are curving lines. Their limitless variability makes them difficult yet far more interesting to read. Through well-placed curves, an artist can capture the range of human emotion, from majestic grace to violent passion.

Curves give life and breath to a painting, communicating those human emotions that run deeper than material and animal expressions. Note the curving inclination of the mother's head, echoed by that of her child, in Raphael's A l ba Madonna, 1510 A.D. The artist has chosen to frame his picture within a circle, called a tondo, to accentuate this effect. The result is a vision of a mother's tenderness and ardent care. Note also those straight lines in the image that serve as scaffolding to this central feature: the slight diagonal of the child's cross and the restful horizontal of the landscape beyond.

Through these examples, you should begin to observe the vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and curved lines employed by artists in every period of history.

Raphael's Alba Madonna 12

Chapter 3: Aegean Art (3000-1000 B.C.)

ANALYSIS: Toreador Fresco, c. 1500 B.C.

1. How has the artist used curved lines to express power, energy, and effort? » Note: The curved lines of the bull mount and crest like a wave.

The curved lines of the "bull dancer" stand opposed to those of the bull.

2. How has the artist used straight lines to balance and stabilize the composition? » Note: The energetic force of the central image—bull and dancer—is framed by strong vertical lines.

A series of opposing diagonals give definition to the overall shape.

The picture's drama depends on the bull's curved mass "pressing" against straight lines.

3. Based on your analysis, what meaning does the work convey to the viewer?

Chapter 3: Aegean Art (3000-1000 B.C.)

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A rt & Mu sic

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I

The Essential Ingredient of a Life in the Arts

by Dr. Carol Reynolds

read The Classical Teacher for the same reasons you do: to gather information and to garner inspiration. When it was suggested that I devote this article to reasons for studying the fine arts, I happily agreed. In truth, the short version of the topic would fit into three sentences. 1) The arts are critical to a child's development. 2) Paths to studying the arts are many and do not have to involve significant expense or logistical challenges.

3) Children exposed regularly to the arts will absorb their value, even if this does not seem to be the case.

There it is. But let me amplify these thoughts (gratefully I am allowed more than three sentences per article). First, extolling the arts unabashedly comes easily at this point in my life, particularly after witnessing their value across nearly three generations of students. In addition, recent decades have afforded me unfathomable opportunities to travel to places I never expected to see. This means that names, dates, and ideas about the arts studied solely in books have sprung to life, convincing me even more of their importance.

But this realization was not always clear. My childhood was spent in one house, on one street, in a small Virginia city. Only three avenues afforded me an entrée to the arts. First, I studied piano as seriously as possible, although I would have quit a dozen times if my strong mother had not prohibited it. Yet my training was limited by my modest circumstances. Opportunities to hear orchestras in concert, play chamber music with others, or challenge my abilities (master classes, competitions) were largely unavailable. Chances to visit museums, see ballets, or attend plays lay outside of my experience, too. Once I stepped into the wider world of the arts, I lagged behind. The race to catch up continues to this day (or so it seems to me).

Regarding the other two avenues, both felt feeble and insignificant at the time. In retrospect, though, these two avenues were perfect arteries. One revolved around my mother's love of music. She had no chance for musical training in her impoverished childhood, but she did grow up in New York City. That meant she went regularly as a schoolgirl to the Old Metropolitan Opera and stood for pennies in its top balcony. It also meant she could enter free into the Metropolitan Museum of Art, as well as certain venues for theatrical performances. So despite personal hardships, she found ways to experience the arts at a high level.

Dr. Carol Reynolds is a widely acclaimed author, speaker, and educator. She regularly leads arts tours throughout Europe and the Mediterranean, recently in partnership with the Smithsonian Institute, and teaches for Memoria College.

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H ead ing G oes H ere

MemoriaPress.com

My mother also had a beautiful voice. She sang along with songs on the radio and with the few recordings we owned. Radio offerings were different back then. Top hits of big band music (her generation's pop), overtures from Broadway musicals, and tunes from the cabarets dominated the airwaves. She tuned in every Saturday to the broadcasts of matinée performances from the Metropolitan Opera, famously sponsored by Texaco (yes, the oil company is responsible for this long-lived phenomenon in our American cultural history). While maintaining I disliked opera until the light dawned at age nineteen, these broadcasts caused me to absorb it and to understand that opera had power to elevate those who heard its music.

The third avenue led to our backyard where my father, a rather good "hillbilly-guitar" player, sat regularly of an evening, strumming and singing the tunes of Jimmie Rodgers, Ernest Tubb, and recording artists who made careers in the 1930s and 40s. Old-timey ballads and folk songs were part of his repertoire, too.

He even taught me songs he had learned in the army during World War II (the ageappropriate ones, at least). All told, he spent hours playing music for me or anyone else who drifted in to listen (particularly when someone added a guitar, banjo, or mandolin to the mix).

Clearly the two musical worlds of my parents were at odds—or so I thought as a child. Now though, I recognize them as branches growing off the same trunk, drawing their lifeblood from the same source. Uniting them was a garland of passion that each parent wove from love of his or her favored style. So between my practice of Chopin and Brahms, my mother's lovely if untutored voice, and the strings of my daddy's guitar, I grew up with music.

Would I have been a better pianist if I'd enjoyed pre-college piano instruction at a top university from a young age? Surely, I would have. Would a pattern of attending symphony concerts, professional operas, and dramatic theater have helped me in my scholarly aspirations? Of course, the answer is yes. What if I regularly could have roamed through art galleries and sculpture gardens, or held a season subscription to the 1- 5 02- 9 6 6 - 9 115

ballet? Clearly, all of those opportunities would have made my life easier in graduate school and during my early years as a professor of music history.

But I did have the essential ingredient for building a life in the arts: namely, exposure to the passion that fueled my parents' love of artistic expression.

I did not hear Beethoven's string quartets until my twenties, but I knew from age five that singing the songs from Carousel made my mother happy. I knew, too, that my father, tired from running his laborintensive photo-finishing business on a seven-daya-week schedule, was revived when he stopped his work to play and sing his beloved tunes. Though their music was different, both parents gave me a legacy of music that inspires my life to this day.

So, let me encourage anyone reading this essay to reach as high as reasonably possible in bringing the arts to your students and to the children in your family.

Trust that your principal job is to plant, water, and nourish a love for the beautiful, the expressive, and the dramatic. A child's wonder watching glassblowing at a county fair or learning the basics of origami is as valid as exposure to renowned paintings in the Louvre or our National Gallery.

In fact, without hands-on, graspable experience in how one molds a physical object to create beauty and meaning, a child has a harder time seeing the majesty of a masterwork.

Yes, we want to ensure quality for our children as they encounter music, art, theater, and dance.

But when their first music comes from the voice of a parent singing lullabies, that music will form the foundation of a lifelong love of music. When an uncle shows a child how different colors are mixed to make paint, a neighbor demonstrates the difference between line dancing and square dancing, or a family friend explains how actors inflect their voices to become characters, that child is being empowered to pursue a life filled with the majesty inherent in the creative expression we call the fine arts.

