FAMU USRS 2025 Digital Program

The FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research

The Office of Undergraduate Research (OUR) seeks to increase the number of students participating in and completing mentored undergraduate research and internship opportunities by collaborating with FAMU’s colleges and schools as well as external entities. These opportunities are designed to encourage and motivate undergraduate students to fully leverage these unique extensions of their academic careers. It is our intention, as a result of these experiences, to better position students to enter the workforce with applied knowledge and skills essential to their success. ���������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������� https://our.famu.edu/ https://our.famu.edu ���� ������������������������������������������– ������������������������������������

Research Symposium Symposium Purpose (SAME) Purpose Research The Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) Undergraduate Research Symposium (URS) provides a platform for undergraduate students to showcase their research, creative work, and academic achievements to a broader audience. This URS allows students to engage in scholarly discourse, network with peers and professionals, and develop communication and presentation skills. Our undergraduates have an opportunity to foster a culture of collaboration and innovation among undergraduates by encouraging interdisciplinary dialogue and promoting the sharing of ideas across fields.

Consequently, the FAMU Undergraduate Research Symposium helps inspire and recognize our undergraduates' academic and intellectual accomplishments while providing a valuable opportunity for personal and professional growth.

About FLorida A&M (Update)

Founded October 3, 1887, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) is a public, historically Black university located in Tallahassee, Florida. What distinguishes FAMU from other universities is its legacy of providing access to a high-quality, affordable education with programs and services that guide students toward successfully achieving their dreams. FAMU is part of the State University System of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

I n addition to the main Tallahassee campus, FAMU has several satellite campuses across Florida. These include the College of Law in Orlando and the College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, which has sites in Crestview, Tampa, Jacksonville, and Miami.

Quick Facts •Enrolls nearly 10,000 students from across the United States and more than 70 countries.

•020-2021 Academic Profile (Admitted First Time in College Students) – 3.67 GPA / 23 ACT •Retention Rate 82% / Acceptance Rate 30% •One-third of summer and fall 2020 incoming students majored in S.T.E.A.M. Accolades Florida A&M University earned multiple spots on the badge-eligible list of the U.S. News & World Report 2025 Best Colleges because of its high rankings: •National Universities #152 •Top Public Schools - National Universities #81 •Best Value - National Universities #87 •Social Mobility - National Universities #20 •Historically Black Colleges and Universities #3 •Best Undergraduate Computer Science #214 •Best Undergraduate Psychology #249 •Best Undergraduate Nursing #254 •23 degree programs ranked in top 10 •Number 1 HBCU for Research and Development (National Science Foundation) •Named Fulbright HBCU Institutional Leader

April 10, 2025 Tiffany W. Ardley, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry Director, Office of Undergraduate Research Director, BSPS Degree Program College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Florida A&M University Tallahassee, FL 32307 Dr. Ardley: With great pride, I am writing to support the funded “Developing an Undergraduate Research Program” activity and the 2025 Undergraduate Research Symposium. Undergraduate research is an essential cornerstone for students to participate in research that will lead to scientific advances in the future. The symposium is a starting point for many students to engage in research at the undergraduate level. Florida A&M University (FAMU) is always willing to support student research. Over the years, through your leadership, FAMU has done well in undergraduate research.

The research and presentations are the capstone of things to come and future support in keeping this initiative part of the FAMU culture. The Office of Title III is pleased and honored that Title III funding has played a significant role in students’ ability to experience research and research methods as undergraduates.

What students experience now will better prepare them for the future.

As a Senior Leadership Team (SLT) member at FAMU, I must support programs that allow students to succeed at all research levels and research methods as another form of learning. These research methods help students willing to continue at FAMU once they obtain their bachelor’s degree.

The 2025 Undergraduate Research Symposium is an excellent opportunity for students and a great opportunity to showcase FAMU students’ efforts. The 2025 Undergraduate Research Symposium will be a proud movement in history for Florida A&M University.

To the students, thank you for all your hard work; well done!

Sincerely,

Erick Akins, Ph.D., Executive Director Office of Title III

April 10, 2025 Dear Students, Faculty, and Guests, It is with great pride and excitement that I welcome you to the 2025 Undergraduate Student Research Symposium. This annual event celebrates the intellectual curiosity, dedication, and creativity of our undergraduate scholars, and it is a true highlight of the academic year.

This symposium represents months—sometimes years—of hard work, perseverance, and collaboration between students and their faculty mentors. The research presented here spans a wide array of disciplines, reflecting the rich diversity of thought and inquiry across our campus. Each project embodies the essence of discovery and innovation.

Undergraduate research is more than an academic exercise—it is a transformative experience. It teaches students how to ask meaningful questions, pursue answers with rigor, and share their findings with clarity and confidence. These are skills that serve our students well beyond the classroom and prepare them to be leaders in their fields and engaged citizens of the world.

To our student presenters: congratulations on reaching this milestone. Your work inspires us, and we are honored to celebrate your achievements today.

To our research mentors, staQ, and all who have supported these students along the way: thank you for your unwavering dedication. Your guidance and encouragement are instrumental in fostering a culture of research and scholarship.

And to our guests and audience members: thank you for joining us. Your presence reinforces the importance of supporting and recognizing the contributions of our student researchers.

On behalf of the OQice of Undergraduate Research, thank you for being a part of this special day. I invite you to explore, engage, and enjoy the incredible work on display.

With warm regards,

Director of Undergraduate Research Florida A&M University

Honors Center (SAME AS LAST YEAR)

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The School of Allied Health Sciences is dedicated to turning passion into purpose, empowering students to lead and innovate in the healthcare industry.

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Florida A&M University 2025 Undergraduate Research Symposium Program Poster Setup

10:00 AM

Opening Session 10:30 AM Welcome

Tiffany W. Ardley, Ph.D. Associate Professor & Director Office of Undergraduate Research

Greetings

Donald Palm, Ph.D. Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer Allyson Watson, Ph.D. Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs

Program Overview

Brandon Moton, DrPH, MPH Division Director & Assistant Professor, Division of Health Science

Poster Presentations & Judging 11:00 AM -12:30 PM Judges Finalize Scoring

12:30-12:45 PM

Lunch

1:00-1:50 PM – Lawson Concourse

Closing Session 2:00 PM Award Presentations

Jennifer Collins, Ph.D. Associate Provost, First Year Studies & Academic Excellence

Closing Remarks

Tiffany W. Ardley, Ph.D. Associate Professor & Director Office of Undergraduate Research

Florida A&M University 2025 Undergraduate Student Research Symposium Poster Presentations

April 10, 2025 – 11:00 AM-12:30 PM Alfred Lawson Multipurpose Center Concourse Name of Presenter Boose-Flowers, Gabriela Ellis, Jasmine Fisher II, Christopher Hills, Kennedi King, Qiara Pierce, Symone Price, Jada Simmons, Rachelle Thompson, Keniya Cherry, Shamya & McClellan, Tyson Hardman, Christopher & Rodriguez, Jahnaiy Harris, Delya & Pierre, Ny'lah Haynes, Alexis Israel, JerJuan Jackson, Kamryn Lindsey, Rachel Lubin, Samantha Nance, Taylor Robinson, Daniel & Wiggan, Tracey-Ann Thermeus, Erykah Thomas, Latonia Anderson, Kennedy Banks, Trinity Beeker, Sydney Brown, Madison Burton, Hannah Carreia, Xyonna

Abstract # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

General Research Area Behavioral & Social Sciences Behavioral & Social Sciences Behavioral & Social Sciences Behavioral & Social Sciences Behavioral & Social Sciences Behavioral & Social Sciences Behavioral & Social Sciences Behavioral & Social Sciences Behavioral & Social Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences Health Sciences STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM

Florida A&M University 2025 Undergraduate Student Research Symposium Poster Presentations

April 10, 2025 – 11:00 AM-12:30 PM Alfred Lawson Multipurpose Center Concourse Name of Presenter Chatman, Keiondra Conley, Roderick Crosse, Johnathan Dalcima, Jouvens DeSouza, Amari Duke, Tia Eniola, Danielle Francis, Noah Francis, Aaron Gaines, Brandon Garrett, Dene George, Kemoi Gibson, Danae Gintz, Niyah Hagins, Emmani Harrell, Xavier Hayes, Carah Hayes, Kennedy Henry, Ryan Israel, JerMeny Johnson, Assata Johnson, Amber Jones, Jamykal Jones, O'Tisha Joseph, Gileah King, Qiara Lawson, Dominique

Abstract #

General Research Area

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM

Florida A&M University 2025 Undergraduate Student Research Symposium Poster Presentations

April 10, 2025 – 11:00 AM-12:30 PM Alfred Lawson Multipurpose Center Concourse Name of Presenter Long, Emori Magloire, Carneisha Matthews, Lauren Meeks, Kendyl Monsanto, Joi Moore, McKenzie Morris, Kayla Nicholas, Neillia Omeke, Samuel Quant, Bliss Rosales, Rosemarie Rose, JeNina Ross, Naria Shaw, Kailar Simmons, Raven Stoney, Lauryn Stroud, McClain Taylor, Jada Thomas, Janelle Veal, Ti’Liyah Williams, Taylor

Abstract # 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

General Research Area STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM STEM

1 Interdisciplinary Studies: Programmatic Outcomes Gabriela Boose-Flowers and Merlin R. Langley, PhD College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities merlin.langley@famu.edu The purpose of the program evaluation study was to assess the effectiveness of academic programs and the advisement process in supporting the professional development and career interests of students in the Division of Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS). IDS is a degree completion program at Florida A&M University (FAMU). IDS is required to collect data related to the effectiveness of the academic programs and the advisement process to complete their college education and to support their professional development post-graduation. The Interdisciplinary Studies Student Exit Survey (IDSES) was developed using Qualtrics to assess student’s perceptions of the effectiveness of academic programs and the academic advisement process to complete their college education and to support their professional development post-graduation. To date, IDS has graduated approximately 1, 600 students. The university policy is to delete the contact information (emails and addresses) of alumni. In spring 2025, IDS implemented a process requiring candidates for graduation to complete an exit survey related to their perceptions of the effectiveness of academic programs, advisement process and career options post-graduation. At present, IDS has collected data on approximately sixty (60) students who are expecting to graduate in May 2025. IDS will use the results of the IDSES to (a) expand academic programs and increase the effectiveness of the advisement process, (b) request additional human and technological resources, (c) develop program specific learning outcomes and (d) enhance data collection protocol and procedures related to programmatic and student learning outcomes.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

2 The Role Social Factors Play in Mental Health Jasmine Ellis Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University jasmine5.ellis@famu.edu

This study examines the mental health impacts of microaggressions on Black college students, specifically exploring how these subtle, everyday instances of racism affect their psychological well-being. Microaggressions, defined as “the thinly veiled, everyday instances of racism, homophobia, sexism, and other forms of discrimination” (Limbong, 2020), are pervasive in the lives of marginalized groups, particularly people of color. This research aims to understand the cumulative effects of these microaggressions on Black students as they navigate their academic and social environments. To gain insight into this issue, surveys were distributed through various social media platforms such as Instagram, GroupMe, and Facebook, which enabled the collection of data from a wide range of participants. The study utilized three key measurement tools: the Racial Ethnic Microaggression Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Support. The results of the study revealed a significant positive relationship between experiences of microaggressions and lower self-esteem, as well as an increase in depressive symptoms among Black college students. These findings suggest that the persistent exposure to microaggressions may contribute to a sense of alienation, emotional distress, and a negative self-image. The research highlights the importance of addressing these issues in academic settings and underscores the need for greater awareness and systemic change to foster a more inclusive and supportive environment for Black students. Ultimately, this study provides a deeper understanding of the emotional toll microaggressions take on young African Americans, particularly in higher education and places an emphasis on making an effort to remedy these hostile environments so that Black students can succeed in their academic endeavors

3 The Link Between Poverty and Mental Health; Analysing the Impact of Low-Income Generations and what we can do Over Time Christopher A. Fisher II; Katrice Hill; Antrel D. Rackley; Kayln Haynes.

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Dominique.bailey@famu.edu

From country to country and person to person poverty can have many different looks and connotations. Poverty is defined as being in the state of extremely poor conditions we researched how living in poverty has a huge impact on your health. The different continents we researched were Brazil, Denmark, and the United States. For our research Brazil was the country facing the highest levels of poverty in the population (exceeding 20%!) which directly effects the mental health of those living in weaker economic zones. Despite Denmark having free healthcare and very low levels of poverty, the country is still facing severe mental health challenges in its population.

And for the United States, although it has moderate levels of poverty, data has shown that the increasing number of people facing economic challenges directly relates to an increase in mental health problems as well since they cannot afford existing resources. Through comparing the data of different levels of poverty rates, measuring each country’s efforts to improve them, and how poverty effects other aspects of community and youth development, this research will highlight the effects of poverty and what we can do to improve low-income communities worldwide.

4

The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Somatic Symptoms Among African Americans Kennedi N. Hills, Dr. Gwendolyn L. Singleton College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Kennedi1.hills@famu.edu

Abstract: Throughout the years African American communities have faced a multitude of socioeconomic challenges. These challenges have proved to have negative somatic effects on individuals in these communities. As these individuals continue to experience traumatic events, they continue to develop lifelong health issues. The objective of this review was to advance knowledge about the nature of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and somatic symptoms experienced in African Americans. It is hypothesized that adverse childhood experiences are positively related to somatic symptoms later in life. Snowball sampling was used to recruit 710 predominantly college-aged students who completed a survey examining somatic symptoms and adverse childhood experiences. There is a positive correlation between adverse childhood experiences and somatic symptoms. Trauma manifests in physical symptomatology.

Moving forward, this research is poised to revolutionize stress management for individuals and underscore the critical significance of mental health, especially among young African American adults. Beyond that, this study will illuminate the intricate biological mechanisms inherent in African Americans, thereby combating misinformation surrounding the African American body within the medical realm. To delve deeper into this understanding, further research will be conducted, specifically exploring the implications of epigenetics and the intricate interplay of socioeconomic factors that contribute to heightened stress levels in the African American community.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

5

Succession of Forensically Important Coleoptera in North Florida Qiara Tangela King : Keniya Jenaya Thompson College of Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University qiara1.king@famu.edu

Abstract: This study examines the succession of forensically important Coleoptera in North Florida. Forensic entomology is the study of insects used to aid criminal investigations. Using decomposing deer as a human surrogate, we studied Coleoptera succession during decomposition, focusing on beetle appearances at various decomposition stages. This research is significant for law enforcement as it helps estimate Postmortem Interval (PMI) and potential body movement.

Beetles from the order Coleoptera were studied across three seasons: winter, fall, and summer.

