Florida A&M University 2023 Student Research Forum Program

Florida A&M University 2023 Student Research Forum (SRF) Wednesday, October 25, 2023 College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health 12:00 Noon-5:30 PM

Organized by The Florida A&M University Office of Undergraduate Research The 2023 SRF activities have been sponsored by a generous contribution from AbbVie

2023 Student Research Forum The Student Research Forum is designed to bring together Florida A&M University (FAMU) investigators, their research associates and students to exchange research findings in the areas of life sciences, engineering, technology, pharmaceutical sciences and clinical research. The focus of the forum is on student poster presentations. FAMU’s research students will have ample opportunity to refine the art and science of research presentations. This experience will certainly enhance the students’ ability to present at national meetings. Appropriate input from all participants is, therefore, encouraged and expected.

The Student Research Forum is organized primarily by the Office of Undergraduate Research at FAMU. Most of the presenters are supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Research Center at a Minority Institution (RCMI) program and other federal, governmental or private agencies. Student Research Forum activities are funded by AbbVie.

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: Tiffany W. Ardley, PhD Director, Office of Undergraduate Research Florida A&M University Tallahassee, FL 32307 850-599-3774 Tiffany.Ardley@famu.edu

Florida A&M University Tallahassee Campus

The University campus is comprised of 156 buildings situated on 423 acres in the heart of Tallahassee.

About Florida A&M University Founded October 3, 1887, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) is a public, historically Black university located in Tallahassee, Florida.

What distinguishes FAMU from other universities is its legacy of providing access to a high-quality, affordable education with programs and services that guide students toward successfully achieving their dreams. FAMU is part of the State University System of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

In addition to the main Tallahassee campus, FAMU has several satellite campuses across Florida. These include the College of Law in Orlando and the College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, which has sites in Crestview, Tampa, Jacksonville, and Miami.

QUICK FACTS • • • •

Enrolls nearly 10,000 students from across the United States and more than 70 countries.

2020-2021 Academic Profile (Admitted First Time in College Students) – 3.67 GPA / 23 ACT Retention Rate 82% / Acceptance Rate 30% One-third of summer and fall 2020 incoming students majored in S.T.E.A.M.

ACCOLADES •

• • •

Ranked #91 in 2023 U.S. News & World Report Rankings o Highest ranked public HBCU for five consecutive years o Top 25 for Social Mobility Index 23 degree programs ranked in top 10 Number 1 HBCU for Research and Development (National Science Foundation) Named Fulbright HBCU Institutional Leader

About Florida A&M University University Mission Statement Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) is an 1890 land grant, doctoral/research institution devoted to student success at the undergraduate, graduate, doctoral and professional levels. FAMU enhances the lives of its constituents and empowers communities through innovative teaching, research, scholarship, partnerships, and public service. The University continues its rich legacy and historic mission of educating African Americans and embraces all dimensions of diversity.

University Vision Statement Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) will be recognized as a leading national public university that is internationally renowned for its competitive graduates, transformative research, and innovation.

University Values Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University is committed to the values of accountability, inclusion, innovation, and integrity. The University also values and endorses the Board of Governors' Statement of Free Expression and expects openminded and tolerant civil discourse to take place throughout the campus community.

These values represent the tenets that guide our actions, enable us to sustain our historical mission, and realize our strategic plan.

Message from Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer:

It is with great pleasure I extend warm greetings and support to all participants of the 2023 Student Research Forum (SRF). The SRF demonstrates our commitment to excellence in research. As the Chief Operating Officer of this esteemed institution, I firmly believe that research is an essential component of higher education. The SRF fosters innovation, teamwork, creativity, communication, and critical thinking skills, which are crucial for success in any profession.

I congratulate all the graduate and undergraduate students as well as their mentors for their vigorous energy and commitment to research activities on campus. I am always proud of the fact that principal investigators at FAMU receive substantial support from federal, state, and private sources. The fact that our faculty, staff, and students are able to take advantage of participating in the SRF in preparation for national and international conferences demonstrates that our research and training grants are meeting their mission and goals.

Florida A&M University has been successfully celebrating the annual SRF activities for many years. I commend the Office of Undergraduate Research and College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Publick Health for taking the leading role in organizing the SRF. I want to sincerely thank you and express my congratulations to the SRF Planning Committee for their hard work and dedication in preparing such a magnificent annual event.

I am looking forward to a productive and successful 2023 SRF on October 25, 2023 and I am confident that all research deliberations will be more exciting than ever.

Sincerely,

Donald E. Palm, III Donald E. Palm, III, Ph.D. Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer

DocuSign Envelope ID: BD83DA8C-B033-400D-9638-65040F258A00

FAMU-HAITI RELIEF COMMITTEE

OFFICE OF THE PROVOST AND VICE PRESIDENT OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS

TELEPHONE: (850) 599-3276 FAX: (850) 561-2551

Message from the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs I am pleased to warmly greet all participants of the 2023 Student Research Forum (SRF). Florida A&M University has been successfully celebrating the annual SRF activities for many years. I commend the College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences for leading in organizing the SRF since its inception. I sincerely thank you and congratulate the SRF Planning Committee for their hard work and dedication in preparing such a magnificent annual event. Because the SRF event is student-centered, I am very excited about the active participation of our students in biomedical and behavioral sciences. Most importantly, I congratulate all the graduate and undergraduate students, as well as their mentors, for their vigorous energy and commitment to research activities on campus.

I am always proud of the fact that principal investigators at FAMU receive substantial support from federal, state, and private sources. It is quite fitting that our faculty, staff, and students are taking advantage of such a wonderful opportunity. The fact that research students are getting ready for the podium and post presentations during the SRF is an obvious testimony that our research and training grants are meeting their mission and goals.

I want to thank AbbVie for its generous support and sponsorship of the FAMU Student Research Forum. I look forward to a productive and successful 2023 SRF on October 25, 2023, and am confident that all research deliberations will be more exciting than ever.

Sincerely,

Allyson L. Watson, Ph.D. Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs

FAMU IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/EQUAL ACCESS UNIVERSITY

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Tallahassee, Florida 32307 TELEPHONE: (850) 412-5012 FAX: (850) 412-4096

Excellence with Caring OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT FOR RESEARCH DIVISION OF RESEARCH

Congratulations to the organizers and participants of the 2023 FAMU Student Research Forum (SRF). Research is one of the core activities of faculty and students at a university such as Florida A&M. FAMU is a Carnegie R2 level research institution signifying high research activity. FAMU has a goal of reaching Carnegie R1 by 2030, which will signify very high research activity. We are depending on you, FAMU students and faculty, to help us achieve this goal. To be frank, we are in a race to become the first HBCU to reach R1 status. I ask that you embrace this challenge and help pull/push FAMU to this goal. The benefit will be more high paying jobs for students and increased research funding for faculty and students. We can do it with your help.

It is such a pleasure to see the outstanding bio-medical and behavioral research of FAMU's students and faculty. The success of SRF activities over the years is a clear indication of the hard work, tenacity and commitment to research demonstrated by you. Bio-medical and Behavioral Research are core areas of the FAMU research enterprise, which is quite appropriate historically, but also because these two areas are the centers of much modern exciting research with tremendous potential for discovery and scientific success.

The FAMU Division of Research (DoR) is committed to helping you write proposals, get contracts and grants, and manage the funding to provide support for your research. For more information about the Division of Research, please call 850-412-5096 or visit us in Room 410, FHAC.

10/23/2023

Charles A. Weatherford, PhD Vice President for Research sponsor@famu.edu

FAMU IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/EQUAL ACCESS UNIVERSITY

OFFICE OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH DIVISION OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS

TELEPHONE: (850)599-3774

October 25, 2023 It is my pleasure to welcome you all to the 2023 Florida A&M University Student Research Forum. Careful planning has taken place to ensure that today is a wonderful day of research being shared with the FAMU Community and beyond. It was not too long ago that I, myself, participated in the FAMU Student Research Forum both as an undergraduate student and as a graduate student. The experience and input that I gained from participating helped to prepare me for my future. It is my hope that all presenters take full advantage of this opportunity.

I would like to thank our sponsor, AbbVie, for their generous support of this event. We are especially appreciative of all of the efforts of our very own FAMU Alumna Dr. Joy Jackson-Guilford, Director, Diversity Hiring Enablement Talent Acquisition - Corporate Human Resources at AbbVie for working tirelessly to make sure that today’s event is a success. Additionally, I would like to thank all of the research mentors of the students who will be presenting their research today. Your valuable training and mentoring will help to shape these participants into becoming our future principal investigators. Lastly, I would like to thank our Student Research Forum panel of judges for taking the time out today to evaluate the research projects that will be presented. Your input will help our participants to sharpen their presentation skills and gain confidence when presenting their research.

To the Student Research Forum presenters, I wish each of you the very best as you share your research findings today.

Sincerely,

Tiffany W. Ardley, PhD Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry Director, Office of Undergraduate Research Director, Bachelor of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences Coordinator, 2023 Student Research Forum

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Tallahassee Main Campus

1415 South Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307

Excellence With Caring

College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Office of Dean

Telephone: (850) 599-3301 Fax: (850) 599-3347

To All Participants of the 2023 FAMU Research Forum: I am elated to bring you greetings and welcome you to the Florida A&M University (FAMU) Student Research Forum (SRF). We look to build off last year’s successful event. October 25, 2023, will be a great day of presentations from several disciplines from our undergraduate and graduate learners. The College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health is proud to serve as host for the second consecutive year. We are grateful to AbbVie, who is our corporate sponsor again this year.

With great joy and admiration, I congratulate each learner and mentor for their pursuit to further their scientific research in this program. We are here because of your continued commitment to expanding your academic knowledge.

I want to thank AbbVie for generously supporting our research forum this year. I look forward to continuing our partnership to ensure the success of our learners.

The National Institute of Health (NIH), the United States Department of Education, and the Research Center in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Program have been instrumental in strengthening and expanding research activities at FAMU. I would like to commend all faculty members who have excelled in generating research funding, demonstrating exceptional commitment to research, and performing superb student mentoring. These good efforts have been demonstrated in national symposia and scientific conferences. Our faculty efforts make our undergraduate learners well-prepared to become graduate learners.

Sincerely yours,

Johnnie L. Early, II, PhD, RPh, Fellow NPhA Dean and Professor

Photo credit: Jamal Brown, Pharm.D.

FAMU IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/EQUAL ACCESS UNIVERSITY

The School of Graduate Studies, Research and Continuing Education (SGSRC) mission is to collaborate with all Colleges and Schools in the production of graduate and professional degrees especially from underrepresented/under-served communities in a wide variety of fields for the future U.S. workforce.

