Kutchdo Baaremaas : Cultural Interface for Kutch | Undergraduate Architectural Thesis

Acknowledgement The Process of exploring and understanding my own land,Kutch has been extremely enriching thanks to discussions,critiques and interviews with lot of people.

I would like to thank Lt. Prof. Trilochan Chhaya for teaching us the value of process and to be patient through all,will always be grateful to have learnt under his guidance through my course of time in Balwant Sheth School of Architecture.

I am indebted to Ar. Tapan Mittal Deshpande for mentoring me and helping me shape my thesis with her invaluable inputs and encouragement throughout.

I would thank our Dean Ar. Aparna Surve for some great advice and encouragement.

I’d like to express my gratitude to some eminent professionals,discussions with whom have helped me understand the region and add a greater value to my workMr.Dalpat Danidhariya(Archivist-Darbargadh,Bhuj-Kutch) Ar.Rajan Morabia Ar.Amish Mistry Mr.Mahesh Goswami(LLDC-kutch) Mr.Gatit Laheru(Khamir-Kutch) Mr.Miyan Hussain(Sarpanch-Dhordo-Kutch) I’d like to Thank Ar. Rajni Patwa, Er.Ashish Kshatriya, Er.Arun Jain, Ar.Poojan Desai, Mr.Indrajeetsinh Jadeja, Mr.Rohit Shah, Mr.Malhar Buch for helping me and providing relevant study material and sources and Mr.Aditya Sikchi for honest opinions and suggestions and truly productive discussions.

Finally,I’d like to thank my Dad Mr. Sanjay Thacker and Mom Mrs. Deepa Thacker and for being the constant support, my family and friends who kept me going and Shree Lohana Vidhyarthi Bhavan for being home away from home.

Contents: 1.Introduction

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2.Research ●

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Govt. frameworks for cultural promotion ○ ○ ○

Schemes by Ministry of Culture Schemes by Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs Schemes by Ministry of Tourism

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Hunnarshala CEDO Kalaraksha Hiralaxmi Memorial Qasab Shrujan Khamir LLDC

Kutch-a cultural asset Local Institutional frameworks for cultural promotion in Kutch

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3.Case Studies ● ● ●

Tai Kwun-Centre for heritage and Arts, Hongkong BLOX, Denmark Inference and proposal

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4.Site selection and analysis

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5.Program and Design development

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6.Allied studies

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7.Bibliography

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Introduction

Synopsis Introduction: Kutch has a distinct identity essentially derived from its indigenous culture, its traditions, architecture, local craft and ethnic communities which is very vibrant and unique. It is living heritage i.e. the lifestyle of people is still steeped into traditional practices even today. The culture of this region has a distinctly visible identity. It has several geographical landmarks which show the formation of the continent and its prehistoric life. The remains of Indus valley civilization is on of it and even the people and their culture are untouched in many areas of Kutch. Kutch has a large diversity in terms of geography and ecology, The district is surrounded by ocean on one side, and the Rann of Kutch, a vast salt desert, on the other with grasslands of ‘banni’ forming the fringe of the desert. It is a meeting point of people with diverse traditions, faiths, languages, art forms, clothing, life styles, and house forms across a diversity of ecosystems and terrains. This unique identity has taken shape over a long period of time.

Kutch, the formerly princely state, is the largest district of the state of Gujarat, the composition of its people differ from those of Gujarat. Kutch has preserved its Culture and value in some or other form.

Kutch being the largest district in India, is further divided into 10 talukas viz Bhuj, Mandvi, Mundra, Anjar, Gandhidham, Bhachau, Rapar, Abdasa, Nakhatrana and Lakhpat. Each of them having diverse natural, historic and cultural resources.However, it is yet to explore the full potential of such resources to its full advantages.

Kutch is well known for its art and craft, for the geographical diversity and many refers it for Religious purpose, but Kutch is beyond that. There are many aspects which form region and have strong influences. The region having such diversity, people have something in common which keeps them associated with the region. The idea is to study and understand those commonalities of the place and create a built environment which promotes the culture and heritage.