Seven families were examined: Silphidae, Trogidae, Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Scarabidae, Nitidulidae, and Dermestidae. These families help assess the predictability and similarity of succession. The study was conducted at Florida A&M University’s campuses using deer carcasses from Florida’s Wildlife Commission’s veterinary headquarters. Materials used included funnels, killing jars, collection jars, ethyl acetate, and forceps. Fall traps were placed near decomposing deer to collect Coleoptera while preventing interference from other insects. Collected beetles were placed in kill jars with ethyl acetate, then transferred to collection jars before being hand-picked and classified under a microscope. Data were recorded in Excel and analyzed using ANOSIM and Past-four. ANOSIM results showed that values within groups were more similar, while values between groups showed separation. Past-four results indicated that Histeridae and Silphidae had the highest values, while Dermestidae and Scarabidae had the lowest, signifying their respective roles in decomposition. In conclusion, the findings suggest succession patterns remain consistent across seasons, but further research and more data are needed to strengthen these findings. More data will increase reliability and confidence.

6 Bias in the Legal System Symone Pierce, Cameron Boateng, Tiyahnna Reid, Jayda Hawkins, Florida Agriculture & Mechanical University Dominique.bailey@famu.edu

Our Topic “Racial Bias in the Legal System” focuses on the injustice of black African Americans in America, South Africa, Norway, and Finland.We researched different cases and data, revealing prejudice amongst different races across the world. For research, we used reliable sourced from Google Scholar and compared results. We analyzed the incarnation rates of African Americans and compared to other racial groups in America. Additionally, we examined how individuals of different races are sentenced for the same crime but with drastically different sentence, highlighting the disparities in the justice system. From the data and research, we have collected, we found that racial bias is still an ongoing issue. The United States has a 30% racial bias, while South Africa has the highest rate of 45% and Finland has the lowest being 10%. Black men in America are more likely to get arrested than white or Hispanic men. We also found that racial bias is not necessarily explicit and people who have core values of racial equality can still be racially bias. Furthermore, we concluded that there is a substantial amount of bias within the legal system of the United States. As we interpreted the data from all our research, it was clear that African American individuals are being disproportionately abused by the system compared to any other race after taking arrest rates, racial bias rates, and the degree of sentencing into consideration. This conclusion led us to solutions such as discouraging hate crime in the legal system and using other countries’ governments as examples.

7 Platforms of Power: Analyzing the Political Effects of Social Media Jada L Price; Lauren M Richardson; Jaden M Watford; Jayden S Victorian; Ciara A Eveque Florida A & M University Jada4.price@famu.edu

This paper explores the political effects of social media across six countries—United States, New Zealand, Singapore, Denmark, India, and South Korea—focusing on how platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube influence voting patterns and political engagement. While social media serves as a powerful tool for information-sharing and mobilization, it also presents risks through the spread of misinformation, propaganda, and biased reporting. The analysis of usage and influence data across these nations reveals a clear trend: higher rates of social media usage correlate with a stronger influence on voter behavior. By comparing political climates and regulations, the paper examines both the empowering and harmful effects of these platforms. For example, South Korea’s youth-led digital activism contrasts with Singapore’s tightly regulated online speech. In the United States, a polarized media landscape allows bias and misinformation to shape public perception. Recommendations include implementing transparent algorithm policies, strengthening fact-checking procedures, and considering India’s self-regulatory approaches to balance free speech and misinformation control. Ultimately, this research argues that while social media is a pivotal force in modern politics, its impact on democratic processes depends on how information is created, consumed, and moderated.

8

The Impact of Prison Reform in the United States, Denmark, South Korea Rachelle Simmons, Adora Barnes, Destiny Caffey, Kamaya Campbell Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University E-mail of corresponding author: kamaya1.campbell@famu.edu, rachelle1.simmons@famu.edu, destiny1.caffey@famu.edu, adora1.barnes@famu.edu

Prison reform is a renowned global issue that many countries attempt to tackle in efforts to positively restructure rehabilitation programs for prison reform. This research study examines prison reform initiatives across three countries; The United States, Denmark, and South Korea, and how their approaches to reducing their recidivism rates affect the prison system. The United States, having the highest recidivism rate, uses a more abrasive and strict approach through its strict and punitive policies. These policies include The First Step Act and The Last Mile Program.

Denmark, in comparison, sticks with a more holistic approach accentuating rehabilitation and the re-engagement with society, with educational and vocational training, and focus on streamlining prison life to correspond to reality. South Korea has produced technological reform that has led toe the incorporation of AI driven monitoring systems along with policies that aim to reduce overcrowding through the revision of parole. While Denmark prioritizes social integration and low rates of recidivism, the US has faced challenges that include racial discrepancies and the implementation of private prisons. South Korea has managed to display harmony between security efforts and rehabilitation but still struggles with fully implementing policies that progress to a more social outcome. This evaluative analysis underlines the effectiveness of rehabilitative programs versus disciplinary programs and underscores the necessity for global synergy in the creation of humane correctional programs. Research suggests that combining Denmarks humanistic approach with South Korea’s technological achievements could improve e the recidivism rates in the US and many other countries as well.

9 Succession of Forensically Important Coleoptera in North Florida Keniya J. Thompson, Qiara T. King College of Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities Lee.bushong@famu.edu

Succession is a natural process through which waves of insects colonize and decompose animal remains in a predictable sequence. This process is a critical tool in forensic entomology, aiding in the estimation of the time of death (Ko, 2021). Coleoptera, commonly known as beetles, are the largest insect order and are characterized by the presence of hardened forewings called elytra (Byrd & Tomberlin, 2020). In forensic entomology, the study of Coleoptera succession provides valuable data for determining the post-mortem interval. Research in this area examines the appearance of specific beetle species at various stages of decomposition, offering potential applications in criminal investigations. For instance, a study on the succession of forensically significant Coleoptera tracked beetle populations over a 15-day period as goat carcasses decomposed, highlighting species distribution patterns (Singh & Bala, 2019). During succession there can be different environmental factors that can influence the time that these beetles are present. For example, factors like soil structure, moisture, temperature, and vegetation are important for where Hister beetles are found (Correa et al, 2018). Because of this, clown beetle diversity and species richness are much higher in tropical areas than in temperate zones (Pearson & Cassola, 1992; Cassola & Pearson, 2000). This research builds upon these findings by comparing the succession rates of Coleoptera observed in previous studies on deer carcasses across different seasons, with the goal of refining forensic methods for estimating the time of death through succession.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

10 The Rise Of Mental Health Issues Among Adolescents In Brazil Shamya L Cherry, Tyson R Mcclellan, Kayla N Massey, Chloe S Milton Williams Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, School of Allied Health Shamya1.cherry@famu.edu, tyson1.mcclellan@famu.edu, chloe1.willans@famu.edu, kayla1.massey@famu.edu

Brazil's mental health services have historically been underfunded, relying on large, overcrowded facilities that provided inadequate care. Today, the country faces a rising mental health crisis, exacerbated by urban stress, economic inequality, and social stigma. One particularly concerning aspect of this crisis is the increasing prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among teenagers, with limited access to testing and treatment, especially in low-income communities. Without proper support, adolescents with ADHD face higher risks of social isolation, academic failure, and other mental health disorders, including anxiety and depression. Our initiative, Striking Out: Adolescent Mental Health Support Initiative, aims to address these challenges through a structured educational program tailored to different age groups. We focus on emotional literacy for elementary students and stress management for middle and high school students. Using interactive learning strategies such as role-playing, art projects, and peer-led discussions, we ensure engagement while offering hybrid delivery options to accommodate privacy preferences. Collaboration with therapists and educators ensures age-appropriate content, while partnerships with schools, mental health organizations, and local universities provide access to expertise and support services. Additionally, the initiative seeks financial support from global health foundations, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, to sustain its efforts. By integrating with existing community-based mental health services like Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), our program aims to reduce hospitalization rates, promote social reintegration, and improve mental health outcomes for Brazilian youth. This initiative presents a scalable model for addressing adolescent mental health issues in underserved regions, demonstrating the critical need for structured, community-driven interventions.

11

Dengue Virus in Rural Brazil: Complications and Solutions Jahnaiy M. Rodriguez: Christopher W. Hardman: Loren K. Richardson: Ja’el L. Ferguson: Daizjah M. Kelly Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University

jahnaiy1.rodriguez@famu.edu: christopher1.hardman@famu.edu

The Dengue virus in rural Brazil presents a major health crisis. The rural communities of Brazil such as the North and Northeast regions are most affected by the virus, due to their lack of proper resources, information, and funding for vaccines. Thus, this scarcity severely disadvantages Brazilian rural communities leading to their high rates of contraction of the virus. Conducting our research, we partook in a global research initiative, where we coordinated with Professor Nieves a Brazilian professor to gain a first-hand account and utilized credible articles discussing the complications of the Dengue virus, then developing a course of action to combat its contraction in underserved regions. After conducting research on the complications of Dengue, we sought for solutions to aid the rural communities in Brazil by facilitating an intervention to support in combatting the virus. Analysis of data, led to the solution of creating a program intervention called Dengue Prevention for All which aims to form an information campaign, educating the affected population on the virus’s transmission, the effects, and prevention strategies including television segments and posters. Additionally, we will partner with local clinics providing easy accessibility for vaccines through mobile vaccination stations, and partner with the world mosquito program to help push our programs initiatives. Subsequently, learning the effects of the dengue virus within rural communities of Brazil, we developed a profound desire to assist the residents in their suffrage of the virus that has afflicted their community for decades, exhibiting the cruciality of our research.

12

HIV 101: Understanding the Virus and Prevention Strategies Ny’Lah J. Pierre, Delya E. Harris School of Allied Health Sciences, Florida A&M University Email: nylah.1.pierre@famu.edu, delya1.harris@famu.edu

HIV remains a critical global health issue, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities due to stigma, misinformation, and barriers to prevention and treatment. Despite medical advancements, misconceptions about HIV transmission and treatment continue to hinder prevention efforts, leading to persistent infection rates. This study explores how education and public health campaigns influence awareness, attitudes, and behavioral change regarding HIV prevention. The research employs a qualitative approach, incorporating literature reviews and case studies to assess the effectiveness of targeted interventions, including school-based programs, social media initiatives, and grassroots community outreach. Findings indicate that culturally relevant educational initiatives significantly improve understanding, reduce stigma, and encourage proactive health behaviors such as routine testing, safer sexual practices, and increased use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, challenges remain in ensuring widespread access to these resources, particularly in low-income and underserved areas. These results emphasize the necessity of expanding public health outreach, refining educational strategies, and implementing policies that promote equitable healthcare access. By addressing these gaps, this research contributes to ongoing efforts to reduce HIV transmission and improve health outcomes in vulnerable populations. The presentation will discuss effective intervention models and advocate for evidence-based strategies that can be tailored to specific communities. This study highlights the importance of education as a tool for empowerment and public health advancement, demonstrating that informed communities are better equipped to combat the HIV epidemic. Strengthening educational outreach and fostering open discussions are crucial steps toward reducing stigma and achieving better health equity.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

13 Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceptions Towards Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Among College Students Alexis Haynes, Kayman N. Robinson, Te’yona Wilkerson, Samantha Lubin Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health 1415 South Martin Luther King Jr Blvd Tallahassee, FL 32307 Dr. Ukamaka D. Smith

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) often asymptomatic but can lead to precancerous lesions. Despite its status as the top STI in the US, with around 79 million Americans affected, HPV vaccination rates among adolescents and minority populations remain low. This study aimed to explore the relationship between HPV health literacy, vaccination barriers, and vaccination status at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Employing a mixed methods approach, we conducted a quantitative survey alongside qualitative focus groups. The 53-item pre-intervention survey, designed using Qualtrics software, assessed participants' knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of HPV. Factors such as demographics, healthcare access, and social norms were evaluated. Eligible participants, aged 1826 and enrolled as students, were recruited through diverse channels including university email lists, bulletin boards, and social media platforms. A QR code linked directly to the survey was utilized for easy access. Standardized captions and scripts were employed to minimize bias during survey dissemination. All activities were conducted using a HIPAA-compliant survey platform, ensuring privacy and confidentiality. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University. The study aims to shed light on HPVrelated health literacy and vaccination behaviors among young adults at HBCUs, ultimately contributing to targeted interventions to improve vaccination uptake and reduce HPV-related health disparities.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

14 3D Printing of Gastro-Retentive Cannabinoid Tablets JerJuan Israel; Thanh Dinh; Leeshawn Thomas Florida A&M University, College of Science and Technology; College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences & IPH JerJuan1.israel@famu.edu

Cannabidiol is one of the non-psychoactive components of the Cannabis sativa plant that are under clinical trials for several diseases including diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy can be painful and pain management is an important part of treatment. The aim of this research is to develop a 3D printable filament with encapsulated drug that will then be fabricated in tablets of varying release characteristics. By modifying the filament drug composition and printing parameters, we aim to create modified release tablets in mass quantities which will provide preliminary data for our artificial neural network. In our preliminary studies, a tablet was printed with polyvinyl alcohol at an infill density of 1% and placed in tap water in a 500 mL beaker with a hot plate set at a temperature of 100C until the water became warm to touch with agitation at 1200 revolutions per minute. Tablets were placed in simulated stomach acid hydrochloric acid solution of pH 1.5, temperature of 37’C, stir speed of 125 rpm over the course of a 24 hour period.

Oral dissolving strips were placed in simulated saliva and left to dissolve over 1 hour. The concentration of drug was determined by obtaining samples at different time point followed by replacing the volume of fluid that was taken. In this study, we provide a proof of concept with 3D printing cannabinoid formulations with controlled release patterns. Floating tablets demonstrated to have delayed release compared to those that did not float. Oral dissolving strips demonstrated to rapidly disintegrate in simulated saliva. This enabled the fast dissolution of drug in the medium.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

15 Engineering of Docetaxel Smart Crystalline Solid Dispersion for Prostate Cancer Therapy Kamryn Jackson, T’Onj Mcgriff, Albert Nguessan Ngo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institutes of Public Health, Florida A&M University E-mail of corresponding author (albert.ngo@famu.edu ) Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States. ProstateSpecific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) is an anchored and overexpressed transmembrane protein found on the surface of over 95% of prostate tumors, Hence PSMA is a valuable target for prostate cancer therapy. Docetaxel (DXT) is one of the few treatment options for Prostate cancer following the failure of androgen deprivation therapy. Currently, little is known about the docetaxel smart crystalline solid dispersion (CSD) effectiveness for prostate cancer therapy. It is hypothesized that smart docetaxel crystalline solid dispersion potentiates the accumulation of DXT in prostate cancer cells, resulting in increased DXT effectiveness and reduced side effects. The smart CSD is engineered by coating the DXT/SA product with ethyl phenyl phosphinate a potential PSMA ligand in two successive freeze-drying cycles. The resulting smart CSD is characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and drug loading. The size and the zeta potential are 2341±619 nm, 1203.33±29.26 nm and -6.14±0.92 mV, -21.86±1.8mV, respectively for the non-smart and smart CSD microformulation. The drug loading is 20.3±.63 % w/w and 18.58±0.33 %w/w respectively.

In conclusion, we have successfully engineered the smart crystalline solid dispersion with high drug loading. In a future study, we will conduct the cell viability assay in a 2D prostate cancer cell culture model, the morphology, surface chemistry analysis of the smart CSD and, western blot analysis.