We nurture the development and delivery of highquality graduate programs through innovative research internships and experiential learning opportunities including certificate programs, accelerated master’s and doctoral degrees.

Michael Abazinge, Ph.D. Associate Provost and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies & Research

SGSRC serves as a central resource for Graduate Students at Florida A&M University to facilitate their progression and be a conduit for student success. The School promotes placement of students into the workforce or professional schools.

SGSRC supports our students and faculty by providing a range of opportunities and programs such¾as:Fellowships ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

Graduate Assistantships In-state Waivers Out-state Waiver Delores A. Auzenne Fellowship Program Faculty Research Awards Program (FRAP) Continuing Education (professional development programs, workshops, and certificates)

515 Orr Drive, Suite 469, Tucker Hall 850-599-3505 graduateschool.famu.edu

On behalf of our entire team at AbbVie, welcome to the 2023 Florida A&M University Student Research Forum. We are excited to continue our partnership with FAMU where we have built lasting relationships while highlighting outstanding student achievements.

The Student Research Forum provides a unique opportunity for undergraduate and graduate students to share their research findings with subject matter experts, as well as the entire FAMU community of students, faculty, and administration. I am pleased to share that this year, we have seven AbbVie employees who will serve as judges and represent AbbVie’s functional areas of Research and Development and Operations, highlighting AbbVie’s commitment to this initiative. As active participants in the forum, this will give students an opportunity for visibility, to receive valuable feedback on their work and the possibility of securing internships and roles within the company.

As part of AbbVie’s equity, equality, diversity, and inclusion vision, we are on a continuous journey to strengthen our culture and support diverse talent. We do this in many ways, including supporting Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Our HBCU partnerships and programs, like the Student Research Forum, foster diverse talent in STEM careers which are critical to our efforts to build a more diverse workforce. These programs help to fill our talent pipeline as we recognize up-and-coming diverse talent and engage emerging student leaders with opportunities for career development and mentoring support.

We are delighted to support the Student Research Forum for another year and are thankful for the opportunity to aid in the development of these future changemakers. We hope that our continued efforts will lead to students considering AbbVie as part of their career journey.

Sincerely,

Joy Jackson-Guilford, MS, PhD Director, Diversity Hiring Enablement Talent Acquisition - Corporate Human Resources AbbVie

RATTLERS STRIKING FROM THE TOP

Biography

Ajarvis Cobb, PharmD, BCPS, BCPP, CPh Medical Science Liaison Psychiatry, AbbVie Neurosciences Ajarvis is the Medical Science Liaison supporting AbbVie’s Psychiatry therapeutic portfolio within Medical Affairs. In this role, he is responsible for developing and maintaining professional relationships with internal and external stakeholders, providing medical, scientific, and clinical trial support. He regularly engages in scientific exchanges with experts in the psychiatric landscape, facilitates diseases state and product-focused educational presentations and supports research initiatives as a passionate advocate for mental health patients.

Graduating from Florida A&M University with a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) in 2017, Ajarvis moved to Washington D.C. to complete a post-graduate residency at Howard University where his interest piqued in substance abuse/psychiatry. After completion at Howard University in 2018, he decided to pursue a second post-graduate residency specifically focused in psychiatry in Hollywood, FL at Memorial Healthcare System. After finally finishing two years of training and obtaining multiple board certifications, Ajarvis began his career as an advanced practice psychiatric pharmacist in Hollywood, FL as an integral team member in inpatient, outpatient and emergency services providing direct patient care for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, and substance use disorder patients. After practicing for almost 2 years, Ajarvis decided to transition his career into the pharmaceutical industry as a Medical Science Liaison in the psychiatry therapeutic area in 2020 supporting Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Northern FL and parts of Tennessee and South Carolina.

Outside of the MSL role, you will find Ajarvis mentoring others, traveling, hiking, watching sports and Youtube. He is a recent newlywed and enjoys creating memories with his wife, family and friends.

10/25/23

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RATTLERS STRIKING FROM THE TOP

Biography

Leida Bowen, PharmD Associate Director, Clinical Trial Diversity and Inclusion older for image Leida Bowen, as an Associate at AbbVie, is primarily tasked with enhancing the company's Clinical Trial Diversity strategy. She collaborates with numerous teams to improve clinical trial processes, ensuring increased participation from diverse physicians and patients. Additionally, she works with external stakeholders to raise clinical research awareness in underrepresented communities. At AbbVie, Leida has been an instrumental figure in diverse roles, including Associate Director in Research and Development and Senior Medical Science Liaison in Dermatology and Gastroenterology.

Leida is a proud graduate of Florida A&M University, where she received her Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD). During her time at Florida A&M University, Leida conducted malaria research with the Minority Health International Research Training program in Ghana, West Africa. Upon graduation, she completed a post-doctoral fellowship in Pharmacovigilance at Johnson & Johnson.

Leida resides in South Florida with her husband and daughter, Madison (4 years old), and son, Stephon (5 months old). In her free time, Leida enjoys running, yoga, and volunteering within her local community through the Jamaican Women of South Florida organization.

10/25/23

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RATTLERS STRIKING FROM THE TOP

Biography

Shade’ A. Ahmed Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ph.D. Candidate FAMU

AbbVie Portfolio Program Management EMBRACE Intern Shade’ was 1 of 17 interns in the 2023 cohort of the Experiential Program: Portfolio Program Management EMBRACE at AbbVie. In this role, she was placed on the Oncology Solid Tumors Acceleration Team (START) to support a non-small cell lung cancer initiative project, supported clinical trial assets from drug discovery to commercialization, assessed a multi-million-dollar to multi-billion-dollar budget, and interviewed cross-functional stakeholders.

Shade’ has a M.S. in Pharmaceutical Sciences and will be graduating with her Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences-Fall 2023 from Florida A & M University (FAMU). Her doctoral research is on the anticancer effects of natural compound fucoxanthin on genetically different Caucasian and African-American Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

In 2022, she won 1st place in the AbbVie Inc. FAMU student research forum of the graduate Pharmaceutical Sciences division. She is a McKnight Doctoral Fellow, a mentor, and is a part of organizations such as Sigma Phi Sigma Society- Beta Chapter, Rho Chi Honors Society, American Association for Cancer Research, and American Society for Investigative Pathology. She is also an executive board member of the Africa Biobank Research Consortium.

Outside of her Ph.D. studies, Shade’ enjoys watching movies, nature walks, skating, spending time with family and friends, and is a proud plant mom.

10/25/23

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Nyerere Billups was elevated to Sr. Director, Portfolio Program Management in May ’22.

Nyerere consistently delivers results with a strategic lens, innovative ideas, and a focus on advancing business-critical programs. Nyerere is a leader with a drive and passion for developing his team. Nyerere infuses a positive, inclusive, contagious energy that elevates those around him.

Nyerere was appointed Director, Pipeline Commercialization, in November 2020 to lead and drive the development of Integrated Evidence Strategy Team (IEST) program managers. In November 2021, Nyerere’s scope of responsibility was expanded to include Brand Strategy, Value & Access deliverable team program managers, and Pipeline Commercialization Model (PCM). Nyerere is a 2021 R&D Aesthetics President’s Award as part of the Aesthetics Team Model Integration and a 2022 R&D President’s award as part of the Pre-Approval Access Project Team. In 2022, Nyerere completed AbbVie’s Accelerated Development Program (ADP).

Nyerere received a NASA fellowship to start his career as a research assistant at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. He spent time at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) before moving into the industry with Quintiles as a clinical study manager. Nyerere spent over ten years in clinical operations in roles of increasing responsibility, from directly leading clinical trials with CROs and Sponsors to Director of Clinical Operations and overseeing staff and multiple programs.

Nyerere joined Pharmacyclics in June 2018 as Director of PMO Development Operations and led the transition of PCYC’s PMO integration into AbbVie’s PPM and assumed ownership of the PPM’s 2020 Governance priorities. Nyerere is passionate about culture, EEDI, and talent management (acquisition, development, and retention) and is engaged with PPM’s EMBRACE (Engaging Meaningfully to Befriend Race), R&D Diversity Council, and is a co-chair of AbbVie’s 2022 ERG of the year, the Black Business Network (BBN).

Nyerere currently holds several Board and Leadership positions in the community, including the Board of Trustees at his alma mater, Knox College, Youth Build Lake County, and Chicago Scholars. Nyerere enjoys spending time with his family, traveling, mentoring, public speaking, biking/running, family game nights, and leisurely reading.

FAMU STUDENT RESEARCH FORUM AC T I V I T I E S OCTOBER 25, 2023 NEW PHARMACY BUILDING , 1ST & 2ND FLOORS

12:00 PM – 1:00 PM Registration & Poster Set-up - 1st and 2nd Floors 1:00 PM – 1:30 PM - OPENING CEREMONY - Florida Blue Auditorium Welcome Dr. Tiffany Ardley, Director of Office of Undergraduate Research Dr. Joy Jackson-Guilford, Director - Diversity Hiring Enablement - AbbVie Dr. Charles Weatherford, Vice-President of Research Office of the President/Provost FAMU Student Research Forum Reflections Dr. Kinfe Ken Redda, Professor Emeritus, CoPPS, IPH BREAK 1:45 PM – 3:00 PM Poster Presentations & Judging (1st Floor) 3:30 PM – 4:30 PM Reception (2nd Floor) 4:30 PM - 5:30 PM - CLOSING CEREMONY - Florida Blue Auditorium AbbVie Experience & Introduction of the Speaker Shade’ Ahmad, 2023 AbbVie EMBRACE Intern Reception Speaker Chudy Nduaka, DVM, PhD, DABT Therapeutic Area Head, Dermatology U.S. Medical Affairs - AbbVie Award Presentations Closing Remarks Dr. Johnnie Early II, Dean of CoPPS, IPH

Florida A&M University

2023 Student Research Forum Panel of Guest Judges from AbbVie Leida Bowen, PharmD Associate Director, Clinical Trial Diversity and Inclusion

Nyerere Billups, PMP, CMQ/OE, PPMC, SCPM Senior Director, Portfolio Program Management Clinical Research

Robert Caldwell, PhD Director, Preclinical Safety

Florida A&M University

2023 Student Research Forum Panel of Guest Judges from AbbVie

Sanjeev Majoo, PhD, MBA Chief Procurement Officer

Joyce C. Ohiri, MS, PhD Business Area Manager Biotherapeutics & Genetic Medicine

Shandia Wilson External Manufacturing Account Manager Operations Development Program