T he Essential I ngred ient of a Lif e in the A rts

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Primary Enrichment Music Enrichment Classical Core Curriculum supplement Grades K-2 $14.65

Enrichment Guides Classical Core Curriculum supplement (Kindergarten, 1st Grade, or 2nd Grade)

The Book of Crafts

$22.00 ea.

Classical Core Curriculum supplement

These supplemental guides coordinate with our Classical Core Kindergarten, First Grade, and Second Grade programs. Each guide includes an overview of each read-aloud book, author and illustrator biographies, oral reading questions, and a simple language lesson, as well as resources for the history, culture, and science lessons, biographies of the artists, and poetry lessons. Lessons from Music Enrichment are scheduled here as well.

The creative arts are an essential part of primary school education. These activities reinforce number and letter recognition, strengthen fine-motor skills, and foster creativity and confidence. There is a craft project for each read-aloud in Memoria Press' Jr. K-2 curriculum packages, and additional crafts that focus on art concepts. Enjoy each of your creations and the time spent together making them.

Grades Jr. K-2 | $19.45 ea.

Character Building

Manner of the Week Wall Charts & Flashcards Grades K+ Wall Charts (11" x 8 ½") $17.35 | Flashcards (5 ½" × 4 ¼") $11.50 Be respectful, listen carefully, look for opportunities to include others, chew with your mouth closed—these simple, thoughtful guidelines for good manners are a great aid for your classroom or homeschool. There are 36 manners, one for each week of your school year. Each week, hang up the wall chart as a helpful visual aid and use the short explanations and examples on the flashcards to discuss proper behavior at the dinner table, around the home, and out in public.

Myself & Others Lessons for Social Understanding, Habits, & Manners

by Cheryl Swope Ages 4-13 Guide Books $20.95 ea.

Book One Core Set $59.76 Book One Read-Aloud Set $106.90 Book Two Core Set $23.35 Book Two Read-Aloud Set $106.83 Book Three Core Set $60.26 Book Four Core Set $54.07

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Primary Enrichment & Character B u il d ing

Music Enrichment goes into more detail about each song studied in our Enrichment Guides, including a short backstory on each song and its composer, as well as a few interesting facts and discussion questions. Purchase of this book also includes links to playlists so you can listen to good recordings of each piece.

Kindergarten Morning Work

Cut & Paste Book

Grade K

Grade K

$16.80

$6.85

Kindergarten Morning Work is designed to practice quick recall of concepts already taught in the Kindergarten Curriculum. It purposefully does not introduce new concepts, but allows young students to build confidence and gives teachers the opportunity to gauge mastery. Two days a week students will review penmanship, phonics, color words, number awareness, and the manner of the week.

Fine-motor skills are critical for primary students to master. We have paired this Cut & Paste Book with our kindergarten phonics and reading program so that students can practice their scissors skills, using glue, and tracing letters while working on mastery of beginning phonics sounds.

The pages are in the same order that students study the alphabet in First Start Reading, with additional pages for the h-consonant teams of sh, th, ch, and wh as they are introduced.

Scissors Books Recommended for Ages 3-5 My Very First Scissors Book $6.85 My Very Own Scissors Book $6.85 Help your student develop hand strength, fine-motor skills, and independence with one or both of these books.

Alphabet, Numbers, & Coloring Alphabet Book Part One & Part Two

by Leigh Lowe Recommended for Ages 4-5

$33.60 set (2 books) Teaches letter recognition, letter formation, and pencil grip.

This is a gentle introduction to phonics.

Numbers & Colors Recommended for Ages 4-5 $16.80 This is the great precursor to Numbers Book Part One. This book introduces each number through 15 and color words with tracing and coloring activities.

Coloring Books Recommended for Ages 4-5 Alphabet $6.85 | Numbers $6.85 Practice number and letter recognition while developing fine-motor and coloring skills.

Numbers Book Part One & Part Two

by Leigh Lowe Recommended for Kindergarten

$33.60 set (2 books) Continued practice with numbers, counting, and patterns for the kindergarten student who is ready to move beyond simple tracing. This a nice supplement to any kindergarten math program.

Alphabet Flashcards (4¼'' x 5½") $11.55 Deck contains one card for each letter of the alphabet. Each card has the upper- and lowercase letter on one side and a simple illustration on the flip side that allows practice with the beginning letter sound.

Alphabet Manuscript Wall Charts (also available in New American Cursive font, p. 79)

(11'' x 17'') | $17.35 These visual aids reinforce each letter of the alphabet and numbers zero to nine while young students learn to read and write or practice their penmanship. Each illustration is hand-drawn and matches the drawings on the Alphabet Flashcards.

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Math Memoria Math Challenge

Arithmetic Flashcards

Levels A-C | Grades K-2

Addition & Subtraction, 0 to 18

Student $17.35-$19.95 ea.

Teacher $6.00 ea.

(6" x 4")

Our goal for math in the primary grades is the mastery of basic facts.

One of the most effective ways to help students achieve mastery is simply to practice. With daily timed drills, Memoria Math Challenge is designed to give students that necessary math practice and also to help the teacher measure students' immediate recall.

We start with addition, subtraction, and number dictation in kindergarten, and ramp up to 200 daily problems by the end of first grade. If students are able to master their math facts in the primary years, they can devote more time to complex math operations in grammar school and upper school. Student Drills are on 3-hole-punched loose-leaf paper to make it easy for you to store and copy if you need additional practice.

$11.50

Multiplication Flashcards 0 to 12 (6" x 4") $11.50

Division Flashcards 0 to 12 (6" x 4") $11.50

Rod & Staff Arithmetic Rod & Staff Math books teach your student number facts and arithmetic skills to mastery using clear, uncluttered lessons and plenty of drill practice.

College of the Redwoods Prealgebra Grades 7-8 Textbook $25.74 Solutions Manual $25.55 Quizzes & Tests $11.50 Quizzes & Tests Answer Key $6.00

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Grade 1 Arithmetic (3rd Ed.) Student Part 1 $7.50 | Student Part 2 $7.50 Practice Sheets $18.50 Teacher Manual $22.95 Speed Drills $5.50

Grade 4 Arithmetic

Grade 2 Arithmetic (3rd Ed.) Student Unit 1 $7.50 | Student Unit 2 $7.50 Student Unit 3 $7.50 | Student Unit 4 $7.50 Practice Sheets 1 $8.50 | Practice Sheets 2 $8.50 Supplemental Pack $1.95 | Teacher Manual, Units 1-2 $13.75 Teacher Manual, Units 3-4 $13.75

Grade 5 Arithmetic

Grade 3 Arithmetic

Grade 6 Mathematics

Student Book (with Supplemental Worksheets) $16.50 Teacher Manual (includes Worksheets Key) $17.50 Blacklines $4.95 Speed Drills $5.50

Student $15.95 Teacher Manual Part 1 $13.25 Teacher Manual Part 2 $13.25 Tests $2.50 | Quizzes and Speed Tests $4.75

Student $16.50 | Speed Drill Packet $9.50 Teacher Manual Part 1 $13.25 Teacher Manual Part 2 $13.25 Tests $2.75 | Speed Drills $5.50

Student $16.50 Teacher Manual Part 1 $13.25 Teacher Manual Part 2 $13.25 Tests $2.75 | Speed Drills $5.50

VideoText Algebra: A Complete Course Grades 7-12

Complete Set $399 (online course + books for modules A-F) Year One Set $235 (online course + books for modules A-C) Year Two Set $235 (online course + books for modules D-F) VideoText Math uses mastery-review techniques to fully explore the language of mathematics and algebraic relations. Students watch a tenminute video that develops each lesson's concept while they follow along with their Course Notes, and then complete the exercises in the WorkText. Progress Tests help gauge student mastery throughout the year, with multiple forms of each quiz and test available if your student needs a little extra practice. The Instructor's Guide provides step-by-step instructions for solving the problems on each test, while the Solutions Manual does the same for the WorkText.