16

Treatment Options Confer Differential Survival Outcomes Based On Midasin Levels Rachel N. Lindsey, Afia Ohemeng, Syreeta L. Tilghman Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Rachel1.lindsey@famu.edu

ABSTRACT: Midasin is a chaperone protein involved in ribosomal biogenesis. While midasin is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissue, it is overexpressed in breast carcer and is positively correlated with a worse relapse free survival in estrogen-receptor negative breast tumors.

Additionally, breast tumors with MDN1 mutations are associated with an unfavorable prognosis.

We hypothesize that an underlying mechanisms driving tumor response is alterations in midasin expression. We queried in silico data to explore the impact of midasin expression and ethnicity on survival and response to therapy by utilizing Kaplan-Meier survival analyses from publicly available breast cancer cohorts. Patients were stratified by midasin expression, chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy, or ethnicity. Results indicate that endocrine-naïve patients with high midasin levels receiving chemotherapy, had improved survival outcomes (HR = 0.14, p = 0.008).

However, in cohorts that received both chemotherapy and endocrine treatment, patients with high midasin expression exhibited a decline in survival (HR = 3.72, p = 0.00047). Lastly, results revealed that there was no significant correlation between ethnicity and midasin expression with respect to survival (p = 0.77). Patients receiving adjuvant endocrine treatment followed by chemotherapy are associated with more aggressive breast tumors, as they have failed a durable clinical response with aromatase inhibitors or anti-estrogens as first-line therapy. These patients acquire endocrine resistance and, in this case, high midasin levels were positively correlated with worse outcomes. Taken together, this is the first study indicating that in hormone dependent tumors, midasin levels should be considered in therapeutic decision making.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

17 Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Towards Human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Among College Students Samantha Lubin, Alexis Haynes, Te’yona Wilkerson, Ukamaka Diké Smith 1

College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S. and affects approximately 79 million Americans. Despite the HPV vaccine’s effectiveness in preventing HPV-related precancerous lesions, there continues to be low uptake among adolescents and minority populations, which is a critical public health issue. However, understanding college students’ perceptions and knowledge of the acceptability of the HPV vaccination and underlying barriers to vaccination at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) has not been extensively investigated. We sought to identify associations between knowledge, awareness, and/or perceptions of HPV health literacy, barriers to vaccination, and HPV vaccination status. Our mixed methods design is qualitative with a quantitative assessment. This will consist of collecting qualitative data through focus group interviews to gain in-depth knowledge regarding HPV literacy, barriers, and acceptability to seek vaccination. The quantitative assessment will be facilitated using Qualtrics software to identify the knowledge and awareness of participants regarding HPV disease and the vaccine, identifying barriers to HPV vaccination services, and acceptability. The survey consists of a combination of fixed-response questions related to demographics, health literacy, HPV Awareness and knowledge, HPV perceived susceptibility and severity, HPV screening history, HPV vaccine history, and acceptability and perceived social norms. All participants will provide informed consent to participate in this study and will be informed that participation is voluntary. Data collected from the quantitative survey will be compiled and analyzed using SAS or SPSS. The qualitative results from the focused group interviews will be analyzed by using NVivo software. Overall, the results will assist in a better understanding of college students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward HPV infection and vaccination. We hypothesize that low HPV health literacy will be associated with low HPV vaccination rates among college students. The data results will be used to inform the development of the HPV educational intervention program. We hope that the integration of a pharmacist-led HPV educational intervention program at the university will be associated with increased knowledge and awareness of HPV and increased HPV vaccination rates to reduce racial/ethnic cancer health disparities at HBCUs.

18 Improving Patient Safety Through Effective Vital Signs Monitoring in a Nursing Simulation Laboratory Taylor N. Nance Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University taylor1.nance@famu.edu

This research is intended to help first year nursing students develop foundational clinical skills by focusing on the importance of accurate vital signs monitoring and patient safety in a simulated environment. The accurate monitoring of patient vital signs is an essential part to ensuring proper care and diagnosis in the healthcare process. Materials needed for research include a simulation lab, stethoscope, blood pressure cuff, thermometer, electric monitor, and recording tools. Nursing students used these tools to check the following vital signs: temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation levels, and blood pressure. After vital signs were taken, students recorded their findings and analyzed what range the readings fell within. If the readings were normal, no further assessment needed to be done. If the readings were abnormal, further assessment was required to see if there was any manifestation of disease. Students were able to improve on vital signs monitoring and easily notice abnormalities in readings. Those abnormal readings required students to use critical thinking skills and clinical judgement to accurately produce a diagnosis. A student’s ability to easily identify abnormal readings is of critical value in the patient care cycle.

Decreasing the risk of error in a simulation lab with feedback from nursing instructors, builds more confident nursing students that are able to function in high paced medical environments and apply their experience to patients.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

19

The Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Brazilian Prisons Daniel G. Robinson: Tracey-Ann Wiggan: Derrick T. Baley: Precious J. Simeon: Donyelle J. Ferguson School of Allied Health Sciences/Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University daniel3.robinson@famu.edu: traceyann1.wiggan@famu.edu

Our research project aims to explore the factors that contribute to the rapid spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Brazilian prisons. Through the School of Allied Health Sciences (SOAHS) Living Learning Community (LLC), this project has become a significant focus for our team over the past two semesters. It is well documented that Brazilian prisoners endure inhumane conditions, facing exposure to diseases and violence while being primarily neglected by society.

Our proposed study explores the causes behind this issue and proposes cost-effective solutions.

Collaborating with local nonprofits and Brazil’s national healthcare system, we aim to better understand the factors that result in significant increases in STDs within the prison system in Brazil. Our research methods include coordinating with a nurse practitioner in Brazil to gain firsthand insights into the negative stigma prisoners face and conducting extensive literature reviews using The World Prison Brief (WPB), and official government websites. We believe our exploratory intervention plan will significantly impact the spread of STDs and improve the quality of life for Brazilian prisoners. The implications of our project extend well beyond Brazil, with the opportunity to implement evidence-based practices in American prisons. Understanding the factors that fuel this disparity can ultimately enhance the quality of life for incarcerated individuals and address the spread of STDs within this often-marginalized community.

20 The Impact of Increased Dairy Consumption on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Erykah Thermeus, Clement G. Yedjou, Daniel Osborne, Pierre Ngnepieba College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 Erykah1.thermeus@famu.edu

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in over 700 million confirmed cases and nearly 6.9 million deaths globally since its emergence in December 2019. By December 2020, the FDA authorized the emergency use of vaccines such as Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech, significantly reducing COVID-19 cases and fatalities. However, breakthrough infections persist, driving interest in dietary interventions to mitigate risks associated with chronic illnesses and infectious diseases. Dairy products, including milk, cheese, and cream, are recognized for their nutritional value, offering essential minerals and proteins. However, they also contain bioactive components like A1 beta-casein and saturated fats, which may provoke inflammation, particularly when consumed excessively. This study investigates the potential correlation between high dairy consumption and increased COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates across populations. Using dietary data from the COVID-19 Healthy Diet Dataset on Kaggle, machine learning algorithms were applied to analyze the relationship between dairy intake and COVID-19 outcomes in 170 countries. Key factors, including morbidity and mortality rates, were identified, and the top ten countries with the lowest and highest dairy consumption were analyzed. We hypothesized that higher dairy consumption negatively impacts COVID-19 severity, leading to increased cases and deaths. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA: Single Factor tests, revealed significant differences between low and high dairy-consuming countries in both confirmed cases (p=0.00184) and mortality rates (p=0.00425). Notably, countries with the highest dairy consumption experienced a 74.1% increase in COVID-19 mortality compared to those with low dairy consumption. These findings suggest that excessive dairy intake may adversely affect immune responses, potentially increasing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Future research should explore the direct effects of specific bioactive compounds in dairy on respiratory illnesses and conduct clinical trials to validate these findings. Additionally, examining the influence of other dietary components and nutritional deficiencies on COVID-19 outcomes will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the role of diet in mitigating infectious diseases.

Funder Acknowledgement(s): This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, NSF-HRD, Grant #1201981 and NSF-IUSE grant #2142465 at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.

21

Leveraging Machine Learning for Evaluating the Intersection of Obesity and COVID-19: An Analysis of Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Clinical Effects Latonia A. Thomas; Tedeschi Allen; Clement Yedjou , Dr. ; Ramesh Katam , Dr. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA E-mail of corresponding author : Latonia1.Thomas@Famu.edu

Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has underscored the critical intersection between obesity and infectious diseases, prompting the need to better understand how obesity influences Covid-19 outcomes . This research aims to explore the complex relationship between obesity and Covid-19 through a machine learning approach, which evaluates the epidemiological , pathophysiological , and clinical evidence surrounding this connection. Using a comprehensive database , we examined data from over 100 countries , analysing the correlation between obesity rates and covid-19 mortality rates. The study seeks to identify the mechanisms by which obesity heightens an individual’s vulnerability to more severe Covid-19 outcomes such as greater disease severity and higher mortality rates. Additionally , the research investigates the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of obesity, examining how Covid-19 has affected obesity management strategies and public health policies. Preliminary results suggest a significant correlation between higher obesity rates and increased COVID-19 mortality, emphasizing the disproportionate severity of Covid-19 outcomes in individuals with obesity. Ultimately, this research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the intersection of obesity and infectious diseases and calls for more integrated and effective public health strategies to address the unique challenges faced by individuals with obesity during pandemics.

Acknowledgments: This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation, NSF-IUSE grant # 2142465, at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.

22 Noble Muscadine Grape Pomace as a Functional Ingredient to Modulate Glucose Release and Textural Properties in Bread Anderson Kennedy: Oluwatoyin Olaoluwa Sangokunle, Ph.D. College of Agriculture and Food Science oluwatoyin.sangokunle@famu.edu

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is rising, necessitating dietary interventions that can help regulate postprandial glucose levels. Bread is a significant source of rapidly digestible starch, contributing to glucose spikes after consumption. Noble Muscadine Grape Pomace (NMGP), a byproduct of juice and wine production, is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber. However, its potential application in staple foods such as bread remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the effect of NMGP incorporation on glucose release and texture stability in bread.

Bread containing 0% (Control), 3%, and 5% NMGP will be digested in an in vitro system at 37°C in a thermomixer using rat intestinal acetone powder (enzyme). Samples will be taken at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180 minutes during digestion, with enzyme activity terminated by boiling.

Additionally, textural analysis will be conducted on bread stored at room temperature on days 0 and 10. We hypothesize that increasing NMGP concentrations will reduce glucose release by inhibiting starch hydrolysis and affect the texture of bread due to fiber interactions. NMGP inclusion may modulate glucose release, offering potential dietary benefits for individuals with T2DM. Its impact on bread texture highlights formulation challenges that must be addressed for consumer acceptability. This research will provide valuable insights into the functional role of NMGP in staple foods, contributing to the development of healthier carbohydrate-based products that support better glycemic control. These findings will interest food scientists, nutritionists, and product developers seeking innovative strategies for diabetes-friendly foods.

23 Understanding Object Detection Vulnerabilities in the Age of YOLO v11 Trinity Banks: Idongesit Mkpong-Ruffin, PhD: Deidre Evans, PhD Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University trinity1.banks@famu.edu, idongesit.ruffin@famu.edu, deidre.evans@famu.edu

Object detection models are an essential resource in modern and future technology, playing a crucial role in various applications. Through reviewing existing literature, this study explores how models like YOLOv11 have shaped the field of computer vison and how object detection models continue to evolve. YOLO v11, the latest version of this model, has introduced significant improvements since the model’s creation. However, despite these advancements, object detection models remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks (Fu et. al., 2021). We will examine the nature of adversarial attacks, specifically adversarial patches, which alter how models interpret visual information. Understanding these vulnerabilities is critical, as such attacks can manipulate how these models interpret visual data leading to misclassifications which may have real-world implications.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

24 Bioremediation of Nickel Metal with Oak Ridge Reservation Site Bacterial Consortia and Bacterial Response Through Proteins Expression Sydney Alexis Beeker: Victor Ibeanusi: Veera LD Badisa: Benjamin Mwashote Core Laboratory, School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Sydney1.beeker@famu.edu Nickel (Ni) metal is one of the most commonly used heavy metals and widespread contaminants of the environment. The main source of Ni metal is the industrial activities such as Ni batteries manufacture, mining, tanning, carpet washing and dying. Wastewater contains significant concentration of Ni metal that cannot be degraded by the conventional wastewater treatment process. High levels of Ni reduce the crop yield and quality and enter the food chain. Ni metal can trigger skin damage and respiratory system dysfunction and show carcinogenic and mutagenic toxic effects in humans. Bioremediation can be used effectively to reduce contaminant toxicity and mobility that are harmless to human health and ecosystem. Microorganisms contain mechanisms that regulate metal ion accumulation to evade metal toxicity and there are many reports about microbial resistance to metals. In this study, Ni metal remediation was investigated with the bacterial consortia isolated from the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) site. Bacterial response to the Ni metal was also evaluated with proteins expression. Bacterial culture was incubated with various concentrations of Ni in an incubator at 25°C with continuous rotation speed of 80 rotations per minute (RPM) for 3-4 days. The Ni metal concentration in the supernatant was measured with Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The proteins expression was studied through 4-10% SDS-PAGE gel. The results showed that bacteria remediated Ni metal which was shown by the decrease of Ni metal in the supernatant after 4 days of incubation. The SDS PAGE gel showed the differential expression of bacterial proteins with or without metal incubation. This study results clearly showed the bioremediation of Ni metal with ORR bacterial consortia and isolated Ni resistant bacteria can be used to remediate Ni in polluted environmental samples.

25 Developing Natural Product-based Hexokinase-2 and c-Met Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Anticancer and anti-inflammatory Effects for Oral Cancer Therapy Madison Brown1, Steven M. Ewell1, Hanna Burton2 Bereket Mochona*1 1

2

Department of Chemistry, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA *Corresponding author: bereket.mochona@famu.edu.

Abstract: Abnormal glycolysis is one of the well-known hallmarks of cancer malignancy. Most proliferating cancer cells exhibit enhanced rates of glycolysis. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is the ratelimiting enzyme catalyzing the first step of glycolysis and is often overexpressed in most cancer cells. Piplartine, a natural product alkaloid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antineoplastic properties, exhibited glycolysis-suppressing potential, which is a process that contributes to inflammation. Thus, HK2 appears to be a promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory drug development target. However, selective inhibition of HK2 remains a challenge to the development of small-molecule inhibitors, which could be addressed by targeting unique domains of HK2, such as its N-terminal domain. Furthermore, using HK2 inhibitors and known anticancer drugs in combined therapy could improve efficacy in solid tumor treatment. In this study, we designing, synthesis, and computational analysis to develop piplartine-based new lead as HK2 inhibitors with anti-inflammatory effects for oral cancer drug development. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase, plays a role in inflammation and cell signaling pathways. Its inhibition can sometimes reduce inflammation, particularly in specific cancer types. 3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl pharmacophore from piplartine was fused to the 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety to obtain analogs with potential HK2 and cMet inhibitory effects. Molecular docking, drug-likeness studies, ADMET, and molecular dynamics simulation analysis were conducted to understand the interaction of the synthesized molecules with target proteins. All the compounds maintained conformational stability, with binding affinity and pharmacokinetic properties similar to the native ligands. The in silico studies identified two lead molecules with drug-like characteristics, minimal levels of toxicities, and structural features that will be vital to conducting in vivo and in vitro studies.