Florida A&M University

2023 Student Research Forum Panel of Judges Meenakshi Agarwal, PhD Research Scientist Center of Viticulture Florida A&M University College of Agriculture and Food Sciences Ezzeldin Aly, PhD Professor of Sports Management Health, Physical Education and Recreation Florida A&M University College of Education

Jingqiu Chen, PhD

Assistant Professor of Biological Systems Engineering

Florida A&M University

College of Agriculture and Food Science

Tushar Dhanani, PhD Research Scientist Florida A&M University FAMU-Viticulture Center

Ramesh Katam, PhD Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Florida A&M University College of Science and Technology Albert Nguessan Ngo, PhD Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutics Florida A&M University

College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health

Oluwatoyin Sangokunle, PhD Assistant Professor of Food Chemistry Department of Food Science Florida A&M University College of Science and Technology

Imrul Ahmed, PhD Senior Scientist Center of Viticulture Florida A&M University College of Agriculture and Food Science Lee Bushong, PhD Professor of Forensics and Criminal Justice Florida A&M University College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities John Cooperwood, PhD Professor of Medicinal Chemistry Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Bridg’ette Israel, PhD Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Bipin Lamichhane, PhD Postdoctoral Associate Physics Department College of Science and Technology

Aavudai Anandhi Swamy, PhD

Assistant Professor of Biological Systems Engineering

Florida A&M University

College of Agriculture and Food Science

Troy E. Spier Assistant Professor of English and Linguistics Florida A&M University College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities

Florida A&M University 2023 Student Research Forum Poster Presentations

October 25, 2023 - 1:45-3:00 PM New Pharmacy Building, First Floor Name of Presenter

Abstract #

General Research Area

Aare, Mounika

29

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Ahmed, Shade

30

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Allen, Ja’Niyah

5

Engineering/Technology

Almasuood, Rawan

1

Clinical Research

Ananth KS, Gopi

6

Engineering/Technology

Bierman, Casey

2

Clinical Research

Billingsley, Tajah

7

Engineering/Technology

Brito, Richard

3

Clinical Research

Brown, Lakasjah

16

Life Sciences

Brown, Nikiyah

8

Engineering/Technology

Bullen, Shomar

9

Engineering/Technology

Declama, Ernsuze

17

Life Sciences

Douglas, Najaah

10

Engineering/Technology

Ekuase, Okunzuwa

11

Engineering/Technology

Fanfan, Jemel

18

Life Sciences

Franklin, Herbert

12

Engineering/Technology

Florida A&M University 2023 Student Research Forum Poster Presentations

October 25, 2023 - 1:45-3:00 PM New Pharmacy Building, First Floor Name of Presenter

Abstract #

General Research Area

Horne, Ericka

4

Clinical Research

Jefferson-Yager, Joy

20

Life Sciences

Johnson, Alaisha

13

Engineering/Technology

Jones, Brandee

22

Life Sciences

Jones, Dionne

21

Life Sciences

Kaur, Sukhmandeep

32

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Keyes, Dominique

23

Life Sciences

Lynn, Michael

24

Life Sciences

Morgan, Alexus

33

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Muthu, Ackshaya

25

Life Sciences

Nathani, Aakash

34

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Nedd, Ryan

26

Life Sciences

Nesmith, Erin

27

Life Sciences

Nyarko-Danquah, Ivan

35

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Ofosu-Asante, Kweku

36

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Florida A&M University

Florida A&M University 2023 Student Research Forum Poster Presentations Presentations Poster

October 25, 25, 2023 2023 -- 1:45-3:00 1:45-3:00 PM PM October New Pharmacy Pharmacy Building, Building, First First Floor Floor New Name of of Presenter Presenter Name

Abstract ## Abstract

General Research Research Area Area General

Peng, Aare, Mingming Mounika

37 29

Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical Sciences Sciences

Reed, Sarah Ahmed, Shade

38 30

Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical Sciences Sciences

Santiago Velez, Dimas Allen, Ja’Niyah

28 5

Life Sciences Engineering/Technology

Savitsky, Mary Jean Almasuood, Rawan

141

Engineering/Technology Clinical Research

Tellis, AnanthEljaye KS, Gopi

396

Pharmaceutical Sciences Engineering/Technology

Thomas, Bierman,Janelle Casey

152

Engineering/Technology Clinical Research

Billingsley, Tajah

7

Engineering/Technology

Brown, Nikiyah

8

Engineering/Technology

Bullen, Shomar

9

Engineering/Technology

Declama, Ernsuze

17

Life Sciences

Douglas, Najaah

10

Engineering/Technology

Ekuase, Okunzuwa

11

Engineering/Technology

Fanfan, Jemel

18

Life Sciences

Franklin, Herbert

12

Engineering/Technology

Research Areas: Life Sciences Research (Biology/Chemistry/Biochemistry/Physics/Environmental) Brito, Richard Research (Engineering/Data Sciences/Math/Computer 3 Clinical Research Engineering/Technology Science) Pharmaceutical Sciences Research (Pharmacology/Toxicology/Medicinal Chemistry/Pharmaceutics/Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy) Clinical (Public Health/Allied Health/Pharmacy) Brown,Research Lakasjah 16 Life Sciences

1 Prevalence and epidemiological trends in mortality due to COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia Rawan A. Almasuood: Dema A. Alissa: Wejdan I. Aburas: Hajar Y. Almudaiheem: Zohair A. Al Aseri: Fahad A. Alrabiah: Hatoon M. Ezzat: Ashraf A. Moulana: Maha M. Alawi: Eid A. Almutairy: Tareef Y. Alaama: Mohammed S. Alamri: Manal S. Bamousa: Adel A. Alshehri: Mohammed H. Alosaimi: Alaa H. Alali: Rawad M Nori: Edward B. Devol: Gamal H. Mohamed: Ahmed H. Al-jedai.

Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ahaljedai@moh.gov.sa

This study describes the prevalence and epidemiological trends of COVID-19 mortality in the largest registry in the

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It is a prospective epidemiological cohort study using data from all healthcare facilities in KSA collected between March 23, 2020, and April 30, 2022. Data on the number of daily deaths related to COVID-19 were collected and analyzed using crude case fatality rate and death per 100,000 population. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze age, gender, nationality, and comorbidities. Mortality trends were plotted and compared with international figures. In addition, the most common comorbidities and vaccine rates were reported. The study findings showed a total of 9085 reported deaths during the study period. Crude case fatality rate was 1.21%, and death per 100,000 population was 25.38, which compared favorably to figures reported by several developed countries. The highest percentages of deaths were among individuals aged between 60 and 69 years, males (71%), and individuals with diabetes (60%).

Diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure had the highest attributable mortality risk of among patients who died due to COVID-19. Only 2.8% of mortalities occur in patients who received COVID-19 vaccine. Median time from the last vaccine until the day of death was 44.5 days. In conclusion, case fatality rate and death per 100,000 population in KSA are among the lowest in the world. Several comorbidities have been identified, namely, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac arrhythmias. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding epidemiological trends and associated factors to prepare healthcare systems for future pandemics, hence reducing the healthcare burden and expediting recovery. Data from this study could assist in public health decision-making and preparedness efforts.

2 Systematic Literature Review on the Effects of Cognitive Functional Therapy on Chronic Lower Back Pain Casey Bierman; Kurt Gray Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University casey1.bierman@famu.edu

It is well documented that low back pain is the leading cause of disability throughout the world with personal, social, and economic costs. Usually, lower back pain is self-limiting and resolves in the short-term. Unfortunately, in 15-30% of cases the pathology becomes chronic even after multiple interventions. During these interventions, the patient’s ultimate focus is pain reduction, however, the functional ability losses impair the patient’s lifestyle greater than pain. Tools that contribute to measurable functional improvement help patient recovery because it prioritizes the physical component of healing over the psychological component, allowing the patient to return to their prior lifestyle faster. Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) shows early promise in the treatment of chronic low back pain yet it is unfamiliar to many medical and rehabilitation providers. CFT reintroduces functional movement while addressing the behavioral and lifestyle issues associated with chronic pain. Where traditional treatment approaches assess pain and functional deficits, CFT integrates physical factors with the cognitive and social factors associated with chronic lower back pain. CFT is emerging within the rehabilitation community, but there are few trials supporting its use clinically in the treatment of lower back pain. We performed a systematic review of available peer-reviewed journals including randomized control trials, case reports, and case-cohort studies using CFT. Identified studies show CFT as superior to traditional care approaches demonstrated by better functional outcomes. There is the need for continued research on this approach to care to further justify the use of CFT.

3 Assessment of the Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Violence, and Substance Abuse Among Students Attending the Universidad Nacional Autonóma de Honduras Richard C Brito, MSW; Andres Gil-Arana; Carlos Reyes-Ortiz, MD, PhD College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences’ Institute of Public Health at Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University Richard1.Brito@famu.edu

Enduring Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) from an early age can significantly impact a child’s development. Some predispositions can lead children to have ACEs, like having unstable housing, experiencing malnutrition, inaccessibility to health-care services, and living in poor environmental conditions. Screening for ACEs can be achieved through the administration of a validated ten-item questionnaire. The ACEs’ score helps identify the relative severity of the ACEs someone has undergone. One in six adults has experienced at least one ACE which is higher among marginalized populations. ACEs have also been associated with a higher risk of engaging in violent behavior and an increased risk for substance abuse. There is a lack of research exploring ACEs among low-to-middle-income countries (LMIC), which leaves gaps in knowledge. ACEs have become a relevant public health issue in Honduras, with rates increasing over time due to high poverty, gang violence, high interpersonal violence, social inequality, centralized drug trafficking, and political instability. The three objectives with this UNAH (Universidad Nacional Autonóma de Honduras) IRB approved cross-sectional study includes evaluating the prevalence of ACEs experienced by UNAH students, assessing attitudes and beliefs associated with violence through the use of the Maudsley Violence Questionnaire (MVQ), and screening for drug and substance abuse using the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medications, and other Substances (TAPS) questionnaire. It is hypothesized that due to the high ACEs in marginalized populations, UNAH students will present a statistically significant positive correlation between ACEs, violence, and substance abuse.

4 Disparities on Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Outcomes by Ethnicity in Florida, Comparing 2019 and 2020 BRFSS Data.