Geometry course also available!

Math

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Phonics & Reading

by Cheryl Lowe | Grade K

Kindergarten Phonics Supplemental Workbook

$52.55 set (Books A-D + Teacher Guide)

by Amber Wheat | Grade K | $16.80

Student Books (A-D) $7.90 ea.

Designed to be used in conjunction with First Start Reading to reinforce the phonetic concepts learned each week.

First Start Reading: Phonics, Reading, & Printing

Teacher Guide for Books A-D $20.95 FSR is a balanced, age-appropriate approach to phonics and reading, with a serious focus on correct pencil grip and letter formation. The program uses the traditional (vowel-consonant) approach to phonics combined with word families. The FSR kindergarten program consists of 4 student books with artist-drawn pictures to color, drawing pages for each letter or phonogram, and over 40 stories. The Teacher Guide leads you through the program and provides helpful assessments and teaching tips.

Everything you need to teach your student to read fluently, including lesson plans!

by Amber Wheat | Grade K | $16.30 Provides the extra practice needed to master manuscript printing. Correlates with the letter students are working on in First Start Reading.

Kindergarten Phonics & Reading Streaming Instructional Videos

Kindergarten Phonics & Reading Set Grade K | $260.15 set

Manuscript Practice Sheets

$55.00 Let primary specialist Michelle Tefertiller teach your students how to read! These streaming videos use all the books in the Kindergarten Phonics & Reading Set.

by Michelle Tefertiller | Grade 1 Student Book E $7.90 Teacher Guide for Book E $11.50 We complete our phonics for reading program at the beginning of first grade with First Start Reading Book E, which includes long vowel teams, sounds of soft c and g, and the three sounds of y.

Classical Phonics

First Start Reading Storybooks A-E

by Cheryl Lowe

by Cheryl Lowe

Phonics Flashcards

Grades K-2 | $19.45

Grades K-1

Grades K-2

These phonetically arranged word lists require students to rely on their mastery of letter sounds. Coordinates with First Start Reading, or is a good supplement to any phonics program.

$7.90-$10.50 ea.

(4¼'' x 5½")

These Storybooks feature the same targeted phonetic stories found in First Start Reading, with beautifully illustrated black and white pictures to help students stay engaged as they read.

$27.00

100 Days of Summer Reading Books I-III Grades K-2 | $8.95 ea.

Reading is a subject that should continue through the summer to avoid regression.

These summer reading journals are a perfect way to encourage young children to continue working on reading fluency. The font size gets smaller for each journal, and each page is divided in half for drawing and writing small summaries. Kindergarten has the unique goal of reading a book a day for 100 days!

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First Start Reading, Book E

Phonics & Read ing

Flashcards for the nearly 200 phonograms used to spell the 44 sounds of the English language.

Phonics from A to Z $27.99

Easy Reader Classics Grades K-2

$67.50 set (18 books) | $3.95 ea.

Classic stories from The Jungle Book, The Wind in the Willows, Tom Sawyer, and Doctor Dolittle have been adapted in these early readers so young children can read good stories on their level.

A manual for teachers who want to go deeper into the subject of phonics and reading.

Teaching Phonics & Word Study $33.99

An excellent phonics resource for grammar school teachers.

Spelling

Traditional Spelling I-IV

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 1-4

$57.66 I & II set ea. (student, teacher, practice sheets, supplemental workbook, supplemental workbook key)

$40.66 III set (student, teacher, practice sheets) $34.96 IV set (student, teacher) Student $17.35 ea.

Teacher $19.45 ea.

Practice Sheets (I-III only) $6.00 ea.

Supplemental Workbook (I & II only) $8.95 ea.

Supplemental Workbook Key (I & II only) $8.95 ea.

This comprehensive, phonetic approach to teaching spelling is the culmination of our phonics program. Once students have mastered reading "consonant-vowelconsonant" words with short vowels in kindergarten they are ready to begin a spelling program. Traditional Spelling is the perfect next step toward reading fluency.

Traditional Spelling provides students with an extensive mastery-based study of phonics.

Each lesson features writing and oral dictation practice, color-coded phonogram activities, and short stories or riddles on the student's reading level that utilize that week's spelling words.

Traditional Spelling I Instructional Videos with instructor Julia Lasoi Grade 1 $55.00 Master primary school teacher Julia Lasoi welcomes you and your first grader to Traditional Spelling I! Watch alongside your student as Mrs. Lasoi teaches clear, interactive lessons with gentle encouragement. Mrs. Lasoi gives two hours of instruction over three days, including a brief Teacher Talk at the beginning of each week that will prepare you for the parent-led activities on days four and five, which are scheduled out in the Traditional Spelling I Teacher Manual.

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S pel l ing

75

SIMPLY CLASSICAL

AESOP, TRUTH, & CHILDREN

by Cheryl Swope

W

hen we raise or teach young children, we must do so with the understanding that our Christian children are simultaneously citizens of a temporal realm and citizens of a heavenly realm. In both realms they are in need of Truth.

In the temporal realm, Aesop's fables have been prized as an ideal pedagogical vehicle. They give us a winsome means of conveying moral lessons to children through the words and deeds of animals. Let us consider this tale that is often placed first in collections of Aesop's fables, "The Rooster and the Pearl": A Rooster was once strutting up and down the farmyard among the hens when suddenly he espied something shining amid the straw. "Ho! ho!" quoth he, "that's for me," and soon he rooted it out from beneath the straw. What did it turn out to be but a Pearl that by some chance had been lost in the yard?

"You may be a treasure," quoth Master Rooster, "to men that prize you, but for me I would rather have a single barley-corn than a peck of pearls."

The moral: Precious things are for those that can prize them.

Perhaps "The Rooster and the Pearl" is frequently placed ahead of all others to compare the rooster to anyone who dares not recognize the value of Aesop's fables. Unlike the rooster, the ideal and intended reader will appreciate pearls contained in the ample moral lessons both for himself and for his children. "No kindness, no matter how small, is wasted" ("The Lion and the Mouse"). "Slow and steady wins the race" ("The Tortoise and the Hare").

"However unfortunate we may think we are, there is always someone worse off than ourselves" ("The Hares and the Frogs").

We can teach Aesop's fables in homes or schools for conversation, for written copybook, or for formal Cheryl Swope is the author of Simply Classical: A Beautiful Education for Any Child and Memoria Press' Simply Classical Curriculum, as well as editor of the Simply Classical Journal.

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A esop, T ru th, & Chil d ren

composition exercises to impress moral lessons upon students' hearts and minds. The ancient Roman orator Quintilian would approve: I would urge that the lines, which he is set to copy, should not express thoughts of no significance, but convey some sound moral lesson. He will remember such aphorisms even when he is an old man, and the impression made upon his unformed mind will contribute to the formation of his character.