26 In Silico Screening of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Inhibitors of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) Hannah M. Burton1: Steven M. Ewell2: Bereket Mochona2* 1College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University Tallahassee, FL 32307 2Department of Chemistry, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 *Corresponding author: Bereket.Mochona@famu.edu Fax: (850)561-2545

Abstract: Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is a key mediator of angiogenesis and is often overexpressed in various cancers, making it a prime target for antiangiogenic therapies. This study aimed to identify novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives with potential inhibitory activity against VEGFR-2. The azole moiety, a five-membered nitrogencontaining heterocycle, is known for its bioactive properties and has been widely utilized in drug design due to its ability to interact with biological targets. A ligand-based pharmacophore model was developed using the X-ray crystallographic structure of VEGFR-2 complexed with tivozanib (PDB ID: 4ASE) to screen the ZINC15 database for compounds containing the azole moiety.

Molecular docking was performed to evaluate binding interactions, followed by in silico druglikeness and ADMET property analysis to assess pharmacokinetic potential. The virtual screening process identified six compounds exhibiting strong docking scores and favourable drug-like properties comparable to tivozanib. These findings suggest that the identified 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives could serve as potential lead compounds for the development of new VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate their efficacy, optimize their pharmacokinetic properties, and explore their therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. This study contributes to the ongoing search for novel anti-angiogenic agents with improved specificity and efficacy against VEGFR-2-driven tumor progression.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

27 Response of Broiler Chickens to Dietary Grape Pomace Supplementation X. Carreia1,2, O. Sangokunle3, S. Gul2,4, A. Aderibigbe2 1Bridges to the Baccalaureate Research Training in Biomedical Science, FAMU-TSC, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA 2Animal Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Science. Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA 3Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Science. Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA 4Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan ayodeji.aderibigbe@famu.edu

The muscadine grape, or Vitis Rotundifolia, native to the southeastern United States, serves multiple purposes, such as wine and juice production. Grape pomace comprises the skin and seeds, containing polyphenolic compounds known for their antioxidant properties, helping the immune system, and providing other health benefits. This study investigates the dietary effects of supplementing broiler chickens with 2.5% grape pomace to test their performance and organ development. We hypothesized that grape pomace supplementation may enhance these birds’ growth, organ development, and health metrics. Fifty-four broiler chickens are split into control and grape pomace-supplemented diet groups, each with nine replicate cages housing third birds.

The experimental timeline involved feeding a basal diet until day 25, followed by either a control or grape pomace-supplemented diet until day 35 when all birds were euthanized with carbon dioxide asphyxiation. Performance metrics, including body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, were measured alongside assessments of internal organ weights and breast muscle traits. The results have shown no significant differences between the controlled and grape pomace-fed birds in these parameters. Grape pomace supplementation is unaffected by the relative weights of organs like the liver, heart, pancreas, bursa, and breast muscle traits. However, a decrease in relative spleen weight was noted in grape pomace-fed birds. Further analysis in the future will test potential health benefits such as stress biomarkers, bone and organ morphology, and gene expression, aiming to understand the full impact of grape pomace in broiler diets.

28 Comparative Analysis of Inhibitory Effects of Hunteria umbellata on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella 51-5 Keiondra M. Chatman, Jillian L. Pope College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Jillian.pope@famu.edu

Hunteria umbellata (HU) is a medicinal plant found in Nigeria and Ghana where it is locally known as “Abeere.” In African folk medicine, extracts have been derived from different parts of the plant to treat various human diseases such as sexually transmitted infections, diabetes mellitus, and stomach-ache, pains and swellings. Despite its widespread use in human health, its traditional therapeutic efficacy has yet to be scientifically validated. Therefore, the current study was designed to explore Hunteria umbellata effects on the growth of nosocomial bacteria that reside in the gut microbiome due to the strain’s maintaining high resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems. This was achieved by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Hunteria umbellata and exploring the different effects of the methanol-soluble extract of HU against Klebsiella pneumoniae and the human isolate Klebsiella 51-5 of the Enterococci group.

Each bacterial strain was treated with serial dilutions of HU extract overnight, then measured for growth via optical density (absorbance at 600nm) the next day. We observed no significant decrease in the bacterial growth, even at the high concentrations (5 mg/ml), which could indicate high resistance to the extract. Further experiments will be conducted to determine the effect of HU on other properties associated with virulence.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

29 Sprouted Pumpkin Seeds Roderick Conley, Jenina Rose, Kendyl Meeks, Oluwatoyin Sangokunle Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University roderick1.conley@famu.edu

Sprouting seeds is a process of germination that produces a developing seedling. The nutritional benefit attained from seeds are increased when they are sprouted. During germination, phytic acid, a compound found in plants that decreases absorption of vitamins and minerals, breaks down which increases the uptake and availability of those nutrients (Harvard Health, 2017). Germination also promotes the growth of good gut bacteria which helps with digestion. The process of sprouting seeds is simple. After rinsing and cleaning raw pumpkin seeds, soak them overnight and place them on a damp paper towel leaving them in a warm and dark area for 2-4 days ensuring they remain damp. A small seedling should be present at this time. Although an easy process, it is important to practice asepsis control to discourage the promotion of pathogenic bacteria (Miyahira, 2021). Best practice is to place the sprouted seeds in an airtight container and refrigerate for up to a week once spouting is complete. When incorporating sprouted seeds in baked goods, taste and texture are the two variables that interest us the most. It is known that sprouting seeds provide a nutty and earthy flavor and contribute to the structure of the product. In our research, we will be using sprouted seeds in granola bars and comparing the taste and texture to the granola bars with unsprouted seeds.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

30 In Silico Identification VEGFR-2/c-Met Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Angiogenesis Dependent Types of Cancers Johnathan Crosse1, Steven M. Ewell2, Hanna Burton3, Bereket Mochona*2 Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA 1 Department of Chemistry, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA 3 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA 1

*Corresponding author: Bereket.mochona@famu.edu.

The tyrosine kinase mechanism is a cornerstone in the modulation of cellular signaling pathways implicated in cancer progression. Both Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and c-Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition factor (c-Met) were selected as tyrosine kinases for anti-cancer drug development, with compounds characterized by five-membered heteroaromatic rings, with a specific emphasis on oxadiazole-based molecular structures. In recent studies, 1,3,4Oxadiazole compounds exhibit an intrinsic ability to engage with active sites of tyrosine kinases, disrupting the phosphorylation mechanism needed to induce conformation changes associated with cancer in lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, urothelial cancer, and malignant melanoma.

To expedite the identification of potential dual-acting VEGFR-2/c-Met inhibitors, a chemical library of compounds with a 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold was selected from a binding chemical database. These compounds were profiled for their binding affinities, pharmacokinetic properties, ADMET, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation, and molecular dynamics simulations against known native inhibitors in the PDB complexes for both proteins, Tivozanib (PDB: 4ASE) and CHEMBL205372 (PDB: 3VW8). Compounds 9 and 11 maintained conformational stability, drug-likeness, and the electrical charge distribution within the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO). These In Silico studies identified two lead molecules with drug-like characteristics, minimal levels of toxicities, and structural features that will be vital in vivo and in vitro studies.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

31 Computer Science in Automotive Innovation Jouvens Dalcima Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Jouvens1.dalcima@famu.edu

This research examines the effectiveness of modern vehicle safety measures, with a focus on how emerging technologies influence a vehicle’s ability to protect its occupants from severe injury in a crash, driver assistance systems, and overall highway safety. By addressing key factors such as structural integrity, crash mitigation, and the integration of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), this research aims to assess the role of technology in reducing accidents and enhancing vehicle safety. We evaluated vehicle crashworthiness, structural performance, and ADAS effectiveness under controlled testing conditions to achieve these objectives. The methodology includes analyzing real-world crash simulations, reviewing driving data, and training ADAS models for object detection and navigation. Advanced simulation software is employed to refine safety features, ensuring their reliability and responsiveness in real-world scenarios. Preliminary findings suggest that vehicles equipped with advanced safety technologies demonstrate improved crash avoidance and optimized driver and assistance functionality compared to vehicles without.

These advancements contribute to a safer driving experience, reduced collision risks, and improved energy efficiency in vehicle operations. The implications of this research extend to computer science, human factors analysis, and electronic system development, offering valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and safety organizations. By addressing critical challenges in modern automotive safety, this study underscores the transformative potential of technology in shaping the future of vehicle design, making roads safer and vehicles more resilient in crash scenarios.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

32 Nickel Detoxification Mechanisms in Pseudomonas sp. VMI-RSR-ORR-1: Characterizing ATP-Dependent Transport Systems Amari, R, DeSouza: Jada, Taylor: Akinbi, Gbemisola: Shelby, Cain: Mwashote, Benjamin: Victor, Ibeanusi: Rajesh Singh Rathore Core Laboratory, School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Amari1.desouza@famu.edu: jada5.taylor@famu.edu: gbemisola1.akinbi@famu.edu: shelby1.cain@famu.edu: benjamin.mwashote@famu.edu: victor.ibeanusi@famu.edu: rajeshsingh1.rathore@famu.edu: Abstract: Our study investigates Pseudomonas sp. VMI-RSR-ORR-1, a strain isolated from the mercury contaminated Oak Ridge Reservation site, where nickel is present as a co-contaminant.

The primary focus of this research is on exploring the potential of Pseudomonas sp. VMI-RSRORR-1 strain for bioremediation of nickel. We performed a detailed genomic analysis to examine the strain’s capabilities for heavy metal detoxification, with particular emphasis on metal transport systems, specifically those belonging to the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter family. Notably, we identified an ABC transporter permease protein 2, located within Cluster 5, which is pivotal for the uptake and efflux of nickel ions. This transporter operates through an ATP-dependent mechanism, utilizing hydrolysis to precisely regulate nickel influx and efflux, thereby maintaining cellular nickel homeostasis. The strain's ability to modulate nickel concentrations supports its potential for effective bioremediation, positioning Pseudomonas sp. VMI-RSR-ORR-1 as a promising candidate for environmental cleanup of nickel-contaminated sites.

33 Bioremediation of Lead metal with Oak Ridge Reservation Site Bacterial Consortia and Bacterial Response through Proteins Expression Tia Duke, Victor Ibeanusi, Judith O Madukwe, Veera LD Badisa, Benjamin Mwashote Core Laboratory, School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Lead (Pb) metal pollution is a significant global environmental concern due to its toxicity and persistence in ecosystems. It can enter water, soil, and the atmosphere via industrial waste, posing significant risks to humans and wildlife. Due to its toxic and non-degradable nature, there is an urgent need for cheaper and eco-friendly remediation techniques. Bioremediation, using living organisms such as bacteria, provides a sustainable approach to mitigating metal pollution. In this study, Pb remediation was investigated with bacterial consortia isolated from the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) site. The bacterial response to Pb exposure was also examined through protein expression. Bacterial cultures were incubated with various concentrations (0, 10, 25 parts per million [ppm]) of Pb in an incubator at 25°C with a continuous rotation speed of 100 rotations per minute (RPM). Pb concentration in the supernatant was quantified using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), and protein expression was examined using 4-10 % SDS- PAGE gel.

The results showed that Pb metal was remediated by the bacteria with the reduction of 86.1±2.5% Pb concentration with 10 ppm Pb treatment and the formation of a black precipitate after 24 hours of incubation. The SDS PAGE gel revealed the differential expression of bacterial proteins in response to Pb exposure. This study showed the bioremediation of Pb metal with ORR bacterial consortia, and the isolated Pb-resistant bacteria could be used to reduce Pb pollution in the environment.

34 Colorimetric Detection of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Using a Modified Bromocresol Green Dye Danielle O. Eniola, Carniesha Magloire, Gileah Joseph, Kennedy Hayes, Regmi Bishnu

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Science and Technology Danielle1.eniola@famu.edu

Surfactants are widely used in industrial, biological, and daily applications, including detergents, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics—making their detection essential for environmental monitoring. Current methods, such as the Methylene Blue Active Substance (MBAS) assay require multiple extractions with chloroform—a suspected carcinogen. This study explores an alternative approach by using a compound synthesized by pairing Bromocresol Green dye with trihexyl tetradecyl phosphonium to enhance detection of an anionic surfactant (SDS) through a colorimetric detection method. A significant color change was observed in the presence of very low concentrations of SDS. Following the dye-surfactant interaction, colorimetric analysis was performed on various surfactant concentrations. This research advances surfactant detection methodologies, improving regulatory compliance, environmental safety, and industrial efficiency.

35 Manganese Metal Bioremediation with Bacterial Consortia Isolated from Oak Ridge Reservation Site and Bacterial Response Noah Francis, Victor Ibeanusi, Judith O Madukwe, Veera LD Badisa Core Laboratory, School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Manganese (Mn) metal pollution has become a widespread environmental problem. Due to the mining activities, fossil fuel combustion, erosion, and industrial wastes, Mn is released into water, soil, and accumulates into the vegetables and other food items. Manganese can be harmful to humans causing chronic and acute disorders such as metal fume fever, eye and nose irritation.

Owing to its non-degradability and harmful effects, there is a high demand for the advanced cheaper and sustainable remediation technique of Mn metal from the environment. Bioremediation using bacteria is becoming one of the most cost effective and sustainable ways of remediation in the environment worldwide. In this study, Mn metal remediation was studied with the bacterial consortia isolated from Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) site. Bacterial response to the metal was also investigated by proteins expression. To remediate the Mn metal, the bacterial consortia were cultured at different Mn concentrations in an incubator for 2 to 4 days at 25°C with continuous rotation speed of 120 RPM. The Mn metal concentration in the supernatant was measured with Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The proteins expression was analyzed through 4-10% SDS-PAGE gel. The results showed that bacteria remediated Mn metal by the decrease of Mn metal in the supernatant after 2 and 4 days of incubation. The SDS PAGE gel revealed the differential expression of bacterial proteins in response to Mn metal exposure. The results of this study showed that the ORR bacterial consortia remediated Mn metal and the isolated Mn resistant bacteria can be used to remediate Mn in the polluted environmental samples.

36 Biomonitoring of Metallic Elements in Spanish Moss using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Aaron E. Francis*: Dawn E. Lewis: Codjo AC Akpovo: Lewis E. Johnson Department of Biology, Florida A&M University. Center for Plasma Science and Technology Florida A&M University. aaron1.francis@famu.edu*

Abstract: Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic plant in the bromeliaceae family.

