The Classical Teacher - Late Summer 2021

Saving Western civilization one student at a time.

Late Summer 2021

Moral Illiteracy and the Case for Character Education

by William Kirk Kilpatrick

Ethics Without Virtue

by Christina Hoff Sommers Curing the Disease of the Soul

by Dr. Dan Sheffler Reaching for Infinity

by Jon Christianson

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

After Virtue

by Martin Cothran

n 1981, a book was published by a well-regarded, but-until-then-not-terribly-famous philosopher.

The book was called After Virtue; the author was Alasdair MacIntyre. The book sent shock waves throughout the academic community—shock waves that resonate even today. Some consider it the most influential book of philosophy published in the last fifty years.

In the succeeding years MacIntyre became the closest thing in the field of philosophy to a rock star— although admittedly the money was probably not nearly as good.

Why this book? What did MacIntyre say that was so revolutionary?

In fact, what MacIntyre said was not revolutionary at all, but quite conservative. What he did was articulate an older view of morality that had been buried under layer upon layer of modern ethical thinking.

What would it be like, he asked, if some worldwide catastrophe occurred—an environmental disaster or, let's say, a virus—that resulted in a rebellion against science and in its ensuing destruction? Imagine all we had left was a portion of the periodic table, a few pieces of laboratory equipment, and a few random scientific terms, none of which we knew the use or the meaning because the system of scientific thought that gave them meaning had disappeared.

According to MacIntyre, this is precisely the state in which we find the language of morality today.

Having lost any central system of ethical thought that could arbitrate our disagreements about morality, the only standard by which we judge what is right is by what is right in our own eyes.

MacIntyre points out that around the seventeenth century, the beginning of what we now call the Enlightenment, Western thinkers largely abandoned traditional views of morality. They ended up in three identifiable camps: Philosophers such as the French thinker Diderot and the English philosopher David Hume tried to base their view of morality on sentiment;

I

2

Letter from the Editor

the philosopher Immanuel Kant attempted to base moral thought on reason itself; and the Christian thinker Soren Kierkegaard tried to base it on the will.

Sentiment, reason, and free will. They all sound good. But none of these theories has succeeded in making sense of what it is to be good, and how to ensure our actions are right.

MacIntyre pointed out that the traditional system of ethics that had been abandoned during the Enlightenment as intellectually unfashionable is still there, and it still makes sense. He describes it in one of the most influential statements ever made by a modern philosopher, simple in its formulation, and sensible in its meaning: Consider first the general form of the moral scheme …, which in a variety of diverse forms and with numerous rivals came for long periods to dominate the European Middle Ages from the twelfth century onwards, a scheme which included both classical and theistic elements. Its basic structure is that which Aristotle analysed in the Nicomachean Ethics. Within that teleological scheme there is a fundamental contrast between man-as-he-happens-tobe and man-as-he-could-be-if-he-realized-his-essential-nature.

Ethics is the science which is to enable men to understand how they make the transition from the former state to the latter. [Emphasis added]

As Christians we know that this "essential nature" is the image of God in us. A right action is one through which, by means of God's grace, we bring our souls back into compliance with the true image of God in us. And the chief means by which this is done, said MacIntyre, is by the telling of stories that extol virtuous behavior—heroic stories of Fortitude, Justice, and Love—stories which can only make sense in the context of a civilized community.

The Christian implications of what MacIntyre argues should be apparent and make sense of why, just several years after writing After Virtue, he became a Christian.

MemoriaPress.com

Late Summer 2021 FEATURED ARTICLES

2 18 32 36 45

Letter from the Editor by Martin Cothran Through a Glass Wine-Darkly by Jon Christianson How to Argue by Martin Cothran Curing the Disease of the Soul by Dr. Dan Sheffler

52 60 64 72

Ethics Without Virtue by Christina Hoff Sommers

Virtue and Discipline in the Arts by Dr. Carol Reynolds Tentatio: A Teacher of Virtue by Cheryl Swope Reaching for Infinity by Jon Christianson Moral Illiteracy and the Case for Character Education

by William Kirk Kilpatrick

CLASSICAL CORE CURRICULUM

SCIENCE & MATH

4 5 38

31 54

Curriculum Packages and Supplements Read-Aloud Programs Curriculum Map Yearly Outlook

Science & Nature

LATIN, GREEK, & FRENCH

PRIMARY YEARS

57 57 58 62 63

Arithmetic & Math

21 22 24 26 27 28

Primary Enrichment Character Building Alphabet, Phonics, Reading, & Spelling New American Cursive Penmanship

Prima Latina & Latina Christiana Latin Forms Series Latin Supplements Upper School Latin & NLE Prep Guides AP Latin & French Greek

LITERATURE, GRAMMAR, & WRITING

LOGIC & RHETORIC

30 66 71

34 35 35

Classical Composition, IEW, & English Grammar Literature Poetry

Aristotle's Rhetoric Traditional Logic Material Logic

AMERICAN / MODERN STUDIES

ART & MUSIC

42 43 44

56

American Studies Geography Upper School American Studies & Modern European History

CLASSICAL / CHRISTIAN STUDIES

48 50 75

NEW

D'Aulaires' Greek Myths, Famous Men Series, Dorothy Mills Histories

56 57

Art Posters, Art Cards, Creating Art, & Music Appreciation Primary Enrichment

RESOURCES

20 28

Classical Literature

Professor Carol: Discovering Music, Exploring America's Musical Heritage, & Early Sacred Music

Classical Education Resources Memoria Press Online Academy

Christian Studies

Second Form Greek (p. 29)

Manner of the Week Wall Charts (p. 57)

The Magician's Nephew (p. 70)

Cut & Paste Book (p. 57)

Multiplication & Division Flashcards (p. 31)

Memoria Math Challenge (p. 31)

Insects Flashcards (p. 54)

Penmanship Practice: Wisdom Scriptures (p. 62)

Kindergarten Morning Work (p. 58)

NEW

We also have full-year curriculum packages for students with special needs.

Visit SimplyClassical.com for information or to sign up for the Simply Classical Journal. © Copyright 2021 (all rights reserved)

MEMORIA PRESS MemoriaPress.com

Publisher | Memoria Press Editor | Martin Cothran Assistant Editor | Dayna Grant

Managing Editor | Tanya Charlton Copy Editor | Ellen R. Anderson Graphic Designers | Aileen Delgado & Jessica Osborne

ONLINE ACADEMY MemoriaPressAcademy.com

The Classical Core Curriculum is a complete classical Christian curriculum that emphasizes the traditional liberal arts of language and mathematics and the cultural heritage of the Christian West as expressed in the great works of history and literature. The curriculum has an early focus on the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and a special emphasis on Latin. Latin is the best way to gain an academic vocabulary and to learn the formal system of grammar, and is, along with math, the best early critical thinking skills training. The study of the cultures of Athens and Rome, as well as biblical and Church history, is designed to provide a basis for a proper understanding of European and American history.

Classical Core Curriculum

PRESCHOOL

$225 Full Set (all books + Curriculum Manual) $30 Curriculum Manual Only

• Preschool Curriculum Manual • Prayers for Children • Jesus Is With Me • Jesus Hears Me • Jesus Knows Me • Big Red Barn • The Best Mouse Cookie • Little Fur Family • Bunny's Noisy Book • From Head to Toe • Goodnight Moon • Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What Do You Hear?

• Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? • Numbers, Colors, Shapes

• The Very Busy Spider • Good Night, Gorilla • The Tale of Peter Rabbit • Fuzzy Yellow Ducklings • My Very First Book of Shapes • ABC: An Amazing Alphabet Book!

• Put Me in the Zoo • Hand, Hand, Fingers, Thumb • Cars and Trucks From A to Z • My First Counting Book • The Animals' Christmas Eve • Big Dog ... Little Dog • Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You? • A Children's Treasury of Nursery Rhymes • 1 Is One

Classical Core Curriculum JR. KINDERGARTEN $141.66 Full Set (all books + 2-Day Curriculum Manual) $60.29 Consumable Books Set (for additional students) $30 Curriculum Manual Only $365.59 Supplemental Read-Aloud Program (p. 5) Character Building Supplements: Myself & Others Books I and II Core Sets (p. 57)

• Jr. Kindergarten Curriculum Manual • Counting With Numbers • Numbers & Colors Book • Prayers for Children • Alphabet Books 1 & 2 • Numbers Coloring Book • Alphabet Coloring Book • Alphabet Flashcards • Alphabet Manuscript Wall Charts

4

Classical Core Curriculum

• Richard Scarry's Best Mother Goose Ever • Big Thoughts for Little People (Devotional) • Hailstones and Halibut Bones (Poetry) • The Book of Crafts: Jr. Kindergarten • My Very Own Scissors Book

5-Day Junior Kindergarten Curriculum now available! | $209.92 Check out the book list: MemoriaPress.com/JK-5

Curriculum prices valid as of printing.

Subject to change.

MemoriaPress.com

Classical Core Curriculum

READ-ALOUD PROGRAMS Kindergarten Read-Aloud Set pictured. For a complete list of books in each set, visit MemoriaPress.com.

Choose from: • Jr. Kindergarten Read-Aloud $365.59

To complete the Literature & Enrichment portion of the K-2 curriculum, you will need the weekly read-alouds. You may already own many of these classic books, but you can also gather them at the library or purchase them from us. We schedule Literature ReadAlouds and American Studies Read-Alouds for older students in our 3rd-6th grade Curriculum Manuals. These grammar school sets are supplemental as time and interest permit.

Memoria Press Streaming Streaming Audio:

• Prima Latina • Latina Christiana • First Form Latin • Second Form Latin

• Lingua Angelica • Music Appreciation • First Start French I

Streaming Video:

• Classical Composition • Traditional Logic I • Traditional Logic II • Material Logic • Prima Latina • Latina Christiana • First Form Latin • Second Form Latin • Third Form Latin • Fourth Form Latin • First Form Greek

• Latin Recitation • Greek Tragedies • Divine Comedy • Aeneid • Iliad • Odyssey • Algebra I • Algebra II • Biology • First Start Reading

Our Streaming Instructional Videos are a digital alternative to physical DVDs, and require only a device (computer, phone, tablet) with internet access. They include the same thorough and engaging teacher instruction as our DVDs. Purchase of a subscription gives you LIFETIME ACCESS to the videos!

• •

Kindergarten Read-Aloud $366.54 Kindergarten Science & Enrichment $366.56

• •

First Grade Read-Aloud $379.46 First Grade Science & Enrichment $259.51

• •

Second Grade Read-Aloud $342.56 Second Grade Science & Enrichment $205.18

• • •

Third Grade Read-Aloud Novels $185.82 Third Grade Read-Aloud Picture Books $335.66 Third Grade American/Modern $139.73 (p. 43)

• •

Fourth Grade Read-Aloud $136.70 Fourth Grade American/Modern $81.90 (p. 43)

• •

Fifth Grade Read-Aloud $112.69 Fifth Grade American/Modern $64.88 (p. 43)

• •

Sixth Grade Read-Aloud $79.76 Sixth Grade American/Modern $58.90 (p. 43)

Don't need an entire package?

Lesson Plans by Subject

$3.00 - $16.00 per subject Memoria Press' lesson plans by subject allow you to tailor the Classical Core Curriculum to your own needs. These plans retain our week-at-a-glance layout, scheduling the individual subjects of each grade so you can mix and match as you need.

✓ Latin Forms Series ✓ Literature ✓ Classical Studies ✓ Kindergarten Phonics ✓ Christian Studies ✓ Geography ✓ Math & Science ✓ AND MORE!

OR Shop entire list online: www.MemoriaPress.com/lesson-plans

Stream today at MemoriaPress.com/streaming

1-877-862-1097

Classical Core Curriculum

5

Classical Core Curriculum

Kindergarten Everything You Need for One Year!

Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available!

6

Classical Core Curriculum

$417.40 Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $144.60 MemoriaPress.com

CURRICULUM MANUAL The Curriculum Manual is your roadmap, your recipe, your flight checklist. Never make another lesson plan again—we've utilized our years of classroom and homeschool experience to do it for you. Every day, every subject, every exercise: consider it planned.

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 1-877-862-1097.

PHONICS & SPELLING 100 Days of Summer Reading Book I (p. 59); First Start Reading A-D; Kindergarten Phonics & Reading Instructional Videos (p. 58); Classical Phonics; Phonics Flashcards (p. 59); Christian Liberty Nature Reader, Book K; Scamp and Tramp; Soft and White; Fun in the Sun; Cut & Paste Book (p. 57); Animal Alphabet Coloring Book; Core Skills Phonics K & 1

MATH Numbers Book set; Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1 Student (Part 1), Teacher, and Practice Sheets; Arithmetic Flashcards: Addition: & Subtraction; Memoria Math Challenge A (p. 31)

Arithmetic is the second major focus of the primary years.

Next to the alphabet, arithmetic is the most useful tool students will ever possess. A failure to master basics is the cause of the glass ceiling that most students reach in their mathematics education. In kindergarten students take the first steps in learning to print numbers and master math facts. Rod & Staff texts have concise, clear lessons and lots of practice problems that foster mastery and retention.

ENRICHMENT Kindergarten Enrichment; Book of Crafts: Kindergarten (p. 57); Kindergarten Art Cards (p. 56); Animals, Animals; A Child's Book of Poems; Music Enrichment (p. 57)

Learning to read is what kindergarten is all about. Phonics & Spelling is where the bulk of the kindergarten work is done, building a solid foundation for the following school years. Our traditional approach to phonics has students blending from the beginning and reading immediately—but only words and phonograms they have already been taught! Targeted phonetic stories paired with each lesson will reward and motivate your beginning reader.

PENMANSHIP Copybook I; Composition & Sketchbook I (p. 63)

Neat, legible penmanship is crucial for the development of accuracy in spelling and arithmetic, and is a vital skill that teaches focus, discipline, patience, and attention to detail.

Copybook I gives students ample practice to perfect their penmanship through passages from the King James Bible and classic children's poems.

CHRISTIAN The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment (p. 75)

Enrichment is the classical part of our kindergarten year.

The focus of this program is a weekly read-aloud book that we have connected to a piece of classical art, classical music, poetry, and a science and history lesson. The read-aloud books have been chosen for the beauty of their prose and illustrations. Expose students to beauty and they will not be satisfied with anything less.

OPTIONAL Primary Phonics Readers, Set 1

1-877-862-1097

For extra practice as needed.

In kindergarten through second grade we read chronologically through the Bible— from Creation to Revelation—for the first time using The Story Bible. The simple but elevated language of the text is good preparation for reading the Bible itself in later years, and the illustrations are beautiful, informative, and an invaluable aid to memory. The enrichment guide helps facilitate understanding and discussion.

MORNING WORK Kindergarten Morning Work (p. 58); Manner of the Week Wall Charts (p. 57)

Start off your morning with these review activities that allow students to build confidence and the teacher to gauge mastery.

Get ready for the day by practicing quick recall and discussing simple guidelines for good manners.

7

Classical Core Curriculum

RETAIL

474.57

$

GRADE 1

PACKAGE PRICE

$

360.37

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $165.43 Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available! (p. 5)

LITERATURE StoryTime Treasures set; More StoryTime Treasures set (p. 66); Winter on the Farm; Christmas in the Big Woods; Little House Christmas Treasury; 100 Days of Summer Reading Book II (p. 59)

PHONICS & SPELLING

PENMANSHIP

First Start Reading Book E; Traditional Spelling I set (p. 59)

New American Cursive 1 (p. 62); Copybook II; Composition & Sketchbook II; Cursive Practice Sheets I; Alphabet Wall Poster; Summer Cursive (p. 63); Penmanship Tablet

Lesson Plans for One Year

ENRICHMENT First Grade Book of Crafts; First Grade Enrichment (p. 57); First Grade Art Cards (p. 56)

OPTIONAL

MATH Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1 Student (Part 2); Rod & Staff Arithmetic 2 Student (Unit 1), Teacher (Units 1-2), and Practice Sheets Book 1; Memoria Math Challenge B (p. 31)

CURRICULUM MANUAL

Primary Phonics Readers, Sets 2-6

American Language Series

OR

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $142.79 New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Classical Phonics; Phonics Flashcards; A Child's Book of Poems; Animals, Animals; The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment; Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1 Teacher Manual and Practice Sheets; Arithmetic Flashcards: Addition & Subtraction; Music Enrichment

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 1-877-862-1097.

8

Classical Core Curriculum

MemoriaPress.com

Classical Core Curriculum

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $222.65

Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available! (p. 5) SCIENCE

CURRICULUM MANUAL

Rod & Staff Patterns of Nature

Lesson Plans for One Year

GRADE 2

AMERICAN/ MODERN

607.22

$

PACKAGE PRICE

LATIN Prima Latina complete set (p. 21)

Stories of Great Americans for Little Americans (p. 42)

RETAIL

$

468.70

Prima Latina Streaming Instructional Videos Available! (p. 5)

PENMANSHIP

MATH

GRAMMAR

New American Cursive 2 (p. 62); Copybook Cursive I; Composition & Sketchbook II (p. 63); Prima Latina Copybook (p. 24); Penmanship Tablet

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 2 Student (Units 1-4), Teacher (Parts 1-2), Practice Sheets; Supplemental Pack; Memoria Math Challenge (p. 31)

English Grammar Practice (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 2

LITERATURE

ENRICHMENT

Second Grade Literature set; Second Grade Literature Dictionary (p. 66); 100 Days of Summer Reading Book III (p. 59)

Second Grade Enrichment; Second Grade Book of Crafts (p. 57); Second Grade Art Cards (p. 56)

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $105.34 OPTIONAL

New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Cursive Practice Sheets II (p. 63); Easy Reader Classics (p. 59)

Classical Phonics; Phonics Flashcards; A Child's Book of Poems; Animals, Animals; Music Enrichment; The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment; Arithmetic Flashcards: Addition & Subtraction

1-877-862-1097

PHONICS & SPELLING Traditional Spelling II set (p. 59)

Classical Core Curriculum

9

Classical Core Curriculum RETAIL

849.69

$

GRADE 3

PACKAGE PRICE

$

545.71

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $257.58 Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available! (p. 5)

LATIN

SCIENCE

Latina Christiana set (p. 21), LC Review Worksheets set (p. 25); Latina Christiana: Games & Puzzles set (p. 24)

CURRICULUM MANUAL

Mammals set (p. 55)

Lesson Plans for One Year

AMERICAN/MODERN

WRITING

PENMANSHIP

MATH

States & Capitals set; FlashKids States & Capitals Flashcards (p. 43)

All Things Fun & Fascinating (p. 30)

New American Cursive 3 (p. 62)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 3 Student, Teacher, Supplemental Worksheets and Key, Blacklines, Speed Drills (p. 31); FlashKids Multiplication & Division Flashcards

CLASSICAL

GRAMMAR

SPELLING

D'Aulaires' Greek Myths set; Timeline Program (p. 48)

English Grammar Recitation and English Grammar Recitation Workbook I set and Flashcards (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 3

Spelling Workout D set

CHRISTIAN

LITERATURE/POETRY

Christian Studies I set; The Golden Children's Bible; Memory Verse Flashcards; Old Testament Flashcards (p. 75)

Third Grade Literature set (p. 67); Poetry for the Grammar Stage set (p. 71); The Best Christmas Pageant Ever

OPTIONAL

New to Memoria Press? You need this item from Second Grade.

Cursive Practice Sheets III (p. 63)

Latina Christiana Flashcards $14.95

Latina Christiana Streaming Instructional Videos Available! (p. 5)

10

Classical Core Curriculum

MemoriaPress.com

Classical Core Curriculum

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $116.87

GRADE 4

Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available! (p. 5) MATH

SPELLING

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 4 Student, Teacher (Parts 1-2), Tests, Speed Drills, Speed Drill Packet (p. 31)

Spelling Workout E set

CURRICULUM MANUAL Lesson Plans for One Year

RETAIL

461.14

$

PACKAGE PRICE

$

314.63

LITERATURE Fourth Grade Literature set (p. 67); Papa Panov's Special Christmas; Twelve Days of Christmas; A Promise Kept: The Story of Christmas; Good King Wenceslas

WRITING

SCIENCE

PENMANSHIP

GRAMMAR

Classical Composition I: Fable Student, Teacher, DVDs (p. 30)

The Book of Astronomy set (p. 54)

Copybook Cursive II (p. 63)

Core Skills Language Arts 4

Transitioning to the Classical Core Curriculum in Grade 4?