Ericka K. Horne, MPH, CHES®; Faculty Advisor: Carlos Reyes-Ortiz, MD, PhD College of Pharmacy & Pharmeceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health 1415 S. Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. Tallahassee, Florida 32307 Ericka1.horne@famu.edu

Abstract: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events that occur in childhood and are linked to chronic health problems, mental illness, and substance misuse in adulthood. The research aims to explore disparities on ACEs among ethnic groups and to evaluate disparities on health outcomes including diabetes, obesity, heart disease, depression, alcohol drinking, and smoking among Florida’s ethnic groups. This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of the 2019 & 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey database in Florida. The research objectives are to (1) assess differences on ACEs among ethnic groups between 2019 and 2020; (2) assess the differences on health outcomes among ethnic groups and to evaluate differences on the health outcomes among ethnic groups; and (3) determine whether ethnicity and ACEs are independently associated with the health outcomes. The analyses accounted for stratification, clustering, and weighting of the survey design. The Statistical Analysis System version 9.4 was used for analysis. Of the health outcomes selected, there were three in each year that were statistically significant with all eleven ACEs. They were obesity, smoking & depression in 2019; smoking, drinking & depression in 2020. In 2020, compared to Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics had lower means of total number of ACEs (score 0-8); however American Indians had higher means. A higher number of ACEs was independently associated with increased odds ratios for obesity, smoking, binge drinking, heart disease and depression. In both years, a higher number of ACEs was independently associated with obesity, smoking, drinking, heart disease and depression.

5 On A New Approximation of the SIR Epidemic Model Ja’Niyah C. Allena : Anh Khoa Voa : Kbenesh W. Blayneha : Pham Minh Quanb a

College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University b College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University janiyah1.allen@famu.edu, anhkhoa.vo@famu.edu, kbenesh.blayneh@famu.edu , qmp20a@fsu.edu

Abstract: The Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model serves as a mathematical framework crucial for understanding and predicting the behavior of infectious diseases within a population. The SIR model categorizes the population into three compartments: Susceptible individuals at risk of being infected, Infectious individuals who have contracted the disease and Removed individuals who are isolated, deceased, or have gained immunity. By modeling the interactions between these compartments, the SIR model helps epidemiologists and public health experts make informed predictions about the spread and control of infectious diseases.

Our research focuses on presenting a new numerical approach to approximate the SIR model. Our approach enhances existing methods by incorporating a relaxation term to approximate the nonlinear transcendental equation. Developed within a continuous framework, our relaxation method is explicit and relies on a sequence of linear differential equations making it easily implemented. Through analysis, we prove that our numerical scheme is non-negativity-preserving and globally convergent. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we provide numerical examples using simulated data.

In conclusion, our research makes valuable contributions to the field of epidemiology by providing a globally convergent numerical approach for approximating the SIR model. Understanding epidemic dynamics is crucial for public health and our method offers a tool for researchers and policy makers.

6 Artificial Intelligence in Land Degradation 1

Gopi Ananth KS1: Aavudai Anandhi2 College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University 2 Biological Systems Engineering, Florida A&M University Correspondence: anandhi.swamy@famu.edu

Abstract: Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques have been introduced in recent years in monitoring and classifying areas of Land degradation. This classification helps to identify areas that require immediate attention for reclamation. Machine learning models have been combined with remote sensing data to determine the areas of land degradation and vegetation cover. In this study, 128 articles were downloaded from “Web of Science” on “Artificial Intelligence and Land degradation,” from 2000-2023, and statistical analysis was carried out using Bibliometric analysis to find the potential areas of research trends, emerging topics, and future scope. Bibliometrix is a tool in the R environment used for conducting statistical research on topics using a group of articles as input. The output from the software included Keyword analysis, Country collaboration, the collaboration of authors, Most cited journals, and most relevant authors. The results concluded that the production of papers in the field started in 2015, and the annual growth rate of documents was 16%. ‘Remote sensing’ is the most relevant and cited source. China is the leading place of research documents, followed

by Iran and Germany. ‘Random Forest’, ‘Support Vector Machine,’ ‘Artificial Neural Network’, and ‘Gradient Boosted Regression Tree’ were the most prominent Machine learning models used. This study focuses on the Research power of countries, collaborations, essential themes, keywords, and documents. The results show it is under development and needs more contributions from authors and publications. While the literature review showed similarities among a few studies, our results recommend that researchers investigate this field, and bibliometrics can be used to identify potential undiscovered research areas.

7 Geospatial Analysis of 20-year Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the State of Florida Tajah Billingsley1, Jingqiu Chen1 1. Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32310 Email of corresponding author: jingqiu.chen@famu.edu

Abstract: Human-induced changes to the land can have far-reaching consequences, including effects on the quality and availability of water, air, and soil, as well as impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Florida, the human use of land varies greatly across the state's 67 counties, with urban and suburban development being the most rapidly growing land use class. However, such development can pose challenges, as impervious surfaces created in the process can alter watersheds by preventing water from infiltrating the soil. To identify changes on the land surface, land cover can be analyzed in conjunction with land use. The Multi-Resolution Land Characteristic Consortium National Land Cover Database employs the Enhanced Visualization and Analysis (EVA) tool to identify land cover changes within a 20-year period, which could result from urban development, agriculture, water management, deforestation, and other factors. By analyzing the data collected through EVA, trends can be identified and summarized, providing insight into Florida's land use patterns and any potential concerns that may need further investigation. In the context of this study, geospatial analysis will be used to identify and map changes in land use and land cover across Florida over a 20-year period, providing a visual representation of the state's development and environmental changes. Investigating the changes within specified regions can indicate the impact in certain areas in respect to the natural land cover. This information can then be used to inform decision-making and resource management efforts, ensuring that Florida's land resources are being used sustainably for future generations.

8 Variables in AI models Nikiyah N Brown1: Aavudai Anandhi2 1

College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University 1415 S Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, Fl 32301, USA

Biological Systems Engineering Program, College of Agriculture and Food science, Florida A&M University, Benjamin Bannekar Tech C, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, Fl 32307, USA 2

*Corresponding Author: Aavudai Anandhi Nikiyah1.brown@famu.edu

Abstract: With the improvement of technology, artificial intelligence plays a major part in the study of land and environments. Artificial intelligence made it possible to expand the creativity of models that can produce reliable outputs based on input variables used. The main aspect of artificial intelligence is machine learning, which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the learning of humans, gradually improving accuracy. Machine learning uses data to produce adaptable models that can perform a variety of tasks. The challenge of widespread artificial intelligence is the input of significant variables to produce the most valid results and models for different classifications, clustering, and forecasting. The two major variables are environmental and machine learning. Some major categories of environmental variables are climate, soil, water, and management. Environmental variables are important because numerous landscapes have different forms and conditions to them such as slope, elevation, aspect, precipitation, and soil type. The major categories of machine learning variables are dependent, independent, and derived variables. Machine learning variables are important due to the independent variable being the most significant considering that it dictates the results. If the independent variable is not correct the interpretation of particular data can be inaccurate. This research outlines the use of variables in artificial intelligence and machine learning, which will allow us to overcome some of the limitations and achieve accurate estimation of land for land classification AI models.

9 Experiential Learning on Digital Agriculture and Image Analysis using Machine Learning Techniques Shomar K. Bullen1, Wei-zhen Liang2, Jingqiu Chen1 1. Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32310 2. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4502 Ave I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 Email of corresponding author: jingqiu.chen@famu.edu

Abstract: Digital agriculture is vital for modern farming, as it harnesses technology and data to optimize agricultural practices, enhance productivity, and promote sustainability. Despite commendable advancements in various facets of agriculture, such as innovative irrigation systems, high-yield crop varieties, and the advent of sophisticated imaging technologies for data acquisition Pressures from climate change, population growth, water scarcity, and disease continue to stress agricultural production. The agricultural industry needs efficient ways to improve productivity and stability. Moreover, a 39% deficit of graduates with relevant education and experience to fill STEM-related jobs in food, agriculture, and natural resources is anticipated over the next decade.

As pressing as these issues are, there needs to be more education and development of modern digital monitoring and analysis tools that can be used for agricultural management. Through this research, we (1) developed educational materials focusing on digital agriculture and (2) demonstrates how a machine learning algorithm, mahalanobis-distance, can be effectively applied to multispectral image analysis for plant disease tracking/classification. A program code was developed and used alongside image processing applications to identify disease and calculate the level of severity. Training samples (image pixels) were clustered based on the mahalanobisdistance method, covariance, reference values (average), and inverse matrix. This research provides resources to facilitate digital agriculture education and demonstrates the efficiency of using machine learning techniques in the field of agricultural data science.

10 Advancing Biomedical Engineering Instruments: Integration of Organic Materials in Prosthetics Najaah M. Douglas Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University: School of Science and Technology Najaahdouglas@gmail.com

In response to the growing demand for innovative solutions in Biomedical Engineering, this study addresses the pressing issue of enhancing the efficiency and adaptability of prosthetic devices. The rationale for this research stems from the need to develop prosthetics that not only mimic natural human movement but also possess improved durability and biocompatibility. The integration of organic materials not only addresses critical issues of durability and biocompatibility but also paves the way for a new era of prosthetic innovation. Research methodology involves a systematic exploration of organic materials, ranging from biodegradable polymers to bioactive scaffolds, with a focus on their compatibility with prosthetic components.

This would include rigorous material testing, biomechanical analysis, and biocompatibility assessments to ensure optimal integration and performance. The study will also delve into the fabrication techniques and 3D printing technologies employed for the seamless incorporation of organic materials into prosthetic structures. Preliminary investigation demonstrate promising advancements in prosthetic design. The integration of organic materials has shown a marked improvement in wear resistance, reducing the need for frequent replacements. Moreover, initial research indicates enhanced biocompatibility and lowering potential adverse tissue reactions.

Additionally, these prosthetics will exhibit heightened flexibility and adaptability, providing users with a more natural and instinctive experience. This research significantly contributes to the field of Biomedical Engineering by introducing a groundbreaking approach to prosthetic design. This study's implications extend beyond just prosthetic development, potentially revolutionizing the design of other various biomedical instruments.

11 Low temperature pressure-less sintered silicon carbide using boronnitride nanotude (BNNT) and polymer derive ceramic (PDC) as sintering additive.

Okunzuwa Austine Ekuase1,2, Leila Sheidrida2,3, Zhibin Yu1,2,3 Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida.1 Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.2 FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida.3 E-mail of corresponding author (zyu@eng.famu.fsu.edu)

Abstract: Ceramics find diverse applications across industries due to their excellent properties.

However, achieving high-quality ceramics structures often demands costly high-pressure and hightemperature sintering. An alternative, cost-effective approach is pressureless sintering, which involves the use of sintering additives. Among these additives, organic binders are commonly used but can compromise ceramics structures at high temperatures due to their low degradation points.