We do well to heed our ancient pedagogical forebears in these matters, especially when faced with culturally antithetical theories that entice us to leave children to their own devices in what they choose to learn, listen to, and love.

Yet we should take care to recognize the wisdom of Aesop and other ancients as only natural precepts leading to good human works.

If we follow solely the wisdom of Aesop, we move no closer to God. Apart from Christ we are dead in our trespasses and possess neither the ability nor the predilection to do what is pleasing to God. But "in Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of His grace" (Ephesians 1:7).

These truths provide Christians with a clear distinction among those who reclaim classical education in sole reliance on the wisdom of the ancients. We do not presume that we can become virtuous in the spiritual realm apart from Christ.

When classical Christian educators advocate for wisdom, eloquence, and virtue, we do so while insisting on the overarching truth of God's Word.

When understanding the two worlds, we gladly seek the wisdom of the ancients as that which is good for our protection and the good of our neighbor; yet we know that even this is a gift from God. As Christians, our calling is to lead our children to our

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merciful Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, who alone is the eternal embodiment and fulfillment of Truth, Goodness, and Beauty for us.

Today we are witnessing a growing interest in classical Christian education, including classical Christian education for those with disabilities. For these students, we must begin early with the smallest of lessons and allow them to unfold with increasing maturity over the years. Aesop is a perfect tool for this because you can start teaching these tales very simply.

Let's consider "The Fox and the Grapes," which we teach in Simply Classical Level C. Before reading you might remind the child that Aesop was a storyteller from ancient times. Aesop told stories about animals with good lessons for people to learn. Point to the fox.

Have you ever seen a fox? What color was it? Point to the grapes. Have you ever eaten grapes? Are they juicy?

After reading: Did the fox want the grapes? How do we know? (Yes. His "mouth watered as he gazed longingly at them" and he "did his best to reach them, jumping as high as he could.") Were the grapes really sour? (No. The fox could not have them, so he called them "sour" in his own bitterness.) Reflection question: What could he have said more honestly and humbly? ("The grapes look delicious, but I am not able to reach them.")

But the timeless lessons of Aesop's fables are not merely for young children. "The Ant and the Chrysalis," taught with our older students in Simply Classical Levels 9 & 10, can give us renewed eyes for seeing "the least of these among us," particularly when informed by the Holy Scriptures.

A COMPLETE CLASSICAL CHRISTIAN PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Learn more and take a free readiness assessment today at:

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An Ant nimbly running about in the sunshine in search of food came across a Chrysalis that was very near its time of change. The Chrysalis moved its tail, and thus attracted the attention of the Ant, who then saw for the first time that it was alive.

"Poor, pitiable animal!" cried the Ant disdainfully.

"What a sad fate is yours! While I can run hither and thither at my pleasure, and, if I wish, ascend the tallest tree, you lie imprisoned here in your shell, with power only to move a joint or two of your scaly tail." The Chrysalis heard all of this but did not try to make any reply. A few days after, when the Ant passed that way again, nothing but the shell remained. Wondering what had become of its contents, he felt himself suddenly shaded and fanned by the gorgeous wings of a beautiful Butterfly. "Behold in me," said the Butterfly, "your much-pitied friend! Boast now of your powers to run and climb as long as you can get me to listen."

So saying, the Butterfly rose in the air, and, borne along and aloft on the summer breeze, was soon lost to the sight of the Ant forever.

The moral of this fable: Appearances are deceptive.

Children who are weak or ill, or struggling with autism or speech impairments, are cloaked in disability and personify our own weaknesses and trials here on Earth. We all find ourselves in a chrysalis, an earthly tent. Yet appearances are deceiving. Freely forgiven in Christ, declared righteous through faith in Him, we are more free than we appear. "If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new." This is the best lesson of all.

Penmanship New American Cursive

by Iris Hatfield Grades 1+ | $25.00 ea.

The New American Cursive (NAC) penmanship program is an easy-to-follow resource for learning cursive. Simplified letter forms and clear instructions teach your student to write in a fast, legible script. Developed by Iris Hatfield, an educator with 35 years of experience in the handwriting field, the workbooks improve the process of teaching handwriting and allow students to start at a younger age.

Choose from:

New American Cursive 1 New American Cursive 2: Scripture & Famous Quotations New American Cursive 2: Quotations from Famous Americans New American Cursive 3: Scripture & Lessons on Manners New American Cursive 3: Famous Quotes & Lessons on Manners

Teach Yourself Cursive

by Iris Hatfield Grade 5-Adult | $25.00 Whether you are a beginning older student or are fine-tuning your penmanship later in life, these self-guided lessons make learning cursive a pleasure. Practice just 15 minutes a day to get remarkable results.

Startwrite CD $29.95

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Create customizable worksheets in the New American Cursive font to integrate handwriting practice with any subject.

Digital download also available. (Windows only)

N ew A merican Cu rsive

In NAC 1, learn how to form each letter, step by step, with clear starting dots and direction arrows. Correct pencil grip, paper position, and posture are illustrated throughout. Fifteen minutes of workbook practice a day is all it takes! NAC 2 will continue to teach correct letter forms and how to easily connect each letter. Proper size, spacing, and slant are emphasized in 125 instructional exercises. In NAC 3 you will further enhance cursive skills by practicing your best handwriting while learning about manners and correspondence protocol.

Penmanship Practice with Wisdom Scriptures

13

by Iris Hatfield Grades 3+

NEW AMERICAN CURSIVE TEACHING CHARTS Letter Illustrations with Copy Words

$13.60 This easy-to-use supplemental resource for mastering a legible, attractive cursive enhances the pleasure of writing by practicing a different, inspiring wisdom Scripture each day. It also includes 50 helpful penmanship tips to improve cursive skills.

(11” x 8.5”)

NEW

Iris Hatfield and Tara Luse

ISBN 978-1-7374731-9-0

90000

9 781737 473190

New American Cursive Teaching Charts (11” x 8.5”)

New American Cursive Teaching Charts

by Iris Hatfield and Tara Luse Grades 1+ | $17.35 The New American Cursive Teaching Charts make great visual aids for the home or classroom. The charts feature letter illustrations for the entire cursive alphabet along with copy words. These charts make an excellent supplement to the New American Cursive program.

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Copybooks I-III

by Cheryl & Leigh Lowe Grades K-2

$44.01 set (Copybooks I-III) $16.30 ea.

Copybooks include memory passages, copybook exercises, and drawing pages, incorporating Scripture from the King James Bible and classic children's poems.

Composition & Sketchbooks I-III Grades K-6

Ages 6-12 (chronological age or skill level)

II: 1/2" Ruled for 1st-2nd Grade Students

Copybook Cursive I-IV

III: College-Ruled for Older Students

(New American Cursive font)

Our Composition & Sketchbooks allow each student to write and illustrate compositions.

Copybook Cursive I is perfect for second graders alongside NAC 2 or older students needing more practice.

The college-ruled lines of Copybook Cursive IV are perfect for older students honing their penmanship with the Scripture passages from Christian Studies III.