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Kutch is beyond White desert,Rann Utsav, Border District, and Rural Settlements.

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Kutch has a distinct identity derived from its indigenous culture, its traditions, architecture, local crafts, ethnic communities,food, heritage, diverse geography,ecology and wildlife, it’s a timeless place evolved from prehistoric indus valley civilization to modern large scale industries operating in kutch.

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•How to promote the identity of the region?

•How to showcase Kutch as a cultural asset?

Kutch as a region is growing with time, but still have managed to retain its cultural values and heritage!

Current Scenario: ● After 2001 earthquake no satisfactory initiatives are taken to restore or reuse the damaged heritage sites. ● Only highlighted places,sites,crafts are promoted and known, it has a number of unexplored assets Nature: Kutch has a unique geographical location,having a huge potential for eco-tourism, but only white rann is exploited and promoted.

Culture:Traditional crafts, performing arts etc are working in niche and no desirable exchange is happening between the artisans and people for it to grow and promote.

Architecture:After two major earthquakes of year 1819 and 2001 many of the heritage sites are damaged and are still in dilapidated and unused.

Concern/Challenges: ●

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Kutch being the largest district in India has a rich cultural and built heritage spread across its unique geography, but very few of them are available to people to its potential use.

There are several institutes focusing and working on uplifting individual aspects like Handicrafts, Built Crafts, and other traditional art forms which were losing its importance and context with current time, but these institutes are also underutilized due to various factors There is no coherent space or body working to provide a platform acknowledging the importance of all the elements together that defines Kutch.

There are several unexplored or underutilized spaces in the district that can boost the growth of Tourism industry in Kutch which is already flourishing after inception of Rann Utsav in 2006 Many such landmark sites having a huge importance in history of Kutch lies in the Bhuj city(Capital of Kutch district) are in ruins or are functioning as a mundane spaces with people only visiting during Rann Utsav festival There is no ‘Go To’ infrastructure that helps tourists as well as locals to understand Kutch's Rich heritage and explore the Kutch to its glory.

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Aim: To create a platform that promotes Kutch’s identity and acts as a Cultural Aggregator.

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Revitalize the heritage zones to promote cultural tourism and active public cultural place.

Understanding the model of Institutes currently working in Kutch for the up-liftment of its Cultural heritage and analyzing the factors due to which they are not functioning to its desired potential.

Create a sustainable model of the institute in the capital of Kutch district that works in the confluence with the city’s heritage sites which provides a coalesce knowledge of Kutch’s cultural and built heritage and which would act as a ‘Go to’ space for the locals as well as tourists to understand and take away what Kutch as a place has to provide.

Create effective linkages between tourism and cultural facilities and also the conservation of natural and built heritage.

Development and promotion of core tangible economic activities to enhance avenues of livelihoods amongst stakeholders. This would also include necessary skill development amongst them including making public spaces accessible and developing cultural spaces.

Increase accessibility to underutilized heritage spaces as well as institutes promoting arts, crafts and other traditions of the region.

Scope: To study the culture by means of a heritage and public spaces and understand various elements assembling in formation of culture. Study of an active public space and understand the patterns of it and looking at contemporary scenario how it can be modified or refined. Solving the issues which help to revitalize the place and enhance the character of the place.

Limitations: ●

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The region of Kutch is very huge to identify and propose the required solutions, so study can be carried out by identifying few major zones which can be converted to live institute.

The population in the region is sparse, so to create an accessible environment to maximum people which has to function to its potential is another challenge.

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Research

Img Source:mapsoďŹ ndia.com

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Info. source:www.india.gov.in

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Info. source:www.india.gov.in

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Info. source:www.mohua.gov.in

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Info. source:tourism.gov.in

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Info. source:tourism.gov.in

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Kutch-A Cultural Asset

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Understanding Kutch as a Cultural Asset ● ● ●

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Kachchh, commonly written as "Kutch," is the largest district in India and is located in Gujarat state with the area of 45,674 sqKM. It is a mosaic of diverse landscapes, people, and cultures that together create a distinct identity that is unmistakable to those who come here.