Polymer-derived ceramics (PDC) can serve as binders while withstanding high-temperature environments. Additionally, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT), known for their exceptional mechanical and thermal properties, are employed as reinforcements to enhance ceramic properties.

In this research, we explore various weight ratios of BNNT and PDC combinations as sintering aids for silicon carbide (SiC) at lower temperatures without the need for pressure, aiming to improve properties. To achieve this, different weight percentages of BNNT, PDC, and alpha SiC are mixed and sonicated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent for 1 minute, followed by an 18-hour stirring period and subsequent drying. The resulting mixture is crushed into powder and molded into pellets using 2 GPa pressure. Control samples, excluding BNNTs, are also prepared. All samples undergo baking at 200°C for 2 hours, followed by sintering at 1200°C for 60 minutes.

Preliminary results indicate that both control and BNNT-reinforced samples exhibit relative densities exceeding 94% with porosities of less than 5%. Reinforced samples demonstrate high compressive strength and enhanced thermal conductivity. The use of BNNT/PDC sintering aids proves effective in producing ceramics with improved properties, all without the need for high sintering pressure and temperature.

12 Determining the Impacts of Flow on the Apalachicola River Basin “A Case Study on the Effects of Climate Change” Herbert O. Franklin Jr.: Ernesta H. Hickman: Aavudai Anandhi College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 2 School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 3 Biological Systems Engineering, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 1

Herbert1.franklin@famu.edu

The Apalachicola River Basin is located in the Southeastern United States, which is a critically concerning area as climatic change threatens its rich biodiversity. Streamflow is essential to controlling and maintaining aquatic ecosystem integrity, diversity, and sustainability. This study identified and quantified changes in hydrologic characteristics and parameters at six long-term (1992–2022) discharge stations in the Southeast Atlantic and Gulf Coast Hydrologic Region (Region 3) using Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration variables. In the study, the Apalachicola River Basin’s streamflow fluctuations were analyzed by relating the variation to the effects of climate change. A Meta-analysis of 115 journal articles reveals that climate change has contributed to impacts on the river, which stretches across different river regions. To better understand, the ARB has been studied and tested to identify the effects of climate change on 30 years of collected data. Hydrological streamflow characteristics have been calculated using the combination of the Indicators of Hydrological Alterations software and the MATLAB software, resulting in climatology graphs and flow estimation graphs. The analysis of the results is described in the charts from the 5th, 25th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of streamflow, depicting the significant differences and how they relate to a climate change effect. A conceptual map was also developed to represent the study region’s selected drivers, climatic impact, and hydrological changes. Based on the results, these indicators can be recommended to policymakers for implementation in maintaining a continuous, productive, prosperous, and healthy ecosystem and Incorporating professional knowledge in natural resource conservation and management.

13 Video Authentication Alaisha J Johnson, Lauren A Matthews, Idongesit Mkpong-Ruffin and Deidre W. Evans Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University lauren1.matthews@famu.edu

Abstract: Deepfakes are high quality alterations of images and videos created by Artificial Intelligence algorithms. We are specifically focusing on face-swapping alterations; extracting a person's face and fusing it onto another. Deepfakes can be used dangerously by creating and spreading false information which can be detrimental to society. To create an application that can detect deepfakes, we first must figure out how to improve the quality of current deepfake creation methods to catch up to society's realistic images and videos. During our research, we recorded short videos of ourselves and used a deepfake software in Python, FaceSwap, to create a deepfake video. We isolated hundreds of images of ourselves and trained our dataset for over 1 million iterations. We observed our deepfake video progress in clarity and blending over time. We also formed hypotheses about how we could improve our deepfake. We believe that if we create longer videos, it will give us a larger dataset to train, therefore producing a more realistic deepfake. We learned of some shortcomings with the current deepfake detection methods, like training datasets that are small, low quality, or lack diversity can cause poor detection or biases when used in real life. This research could make a great impact on Artificial Intelligence in the realm of Cybersecurity. The presence of deepfakes are increasing in number and quality, meaning the ability to authenticate them is crucial.

14 Expansion of Human Hepatocytes in Microfiber-based Scaffolds for Bioprinting Applications Mary Jean Savitsky,1,2 Navneet Kaur,1,2 Dazhi Yang,3 Jamel Ali1,2 1

Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA 2 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA 3 Acrogenic Technologies Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA jali@eng.famu.fsu.edu

Abstract: The field of liver tissue engineering primarily aims to meet the increasing need for transplantable organs and the development of novel treatments for liver diseases. A central challenge towards achieving this goal is the optimization of hepatocyte expansion and functionality in three-dimensional (3D) culture systems for extended durations. We propose that a novel cationic microfiber system surpasses conventional two-dimensional (2D) methods in supporting hepatocyte growth and function. We cultured a human hepatocyte cell line, THLE-2, in both 2D and 3D settings for extended periods of time. Diverse microscopy techniques were used to assess cell morphology and interactions with the microfiber system. Cell viability and proliferation were examined using Live/Dead and MTT assays. Notably, cells in 2D exhibited diminished growth after one week, while 3D-cultured cells maintained high viability for approximately one month. Furthermore, we explored integrating the microfiber system into alginate-based hydrogels, particularly for 3D bioprinting applications, offering potential in highthroughput hepatotoxicity screening. The hydrogels were subjected to bulk rheological tests for characterization. Additionally, we verified the capability to extrude the biomaterial-incorporated hydrogels into grid-like structures that maintained their structural integrity, confirming their printability. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of a 3D cationic microfiber system for sustained hepatocyte expansion and its suitability for 3D bioprinting, particularly in the context of high-throughput screening. These results hold promise towards the swift construction of printable 3D liver models. Thus, enabling more precise and efficient drug discovery methods for liver diseases.

15 Geospatial Analysis of Urbanization in the State of Florida Janelle Thomas1, Jingqiu Chen1 1. Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32310 Email of corresponding author: jingqiu.chen@famu.edu

Abstract: Florida's rapid urbanization has had significant impacts on the state's environment and resources. Understanding the extent of these changes is critical for developing effective resource management strategies. This project aims to conduct a geospatial analysis of 20 years of urbanization changes in Florida's 67 counties using the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristic Consortium National Land Cover Database and the Enhanced Visualization and Analysis (EVA) tool. The project will analyze the changes in urbanization to identify trends and patterns every 35 years within a twenty-year time frame. The study will also examine the potential impacts of impervious surfaces created through urban development, which can alter watersheds and affect water quality and quantity. By providing a visual representation of Florida's urbanization and its impacts on the state's environment and resources, this project will inform decision-making and resource management efforts. The findings of this study will also provide valuable insights into the relationship between urbanization, land use, and the state's green infrastructure, which is essential for maintaining the state's biodiversity and ecosystem services.

16 The Effect of Hunteria umbellata on Intestinal Cells Lakasjah A. Brown, Jillian L. Pope Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, College of Science and Technology Lakasjah1.brown@famu.edu

Hunteria umbellata is a plant native to Nigeria. Like many plant extracts, Hunteria is known for its diverse therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory properties and its role in diabetes management. Recently, our lab identified a potential anti-cancer role for Hunteria umbellata in colorectal cancer cells by reducing cell viability, suggesting its potential as a cancer therapeutic agent. However, its impact on the normal intestine remains largely unknown. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of Hunteria umbellata on normal intestinal cells.

To achieve this, we utilized two intestinal epithelial cell lines, IEC6 and CaCo2. These cells were treated with various concentrations of Hunteria, and cell viability was assessed after 24 hours using the CellTiter Blue Cell Viability Assay. Our findings show that while Hunteria umbellata previously demonstrated cytotoxic effects in colorectal cancer cells, we observed a more resistive effect in intestinal epithelial cells treated with the same concentrations. Additionally, the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was treated with Hunteria umbellata extract to determine whether these concentrations elicit a response from immune cells. These findings demonstrate that Hunteria umbellata extract has the ability to selectively target colorectal cancer cells with minimal damage to the normal intestine. Further studies will determine whether reduced concentrations of Hunteria umbellata can be protective to intestinal epithelial cells against inflammation.

17 Challenging Climate Change Issues Using Climate Smart Agricultural Practices (CSAPs): A Literature Review Ernsuze Declama 1*, and Aavudai Anandhi 2 School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, FSH Science Research Center, 1515 S. MLK Jr. BLVD, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA, ernsuze1.declama@famu.edu 2 Biological Systems Engineering, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Benjamin Bannekar Tech C, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; anandhi.swamy@famu.edu 1*

Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) contributes to the attainment of sustainable development goals by confronting climate challenges and food security through three pillars: “sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change; reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible. CSA combines various techniques and technologies known as CSA Practices (CSAPs). The objective of the study is to document and synthesize CSAPs available in the literature to be useful to multiple stakeholders. The review was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework. Results indicate, that one hundred and one (101) journal articles were shortlisted, analyzed, and categorized using the framework. The study synthesized them into three main CSAP categories, (a) Implementation, (b) Management, and (c) Initiative. Further, the findings also outlined 15 CSAPs sub-categories, including conservation agriculture (CA), agricultural techniques/farm smartening strategies, agroforestry, improved seed variety, sustainable water management, soil organic matter management, livestock management/aquaculture, integrated pest management (IPM), post-harvest management, weathersmart, infrastructure, energy smart, finance, knowledge smart, and livelihood smart. As the adoption of CSAPs has been proven effective in food production and environmental protection, this CSAPs categorization will facilitate their practical applications by stakeholders.

Keywords: Climate Change, Agriculture, CSAPs, Environment, sustainability

18 Isothermal Inactivation Parameters of Salmonella in Red Chili Flakes Jemel D. Fanfan, Natoavina Faliarizao, Dr. Teresa M. Bergholz, Dr. Kirk D. Dolan Michigan State University’s Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Jemel1.Fanfan@Famu.edu

Abstract: Spices are considered as Ready-to-Eat foods with low moisture content and are commonplace in meals to add or improve flavors. Although red chili flakes have natural antimicrobial properties, they have been linked to multiple salmonella outbreaks. Recent Food and Drug Administration reports have also found that oregano and rosemary are also at higher risks for salmonella contamination. Processing techniques for ready-to-eat food products are recommended to have at least a 5-log reduction in the target pathogen. A large knowledge gap exists in the investigation of isothermal techniques required to reduce salmonella contamination in red chili flakes. This study aims to investigate (1) isothermal inactivation of Salmonella Montevideo in red chili flakes and (2) modeling of the D - and Z - values of salmonella of this spice. The red chili flakes investigated were inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Montevideo (S. Montevideo). Inoculated spices were then subjected to heat treatments at 60, 65, 70, and 75 degrees celsius for up to 75 minutes. Survival of the bacteria was assessed via plating on a selective and differential media. The water activity of the chili flakes along with the antimicrobial properties were measured during the experiment. Overall, this investigation will determine the isothermal inactivation parameters for these chili flakes as well as the creation of a mathematical model to reach the Food and Drug Administration recommended 5-log reduction of salmonella within them.