In our third grade package, students complete half of D'Aulaires' Greek Myths, Latina Christiana, Christian Studies I, English Grammar Recitation I, and States & Capitals, as well as parts of Poetry for the Grammar Stage, which they will continue to use through seventh grade.

The purchase of this package assumes that you have the books that are in our third grade package and have completed the first half of them.

If you are starting the Classical Core Curriculum in fourth grade, we have a discounted transitional package for you: $595.31 Grade 4 for New Users Visit MemoriaPress.com for a complete book list and more information.

Classical Composition Streaming Instructional Videos Available! (p. 5)

1-877-862-1097

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 1-877-862-1097.

Classical Core Curriculum

11

Classical Core Curriculum

RETAIL

809.14

$

PACKAGE PRICE

$

523.22

GRADE 5 CURRICULUM MANUAL

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $194.93 Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available! (p. 5) LATIN

First Form Latin complete set (p. 23); Lingua Angelica I set (p. 24), Latin Grammar Recitation (p. 26)

Lesson Plans for One Year

WRITING

GRAMMAR

MATH

Classical Composition II: Narrative Student, Teacher, DVDs (p. 30)

English Grammar Recitation Workbook II set (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 5

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 5 Student, Teacher (Parts 1-2), Tests, Speed Drills (p. 31)

AMERICAN/MODERN

CLASSICAL

CHRISTIAN

Geography I set, including The United States Review set; Geography Flashcards (p. 43)

Famous Men of Rome set (p. 48)

Christian Studies II Student and Teacher (p. 75), Copybook Cursive III (p. 63)

SPELLING

SCIENCE

LITERATURE

Spelling Workout F set

The Book of Insects set (p. 54)

Fifth Grade Literature set (p. 68)

Monarch Butterfly • Lepidoptera [Greek: λεπιδος + πτερα] means "scale-winged" • Cabbage butterfly, sphinx moth, monarch butterfly, brush-footed butterfly, swallowtail butterfly, luna moth • Complete metamorphosis • Characteristics: large wings and coiling mouthparts • Also includes: tiger moth, cecropia moth, skipper butterfly

Honeybee • Hymenoptera [Greek: υµεν + πτερα] means "membrane-winged" • Paper wasp, yellow jacket, hornet, carpenter ant, fire ant, honeybee, bumblebee • Complete metamorphosis • Characteristics: slender waist and stingers • Also includes: saw fly, mud dauber, bulldog ant, sweat bee

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $132.35 – New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Timeline Program, Poetry for the Grammar Stage set, English Grammar Recitation, English Grammar Recitation Flashcards, The Golden Children's Bible, Old Testament Flashcards, Memory Verse Flashcards

First Form Latin & Classical Composition Streaming Instructional Videos Available! (p. 5)

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 1-877-862-1097.

12

Classical Core Curriculum

MemoriaPress.com

Classical Core Curriculum

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $209.08

Supplemental Read-Aloud Sets also available! (p. 5)

GRADE 6

LATIN

AMERICAN/MODERN

Second Form Latin complete set (p. 23)

Geography II set, including Geography I Review set (p. 43)

MATH Rod & Staff Mathematics 6 Student, Teacher (Parts 1-2), Quizzes & Speed Tests, Tests (p. 31)

CURRICULUM MANUAL

RETAIL

797.95

$

PACKAGE PRICE

$

516.22

Lesson Plans for One Year

WRITING

CLASSICAL

Classical Composition III: Chreia & Maxim Student, Teacher, DVDs (p. 30)

Famous Men of the Middle Ages set (p. 48)

GRAMMAR

SPELLING

SCIENCE

English Grammar Recitation Workbook III set (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 6

Spelling Workout G set

The Book of Birds set (p. 54); Exploring the History of Medicine set (p. 55)

LITERATURE

CHRISTIAN

Sixth Grade Literature set (p. 68)

Christian Studies III Student and Teacher; New Testament Flashcards (p. 75); Copybook Cursive IV (p. 63)

Second Form Latin & Classical Composition Streaming Instructional Videos Available! (p. 5)

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $137.95 – New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Timeline Program, Poetry for the Grammar Stage set, English Grammar Recitation, English Grammar Recitation Flashcards, The Golden Children's Bible, Memory Verse Flashcards, Geography Flashcards

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 1-877-862-1097.

1-877-862-1097

Classical Core Curriculum

13

Classical Core Curriculum

RETAIL

906.43

$

GRADE 7

PACKAGE PRICE

CURRICULUM MANUAL

$

564.62

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $224.94

LATIN

WRITING

Third Form Latin complete set (p. 23)

Classical Composition IV: Refutation & Confirmation Student, Teacher, DVDs (p. 30)

Lesson Plans for One Year

SPELLING

AMERICAN/MODERN

CLASSICAL

Spelling Workout H set

The Story of the Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic set; 200 Questions About American History set and Flashcards (p. 42); The Story of the World, Vol. 4

Famous Men of Greece set (p. 48); Horatius at the Bridge (p. 50); The Greek Alphabet set (p. 28)

CHRISTIAN Christian Studies IV Student, Teacher, & Reader (p. 75)

MATH

SCIENCE

College of the Redwoods Prealgebra set (p. 31)

The Book of Trees set (p. 54); Exploring the World of Biology set (p. 55)

GRAMMAR

LITERATURE

English Grammar Recitation Workbook IV set (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 7

Seventh Grade Literature set (p. 68)

Classical Composition Streaming Instructional Videos Available! (p. 5)

14

NEW USER ADD-ON SET $93.24 – New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

REVIEW

Timeline Program, Poetry for the Grammar Stage set, English Grammar Recitation, English Grammar Recitation Flashcards

Geography & Timeline Review (p. 48)

Classical Core Curriculum

Classical Core Curriculum

GRADE 8

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $203.08 GRAMMAR

CLASSICAL

English Grammar Recitation Workbook V set (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 8

The Book of the Ancient Greeks set (p. 49); The Iliad set & DVDs; The Odyssey set & DVDs (p. 51)

CURRICULUM MANUAL

RETAIL

1,284.33

$

PACKAGE PRICE

$

754.75

Lesson Plans for One Year

LATIN

WRITING

CHRISTIAN

Fourth Form Latin complete set (p. 23); Henle Latin First Year set (p. 26)

Classical Composition V: Common Topic Student, Teacher, DVDs (p. 30)

The Book of the Ancient World set (p. 49)

MATH

SCIENCE

AMERICAN/MODERN

VideoText Algebra, Year One (Modules A-C)* (p. 31)

Novare Physical Science Text and Resource CD (p. 55)

Geography III Text, Student, Teacher and Classroom Atlas (p. 43)

*only Module A is pictured

LITERATURE/POETRY

OPTIONAL

Eighth Grade Literature set (p. 68); Poetry & Short Stories: American Literature set (p. 71); Bard of Avon

First Form Greek (p. 29)

Fourth Form Latin, First Form Greek, Classical Composition, Iliad, and Odyssey Streaming Instructional Videos Available! (p. 5)

New to Memoria Press? You need these items from prior years.

Geography Flashcards $19.95

English Grammar Recitation Flashcards $12.95

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 1-877-862-1097.

1-877-862-1097

Classical Core Curriculum

15

Classical Core Curriculum RETAIL

1,372.93

$

PACKAGE PRICE

$

853.25

GRADE 9 CURRICULUM MANUAL Lesson Plans for One Year

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $189.58

LATIN

CLASSICAL

Henle Latin Second Year Lesson Plans, Quizzes & Tests, Text, and Key (p. 26); Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage (p. 24)

The Book of the Ancient Romans set (p. 49); The Aeneid set and DVDs (p. 51)

LOGIC

WRITING

CHRISTIAN

Traditional Logic I & II complete sets (p. 35)

Classical Composition VI: Encomium, Invective, & Comparison Student, Teacher, & DVDs (p. 30)

The Story of Christianity set (p. 76)

LITERATURE/POETRY

AMERICAN/MODERN

Ninth Grade Literature set (p. 69); Poetry, Prose, & Drama: Book I set (p. 71); Book of the Middle Ages (p. 49)

Renaissance & Reformation Times set (p. 49)

SCIENCE

MATH

Modern Biology set (p. 54)

VideoText Algebra, Year Two (Modules D-F)* (p. 31)

NOTE: Modern Biology is a secular textbook that contains a section on evolution not acceptable to many Christians. While we we don't cover that unit in our curriculum, our guides do define related terms. If you do not feel a secular biology text is right for your family, we would recommend Abeka or Apologia as alternates.

*only Module D is pictured

Aeneid, Traditional Logic I and II, Biology, and Classical Composition Streaming Instructional Videos Available! (p. 5)

16

Classical Core Curriculum

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 1-877-862-1097.

MemoriaPress.com

Classical Core Curriculum

GRADE 10

Curriculum Manual Only $30 Consumables Only $206.83 CURRICULUM MANUAL Lesson Plans for One Year

RETAIL

1,662.85

$

PACKAGE PRICE

LATIN

CHRISTIAN

Mueller's Caesar (De Bello Gallico) Text, Teacher's Guide, and Lesson Plans (p. 27)

History of the Early Church set (p. 76)

$

1,022.86

See our 11th and 12th grade recommendations on p. 41!

CLASSICAL

AMERICAN/MODERN

Medea & Other Plays set & DVDs; The Three Theban Plays set & DVDs; The Oresteian Trilogy set & DVDs (p. 50)

A History of Medieval Europe set (p. 44)

WRITING

LITERATURE/POETRY

Classical Composition VII: Characterization and Classical Composition VIII: Description (p. 30)

Tenth Grade Literature set (p. 69); Poetry & Prose: Book II set (p. 71)

SCIENCE

LOGIC

MATH

Novare General Chemistry Text, Resource CD, Complete Solutions Manual, Student Lab Report Handbook, and Experiments for High School at Home (p. 55)

Material Logic complete set (p. 35)

VideoText Geometry (Modules A-E)* (p. 31)

*only Module A is pictured

Greek Tragedies, Classical Composition, and Material Logic Streaming Instructional Videos Available! (p. 5)

1-877-862-1097

NEED TO CUSTOMIZE? Go to MemoriaPress.com or call 1-877-862-1097.

Classical Core Curriculum

17

LATIN

THROUGH A GLASS WINE-DARKLY

by Jon Christianson

ave you heard the one about the color blue?

The story goes that the Greeks had no word for the color. In Homer, things traditionally thought of as blue—the sea, the sky—go by gloomy words like "brazen" or "wine-dark." Trivial as it may seem, this is the fact that launched a thousand speculative ships towards dubious frontiers: This proves, some say, that the Greeks had no concept of blue, or stranger yet, that the Greeks could not see blue at all. Some scholars of yesteryear went so far as to suggest that having no word for blue causes an inability to perceive or process the color.

While variations of these claims have enjoyed the rounds as pop-science topics du jour, the reach of their conclusions far exceeds the clarity of their premises. How does language relate to perception and understanding, and can one language foster this relationship better than another? These considerations may dwell beyond the regular domain of the classroom Latinist, but the question underpins the goals of the entire discipline. A compelling case for the study of Latin in our century, beyond the prosaic benefits of a voluminous vocabulary and a leg up on the lexicons of medicine and law, is that Latin is a model for thinking and speaking that is more precise and less ambiguous than English. If an educator extols the merits of Latin on this basis—that Latin is a pathway to superior understanding—then it matters quite a lot what the Greeks thought about blue.

This is not a discourse on actual brain chemistry.

One cannot approach language's relationship to the brain (neurolinguistics) without trespassing on hotly contested ground. Theories and experiments abound

H

Jon Christianson is the Latin director and editor at Memoria Press. He teaches Latin for the Memoria Press Online Academy and has taught Latin and classical literature at Highlands Latin School.

18

Through a Glass Wine-Darkly

on the subject, of which only the most extreme variations—such as the aforesaid Greek being literally colorblind to blue—have been roundly discarded.

Discussion of the brain-language relationship, therefore, is essentially futile outside the laboratory.

Psycholinguistics, however, refers to language's relationship to the mind, a distinction that permits us to explore it. While still germane to the brain, we can talk about the psychology of language according to the mental models we develop through learning and practice. The intellect sorts perceived realities according to a mental architecture built out of symbolic systems that permit one to know more than one perceives. These symbolic systems are the bridge between perception and understanding.

Mathematics is an especially illustrative symbolic system of this kind. Our neural apparatus for perceiving number is actually quite weak; try to mentally picture exactly one thousand balloons. Mathematics is a system we have devised to render large and complex numerical realities into comprehensible symbols. "1,000" is a quality one can understand quite easily, and one can apply it to those balloons even as one's natural enumerating faculties fail. That, in a word, is language; whereas, however, the quantitative symbolic systems of mathematics are largely universal, the qualitative symbolic systems of language vary demonstrably and to great degree. In assessing the differences between each language, we can approach how Greek and English handle the color blue, and how English and Latin compare as models for thought.

We can compare languages by the definition and use of words (semantics) and the structure and use of grammar (syntax). Of the former, no semantic study has been examined more extensively than color. English vocabulary has a huge spectrum of color words, from the essentials like "red" to tiny subgroups of red like MemoriaPress.com

"scarlet" and "vermilion." This variety affords English greater precision; an English speaker hears "vermilion" and can reliably ascertain from it a very specific color. In contrast, Greek color words are fairly few and therefore must cover much larger swaths of the spectrum. The range of hues we describe as blue fall somewhere between the Greek words glaukos, meaning "green" or "gray" or even "bright," and kuanos, meaning "dark" or "murky," from which we derive "cyan." A Greek speaker hears glaukos but cannot reliably deduce from the word as specific a color as in English.

Greek can fill the gaps with oblique metaphorical language, such as using words that describe a blue thing as a word for blue itself. Every language engages in this sort of metaphorical language, including English. However, while English uses such metaphors to expand a color vocabulary of extraordinary range and character—violet, ochre, salmon, saffron—Greek's metaphorical vocabulary of this kind still results in a far scantier, and thus less descriptive, color lexicon than English. This certainly doesn't make the color blue incomprehensible to a Greek speaker, but with Greek as one's basis for mental models of color, the discrete quality of blue is lost beneath the murk and glare of less descriptive or distinct terminology.

Just as one can compare the semantic merits of Greek and English, it is in considering the syntax of English and Latin that the excellence of the latter shines. For example, Latin is an inflected language, such that the verbal qualities of person, number, tense, voice, and mood are always implicitly present in the formation of each verb. The Latin word do, which we translate as "I give," is unambiguously first person singular present active indicative; unlike the English "I give," whose verbal qualities are clear only so long as the context is clear, every verbal quality available in Latin is discretely present in do, just as it is in the more complex dabamini 1-877-862-1097

or dedissemus. This precision of Latin verb inflection facilitates thought and speech that describe actions and their relationship to each other with an intrinsic accuracy that English can only do extrinsically.

What makes Latin not merely different from but better than English in this regard is this ergonomic quality, this suitability to convey ideas correctly and consistently. The Latin tense structure suits the language to express tense relationships in a complex way. Latin verbs correlate in form to each other in time (past, present, or future) and aspect (incomplete or complete). Latin verbs have common stems indicating incompleteness (dat, dabat, dabit) and completeness (dedit, dederat, dederit), as well as common forms between tenses that correlate to each other across the present (est and datus est), past (erat and datus erat), and future (erit and datus erit). English can translate all of these verbs, but there are no such indicators of these relationships; "he gives" and "he gave" do not have any common forms with "he was giving" and "he had given" to correlate them with each other. English describes the same actions, but without the correlation across time and aspect.

Language does not shape our perception, but our understanding. The Greek and the Englishman may both look upon the same sea and perceive the same colors, but while the Englishman would understand the color to be its own separate category of color, the Greek would understand the color in relation to some color for which he has a category—perhaps a Homeric wine-dark. Just so, Latin provides various models of understanding that exceed those of English in clarity, order, and precision. Each language has its own traits that suit it for certain intellectual functions; English itself has its own excellences that exceed Greek and even Latin. However, those functions at which Latin excels are of great benefit to the classical student who seeks precise understanding of complicated truths.

Through a Glass Wine-Darkly

19

Classical Education Resources

Mere Christianity

by C. S. Lewis $15.99

The Great Divorce

by C. S. Lewis $14.99

Climbing Parnassus:

by C. S. Lewis $14.99

$15.00

$12.99

$17.95

Simply Classical:

Fundamentals of the Faith

Why Knowledge Matters:

A Beautiful Education for Any Child

by Cheryl Swope

by C. S. Lewis $13.99

by Peter Kreeft $16.95

From Achilles to Christ: Early Christian Writings Why Christians Should Read the Pagan Classics

by Louis Markos $26.00

The Abolition of Man

The Schools We Need:

by Tracy Lee Simmons

$24.95

The Screwtape Letters

Orthodoxy

by G. K. Chesterton Introduction by Martin Cothran

A New Apologia for Greek and Latin

The Great Books:

A Journey Through 2,500 Years of the West's Classic Literature

by Anthony O'Hear $22.00

by Andrew Louth and Maxwell Staniforth $15.00

Medieval Literacy

A Compendium of Medieval Knowledge with the Guidance of C. S. Lewis

by James Grote

And Why We Don't Have Them

by E. D. Hirsch, Jr.

Rescuing Our Children from Failed Educational Theories E. D. Hirsch, Jr. $31.00

Seven Myths About Education Daisy Christodoulou $42.95

The Well-Trained Mind:

A Guide to Classical Education at Home, 4th Edition

by Susan Wise Bauer & Jessie Wise $39.95

$29.95

A Preface to Paradise Lost

by C. S. Lewis $37.95

The Great Tradition:

Classic Readings on What It Means to Be an Educated Human Being edited by Richard M. Gamble

Why Freshmen Fail and how to avoid it!

by Carol Reynolds, Ph.D. $21.95

The Well-Educated Mind: A Guide to the Classical Education You Never Had

by Susan Wise Bauer $35.00

$20.00

20

MemoriaPress.com

Latin Prima Latina An Introduction to Christian Latin

Prima Latina is a gentle introduction to Latin specifically designed for students and teachers with no Latin background. It teaches the basic parts of speech while introducing Latin, grounding students in the fundamental concepts of English grammar. Prima Latina transitions seamlessly into Latina Christiana.

by Leigh Lowe | Grades 1-4

$90.90 complete set (student, teacher, CD, videos, flashcards)

$34.95 basic set (student, teacher, CD)

Student $15.00 Teacher $15.00 CD $8.95 Videos $45.00 Flashcards $14.95

Each lesson of the Student Workbook includes five Latin vocabulary words and English derivatives, a Latin saying, a Latin prayer, and grammar exercises.

The Teacher Guide has a full answer key and unit tests.

The Pronunciation CD has a complete recitation of the Latin prayers and vocabulary as well as four songs from Lingua Angelica. About half the vocabulary of Latina Christiana is introduced in Prima Latina, so the Latina Christiana Flashcards are used for both programs. If you are looking for additional support in teaching your student, the author, Leigh Lowe, has recorded detailed Instructional Videos for every lesson that are sure to delight your young students!

Latina Christiana

We highly recommend Latina Christiana Review Worksheets (p. 25) as a companion to this program.

An Introduction to First Form Latin

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 3-6

$98.90 complete set

(student, teacher, CD, videos, flashcards)

$41.95 basic set (student, teacher, CD)

Student $16.00 | Teacher $20.00 | CD $8.95 Videos $55.00 | Flashcards $14.95

Begin your Latin study here or continue on from Prima Latina. Each lesson consists of a grammar form, ten vocabulary words, English derivatives to help build vocabulary, and a Latin saying that teaches students about their Christian and classical heritage.

The Teacher Manual includes a complete copy of the student book with overlaid answers, and provides detailed weekly lesson plans, comprehensive teaching instructions, tests, and weekly quizzes and keys.

1-877-862-1097

Move straight to First Form Latin after Latina Christiana

Heading Goes Here

21

Latin Forms Series

A grammar-based approach to learning Latin.

The Latin Forms Series is based on decades of teaching experience and use in private schools and homeschools around the world. First Form is the ideal text for all beginners, grades 5 and up, or is a great follow-up to Latina Christiana. The uniqueness of the Forms Series lies in two features: 1) A systematic, grammar-first approach to learning Latin that is suitable for the grammar stage student— and all beginners, regardless of age, are in the grammar stage of learning.

2) Extensive workbook exercises that ensure skill mastery and rapid recognition of inflected forms.