The district is surrounded by ocean on one side, and the Rann of Kachchh, a vast salt desert, on the other. •Once a major trade hub of the Indus Valley delta, Kachchh has long been a melting pot defined by fluid boundaries.

It is a meeting point of people, cultures, faiths, languages, and traditions across a diversity of ecosystems and terrains. A place that is constantly changing, yet feels curiously unchanged.

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There are numerous myths, legends and folklores surrounding of origin of kutch. At first glance much of its area- ‘Rann’ means marshy desert-is barren and inhospitable. A fine,white sands blows everywhere. But the many tribes that thrive here are a testimony to the resilience and ingenuity of the desert folk.

Kutch also has stretches of richly diverse grasslands which support pastoral communities.Their homes, clothes and crafts bloom with intense life and colour.

Kutch literally means something which intermittently becomes wet and dry; large part of this district known as Rann of Kutch is shallow wet-land which submerges in water during the rainy season and becomes dry during other seasons.

The same word is also used in the languages of Sanskrit origin for a tortoise and garments to be worn while having a bath. It is interesting to note that when its map viewed upside down, it resembles a tortoise.

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•The architecture of the museum block is a series of large solid volumes, punctuated by conidial skylights that cut out the elements and the dust.

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•Along with the core, are the ancillary passageways and shaded spaces for craft demonstrations and impromptu workshops that attach to the core as porous appendages, allowing spontaneous and simultaneous experiences.

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Case Studies

Location

1.Police Headquarters block 2.Armoury 3.Barrack block 4.Married inspectors’ quarters 6.Married sergeants’ quarters 7.Single inspectors’ quarters 8.Ablutions block 9.Central magistracy 10.Superintendent’s house 11.A hall 12.B hall 13.C hall 14.D hall 15.E hall 17.F hall 19.Bauhina house 20.JC contemporary 21.JC cube PY: Prison Yard PG: Parade Ground

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Parade Ground:

01 Police Headquarters Block(Exhibition+Cafe+Shops+Police Service Centre)

02 Armoury(Restaurants)

Legend: Visitor Centre Box Office Heritage Storytelling Space

03 Barrack Block(Visitors Centre+Exhibition+Retail Shops)

Police Service Centre Toilets

04 Married Inspectors' Quarters(Artists’ Accommodation) 06 Married Sergeants' Quarters(Artists’ Accommodation) 07 Single Inspectors' Quarters(Artists’ Accommodation) 08 Ablutions Block(back of the house facilities)

Accessible Toilets Baby Carez 55

01 The Police Headquarter block: Completed in 1919, the Police Headquarters Block is one of the most impressive heritage buildings in Tai Kwun. Forming the public face of the complex, the north-side façade is a Neo-Classical revival design while the south-side features a Classicist design.

The building was originally used for a variety of purposes, ranging from dormitories and offices to a gymnasium. The building now houses a Heritage Storytelling Space, a police service centre, as well as shops and restaurants.

02 Armoury: Work on the Armoury started in 1924 and, during the Japanese occupation, was used as stables for Japanese mounted guards (the building's alternate name is the Stable Block). In the late 20th century, the building was used as offices for the Traffic Police. The building now houses a restaurant.

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03 The Barrack Block:One of the oldest buildings on the site, the Barrack Block was built between 1862 and 1864 and is situated on the southern side of the Parade Ground. It was originally a three-storey structure, with an additional storey added in 1905 to accommodate the expanding police force. The building played a major role on the site, forming the backdrop to ceremonies held on the Parade Ground. In the late 1920s, the block housed oďŹƒces for The Hong Kong Island Emergency Unit. The Barrack Block is now home to the Main Heritage Gallery and a Heritage Storytelling Space with areas for the visitor centre, shops and restaurants.

04 Married Inspectors' Quarters:Built between 1862 and 1864, this is one of the oldest buildings on the site.

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06 Married Sergeants Quarters: Built in 1896, these quarters were previously used as a dormitory block. This building is now used to accommodate artists-in-residence.