Spanish Moss is found abundantly in tropical and subtropical climates. Spanish moss is a documented bio-accumulator of various elements, including metals. There are several spectroscopic methods used to analyze the elemental composition of biological samples. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is not one of them and is generally used for measuring the purity of metals. However, the potential advantages of using LIBS over other spectroscopic methods is its speed, accuracy and ease of replicate data collection. This research demonstrated the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to identify metals that Spanish Moss bioaccumulated and their quantities based on the region. Spanish Moss samples were collected from seven trees within 4.7 square kilometers of each other on Florida A&M University campus grounds. Sampling sites were divided into areas of low traffic (4) and high traffic (6) based on their proximity to main roadways and car lots. Results show that LIBS successfully identified metallic elements aluminum, copper, chromium and calcium. This work explored the application of LIBS technology to biological science and found that its advantages over other spectroscopic methods are notable.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

37 Comparative Effects of Polysioprenylated Cysteinyl Amide Inhibitors and Anti-MAPK and PI3K Drugs on Lung Cancer Cells Brandon Gaines College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Florida A&M University

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer worldwide, with a prevalence of 1 in 16 people being diagnosed in the United States alone. The phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play a vital role in stimulating mitosis, leading to cell proliferation, and are involved in inhibiting apoptosis. Current marketed drugs tend to lose their efficacy due to mutations and use of alternative growth signaling pathways. Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) provide a potential treatment option that can potentially overcome resistance to current drugs. PCAIs work by mimicking the essential post-translational modification, leading to RAS inhibition. Three analogs of PCAIs, NSL-YHJ-2-27, NSLYHJ-2-62, and NSL-YHJ-2-46 were tested against marketed anti-MAPK and PI3K inhibitors. Of the three PCAIs, NSL-YHJ-2-27 and NSL-YHJ-2-46 were found to be the most potent with EC50 values of 1.4 and 4.1 µM respectively. Transwell migration assay showed NCl-H23 lung cancer cell lines treated with NSL-YHJ-2-27(1 µM) inhibited migration and invasion by 82%. NCl-H23 3D spheroid assay revealed NSL-YHJ-2-46 decreased the invasion area of spheroids by 92% as opposed to KRAS inhibitor decreasing 73%. Western blotting analysis of NCl-H23 cells treated with NSL-YHJ-2-27 at 5 µM showed a 62% decrease in RHOA proteins. These results show the comparative effects of the PCAIs against marketed inhibitors and the potential as anti-cancer treatments.

38 SAET Architecture Curriculum and its relation to NAAB Criteria Dene Garrett FAMU School of Architecture & Engineering Technology Dene1.garrett@famu.edu

NAAB stands for the National Architectural Accrediting Board. It is the organisation responsible for accrediting professional degree programs in architecture in the United States. It sets standards for the knowledge, skills, and competencies. NAAB accreditation is critical because it signifies that the program meets the required standards of education, ensuring that graduates are eligible to pursue licensure as architects in the U.S. This year is the year of accreditation for the architect program, so I have conducted a research study to determine if the curriculum meets NAAB requirements. This study may also show the gaps in learning and skill sets between the time one enters the program to the time they are a senior. To study this, surveys have been sent out to current professors as well as students in different classes and classifications. The results of these surveys will gauge the need to implement certain tactics that contribute to the bettering of the SAET. I predict the result for both students and professors will be slightly different. I also believe the results of this survey with provide an insight on the learning/ skill gap between all classifications. The curriculum itself is ever changing due to the current changes in the world within climate and law.

With that we must stay diligent and up to date while providing conducive ways to implement these changes within the lesson plans from freshman to senior year.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

39 The Effects of Retinoic Acid (RA) and Trichostatin A (TSA) on Manganeseinduced Toxicity in CAD Neuronal Cells Kemoi A. George, Edward A. Pajarillo, Itunu Ajayi, Eunsook Lee Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida.

Kemoi1.george@famu.edu Excessive manganese (Mn) exposure, particularly in occupational settings such as welding and mining, and environmental sources like Mn-contaminated water, can lead to manganism, a neurological disorder similar to Parkinson’s disease (PD). This condition is characterized by motor impairments, including tremors and cognitive deficits. Mn toxicity increases oxidative stress, leading to neuronal cell death. 14-3-3 proteins play a crucial role in neuronal survival and have been implicated in neuroprotection against PD, suggesting that 14-3-3s reduce Mn-induced toxicity. Thus, we investigated if Mn modulates the levels of 14-3-3 proteins, such as gamma (γ), epsilon (ε) and theta (θ), in CAD cells, and if retinoic acid (RA) and trichostatin A (TSA), which have shown to enhance and inhibit 14-3-3 activity, respectively, modulate Mn-induced toxicity in CAD neuronal cells. RA, a vitamin A derivative, promotes neuronal survival, whereas TSA, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is implicated in disrupting neuroprotective mechanisms. To assess these effects, western blotting, ROS assay, and cell viability with resazurin were used. Results showed that Mn decreased protein levels of 14-3-3γ, ε, and θ in CAD cells. Treatment with RA attenuated Mn-induced reductions in cell viability and Mn-increased ROS production, possibly by enhancing 14-3-3 activity. TSA potentiated Mn toxicity by further increasing ROS levels and decreasing cell viability. These results highlight RA’s potential to protect against Mn toxicity and the important role of 14-3-3s in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Further studies warrant understanding the role of 14-3-3 in contributing to the Mn toxicity mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies for Mn-related neurodegenerative disorders.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

40 Hexavalent Chromium Bioremediation with Metal Resistant Bacterium Strain MRS-2 and Bacterial Response through Protein Expression Danae A Gibson: Victor Ibeanusi: Judith O Madukwe: Vera LD Badisa: Benjamin Mwashote Core Laboratory, School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA danae1.gibson@famu.edu

Chromium (Cr) is a widely dispersed in rocks, minerals soils, and fresh water. It exists in several oxidation states, however the trivalent (Cr III) and hexavalent (Cr VI)) are the more stable forms in the environment. The hexavalent Cr is a known mutagen and carcinogen compound to living organisms, including humans. This heavy metal has been designated a priority pollutant in many countries and by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Due to the toxic effects of chromium on various living beings, it has been extensively studied to find a sustainable solution to manage its pollution. Recently, the use of bacteria in the bioremediation process to degrade pollutants in the environment has become an emphasized technique. In this study, hexavalent Cr metal remediation was investigated with the metal resistant bacterium strain MRS2 isolated from waste treatment plant. In this study, bacterial response to the Cr metal was also studied with proteins expression. Bacterial culture was incubated with various concentrations of Cr in an incubator at 25°C with continuous rotation speed of 120 rotations per minute (RPM) for 4 days. After 4days, culture was centrifuged and Cr metal concentration in the supernatant was measured with Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The proteins expression was evaluated by running protein samples on a 4-10% SDS-PAGE gel.The results showed that the MRS-2 bacterium remediated Cr metal which was shown by the decrease of Cr metal in the supernatant. The SDS-PAGE gel showed the differential expression of bacterial proteins with or without metal incubation. This study clearly showed the bioremediation of Cr metal with MRS-2 bacterium, and it can be used to remediate Cr in the polluted environment.

41 Generation of a Plasmid Construct for the Production of the C-Terminal domain of Human HSP40 DNAJA2.

Niyah N. Gintz; Romell Stone and Hernan Flores-Rozas College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University hernan.floresrozas@famu.edu

Despite the advances in targeted therapy, for tumors that lack biological targets or have lost them in the course of treatment, cytotoxic chemotherapy, such as anthracyclines, constitutes the only therapeutic alternative. However, toxic side effects or the development of drug resistance renders this therapy impractical. Sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy may be an effective way to overcome these hurdles. Our laboratory investigates the mechanisms that protect cells from anthracyclines exposure. Downregulation of the heat-shock protein 40 DNAJAs, which bind to unfolded client proteins and present them to the HSP70 for refolding, renders cells sensitive to the anthracycline doxorubicin. Cells stably knockdown of DNAJA2 exhibit increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further analysis demonstrates that DNAJA2 co-precipitates with ROSmetabolism proteins SOD2 and catalase, suggesting they may constitute client proteins. However, the wide spectrum of client proteins of DNAJA2 is unknown. In this work, we aim to isolate and identify HSP40s client proteins by affinity purification using the C-terminal domain of DNAJA2.

For this purpose, we performed sequence analysis of the human HSP40s, including the DNAJAs, DNAJBs and DNAJCs to define the C-terminal domain which has been postulated to bind unfolded proteins. Once the boundaries of the C-terminal domain were determined, this sequence information was used to design oligos that were used to amplify this region using the plasmid pYX243-DNAJA2 by PCR. The oligos contain restriction sites that will facilitate the cloning of the fragment into the E. coli expression vector pET47c. Protocols for protein expression and purification will be presented.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

42 Fatty Acid-Modified Rhodamine 6G: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Biomedical Potential Emmani T. Hagins: Ti’Liyah D Veal: Beni B. Dangi: Bishnu P. Regmi College of Science at Technology at Floride Agricultural and Mechanical University Emmani1.Hagins@famu.edu

For biomedical imaging, sensing, and diagnostic applications, rhodamine 6G chloride is a popular fluorescent dye that is valued for its strong absorption, high quantum yield, and photostability. For improved performance, its stability and solubility can be adjusted. By substituting chloride ion of rhodamine 6G chloride with fatty acid anions, such as oleate and palmitate this work seeks to increase the stability and fluorescence efficiency of the compound. With these changes, it should perform better in biological applications like as enhanced imaging and tailored medication delivery. In a biphasic solvent system consisting of water and dichloromethane, sodium palmitate and sodium oleate were used in an ion-exchange procedure to create fatty acid derivatives rhodamine 6G. The final product was obtained by separating the organic layer, washing it, and evaporating the solvent. The reprecipitation process was then used to create nanoparticles after the derivatives were dissolved in methanol. Using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, the optical characteristics of the produced compounds were examined to evaluate variations in absorption and emission features. The changed compounds' UV-Vis spectra revealed a low change in absorption, with a maximum absorption peak at 527 nm that was equal to that of rhodamine 6G chloride. On the other hand, possible variations in emission properties are being examined using fluorescence spectroscopy. By shedding light on the effects of alkyl chain changes on the photophysical characteristics of rhodamine 6G, this study could improve fluorescent materials for use in biomedical applications such as diagnostic imaging and therapeutics.

43 Nutrient and Trace Metal Concentrations in Tallahassee Wildlife and Waterbodies Xavier M. S. Harrell, Charles Jagoe, Benjamin Mwashote, Rajesh Rathore,Victor Ibeanusi Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University / School of the Environment 1601 S Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307 xavier1.harrell@famu.edu

Concentrations of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) along with trace metals (lead, nickel, and copper) play a major role in water quality and aquatic ecosystem health. The assessment of these parameters is essential in determining the health of Tallahassee’s aquatic ecosystems and whether recreational fishing for consumption is safe to perform. Water samples (2000 mL) were collected at nine distinct locations around Tallahassee to be analyzed for nutrient and trace metal concentrations in the School of the Environment Core Laboratory. Samples were then processed beginning with filtration, then transferred into triplicate analysis form, and finally analyzed with Dionex AS DV (nutrient) and ICP-OES (metal) to obtain our desired concentrations. It was then determined by the data that nitrites met acceptable water quality conditions according to the EPA. While trace metal concentrations fluctuated between sampling trips we found the concentrations to be within recommended concentration levels according to the EPA. These results show the significance of ongoing water quality monitoring to assess the potential risks to aquatic life and human health. Regular assessments of water quality are imperative to ensure the safety of fish consumption in the city of Tallahassee as well as the ecological health of the fisheries. Over time this research guarantees a clear insight into if bodies of water are healthy for the organisms that inhabit them such as bass and hydrilla as well as the human health implications associated with the study.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

44 Bioremediation of Hexavalent Chromium with Oak Ridge Reservation Site Bacterial Consortia and Bacterial Response through Proteins Expression Carah Hayes, Victor Ibeanusi, Judith O Madukwe, Veera LD Badisa, Benjamin Mwashote Core Laboratory, School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Chromium (Cr) is used worldwide in various industries such as mining, steel, tanneries, chromeplating, chemical industry that leads to a common environmental pollutant. The chromium can damage DNA and listed as Class A human carcinogen by US Environmental Protection Agency.

Due to the toxic effects of chromium on various living beings, it has been extensively studied to discover a sustainable solution to manage its pollution. Recently, the use of bacteria in the bioremediation to degrade pollutants in the environment has become a highlighted area. In this study, hexavalent Cr metal remediation was investigated with the bacterial consortia isolated from Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) site. Bacterial response to the Cr metal was also investigated with proteins expression. Bacterial culture was incubated with various concentrations of Cr in an incubator at 25°C with continuous rotation speed of 120 rotations per minute (RPM) for 4 days.

After 4days, culture was centrifuged and Cr metal concentration in the supernatant was measured with Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The proteins expression was examined by running protein samples on a 4-10% SDS-PAGE gel. The results showed that the bacteria remediated Cr metal which was shown by the decrease of Cr metal in the supernatant. The SDS-PAGE gel showed the differential expression of bacterial proteins with or without metal incubation. This study clearly showed the bioremediation of Cr metal with ORR bacterial consortia and isolated Cr-resistant bacteria can be used to remediate Cr in the polluted environmental samples.

45 The Effects of Different Concentrations of CTAB on a Modified Dye Kennedy E. Hayes, Gileah K. Joseph, Danielle Eniola, and Bishnu P. Regmi College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University kennedy2.hayes@famu.edu Surfactant-dye interactions play a crucial role in environmental, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications, influencing solubility, stability, and molecular behavior. Neutral Red Chloride (NRC), a pH-sensitive dye, interacts with surfactants, leading to changes in its optical properties, which can be utilized for surfactant detection. Among various surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, significantly impacts the solubility and aggregation behavior of NRC. In this study, NRC palmitate was synthesized by reacting Neutral Red Chloride with sodium palmitate achieving a 64% yield. The compound NR palmitate was then treated with different concentrations of CTAB, and a distinct color change was observed with increasing the concentration of CTAB. This observation suggests that NR palmitate could serve as a simple, rapid, and visually interpretable method for detecting surfactants in various environments. This research highlights the importance of developing simple and costeffective surfactant detection methods with environmental and industrial benefits. The proposed colorimetric approach provides a rapid and efficient alternative to conventional techniques, with potential applications in environmental monitoring, industrial formulation development, and sustainable surfactant management.

46 Engineering Design of Bird Spikes for Rain Gauges Protection at Muscadine Vineyard to Aid Climate-smart Agriculture Ryan E. Henry1, Jingqiu Chen1 1.Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University jinqiu.chen@famu.edu

Accurate measurements and data collection using on-site rain gauges are critical for ensuring quality data for research. The Muscadine vineyard at the FAMU Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research faced an ongoing problem with birds settling near or on rain gauges, interfering with data collection. This study was tasked with finding a solution through a constructive project and found that bird spikes would be best to protect the rain gauges. This project aimed to conduct an engineering design and develop protective bird spike structures to shield the rain gauges from interference and contamination, ensuring accurate recordings. Multiple prototype iterations of the bird spike designs were tested using CAD design software such as Blender, Fusion 360, and TinkerCAD. After the design phase, prototype designs were evaluated for effectiveness before using a Bambu Lab P1S 3D Printer to print the bird spikes using PLA filament. Multiple bird spike designs were tested on-site to determine how effective each model was and if it would fit properly onto the rain gauge. The results of the testing were successful, as multiple variations of bird spikes were able to be fitted on the rain gauge and successfully inhibited any nesting or wildlife intrusion.

The project contributes to climate-smart agriculture and agricultural engineering fields by enhancing the functions of existing equipment using practical and inexpensive solutions.