These journals let students practice cursive while thinking about God's daily blessings in their lives. The Intermediate Journal has a smaller font size and less tracing.

by Cheryl Swope

Grades 1-2

In Copybook Cursive III, students practice their penmanship with beautiful memory passages from Christian Studies II.

Beginner or Intermediate $9.45 ea.

My Nature Journal

Summer Cursive

Copybook Cursive II includes Scripture passages from Christian Studies I, the 15 brightest stars from Astronomy, and the major gods from D'Aulaires' Greek Myths.

(New American Cursive font)

by Cheryl Swope

$9.45 ea.

I: 5/8" Ruled for Younger Students

Grades 1-6 | $16.30 ea.

My Thankfulness Journals

Ages 4-11

$16.30 This workbook is designed as summer practice for rising second graders who have completed New American Cursive 1. It is arranged in lessons to be completed three times a week during the summer.

$10.00 Savor small moments of wonder with your child as he learns the simple beauty of nature. This book can stand alone as a delightful supplement to any program.

Cursive Practice Sheets I-III (New American Cursive font)

Aesop Copybook

Ages 6+

by Cheryl Swope

$16.30 ea.

Ages 9+

Our Cursive Practice Sheets include pages for practicing each cursive letter, Scripture copywork, and blank practice sheets. Book I is a good companion to NAC 1, Book II is extra practice for NAC 2, and Book III is wide-ruled for any older student who needs more practice.

$21.24 set (Fables and copybook) Aesop Copybook $10.00 Aesop's Fables $14.99 The Aesop Copybook is a lovely companion to Aesop’s Fables. It will strengthen your student's writing and composition skills while giving the opportunity to contemplate the timeless wisdom of Aesop's fables and learn from the gentle moral instruction they provide.

Penmanship Supplements Alphabet Wall Charts Available in Manuscript (blue) or Cursive (green)

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Alphabet Wall Poster

(11'' x 17'') | $17.35 ea.

Manuscript and New American Cursive

These visual aids reinforce each letter of the alphabet while young students learn to read and write or practice their penmanship. Each illustration is hand-drawn. The cursive charts use the New American Cursive font.

This poster lists the entire alphabet in manuscript and cursive. It is the perfect resource if you don't have the space for our Alphabet Wall Charts.

(22'' x 34'') | $7.90

Penmanship

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Three Ways to Think About Athens and Jerusalem

by Martin Cothran

T

he expression "Athens and Jerusalem" is a familiar one in Western cultural history. It denotes two very different cultures: one a culture of reason and the other a culture of faith. So different were they that they became the subject of a raging debate in the early Christian centuries.

As a matter of historical fact, Western Christian civilization is the product of the meeting between Athens and Jerusalem. These two cities are symbolic of the two broader cultures they represent: that of the classical Greek culture that began the serious inquiry into the great intellectual, moral, and artistic questions using natural reason, and that of the Hebrew culture which was chosen by God to be the recipient of His divine revelation. There are three theories of how Christians can view the relationship between Athens and Jerusalem.

The Conflict Theory The first might be called the "Conflict Theory," which is associated with the Church Father Tertullian.

In this view, Athens and Jerusalem are distinct and conflicting in their relation. They work apart and are dissonant in their relation to one another.

Martin Cothran is editor of The Classical Teacher, author of Traditional Logic Books I & II, Material Logic, and Classical Rhetoric, and provost of Memoria College.

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T hree W ays to T hink A b ou t A thens and Je ru sal em

"These are 'the doctrines' of men and 'of demons,'" said Tertullian, "produced for itching ears of the spirit of this world's wisdom: This the Lord called 'foolishness,' and 'chose the foolish things of the world' to confound even philosophy itself."

Tertullian believed that the Scriptures' warning of "vain" philosophy meant all philosophy. "What indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem?" he asked.

"What concord is there between the Academy and the Church? What between heretics and Christians?

Our instruction comes from 'the porch of Solomon,' who had himself taught that 'the Lord should be sought in simplicity of heart.'"

At times Tertullian seemed to reject all of the learning of the ancients, and he appeared to reject any kind of intellectual inquiry. "We want no curious disputation after possessing Christ Jesus, no inquisition after enjoying the gospel! With our faith, we desire no further belief. For this is our palmary faith, that there is nothing which we ought to believe besides."

Many Christian thinkers have rejected what they consider Tertullian's extreme position. One of the problems with his position is that it would seem to condemn the disciplines of logic and rhetoric, developed by the intellectual study of the Greeks. But that would undercut his own position, since he uses the devices of logic and rhetoric in his condemnation of Greek thought.

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For this and other reasons, Tertullian's view was a minority position among the fathers of the church.

The Reconciliation Theory The second view might be called the "Reconciliation Theory." This is associated in modern times with the great Victorian thinker Matthew Arnold. In his view, Athenian and Hebrew thought are distinct but reconcilable in their relation. They work together melodically.

In his book Culture and Anarchy, Arnold talks of two rival forces "dividing the empire of the world between them."

And to give these forces names from the two races of men who have supplied the most splendid manifestations of them, we may call them respectively the forces of Hebraism and Hellenism.

Hebraism and Hellenism between these two points of influence moves our world.

What were these two forces? Commenting on Arnold's analysis, the American philosopher William Barrett explains: The distinction, as Arnold so lucidly states it, arises from the difference between doing and knowing. The Hebrew is concerned with practice, the Greek with knowledge. Right conduct is the ultimate concern of the Hebrew, right thinking that of the Greek. Duty and strictness of conscience are the paramount things in life for the Hebrew; for the Greek the spontaneous and luminous play of the intelligence. The Hebrew thus

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extols the moral virtues as the substance and meaning of life; the Greek subordinates them to the intellectual virtues, and Arnold rightly observes: "The moral virtues are with Aristotle but the porch and access to the intellectual and with these last is blessedness."

Arnold's analysis is a bit of an oversimplification— the Greeks were not bereft of moral beliefs (perhaps Plato's most universal theme is the Good) and the Hebrews certainly had articulated beliefs about knowledge, but oversimplifications serve a purpose in helping us to step back from the particulars of an issue so that we can see the big picture. And Arnold seems to have gotten at something important here: The Greeks were more peculiarly concerned with abstract intellectual truths and the Hebrews more with practical holiness.

The Dialectic Theory But there is another view about this relation between classical and Christian thought: It might be called the "Dialectic Theory." It is most associated in modern times with the Jewish thinker Leo Strauss.

It has also been well articulated by the late English scholar Jeffrey Hart. This is the theory that the two are distinct but dialectical in their relation. They work together in harmony. This is a further development and refinement of the Reconciliation Theory.

T hree W ays to T hink A b ou t A thens and Je ru sal em

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According to Hart, it is precisely the differences between Athens and Jerusalem that have powered the Western mind: Whatever their differences in detail, such philosophers recognize that Athens and Jerusalem amount to a dialectic, and that the consequences of their interaction have been decisive for the character of Western civilization, setting it off from other cultures and civilizations both past and present…. The philosopher begins like Socrates by saying "I know nothing," and pursues knowledge through an investigation of the world. The scriptural tradition bases its view of the world on a series of received insights into the constitution of actuality. The insights are not true because they are recorded in scripture, but they are recorded there because, finally, they are true.