07 Single Inspectors’ Quarters:Built between 1900 and 1903, this building is signiďŹ cant for its mix of classical Western design and Chinese elements, such as verandas and the traditional tile rooďŹ ng. Designed to be of a domestic scale, it was used as a dormitory. The building is now used to accommodate artists-in-residence.

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08 Ablutions Block: Ablutions Block's exact year of construction is unknown, but the structure appeared on plans from the 1920s onwards and was linked to the Barrack Block. Formerly a sanitary building, it was also the site of the original stables and coolies' quarters for the Barrack Block. The building is now used for back-of-house facilities and a plant room.

09 The Central Magistracy It is one of the most historically signiďŹ cant buildings on site. Originally established in the 1840s, it underwent two reconstructions. The current structure was built in 1914. The colonial architecture was a symbol of the importance and power of the court. The building is notable for its connection to the police and prison functions that provided an "all-in-one" service. The Court Room No.1 will now be used as a Heritage Storytelling Space, while the main building will be used for integrated cultural and lifestyle programmes.

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Prison Yard:

10 Superintendent's House 11 A Hall 12 B Hall 13 C Hall 14 D Hall 15 E Hall 17 F Hall 19 Bauhinia House 20 JC Contemporary 21 JC Cube,Laundry Steps

Legend: Visitor Centre

Toilets

Box Office

Accessible Toilets

Heritage Storytelling Space

Baby Care

Police Service Centre

Water Dispenser

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Built in 1862, this Superintendent's House served as the main entrance to the prison. It was also the quarters and offices for the prison superintendent. By the mid-20th century, the building was converted into a prison chapel.

13. C Hall was constructed in 1928 and was first used as the prison hospital; in the mid-20th century, it was converted into offices. These buildings have been transformed into spaces for restaurants, shops, offices and additional back-of-house facilities.

11. A Hall Built in 1928 with a design that is practical and functional. A Hall served as office space, with a chapel room on the ground floor in later years. Its last known use was as an immigration office. The building is now used for education and community activities.

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14. Design on this building began in 1858. It is one of the oldest buildings on site and the only surviving remnant of the radial-plan prison block.

Over time, the hall served various functions such as a prison and a hospital. The building now houses oďŹƒces, a restaurant, a Heritage Storytelling Space, as well as back-of-house facilities.

12.B Hall was constructed in 1910 and was used as a prison cell block. It was a relatively modern design in the early 20th century, and the previous structure was pulled down with the help of prisoners. It now serves as a Heritage Storytelling Space, with its existing state maintained in order to provide visitors with an authentic impression of historical prison conditions.

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One of the two new buildings designed by Herzog & de Meuron, JC Contemporary houses exhibition spaces as well as a viewing terrace and a restaurant. The building is connected to gallery spaces in F Hall.

The other of the two new buildings designed by Herzog & de Meuron, the JC Cube houses a multi-purpose auditorium for screenings, conferences, seminars and educational activities. The building is connected to the back-of-house facilities in D and E Halls. It features a covered outdoor space with audience seating located in the void beneath the auditorium known as the Laundry Steps.

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Location

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Site Selection and Analysis

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Site: BHUJ, KUTCH Bhuj city is the administrative capital of Kutch district in Gujarat, it was founded by Rao Hamir in 1510 and was made the capital of Kutch by Rao Khengarji I in 1549.

Country:India State:Gujarat District:Kutch Municipality:Bhuj Municipality Founded by: Rao Hamirji Govt. type:Elected Govt. body: Municipality Total area: 56 SqKm Elevation:110m

Population (census 2011) Total:213,514 Density:3,800/sqKm Languages:Kutchi, Gujarati Time zone:UTC+5:30 (IST) Pin: 370001 Telephone: 2832 Vehicle Registration: GJ 12 70

Topography: Bhuj has an average elevation of 110 metres (360 feet). On the eastern side of the city is a hill known as Bhujia Hill, on which there is a Bhujia Fort, that separates Bhuj city and Madhapar town. It has two lakes namely Hamirsar and Desalsar.