20 The Role of HBCU’s in Bridging the STEM Gap in Underrepresented Minorities.

Joy Jefferson-Yager and Richard Gragg School of the Environment Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University (FAMU) Tallahassee, FL Richard.gragg@famu.edu

Abstract

There is an urgent need to fill the environmental science, engineering, & technology gap within Underrepresented Minorities. Hispanics and Blacks continue to be underrepresented in STEM. This research examines the relationship between environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and mathematics (E-STEM) exposures and future entrance into STEM pipeline among high school students. This study will look at three different components of E-STEM programs being held at a Historically Black College & University. The components are Identity and cultural Relevance, STEM interest, and familial and social influence. This study is unique as it aims to gain life experiences and perspectives from specifically underrepresented populations.

This study encompasses mixed methods, both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative survey had 25 questions, used a Likert scale, and was given to 66 participants. All participants took part in a STEM camp on a Historically Black College & University campus during the 2023 summer.

Of those participants, some volunteered to participate in a narrative interview. The participants were asked 13 questions in a semi-structured focus group interview. Each focus group consisted of 3-4 participants. The preliminary results showed STEM camps being held on a Historically Black College & University campus allowed students to feel accepted in STEM amongst their peers and instructors, made them feel confident in their abilities within these disciplines, and increased the likelihood of them pursuing a college major and or career in E-STEM areas. The desired outcome is for minority-serving institutions to incorporate early access to hands-on ESTEM experiences on college campuses for underrepresented students.

21 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Footprint Analysis: A Bibliometric Exploration Dionne Jones1*, Almando Morain 2, and Aavudai Anandhi 1 1

Biological Systems Engineering, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Benjamin Banneker Tech C, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA. 2 School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, FSH Science Research Center, 1515 S. MLK Jr. BLVD, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA. Corresponding Author: anandhi@famu.edu

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool to address the challenges of assessing various footprints. Footprint analysis is a quantitative method used in environmental science to determine the impact of human activities on the environment. This study aimed to provide insights into current research on AI applications in footprint analysis. Bibliometric analysis and metaanalysis were conducted using the Web of Science database and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework to analyze 88 relevant articles. The bibliometric analysis covered publication trends, key authors, citation patterns, and fundamental research areas concerning footprint analysis, while the meta-analysis focused on AI classification and applications, challenges, and knowledge gaps. The findings indicate a growing interest in AI applications for footprint analysis, with a substantial proportion of studies published in recent years. Notably, China emerges as the most prolific contributor in this domain, followed by Iran, the USA, Canada, and the United Kingdom. However, limited South American involvement was observed. Different types of footprints were also identified, such as Land Footprint, Waste Footprint, Water Footprint, Transportation Footprint, Built Environment Footprint, Carbon Footprint, Ecological Footprint, and Energy Footprint. The results also conclude that expertise in environmental domains and AI is pivotal for effective AI utilization in footprint analysis. A profound understanding of footprint-related impacts and identifying suitable AI techniques for data processing, analysis, and insight extraction is essential. The study sheds light on various aspects, challenges, and knowledge gaps associated with AI applications in footprint analysis, which can be a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers.

22 Formosan Alate Moving Undetected on an HBCU Campus: A Case Study Evaluating Precipitation and Isolated Colonies and Identification of Termites Brandee Jones: Xharia Lipkins: Jade Christie: Isadora Saint-Juste: Johanna Welch DPM.:: D’Elia Bonilla BS.: Thomas White MS Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, FL 32399-1650 jade1.christie@famu.edu

Abstract: Background: Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a species native to Asia but has been documented in tropical areas across the U.S. and causes billions of dollars worth of property damage annually. This study was conducted to evaluate rain and weather conditions in various locations throughout Leon County. This study measured the chemical components of rain from ten locations in Tallahassee and determined whether they deter attack by the Formosan subterranean termite. Methods: Samples were collected in Leon County and analyzed using the HACH surface water test kit. A factorial experiment with a split-plot design was replicated three times. Dissolved oxygen and soil tests from the ten locations indicated that the extractive soluble were present and evaluated in cold water; hot water; toluene; and 1% NaOH solution, using a 95% conf. interval.

Cellulose in soil, in foliage-dense areas was predicted to have the highest probability of insect infestation and nitrogen content than those areas of less nutrients. Results: The dissolved oxygen levels and pH content were expected in wooded areas close to ponds, waterways, or canals at a higher value. Conclusion: The correlation between chemical components and termite activity, as well as damage and identification, are discussed. Florida A&M University alone is home to several historic buildings including the Black Archives, which is constructed partially of wood and would be very hard to reconstruct if infested with termites. The current study is used to spread awareness of the potential threat to the university and its history.

23 Exploring the Transcriptomic Effects of Hunteria Umbellata Extract on Klebsiella Pneumoniae Gene Expression Using RNA Sequencing Dominique Keyes, Haaris Kadri, Carolina Agudelo, Vienvilay Phandanouvong Lozano, Ashley Wolf andJillian Pope Department of Biology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Department of Biology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, UC-HBCU Fellow Department of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley Dominique1.Keyes@famu.edu

The H. umbellata seed extract has been used in the treatment of diabetes and inflammation, in which it has a hypothesized role as an anticancer and antibacterial agent. Identifying alternatives to modern medicines for diseases that induce inflammation can lead to the prevention of gutrelated disorders and the rehabilitation of the gut microbiome. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract. It is associated with healthcare infections, especially among those with a weakened immune system. To study how gut pathobionts alter their gene expression in the presence of H. umbellata seed extract, we treated K. pneumoniae cultures with and without the addition of the H. umbellata extract. In continuation with this experiment, fecal slurries will be treated with and without the addition of the H. umbellata extract. We predict that there will be differentially expressed genes in treated cultures versus untreated cultures, showing the relationship between the H. umbellata extract and its effect on gut bacteria such as K. pneumoniae.

We use RNA sequencing protocols starting with isolating RNA from bacterial cells, depleting ribosomal RNA, creating libraries of complementary DNA, and then performing computational transcriptomic analysis. Identifying molecular changes in K. pneumoniae after treatment with the H. umbellata extract can improve our understanding of how alternative treatments affect the microbiome. Additionally, it may lead to insights into how H. umbellata might impact the host through gene expression changes.

24 Machine Learning-based Study of Bulk Properties of Metal Nitrides Michael O. Lynn: Bipin Lamichhane: Dr. Shyam Kattel Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University 1601 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307 Corresponding Author: shyam.kattel@famu.edu

Abstract: A machine learning (ML)-based approach was used to study bulk properties of metal nitrides. Materials Project, an online data repository was utilized to collect the density functional theory (DFT)-calculated bulk properties of nitrides. A pool of six different open-source ML models namely, PLS, OLS, SVR, GBR, GPR, and KRR, were employed to train ~900 data points and predict the formation energies. The preliminary results show that the GBR model predicts the formation energies better than the other models, suggesting that it may show similar levels of performance compared to DFT calculations in predicting the bulk properties of metal nitrides.

25 Water Use Efficiency in Crop Production and climate change in Senegal, Africa Ackshaya Muthu Saravanan1 and Aavudai Anandhi2 School of Environmental Sciences , Florida A&M University ; Email:ackshaya1.saravanan@famu.edu Email: anandhi.swamy@famu.edu

Recently, Senegal, in Africa has been concerned about the use of water and climate change.

Within this context, improving water use efficiency in a changing climate has become a priority. The concept of Water Use Efficiency (WUE) was introduced to show the relationship between plant productivity and water use in agriculture. WUE is usually calculated based on the grain yield or total biomass produced per water unit crops consumed.

The objectives of this study are (1). To synthesize WUE in Senegal (variables, factors, data etc.); (2). To synthesize climate change documented in Senegal. This paper employed a literature review to scrutinize and evaluate journal articles in this topical area. The findings exhibited common patterns, discrepancies, and relationships from multiple studies. The results showed that grain yield, precipitation, and biomass variables impacted WUE, while temperature and rainfall variables had a higher impact on climate change. The findings exhibited from multiple studies showed common patterns, discrepancies, and relationships.

Also the studies reported different temperature and precipitation changes over the research period in Senegal. While the literature review showed similarities among various research studies, our results recommend that researchers conduct further analysis for WUE ,climate change and crop production. This will promote the overall understanding since research investigations will continue in WUE and climate change. Finally, novel conceptual ideas integrating specific variables for WUE and climate change calculation will stimulate debate and facilitate the development of improved estimation for WUE, climate change and crop production.

Keywords: Water use efficiency (WUE), climate change,Temperature , Grain yield, variation.

26 Land Degradation Synthesis and Sustainable Development Goals Ryan Nedd1*, Aavudai Anandhi2 and Satyanarayan Dev2 School of Environment, Florida A&M University, FSH Science Research Center, 1515 S. MLK Jr. BLVD, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA. 2 Biological Systems Engineering Program, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Florida A&M University, Benjamin Bannekar Tech C, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA. * Corresponding Author: anandhi.swamy@famu.edu 1

Abstract Land degradation (LD) has a broader impact on the global landscape due to continued economic development. It affects various aspects of the environment and our well-being. Although several studies exist, we look to find broader connections between LD and the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) in this study. This study uses a literature review to synthesize LD definitions, processes, assessments, and challenges. Also, examine studies that connect LD and specific targets of the SDGs. The study innovatively developed a narrow and broad definition for LD, showing the similarities and differences in the diverse descriptions and identifying how various authors define the terms. Conceptualized the categories of LD processes into physical, chemical, and biological processes; synthesized 20 methods/formulas used for LD assessment. Finally, identify the significant categories of challenges associated with LD and give recommendations accordingly. Another result identified the specific SDG targets related to LD, showing their interaction and relevance compared to each other. The literature review on LD research is valuable for researchers and practitioners aiming to understand LD studies and their connection to the SDGs. It offers guidance for future research endeavors working towards sustainable use of natural resources, developing resilient systems, environmental science, and engineering.