Our text and guides help every student (and teacher!) make sense of this difficult subject. The complete set includes: •

•

The Pronunciation CD and Flashcards provide constant practice of grammar forms and vocabulary.

•

The scripted Teacher Manual and complete Teacher Key give even the most novice Latin teacher the tools to teach with confidence.

•

22

34 two-page lessons in the Student Text are paired with 4-6 pages of Student Workbook exercises, weekly Quizzes, and unit Tests to make sure your students are mastering and retaining what they learn.

Instructional Videos in DVD or streaming format are also available, to bring the experience and expertise of a Highlands Latin School master teacher into your home.

Heading Goes Here

Latin

Latin Forms Series $125 complete set ea. (all 5 books, CD, videos, flashcards)

$65 basic set ea. (all 5 books + CD)

Text $13.50 ea.

Workbook $15.00 ea.

Teacher Manual $12.00 ea.

Teacher Key $14.95 ea.

Quizzes & Tests $5.00 ea.

CD $8.95 ea.

Flashcards $14.95 ea.

Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $55.00 ea.

MemoriaPress.com

Second Form Latin Latin Grammar, Year Two

Third Form Latin Latin Grammar, Year Three

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 6+

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 7+

Henle Latin First Year (p. 26) is a required supplement for Fourth Form Latin.

First Form Latin Latin Grammar, Year One

by Cheryl Lowe Grades 5+ (Grades 4+ if completed Latina Christiana)

$125 complete set

(all 5 books, CD, videos, flashcards)

Fourth Form Latin Latin Grammar, Year Four

$150 Complete Set with Henle

by Cheryl Lowe & Michael Simpson Grades 8+

1-877-862-1097

Latin

23

Latin Supplements First & Second Form Latin Review Summer Review Course

Enrichment activities to help students master Latina Christiana vocabulary and grammar.

Latina Christiana Games & Puzzles Grades 3-6 Games & Puzzles $12.00 Games & Puzzles Answer Key $4.95

by Cheryl Lowe Grades 5+ Student $12.95 ea.

Answer Key $9.95 ea.

Students are prone to forget what they have learned from year to year—an especially detrimental loss for the Latin student. To prevent this, Memoria Press has developed these summer courses that feature vocabulary review, form drills, and other exercises, all designed to foster mastery and retention.

Latin Cursive Copybook Hymns & Prayers Grades 4-6 $14.95 Practice your cursive with Latin sayings and hymns and prayers from Latina Christiana, First Form Latin, and Lingua Angelica.

Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage

by Cheryl Lowe All Ages $14.95 A compendium of Latin grammar forms and a basic introduction to Latin syntax. Includes all conjugations and declensions, making it an easily accessible reference.

Lingua Angelica I & II Latin Songs & Prayers (Translation Course)

by Cheryl Lowe

$39.95 set ea.

(Lingua Angelica I or II student & teacher, song book, & CD)

Student $11.95 ea.

Teacher $16.95 ea.

Song Book* $9.95 Music CD* $11.95 *Used for both LA I and II

Latin Recitation CD/DVD Grades 3+

CD & DVD $14.95 The entire Latin grammar, presented

by Cheryl Lowe.

CD is audio only; DVD includes visual grammar charts.

24

Latin

Vocabulary work, interlinear translation exercises, and grammar word study exercises for 28 hymns sung by a six-voice Gregorian chant choir.

Prima Latina Copybook New American Cursive font Grades 1-4 $14.95 This Latin copybook in the New American Cursive font, featuring vocabulary practice and a page to copy each prayer in Prima Latina, is a great way to help your children practice their Latin while developing penmanship skills.

MemoriaPress.com

Latina Christiana Review Worksheets

To be used alongside Latina Christiana.

Grades 3-6 Review Worksheets $9.95 Review Worksheets Key$5.00

Latin Supplements Roots of English Latin & Greek Roots for Beginners

by Paul O'Brien Grades 6-8 $19.95 An introduction to English vocabulary through a study of Latin and Greek roots.

The Book of Roots Advanced Vocabulary Building from Latin Roots

by Paul O'Brien Grades 8+ Student $24.95 Key $1.95 These supplemental review worksheets include two pages of cumulative review for every lesson of Latina Christiana, ensuring your students get weekly reinforcement of concepts both old and new. The Key contains answers for the worksheets as well as a "Latin Olympics" review game.

Latin Forms Series Grammar Charts

Your student will learn the definition and etymology of over 1,500 English derivatives, along with prefixes, suffixes, and supplemental Latin vocabulary lists.

Lingua Biblica: Old Testament Stories in Latin

by Martin Cothran Grades 9+ Student $19.95 Teacher $19.95

Wall Charts (33" x 17")

Desk Charts (8.5" x 11")

First Form (4 charts) $20.00

First & Second Form (6 charts) $12.95

Second Form (3 charts) $20.00

Third & Fourth Form (20 charts) $15.95

Translation exercises from the Latin Vulgate. Each lesson includes exercises at three levels of difficulty.

Latina Christiana Grammar Charts Wall Charts (left) (33" x 17") (4 charts total) $20.00

Desk Charts (right) (8.5" x 11") (4 charts total) $12.95

1-877-862-1097

Find samples and full product descriptions at MemoriaPress.com!

Latin

25

Henle Latin First Year Advanced Christian Latin

by Robert Henle | Grades 8+

Latin Henle Latin First Year Advanced Christian Latin

by Robert Henle

Henle Latin First Year Teacher Manual: Units I-V $19.95 Henle Latin First Year Teacher Manual: Units VI-XIV $19.95 Henle Latin First Year Units I-V Quizzes & Tests $9.95 Henle Latin First Year Units VI-XIV Quizzes & Tests $9.95

Grades 8+

$47 text set Text $18.50 | Key $5.50 Grammar $11.50 Flashcards $16.95

Henle Latin Second Year Advanced Christian Latin

by Robert Henle Grades 9+

$58 set

Text $18.50 Key $5.50 Lesson Plans $14.95 Quizzes & Tests $9.95 Flashcards $14.95

Henle Latin Third Year Originally published in 1945, the Henle Latin Series teaches Latin the traditional way. Our Teacher Manuals split the work of Henle Latin First Year over two years, scheduling what to do every step of the way. The Manuals include scripted lessons for the teacher, additional explanations and practice for the student, and a full answer key. The Quizzes & Tests help you measure your mastery along the way.

Advanced Christian Latin

by Robert Henle Grades 10+

$35 set Text $18.50 Note: Though Henle is considered a Catholic text, its superiority as a teaching resource and the outstanding benefits of its Christian perspective also make it appropriate for Protestants.

Key $5.50 Flashcards $14.95

Henle Latin Fourth Year Advanced Christian Latin

by Robert Henle Grades 11+

$22 set Text $18.50 Key $5.50

Latin Grammar Recitation Program Grades 4+

$24.90 set (flashcards and handbook) Flashcards for every grammar form taught and recited in our Latin Forms Series and a handbook with a lesson-by-lesson schedule for coordinating with the recitations in First Form through Fourth Form.

26

Latin

Memoria Press Guides to the National Latin Exam

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 5+ Intro. $9.95 | Level I $14.95 | Level II $19.95 These guides include the vocabulary, grammar, syntax, Roman history, culture, mythology, and geography commonly found on the National Latin Exam. When paired with previous exams, these guides are perfect preparation for the NLE.

Henle Latin Vocabulary Flashcards Grades 8+ Henle Latin First Year Flashcards $16.95 Henle Latin Second Year Flashcards $14.95 Henle Latin Third Year Flashcards $14.95

MemoriaPress.com

AP Latin

Mueller's Caesar:

Vergil's Aeneid: Selected Readings from Books 1, 2, 4, and 6

Selections from De Bello Gallico

by Barbara Weiden Boyd

by Hans-Friedrich Mueller

Student $43.00

Grades 10+

Teacher $24.00 This course covers all lines of Vergil on the AP Latin Exam. Each page contains the Latin text, key vocabulary, and English summaries.

Excelability in Advanced Latin

by Marianthe Colakis Student $29.00

$76 set (text, teacher, print lesson plans)

Text $43.00 Teacher $24.00 Lesson Plans $14.95

Teacher $29.00 This course contains over 75 passages drawn from a variety of Latin authors, translation exercises, multiple choice tests, practice sight-reading Latin, and a comprehensive review of Latin grammar.

Caesar and Vergil AP Vocabulary Cards $19.00

Mueller's text and accompanying Teacher's Guide will lead students through Caesar's account of his wars in Gaul. A perfect text for Latin students who are ready to translate, this program includes vocabulary, footnotes, historical background, and other resources, preparing interested students for the Caesar portion of the AP Latin Exam. Memoria Press' Lesson Plans schedule the work and teach, step by step, how to approach Latin translation.

All vocabulary appearing five or more times on the Vergil and Caesar sections of the AP Latin Exam.

French First Start French I Introduction to the French Language

First Start French II Introduction to the French Language

by Danielle Schultz

by Danielle Schultz

Grades 5-8

Grades 5-8

$43.95 set

$43.95 set

(student, teacher, CD)

(student, teacher, CD)

Student $17.50

Student $17.50

Teacher $17.50

Teacher $17.50

CD $8.95

CD $8.95

1-877-862-1097

AP Latin & French

27

Greek

The Greek Alphabet

by Cheryl Lowe | Grades 3+

$25 set (student and key) Student $15.00 | Key $15.00 Master the Greek alphabet, letter by letter, before tackling First Form Greek.

Elementary Greek

by Christine Gatchell An introduction to Greek grammar for younger students.

Grades 4-8

Greek Alphabet Charts Wall Charts (left) 22" x 34" (2 charts) $12.95 | Desk Charts (right) 8.5" x 11" (2 charts) $8.95 Chart 1: the Greek alphabet Chart 2: diphthongs, accent marks, pronunciation helps, and syllable names

$65 Year Two set (text, workbook, CD, flashcards, tests, teacher key)

Year II Text $13.50 | Year II Workbook $15.00 Year II Tests $5.00 | Year II Teacher Key $14.95 CD $8.95 | Flashcards $12.95

$65 Year One set (shown right)

$55 Year Three set

(text, workbook, CD, flashcards, tests, teacher key)

(text, workbook, CD, flashcards, tests)

Year I Text $13.50 | Year I Workbook $15.00 Year I Tests $5.00 | Year I Teacher Key $14.95 CD $8.95 | Flashcards $12.95

Year III Text $18.95 | Year III Workbook $15.00 Year III Tests $5.00 | CD $8.95 Flashcards $12.95

Experts in Online Education Since 2006

LIVE COURSES FOR GRADES 3-12 Latin | Greek | Logic | Rhetoric | Classical Christian | Literature | Writing | Math | Science Modern History | Government | Economics

REGISTER FOR 2021-2022 CLASSES TODAY!

MemoriaPressAcademy.com

First Form Greek Introduction to Hellenistic Greek

by Cheryl Lowe & Michael Simpson Grades 7+

$125 complete set (all 5 books, CD, videos, flashcards) $65 basic set (all 5 books + CD) Text $13.50 | Workbook $15.00 | Teacher Manual $12.00 Teacher Key $14.95 | Quizzes & Tests $5.00 CD $8.95 | Flashcards $14.95 Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $55.00

First Form Greek is written for parents and teachers with or without a Greek background. Its goal is to present the grammar logically and systematically so that anyone can learn it.

· 6 pages of exercise in the Student Workbook give you ample practice for the 31 two-page lessons of the Student Text. · Weekly, reproducible Quizzes & Tests ensure the material is being mastered. · The Pronunciation CD and Flashcards provide constant practice of grammar forms and vocabulary.

Teacher Manual and complete Teacher Key equip both the brand new and the veteran Greek instructor with everything needed to teach, · The including day-by-day lesson plans, oral drills, additional notes, and an answer key for all exercises and quizzes. · Instructional Videos (DVDs or streaming) are also available, with superb 10-20 minute lessons given by Highlands Latin School teacher Elizabeth Pierce.

First Form Greek has the same logical structure and helpful teaching tools of the Latin Forms Series, making even novice Greek teachers feel confident that they can guide students through this challenging material.

–Kristin Walukas

Second Form Greek An Introduction to Hellenistic Greek

by Mitchell L. Holley

NEW

Grades 8+

$65 basic set (all 5 books + CD)

Text $13.50 | Workbook $15.00 Teacher Manual $12.00 Teacher Key $14.95 Quizzes & Tests $5.00 CD $8.95 | Flashcards $14.95 Instructional Videos: Coming Soon!

Second Form Greek is the second year of our three-part Greek Forms Series.

Continue your systematic study of Greek grammar with our clear, concise Student Text and ample practice exercises in the Student Workbook, including substantial translation exercises. Weekly Quizzes & Tests ensure retention of the material, and the Teacher Manual and Teacher Key provide lesson plans, additional notes, and a comprehensive answer key. The Pronunciation CD and Flashcards allow students to practice quick recall for mastery.

Composition Bible Heroes: Writing Lessons in Structure and Style

Classical Composition

Grades 1-2

$85 Set ea. (student, teacher, videos)

$29.00 Get to know the heroes of the Bible while working through writing exercises that include key word outlining, paraphrasing, and summarizing stories. Teacher's Manual eBook is included.

All Things Fun & Fascinating: Writing Lessons in Structure & Style Grades 3-5 $29.00 Humorous characters and fascinating creatures will help young students enjoy learning to take notes, summarize narrative stories, write from pictures, and compose creative essays. Teacher's Manual eBook is included.

by James A. Selby | Grades 4-12 Student $19.95 ea. | Teacher $29.95 ea.

Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $45.00 ea. (available for I-VIII) Classical Composition is our study in the progymnasmata ("the before exercises"), a combination writing and prerhetoric program that teaches students the fundamental writing skills of style, arrangement, and invention in clear and systematic lessons. The nine stages of Classical Composition will not only teach the art of communication, but are designed to produce what Quintilian once called "the good man, speaking well."

The structured lessons in the Student Guides help students become confident writers as they thoroughly master the incremental skills of each stage. The Teacher Guides provide sample answers for every exercise as well as scripted Chalk Talk.

Optional Instructional Videos are also available if you'd like the support of a master teacher to help guide you and your students through the lessons.

CLASSICAL COMPOSITION STAGES: I: II: III: IV: V:

Fable (pictured) Narrative Chreia & Maxim Refutation & Confirmation Common Topic

Grades 3-4 This introductory program focuses on narration, outlining, dictation, and copywork to help students become more proficient in listening and writing skills, a great preparation for Classical Composition. This yearlong writing course uses focus passages from Charlotte's Web, Farmer Boy, A Bear Called Paddington, Mr. Popper's Penguins, and The Moffats.

Encomium, Invective, & Comparison VII: Characterization (1 semester) VIII: Description (1 semester) IX: Thesis & Law

Grammar

Introduction to Composition Student $10.00 | Key $10.00

VI:

English Grammar Practice Grade 2 Student $7.95 | Teacher $10.00 Designed for the final year of primary school, this program is an oral practice of many basic aspects of language arts, from capitalization and punctuation to language and reading skills.

English Grammar Recitation I-V Grades 3-8 English Grammar Recitation $9.95 | Flashcards $12.95 Student $11.95 ea. | Teacher $12.95 ea.

Memoria Press' English Grammar Recitation is perfect for the student who needs an English grammar program that coordinates with his study of Latin, from Latina Christiana through the Latin Forms Series. 150 grammar questions with answers and examples, designed to be studied and memorized much like a catechism, are compiled in the English Grammar Recitation reference book. These questions are learned over the course of six years in just thirty minutes a week, and students are given practice in exercises in the Student Workbook, and opportunity to practice immediate recall with the Flashcards. The Teacher Guide provides answers to all exercises.

30

Composition & Grammar

MemoriaPress.com

Math Rod & Staff Arithmetic Rod & Staff Math books teach your student number facts and arithmetic skills to mastery using clear, uncluttered lessons and plenty of drill practice.

Grade 1 Arithmetic (3rd Ed.) Student Part 1 $6.95 | Student Part 2 $6.95 Practice Sheets $16.50 Teacher Manual $20.95 Speed Drills $4.90

Grade 4 Arithmetic

Grade 2 Arithmetic (3rd Ed.) Student Unit 1 $6.95 | Student Unit 2 $6.95 Student Unit 3 $6.95 | Student Unit 4 $6.95 Practice Sheets 1 $7.95 | Practice Sheets 2 $7.95 Supplemental Pack $1.75 | Teacher Manual, Units 1-2 $12.75 Teacher Manual, Units 3-4 $12.75

Grade 5 Arithmetic

Grade 3 Arithmetic

Grade 6 Mathematics

Student Book (with Supplemental Worksheets) $14.95 Teacher Manual (includes Worksheets Key) $15.95 Blacklines $4.50 Speed Drills $4.90

Student $14.95 Teacher Manual Part 1 $11.95 Teacher Manual Part 2 $11.95 Tests $2.25 | Quizzes and Speed Tests $4.50

Student $14.95 | Speed Drill Packet $9.50 Teacher Manual Part 1 $11.95 Teacher Manual Part 2 $11.95 Tests $2.25 | Speed Drills $4.90

Student $14.95 Teacher Manual Part 1 $11.95 Teacher Manual Part 2 $11.95 Tests $2.25 | Speed Drills $4.90

College of the Redwoods Prealgebra Grades 7-8

Numbers Book Part One & Part Two

by Leigh Lowe

$30 set

(2-book set)

Recommended for Kindergarten

Arithmetic Flashcards

Multiplication Flashcards

Addition & Subtraction, 0 to 18

0 to 18

0 to 18

(6" x 4") $9.95

(6" x 4") $9.95

(6" x 4") | $9.95

Division Flashcards NEW

VideoText Algebra: A Complete Course

Textbook $20.00 Solutions Manual $20.00 Quizzes & Tests $9.95 Quizzes & Tests Answer Key $5.00

Grades 9-12

Memoria Math Challenge

Complete Set $399

Levels A-C | Grades K-2

(online course + books for modules A-F)

Student $15.00

Year One Set $235

Teacher $5.00

(online course + books for modules A-C)

Year Two Set $235 (online course + books for modules D-F)

VideoText Math takes students on a complete journey through algebra using mastery-review techniques to fully explore the language of mathematics and algebraic relations. Students watch a ten-minute video that develops each lesson's concept while they follow along with their Course Notes, and then complete the exercises in the WorkText. Progress Tests help gauge student mastery throughout the year, with multiple forms of each quiz and test available if your student needs a little extra practice. The Instructor's Guide provides step-by-step instructions for solving the problems on each test, while the Solutions Manual does the same for the WorkText. A toll-free helpline is also available, giving you access to knowledgeable help if you need it.

Our goal for math in the primary grades is the NEW mastery of basic facts. One of the most effective ways to help students achieve mastery is simply to practice. With daily timed drills, Memoria Math Challenge is designed to give students that math practice and also to help the teacher measure students' immediate recall. We start with addition, subtraction, and number dictation in kindergarten, and ramp up to 200 daily problems by the end of first grade.

If students are able to master their math facts in the primary years, they can devote more time to complex math operations in grammar school and upper school.

Geometry course also available!

1-877-862-1097

Math

31

LOGIC

HOW TO ARGUE

by Martin Cothran

hen I worked in public policy many years ago, one of my jobs was to take long policy papers from think tanks and reduce them down to one or two pages for state lawmakers. I also wrote the scripts for a popular radio show called "Point/Counterpoint" on a very large network in which two people made their case for and against some question and then rebutted each other―all in ninety seconds.

In the course of doing these things I developed my own format wherein I wrote a brief introduction to the issue, stated the facts about the issue, formulated what the issue really was, gave the argument for my own position on the issue, refuted the common arguments against my position, and then stated a conclusion.

I thought my format was quite clever and took comfort in how smart I was to have invented it. Only later did I realize that, as it turns out, Cicero had come up with this format about two thousand years before the thought had occurred to me.

Cicero laid out a six-part arrangement1 for an argumentative essay. Arrangement (dispositio or taxis) is the term we use for how one orders a speech or an essay. In ancient rhetoric, arrangement referred solely to the order to be observed in an oration, but the term has broadened to include all considerations of the ordering of discourse, especially on a large scale.

In addition, Cicero aligned certain rhetorical appeals articulated centuries earlier by Aristotle with specific parts of the oration. In the introduction, it is necessary for one to establish his or her own

W

Martin Cothran is the editor of The Classical Teacher and author of Traditional Logic Books I & II, Material Logic, and Classical Rhetoric.