For Arnold, the Hellenic and the Hebrew work together by cooperation; for Hart, by tension. This view incorporates a n eleme nt of Ter t u l l ia n's thought—that there is indeed something at odds between Athens and Jerusalem. But it also sees an opposite truth: that these two—one originating in revealed truth and the other in rat ional tr ut h—have t he same source. The contradiction inherent in the Athens and Jer usalem dilemma should not be hard for Christians to swallow, since the Christian f a it h it s e l f e m b o d i e s t h e same k i nd of paradoxes i n t he f u nda me nt a l t r ut h s it proclai ms: God Hi mself is Three and He is One, and He comes to us through His Son who is f ully God and f ully man. But this conflict is a healthy one, since it is caused by the complex nature of fundamental reality. These are two truths whose dialectical conflict provides the energy of Western culture.

Historically, Tertullian's attempt at separation failed.

It is hard, says Hart, to believe this was an accident:

The View of the Church It is in many ways this third view that lies behind the debate within the Church. Tertullian viewed any mixture of Athens and Jerusalem as suspect. But the majority of Church Fathers believed otherwise. In Byzantium in the East, the Cappadocian fathers hashed out the problems and promises of studying classical literature and philosophy in addition to studying the Scriptures.

And in the Roman West, Augustine, already one of the greatest thinkers of his time, having become a Christian, looked back on his classical learning with a critical eye.

Both schools of thought came to the same conclusion. The Eastern fathers—St. Basil and Gregory of Nazianzus— believed that the Western classical tradition of reason had been pointing toward the truths of faith that had been revealed to the Jews through the Scriptures— and to the Christians through Christ Himself.

Augustine in the West argued a similar position.

To both schools in two very different parts of the Roman Empire the learning of the pagans was considered "Egyptian Gold." As the Hebrews left Egypt, the Egyptians, chastened by the plagues sent from God, showered the Hebrews with gold, which the Hebrews took with them into the wilderness. With it they foolishly made a golden calf to worship—but they also used it to fashion, at God's command, the vessels of the Tabernacle.

The lesson is clear: The same substance can be used for good or for bad purposes. The Greeks and Romans often went astray, but the best of them were searching for Truth—and they often found it. The tools they used to find it should not be despised because they can be misused.

Reason is not the enemy of faith but rather its partner—whether it is to solve an earthly problem or to recognize a heavenly Truth.

Reason is not the enemy of faith, but rather its partner— whether it is to solve an earthly problem or recognize a heavenly Truth.

Tertullian tried to pry Athens and Jerusalem apart.

Clement and Origen tried to pull them closer together.

In its formative years, Christianity, like Islam later on, might have ignored or tried to suppress Greek philosophy. As [Michael] Grant says, however, the victory of Clement and Origen was momentous. The Athens-Jerusalem dialectic prevailed in the West.

Neither was compartmentalized against the other.

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T hree W ays to T hink A b ou t A thens and Je ru sal em

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Live Online Courses for Grades 3-12

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FULL-YEAR COURSES Registration Opens in February!

Get 10% off 2024-2025 classes February 1 through March 15 with code EARLYBIRD.

COURSES Latin & Greek | Logic & Rhetoric Classical Studies | Literature Math & Science | Christian Studies Modern History | Writing Special-Needs Courses | and more!

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Applications accepted November 1-March 15 The diploma program helps the classical homeschooler achieve academic excellence.

• All students are welcome to apply.

• Fully accredited by the Classical Latin School Association • Access to knowledgeable instructors, rigorous curriculum, and classroom accountability

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Writing Bible Heroes: Writing Lessons in Structure and Style

Adventures in Writing: Implementing the "Structure and Style" Method

Grades 1-2

Grades 3-5 | $35.00

$35.00

This theme-based writing curriculum will help young students enjoy learning to take notes, summarize narrative stories, write from pictures, and compose creative essays. Teacher's Manual eBook is included.

Get to know the heroes of the Bible while working through writing exercises that include key word outlining, paraphrasing, and summarizing stories. Teacher's Manual eBook is included.

Introduction to Composition

This introductory program focuses on narration, outlining, dictation, and copywork to help students become more proficient in listening and writing skills, a great preparation for Classical Composition. This yearlong writing course uses focus passages from Charlotte's Web, Farmer Boy, A Bear Called Paddington, Mr. Popper's Penguins, and The Moffats.

Grades 3-4 Student $11.50 Key $11.50

Classical Composition

by James A. Selby | Grades 4-12

$96.22 set ea. (student, teacher, videos) Student $21.95 ea. | Teacher $29.95 ea.

Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $55.00 ea. (available for I-VIII) Classical Composition is our study in the progymnasmata ("the before exercises"), a combination writing and pre-rhetoric program that teaches students the fundamental writing skills of style, arrangement, and invention in clear and systematic lessons. The nine stages of Classical Composition will not only teach the art of communication, but are designed to produce what Quintilian once called "the good man, speaking well."

The structured lessons in the Student Guides help students become confident writers as they thoroughly master the incremental skills of each stage. The Teacher Guides provide sample answers for every exercise as well as scripted Chalk Talk. Optional Instructional Videos are also available if you'd like the support of a master teacher to help guide you and your students through the lessons.

Starting late? No problem!

Complete Fable and Narrative in one year and get a reduced package price of $138.98 for both sets of Student and Teacher Guides and videos.

CLASSICAL COMPOSITION STAGES: I: Fable (pictured) II: Narrative III: Chreia & Maxim IV: Refutation & Confirmation V: Common Topic VI: Encomium, Invective, & Comparison VII: Characterization (1 semester) VIII: Description (1 semester) IX: Thesis & Law

Grammar English Grammar Recitation I-V Grades 3-8 English Grammar Recitation $11.50 | Flashcards $14.20 Student $13.60 ea. | Teacher $14.65 ea.

English Grammar Practice Grade 2 Student $8.95 | Teacher $11.50 Designed for the final year of primary school, this program is used as morning work or oral practice of many basic aspects of language arts, from capitalization and punctuation to language and reading skills.

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W riting & G rammar

Memoria Press' English Grammar Recitation is perfect for the student who needs an English grammar program that coordinates with his study of Latin.

150 grammar questions with answers and examples, designed to be studied and memorized much like a catechism, are compiled in the English Grammar Recitation reference book. These questions are learned over the course of six years in just thirty minutes a week. Students are given practice exercises in the Student Workbook and the opportunity to practice immediate recall with the Flashcards. The Teacher Guide provides answers to all exercises.

NEW! Introduction to English Grammar (see p. 4)

MemoriaPress.com

Logic & Rhetoric Traditional Logic I and II cover the branch of logic called "formal logic," which is concerned with the form and structure of reasoning. It focuses on the procedural aspect of reasoning, its mechanics, how we properly get from two premises or assumptions to a conclusion. The program is designed to teach students a practical mastery of the art of argument.

Traditional Logic I presents the four kinds of logical statements, the four ways propositions can be opposed, the three ways which they can be equivalent, and the seven rules for the validity of syllogisms.

In Traditional Logic II students will master the use of the nineteen valid categorical argument forms through the memorization of a medieval mnemonic device, and learn the three kinds of hypothetical arguments. Students will study examples of arguments from history and literature.