47 The Synthesis of N-(4-Pentylbenzoylchloride)-5-ethyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine to Act as Anti-Breast Cancer Agents and Selective COX-2 Inhibitors JerMeny B. Israel; Tiffany W. Ardley

Florida A&M University - College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 1415 S. Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee FL, 32307 JerMeny1.israel@famu.edu tiffany.ardley@famu.edu

The synthesis of N-(4-Pentylbenzoylchloride)-5-ethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine represents a segway for anti-breast cancer agents with selective COX-2. This compound is a target against breast cancer cells while minimizing effects on healthy tissues. By using Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), which is often expressed in various malignancies, including breast cancer, this synthesized compound aims to disrupt inflammatory pathways implicated in cancer progression. Additionally, the presence of the tetrahydropyridine in the molecule suggests potential anti-inflammatory and chemotherapeutic effects, through evaluation and testing, this synthesized compound offers an approach in combating breast cancer while minimizing side effects commonly associated with conventional treatments. As a result, substituted phenylcarbonylamino-S-ethyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine compounds have been proposed in the development of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. The synthesis of a new tetrahydropyridine analogue was carried out in four steps. The hydrolysis of ethyl-o-(mesitylene sulfonyl) acethydroxymate to produce O-(mesityl sulfonyl) hydroxylamine (MSH) was the first step in the synthesis of these 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine analogues. MSH then interacts with 3-ethyl pyridine, acting as an aminating agent to afford the 1amino-3-ethylpyridin-1-ium salt. To create N-ylide products, the salt product was subjected to acylation with different substituted benzoyl chlorides. The desired final tetrahydropyridine product, N-(4-Pentylbenzoylchloride)-5-ethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine was produced by the partial reduction of their respective ylides. Analytical methods include thin layer chromatography, liquidliquid extraction, and vacuum filtration. Column chromatography was utilized to purify the desired compound and characterization was done by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. Further studies involve biological studies on breast cancer cell lines.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research

48 The Effects Hunteria Umbellata Seed Extract on Colorectal Cells Assata S. Johnson, Kyra Miller, Christine Larsen, Jada Joseph, Jillian L. Pope Florida A&M University College of Science and Technology, Tallahassee, FL, 32307 Assata1.johnson@famu.edu

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States. Current methods for treatment can be costly and have adverse side effects. The use of plants and their extracts demonstrate healthier alternatives with minimal side effects. Here we investigate the extract of a plant, Hunteria umbellata (HU), that has been shown to alleviate diabetes, inflammation, and pain, however its role in CRC is unknown. Using the CRC cell lines, HCT116 and SW480, as a model we measure the effect of HU on cancer cell migration. Cells were plated in culture inserts and allowed to incubate overnight. The following day, cells were treated with HU Methanol extract of 250ug/ml and 500ug/ml dosages. Pictures were taken at 0 hour, 24 hour, 48 hour and 72 hour timepoints. Our data shows the HU extract reduces HCT116 cell migration with minimal effect in the SW480 cell line, suggesting HU may have varying effects in colon cancer.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

49 In vitro Fiber Digestibility and Phosphorus solubility in Hemp-supplemented Feeds for Broiler Chickens and Pigs Amber, Johnson: Ayodeji, Aderibigbe College of Agriculture and Food Science Amber6.johnson@famu.edu

The study aims to determine fiber digestibility and mineral solubility in hemp-based chicken and swine diets using a 2-step in vitro digestion procedure. The objective is to evaluate hemp and hemp by product’s potential as nutritional supplements for broiler chickens and pigs to improve feeding practices and animal performance. Seven diet samples: three pig diets (control, 15% hempsupplemented diet, and 15% hemp-supplemented diet with probiotic inclusion) and four broiler chicken diets (corn-based control, corn-based hemp-supplemented, wheat-based control, and wheat-based hemp-supplemented) were evaluated. All samples were ground into fine powder and processed using a 2-step gastric-small intestinal digestion protocol (6 replicates/sample).

Supernatants were retained for mineral solubility, which was determined spectrophotometrically, while fiber digestibility was analyzed in the slurry obtained using an ANKOM fiber analyzer.

Statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Analysis System (ver. 9.4). Laboratory analysis is still ongoing; however, the expectation is that hemp supplementation but not probiotics will decrease fiber digestibility and improve mineral solubility, especially in wheat-based chicken diets. Wheat diets are expected to have lower energy availability than corn and may pose digestive challenges in birds. The result of the in vitro study will be valuable in interpreting the result of the ongoing in vivo trials using the same dietary treatments. This project will contribute to agriculture by advancing sustainable and innovative feeding practices, understanding hemp and its byproduct potential as a nutritional supplement, enhancing animal performance, and optimizing nutrient utilization. Ultimately, it could improve efficiency and animal health while promoting alternative feed resources.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

50 The Anti-inflammatory Molecular Targets of TQ in LPS Stimulated BV-2 Microglia Cells Jamykal S.T. Jones, Equar Taka, Sarah L. ReedKailar D. Shaw College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; Florida A&M University, and Tallahassee State College Jamykal1.jones@famu.edu

Abstract: Chronic neuroinflammation has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Microglia are the brain’s primary immune cells and release various proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators when activated.

Numerous studies have suggested that natural compounds such as Thymoquinone (TQ) have antiinflammatory properties. Hence, TQ may be a promising strategy for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases involving activated microglia cells. In this context, we hypothesized that the treatment with TQ would attenuate the induction of an inflammatory response in activated BV-2 microglial cells. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of TQ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated BV-2 microglia cells. Briefly, BV-2 microglia cells were first stimulated for 1 hr. with 1 µg/mL LPS, then treated with different concentrations of TQ and exposed for 24, 48, and 72 hr. Cell viability was evaluated using a Resazurin Assay. Additionally, PrimePCR array technology was used to assess the effect of TQ on cytokine/chemokine signaling pathways that cause inflammation. Resazurin Assay results showed that TQ after 24, 48, and 72 hr. exposure caused concentration and time-dependent decrease in cell viability of BV-2 microglia cells for concentration higher than 7.5 µM when compared to controls. Furthermore, the cytokine/chemokine signaling pathway analysis showed that TQ significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of Interleukin 15 (IL-15), IL-16, TNF Superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), TNF Superfamily member 13b (TNFSF13b), Beta-2-Microglobulin (B2M), and significantly upregulated IL-10. These findings suggest that TQ may help slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases that involve excessively activated microglia cells.

51 Acetaminophen Analogs to Mitigate Hepatic Toxicity O’Tisha E Jones a, b; Chandra S Voshavar b; Seth Y Ablordeppey* b a

b

Tallahassee State College, Tallahassee, FL 32304 College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences – Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32309 seth.ablordeppey@famu.edu

Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is one of the most commonly used nonprescription drugs to treat mild to moderate pain and fever in the United States (US). However, APAP is also the most common cause of hepatotoxicity from intentional or inadvertent drug overdose. It is estimated that 82,000 emergency visits and 26,000 hospitalizations are attributed to APAP overdose annually in the US. Women comprise nearly three-quarters of patients presenting with APAP-induced acute liver injury (ALI) and acute liver failure (ALF) in the US. APAP is primarily metabolized by Sulfation and Glucuronidation, and 5–9% of APAP gets converted to a highly toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinonimine (NAPQI). Normally, NAPQI is detoxified by conjugation with glutathione but remains in toxic form in hepatic impairment or overdose conditions. The hydroxyl and amide groups of APAP contribute to the formation of NAPQI. Therefore, we hypothesized that structural modification of APAP by deactivating the phenyl ring reduces the formation of NAPQI. Toward this, we designed new analogs of APAP to mitigate the APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity. Synthetic methods and chromatographic techniques were employed to obtain the target compounds and confirmed using NMR Spectroscopy. Mass, melting points were evaluated and the purity was confirmed by CHN elemental analysis. In summary, we designed, synthesized and characterized 7 new analogs of APAP. We plan to evaluate hepatotoxicity under in vitro and in vivo settings followed by analgesic activity. Our aim is to develop a drug that exhibits similar benefits as APAP or better while alleviating the harmful side effects on the liver.

52 Nile Blue Palmitate as an Indicator for Surfactant Detection Gileah K. Joseph, Kennedy Hayes, Danielle Eniola, and Bishnu P. Regmi College of Science and Technology and Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Gileah1.joseph@famu.edu

Surfactants are widely used in industrial applications, including fuel formulations, despite their negative environmental impact and hazardous effects on living organisms. There is a need for the development of a simple, sensitive, and rapid method for detection of low concentrations of surfactants in environmental and biological samples. This study evaluates the suitability of Nile Blue Palmitate as a dye for detecting trace amounts of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The experimental approach involved the synthesis of Nile Blue Palmitate, followed by its interaction with varying concentrations of CTAB. A rotary evaporator was used to evaporate organic solvent, while a magnetic stirrer ensured proper mixing of the compounds.

ImageJ software was employed as a computational tool for color detection and analysis. As the CTAB concentration increased, the intensity of the red hue in the solution also increased, indicating a measurable interaction between Nile Blue Palmitate and CTAB. These findings suggest that Nile Blue Palmitate can serve as an effective indicator for detecting surfactants in different samples, providing a potential alternative method for environmental monitoring and industrial quality control. Further research could optimize this approach for practical applications in the analysis of real samples.

53 Succession of Forensically Important Coleoptera in North Florida Qiara Tangela King : Keniya Jenaya Thompson College of Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University qiara1.king@famu.edu

Abstract: This study examines the succession of forensically important Coleoptera in North Florida. Forensic entomology is the study of insects used to aid criminal investigations. Using decomposing deer as a human surrogate, we studied Coleoptera succession during decomposition, focusing on beetle appearances at various decomposition stages. This research is significant for law enforcement as it helps estimate Postmortem Interval (PMI) and potential body movement.

Beetles from the order Coleoptera were studied across three seasons: winter, fall, and summer.

Seven families were examined: Silphidae, Trogidae, Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Scarabidae, Nitidulidae, and Dermestidae. These families help assess the predictability and similarity of succession. The study was conducted at Florida A&M University’s campuses using deer carcasses from Florida’s Wildlife Commission’s veterinary headquarters. Materials used included funnels, killing jars, collection jars, ethyl acetate, and forceps. Fall traps were placed near decomposing deer to collect Coleoptera while preventing interference from other insects. Collected beetles were placed in kill jars with ethyl acetate, then transferred to collection jars before being hand-picked and classified under a microscope. Data were recorded in Excel and analyzed using ANOSIM and Past-four. ANOSIM results showed that values within groups were more similar, while values between groups showed separation. Past-four results indicated that Histeridae and Silphidae had the highest values, while Dermestidae and Scarabidae had the lowest, signifying their respective roles in decomposition. In conclusion, the findings suggest succession patterns remain consistent across seasons, but further research and more data are needed to strengthen these findings. More data will increase reliability and confidence.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

54 Comparative Analysis of MTT, Alamar Blue, and WST-1 Assays for Assessing Cell Viability in Cancer Research Lawson, K, Dominique. Williams, G, Taylor. Hudson, M, Alicia. Darling-Reed, F, Selina.

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. alicia.hudson@famu.edu, selina.darling@famu.edu

Accurate and reproducible measurement of cell viability is a cornerstone of cancer research, particularly in evaluating the effects of potential chemotherapeutic agents. Among the most commonly used colorimetric and fluorometric assays are MTT, Alamar Blue (resazurin), and WST-1, each of which assesses cellular metabolic activity as a proxy for cell viability. While widely used, these assays differ in sensitivity, detection method, toxicity, and practical application in lab settings. This study presents a comparative overview of MTT, Alamar Blue, and WST-1 assays in the context of cancer cell research using triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231) as a model. No drug treatments were applied; instead, emphasis was placed on the principles, advantages, limitations, and performance characteristics of each assay. Key factors analyzed include ease of use, detection mechanisms, compatibility with high-throughput screening, and potential cytotoxicity. Preliminary observations suggest that while MTT is widely accepted and cost-effective, it requires solubilization steps and is endpoint-only. In contrast, Alamar Blue is non-toxic, allowing for real-time and repeated measurements. WST-1 offers a soluble alternative to MTT with faster results and less interference but may be more sensitive to experimental conditions. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these assays is essential for selecting the most appropriate viability test for specific experimental goals. This poster serves as a reference for undergraduate and early-career researchers aiming to implement reliable, efficient, and interpretable viability assays in cancer cell studies.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

55 Aquaponics Water Sustains Plant Growth in Simulated Martian Soil Emori Long1, Jillian L. Pope1, Ray Oneal1 , Christine Larson2 DeAngelo Evans2, Jesse Edwards3, Laura Tiu4, Fannie Espida4 Alexander Bolques4 Florida A&M University, College of Science and Technology, Tallahassee, Fl 323071 Florida A&M University, School of the Environment, Tallahassee, Fl 323071 Morgan State University, School of Computer Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Baltimore, MD 212513 University of Florida IFAS, Sea Grant, 732 N. 9th St. DeFuniak Springs, FL 324334 Florida A&M University, Research and Extension Center, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Tallahassee, 4259 Bainbridge Hwy, Quincy, FL 323524 emori1.long@famu.edu

To establish and sustain a colony on planets like Mars, reliable and nutritious food sources are crucial. Aquaponics, which integrates fish farming and plant growth with hydroponics (growing plants in water without soil), offers a promising solution. To minimize the need for large payloads on space missions, resources like fertilizer, water, and soil must be reduced or eliminated. Aquaponics removes the need for fertilizer by using fish in a water system that is oxygenated by plants, where they grow and potentially reproduce during the trip. The water, filtered throughout the journey, will contain waste that can be utilized as fertilizer. In an earlier experiment, lettuce and soybean plants grown in simulated Martian soil with aquaponics water showed slightly better growth than those with commercial fertilizer. This suggests that aquaponics water can provide essential nutrients for plants in Martian soil. This study monitors the growth of lettuce in simulated Martian soil to compare growth patterns with previous research. Additionally, our work emphasizes the importance of proper watering techniques for hydroponic and aquaponic lettuce cultivation to ensure healthy production.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

56 Detection of Acidic Surfactants Using a Mdoified Dye Carneisha F. Magloire, Danielle Eniola, Bishnu P. Regmi Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Science and Technology Carneisha1.magloire@famu.edu

Precise and effective identification of surfactants is crucial for environmental surveillance and industrial purposes. Conventional techniques like spectrophotometry can be expensive and intricate, requiring the creation of more straightforward options. In this research, a water insoluble dye trihexyltetradecylphosphonium thymol blue ([P66614][TB]) was produced with a yield of 90.2% and explored as a colorimetric sensor for measuring sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), an anionic surfactant, levels under acidic conditions. Rather than using a spectrophotometer, digital images were taken with an iPhone, and the color changes caused by surfactants were examined using ImageJ software. The intensity values of the RGB channels were obtained to measure the dye's reaction to different SDS concentrations. Findings showed a significant relationship between SDS levels and variations in certain RGB channels, suggesting a feasible smartphone-based, economical detection technique. This method provides a quick, easily accessible option for surfactant analysis, suitable for environmental and industrial applications. Additional studies will investigate its sensitivity in various surfactant systems and enhance its application in complex sample matrices.