[1] Definitions of Cicero's terms have been adapted from rhetoric.byu.edu.

32

How to Argue

authority. Therefore, here one employs ethical appeals (ethos). In the next four parts of the oration— statement of facts, division, proof, and refutation— one chiefly employs logical arguments (logos). In the conclusion, one finishes up by employing emotional appeals (pathos).

It is in the first part, the Introduction of a speech (exordium), where one announces the subject and purpose of the discourse, and where one usually employs the persuasive appeal of ethos in order to establish credibility with the audience.

Ethos names the persuasive appeal of one's character, especially how this character is established by means of the speech or discourse. Aristotle claimed that one needs to appear both knowledgeable about one's subject and benevolent. Are you able to communicate with your audience that you know what you are talking about, and that you are honest? For example, Socrates, in his defense of charges of atheism and corrupting the youth of Athens, opened by humbly admitting he had never argued a case in court, and that the wisdom attributed to him by the Oracle at Delphi was only his own realization that he was not wise (and in knowing his own lack of wisdom, proving it).

In the Statement of Facts (narratio) the speaker provides a narrative account of what has happened and generally explains the nature of the case.

In Division (partitio), the speaker outlines what will follow, in accordance with what has been stated as the stasis. Stasis is both the procedure within rhetorical invention by which one asks certain questions in order to arrive at the point at issue in the debate, and the point at issue in the debate itself.

Four such basic kinds of conflict were categorized by the Greeks and Romans: conjectural, definitional, qualitative, and translative.

MemoriaPress.com

QUESTIONS TO FIND STASIS

KIND OF QUESTION

KIND OF STASIS

Did he do it?

of Fact

Conjectural Stasis

THE OUTLINE OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE PAPER

Introduction: Statement of Facts:

What did he do?

of Definition

Definitional Stasis

Division: Proof: 1.

Was it just/ expedient?

Is this the right venue for this issue?

of Quality

Qualitative Stasis

3.

Refutation:

of Jurisdiction

Translative Stasis

The Proof (confirmatio) is the main body of the speech where one offers logical arguments. The appeal through logos is emphasized here.

Logos names the appeal to reason. It is accomplished in rhetoric through the use of argument, which involves giving the reasons for your conclusion, and example, in which you offer analogies or anecdotes that allow your audience to see why you are right.

Logos was famously practiced by Odysseus in arguing with Achilles in the Iliad that he should come back to the battle in order to preserve his honor.

Refutation (refutatio), as the name connotes, is the section of a speech devoted to answering the counterarguments of one's opponent. Logos is again emphasized here, but used now to show not how your argument is right, but how the contradictory argument of the person who would disagree with you is not rational.

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2.

Conclusion:

The Conclusion (peroratio) usually sums up the case made in the entire speech, and makes it appeal through pathos.

Pathos names the appeal to emotion. This involves putting your audience in the right frame of mind, thereby making your hearers want to believe you. This is done by knowing the states of mind in which certain emotions are felt, the people by whom they are felt, and the grounds on which they are felt. In Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, the president appealed to the honor of those who had died in that great Civil War battle to enroll his audience's emotions in his cause.

Once I realized that it was not I but Cicero who thought up this format, I was able to gain a deeper understanding of why I was doing what I was doing, and in consequence, was able to argue better.

How to Argue

33

Classical Rhetoric Aristotle's Principles of Persuasion

by Martin Cothran | Grades 9+

$145 complete set (basic set + How to Read a Book & Figures of Speech)

$94.95 basic set (student, key, DVDs, Aristotle's Rhetoric)

Student $39.95 Key $4.95 DVDs $55.00 Aristotle's Rhetoric $5.00 How to Read a Book $18.00 Figures of Speech $44.95

Classical Rhetoric is a guided tour through the first part of the single greatest book on communication ever written: Aristotle's Rhetoric. This course involves a study of the fundamental principles of political philosophy, ethics, and traditional psychology. Your student will not only learn the basics of political speech, but also the elements of good character; not only how to give a legal speech, but also the seven reasons people act; not only how to give a ceremonial speech, but also what elicits specific emotions under particular circumstances and why.

34

Logic

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Logic & Rhetoric Material Logic A Course in How to Think

by Martin Cothran Grades 9+

$76.95 complete set (student, key, videos)

$31.90 basic set (student, key) Student $29.95 | Key $1.95 | Videos $55.00 Material Logic is a course in how to think. It covers the branch of logic called "informal logic" that deals with the content of argumentation. It can be used as a followup to Traditional Logic or simply as an introduction to the rudiments of classical philosophy for high school students. The program covers the ten ways something can exist, the fives ways of saying something about something else, definition, and division.

Traditional Logic I (Introduction to Formal Logic) & Traditional Logic II (Advanced Formal Logic)

by Martin Cothran | Grades 7+

$75 complete set ea. (text, workbook, key, videos, quizzes) $38 basic set ea. (text, workbook, key, quizzes) Text $14.00 ea. | Workbook $15.95 ea. | Key $9.95 ea.

Videos $55.00 ea. | Quizzes $5.00 ea.

Traditional Logic I and II cover the branch of logic called "formal logic," which is concerned with the form and structure of reasoning. It focuses on the procedural aspect of reasoning, its mechanics, how we properly get from two premises or assumptions to a conclusion. The program is designed to teach students a practical mastery of the art of argument.

Find samples and full product descriptions at MemoriaPress.com!

Traditional Logic I presents the four kinds of logical statements, the four ways propositions can be opposed, the three ways which they can be equivalent, and the seven rules for the validity of syllogisms. In Traditional Logic II students will master the use of the nineteen valid categorical argument forms through the memorization of a medieval mnemonic device, and learn the three kinds of hypothetical arguments.

Students will study examples of arguments from history and literature.

Used Traditional Logic with my high schooler to prepare him for college … he loved it and it has been wonderful for him to have under his belt BEFORE college. MP is the best out there.

The Texts explain challenging concepts in clear, concise language. The accompanying Student Workbooks include enough exercises to ensure that the student masters the material before moving on. The Teacher Keys include answers to the workbooks, quizzes, and tests. Instructional Videos are also available if you would like a little help from the author teaching the material.

Logic Supplements

— M.A.

Rhetoric Supplements

Handbook of Christian Apologetics: Hundreds of Answers to Crucial Questions

by Peter Kreeft & Ronald Tacelli $30.00 (optional supplement)

Aristotle's Rhetoric Socrates Meets Jesus: History's Greatest Questioner Confronts the Claims of Christ

by Peter Kreeft $20.00 (optional supplement)

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How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading

Figures of Speech: 60 Ways to Turn a Phrase

$5.00

by Mortimer Adler & Charles Van Doren

by Arthur Quinn

(REQUIRED supplement)

$18.00

(optional supplement)

translated by W. Rhys Roberts

$44.95

(optional supplement)

Logic & Rhetoric

35

WE

all want our children to become virtuous, so we naturally shop around for the schools and communities that have the best results. Upon inspection, however, we find that the graduating classes at even the best schools are not infallibly filled with saints. Parents eventually complain.

Teachers complain too. "Perhaps we should include more hard physical labor," one will say around the break room table.

"Perhaps we should devote more time to memorizing Scripture," another will muse. "If only we could balance all these elements into a perfect harmony with the right leadership, sufficient funding, and ample buildings," an enterprising third will wonder, "perhaps then we could finally teach virtue."

In the world of classical education, we have these kinds of conversations on a daily basis, but the classical tradition bears clear witness that virtue cannot—at least not straightforwardly—be taught. The standard classical answer goes like this: Virtue, by its very essence, requires the free cooperation of our will. There is no sequence of steps that the teacher can take that will guarantee that the student chooses virtue for himself. If there were, the virtue would no longer be virtue; it would be the mere programming of a computer or the conditioning of a pet. The virtue would not proceed from the student himself (a condition the medievals call "aseity" from the Latin a se, or "from oneself"). Instead, the student would be a mere instrument in the hands of the teacher, a mere extension of the teacher's own virtue.

Conceding all this, however, we may still observe that the same logic applies to nearly every other area in school. For a student to really understand mathematics he must grasp the notions of arithmetic and algebra for himself. This involves the student's freedom and he can always dig in his heels (as I am sure some of you are aware). We ordinarily think, however, that algebra can be taught.

36

Curing the Disease of the Soul

MemoriaPress.com

Why is it, then, that we do not have a virtue class in the same way that we have an algebra class? Furthermore, why do we have the sneaking suspicion that many of our teenagers would fail to become paragons of virtue by the end of the term even if we had such a course?

We can note right away the apparent failure of all such attempts in the past. Granting that there will always be a handful of recalcitrant or incapable students, we nevertheless have reliable methods for instilling the knowledge and skills of algebra in the minds of most students. We can see that these methods work because the history of algebra education includes: (1) the desire to teach algebra, (2) many attempts to teach algebra to a large number of students over a long period of time, and (3) the success of these attempts in the overwhelming majority of cases, allowing always for sheer inability in some and that pesky free will in all.

When we similarly survey the history of virtue education, however, we find parallels for the first two but not the third.

Parents have always been eager to instill virtue in their children, and many, many attempts have been made over thousands of years with an abundance of capable teachers—and yet, even in the most thoroughgoing of these attempts we do not see the kinds of consistent, widespread results that we see in the case of algebra.

To be sure, we see a few good men. We see a handful emerge from our schools with Fortitude and Temperance, Justice and Prudence. A few become true saints, radiating Faith, Hope, and Love. Would that I could say in truth "all," or even "most."

When these few reflect on their lives and give us autobiographical testimonies, they often credit their education, their teachers, and their parents. It would be a drastic mistake, therefore, to think that our efforts to teach virtue have no effect or that it would be better just to give up.

Still, we must squarely confront the track record of our attempts at virtue education, whether they be Christian or pagan, classical or progressive, ancient or modern. The truth is that no one has invented a virtue factory that reliably cranks out nobility, and it is reasonable for us to doubt that anyone ever will.

Dr. Dan Sheffler is a professor of philosophy with Memoria College and has taught philosophy, logic, Latin, and history at the University of Kentucky, Georgetown College, and Asbury College.

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In the first place, virtue is not a kind of information to take in or even a kind of skill to master. Once the algebra teacher has transmitted certain facts and skills to the students, his job is done. Virtue, by contrast, refers to a student's fundamental character disposing him toward the Good. Certain pieces of information may be invaluable in the process of developing this character, such as a knowledge of the mechanisms behind temptation or the ability to define the word "prudence." This knowledge, however, does not by itself constitute virtue. Certain skills may also be taught that make virtue easier to acquire, such as the skills of reading literature, philosophy, and Scripture.

One can master all these skills, however, without becoming virtuous.

Even if the teacher is himself deeply virtuous (and many are not), there is no direct way for him to extract the character from his own chest so that he might drop it into the chests of his students. At best, he can mold what virtue they may have, inspire them onward, point them in the right direction, warn them of the dangers should they fail, open doors of opportunity, reward virtue when it appears, and make available all the ancillary knowledge and skill that support it. He can water and weed the little garden, but he possesses neither the initial seeds nor the power of their growth.

In the second place, we may observe something deep inside us that militates against virtue where there is no such antagonistic force in the case of algebra or other disciplines.

We carry about within us a disease of the soul that tends ever toward pride and pleasure, toward disorders of mind and emotion, toward greed, anger, lust, fear, arrogance, and malice. Virtue stands as a direct challenge to the empire of this disease and all its effects, while algebra challenges at most a little of our sloth, leaving the rest unchecked.

The core of virtue, then, involves a deeply interior war against these passions that requires a fundamental conversion of the soul toward the Good and a commitment to persist in this conversion in the face of future temptation. We call this conversion "repentance," and it comes by the grace of God. As teachers, we can hope to be channels of the grace of God into the lives of our students, but we would do better to pray for their conversion than complain to our fellows about their failures.

Curing the Disease of the Soul

37

Literature, Phonics, & Spelling

K

Alphabet Books; Alphabet Flashcards; Alphabet Coloring Book (p. 58); My Very Own Scissors Book (p. 57); Manuscript Charts (p. 63)

Core Skills Phonics K-1; Classical Phonics; First Start Reading A-D; 100 Days of Summer Reading I; Phonics Flashcards (pp. 58-59); Animal Alphabet Coloring Book; American Language Readers; Nature Reader K

1st

2nd

Traditional Spelling I (p. 59); StoryTime and More StoryTime Treasures Literature Sets (p. 66); 100 Days of Summer Reading II; First Start Reading Book E (p. 59)

Traditional Spelling II; 100 Days of Summer Reading III (p. 59); Second Grade Literature Set (p. 66)

Latin & Greek

Jr. K

Prayers for Children; Big Thoughts for Little People

The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment (p. 75)

The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment (p. 75)

The Story Bible; Christian Studies Enrichment (p. 75)

Numbers Books; Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1, Part 1 (p. 31)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 1, Part 2, Rod & Staff Arithmetic 2, Unit 1 (p. 31)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 2, Units 1-4 (p. 31)

Copybook I; Composition & Sketchbook I (p. 63)

Copybook II; Composition & Sketchbook II; New American Cursive 1; Penmanship Tablet; Alphabet Wall Poster; Cursive Practice Sheets; Summer Cursive (pp. 62-63)

Kindergarten Art Cards (p. 56); Kindergarten Enrichment; Book of Crafts, K; Music Enrichment (p. 57); Animals, Animals; A Child's Book of Poems

First Grade Art Cards (p. 56); First Grade Enrichment; First Grade Book of Crafts; Music Enrichment (p. 57); Animals, Animals; A Child's Book of Poems

Math

Classical & Christian

Prima Latina (p. 21)

The Alphabet Books and Numbers & Colors are used for Penmanship practice.

Book of Crafts, Jr. K (p. 57); Richard Scarry's Mother Goose; Hailstones and Halibut Bones

Modern Studies

Grammar & Logic

Science & Enrichment

Penmanship & Writing

Counting With Numbers; Numbers Coloring Book; Numbers & Colors (p. 58)

38

New American Cursive 2 (p. 62); Copybook Cursive I; Composition & Sketchbook II (p. 63); Prima Latina Copybook (p. 24); Penmanship Tablet

Second Grade Enrichment; Second Grade Book of Crafts; Music Enrichment (p. 57); Second Grade Art Cards (p. 56); Patterns of Nature; Animals, Animals; A Child's Book of Poems

English Grammar Practice (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 2

Kindergarten Enrichment is used for American/Modern Studies.

First Grade Enrichment is used for American/Modern Studies.

Stories of Great Americans for Little Americans (p. 42)

3rd

4th

5th

6th

Spelling Workout D; Third Grade Literature Set (p. 67); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 71)

Spelling Workout E; Fourth Grade Literature Set (p. 67); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 71)

Spelling Workout F; Fifth Grade Literature Set (p. 68); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 71)

Spelling Workout G; Sixth Grade Literature Set (p. 68); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 71)

Second Form Latin (p. 23)

Latina Christiana (p. 21); Latina Christiana: Games & Puzzles (p. 24)

First Form Latin (p. 23); Lingua Angelica I (p. 24)

D'Aulaires' Book of Greek Myths; Timeline Program (p. 48); Golden Children's Bible; Christian Studies I (p. 75)

Famous Men of Rome (p. 48); Golden Children's Bible; Christian Studies II (p. 75)

Famous Men of the Middle Ages (p. 48); Golden Children's Bible; Christian Studies III (p. 75)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 3 (p. 31)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 4 (p. 31)

Rod & Staff Arithmetic 5 (p. 31)

Rod & Staff Mathematics 6 (p. 31)

All Things Fun & Fascinating (p. 30); New American Cursive 3 (p. 62)

Classical Composition: Fable (p. 30); Copybook Cursive II (p. 63)

Classical Composition: Narrative (p. 30); Copybook Cursive III (p. 63)

Classical Composition: Chreia & Maxim (p. 30); Copybook Cursive IV (p. 63)

Mammals (p. 55)

Book of Astronomy (p. 54)

Book of Insects (p. 54)

The Book of Birds (p. 54); Exploring the History of Medicine (p. 55)

English Grammar Recitation II (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 5

English Grammar Recitation III (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 6

Geography I & United States Review (p. 43)

Geography II & Geography I Review (p. 43)

Core Skills Language Arts 3

English Grammar Recitation I (p. 30)

States & Capitals (p. 43)

Core Skills Language Arts 4

7th

8th

9th

10th

Spelling Workout H; Seventh Grade Literature Set (p. 68); Poetry for the Grammar Stage (p. 71)

Eighth Grade Literature Set (p. 68); Poetry & Short Stories (p. 71)

Ninth Grade Literature Set (p. 69); Poetry, Prose, & Drama Book I (p. 71); Book of the Middle Ages (p. 49)

Tenth Grade Literature Set (p. 69); Poetry & Prose Book II (p. 71)

Fourth Form Latin (p. 23); Henle I (p. 26); First Form Greek (p. 29) (optional)

Famous Men of Greece (p. 48); Horatius at the Bridge (p. 50); Christian Studies IV (p. 75)

Henle Latin II (p. 26); Latin Grammar for the Grammar Stage (p. 24)

Mueller's Caesar (De Bello Gallico) (p. 27)

Book of the Ancient World & Ancient Greeks (p. 49); Iliad & Odyssey (p. 51)

Book of the Ancient Romans (p. 49); Aeneid (p. 51); Story of Christianity (p. 76)

Greek Tragedies (p. 50); History of the Early Church (p. 76)

Prealgebra (p. 31)

VideoText Algebra, Year One (p. 31)

VideoText Algebra, Year Two (p. 31)

VideoText Geometry (p. 31)

Classical Composition: Refutation & Confirmation (p. 30)

Classical Composition: Common Topic (p. 30)

Classical Composition: Encomium, Invective, & Comparison (p. 30)

Classical Composition: Characterization and Description (p. 30)

Book of Trees (p. 54); Exploring the World of Biology (p. 55)

Physical Science (p. 55)

Modern Biology (p. 54)

Chemistry (p. 55)

English Grammar Recitation IV (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 7

English Grammar Recitation V (p. 30); Core Skills Language Arts 8

Traditional Logic I & II (p. 35)

Material Logic (p. 35)

200 Questions About American History; 13 Colonies (p. 42); Story of the World, Vol. 4

Geography III (p. 43)

Renaissance & Reformation Times (p. 49)

A History of Medieval Europe (p. 44)

$5 off any order: Use coupon code 21LATESUM5OFF!

Third Form Latin (p. 23); Greek Alphabet (p. 28)

40

PROJECTED SEQUENCE FOR 11TH AND 12TH GRADES

12th

JOIN OUR FREE FORUM!

The Divine Comedy (p. 51) Twelfth Grade Literature Set (p. 69); Poetry Book III (p. 71)

An online community connecting Memoria Press users

Henle Latin III (p. 26)

AP Vergil (p. 27)

The Republic and the Laws & On Obligations (p. 51); City of God (p. 76)

Christian Apologetics and Metaphysics

Precalculus

Calculus

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Classical Composition: Thesis & Law (p. 30)

To join or start a campus, request more information at HighlandsLatin.org!

Physics (p. 55)

Grammar, Logic, & Rhetoric

Science & Enrichment

Penmanship & Writing

Math

Classical & Christian

Latin & Greek

Literature, Phonics, & Spelling

11th

Anatomy (uses Modern Biology text)

Modern Studies

Classical Rhetoric (p. 34)

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A History of Europe in the Modern World, Volumes 1 & 2 (p. 44)

A Concise History of the American Republic (p. 44)

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American/Modern Studies The Story of the Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic $48 set (text, student, teacher) Grades 5-8

200 Questions About American History Grades 5-8 Student $9.95 | Teacher $5.00 | Flashcards $12.95 Compiled from The Story of the Thirteen Colonies & the Great Republic and The Story of the World, Vol. 4.

42

American/Modern Studies

Text $16.95 Student $17.95 | Teacher $17.95 We have combined Guerber's The Story of the Thirteen Colonies and The Story of the Great Republic into one edited volume that makes for a perfect one-year survey of American history in the middle school years. The guide includes important facts, vocabulary, and comprehension questions, as well as enrichment activities such as mapwork, drawings, research, writing assignments, and more!