Traditional Logic I: Introduction to Formal Logic & Traditional Logic II: Advanced Formal Logic

The Texts explain challenging concepts in clear, concise language.

The accompanying Student Workbooks include enough exercises to ensure that the student masters the material before moving on. The Teacher Keys include answers to the workbooks, quizzes, and tests. Instructional Videos are also available if you would like a little help from the author teaching the material.

by Martin Cothran | Grades 7+

$79.99 complete set ea. (text, workbook, key, quizzes, videos) $43.74 basic set ea. (text, workbook, key, quizzes) Text $15.75 ea. | Workbook $18.40 ea. | Key $11.50 ea.

Videos $55.00 ea. | Quizzes $6.00 ea.

Material Logic: A Course in How to Think

Classical Rhetoric:

by Martin Cothran | Grades 9+

Aristotle's Principles of Persuasion

$95.99 complete set

by Martin Cothran | Grades 9+

(text, workbook, key, quizzes, videos)

$148.95 complete set

$46.49 basic set (text, workbook, key, quizzes)

(basic set + How to Read a Book & Figures of Speech)

$97.25 basic set

Text $15.75 | Workbook $18.40 Key $11.50 | Quizzes & Test $6.00 Videos $55.00

(student, teacher, Q&T, videos, Aristotle's Rhetoric)

Material Logic is a course in how to think. It covers the branch of logic called "informal logic" that deals with the content of argumentation. It can be used as a follow-up to Traditional Logic or simply as an introduction to the rudiments of classical philosophy for high school students. The program covers the ten ways something can exist, the fives ways of saying something about something else, definition, and division.

Student $29.95 | Teacher $11.50 Quizzes & Tests $6.00 Videos $55.00 | Aristotle's Rhetoric $5.00 How to Read a Book $19.99 Figures of Speech $44.95 Classical Rhetoric is a guided tour through the first part of the single greatest book on communication ever written: Aristotle's Rhetoric. This course involves a study of the fundamental principles of political philosophy, ethics, and traditional psychology. Your student will not only learn the basics of political speech, but also the elements of good character, the seven reasons people act, and what elicits specific emotions under particular circumstances and why.

Logic Supplements

Rhetoric Supplements

Handbook of Christian Apologetics: Hundreds of Answers to Crucial Questions

by Peter Kreeft & Ronald K. Tacelli $30.00 (optional supplement)

Socrates Meets Jesus: History's Greatest Questioner Confronts the Claims of Christ

by Peter Kreeft $22.00 (optional supplement)

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Aristotle's Rhetoric

How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading

Figures of Speech: 60 Ways to Turn a Phrase

$5.00

by Mortimer J. Adler & Charles Van Doren

by Arthur Quinn

(REQUIRED supplement)

$19.99

(optional supplement)

translated by W. Rhys Roberts

$44.95

(optional supplement)

Logic & Rhetoric

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T

he most important part of the curriculum for classical education is what we call the humanities. They are an expansion of what the medieval system called the trivium—the three subjects of grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic— which constitutes the language of the humanities as mathematics is the language of the sciences. Grammar means the structure of language, both in general and in particular; and "the particular" means both a foreign language and your native tongue, the King's English, which is also a foreign language to many of today's teens. If you do not know another language you will not appreciate English, and you will simply never become a good writer, for two reasons.

First of all, you cannot write good English unless you appreciate English, and you cannot fully appreciate anything except by contrast with its other, and other languages are that other.

Second, a good writer is a master not only of English but of language itself, but you cannot rise to the knowledge of the universal structures and principles of language itself unless you begin with at least two particular languages (and preferably more than two) from which you can abstract those general principles.

Among non-English languages two stand out as especially useful: Greek and Latin; and this also has two reasons. The first reason is the historical fact that they are the roots of Western civilization, both because of what they are in themselves, the two most beautiful Peter Kreeft is professor of philosophy at Boston College and the author of numerous books on Christianity, culture, and philosophy, including the Handbook of Christian Apologetics and Socrates Meets Jesus.

C. S. Lewis: A Critical Essay is now available from Memoria College Press. This article is an abridged version of his presentation at the Society for Classical Learning’s 2007 Annual Conference.

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W hat I s Cl assical Ed u cation F or?

specimens of language ever invented, and because all the great books of premodern times except for the Old Testament were written in either Greek or Latin.

The second reason is that these two languages are so highly and rationally structured with such a good infection of inflection, that to learn them is to exercise the mind more lithely and acrobatically, to give the mind the power to play with words more fully and elaborately, than can be done in any modern language.

I can tell, nine times out of ten, whether a student has studied Greek or Latin simply by reading his English.

Great stylists like Cardinal Newman and C. S. Lewis could never have tamed and mastered English and made it flow and prance and sing and juggle so effortlessly and obediently if they had not first mastered Latin and Greek, which were light heavyweight sparring partners to prepare them for lightweight boxing in English.

The mastery of the grammar of these languages enables you to master the rhetoric, the beautiful and powerful use of it, rather as understanding a cookbook enables you to cook a delicious meal, or as understanding the principles of physics enables you to apply them in technology.

The third and culminating subject of the trivium, "dialectic," means logic, or rather the use of logic in philosophy, the use of logic in the pursuit of wisdom.

Although, pedagogically, the study of formal logic often begins before the study of rhetoric, wisdom, the product of dialectic, is both the last and most important part of the subject matter of the curriculum and also the end of it all. Of course, the logic meant here is not the empty, merely mathematical, computer logic found in modern logic texts, but the logic of ordinary language, which begins not with quantitative symbols, but with qualitative words, which need to be defined, and concepts, which MemoriaPress.com

need to be understood. And the philosophy meant here is not the technical, academic exercises in "publish or perish" "scholarship" that fill those dreary professional philosophical journals today, but the living, literal love and pursuit of wisdom, especially wisdom about values and virtues, the kind of thing Plato did in his dialogues— an enterprise most modern professional philosophers, alas, have completely abandoned.

What Is Education For? As arms, legs, hands, hearts, brains, lungs, and all the other body parts make a single human body—and as the plot, characters, setting, theme, and style make up a single story—all these subjects in the curriculum make up a single thing: an education, an educare, a leading-out and leading-up into the light. It is a change, like an operation or a birth: a change in the student. It is a change from darkness to light, from small mind to large mind, that is, from ignorance to knowledge, and (much more important) from folly to wisdom.

Education, as classically conceived, is not primarily for citizenship, or for making money, or for success in life, or for a veneer of "culture," or for escaping your lower-class origins and joining the middle class, or for professional or vocational training, whether the profession is honorable, like auto repair, or questionable, like law; and whether the profession is telling the truth, like an x-ray technician, or telling lies, like advertising or communications or politics. The first and foundational purpose of education is not external but internal: It is to make the little human a little more human, bigger on the inside.

The primary end of classical education, then, is in the student. But the student is a human being, and according to all the religions of the world (and therefore according to the vast majority of all people who have ever lived, in all times, places, and cultures), the ultimate end or final cause of a human being is something more than simply the mature flourishing of human powers, especially the powers of mind, in this life. If this is true—if in fact this life is a gymnasium to train for another, sterner combat—then the ultimate purpose of classical education is there.