Desalsar Lake Hamirsar Lake

Bhujia Hill

Climate: The climate in Bhuj is called a desert climate. During the year, there is virtually no rainfall.The average annual temperature in Bhuj is 26.3 °C. The rainfall here averages 358 mm. Bhuj has a borderline hot desert climate just short of a hot semi-arid climate.

Apart from the cool mornings of the Winter season from December to February, temperatures are very warm to sweltering throughout the year, which further reduces the effectiveness of the erratic monsoonal rainfall. During the Hot season from mid-March to mid-June, temperatures of 40 °C or 104 °F are frequent, whilst during the monsoon season they exceed 34 °C or 93.2 °F with high humidity except during rainy spells accompanied by cooler temperatures but oppressive humidity.

Climate Data of Bhuj 1981-2010

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Potential identified sites for Architectural interventions:

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Program and Site Development

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Master Plan

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Artisan Zone

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Saat Otla and Green Public Zone

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Institution-Artisan Forum

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Interpretation Zone

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Interpretation Zone

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Allied Studies

Environmental Aspect: Water Management During 1510 to 1549, from inception of Bhuj to its declaration as a capital, Hamirsar Lake system was developed to serve the city. During these forty years, a system for water management was designed and built to harness water from catchments. This system consisted of a series of lakes, water channels and canals and open wells in the periphery of the lake to facilitate recharge from lakes through the sandstone aquifers.

Shift from traditional to a Municipal System: In 1815 Kachchh became a British protectorate and ultimately a Princely State, whose local ruler acknowledged British sovereignty in return for local autonomy. Bhuj was the Capital of Princely State of Kachchh. When the British East India Company annexed Indian territories, the water supply systems came under its direct purview (Uma Sankari, 1993).

There was very little effort made to augment water supply of Bhuj during the British regime, though in some parts of Gujarat, piped water supply was introduced. At the same time, there was very little effort to understand and improve the traditional systems – be it natural resource management, irrigation or drinking water. Raman (2014, pg 26) highlights the changes in land tenure system and the British quest for extracting large revenues. “The enormous drain of the 94 village review by appropriation by the state led to disintegration of the traditional society and polity.

At the local level, allocation for infrastructural arrangements such as irrigation systems – for their maintenance and management- were stopped.� The British introduced a more centralized system of management staffed by civil engineers, who were largely not familiar with the local water resource management systems. This twin effect of less fiscal resources and an unaware administration led to the neglect of the traditional water resources management system in Bhuj.

Decline of the lake system in Bhuj: Apart from the main Hamisar lake, watershed of Bhuj has network of another 43 lakes located in and around Bhuj. These lakes were an important component of the water resource system of Bhuj city. These lakes formed an important part of natural watershed of Bhuj.

However over the years these lakes were encroached upon and used for sewage and garbage dumping. Today many of these lakes faces serious threats of encroachment, eutrophication, and silt accumulation. Some of these lakes have disappeared and are completely built over. Once the sponges of city, today these lakes have turned into hazards.

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Existing conditions of Lakes

Major challenges to water management in Bhuj:

Water Management in Bhuj: ●

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Approaches for water management of Bhuj city should consist of utilizing existing available groundwater along with increasing recharge or infiltration activities which will improve groundwater quality simultaneously.

Strategy should also include preventing surplus runoff to flow out of city by building adequate infrastructure for storage (ponds/lakes), by reducing abstraction of groundwater for domestic and other usages and by reducing distribution losses.

Revival of lakes and watershed system, recharging of groundwater and rainwater harvesting have to be in the focus of urban planning and decision-making processes as these water sources, if protected and managed properly, will create tremendous potential to augment the overall water sources of city.

One of the solutions to this could be through rainwater harvesting - capturing the runoff as it forms the most suitable approach to manage water at household or society scale. This method is effective in aquifer recharge by directing excess rain water into ground.

Rainwater harvesting technique can also be adopted at city scale through storm water drains and infiltration trenches on roads or through recharge wells inside lakes. Water harvesting addresses issues of inadequacy of water supply, declining ground water level & groundwater quality.