Stories of Great Americans for Little Americans

by Edward Eggleston Grades 1-3 | $12.95

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Geography States & Capitals $35 set (text, student, teacher, flashcards)

Grades 3-6 Text $7.99 | Student $12.95 Teacher $12.95 Flashcards $5.95 By the end of this course students will be able to map all 50 states and capitals. We recommend that this guide be used with Don't Know Much About the 50 States.

Practice Map Pad: United States

Geography Flashcards

notepad of 50 two-sided sheets

for use with Geography I-III

(11" x 17") | $9.95

$19.95

Geography II: Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Oceania, & the Americas Grades 5+

$48 set (text, student, teacher + Geography I Review student & teacher)

Geography I: The Middle East, North Africa, & Europe Grades 4+

$65 set

Geography II Text $14.95 Geography II Student $12.95 Geography II Teacher $14.95 Geography I Review Student $5.00 Geography I Review Teacher $7.95

Students continue to deepen their understanding of past and present as they learn to map the rest of the countries and capitals not covered in Geography I. At the end of this course, students will have mapped the entire world.

(text, student, teacher, and flashcards + U.S. Review student and teacher)

Geography I Text $14.95 | Geography I Student $12.95

Geography III: Exploring & Mapping the World

Geography I Teacher $14.95 | U.S. Review Student $5.00 U.S. Review Teacher $7.95 | Geography Flashcards $19.95 A unique geography program designed for students pursuing a classical Christian education, this course covers the area that constituted the ancient Roman Empire and the geography relevant to the Bible. Each region is explored in its historical context, providing interesting and thought-provoking facts, but the main goal of this course is for students to learn to map the countries and their capitals.

Grades 7+

$76 set (text, student, teacher, classroom atlas, flashcards*)

This more advanced geography course solidifies the mapping skills learned in Geography I-II but adds a study of the landforms, topography, famous landmarks, climate, culture, and religion of each continent. This is a perfect prelude to high school history.

Text $16.95 | Student $17.95 Teacher $17.95 | Atlas $12.00 *Geography Flashcards $19.95 *same as flashcards in Geography I set

Supplemental Reading for American Studies Sets

Discussion Questions for American Studies Supplemental Sets

(third grade shown)

Third Grade $12.95

Third Grade $139.73 set | Fourth Grade $81.90 set

Fourth Grade $12.95

Fifth Grade $64.88 set | Sixth Grade $58.90 set

Fifth Grade $12.95

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Geography & American/Modern Studies

43

American/Modern Studies A Concise History of the American Republic Year I: $215 set (text, student, teacher) Year II: $35.90 set (student, teacher) Grades 9+ Text $199.95 (used for Year I and Year II) Year I Student $17.95 Year I Teacher $17.95

A History of Medieval Europe From Constantine to Saint Louis

Year II Student $17.95 Year II Teacher $17.95 This two-year course is designed to give students a good understanding of the period of history from pre-1615 life in North America to the post-Civil War Reconstruction years (Year One) and the period between the end of Reconstruction to the Reagan years (Year Two). Our study guides provide reading notes for each chapter, as well as comprehension questions that help students focus on the most important information from each chapter.

$98 set (text, student, teacher, quizzes & tests) Grades 10+ Text $65.95 Student $18.95 Teacher $20.95 Quizzes & Tests $5.00

A History of Europe in the Modern World Volume I (to 1815) & Volume II (since 1815)

This course covers the tumultuous transformation of Europe in the Dark Ages and the High Middle Ages, from the barbarian invasions and the conversion of Constantine to the Crusades and the rise of feudalism.

The study guide helps the student pull out key terms, figures, and events, and provides comprehension and short answer essay questions.

$40 guide set (student, teacher, quizzes & tests)

Grades 10+ Student $18.95 | Teacher $20.95 Quizzes & Tests $5.00 Vol. 1 & Vol. 2 Text $150.00 ea.

This course covers the political, societal, and religious upheavals, particularly in Western Europe, that have shaped and reshaped the continent in the last seven hundred years.

Students will study events leading to the rise of Europe through the formation of contemporary Europe, including the French Revolution, Napoleonic Europe, World War I & II, and the Cold War. The texts include helpful maps, timelines, and illustrations. Our new, expanded study guide covers volumes 1 and 2, and can be completed as a one-year or two-year course. The Student Guide requires students to note Key Terms, Key Figures, Key Dates, and Key Structures, in addition to comprehension questions, short essay questions, and timeline and map activities. The Teacher Manual has answers to the Student Guide plus background information for the teacher, and an overview, summary, and conclusion for each lesson, focusing on the material students need to master. The Teacher Manual also includes a quiz for each lesson and a test for every two lessons.

Find samples at MemoriaPress.com!

Cheryl’s Corner The road to wisdom and virtue does not end in Athens, the city of philosophers who show us how to use reason and inspire us to seek knowledge. Knowing every answer is not enough. We want to know the best answers, the right answers; for truth is the proper end of the intellect.

44

American/Modern

MemoriaPress.com

W

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A

S

19 8 4 .

hat d o stud ents in our nation' s sc hool s d o al l d ay ? Most of them are c l earl y not spend ing their time read ing the c l assic s, l earning math, or stud y ing the phy sic al sc ienc es. It is l ikel y that, al ong w ith photography w orkshops, keeping j ournal s, and perhaps l earning ab out c omputers, stud ents spend part of their d ay in moral ed uc ation c l asses. B ut these c l asses are not, as one might ex pec t, d esigned to ac q uaint stud ents w ith the W estern moral trad ition. P rofessional theorists in sc hool s of ed uc ation hav e found that trad ition w anting and hav e d ev ised an al ternativ e, one they hav e marketed in pub l ic sc hool s w ith notab l e suc c ess.

T he l ead ers of reform are c onv inc ed that trad itional mid d l ec l ass moral ity is at b est usel ess and at w orst pernic ious, and they hav e c onfid enc e in the new moral ity that is to repl ac e the ol d and in the nov el tec hniq ues to b e appl ied to this end .

O ne gains some id ea of the new moral ed uc ators from the terminol ogy they use. C ourses in ethic s are c al l ed V al ues C l arific ation or C ognitiv e Moral D ev el opment; teac hers are " v al ues proc essors," " v al ues fac il itators," or " refl ec tiv e- ac tiv e l isteners" ; l essons in moral reasoning are " sensitiv ity mod ul es" ; v ol unteer w ork in the c ommunity is an " ac tion mod ul e" ; and teac hers " d ial ogue" w ith stud ents to hel p them d isc ov er their ow n sy stems of v al ues. In these d ial ogues the teac her av oid s d isc ussing " ol d b ags of v irtues," suc h as w isd om, c ourage, c ompassion, and " proper" b ehav ior, b ec ause any attempt to instil l these w oul d b e to ind oc trinate the stud ent.

S ome l ead ers of the new reform mov ement ad v ise teac hers that effec tiv e moral ed uc ation c annot take pl ac e in the " authoritarian" atmosphere of the av erage A meric an high sc hool . T he teac her ought to d emoc ratiz e the c l assroom, turning it into a " j ust c ommunity " w here the stud ent and teac her hav e an eq ual say . F urthermore, the stud ent w ho takes a normativ e ethic s c ourse in c ol l ege w il l l ikel y enc ounter a professor w ho al so has a princ ipl ed av ersion to the inc ul c ation of moral prec epts and w ho w il l c onfine c l assroom d isc ussion to suc h issues of soc ial c onc ern as the K aren A nn Q uinl an c ase, rec omb inant D N A researc h, or the moral responsib il ities of c orporations. T he resul t i s a s y st e m of mora l ed uc ation that is sil ent ab out v irtue.

T he teac hing of v irtue is not v iew ed as a l egitimate aim of a moral c urric ul um, b ut there is no d earth of al ternativ e approac hes. F rom the time the

Ethics

WITHOUT

Virtue

BY CHRISTINA HOFF SOMMERS

v al ues ed uc ation mov ement b egan in the l ate 19 6 0 s, its theorists hav e prod uc ed an enormous numb er of articles, books, films, manuals, and doctoral d issertations; t here are now j ournal s, ad v anc ed d egree programs, and entire institutes d ed ic ated ex c l usiv el y to moral ped agogy ; a nd for the past sev eral y ears, teac hers, c ounsel ors, and ed uc ation spec ial ists hav e been attending conferences, seminars, workshops, and retreats to improv e their skil l s in v al ues proc essing.

A t present, tw o opposing id eol ogies d ominate moral education: the values clarification movement, w hose b est- know n proponent is S id ney S imon of the University of Massachusetts School of Education, and the c ognitiv e moral d ev el opment mov ement, w hose c hief spokesman is L aw renc e K ohl b erg, a professor of psy c hol ogy and ed uc ation, and d irec tor of the C enter for Moral Education at Harvard.

Values clarification, according to Sidney Simon, is " b ased on the premise that none of us has the ' right' set of v al ues to pass on to other peopl e' s c hil d ren. " Its method s are meant to hel p stud ents to get at " their ow n feel ings, their ow n id eas, their ow n b el iefs, so that the c hoic es and d ec isions they make are c onsc ious and d el ib erate, b ased on their ow n v al ue sy stem. " T o hel p stud ents d isc ov er w hat it is that they genuinel y v al ue, they are asked to respond to q uestionnaires c al l ed " strategies. " S ome ty pic al q uestions are: W hic h animal w oul d y ou rather b e: an ant, a b eav er, or a d onkey ? W hic h season d o y ou l ike b est? D o y ou prefer hiking, sw imming, or w atc hing tel ev ision? In one strategy c al l ed " V al ues Geography ," the stud ent is hel ped to d isc ov er his geographic al preferenc es; other l essons sol ic it his reac tion to seat b el ts, messy hand w riting, hiking, w al l - to- w al l c arpeting, c heating, ab ortion, hit- and - run d riv ers, and a mother w ho sev erel y b eats a tw o- y ear- ol d c hil d .

W estern l iterature and history are tw o trad itional alienating influences that the values clarification movement is on guard against. Simon has written that he has ceased to find meaning "in the history of war or the struc ture of a sonnet, and more meaning in the search to find value in life." He and his colleagues b el iev e that ex posure to one' s c ul tural heritage is not likely to be morally beneficial to the "average student."

The values clarification theorist does not believe that moral sensib il ity and soc ial c onsc ienc e are, in significant measure, learned by reading and d isc ussing the c l assic s. I nstead S imon speaks of the prec ious l egac y w e c an l eav e to " generations of y oung peopl e if w e teac h them to set their priorities and rank ord er the marv el ous items in l ife' s c afeteria. " Christina Hoff Sommers is the author of V ic e & V irtue in Everyday Life and Right and Wrong: Basic Readings in Ethics, as well as a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute.

46

Ethics Without V irtue

A s a c ol l ege teac her c oping w ith the motl ey ideologies of high school graduates, I find this al arming. Y oung peopl e tod ay , many of w hom are in a c ompl ete moral stupor, need to b e show n that there is an important d istinc tion b etw een moral and nonmoral decisions. Values clarification blurs the distinction.

C hil d ren are q ueried ab out their v iew s on homemad e C hristmas gifts, peopl e w ho w ear w igs, and w hether or not they approv e of ab ortion or w oul d turn in a hitand-run driver as if no significant differences existed among these issues. It is not surprising that teac hers trained in neutral ity and the princ ipl ed av oid anc e of "moralizing" sometimes find themselves in bizarre c l assroom situations. In a j unior high sc hool in N ew ton, Massachusetts, a teacher put on the blackboard a poster of a Hell's Angel wearing a swastika. The students were asked to react. "He's honest, anyway. He's living out his own feelings," answered one. "He's not fooling," said another. W hen the stud ents seemed to reac t fav orab l y to the Hell's Angel, the teacher ventured to suggest that " an al ienated person might not b e happy . " The student has values; the values clarification teac her is merel y " fac il itating" the stud ent' s ac c ess to them. T hus, no v al ues are taught. T he emphasis is on l earning how, not on l earning that. T he stud ent d oes not l earn that ac ts of steal ing are w rong; h e l earns how to respond to suc h ac ts.

The values clarification course is, in this sense, c ontentl ess. L aw renc e K ohl b erg, the l ead er of the sec ond maj or mov ement in moral ed uc ation, shares with values clarification educators a low opinion of trad itional moral ity . I n his c ontrib ution to T heod ore and N anc y S iz er' s anthol ogy , Moral Education, he w rites, " F ar from know ing w hether it c an b e taught, I hav e no id ea w hat v irtue real l y is. " K ohl b erg' s d isc l aimer is not a S oc ratic c onfession of ignoranc e; h e c onsid ers the teac hing of trad itional v irtues to b e at b est a w aste of time and at w orst c oerc iv e.

K ohl b erg' s authority d eriv es from his c ognitiv e d ev el opmental approac h to moral ed uc ation. F ol l ow ing J ohn D ew ey , K ohl b erg d istinguishes three main stages of moral d ev el opment ( eac h of w hic h is partitioned into a higher and l ow er stage, making six in al l ) . T he first stage is called the premoral or preconventional rew ard / punishment l ev el . In the sec ond stage, moral s are conventional but unreflective. In the third stage, moral princ ipl es are autonomousl y c hosen on rational ground s. K ohl b erg' s researc h appl ies P iaget' s id ea that the c hil d possesses c ertain c ognitiv e struc tures that c ome suc c essiv el y into pl ay as the c hil d d ev el ops.

F rom the assumption of innateness, it is b ut a short step to the b el ief that the appropriate ex ternal c irc umstanc es w il l promote the ful l moral d ev el opment of the c hil d . I t then b ec omes the j ob MemoriaPress.com

Young people today, many of whom are in a complete moral stupor, need to be shown that there is an important distinction between moral and nonmoral decisions.

of the ed uc ator to prov id e those c irc umstanc es, " fac il itating" the c hil d to his moral maturity .

T he d eprec ation of moral iz ing c ommon to v al ues clarification and cognitive development theory has been effective even in those schools where the reforms have not y et penetrated . Inc reasingl y now ad ay s, few teac hers hav e the temerity to praise any mid d l e- c l ass v irtues. T he ex c eption is the v irtue of tol eranc e. B ut, w hen tol eranc e is the sol e v irtue, stud ents' c apac ity for moral ind ignation, so important for moral d ev el opment, is sev erel y inhib ited . T he resul t is moral passiv ity and c onfusion and a shift of moral foc us from the ind iv id ual to soc iety .

The student entering college today shows the effects of an ed uc ational sy stem that has kept its d istanc e from the trad itional v irtues. U nenc umb ered b y the " ol d b ag of v irtues," the stud ent arriv es toting a ragb ag of another stripe w hose c ontents may b e roughl y itemiz ed as fol l ow s: psy c hol ogic al egoism ( the b el ief that the primary motive for action is selfishness), moral rel ativ ism ( the d oc trine that w hat is praisew orthy or contemptible is a matter of cultural conditioning), and rad ic al tol eranc e ( the d oc trine that to b e c ul tural l y and soc ial l y aw are is to und erstand and ex c use the putativ e w rongd oer) . A nother item in the b ag is the c onv ic tion that the seat of moral responsib il ity is found in soc iety and its institutions, not in ind iv id ual s.

T he hal f- b aked rel ativ ism of the c ol l ege stud ent tend s to und ermine his c ommon sense. In a term paper that is far from aty pic al , one of my stud ents w rote that J onathan S w ift' s " mod est proposal " for sol v ing the prob l em of hunger in Irel and b y harv esting Irish b ab ies for food w as " good for S w ift' s soc iety , b ut not for ours. " In one d isc ussion in my introd uc tory phil osophy c l ass, sev eral stud ents w ere c onv inc ed that the d eath of one person and the d eath of ten thousand is eq ual l y b ad . W hen a sophomore w as asked w hether she saw Nagasaki as the moral equivalent of a traffic accident, she repl ied , " F rom a moral point of v iew , y es. " T eac hers 1-877-862-1097

of moral phil osophy w ho are not themsel v es moral agnostic s trad e suc h stories for d ark amusement.

It is fair to say that many c ol l ege stud ents are thoroughl y c onfused ab out moral ity . W hat they sorel y need are some straightforw ard c ourses in moral phil osophy and a sound and unab ashed introd uc tion to the W estern moral trad ition— something they may nev er hav e had b efore. B ut few teac hers w il l use that trad ition as a sourc e of moral instruc tion: T he fear of ind oc trination is ev en stronger in the c ol l eges than it is at primary and sec ond ary sc hool s.

How, finally, is one to account for the ethics-withoutv irtue phenomenon? A ful l y ad eq uate answ er is b ey ond me, b ut c l earl y there is a great d eal more to the story than the national d isenc hantment w ith a sy stem of ed uc ation that " fail ed to prev ent" moral l apses suc h as W atergate.

A historian of id eas w oul d prob ab l y take us b ac k to romantic s l ike R ousseau and to real ists l ike Marx . George Steiner has written of this theme in Rousseau: In the R ousseauist my thol ogy of c ond uc t, a man c oul d c ommit a c rime either b ec ause his ed uc ation had not taught him how to d istinguish good and ev il , or b ec ause he had b een c orrupted b y soc iety . R esponsib il ity l ay w ith his sc hool ing or env ironment, for ev il c annot b e nativ e to the soul . A nd b ec ause the ind iv id ual is not w hol l y responsib l e, he c annot b e w hol l y d amned .

The values clarification theorists can find little to d isagree w ith in this d esc ription.

F or soc ial - mind ed reformers, j ustic e is the princ ipal v irtue, and soc ial pol ic y is w here ethic s is real l y " at. " The assumption is that there is an implicit conflict b etw een the j ust soc iety and the repressiv e moral ity of its und emoc ratic pred ec essors. T he fate of those soc ieties that hav e ac tual l y suc c eed ed in repl ac ing personal moral ity w ith soc ial pol ic y is the going pric e for ignoring the admonition of Max Weber: "He who seeks sal v ation of the soul — of his ow n and others— shoul d not seek it al ong the av enue of pol itic s. " Ethics Without V irtue

47

Classical Studies D'Aulaires' Greek Myths $57 set (text, student, teacher, flashcards) Grades 3-8 Text $19.99 | Student $17.95 Teacher $17.95 | Flashcards $12.95

Myths are everywhere in Western art and literature and are the essential background for a classical education. This is an ideal beginning book regardless of age! Each of the 30 lessons presents facts to know, vocabulary, comprehension questions, and a picture review and activities section.

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Famous Men of Rome

Famous Men of Greece

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$49 set (text, student, teacher, flashcards)

Grades 4-8

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Meet Romans like Horatius, Caesar, and Marcus Aurelius—history's great men of action. Younger students especially will be fascinated by the abundant action and drama of the great city of Rome, its trials and tribulations, its rise and eventual fall.

Dive into the lives of the famous Greeks—history's great men of thought. Follow Heracles and Odysseus through journeys of myth, fight with Leonidas and Pericles in legendary wars, deliberate with Aristotle and Socrates. Learn of all those who contributed to the scope of Greek accomplishment that is still known today as "The Greek Miracle."

Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Famous Men of Modern Times

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And in the last installment of the series, join Suleiman the Magnificent, Sir Isaac Newton, Peter the Great, George Washington, Napoleon Bonaparte, and many more as they fight to lead and forge the emerging modern world.

Wind through the "dark ages" by the lights of Clovis, Charlemagne, Alfred the Great, Joan of Arc, and Gutenberg, among many others, and watch as the world transitions from the end of ancient times to the birth of the modern era.

Supplements Timeline Program Events from Ancient to Modern Times Used in Grades 3-7

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To ensure retention and mastery we have created a cumulative review of Memoria Press' States and Capitals, Geography I & II, and Timeline Program.

Timeline Student Flashcards $12.95 60 events from Greek and Roman history, the Middle Ages, American history, and Christian studies.

Classical Studies

Grade 7

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48

Geography & Timeline Review Worksheets

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Dorothy Mills' Histories Grades 6+ | $39.95 set ea. (text, student, teacher) Text $16.95 ea. | *eBook $14.00 ea. | Student $17.95 ea. | Teacher $17.95 ea. (*not available for Renaissance & Reformation)

Combine with a Memoria Press Student Guide for a yearlong course. Each guide includes facts to know, vocabulary, comprehension questions, mapwork, and timelines, and the Teacher Guides provide thorough answers as well as unit tests.

Let Dorothy Mills take your student on an adventure to explore the geography, culture, architecture, and most prominent peoples of Egypt, Persia, Anatolia, Israel, and more. Mills covers not only the valuable history and culture of the ancient peoples, but she also gives students an understanding of the people and neighbors out of which Christianity sprung.