One of the functions of the teacher is to raise the dead, to make the authors present. How? Not by doing anything to the authors, but to the readers: by getting the students to read the great books as their authors intended them to be read, namely actively, questioningly, in dialogue with the author, who will speak to them from beyond the grave or from a distance if, and only if, the reader asks the right questions, the logical questions.

The reader may thus get the alarming sense that he is being haunted by the ghost of the writer. A great book, properly read, becomes not just a dead object but a living subject, a person, or the ghost of a person.

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Christianity & Classical Education Finally, a few thoughts on the relation between Christianity and classical education. Christianity naturally leads to classical education because Christianity teaches respect for the mind as part of the image of God in man, respect for the world as God's intelligent, designed creation, and respect for human words because words, for the Christian, are not merely humanly invented labels for the commerce of writing and speaking. Rather, words dimly reflect their ultimate divine origin. "In the beginning was the Word." In turn, classical education leads to Christianity because classical education seeks all truth for its own sake, is open to all truth, is a truth-seeking missile; and according to Christ, all who seek, find. Non-Christians are not seekers, or, if they are, they are not non-Christians for long.

When the right lynchpin, or capstone, or keystone is in place, everything else in the structure gets its proper place and meaning and fulfillment. And classical education helps Christianity, or rather Christianization— the Christianization of students—because nature is the soil for grace, and classical education is the best fertilizer.

A student who knows what a subject and a predicate are is much more likely to understand that God's existence can be logically proved; and a student who knows that both human thought and language and the material universe are by their own intrinsic nature rationally structured is not likely to be a skeptic, a subjectivist, a New Ager, or a Deconstructionist. Nie sche sagely observed that "we atheists have not abolished God until we have abolished grammar." For grammar is the reflection of The Word in words, the reflection of the ordering reason of the Creator in the ordered structure of the creature's language.

It is a relationship of transcendence. As Pascal showed us, classical wisdom is infinitely more precious than all the best goods in the world, but Christian wisdom is infinitely more precious than the best classical education in the world; and the second infinity is infinitely more infinite than the first. When St. Thomas Aquinas was traveling across the Pyrenees (on foot, because he was very heavy and had charity to animal donkeys as well as human ones), the sun suddenly broke through the clouds and revealed an awesome vista of fifty miles of rich forests and richer cities, with shining golden domes. His friend Brother Reginald said, "Wouldn't it be a grand thing to own all that your eye can see at this moment, Brother Thomas?" And Brother Thomas replied, after only a moment's hesitation, "I suppose so, but I think it would be a grander thing to own that missing page in that Aristotle manuscript." A little more wisdom is more than a little better than a lot of anything else.

W hat I s Cl assical Ed u cation F or?

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science & nature Mammals

Student $16.75 Teacher $18.85

Grades 3+

The World of Mammals $21.00

$72.67 set

What Is a Mammal? $9.95

(student, teacher,

What Is the Animal Kingdom? $9.95

The World of Mammals, What Is a Mammal?, What Is the Animal Kingdom?)

The young student's natural fascination with animals makes this in-depth study of the habitats, behaviors, and classification of mammals a wonderful grammar school course. Lessons draw from The World of Mammals, What Is the Animal Kingdom?, and What Is a Mammal? and include comprehension questions, drawing exercises, and observation pages.

The Book of Astronomy Grades 3+ Student $16.75 | Teacher $19.90 Teach your student the story of the sky! This guide covers stars, constellations, the solar system, and the zodiac.

The Book of Insects Grades 4+

$70.34 set (text, student, teacher, field guide, flashcards) Text $17.35 | Student $17.35 Teacher $19.45 | eBook $12.00 Monarch Butterfly • Lepidoptera [Greek: λεπιδος + πτερα] means "scale-winged" • Cabbage butterfly, sphinx moth, monarch butterfly, brush-footed butterfly, swallowtail butterfly, luna moth • Complete metamorphosis • Characteristics: large wings and coiling mouthparts • Also includes: tiger moth, cecropia moth, skipper butterfly

Honeybee • Hymenoptera [Greek: υµεν + πτερα] means "membrane-winged" • Paper wasp, yellow jacket, hornet, carpenter ant, fire ant, honeybee, bumblebee • Complete metamorphosis • Characteristics: slender waist and stingers • Also includes: saw fly, mud dauber, bulldog ant, sweat bee

Flashcards $14.00 | Peterson Guide $9.99 A narrative approach to the life of insects that takes your student through classification, anatomy, and more!

The Book of Birds

by Sarah Jo Davis and Kalee Miller | Grades 5+

$83.96 set (text, student, teacher, field guide, coloring book, flashcards) Text $20.50 | Student $17.35 | Teacher $19.45 Peterson Guide $9.99 | Coloring Book $11.99 | Flashcards $14.00 The Book of Birds is a thorough introduction to a fascinating avian world, covering everything from anatomy and the physics of flight to social habits and habitats.

The Book of Trees

by Sean Brooks | Grades 6+

$68.08 set (text, student, teacher, field guide, Tree Book) Text $17.35 | Student $17.35 | Teacher $19.45 Peterson Guide $9.99 The Tree Book for Kids and Their Grown-Ups $15.95 Do you know that the very gift of breath is the result of the oxygen that trees and plants produce? Or that trees and plants provide the means of sustenance for all life on Earth? The Book of Trees, along with the Student Workbook and Teacher Guide, will teach your student both plant morphology and taxonomy (the different parts and different kinds of plants), as well as photosynthesis and respiration. Other chapters cover flowers and fruits. The second half of the course is dedicated to tree observation and classification.

S cience & N atu re

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science & nature John H. Tiner's Science Grades 5-9 Text $16.99 ea.

Supplemental Student Questions $6.00 ea.

Teacher Key & Tests $8.95 ea.

J. H. Tiner's illustrated science books for middle school students are written from a biblical perspective and have won numerous awards.

Each includes review questions and activities for every chapter, and Memoria Press has written supplemental questions, unit reviews, and tests for each book.

Choose From: Exploring the History of Medicine

Exploring the World of Physics

Exploring Planet Earth

Exploring the World of Biology

Exploring the World of Mathematics Exploring the World of Chemistry

Nature's Beautiful Order

by Christopher O. Blum & John A. Cuddeback Grades 6+ Text $21.95 | Student $13.60 Teacher $14.65

Exploring the World of Astronomy

Novare Science Grades 6+ See full book and price lists on MemoriaPress.com!

Novare is committed to a mastery-learning paradigm. Accurate explanations and a thorough treatment of the subject matter characterize these courses from start to finish. The Digital Resources download includes quizzes and exams, a teacher key, weekly review guides, and more.

Physical Science Earth Science Introductory Physics General Chemistry

Choose From: Accelerated Chemistry Physics: Modeling Nature General Biology

This introduction to natural history instills in the beginning student of biology a love for the beauty and order of the animal kingdom through the eyes of the classical naturalists.

Students will be led from the invertebrate animals through the five great vertebrate classes to the culmination of the natural order, a consideration of man as the knowing animal and as a steward of Creation.

THE MEMORIA PRESS MODEL SCHOOL FOR A CLASSICAL CHRISTIAN EDUCATION To join or start a campus, request more information at

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