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Building Materials and Construction Techniques in Kutch: Architectural Typologies have developed in the Kutch region as Factor of Tradition, Climate and Functionality. The materials used are locally available materials like Mud, Bamboo, cane leaves, of late Bricks, stone etc. Bhungas are traditional houses unique to the Kutch region in Gujarat.

The houses are circular walled with thatched roof. According to the limitation of material and construction techniques. These houses essentially made from organic renewable resources such as mud, grass, cow dung cane etc. The plinth and the foundation consists of consolidated earth with stone and bamboo posts, the walls consists of mud wall, split grass, earth, cane etc., and the roof is thatched, made of wheat or maize straws.

Fort wall of Jakhau made of Stone

Traditional Bhunga of Banni made with wattle and daub construction system

Exploded View of Bhunga

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The Structural System consists of mud load bearing wall and the wooden nuts truss which supports the roof. The wooden columns are in house in the mud wall. Much of the behaviors of the structure depend on the load bearing mud walls. The structure Integrity is dependent upon Monolithic wall of mud. The corner Junction are woods Sticks and the Foundation are simply filled with earth with the depth 2-3 feet.

Wall Section of different construction techniques of Bhunga

Construction techniques in different parts of kutch:

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Earth as a Building Material:

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Earth Construction methods in Kutch:

Rammed Earth Construction

Wattle and Daub Construction

Adobe Construction

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Rammed Earth: ● ● ●

Rammed earth is a simple construction technique based on compacting earth between formwork to make homogeneous wall.

It has recently become popular in Australia, the USA and other parts of the world because it is recognized as a sustainable building material.

Few realize the full extent off historic rammed earth construction and the variety of techniques used in the past.

Illustration showing the construction details and formwork

Hunnarshala office, rammed earth construction

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To built a rammed earth wall, a formwork box is constructed, and soil is taken from the ground and if necessary sieved to remove larger particles.

Additives such as straw or lime may be mixed into the soil, which is then dropped into the formwork in layers, usually around 150mm high.

The layer is then compacted using a heavy rammer. Upon compaction of one layer, another layer of earth is placed in the formwork and the process repeated until the formwork is full.101 Upon completion of one horizontal level the formwork is moved vertically, the mass of standing wall being known as a lift.

Formwork detail for rammed earth

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Corner wall formwork detail for rammed earth

Illustration showing the life cycle off rammed earth construction

illustration showing rammed earth construction sequence

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Wattle and Daub: ● ● ● ●

The origins of wattle and daub stem from the primitive buildings, where huts were constructed of poles and earthen walls.

Earth walling could be used simply as a base for a roof, or higher walls could be formed to raise the roof away from the ground.

The walls could be made with wattles, woven from brushwood (thin wands) coppiced from nearby woodlands.

These wattle walls, bearing no significant difference to the construction of hurdles, used the same technique as fencing for boundaries, penning, wind-resistance and privacy and those laid flat as tracks.

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Illustration The principal method of wattle and daub walling, established by the Iron Age. From Bowyer (1973).

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The wattle is made by weaving thin branches (either whole, or more usually split) or slats between upright stakes. The wattle may be made as loose panels, slotted between timber framing to make infill panels, or it may be made in place to form the whole of a wall.

Daub is usually created from a mixture of certain ingredients from three categories: binders, aggregates and reinforcement.

Binders hold the mix together and can include clay, lime, chalk dust and limestone dust.

Aggregates give the mix its bulk and dimensional stability through materials such as earth, sand, crushed chalk and crushed stone.

Reinforcement is provided by straw, hair, hay or other fibrous materials, and helps to hold the mix together as well as to control shrinkage and provide flexibility.

The daub may be mixed by hand, or by treading – either by humans or livestock. It is then applied to the wattle and allowed to dry, and often then whitewashed to increase its resistance to rain.

This process is similar in modern architecture to lath and plaster, a common building material for wall and ceiling surfaces, in which a series of nailed wooden strips are covered with plaster smoothed into a flat surface.

In some regions this building method has itself been overtaken by drywall construction using plasterboard sheets.