Like any good Roman course, this one begins with the she-wolf who nurses in infancy the legendary founders of Rome: Romulus and Remus. The rise and fall of a monarchy, the embrace of a republic with the simultaneous dislike for kings, and finally the rise of the Roman Empire teach unforgettable principles about human nature and society. Includes notes on the Roman culture, political system, and religion.

From the foundation of monasteries to the bell towers of universities, from the crowning of Charlemagne to the execution of Joan of Arc, Mills guides students through the spread of Christendom and the founding of a new civilization on the remnants of the Roman Empire.

It would be hard to overstate the reverberating effects of this period on modern history. Politics, philosophy, art, theology—virtually no aspect of Western culture was left unchanged by the Renaissance and Reformation. Mills succeeds marvelously in giving readers a neutral ground on which to base their understanding of this time.

The journey continues, starting in Crete and ending in the Hellenistic Age ushered in by Alexander the Great. Your student will learn about the wars and ideas, the art and architecture, the politics and philosophy that have shaped the course of Western civilization since the Greeks laid them out for us.

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Christian Studies Wall Maps

Hadrian's Wall

Hibernia M t.

O ly m pus

GERMANIA

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S Damascus Tyre Jerusalem PALESTINE Alexandria

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MOAB Sodom Gomorrah

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Classical Studies

49

Classical Literature Horatius at the Bridge

The Trojan War

Grades 6+

by Olivia Coolidge | Grades 6-8

$30 set (text, student, teacher, medal, pin)

Text $7.99 | Student $11.95 | Teacher $12.95

Text $7.95

This faithful retelling of the events of the Trojan War is wonderful preparation for reading the Iliad and Odyssey in later years. Your student will become familiar with the main characters, the gods and goddesses, and the storyline of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, presented in simple but captivating prose. Each lesson in the Student Guide has reading notes, vocabulary, comprehension questions, and an enrichment section with discussion topics, writing, art, and mapwork.

Student $7.95 | Teacher $9.95 Medal $5.00 | Lapel Pin $2.00 This study of Macaulay's 70-stanza ballad includes vocabulary, maps, character and plot synopses, meter, comprehension questions, teaching guidelines, and quizzes. Send us a recording of your students reciting the poem, and we'll send them a Winston Churchill Award certificate, medal, and lapel pin.

Classical Studies Suggested Timeline If you don't begin your classical education until middle or high school, we recommend that you start with Year 5.

Year 1

D'Aulaires' Greek Myths

Year 2

Famous Men of Rome

Year 3

Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Year 4

Famous Men of Greece, The Trojan War, and Horatius at the Bridge

Year 5

Iliad, Odyssey, and The Book of the Ancient Greeks

Year 6

The Aeneid and The Book of the Ancient Romans

Year 7

Greek Tragedies (Euripides, Sophocles, Aeschylus)

Year 8

The Divine Comedy

The Greek Tragedies Grades 9+

$225 complete set (3 texts, 3 student guides, 3 teacher guides, 3 instructional videos)

The Oresteian Trilogy by Aeschylus $13.00 The Three Theban Plays by Sophocles $15.00 Medea & Other Plays by Euripides $11.00 Student $17.95 ea. | Teacher $17.95 ea.

Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $45.00 ea.

50

Classical Literature

The Oresteian Trilogy

The Three Theban Plays

Medea & Other Plays

Aeschylus was the first of the three great tragic playwrights. Join Orestes as he seeks to avenge his father's murder, but discovers, along with us, that revenge only begets revenge—that mercy and litigation are the better ends of justice.

Here is Sophocles' story of Oedipus, fated to unknowingly kill his father and marry his mother. This is the great myth, influencing all subsequent literature. Fate, free will, the quest for knowledge and truth—the glory and downfall of Western civilization.

Euripides further developed the tragedy, instituting the deus ex machina, a prologue, and greater realism. His heroes are less resolute and more psychological, fraught with internal conflict. In them we see the extremes of human nature: cold reason and maniacal passion, nobility and cruelty, triumph and regret, grief and comfort.

MemoriaPress.com

$75 set ea.

Western civilization begins with the two greatest works of the ancient world: the Iliad and the Odyssey. The enormous influence these books have exerted in Western literature and art make them the perfect place to begin your study of Western culture.

(text, student, teacher, videos)

$135 complete set (Iliad and Odyssey sets)

Text $12.95 ea. eBook $7.00 ea.

Student $11.95 ea.

Teacher $12.95 ea.

The Iliad & The Odyssey

Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $45.00 ea.

Samuel Butler translation Grades 7+

Samuel Butler's prose translations are both scholarly and easily accessible to students. The reading notes, focus passages, and comprehension and discussion questions in our Student Guides highlight important events, characters, and themes, allowing your student to more deeply understand these seminal works. The Teacher Manuals include additional contextual background information and teaching tips, as well as complete answers to the Student Guides and unit tests.

The Aeneid David West translation Grades 8+

$80 set (text, student, teacher, videos)

My fourteen-year-old completed [the Iliad] study, along with the Odyssey this year and reported: "The Iliad videos were a great help in reading the Iliad!

They explained any confusions I had about the text, helped keep all the characters straight, and gave bonus historical information about the Trojan War. I absolutely recommend these for everyone who is planning to read the Iliad."

— M.N.

Text $16.00 | Student $16.95 | Teacher $16.95 Instructional Videos: DVDs or Streaming $45.00 After Homer, the Aeneid is logically your next great book to study. Virgil's epic story of the founding of Rome will come alive when read with the help of our study guide as you continue your quest to master the classics. This is a great preparation for AP Latin also. Our Teacher Manual has inset student pages with teacher notes and background information for each lesson.

The Republic and The Laws

by Cicero, Translated by Niall Rudd Grades 10+ Text $12.95 Student $17.95 Teacher $17.95

The Aeneid for Boys & Girls

by Alfred J. Church | Grades 6-8

$9.95 Alfred Church's retelling of Virgil's Aeneid is a great introduction to the story of Aeneas, who escaped from the burning city of Troy and founded Rome, the New Troy. Students will gain a good grasp of the characters and story of the Aeneid and be ready to tackle the more difficult writing of Virgil.

Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman statesman from the first century B.C., was convinced that the upright moral life was the happier life. The Republic became the blueprint of the U.S. government almost 2,000 years after it was written. In The Laws, Cicero defends his understanding of the upright moral life. His writings became the foundation for the West's philosophical discussion on the natural law.

On Obligations The Divine Comedy

by Dante Alighieri, Translated by John Ciardi Grades 10+

$55 set (text, student, teacher, quizzes & tests) $105 complete set (all books + streaming instructional videos) Text $21.00 | Student $16.95 Teacher $16.95 | Quizzes & Tests $5.00 Streaming Instructional Videos $55.00 The Divine Comedy is one of the crown jewels of both Western and Christian literature. This epic, allegorical poem illustrates Dante's spiritual journey of redemption that takes him through the pit of Hell (the Inferno) to the Beatific Vision of God (the Paradiso). The Student Guide contains helpful study questions and reading notes for difficult lines.

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by Cicero, Translated by P. G. Walsh Grades 10+ Text $13.95 Student $17.95 Teacher $17.95 Cicero was a man trying to give the politicians of his day solid principles by which to live as they drove his fatherland, Rome, down the royal road of decay. His work On Obligations played a large role in Western Christendom but is daunting to read alone. Let us accompany your high schooler as he learns the principles of justice, wisdom, beneficence, courage, and propriety.

Classical Literature

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Virtue and Discipline in the Arts

by Dr. Carol Reynolds

F

ew peopl e rec ogniz e engagement in the arts as an intrinsic el ement of spiritual v irtue. T o use the words of Pope John Paul II from his "Letter to A rtists," penned in 19 9 9 , [T]rue art has a close affinity with the world of faith, so that, ev en in situations w here c ul ture and the C hurc h are far apart, art remains a kind of b rid ge to rel igious ex perienc e.

W hil e D isc ipl ine is not inc l ud ed in the l ist of c ard inal v irtues enshrined in c l assic al phil osophy and C hristian theol ogy ( P rud enc e, J ustic e, F ortitud e, and T emperanc e) , the prac tic e of d isc ipl ine pl ay s an und eniab l e rol e in the c ul tiv ation of these v irtues.

P rinc ipl es of d isc ipl ine and ord er are und eniab l e b ed roc ks of W estern c ul ture. P l ato spoke ab out the " v irtue of eac h thing, w hether b od y or soul , instrument or c reature" d ev el oping " not b y c hanc e b ut as the resul t of the ord er and truth and art w hic h are imparted to them. " T he q ual ity of a c hil d ' s l ife w il l b e shaped b y his or her c apac ity for sel f- d isc ipl ine. N ot l ong ago, c hil d ren routinel y l earned l essons in sel f- d isc ipl ine from ex posure to anc ient l egend s and c l assic al my ths.

Great stories of the B ib l e ( suc h as J ac ob d isc ipl ining his emotions to l ab or for R ac hel ) shaped soc ietal v al ues. D ail y c onv ersations w oul d b e peppered w ith max ims l ike " A j ourney of a thousand mil es starts with a single step." Admired figures spoke winsomely ab out d isc ipl ine, inc l ud ing the l egend ary c oac h V inc e L omb ard i, w ho c al l ed it " a state of mind y ou c oul d c al l ' c harac ter in ac tion. ' " T hink how far our popul ar c ul ture has l urc hed from suc h insight!

L iv ing in a soc iety w here fal se w ind s b l ow the praises of instant gratification and superficial ac hiev ement, w here c an w e turn to foster sel fd isc ipl ine in a c hil d ? W hat ab out a stud y of the arts, und ertaken not onl y as an ac q uisition of skil l s or a searc h for c reativ e ex pression, b ut as a d isc ipl ined path that unites us w ith c ritic al el ements of our W estern heritage?

U ntil rec ent d ec ad es, a method ic al stud y of the arts formed a routine part of nearl y ev ery c hil d ' s education. As recently as my youth, music filled the air of our neighb orhood on any giv en d ay after sc hool .

Perhaps the tinkling of scales on a piano floated through a w ind ow , or may b e the b l ast of a tromb one scared off the birds; such musical sounds documented the effort of young people to master the intricacies of an instrument. T hese same c hil d ren l ikel y w oul d hav e ab sorb ed a sy stematic program in music and art Dr. Carol eynolds is a widely acclaimed author, speaker, and educator. She regularly leads arts tours throughout Europe and the Mediterranean, recently in partnership with the Smithsonian Institute.

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apprec iation d uring the sc hool w eek, as w el l as some ex posure to d anc e and theater.

W as the goal to put more v irtuoso performers on the stage? A b sol utel y not. T he goal w as to estab l ish paths to the c ul tiv ation of v irtuous q ual ities l ike patienc e, d il igenc e, persistenc e, and stead fastness.

T here w as a general rec ognition that the d isc ipl ine and rew ard of stud y ing the arts l aid the ground w ork for w hatev er av enues the c hil d pursued as an ad ul t, b e it ac ad emic , tec hnic al , or a v enture req uiring c raftsmanship. S o l et' s c onsid er some ex ampl es of how this c ul tiv ation l ooks in prac tic e.

A c hil d w ho stud ies an art form must master a roster of impul ses earl y on: t he impul se to w iggl e or lose focus; the impulse to be weird ("Hmmm, what happens if I hol d the rec ord er w ith my feet? " ) ; the impul se to sl ither off or throw a fit w hen the task gets tric ky .

T he stud y of any art mov es i n a met hod ic al proc ess using b asel ine method s suc h as " c opy ing the masters. " T hat is w hy st ud ents of painting set up their easel s in gal l eries and repeated l y c opy the masterw orks. T hat too ex pl ains the ex hausting routine d anc ers fol l ow d ail y at the b arre und erneath the w atc hful ey e of the instruc tor.

Mod el ing onesel f after something ex empl ary instil l s moral , ethic al , and spiritual d isc ipl ine. It supports our g r ow t h i n t he c a rd i n a l v irtues, mentioned ab ov e, as w el l as the theol ogic al v irtues of Faith, Hope, and Love. Educators and parents d esiring to teac h these prec epts d o not al w ay s real iz e how readily the arts support their efforts, helping a c hil d c ontrol the ear, ey e, mind , and b od y , as w el l as d isc ipl ine the emotions. T hus, music appears in the anc ient struc ture of l earning c al l ed the Q uad riv ium not as an el ec tiv e, b ut as a c ornerstone.

A d isc ipl ined ex posure to the arts al so d isprov es the unfortunate b el ief that " c reativ ity " is a free forc e sweeping us along, with minimal effort, toward a laudable accomplishment. How often have you heard: " My neighb or pl ay s piano so great, and he d oesn' t ev en read music ! " O r: " Y ou shoul d see how w el l my granddaughter draws, and she's never had the first l esson. " My answ er is to c ounter: " J ust think w hat N eighb or A or Grand d aughter B w oul d ac hiev e w ith 1-877-862-1097

some training! " D isc ipl ined ped agogy and the sel fd isc ipl ined ac q uisition of artistic skil l s d o not d iminish self-expression; rather, they are the best means to attain it.

T od ay ' s c hil d ren are al so fed the d riv el that anything they do is "creative" as long as it fulfills a loose definition of self-expression. This na ve notion may appl y to tod d l ers, b ut onc e a c hil d hits the age of five or six we must take a disciplined approach to learning the arts. There are fixed principles in every art form— " T urn the b rush grad ual l y l ike this to make this kind of l ine" — and a good teac her nurtures sel fdiscipline—"I know you'd rather dive in, but let's first figure out the mix of colors for the results you want."

D isc ipl ine is need ed not onl y to do an art form, b ut to appreciate it. F or ex ampl e, most c hil d ren ( and ad ul ts! ) are b rought up l istening to music that l asts approx imatel y three minutes ( or, in the c ase of snippets from film scores, l ess) . T he foc us nec essary to ab sorb the non- v erb al l anguage of music req uires a much longer attention span. T he c apac ity for suc h aural und erstand ing need s to b e d ev el oped .

W e c an l ook at other art forms and d isc ov er these same princ ipl es. D anc e c annot b e apprec iated ful l y until the ob serv er real iz es, for ex ampl e, that a b al l erina' s " d el ic ate" feet are musc ul ar w eapons, c al l oused from y ears of phy sic al pressure, that b l eed und er the stress of pointe shoes. A c hil d ' s understanding of a painting changes when she finds out how many times the artist sketc hes a fac e, ev en w hen it seems inc onseq uential — one of d oz ens in a c row d .

To return to the letter of John Paul II (himself an actor and playwright in youth), the real significance of the arts l ies in their l ink to God : " the D iv ine Artist passes on to the human artist a spark of His ow n surpassing w isd om, c al l ing him to share in His creative power." How differently we would emb rac e and teac h the arts if they w ere more w id el y understood as a reflection of the Divine Creation!

A d ministrativ e d isc ussions of their " ex tra- c urric ul ar" nature w oul d d isappear. I nstead , the arts w oul d b e emb rac ed for their uniq ue pow er to prepare a c hil d for the c hal l enges of ad ul t l ife through the strengthening of the most v irtuous q ual ities.

V irtue and Discipline in the Arts

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Do you know that the very gift of breath is the result of the oxygen that trees and plants produce? Or that trees and plants provide the means of sustenance for all life on Earth? The Book of Trees, along with the Student Workbook and Teacher Guide, will teach your student both plant morphology and taxonomy (the different parts and different kinds of plants), as well as photosynthesis and respiration.

Other chapters cover flowers and fruits. The second half of the course is dedicated to tree observation and classification.

science & nature The Book of Astronomy Grades 3+

$34.90 set (student & teacher)

Student $14.95 Teacher $19.95 Teach your student the story of the sky! This guide covers stars, constellations, the solar system, and the zodiac.

Monarch Butterfly

Honeybee

• L epid optera [ Greek: λεπιδος + πτερα] means " sc al e- w inged " • Cabbage butterfly, sphinx moth, monarch butterfly, brush-footed butterfly, swallowtail butterfly, luna moth • C ompl ete metamorphosis • C harac teristic s: l arge w ings and c oil ing mouthparts • A l so inc l ud es: tiger moth, c ec ropia moth, skipper butterfly

• Hymenoptera [Greek: υµεν + πτερα] means " memb rane- w inged " • P aper w asp, y el l ow j ac ket, hornet, c arpenter ant, fire ant, honeybee, bumblebee • C ompl ete metamorphosis • C harac teristic s: sl end er w aist and stingers • Also includes: saw fly, mud dauber, bulldog ant, sw eat b ee

NEW

The Book of Insects Grades 4+

$56 set (text, student, teacher, field guide, flashcards) Text $14.95 | Student $14.95 Teacher $16.95 | eBook $12.00 Flashcards $9.95 | Peterson Guide $8.99

The Book of Trees

A narrative approach to the life of insects that takes your student through classification, anatomy, and more!

Grades 6+ | by Sean Brooks

$59 set (text, student, teacher, field guide, Tree Book) Text $14.95 | Student $14.95 Teacher $16.95 | Peterson Guide $8.99 The Tree Book for Kids and Their Grown-Ups $15.95

The Book of Birds

by Sarah Jo Davis and Kalee Miller | Grades 5+

$70 set (text, student, teacher, Peterson Guide, coloring book, flashcards)

Nature's Beautiful Order

Text $17.99 | Student $14.95 | Teacher $16.95 Peterson Guide $8.99 | Coloring Book $10.99 | Flashcards $9.95

by Christopher O. Blum & John A. Cuddeback

The Book of Birds is a thorough introduction to a fascinating avian world, covering everything from anatomy and the physics of flight to social habits and habitats.

$45 set (text, student, teacher)

Modern Biology Grades 9+ | $205 set

Grades 6+ Text $21.95 | Student $11.95 | Teacher $12.95 This introduction to natural history instills in the beginning student of biology a love for the beauty and order of the animal kingdom through the eyes of the classical naturalists.

(text, student, teacher, tests, coloring workbook, streaming instructional videos)

Text $120.00 | Student $19.95 | Teacher $22.95 | Tests $5.00 Coloring Workbook $22.99 | Streaming Instructional Videos $55.00 Spend several weeks each on biochemistry, cell structure, genetics, microbiology, the structure and function of plants, and a study of vertebrate and invertebrate animals.

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Science & N ature

Find samples and full product descriptions at MemoriaPress.com!

MemoriaPress.com

John H. Tiner's Science Grades 5-9

Novare Science

Text $14.99 ea.

Supplemental Student Questions $5.00 ea. | Teacher Key & Tests $8.00 ea.

J. H. Tiner's illustrated science books for middle school students are written from a biblical perspective and have won numerous awards. Each includes review questions and activities for every chapter, and Memoria Press has written supplemental questions, unit reviews, and tests for each book.

Choose From: Exploring the History of Medicine

Exploring the World of Physics

Exploring Planet Earth

Exploring the World of Biology

Exploring the World of Mathematics

Exploring the World of Astronomy

Exploring the World of Chemistry

Grades 6+ See full book and price lists on MemoriaPress.com!

Novare is committed to a mastery-learning paradigm. Accurate explanations and a thorough treatment of the subject matter characterize these courses from start to finish. The Resource CDs include quizzes and exams, a teacher key, weekly review guides, and more.

Choose From: Physical Science Earth Science

Accelerated Chemistry

Introductory Physics

Physics: Modeling Nature

Student $14.95

Mammals

Teacher $16.95

Grades 3+

The World of Mammals $17.99

$60 set

What Is a Mammal? $7.95

(student, teacher, The World of Mammals,

What Is the Animal Kingdom? $7.95

What Is a Mammal?, What Is the Animal Kingdom?)

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General Chemistry

The young student's natural fascination with animals makes this in-depth study of the habitats, behaviors, and classification of mammals a wonderful grammar school course. Lessons draw from The World of Mammals, What Is the Animal Kingdom?, and What Is a Mammal? and include comprehension questions, drawing exercises, and observation pages.