57 The Use of Mirroring to Reduce Data Bias – A Deepfake Experiment Lauren A Matthews: Dr. Idongesit Mkpong-Ruffin: Dr. Deidre W. Evans Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University lauren1.matthews@famu.edu

Deepfakes are sophisticated, AI-generated alterations of images and videos that pose significant threats to cybersecurity, particularly with face-swapping techniques that can deceive and spread misinformation. A major limitation in current deepfake detection strategies is that the deepfakes used to train these models are often lower quality than those encountered in real-world scenarios (He et al. 2019). This weakens model performance when tested against more sophisticated media alterations. To bridge this gap, deepfake detection datasets must evolve to include high-quality deepfakes that better reflect the real-world threats. This study examines popular datasets such as Celeb-DF and DF-1.0, which revealed that despite efforts toward attribute variability, these datasets often lack demographic and facial variability. Even more important, many datasets do not publish attribute annotations, preventing researchers from fully understanding the biases present in their training data. Without dataset transparency, models may be unknowingly trained on biased data, limiting their ability to generalize effectively. The study presents an experiment using FaceSwap, a widely used deepfake creation tool, to investigate how dataset composition affects deepfake generation and detection. The experiment is dual-focused: (1) analyzing the impact of dataset augmentation through horizontal mirroring, which aims to increase facial orientation variability and improve model performance, and (2) evaluate how FaceSwap performs on subjects with different attributes to identify inherent biases in the deepfake generation process.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

58 Development of a Healthy Granola Bar with Sprouted Pumpkin Seeds: Enhancing Functional Benefits and Nutritional Value Kendyl Meeks: JeNina Elora Rose: Roderick Conley: Oluwatoyin Olaoluwa Sangokunle, Ph.D. College of Agriculture and Food Science oluwatoyin.sangokunle@famu.edu

Consumers increasingly seek snack foods that provide convenience and enhanced health benefits.

Many commercial granola bars contain high-added sugars and lack functional ingredients that can support metabolic health. Sprouted pumpkin seeds are rich in bioavailable nutrients, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds, a promising underexplored ingredient that may improve metabolic health. This study aims to formulate and characterize a nutrient-dense granola bar incorporating sprouted pumpkin seeds to enhance protein quality, improve mineral bioavailability, and potentially offer prebiotic advantages. The research will optimize the granola bar formulation by varying the proportion of sprouted pumpkin seeds while maintaining desirable textural and sensory qualities. Proximate composition, mineral bioavailability, moisture content, water activity, texture analysis, and shelf-life stability will be evaluated. Additionally, a sensory evaluation will be conducted to determine consumer acceptability. We hypothesize that granola bars with sprouted pumpkin seeds will show improved nutritional profiles, increased mineral bioavailability, and acceptable sensory attributes compared to traditional formulations. The anticipated findings will offer insights into the functional role of sprouted seeds in snack foods, promoting better nutrient absorption and metabolic health. This research contributes to the expanding field of functional food development by addressing the demand for healthier, nutrient-dense snack options, potentially guiding future innovations that enhance dietary quality and consumer health. It will interest food scientists, nutritionists, and product developers seeking novel approaches to functional snack formulations.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

59 Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on Cancer Promoting Bacteria Joi Monsanto1, Keiondra Chatman2, Jillian L. Pope2 Tallahassee State College1, Florida A&M Univeristy2, Tallahassee, FL Jillian.Pope@famu.edu

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common cancer. CRC occurs in the large intestine and can arise from inflammation and dysbiosis. Natural products can be utilized to treat inflammation and dysbiosis, thus decreasing risk for CRC development. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is isolated from rosemary plants and has demonstrated anti-cancer properties and possesses antibacterial activity. Our lab is investigating the potential of RA to reduce intestinal damage induced by CRC-promoting bacteria, such as E coli-NC101, which produces a genotoxin that promotes DNA damage in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). NC101 was cultured with a series of 2-fold dilutions of RA ranging from 10mg/mL to 0.01mg/mL, and OD600 was measured to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). We observed no change in growth of E.coli-NC101, suggesting NC101 may have additional mechanisms that protect it against RA. Further experiments will determine effect of RA on NC101-induced DNA damage.

60 Improving Rat Welfare: Ethical Training for Syringe-Based Oral Dosing McKenzie L. Moore Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University mckenzie1.moore@famu.edu

Abstract: The use of restraint in laboratory animals for oral dosing procedures often causes stress levels to rise, which not only impacts the accuracy of research outcomes but also raises significant ethical concerns when executing these procedures. The stress levels have been seen with an increase in salivary amylase activity as well as increases in plasma corticosterone levels.

Due to the increasing need for more humane practices in animal research, this project explores and highlights humane and ethical alternatives to traditional restraint-based methods for oral dosing. To address this issue, I implemented a training protocol using positive reinforcement techniques to gain the trust of my laboratory rats for syringe-based oral dosing. Instead of relying on physical restraint, the rats were gradually introduced to the syringe, which was filled with a sweet mixture of agave and water as a reward for calm and controlled behaviour, demonstrating a progression of trust. This non-restrictive approach aimed to reduce stress levels and enhance the effectiveness of the dosing procedures. The outcome of my research provides reassuring evidence that ethical alternatives to traditional restraint techniques offer a more humane approach to laboratory procedures. By reducing stress levels in laboratory animals, this handling method along with others enhances the reliability of research findings while corresponding with ethical standards in animal welfare. As animal-based research continues to grow, it is crucial to prioritize animal welfare and explore more ethical procedures.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

61 Investigating Pseudomonas sp. Strain VMI-RSR-ORR-1 for Cadmium Remediation: A Step Toward Eco-friendly Heavy Metal Detoxification

Kayla Morris, Amari Desouza, Alexandria Curry, Mwashote, Benjamin, Victor Ibeanusi, Rajesh Singh Rathore Core Laboratory, School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal with severe environmental and human health risks due to its persistence and bioaccumulation in ecosystems. It originates from both natural processes, such as volcanic activity and rock weathering, and anthropogenic sources, including mining, smelting, industrial waste, and phosphate fertilizers. Once released, cadmium accumulates in soil and water, disrupting ecological balance and poisoning food chains. In plants, it inhibits photosynthesis, root elongation, and nutrient absorption, leading to growth retardation and chlorosis. In animals, cadmium primarily accumulates in the liver and kidneys, causing organ damage, metabolic dysfunction, and reproductive toxicity. Human exposure, mainly through contaminated water and food, is linked to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Osteomalacia and Osteoporosis, Liver Dysfunction, Cardiovascular Diseases, and several metabolic disorders like Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid function, etc. This study investigates the cadmium bioremediation potential of Pseudomonas sp. VMI-RSR-ORR-1, a strain isolated from the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) site using a 0.5 mM cadmium-selective medium. The strain’s tolerance was evaluated across a range of cadmium concentrations (0–10 mM), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined at 0.75 mM. Preliminary results demonstrated a significant reduction in cadmium levels within the first day of exposure; however, the strain exhibited an adaptive tolerance to prolonged cadmium stress. These findings underscore the potential of Pseudomonas sp. VMI-RSR-ORR-1 as an effective bioremediation candidate and highlights the need for further research to optimize microbial strategies for mitigating heavy metal contamination.

62 Enhancing Convolutional Neural Network Performance for Corneal Ulcer Classification Through Advanced Image Augmentation Techniques Nellia Nicholas; Jada Turner; Thanh Paul Dinh Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, 1415 South Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307 Neilla1.nicholas@famu.edu, jada1.turner@famu.edu, Thanh1.Dinh@famu.edu

Corneal ulcers pose a considerable threat to ocular health, necessitating timely detection and intervention to prevent serious complications. While traditional diagnostic approaches are effective, they often rely on subjective clinician interpretations. This study introduces an innovative data augmentation method tailored for training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to accurately classify corneal ulcers. Leveraging advanced image editing techniques, such as contrast and exposure manipulation, this technique enhances the network's ability to discern subtle visual cues within corneal images. By augmenting a dataset of 712 corneal images, our approach exposes the CNN to a broader spectrum of visual features, mimicking real-world variations encountered in clinical practice. Our augmentation strategy encompasses diverse transformations, including affine adjustments for geometric variations, elastic deformations to simulate natural ulcer appearances, and synthetic noise injection to enhance resilience to imperfections.

Additionally, techniques like random cropping and brightness/contrast adjustments acknowledge variability in image scale and lighting conditions. This method addresses the challenge of limited dataset size in medical image analysis, particularly in specialized fields like ophthalmology.

Through targeted enhancements in image quality and diversity, our CNN demonstrates significantly improved accuracy in ulcer classification and segmentation. Extensive experimentation validates the efficacy of our approach, showcasing notable enhancements in sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy compared to conventional augmentation methods. Our results demonstrate the profound impact of comprehensive data augmentation on model performance, achieving a remarkable validation accuracy of 92%, with sensitivity and specificity reaching 89% and 94%, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of employing varied augmentation strategies to bolster model performance in medical image analysis, potentially facilitating earlier detection, accurate diagnosis, and improved patient care in managing corneal ulcers.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

63 Evaluating the Role of Agar Composition on Photonic Biofilm Development Samuel J. Omeke1,2; Cianna G. Williams1,2; Annie Scutte1,2; Jamel Ali1,2 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee Florida 32310, USA 2 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA

1

jali@eng.famu.fsu.edu

We investigate the influence of agar stiffness on bacterial motility and the development of photonically active biofilms. Specifically, in this work, we evaluate how variations in salt and agar polymer concentration alter the behaviour of a marine bacterial biofilm. Agar substrates were prepared with concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 percent agar and were characterized using rheological measurements. Widefield imaging techniques were employed to monitor bacterial gliding motility, while digital light microscopy captured the evolution of biofilm structural color. The approach integrated precise rheology and time-lapse imaging to quantify how substrates of different stiffness effect bacterial self-organization and color. It was observed that modifications in salt concentration significantly alter the substrate’s stress-relaxation properties, thereby influencing the biofilm’s optical output. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of microbial behaviour and have promising implications for the development of engineered materials and bioinspired photonic applications.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

64 Enhancing the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance of Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Composite Using Amino-Sulfonated Additives Bliss B Quant; Simeon S Newman; Zariyah A. Springer; Dr. Natalie Y Arnett Ph.D. FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Natalie.arnett@famu.edu

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are widely researched for their potential to efficiently convert chemical energy into electrical energy for sustainable applications. A key component of PEMFCs is the polymer exchange membrane, which facilitates ion transport from the anode to the cathode. Previous work from our lab demonstrated a significant increase in proton conductivity by incorporating amino sulfonic acid additives into a sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) matrix, achieving conductivities (0.123 S/cm) exceeding commercial membranes.

This research will utilize carboxylic acid and alkyne groups on phenolphthalein (PPLn) and alkyne phenolphthalein (a-PPLn) to chemically link amino sulfonic acid additives along PAES polymer backbones. Films will be prepared using PPLn-PAES and a-PPLn-PAES homopolymers with varying percentages of 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (ABSA), 3-amino-4hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (AHBSA), and aniline-2-sulfonic acid (ASA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) will be used to enhance the physicochemical stability of proton-exchange membranes (PEMs). The sulfonic acid and amine groups are expected to improve both mechanical stability and proton conductivity. Chemical analysis using NMR and FTIR will confirm the presence of SO₂⁺ groups, while DSC and TGA will assess thermal properties. Mechanical properties will be analyzed using DMA. Additionally, the impact of additive type and concentration on structureproperty relationships, proton conductivity, and overall fuel cell performance will be evaluated to optimize membrane efficiency.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

65 Copper Metal Bioremediation with Oak Ridge Reservation Site Bacterial Consortia and Bacterial Response through Proteins Expression Rosemarie Rosales, Victor Ibeanusi, Judith O Madukwe, Veera LD Badisa School of the Environment, Florida A&M University veera.badisa@famu.edu

Copper metal can be toxic at low concentrations, even though it is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms. Anthropogenic activities such as mining and fungicide usage led to copper contamination in the environment. It mostly enters the food chain from plants and accumulates in the human body which can cause brain and kidney damage, liver cirrhosis and chronic anemia.

Due to its harmful effects and non-degradability, there is an urgent need for the development of strong, cheaper, and eco-friendly remediation of copper from the environment. Bioremediation is the usage of living organisms such as bacteria to degrade pollutants in the environment restoring the environment. In this study, copper metal remediation was investigated with the bacterial consortia isolated from Oak Ridge Reservation site. Bacterial response to the copper metal was also studied with protein expression. Bacterial culture was incubated with various concentrations of copper in an incubator at twenty five degrees Celsius with continuous rotation speed of eighty rotations per minute for four days. The copper metal concentration in the supernatant was measured with Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The proteins expression was examined through four to ten percent sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the bacteria remediated copper metal which was shown by the decrease of copper metal in the supernatant after four days of incubation. The gel showed the differential expression of bacterial proteins with or without metal incubation. This study clearly showed the bioremediation of copper metal with Oak Ridge Reservation site bacterial consortia and isolated copper resistant bacteria can be used to remediate copper in the polluted environmental samples.

66 Development of a Healthy Granola Bar with Sprouted Pumpkin Seeds: Enhancing Functional Benefits and Nutritional Value JeNina Elora Rose: Kendyl Meeks: Roderick Conley: Oluwatoyin Olaoluwa Sangokunle, Ph.D. College of Agriculture and Food Science Email of the Corresponding Author: oluwatoyin.sangokunle@famu.edu

Consumers increasingly seek snack foods that provide convenience and enhanced health benefits.

Many commercial granola bars contain high-added sugars and lack functional ingredients that can support metabolic health. Sprouted pumpkin seeds are rich in bioavailable nutrients, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds, a promising underexplored ingredient that may improve metabolic health. This study aims to formulate and characterize a nutrient-dense granola bar incorporating sprouted pumpkin seeds to enhance protein quality, improve mineral bioavailability, and potentially offer prebiotic advantages. The research will optimize the granola bar formulation by varying the proportion of sprouted pumpkin seeds while maintaining desirable textural and sensory qualities. Proximate composition, mineral bioavailability, moisture content, water activity, texture analysis, and shelf-life stability will be evaluated. Additionally, a sensory evaluation will be conducted to determine consumer acceptability. We hypothesize that granola bars with sprouted pumpkin seeds will show improved nutritional profiles, increased mineral bioavailability, and acceptable sensory attributes compared to traditional formulations. The anticipated findings will offer insights into the functional role of sprouted seeds in snack foods, promoting better nutrient absorption and metabolic health. This research contributes to the expanding field of functional food development by addressing the demand for healthier, nutrient-dense snack options, potentially guiding future innovations that enhance dietary quality and consumer health. It will interest food scientists, nutritionists, and product developers seeking novel approaches to functional snack formulations.

67 In-Silico Identification of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Natural Productbased Antimelanogenic Agents.

Naria S. Ross1, Steven M. Ewell2, Hanna Burton3 Bereket Mochona*2 1

Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA 2 Department of Chemistry, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA 3 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA *Corresponding author: bereket.mochona@famu.edu.