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Standard wall panel in wattle and daub system

Adobe Brick Construction: Adobe bricks are rectangular mud bricks, shaped in forms, dried in the sun, and then laid up in courses in the wall with mud or cement mortar. This method has two advantages: 1. The exact amount of shrinkage in the brick is relatively unimportant as long as the unit remains intact. That means you can use heavier soils than with monolithic methods. All shrinkage takes place before the bricks are laid in the wall.

2. Labor requirements are extremely flexible. One man or several men may be put to work with a minimum of equipment. One person, working alone, may accomplish a great deal, over a period of time. A three- to five-man crew will usually work most efficiently.

Adobe bricks wall

Adobe construction

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Illustration showing making of adobe bricks

Financial Aspect: 1.Government Assistance: There are several govt. Grants and financial aids for creating infrastructure for promotion of culture and tourism.

The available schemes that can be applied for the current project are by Indian ministry of Culture: ● Scheme of Financial Assistance for Promotion of Art and Culture ● Scheme of Financial Assistance for Creation of Cultural Infrastructure ● Scheme for “Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage and Diverse Cultural Traditions of India” Scheme for “Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage and Diverse Cultural Traditions of India” Scope: The objective of the Scheme is to support and strengthen the efforts of various stakeholders vis-a-vis wider recognition and acceptance, dissemination, preservation and promotion of the rich, diverse and vast ICH of India including recognition of the same by the UNESCO. The Scheme aims to support 1. Institutions/ Universities/ State Govts/ UT Administrations/ non-MoC Institutions/ Societies/ Non-government organisations, involved in the preservation and propagation of intangible cultural heritage, cultural expressions etc.

2. Individuals, researchers, scholars, professionals who are involved in the research, training, preservation, perpetuation, dissemination, and propagation of intangible cultural heritage, cultural expressions etc.

2.CSR funds from Industries in Kutch ●

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Apart from the available govt. schemes , Kutch is known for Industrial hub, there are 72 identified large scale industries functioning in Kutch, which generates a huge amount of CSR fund.

Development for promotion of Culture is one of the criteria to use the CSR funds generated by the large scale industries.

Large Scale Industries in Kutch: 1.M/s Asia Motor Works Ltd. Village Kanaiyabe, Taluka-Bhuj 2. M/s Archean Chemical Industries, Gandhidham 3. M/s Ashapura Group of Industries. Madhapar, Taluka-Bhuj 4 M/s Agrocel Industries Ltd., Bhuj 5. M/s Mundra Port & SPL. Eco. Zone Ltd. Mundra 107