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Art & Music Discovering Music: 300 Years of Interaction in Western Music, Arts, History, and Culture

Exploring America's Musical Heritage: Through Art, Literature, and Culture

with Dr. Carol Reynolds | Grades 8+

Grades 5+

$149 set (Course Book, DVDs, Teacher Manual CD) Course Book $29.95 | DVDs $106.10 Teacher Manual CD $12.95 This program features videos of Professor Carol as she travels the world using music as the window into the history of thought and culture, along with a unit-by-unit Teacher Manual to walk you through it. Music has always been central to classical education, and by connecting music history to political and cultural history, we make all of history more memorable.

with Dr. Carol Reynolds

$49.95 set (2 DVDs totaling more than 4 hours) In this course, Professor Carol—along with 38 other historians, scholars, and artists—takes you on a journey through America's musical history. When we sing the songs our greatgrandparents learned around a campfire, read the poems they recited, and study the paintings or quilts they created, we visit the past in a tangible way.

Early Sacred Music: From the Temple through the Middle Ages $119 set (text, workbook, DVDs)

Creating Art: Lessons & Projects for the Grammar Stage

Text $24.95 | Assignments & Quizzes $22.95 | DVDs $89.00

Grades 3-4 | $19.95

with Dr. Carol Reynolds | Grades 8+

Here you will find a description and explanation of how Christians worshiped God in song for over a millennia. In addition to the sheer beauty of the songs themselves, you will learn how musical notation developed, who the great Christian composers were, and how historical circumstances affected the musical worship of the Church. DVDs include musical performances and Professor Carol's unparalleled commentary.

Students will begin with color theory and basic art techniques. They will create projects that relate to literature, science, Mesopotamian and Egyptian art, portraits, landscapes, still life, and much more!

Music Appreciation Grades 3+ | by Patrick Fata Student Book $14.95 Audio Companion CDs $8.95 This course aims to deepen your student's appreciation of music by grounding the greatest pieces in the canon of Western classical music in their historical context, and by introducing the foundational musical concepts of notation, rhythm, pitch, form, and melody to give a fuller understanding of the inner workings of the pieces and of music in general.

Art Cards & Posters Grades K-2 Art Cards K-2 (5" x 7") $9.95 ea.

Art Posters K-2 (11" x 17") $35.00 ea.

Enrich your child's primary education with beautiful pieces of art from the most influential artistic movements in history, including the Renaissance, Romanticism, Impressionism, and more! These supplements are coordinated with our primary Classical Core Curriculum sets.

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Primary Enrichment

Enrichment Guides Classical Core Curriculum supplement (Kindergarten, 1st Grade, or 2nd Grade) $19.95 ea.

These supplemental guides coordinate with our Classical Core Kindergarten, First Grade, and Second Grade programs. Each guide includes an overview of each read-aloud book, author and illustrator biographies, oral reading questions, and a simple language lesson, as well as resources for the history, culture, and science lessons, biographies of the artists, and poetry lessons.

Music Enrichment Classical Core Curriculum supplement Grades K-2 | $12.95 Music Enrichment goes into more detail about each song studied in our Enrichment Guides, including a short backstory on each song and its composer, as well as a few interesting facts and discussion questions.

The Book of Crafts

Character Building

Classical Core Curriculum supplement Grades Jr. K-2 | $16.95 ea.

The creative arts are an essential part of primary school education. These activities reinforce number and letter recognition, strengthen fine-motor skills, and foster creativity and confidence. There is a craft project for each read-aloud in Memoria Press' Jr. K-2 curriculum packages, and additional crafts that focus on art concepts.

Enjoy each of your creations and the time spent together making them.

Cut & Paste Book Classical Core Curriculum supplement | $6.00

Lessons for Social Understanding, Habits, & Manners

by Cheryl Swope Ages 4-13 Guide Books $19.95 ea.

Book One Core Set $56 | Book One Read-Aloud Set $100

NEW

Students will practice scissors skills while working on mastery of beginning phonics sounds.

Scissors Books Classical Core Curriculum supplement My Very First Scissors Book $6.00 My Very Own Scissors Book $6.00 Help your student develop hand strength, fine-motor skills, and independence with one or both of these books.

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Myself & Others

Book Two Core Set $22 | Book Two Read-Aloud Set $99 Book Three Core Set $55 | Book Four Core Set $48

Manner of the Week Wall Charts 11" x 8.5" Grades K+ | $14.95

NEW

Be respectful, listen carefully, look for opportunities to include others, chew with your mouth closed—these simple, thoughtful guidelines for good manners are a great visual aid for your classroom or homeschool.

Includes 36 wall charts, one for each week of your school year.

Primary Enrichment

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Phonics & Reading First Start Reading: Phonics, Reading, & Printing Grade K | by Cheryl Lowe

$45.95 set (Books A-D + Teacher Guide) Student Books (A-D) $7.00 ea. | Teacher Guide for Books A-D $17.95 Your children can begin reading instantly as they progress through 5 simple student books and 34 phonetic stories. The Teacher Guide includes helpful assessments, tips, and more!

· 57 common words · artist-drawn coloring pictures

• consonants • short & long vowels

· manuscript printing · drawing pages for every letter

FSR is a balanced, age-appropriate approach to phonics and reading, with a serious focus on correct pencil grip and letter formation. Also, while many phonics programs today use the ladder approach (consonant-vowel blending), we prefer the more traditional (vowel-consonant) approach combined with word families. Mastery of short vowels is the sine qua non of phonics programs, but few programs provide adequate practice.

The FSR kindergarten program consists of 4 student books with artist-drawn pictures to color, drawing pages for each letter or phonogram, and over 30 stories. The Teacher Guide leads you through the program and provides helpful assessments and teaching tips. *Note: Printing, an important pathway of the learning process, is an integral part of FSR. Some children, however, are reading-ready before their motor skills are developed enough for printing. If this is the case with your child, you may use FSR without the printing component.

Kindergarten Morning Work Grade K | $15.00

Kindergarten Phonics & Reading Set Grade K | $180 set Everything you need to teach your student to read fluently, including lesson plans!

Kindergarten Phonics & Reading Streaming Instructional Videos $55.00 Let primary specialist Michelle Tefertiller teach your students how to read! These streaming videos use all the books in the Kindergarten Phonics & Reading Set.

Kindergarten Morning Work is designed to practice quick recall of concepts NEW already taught in the Kindergarten Curriculum.

It purposefully does not introduce new concepts, but allows young students to build confidence and gives teachers the opportunity to gauge mastery. Two days a week students will review penmanship, phonics, color words, number awareness, and the manner of the week.

Alphabet & Coloring Coloring Books Recommended for Ages 4-5 Numbers $6.00 Alphabet $6.00

Alphabet Book Part One & Part Two

by Leigh Lowe

Recommended for Ages 4-5

$30 set (2 books)

$15.00

Recommended for Ages 4-5

Introduces color words and each number through 15.

Teaches letter recognition, letter formation, and pencil grip. This is a gentle introduction to phonics.

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Numbers & Colors

Phonics & Reading

Alphabet Flashcards (4¼'' x 5½") $10.00

MemoriaPress.com

First Start Reading, Book E

100 Days of Summer Reading Books I-III

by Michelle Tefertiller

$7.95 ea.

Grades K-2

Grade 1 Student Book E $7.00 Teacher Guide for Book E $9.95 We complete our phonics for reading program at the beginning of first grade with First Start Reading Book E. After students have completed Books A-D in kindergarten, they are ready for the long vowel teams, sounds of soft c and g, and the three sounds of y in Book E. Once the student has mastered the basic phonics in the FSR series, he is ready to continue reading progress with real literature, and continue his phonics studies with Traditional Spelling.

Reading is a subject that should continue through the summer to avoid regression. These summer reading journals are a perfect way to encourage young children to continue working on reading fluency. The font size gets smaller for each journal, and each page is divided in half for drawing and writing small summaries. Kindergarten has the unique goal of reading a book a day for 100 days!

Classical Phonics

Phonics Flashcards

by Cheryl Lowe

Grades K-2

Grades K-2

(4¼'' x 5½")

$16.95

$24.95

These phonetically arranged word lists require students to rely on their mastery of letter sounds. Coordinates with First Start Reading, or is a good supplement to any phonics program.

Flashcards for the nearly 200 phonograms used to spell the 44 sounds of the English language.

Phonics from A to Z $27.99

A manual for teachers who want to go deeper into the subject of phonics and reading.

Teaching Phonics & Word Study $33.99

Easy Reader Classics

An excellent phonics resource for grammar school teachers.

Grades K-2

$65 set (18 books) | $3.95 ea.

Classic stories from The Jungle Book, The Wind in the Willows, Tom Sawyer, and Doctor Dolittle have been adapted in these early readers so young children can read good stories on their level. Simple sentences and beautiful illustrations are a perfect fit for primary students who are ready to practice reading fluency.

My child learned to read using [First Start Reading]. It has enjoyable activities as well as assignments that train in discipline and diligence.

—M.M.

Spelling Traditional Spelling I & II (Traditional Spelling I shown)

by Cheryl Lowe

Grades 1-2

$48 set ea. (student, teacher, practice sheets, supplemental workbook, supplemental workbook key)

Student $14.95 ea. | Teacher $16.95 ea.

Practice Sheets $5.00 ea.

Supplemental Workbook $7.95 ea.

Supplemental Workbook Key $7.95 ea.

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This comprehensive, phonetic approach to teaching spelling is the culmination of our primary Phonics & Reading program. It is designed to follow completion of the Kindergarten Curriculum Package or First Start Reading Books A-D, which ensure students have mastered reading "consonant-vowel-consonant" words with short vowels.

Paired with StoryTime and More StoryTime Treasures in first grade, or with the literature study guides in second grade, Traditional Spelling provides your student with an extensive mastery-based study of phonics for spelling and reading.

Each four-page lesson features writing and oral dictation practice, color-coded phonogram activities, and short stories on the student's reading level that utilize that week's spelling words.

Phonics & Spelling

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SIMPLY CLASSICAL

TENTATIO: A TEACHER OF VIRTUE b y C hery l S w ope

O

ne Latin word encapsulates suffering: tentatio. W rapped w ith ad v ersity and a iction, tentatio d epic ts trial and temptation, the intense internal struggl e from the c rosses w e b ear and the c rosses w e c ause others to b ear. entatio c an make us w rithe and groan, tremb l e and d oub t. W ith good reason w e pray : " L ead us not into temptation" ( ne nos inducas in tentationem .

Might tentatio b e a teac her of v irtue? In P sal m 119 : 7 1 the psal mist w rites, " It is good for me that I hav e b een affl ic ted ; that I might l earn thy statutes," and in P sal m 119 : 6 7 , " B efore I w as affl ic ted I w ent astray : b ut now hav e I kept thy w ord . " T hrough tentatio God d riv es us to know our frail ties and fac e our hel pl essness w ith singl eness of purpose: that w e may turn to J esus. " I w as gl ad w hen they said unto me, L et us go into the house of the L " ( P sal m 12 2 : 1) . T his is not intend ed to b e on an ad hoc, c risis- b y - c risis b asis. T his is eternal . " A nd I w il l d w el l in the house of the L for ev er" ( P sal m 2 3 : 6 ) .

T hough und eniab l y painful , suffering and sorrow become neither futil e nor fatal in the heart of the C hristian.

T hrough the l ife, d eath, resurrec tion, and asc ension of our Good S hepherd , our sins are forgiv en, our burdens are His, and His righteousness is ours. We b ring up our c hil d ren " in the nurture and ad monition of the Lord" (Ephesians : ) not that they might b ec ome merel y moral and upright in c harac ter, b ut that they might have eternal life in His name. From this my stery c omes fruit: " B ut the fruit of the S pirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperanc e: against suc h things there is no l aw " ( Gal atians 5 : 2 2 - 2 3 ) .

Cheryl Swope is the author of Simply Classical: A Beautiful Education for A ny C hil d and Memoria Press' Simply Classical Curriculum, as well as editor of the S impl y C l assic al J ournal .

60

Tentatio: A Teacher of V irtue

In our home our children bear burdens. They suffer from d el usions, ob sessions, and l onel iness d ue to mental il l ness. Muc h c oul d b e said ab out this, espec ial l y b ec ause b ipol ar d isord er, d epression, and sc hiz ophrenia seem negl ec ted topic s in ed uc ation and in the c hurc h, y et tentatio is nothing new , nor is the remed y . C onsid er words from a hymn stanza written by Sigismund W eingä rtner in 16 0 9 : In God , my faithful God , I trust w hen d ark my road ; T hough many w oes o' ertake me et He will not forsake me.

His love it is doth send them; A nd w hen ' tis b est w il l end them.

My sins assail me sore, B ut I d espair no more.

I b uil d on C hrist, w ho l ov es me; F rom this roc k nothing mov es me.

T o him I al l surrend er, T o him, my soul ' s d efend er.

I trust when dark my road.

My son c omposes music to ease his mind and my d aughter w rites poetry to unb urd en her soul . In the ev enings, b oth y oung ad ul ts often sing hy mns w ith me at the piano. T his is not to b e v irtuous, b ut to know mercy. "He leadeth me beside the still waters. He restoreth my soul" ( P sal m 2 3 : 2 - 3 ) .

My c hil d ren' s l ife ex pec tanc y is shorter than most.

In life as in death our confidence cannot be in the flesh. " Y ea, though I w al k through the v al l ey of the shad ow of d eath, I w il l fear no ev il : for thou art w ith me" ( P sal m 23: ). From this merciful consolation comes a desire to giv e c onsol ation to others. P erhaps this is v irtue.

A s Gene V eith often w rites, " O ur moral ac tion in the temporal real m shoul d not b e primaril y foc used on our interior sel f- improv ement b ut shoul d b e d irec ted outside ourselves to benefit our neighbor." This can b ec ome the foc us of teac hing, singing, and pray ing w ith our children: We do not seek virtue for ourselves. "He l ead eth me in the paths of righteousness for his name' s sake" ( P sal m 2 3 : 3 ) .

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T he b urd ens our famil y fac es may not b e y our prec ise trial s, b ut w e know y ou hav e trial s. J esus tel l s us: " In the w orl d y e shal l hav e trib ul ation. " B ut in the same breath He assures us abundantly: "But be of good cheer; I have overcome the world" (John 1 :33). "He giv eth pow er to the faint; and to them w ho hav e no might he increaseth strength" (Isaiah 0:29). No matter our b urd ens— the ones w e b ear for a short time or the ones w e b ear ev ery d ay — w e pray for peac e and j oy , confidence and strength amid tentatio, as w e turn aw ay from our ow n perc eiv ed v irtue and to the O ne w ho restores our soul s.

T hrough C hristian stud ies, hy mns, and pray ers in our home w e hav e often spoken openl y ab out suffering. One day, during the semester we studied God ' s presenc e in our struggl es, Mic hel l e retreated to her bedroom and emerged with words written on a page. I hel ped turn a phrase or tw o, b ut otherw ise the thoughts and w ord s are hers. I n her c ol l ec tion hrough ime's Looking Glass she inc l ud ed this poem to share.

W e al l l iv e in, w ith, and und er tentatio. M ay this und erstand ing l ead us to serv e eac h other as w e receive the beneficent lovingkindness of the One who suffered on our behalf.

allad of the Suffering One Little Beth lies all alone, on her bed awake.

Pr ay erful mind ed , " God al one, J esus for my sake, T hou w il t sav e me, God most high, from al l w ithout, w ithin.

My d arkest, most d epressing thoughts, al l I ev er d id …."

T hrough the night, I mourn, I w eep. " J esus, answ er; c are."

D ay l ight shal l b e gone to grav e, J esus stil l is there.

T hough I l ie and some may pl ac e stones atop my head , J esus answ ers y et again. J esus answ ers pray er. " A t y our portal , at y our d oor, I am l istening.

I hear y our c ry ; I hear y our pl ea.

W ith l ight and airy footsteps tread , Gl ad l y fol l ow Me." A t the throne b efore the L amb my j ourney here b e d one.

He looks me up, he looks me down, says "Unto Me, c hil d c ome. " "Fellow sufferer," He says, "I bid thee, welcome Home."

S o here I am, and here I' l l stay , w ithin the c ourt of God ’ s ow n L amb .

At His table He has called me to Himself again.

He picks me up; He cradles me in His tender arms.

He brings me home; He makes me His, The Sufferer for the suffering one.

Memoria P ress w orks w ith sc hool s al l ov er the c ountry to assist in und erstand ing the v ision of c l assic al ed uc ation and to hel p impl ement a c ohesiv e c l assic al c urric ul um. C hery l S w ope has j oined forc es w ith the C l assic al L atin S c hool A ssoc iation training team to hel p y our sc hool start or improv e ed uc ation for y our struggl ing stud ents and stud ents w ith spec ial need s.

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New American Cursive

by Iris Hatfield Grades 1+

$22.95 ea.

Why Learn Cursive?

• • • • • • • •

Improved neural connections in the brain Increased ability to read cursive Increased writing speed Improved fine-motor skills Improved reading and spelling ability Increased self-discipline and eye-hand coordination Improved attractiveness, legibility, and fluidity of one's signature Increased self-confidence, continuity, and fluidity when communicating with the written word

The New American Cursive (NAC) penmanship program is an easy-to-follow resource for learning cursive. Simplified letter forms and clear instructions teach your student to write in a fast, legible script. Developed by Iris Hatfield, an educator with 35 years of experience in the handwriting field, the workbooks improve the process of teaching handwriting and allow students to start at a younger age.

In NAC 1, learn how to form each letter, step by step, with clear starting dots and direction arrows. Correct pencil grip, paper position, and posture are illustrated throughout. Fifteen minutes of workbook practice a day is all it takes! NAC 2 will continue to teach correct letter forms and how to easily connect each letter. Proper size, spacing, and slant are emphasized in 125 instructional exercises. In NAC 3 you will further enhance cursive skills by practicing your best handwriting while learning about manners and correspondence protocol.

Teach Yourself Cursive

by Iris Hatfield Grade 5-Adult | $22.95

$22.95 ea.

Whether you are a beginning older student or are fine-tuning your penmanship later in life, these self-guided lessons make learning cursive a pleasure. Practice just 15 minutes a day to get remarkable results.

Choose from:

New American Cursive 1 New American Cursive 2: Scripture & Famous Quotations New American Cursive 2: Quotations from Famous Americans New American Cursive 3: Scripture & Lessons on Manners New American Cursive 3: Famous Quotes & Lessons on Manners

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N ew American Cursiv e

Startwrite CD $29.95

Create customizable worksheets in the New American Cursive font to integrate handwriting practice with any subject.

(Windows only)

Penmanship Practice with Wisdom Scriptures

by Iris Hatfield Grades 3+ $11.95

NEW

This easy-to-use supplemental resource for mastering a legible, attractive cursive enhances the pleasure of writing by practicing a different, inspiring wisdom Scripture each day. It also includes 50 helpful penmanship tips to improve cursive skills.

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Penmanship Copybooks I-III

by Cheryl & Leigh Lowe Grades K-2

$39.95 set (Copybooks I-III) $14.95 ea.

Copybooks include memory passages, copybook exercises, and drawing pages, incorporating Scripture from the King James Bible and classic children's poems.

Composition & Sketchbooks I-III Grades K-6

Ages 6-12 (chronological age or skill level)

II: 1/2" Ruled for 1st-2nd Grade Students

Copybook Cursive I-IV

III: College-Ruled for Older Students

(New American Cursive font)

Our Composition & Sketchbooks allow each student to write and illustrate compositions.

Copybook Cursive I is perfect for second graders alongside NAC 2 or older students needing more practice.

Copybook Cursive II includes Scripture passages from Christian Studies I, the 15 brightest stars from Astronomy, and the major gods from D'Aulaires' Greek Myths.

In Copybook Cursive III, students practice their penmanship with beautiful memory passages from Christian Studies II. The college-ruled lines of Copybook Cursive IV are perfect for older students honing their penmanship with the Scripture passages from Christian Studies III.

(New American Cursive font)

by Cheryl Swope

$8.50 ea.

I: 5/8" Ruled for Younger Students

Grades 1-6 | $14.95 ea.

My Thankfulness Journals

Beginner or Intermediate $8.50 ea.

These journals let students practice cursive while thinking about God's daily blessings in their lives. The Intermediate Journal has a smaller font size and less tracing.

My Nature Journal

Summer Cursive

by Cheryl Swope

Grades 1-2

Ages 4-11

$14.95 This workbook is designed as summer practice for rising second graders who have completed New American Cursive 1. It is arranged in lessons to be completed three times a week during the summer.

$8.95 Savor small moments of wonder with your child as he learns the simple beauty of nature. This book can stand alone as a delightful supplement to any program.

Cursive Practice Sheets I-III (New American Cursive font)

Aesop Copybook

Ages 6+

by Cheryl Swope

$14.95 ea.