27 The Effects Of Hunteria Umbellata On The Gut Microbiome Erin M. Nesmith12: Dominique M. Keyes12: Haaris Kadri1: Carolina Agudelo1: Vienvilay Phandanouvong Lozano Ph.D.1: Kathryn Lin2:, Dagmawi Bogale2: Xueqi Chi2: Ashley R. Wolf, Ph.D.1: and Jillian L. Pope, Ph.D. Department of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology , University of California, Berkeley1 Department of Biology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University2 erin1.nesmith@famu.edu

Abstract: The gut microbiome is the community of microorganisms that live in our digestive system; they play a large role in development and maintenance of our health, and when compromised can contribute to supporting the progression of disease. A seed extract of the Southwestern Nigeria native plant, Hunteria umbellata (HU), has demonstrated effectiveness against diabetes and inflammation. Here, we seek to characterize the role of HU extract on gut bacterial gene expression and overall composition of the gut microbiome through culturing fecal samples. First, we assessed the impact of HU mouse intestinal on Escherichia coli (E. coli) gene expression. Opportunistic pathogens like E. coli can cause symptoms of diarrhea, stomach cramps, fever, and increased inflammation in unhealthy individuals. We hypothesized that HU would alter the expression of genes necessary for E.coli induced inflammation; these changes were measured in E. coli gene expression using RNA sequencing techniques. Second, we cultured human stool samples in HU extract. We will measure changes in bacterial composition by comparing the DNA of the stool grown in HU to its control samples. We predict that the bacteria suppressed by the HU extract will be related to symptoms of inflammation. Since the population of Southwest Nigeria, shows a decrease in experiencing fever, inflammation, GI discomfort, and hyperglycemia after using HU as a medicinal remedy, investigating HU’s effect on gut microbial growth can lead to a new alternative to anti-inflammatory medications and possibly antibiotics.

28 Characterization of Denitrifying Bacteria in Eastern Oysters Dimas A. Santiago Velez: Rajesh S. Rathore: Ashish Pathak: Charles Jagoe: Ashvini Chauhan Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University dimas1.santiago@famu.edu

Eutrophication is a grave danger to coastal ecosystems due to the excessive growth of algae reducing the oxygen content in the surrounding area and killing a large portion of the organisms found in these areas. However, oysters and their reefs can sequester excess nitrogen, and are known host of denitrifying bacteria. In this study we analyze the denitrifiers in the oyster microbiome to improve the denitrification effect of oysters. For this project, we applied DNA-based metagenomics and metaproteomics, however, the latter was problematic due to the overwhelming abundance of oyster cells in homogenized tissues. To separate the oyster cellular biomass from their bacterial communities, we followed two approaches: nycodenz based gradient separation and estuarine water microcosms established with homogenized oyster tissues, gills, guts and sediment samples spiked with sodium nitrate to enrich the denitrifier microbiome. Enrichments were run for a week and then transferred into a second batch of fresh estuarine water and spiked again with sodium nitrate, followed by a similar enrichment for the third week. At each weekly interval, samples were serially diluted and plated onto marine agar for isolation. DNA isolated from the nycodenz gradient samples and week 1-3 of the enrichment cultures were examined for the presence of denitrification genes (nirK, nirS, nosZ) as well as 16S to characterize the microbiome, community, especially those with denitrification activity. This study will enhance understanding of denitrifying bacteria found in oysters and factors promoting their in-situ growth, thus reducing eutrophication in local estuaries, and supporting local aquaculture businesses.

29 SYNERGISTIC ANTICANCER ACTVITY OF CANNABINOIDS AND TERPENES IN XENOGRAFT MOUSE MODEL OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER Mounika Aare, Breana Boirie, Islauddin Khan, Aakash Nathani, Arvind Bagde, Mandip Singh Sachdeva College of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University mandip.sachdeva@gmail.com

Abstract: Several cannabinoids and terpenes such as cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabidiolic acid, cannabidivarin, cannabinol, cannabigerol and β-caryophyllene, bisabolol, myrcene, linalool, limonene, geraniol, neralidol, α-pinene, α-terpineol, γ-terpinene respectively were screened against MDA MB 231 Doxorubicin RT, H1975 Osimertinib RT, PDX Lung cancer cell lines using 2D cytotoxicity and 3D spheroids assay. The cytotoxic potential of combinations of cannabinoids with β-caryophyllene increased by 10 folds in comparison to their individual anticancer activity. The combination index values were <0.5 suggesting synergism. Colony formation assay showed reduction in number of colonies by 10 folds in individual treatments and 20 folds in treatment with combinations (P<0.0001). Wound healing and apoptosis assays exhibited similar pattern (P<0.001). Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated large number of cells in G1 phase with combinations relative to individual compounds emphasizing cell cycle arrest. Most potent combination from in-vitro was cannabichromene with βcaryophyllene which was further evaluated in-vivo using xenograft model of athymic nude mice.

In-vivo studies suggests that the combination controlled the rate of tumor growth significantly.

This combination in In-vivo studies has shown the reduction in tumor volume by 2 folds. The mechanistic studies such as western blotting and PCR are undergoing to investigate the mechanism by which combination shows synergism.

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Fucoxanthin Anticancer Effects through PI3K-AKT Signaling in Genetically Different Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Shade' A. Ahmed, Patricia Mendonca, Samia Messeha, and Karam F.A. Soliman College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 Email: shade1.ahmed@famu.edu

Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer in women in the U.S. Around 10-15% of breast cancers are triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and Caucasian or African American women are more likely to develop TNBC. Natural products can combat breast cancer's aggressiveness by modulating the tumor microenvironment. PURPOSE: The anticancer effects of fucoxanthin, a xanthophyll, were investigated in genetically distinct MDA-MB-231 (Caucasian) and MDA-MB468 (African American) TNBC cell lines. METHODS: Effects of fucoxanthin on cell growth, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, angiogenesis, and PI3K-AKT signaling was investigated.

RESULTS: Fucoxanthin (1.56 - 300 µM) decreased cell viability in both cell lines, showing a higher potency in MDA-MB-468 cells, and presented similar anti-proliferative effects in both cell lines. Fucoxanthin induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in both cell lines, showing higher cell cycle arrest at the S-phase in MDA-MB-231 cells and higher cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase in MDA-MB-468 cells, and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells only. Additionally, fucoxanthin inhibited migration in both cell lines with higher inhibition in MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 h. Moreover, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was studied using TNF-α-stimulated (50 ng/ml) MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Fucoxanthin (6.25 µM) modulated mRNA expression of 12 genes of the PI3K-AKT pathway and significantly downregulated IRS1, EIF4B, and ELK1, as well as upregulated RHOA protein expression, indicating this pathway as the possible molecular mechanism of fucoxanthin. CONCLUSION: Fucoxanthin may be a promising candidate for breast cancer therapy by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway modulation.

32 The Anticancer Effects of Kaempferol in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells from Caucasian and African American Women Sukhmandeep Kaur, Patricia Mendonca, and Karam F.A. Soliman College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 Email: sukhmandeep1.kaur@famu.edu

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, affecting African-American women more aggressively compared to Caucasian women. TNBC does not express receptors for estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), or HER2, which challenges the current therapies. Natural compounds have been used in Chinese medicine and have more recently emerged as potential agents with anticancer and chemoprotective effects. Kaempferol is a major flavonoid aglycone in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs. PURPOSE: To investigate the anticancer effects of kaempferol in genetically different TNBC breast cancer cells from Caucasian (MDAMB-231) and African American women (MDA-MB-468). METHODS: Cytotoxic and cell growth assays, cell cycle, and RT-PCR were used. RESULTS: Kaempferol (0.78-200 µM) decreased cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner in both cell lines, showing a higher potency in MDA-MB-231 (IC50: 43.86 µM) compared to MDA-MB-468 cells (IC50: 53.47 µM). In cell proliferation assays, kaempferol also showed higher potency in MDA-MB-231 cells, inhibiting cell growth in lower concentrations at 48, 72, and 96 hours. In addition, the results obtained show that kaempferol induced cell cycle arrest at S-phase in both cell types with concentrations of 6.2µM to 50µM. In RT-PCR assays, kaempferol modulated the mRNA expression of CDK7, CDK1, and CDK2, which are associated with cell cycle progression. CONCLUSION: This study elucidated the molecular mechanism of kaempferol in modulating the cell cycle in genetically different breast cancer cells and indicates that kaempferol may be used in targeted therapy for TNBC treatment with fewer side effects.

33 Enantiomeric Separation of a Functionally Selective 5-HT7 Receptor Ligand Alexus Morgan; Barbara Bricker, Chandrashekhar Voshavar, Seth Y Ablordeppey Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health seth.ablordeppey@famu.edu

Abstract: The 5-HT7R is a promising target for drug discovery for the treatment of pathological pain, sleep, neuropsychiatric, and circadian rhythm disorders. Accumulating evidence now suggests that 5-HT7R ligands activate not only G-protein but also β-arrestin signaling pathways.

Currently, no β-arrestin-biased ligand selectively interacting with 5-HT7R has been disclosed other than compound 1g reported in 2018. In a recent PNAS paper, Serodolin was shown to decrease hyperalgesia and pain sensation in response to inflammatory, thermal, and mechanical stimulation and its antinociceptive effect could not be observed in 5-HT7R knockout (KO) mice and was blocked by administration of SB269970, a specific 5-HT7R antagonist. Thus, it is of interest to seek new selective, high affinity, more potent and efficacious β-arrestin biased ligands that could provide an understanding of the relationship between physiological effects and G-protein/βarrestin biased signaling pathways of 5-HT7R. Our lab has previously reported 5‐chloro‐2‐{2‐ [3,4‐ dihydroisoquinoline‐2(1H)‐yl]ethyl}-2‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐one (SYA 40247) that has high selectivity for 5-HT7 receptors, (Ki = 2.2 nM); leading to the design and discovery of SYA44080 (Ki = 1.2 nM) and its optimized analog, SYA0486 as novel 5-HT7R selective ligands.

Using isocratic elution with various mobile phases, we were able to improve the separation of enantiomers utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with an analytical scale ChiralPAK AD-H HPLC column. The method was then scaled up using a semi-prep ChiralPAK AD-H HPLC column and collected fractions reanalyzed for enantiomeric purity at the analytical scale. A JASCO P-1020 polarimeter was used to determine the specific rotation [α], (-)-SYA0486-P1 [-52.2 ± 0.7 (deg*mL)/g*dm)] and (+)-SYA0486-P2 [+ 53.0 ± 1.8 (deg*mL)/g*dm)].