Abstract: Melanin is a biopolymer that plays a key role in protecting the skin against the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation, and it is the primary determinant of skin color. Melanogenesis is a physiological process resulting in melanin production from melanocytes. Tyrosinase catalyzes the first step of this process, and down-regulation of its activity is responsible for inhibiting melanogenesis. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors are clinically helpful in treating some dermal disorders and cosmetics (skin-lightening) due to decreasing the excessive accumulation of pigmentation resulting from the enzyme action. This study aimed to develop natural product-based tyrosinase inhibitors using cinnamic acid as a lead molecule. A library of cinnamic acid derivatives with anticancer activity was retrieved from the literature to elucidate the physicochemical properties of compounds essential for tyrosinase inhibition and identify molecules with enhanced tyrosinase inhibitory activity and bioavailability. In Silico profiling and lead optimization approaches were employed. Prioritization of lead-like compounds was accomplished by performing molecular docking, bioavailability assessments, and toxicity prediction for 12 compounds. Our preliminary study generated a validated model and three cinnamides with enhanced tyrosinase inhibitory activity and bioavailability as potential antimelanogenic agents for further investigation.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

68 The Inhibitory Effects of Thymoquinone on Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression Induced by IFN-ᵧ in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Kailar D. Shaw; Equar Taka; Jamykal S.T. Jones; Sarah L. Reed Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy E-mail of corresponding author – kailar.shaw@famu.edu

Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, approximately 15% of breast cancers are categorized as TNBC. The characteristics of TNBC are that it does not have estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The overall survival of TNBC is low compared to other breast cancer subtypes. The reason for this is that TNB lacks ER, PR, or HER2, and this can make it hard to treat because there are no receptors for cancer drugs to target. In addition, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is overexpressed in TNBC, inhibiting T cell function, resulting in immunosuppression, and increasing tumor growth. PD-L1 expression can be induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in tumor cells. Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural compound derived from Nigella sativa, has anticancer properties, but its effects on IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in TNBC remain unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that TQ might enhance the anticancer immune response in TNBC cells by inhibiting the expression of PD-L1. In this study, the inhibitory effects of TQ on PD-L1 expression in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells following IFN-γ stimulation were investigated. To evaluate the effect of TQ on these cells viability, a Resazurin Assay was used. We also used Western blot analysis to assess PD-L1 expression levels in response to TQ treatment. Preliminary findings indicate that TQ significantly reduces IFN-γ-induced PDL1 expression in both cell lines, suggesting its potential to enhance antitumor immunity. These results highlight the immune role of TQ and its promise as a therapeutic agent for TNBC. This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

69 Safety Assessment of Work Zones in the State of Florida Raven K. Simmons: Dr. Doreen Kobelo Regalado Florida A&M University School of Architecture and Engineering Technology Raven1.Simmons@famu.edu, Doreen.Kobelo@famu.edu

Construction zones inherently create hazardous environments, exposing construction workers, motorists, and bystanders to elevated risks. Despite existing safety protocols, the persistently high rate of fatalities and serious injuries in these areas continues to be a significant global concern, leading to considerable human and economic costs. A comprehensive safety management approach that includes strategic initiatives is crucial to reducing—and potentially eliminating— fatalities and severe injuries in work zones. Florida, for instance, ranks eighth in the nation for fatal crashes involving Commercial Motor Vehicles (CMVs) in work zones, according to the Federal Highway Administration. Notably, 68% of these fatal crashes occur on urban roadways, and 47% take place on interstate highways, as reported by the FARS, NHTSA database. This project aims to evaluate the current safety measures implemented in work zones across the top three counties—Orange, Broward, and Duval—which are ranked in the highest 35% for "Work Zones." The primary goal is to identify effective strategies to reduce fatalities and serious injuries within these regions. The project conducts a comparative analysis of the safety measures recommended by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) against those currently in place by the state and contractors in these counties, aiming to highlight any discrepancies and pinpoint areas for improvement. Additionally, a review of crash statistics from the past five years will be carried out, focusing specifically on fatal and serious injury crashes within work zones in the targeted counties. Through this multifaceted approach, the project seeks to enhance work zone safety and ultimately reduce the occurrence of fatalities and serious injuries. This project has the potential to significantly improve safety in construction zones by identifying gaps in current measures and proposing effective solutions to reduce fatalities and serious injuries. The findings could influence safety protocols and practices nationwide, making construction zones safer for workers and the public.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

70 Investigation of the Phosphate Binding Properties of Synthetic and Biopolymers to Minimize Diabetic Ketoacidosis Lauryn M. Stoney, Dr. Natalie Arnett Florida A&M University College of Science and Technology, FAMU/FSU College of Engineering (Lauryn1.stoney@famu.edu) Diabetes is a chronic illness characterized by high blood glucose levels. Over time, high glucose levels can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis due to the body not forming sufficient insulin to convert the blood sugar into energy usage for your cells. Diabetic ketoacidosis causing hyperphosphatemia, a buildup of phosphate in the body, which can result in renal kidney failure and other life-threatening health issues. The buildup of phosphate in the human body can potentially lead to heart attack and other serious illnesses in diabetic patients. The goal through this research is to fabricate synthetic, (poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PPLn PAES) and biodegradable, poly(xylitol sebacate) (PXS) polymers as phosphate binders to lessen the risk of these serious health complications in hyperphosphatemia patients. Phenolphthalin based PAES homopolymer (PPLn PAES) prepared in four polar aprotic solvents. Synthesis of PPLn PAES was accomplished by dissolving PPLn and difluorodiphenylsulfone (DFDPS) monomers (1:1 molar ratio) in a polar aprotic solvent (20 wt%) in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) at 150 °C for 72 hours. Synthesis of the poly(xylitol sebacate), PXS, was accomplished by reacting xylitol and sebacic acid monomers at 150 °C for 15hr. The remediation of phosphate and nitrate ions was evaluated using a Hanna Instruments HI83300 multiparameter benchtop photometer and pH meter. Preliminary results showed high nitrate remediation (100%) after six days for PPLn PAES samples. Our research will utilize similar conditions to test the adsorption of phosphates and nitrate for PPLn PAES and PXS samples.

71 Establishing a Hypoxia Model Using Mouse N2a Cells to Investigate the Involvement of Nrf2 and MMP-9 in Neurodegeneration McClain M. Stroud; Tracy A. Womble College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Mcclain1.stroud@famu.edu; tracy.womble@famu.edu

Ischemic strokes occur when blood flow to the brain is obstructed, preventing the oxygen from reaching brain tissue. Our research involves developing a hypoxia model using mouse neuroblastoma cells to explore the involvement of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in developing neurodegenerative diseases. This will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to neurodegeneration and the pathways involved. The objective of this study is to establish a hypoxic model that will mimic the oxygen deprivation observed during an ischemic stroke. Neuroblastoma cells were cultured using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium and other supplements. Hypoxia was induced using a hypoxia chamber. Time points of one hour, three hours and six hours will be used to induce the hypoxic insult, and a control will remain in normoxic conditions. Following the hypoxic insult, cell viability will be measured using a Resazurin reduction assay to measure viable cells. These results will provide a representative model of the time points necessary to explore the involvement of additional proteins of interest in neurodegenerative diseases. The results may provide insight into the neurodegenerative process following an ischemic stroke.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

72 Lead (Pb) Toxicity and Microbial Bioremediation: Insights from Pseudomonas sp. Strain VMI-RSR-ORR-1 for Environmental Cleanup Jada K. Taylor: Amari R. Desouza: Rajesh S. Rathore: Benjamin L. Mwashote: Victor Ibeanusi Core Laboratory, School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Amari1.desouza@famu.edu, Rajesh1.rathore@famu.edu, Benjamin.Mwashorte@famu.edu, Victor.Ibeanusi@famu.edu

Heavy metals, particularly lead, are toxic environmental pollutants with significant adverse effects on both ecosystems and human health. Lead contamination originates from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources include volcanic activity and the weathering of rocks, but the majority of lead contamination arises from human activities, such as lead mining, smelting, and industrial processes. Additionally, lead-based products like paints, pipes, ceramics, and batteries have contributed to long-lasting environmental pollution. Lead also enters water bodies through runoff from contaminated soil and industrial waste, further exacerbating contamination.

Pb exposure in humans causes neurological, reproductive, and renal damage, including cognitive deficits, hypertension, kidney failure, and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic exposure can also disrupt the endocrine and immune systems, leading to thyroid dysfunction, and impairing the ability to combat infections. In microbes, lead disrupts cellular processes, impairs enzyme activity, induces oxidative stress, and diminishes microbial diversity, altering ecosystem functions. This study explores the bioremediation potential of Pseudomonas sp. VMI-RSR-ORR-1, a leadresistant bacterial strain isolated from the Oak Ridge Reservation site. At different time intervals (3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours), the strains growth and lead depletion capabilities were monitored.

Preliminary results revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 mM for lead, with significant reductions in lead levels, quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). These findings underscore the potential of VMI-RSR-ORR-1 as an effective bioremediation agent for lead-contaminated environments, contributing to strategies for mitigating the impacts of heavy metal pollution.

73 Regional Analysis of Urbanization Trends in Florida: A 20-year Geospatial Study Janelle Thomas1, Jingqiu Chen1 1. Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32310 Email of corresponding author: jingqiu.chen@famu.edu

Florida’s rapid urbanization has significantly impacted its environment and resources. Building on previous research, this research extends the analysis to a regional level, examining urbanization trends across Florida’s Panhandle, Northeast, Central, and South regions. Utilizing the MultiResolution Land Characteristic Consortium National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, we conducted a detailed geospatial analysis of land cover changes over a 20-year period from 2001 to 2021, with data analyzed at five-year intervals.

This research aims to identify regional variations in urbanization patterns and their potential environmental impacts. Specifically, we will observe changes in high-intensity, medium-intensity, and low-intensity developed lands and open spaces. By calculating the percentage change of these land cover types, we seek to understand better land cover dynamics and their implications for resource management. The study further explores the impact of increased impervious surfaces on watersheds, water quality, and quantity. By analyzing urbanization at the county level within each region, this research provides a better understanding of land cover dynamics and their environmental impacts. The insights gained are crucial for developing targeted resource management strategies and preserving Florida’s biodiversity and ecosystem services.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

74 Detection of ionic surfactants using a modified dye Ti’Liyah, D, Veal, Emmani Hagins, and Bishnu P. Regmi College of Science and Technology and Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University

Tiliyah1.veal@famu.edu

Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms with applications in environmental remediation, pharmaceuticals, and industrial processes. These biodegradable alternatives to synthetic surfactants help reduce pollution and improve sustainability. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a synthetic anionic surfactant, serves as a model system for studying biosurfactants due to its well-defined structure and interaction with hydrophobic compounds.

However, accurate detection of biosurfactants remains a challenge, as current methods are often complex, expensive, and time-consuming. Developing a simple and effective detection method is essential for environmental monitoring and industrial applications. In this study, a water-insoluble dye, trihyexyltetradecylphosphonium bromocresol purple, was synthesized by reacting bromocresol purple sodium with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, achieving a 74.7% yield.

The synthesized compound changed its color upon interaction with SDS, indicating its potential as a biosurfactant sensor. To evaluate its effectiveness, the compound was tested in Dove body wash, which contain different surfactants studies using real-world samples aim to further validate the method and expand its applicability. This research highlights the significance of developing simple, cost-effective, and accurate biosurfactant detection methods with environmental and industrial benefits. The proposed colorimetric approach offers a rapid and visually interpretable response, making it an accessible alternative to conventional techniques. Future work will explore its broader applications in environmental systems, enhancing biosurfactant monitoring and contributing to more sustainable surfactant management practices

75 Comparative Analysis of MTT, Alamar Blue, and WST-1 Assays for Assessing Cell Viability in Cancer Research Williams, G, Taylor, Lawson, K, Dominique. Hudson, M, Alicia. Darling-Reed, F, Selina.

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. alicia.hudson@famu.edu, selina.darling@famu.edu

Accurate and reproducible measurement of cell viability is a cornerstone of cancer research, particularly in evaluating the effects of potential chemotherapeutic agents. Among the most commonly used colorimetric and fluorometric assays are MTT, Alamar Blue (resazurin), and WST-1, each of which assesses cellular metabolic activity as a proxy for cell viability. While widely used, these assays differ in sensitivity, detection method, toxicity, and practical application in lab settings. This study presents a comparative overview of MTT, Alamar Blue, and WST-1 assays in the context of cancer cell research using triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231) as a model. No drug treatments were applied; instead, emphasis was placed on the principles, advantages, limitations, and performance characteristics of each assay. Key factors analyzed include ease of use, detection mechanisms, compatibility with high-throughput screening, and potential cytotoxicity. Preliminary observations suggest that while MTT is widely accepted and cost-effective, it requires solubilization steps and is endpoint-only. In contrast, Alamar Blue is non-toxic, allowing for real-time and repeated measurements. WST-1 offers a soluble alternative to MTT with faster results and less interference but may be more sensitive to experimental conditions. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these assays is essential for selecting the most appropriate viability test for specific experimental goals. This poster serves as a reference for undergraduate and early-career researchers aiming to implement reliable, efficient, and interpretable viability assays in cancer cell studies.

This research was made possible by the FAMU Title III Undergraduate Research Program Project 008042 and the FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research.

URS COMMITTEE Undergraduate Research Symposium Committee Undergraduate Research Symposium Committee Tiffany Wilson Ardley, Ph.D. Tiffany Wilson Ardley, Ph.D. Director, Office of Undergraduate Research

Office of Undergraduate Research AssociateDirector, Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CoPPS, IPH Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CoPPS, IPH

Dominique Bailey, MA, NCC Jennifer Collins, Ph.D. SLS Instructor

Associate Provost, FirstofYear StudiesStudies & Academic Excellence Office Freshman

W. Evans, Ph.D. Ph.D. JulianDeidre L. BourneSmothers,

Director, Honors Center SLS University Course Coordinator Associate Professor, Department of Computer & Information Sciences Office of Freshman Studies (OFS)

Jennifer Collins, Ph.D. Brandon Moton, DrPH, Studies MPH Assistant Provost, Freshmen

Division Director & Assistant Division of Health Science ProfessorProfessor, of Management

Deidre W. Evans, Ph.D. Director, University Honors Center Associate Professor, Department of Computer & Information Sciences

Brandon Moton, DrPH, MPH Assistant Professor Division of Health Science School of Allied Health Sciences

Acknowledgements The URS Committee would like to thank all who helped to make this symposium a success with a special thanks to the following:

Dr. Arthur Cavano

Director of Venue Management, Al Lawson Multipurpose Center

Mr. Michael Williams

Coordinator, Moving & Setup, Al Lawson Multipurpose Center

Mrs. Alicia Hudson

Director, Office of STEM Outreach

Mrs. Angela Hodge-Sparrow

Administrative Assistant for BSPS Degree Program, CoPPS, IPH

Mrs. Melissa Golden-Smith

Computer Applications Coordinator, FAMU CoPPS, IPH

FAMU Title III Programs