Ages 9+

Our Cursive Practice Sheets include pages for practicing each cursive letter, Scripture copywork, and blank practice sheets. Book I is a good companion to NAC 1, Book II is extra practice for NAC 2, and Book III is wide-ruled for any older student who needs more practice.

$20 set (Fables and copybook) Aesop Copybook $8.95 Aesop's Fables $14.99 The Aesop Copybook is a lovely companion to Aesop’s Fables. It will strengthen your student's writing and composition skills while giving the opportunity to contemplate the timeless wisdom of Aesop's fables and learn from the gentle moral instruction they provide.

Penmanship Supplements Alphabet Wall Charts Available in Manuscript (blue) or Cursive (green)

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Alphabet Wall Poster

(11'' x 17'') | $14.95 ea.

Manuscript and New American Cursive

These visual aids reinforce each letter of the alphabet while young students learn to read and write or practice their penmanship. Each illustration is hand-drawn. The cursive charts use the New American Cursive font.

This poster lists the entire alphabet in manuscript and cursive. It is the perfect resource if you don't have the space for our alphabet wall charts.

(22'' x 34'') | $7.00

Penmanship

63

JUST

IC

TEMPER

E

AN

CE

by Jon Christianson

IT

F

E

UDEN

ITUD

PR

RT

C

O

E

is the prerogative of the Christian to reach for unreachable things. The Christian teacher seeks to guide others toward a life of virtue. That virtue can be taught, or for that matter, that it cannot be taught, presupposes how our efforts relate to it. What is virtue, then, such that we may strive for it?

To the Greeks, virtue was arete, moral excellence—a predisposition to act rightly. No good thought or good action is virtue on its own, but in concert, arete is evident in the cyclical reinforcement of the potential and the actual: A man who knows the good does better, and a man who does good knows better, and so on.

Before Christ, this was evident in four forms known as the cardinal virtues. Like the cardinal directions—north, south, east, west—the cardinal virtues are the simplest forms of virtue to which all other more particular virtues, like civility or chastity, can be reduced. They are not the binary opposite of equivalent vices, but rather a moderation between two equally undesirable extremes—the Golden Mean.

The first cardinal virtue, Prudence, judges the right course of action; it moderates between our opposing impulses to consider our choices carelessly (that is, in ignorance) or too carefully (with scrupulosity). The second, Fortitude, is doing what one ought to do; it moderates between our inclination to do nothing (cowardice) or too much (rashness). The third,

Temperance, is not doing what one ought not to do; it moderates between our inclination to deny nothing to ourselves (profligacy) or to deny everything to ourselves (austerity). The fourth, Justice, seeks the right relation to our fellow man; it moderates between prejudice for the self (selfishness or vain pride) and prejudice for the other (selflessness or vain humility).

These cardinal virtues are certainly learnable; they do not seek some spiritual infinite, but rather a Golden Mean between two finite and therefore achievable, if vicious, extremes. They are essentially worldly virtues, good insofar as the world can be good, and as we define them solely as ideals within merely human operations, human operation is enough to reach them.

Therefore, if any man can instruct another to grow in habitual excellence of any kind, such as mathematics or artful speech, then so too can a teacher afford for his students an ever greater predisposition to act rightly.

The question, then, is how.

Teaching the cardinal virtues has no formula, as their only object is the Golden Mean, which by definition has no distinct quantity but whatever is appropriate.

Therefore, like learning the use of a word, whose definition emerges as it is applied again and again to countless objects with common traits, the image of these virtues takes shape with exposure to their exercise in the stories of others. The distinction of these virtues grows with the difficulty of their application; a child recognizes temperance and fortitude in the simple parables of fair play evident in storybooks, while the adolescent seeks temperance and fortitude in the impossible plights of classical tragedy. In time, the classical student does not merely recognize virtue in prudent Odysseus or just Orestes, but in real-world quandaries sees a glimpse of Odysseus' prudence and Orestes' justice, which will lead him to the Golden Mean.

What, then, of those virtues that touch the infinite?

The gift of Easter morning was the promise of eternity; whereas the cardinal virtues govern the finite excellences of mortal men, what sort of virtues belong to immortal men, the consequences of whose virtue and vice now extend beyond their worldly lives? Such virtues must predispose man to a good beyond his own terrestrial means. These, set down in the earliest years of the Church, are the theological virtues—Faith, Hope, and Love—which have since become inseparable from the cardinal virtues in Christian classicism. Whereas the cardinal virtues seek moderation between the evils of deficit and excess, the theological virtues point ever toward an infinite good and away from an infinite evil.

Jon Christianson is the Latin director and editor at Memoria Press. He teaches Latin for the Memoria Press Online Academy and has taught Latin and classical literature at Highlands Latin School.

1-877-862-1097

As a virtue, Faith is not mere belief; it is a gift of spiritual assent to the truths of Revelation on the merits of God's own authority. While our natural faculty of reason may imperfectly comprehend the revealed truths of the Christian event, that we can affirm with perfect confidence its supernatural truth is a product of divine grace. As a virtue, Hope is not mere optimism in the face of an imperfect world; it is a supernatural assurance of one's salvation and everlasting life. The cardinal virtues alone make no assurance of eternity; it is only with this assurance that the Christian can await the resurrection with confidence. As a virtue, Love is not mere desire for the good of others for their own sake, but a will to cherish God for His own sake, and man for God's sake.

Faith, hope, and love are not virtues on their own; they are only good with a good object, and they are only divine with a divine object. Faith in a mortal teacher, hope in a worldly leader, or love of any good person or thing can be good insofar as those things direct us closer to God; an excess of such faith, however, leads past God into apostasy; of hope, into futility; of love, into idolatry. Of Faith in God, of Hope in God, and of Love of God, there is no excess. We cannot overreach when reaching for infinity.

How can one dare, much less achieve, an infinite quest? If the theological virtues are infinite predispositions to the good—that is, moral excellences that by definition exceed our own finite natures—how can we possibly learn them, much less teach them to others? Faith, Hope, and Love as theological virtues must be divine operations if they are infinite; therefore, if they should dwell within us in any way, it is not our own finite operation but the grace of a divine and infinite operator that makes it so.

However, lowercase faith, hope, and love—not as infinite virtues with an end that is endless, but as finite human operations with terrestrial objects—are quite available to man as such. Dante saw in the beauty and goodness of Beatrice an imperfect reflection of the divine, and through love of Beatrice grew in love of God. Practicing these things in the merely human degree, within the auspices of the cardinal virtues—prudent faith, courageous hope, temperate love—are acceptable domains in which we can grow, and help others to grow, in those finite excellences that, when imbued with the infinity of God's grace, might express with greater effect the virtues engendered in us by divine operation.

No man can roll his stone all the way to Paradise, and yet, with the assurance that Christ will save us from our toil, we roll our stones as best we can. As Dante turned to Beatrice, we turn to the moral exemplars of antiquity, and by their example we can learn and teach the Golden Mean of mortal things while growing in our capacity for the things of God. Reaching for Infinity

65

Literature

StoryTime Treasures

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StoryTime Treasures

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The Cricket in Times Square

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Dangerous Journey

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Literature 67

Literature

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Adam of the Road

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Literature

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Romeo & Juliet

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Literature

69

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The Moffats Grades 3-4

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Henry IV, Part 1 Grades 9+

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King Lear Grades 9+

The Merchant of Venice Grades 9+

Jane Eyre Grades 9+

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Student Guide $11.95 Teacher Guide $12.95 The Merchant of Venice $7.95

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The Magician's Nephew

by C. S. Lewis

Grad es 5- 7 Student Guide $11.95 Teacher Guide $12.95 The Magician's Nephew $9.99

To Kill a Mockingbird Grades 9+

Canterbury Tales

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Robinson Crusoe Grades 9+ Student Guide $11.95 Teacher Guide $12.95 Robinson Crusoe $10.00

70

Grades 9+

Literary and Rhetorical Terms Grades 9+ | $9.95 This handy companion book is a compilation of all the literary and rhetorical terms used in our upper school literature guides.

Poetry Poetry for the Primary Stage Grades K-2 | $9.95 Your child will be delighted by the whimsy and inspired by the beauty of the beloved poems in our Poetry for the Primary Stage anthology. These selections are perfect for family readaloud time or memorization practice.

Poetry for the Grammar Stage $42 set (student, teacher, anthology)

Grades 3-7 Student $14.95 Teacher $16.95 Anthology $15.95 Our illustrated anthology is the perfect companion for this study guide, which includes vocabulary work and comprehension questions, and beginning concepts of poetry analysis. Poems increase in difficulty as students move through the book in each year of the grammar stage.

Poetry & Short Stories: American Literature $45 set (student, teacher, anthology)

Grades 7+ Student $14.95 Teacher $16.95 Anthology $19.95 Revisit the Old World elegance of Irving's prose and the range of Poe's romanticism.

Enjoy the Fireside Poets—Longfellow, Whittier, and Holmes.

Rediscover the rich, varied authenticity of American literature with this anthology and study guide.

The British Tradition Poetry, Prose, & Drama (Book I): The Old English & Medieval Periods Poetry & Prose (Book II): The Elizabethan to the Neoclassical Age Poetry (Book III): The Romantic to the Victorian Age

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Teacher $16.95 ea.

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Did you ever wish you didn't have to sort through all the thousands of poems that have been written over the years to find the best of the best? Cheryl Lowe has done the work for you in these British poetry anthologies and accompanying study guides.

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71

Moral Illiteracy and the Case for Character Education

by William Kirk Kilpatrick

Why Telling Stories to Our Children Is the Best Kind of Character Education

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After Virtue, A l asd air Mac Inty re ob serv es that in al l c l assic al and heroic soc ieties, " the c hief means of moral ed uc ation is the tel l ing of stories. " In a real sense the heroes of the Iliad and the Odyssey w ere the moral tutors of the Greeks. L ikew ise A eneas w as the mod el of heroic piety on w hic h y oung R omans w ere nurtured . Ic el and ic and Irish c hil d ren w ere suc kl ed on sagas. A nd the C hristian w orl d , w hic h reaped the inheritanc e of b oth c l assic al and heroic soc ieties, c arried on this trad ition of moral ed uc ation w ith B ib l e stories, stories from the l iv es of saints, and stories of c hiv al ry . T o b e ed uc ated properl y was to know of Achilles and Odysseus, Hector and A eneas, and l ater to know of B eow ul f and A rthur and P erc iv al and the C hristian story of sal v ation.

T he tel l ing of stories d oes not seem to hol d a pl ac e of much importance in contemporary attempts at moral ed uc ation. In most A meric an and C anad ian sc hool s, the fav ored method s for d ev el oping moral aw areness are the moral reasoning approach of Harvard psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg and the values clarification approach developed by University of Massachusetts psy c hol ogist S id ney S imon and his c ol l eagues.

T hese mod el s rel y heav il y on group d isc ussion, anal y sis of c ompeting c l aims, and the d ev el opment of d ec ision- making skil l s. T he c l osest approx imation to a story is the presentation of a moral d il emma: a man c ontempl ates steal ing a d rug for his d y ing w ife; passengers on a found ering l ifeb oat d ec id e w hether to toss their fel l ow s ov erb oard and w ho shoul d b e sacrificed; survivors in a fallout shelter debate whether to ad mit outsid ers to their sanc tuary .

It w il l b e apparent at onc e that there are important differences between these modern "fables" and the old ones. And the differences give us a clue to the differences in thinking that animate the mod ern as opposed to the c l assic al and C hristian approac hes to moral ed uc ation.

The first difference is that no attempt is made to delineate c harac ter in the moral d il emma, w hereas c harac ter is ev ery thing in the heroic story . In the saga or epic , ev ery thing rev ol v es around the c harac ter of the hero— w hether he ex erc ises, or fail s to ex erc ise, the v irtues. B ut the c harac ters in the d il emmas hav e no c harac ters, onl y decisions to make. Both Heinz (the man in the purloined d rug d il emma) and U l y sses must aid their w iv es, b ut there the comparison ends. Heinz is no Ulysses. He is a blank, a cipher. He is there because he is needed to illiam Kirk Kilpatrick is the author of several books including Wh y J ohnny C an' t T el l R ight from Wr ong. His commentary on cultural and educational topics has appeared in F irst T hings, American Educator, T he L os A ngel es T imes, and various scholarly journals.

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present a d il emma. W e hav e no interest in him, onl y in his c ase. O ne c annot imagine parents passing d ow n to their children the saga of Heinz and the stolen drug.

The second difference is this: The actors in the d il emmas are not tied to any soc ial partic ul arities— traditions, loyalties, locations, or histories. True, Heinz is attached to his wife, but there is no indication why he shoul d b e. W e know w hy U l y sses is eager to return to P enel ope, sinc e her v irtues are c areful l y enumerated . A s in al l the ol d stories the hero' s d eed s are rooted in l oy al ty , not onl y to homel and and trib e, b ut al so to hearth— essential d etail s that are ab sent from the d il emmas.

W hat is impl ied in this approac h is that partic ul ar l ov es and l oy al ties— the kind that make for a good story — are l argel y irrel ev ant to moral issues. O ne c an somehow d ispense w ith the prel ud e of moral partic ul arities and l eap right into the arena of univ ersal princ ipl es. T he assumption is that the kernel of good moral j ud gment l ies in ab strac t d ev otion to ab strac t princ ipl es. In K ohl b erg' s sc heme, w here j ustic e is the sol e guid ing princ ipl e, one must l eav e mother and father, w ife and husb and , and c l eav e to the princ ipl e of J ustic e w ith a c apital J . Moreov er, there is the suggestion that d ev otion to father and mother or attachment between wife and husb and may hav e nothing to d o w ith the pursuit of j ustic e. A s in so muc h c ontemporary psy c hol ogy , the c entral c onc ern is w ith the autonomous ind iv id ual .

The third difference between the old stories and the new d il emmas is that the new stories, properl y speaking, d o not hav e end ings. T hey are open- end ed , unfinished. They await your judgment. What should the shelter survivors do next? ou decide. Was Heinz right to steal the d rug? Y ou d ec id e. T here is, in short, no sense that the story is ever complete or definitive.

It' s up for grab s and w il l b e again nex t y ear w ith the nex t c l ass. Y ou c an d o w hat y ou w ant w ith these stories; y ou c annot w ith the Odyssey. T here is no sense in these stories of a l ife ful l y l iv ed or a mission c ompl eted . A l l of w hic h amounts to say ing that they are not stories after al l . T he ol d story tel l ing approac h to moral ed uc ation has b een repl ac ed w ith something new .

T he new approac h is one from w hic h the c onc epts of c harac ter and v irtue are entirel y missing. F rom its point of v iew , the l ife of a man is env isioned not as a personal story in w hic h ac c umul ated hab its and ac tions may ev entual l y hard en into v irtue or v ic e, b ut as a d isc onnec ted series of ethic al and other d il emmas— al l amenab l e to rational sol ution. If w e return to the heroic , c l assic al , and C hristian stories, w e c an see how stark this c ontrast is and how rad ic al l y nov el the new approac h is.

A nd al though the c urrent tec hniq ues of moral ed uc ation are largely the offspring of psychologists, we may note that the anc ients had a more profound grasp of the psy c hol ogy und erl y ing moral ed uc ation.

Moral I lliteracy and the Case for Character Education

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to point to ex ampl es of moral w isd om and moral c ourage T he tel l ing of stories— as opposed to the presentation beyond themselves. Hence the reliance on heroic stories of open-ended dilemmas—implies first of all that adults as the emb od iment of c ul tural id eal s. W hen v irtues hav e something to pass on to c hil d ren, a v al uab l e hav e fal l en into d esuetud e, the need for stories ab out inheritanc e that c hil d ren might not c ome b y on their v irtuous and c ourageous men, w omen, and c hil d ren ow n. T his is easy enough to ac c ept ab out other c ul tures. b ec omes more ac ute. A w are of this, L ew is c reated in he " If w e w ere anthropol ogists ob serv ing memb ers of a Chronicles of Narnia l iterature of v irtue of the ty pe that trib e," w rites A nd rew O l d enq uist, " it w oul d b e the most c an b e c onsid ered b oth ex empl ar of and preparation natural thing in the w orl d to ex pec t them to teac h their for a mature moral ity . T hey c ertainl y seem to emb od y moral ity and c ul ture to their c hil d ren and , moreov er, A ristotl e' s d ic tum that the aim of ed uc ation is to make to think that they had a perfec t right to d o so … . " If the pupil l ike and d isl ike w hat he ought. w e ob serv ed , he c ontinues, that a soc iety fail ed to S tories of V irtue, F ortitud e, and J ustic e c an and d o these things, w e w oul d c onc l ud e that they w ere shoul d pl ay a c entral part in the formation of good " ruined , pitiab l e, al ienated from their ow n v al ues, and hab it, that is, in the formation of c harac ter. S tories on the w ay out. " A s I say , this is easy enough to see for prov id e a w ay of hab ituating c hil d ren to v irtue. T hey other c ul tures, b ut w hen it c omes to our ow n, a c ertain hel p to instil l proper sentiments. T hey reinforc e inhib ition against c ul tural transmission sets in. A ind irec tl y the more ex pl ic it moral teac hing of famil y , perv asiv e mental ity of nond irec tiv eness and sub j ec tiv eness d ic tates that w e d on' t hav e the right to impose our v al ues on our c hil d ren. A nd c onseq uentl y , w e are forc ed to create the fiction that each child Stories of Virtue, Fortitude, and Justice is in his ow n right a miniature S oc rates— a moral phil osopher, can and should play a central part in as K ohl b erg w oul d hav e it. the formation of good habit, that is, in T he trad it ional v iew is that ad ul ts d o possess a moral the formation of character. treasure, and that to d epriv e c hil d ren of it w oul d in itsel f show a l ac k of v irtue. W e d o not, to d raw a rough anal ogy , w ait until our c hil d ren hav e reac hed c hurc h, and sc hool . T hey prov id e al so a d efense against the age of reason b efore suggesting that they b rush their the rel entl ess proc ess of d esensitiz ation that goes on in teeth. But sooner or later children will be able to figure mod ern soc ieties. A nd they prov id e a stand ard against out for themsel v es that b rushing is a prud ent prac tic e. w hic h erosion of stand ard s c an b e measured .

T his is not nec essaril y true of moral prac tic es. T he moral In ad d ition, stories ex pand the imagination. Moral treasure c an b e ac q uired onl y in a c ertain w ay . A nd if it development is not simply a matter of becoming more is not ob tained in that w ay , it is not possessed at al l . T his rational or ac q uiring d ec ision- making skil l s. It has to d o is w hy A ristotl e said that onl y those w ho hav e b een w el l w ith v ision, the w ay one l ooks at l ife. Ind eed , moral ev il b rought up c an useful l y stud y ethic s. A nd w hy P l ato and sin are sometimes d esc rib ed b y theol ogians as an maintained that the w el l - b red y outh is nurtured from inab il ity to see rightl y . C onv ersel y , moral improv ement his earl iest d ay s to l ov e the Good and the B eautiful " so is often d esc rib ed as the resul t of seeing things in a that w hen R eason at l ength c omes to him, then b red as different light or seeing them for the first time. "I was he has b een, he w il l hol d out his hand s in w el c ome and b l ind b ut now I see" is more than a l ine from an ol d recognize her because of the affinity he bears to her." hy mn; it is the w ay a great many peopl e l ook at their W hat, then, is the proper form of ed uc ation in moral grow th. T he transformation of the moral l ife is regard to moral ity ? It is, nec essaril y , an initiation, " men rarely effected without a transformation of imagination. transmitting manhood to men," as C. S. Lewis puts It fol l ow s that one of the c entral tasks of moral ed uc ation it. A nd this is b est ac c ompl ished not b y d irec t moral is to nourish the imagination w ith ric h and pow erful ex hortation b ut ind irec tl y through ex ampl e and prac tic e. images of the kind found in stories, my ths, poems, O ne c annot hav e c l asses in moral ed uc ation. It is, rather, b iography , and d rama. If w e w ish our c hil d ren to grow more l ike an apprentic e l earning from a master. up w ith a d eep and ad eq uate v ision of l ife, w e must Y et, ev en in the most v irtuous of soc ieties, ad ul ts, prov id e a ric h fund for them to d raw on. rec ogniz ing their ow n shortc omings, hav e seen the need 74

Moral I lliteracy and the Case for Character Education

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