34 Anticancer effects and proteomic analysis of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles in combination with carboplatin in resistant lung cancer: Role of PDL1/PD-1, SOD2, PARP, NF-kB, and SET Aakash Nathania; Islahuddin Khana; Arvind Bagdea; Li Sunb; Mandip Singh Sachdevaa* a

College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA

b

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4300, USA *Corresponding author email: mandip.sachdeva@gmail.com, mandip.sachdeva@famu.edu

Abstract: Lung cancer is still the deadliest cancer and accounts for 19 percent of all cancer deaths. Though there are various treatment options available (Chemotherapy, TKIs and Mabs), resistance develops after a few years of therapy. For this reason, immune therapy is being currently used in patients who meet the criteria. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from immune cells (e.g., NK cells, dendritic cells) may be able to treat malignancies that are resistant to other treatments (e.g., chemotherapy) relying on the hypothesis that EVs carry almost the same cargo of the parent cells.

In our study, we evaluated natural killer cell-derived EVs (NK-EVs) as anticancer therapeutic agents combined with Carboplatin for resistant H1975 lung cancer. NK-EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation were characterized by NTA, AFM and western blotting (which showed the presence of cytotoxic proteins perforin and granzyme). Cytotoxicity studies using 2D and 3D Osimertinib resistant H1975 lung cancer cells (with EGFR-L858R mutation) demonstrated that NK-EVs effected cell viability (P< 0.001) and tumor volumes invivo for treatment groups (NKEVs, carboplatin and NK-EVs + carboplatin) were 84%, 65%, 30% (P< 0.001) compared to the control group. Western blotting revealed that NK-EVs downregulated PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis along with SOD2, PARP, NF-kB, TGF-ß and SET (P< 0.001). Proteomics and RNA sequencing of NK-EVs disclosed the cytotoxic proteins and miRNAs (miR-1-3P/1495P/320a/186-5p/339-5p) respectively. Further, miRNAs known for their tumor suppression were picked out by proteomics and RNA sequencing for further investigations such as flow cytometry, fluorescent staining studies and PCR etc. to understand their molecular mechanisms.

35 Mn-induced microglial toxicity involves Sp1-regulated LRRK2 expression, and is attenuated by 17β-Estradiol Ivan Nyarko-Danquah: Edward Pajarillo: Sanghoon Kim: Alexis Digman: Harpreet Multani: Itunu Ajayi: Michael Aschner: and Eunsook Lee College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Florida A&M University ivan1.nyarkodanquah@famu.edu

ABSTRACT Chronic exposure to elevated levels of manganese (Mn) causes a neurological disorder referred to as Manganism, presenting symptoms similar to that of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Inflammation, particularly induced by microglia, is considered critical for Mn neurotoxicity, and commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), which is highly expressed in microglia, mediates Mn-induced inflammation and pathogenesis, and its expression and activity is also increased by Mn. The transcription factor Sp1 activates the transcription of LRRK2, leading to acceleration of PD progression. 17β-estradiol (E2) exerts neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases including PD and plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation. In the present study, we tested if Mn induced LRRK2 expression via the Sp1 transcription factor, and explored the mechanism by which E2 protects against Mninduced microglial inflammation involving decreasing Sp1 stability, using BV2 cells. The results showed that LRRK2 kinase activity mediated Mn-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and microglial activation as pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 by GSK attenuated Mn-induced toxicity. Activation of transcription factor Sp1 played a critical role in Mn-induced LRRK2 promoter activity, mRNA levels, and protein expression, since the Sp1 inhibitor, mithramycin A (MTM) attenuated these Mn-induced effect. E2 attenuated Mn-induced elevation of LRRK2 kinase by decreasing the expression of Sp1 through the enhancement of the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Sp1 as seen by the E2-induced increase in the expression of the E3-ligase of Sp1, RNF4, as well as the increase in the ubiquitination and sumoylation of Sp1. These findings suggest that Sp1 regulates Mn-induced LRRK2 expression, and E2 attenuates Mn-induced toxicity by increasing the protein degradation of Sp1.

36 Stimulation of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Polyisoprenylated Cysteinyl Amide Inhibitors Kweku Ofosu-Asante: Jassy Mary S. Lazarte: Amarender Goud Burra: Nazarius S. Lamango Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 1516 S Martin Luther King Boulevard Kweku1.ofosuasante@famu.edu

Pancreatic cancer is the third deadliest cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. About 90% of reported cases are driven by KRAS mutations. However, targeting mutant KRAS has been a decades-long challenge, thus, new and effective therapies are needed. Consequently, the treatment of pancreatic cancer has been elusive. Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) are potential anticancer agents designed to suppress hyperactive mutant or overexpressed G-proteins. The effect of PCAIs on the viability and downstream mediators of KRAS was determined on PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 cells. NSL-YHJ-2-45 and NSL-YHJ-2-27 were the most potent with EC50 values of 3.6 and 3.8, respectively. PANC-1 cells were treated with 0-5 µM NSLYHJ-2-27 for 48 h followed by western blotting. Increased levels of phosphorylated BRAF, MEK 1/2, ERK 1/2 and p90RSK by 64, 129, 152 and 79%, respectively were observed, but the phosphorylated CRAF levels decreased by 27% in cells treated with 5 µM PCAIs. NSL-YHJ-227 (5 µM) also increased the levels of pAKT (Ser 473) and pAKT (Thr 308) by 72 and 192%, respectively. When MIAPaCa-2 cells were treated with 0-5 µM NSL-YHJ-2-27, increased levels of phosphorylated MEK 1/2, ERK 1/2 and p90RSK by 78, 270 and 258%, respectively were also observed. The NSL-YHJ-2-27 (5 µM) increased the levels of pAKT (Ser 473) and pAKT (Thr 308) of MIAPaCa-2 cells by 97 and 82%, respectively. These effects on these signaling pathways strongly indicate the potential of the PCAIs as anticancer agents, especially for RAS-driven cancers.

37 Forecasting COVID-19 Hotspots in Florida K-12 Schools: A Machine Learning Approach for Informed Decision-Making Mingming Peng, Hongmei Chi, Askal Ayalew Ali Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath Mingming1.peng@famu.edu

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented challenge to the K-12 education system.

The challenges brought by remote learning, combined with the current absence of tools to anticipate school hotspot, underscore the need for data-driven strategies to predict COVID-19 hotspots level within school environments. This research paper presents several machine learning approaches for forecasting COVID-19 hotspots in Florida's K-12 schools. Aiming to support informed decision-making, our study collected and created comprehensive datasets comprising 28 features, including e epidemiological, environmental, demographic, and school-specific factors.

Some tree-based classification models like Random Forest, XGBOOST, Support Vector Machine along with Logistic Regression, were employed for predictive analysis. The predict models, particularly Random Forest and XGBOOST, demonstrated impressive performances, achieving an accuracy of 0.95 and cross-validation (CV) scores of 0.948 and 0.949 respectively. The association between school COVID-19 levels and these features was evaluated by using the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient analysis. The results revealed that the number of new cases detected in the last 7 days has a strong correlation with the school's COVID-19 levels, while racial factors and commute times at the school zip code presented varying significance. This research explores methods to enhance the safety of public schools in Florida during the ongoing pandemic. It not only contributes to the field of machine learning and public health but also serves as a vital tool in the ongoing battle against COVID-19 in educational settings.

38 Involvement of Nrf2 and NF-kB Pathways in the Antioxidant and AntiInflammatory Effects of Metformin in Activated BV-2 Microglial Cells Sarah L. Reed; Equar Taka; and Karam F.A. Soliman Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A& M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 E-mail of corresponding author – sarah1.reed@famu.edu

Abstract: Chronic neuroinflammation is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Microglia are the brain's primary immune cells. When excessively activated, they cause neuronal damage by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen intermediates. Therefore, suppressing microglia-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress is considered an important strategy in neurodegenerative disease therapy. Metformin is a drug used to treat Type 2 Diabetes. It is also known to have anti-inflammatory properties. This study focuses on determining the potential role of metformin as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated BV-2 microglial cells. In this study, BV-2 microglia cells were stimulated for 1 hr with 1µg/mL LPS and then incubated for 24 hr in the presence and absence of 1mM, 2mM, and 4mM metformin. This study used Alamar Blue assay, PrimePCR array, and Western blotting technology to evaluate cell viability, inflammatory, and oxidative stress signalling pathways. Our findings showed that metformin caused a concentrationdependent decrease in cell viability. In addition, metformin significantly downregulated the expression of mRNA of NF-kB1a, IL-1b, and CCl2(MCP-1), demonstrating that metformin can reduce inflammation. Metformin also significantly increased the expression of mRNA of Hmox1 and IL-10, suggesting its antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The Western blot results also showed that metformin significantly increased the protein expression of Nrf2, which is involved in the transcription of many antioxidant genes. According to these results, metformin may have antioxidant effects by activating the Hmox1/Nrf2 signalling pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that metformin is not only beneficial for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes but may also have therapeutic potential to prevent or slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

1

39 Development of Bacteriophage Cocktails against Multidrug-Resistant HighRisk Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Eljaye W Tellis: Kevin Burke: Andrey Filippov Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Walter Reed Army Institute of Research In 2022, the first thorough study of the global health burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) indicated that AMR was responsible for 4.95 million fatalities in 2019, of which 1.22 million were directly attributable. Bacteriophages, whose mechanism of action varies from that of antibiotics, provide an adjunct or alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacterial infections. Bacteriophages are the most common biological entities in nature and have been shown to effectively fight and destroy XDR bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a variety of infections, including pneumonia, soft tissue and surgical wound infections, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and sepsis in military and civilian patients. Bacteriophage therapy is being considered a primary option for the treatment of XDR infections. The objectives of this project were to select K. pneumoniae strains that represent high-risk epidemic and XDR lineages and retain as much diversity as possible, test these strains for susceptibility to the best phages available at WRAIR, and isolate and characterize new phages active against clinically relevant isolates of K. pneumoniae. As a result, phages belonging to candidate therapeutic cocktail KPM1, representing the current best Klebsiella phages, covered at most 10% of the selected 40 high-risk strains. This illustrated the need for selection of new phages targeting clinically relevant strains. Such new phages targeting all 40 K. pneumoniae highrisk isolates were isolated, and their characterization is in progress.

2023 Student Research Forum Acknowledgements Mrs. Angela Hodge Sparrow Administrative Assistant Florida A&M University Bachelor of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Terence L. Hightower Store Receiving/Building Manager Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Melissa Golden-Smith, MPA Computer Applications Coordinator Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Tracy S. Allen Program Assistant, Curriculum/ Building Coordinator Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Public Health

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