6. M/s Anchor Electric Pvt. Ltd. Village Lakhond, Taluka-Bhuj 7. M/s Anchor Dewoo Industries Village Padhar ,Taluka-Bhuj 8. M/s ABG Cement Ltd. Bhuj 9. M/s Banyan & Berry Alloy Pvt. Ltd. Village Meghpar Borichi, Taluka- Anjar 10. M/s Ajanta Manufacturing Ltd. Village Vandhiya, Taluka- Bhachau 11. M/s Ankur Chem Food Products, Gandhidham 12. M/s Aroma Hightech Ltd. Lakadiya, Taluka-Bhachau 13. M/s Euro Ceramics Ltd. Bhachau 14. M/s Gallant Metal Ltd. Gandhidham 15. M/s Gujarat NRE COKE Ltd. Village Lunva, Taluka- Bhachau 16. M/s Indian Steel Corpotation Ltd. Village Bhimasar, Taluka-Anjar 17. M/s Gujarat Anjan Cement Ltd. (J.P.Group), Bhuj 18. M/s IFFICO, Old Kandla-Kutch 19. M/s Jindal Saw Ltd. Village Nana Kapaya,Talula –Mundra 20 M/s Welspun Power & Steel Ltd. Village Varsamedi , Taluka- Anjar 21 M/s Man Industries India Ltd. Village Khedoi, Taluka- Anjar 22 M/s Mahashakti Coke, Mundra 23 M/s Mid India Power & Steel Ltd. Village Mithi Rohar, Taluka-Gandhidham 24 M/s P.S. L. Ltd. Gandhidham 25 M/s Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. Village Ler, Taluka-Bhuj 26 M/s Ratanamani Metals & Tubes Ltd. Vliiage Bhimasar, Taluka-Anjar 27 M/s Suzlon Energy Ltd. Village Paddar, Taluka-Bhuj 28 M/s Sanghi Industries Ltd. Bhuj 29 M/s Solaris Chem Tech Ltd. Village Khavda , Taluka-Bhuj30 M/s S.A.L.Steel Ltd. Village Bharapr Taluka Ghandhidham 31 M/s Surya Global Steel Tubes Ltd. Village Bhuvad, Taluka- Anjar 32 M/s Suzlon Structures Ltd. Village Chopadva, Taluka- Bhuj 33 M/s V V F Ltd. Village Meghpar Borichi, Taluka Gandhidham 34 M/s Welspun India Ltd. Anjar 35 M/s Electrotherm ( India ) Ltd. , Samkhiyali, Taluka -Bhachau 36 M/s Friends Group of Companies, Ghandhidham 37 M/s Nilkanth Group of Industries,Gandhidham 38 M/s Aditya Coke Pvt. Ltd. Village Chopadava, Taluka- Bhachau 39 M/s Ashapura Chaina Clay Company, Village Bhujodi, Taluka-Bhuj 40 M/s Bharat Foods Co-Op Ltd. Village Mithi Rohar, Taluka-Gandhidham 41 M/s Cargil India Pvt. Ltd. Village Bhimasar, Taluka- Anjar 42 M/s Excel Corp Care Ltd. Village Gajod, Taluka-Bhuj 43 M/s Euro Multivision Ltd. Bhachau 44 M/s Sparta Cements , Gandhidham 45 M/s Global Hi-Tech Industries Ltd. Village Kaniyabe. Taluka- Bhuj 46 M/s Gujarat Adani Port Ltd. Mundra 47 M/s J M D Oils Pvt. Ltd. Bhimasar-Anjar 48 M/s Klaus Waren Fixtures Pvt. Ltd. Padhar , Taluka-Bhuj 49 M/s Kush Synthetics Pvt. Ltd. Village Moti Chirai, Bhachau-Kutch 50 M/s Kutch Chemical Industries Ltd. Village Padana, Taluka- Gandhidham 51 M/s Lakhmiwadi Mines & Minerals P. Ltd. Village Gundala, Taluka-Mundra

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52 M/s New Tech Forge & Foundry Samkhiyali ,Taluka- Bhachau 53 M/s Kesari Oil Pvt. Ltd. Village Meghapar Borichi, Taluka- Anjar 54 M/s Natural Petrochemicals P. Ltd. Bhimasar-Anjar 55 M/s Maa Kali Metcoke Industries Village Lunava, Taluka- Bhachau 56 M/s Rudraksh Detergent & Chemical Pvt. Ltd. Village Padana, Taluka- Gandhidham 57 M/s Saurashtra Enviro Projects P.Ltd. Village Juna Katariya, Taluka- Bhachau 58 M /s Sumilon Industries Ltd. Village Vasana , Taluka-Anjar 59 M/s Ramco Industries Ltd. Village Sinugra, Taluka Anjar 60 M/s Sumanglam Glass Industries P.Ltd. Samkhiyali-Bhachau 61 M/s Sintex Industries Ltd. Bhachau 62 M/s Shaifali Rolls Ltd. Village Tuna , Taluka-Anjar 63 M/s Welspun Gujarat Stahl Rohren Ltd. Village Varsamedi, Taluka- Anjar 64 M/s 20 Micros Ltd. Village Mamura , Taluka-Bhuj 65 M/a Austrial Coke and Power Projects Ltd. Village Lunava, Taluka- Bhachau 66 M/s Costal Gujarat Power Ltd. Village Tunda ,Taluka-Mundra 67 M/s Mono Steel (India) Ltd. Village Dhamdaka , Taluka -Anjar 68 M/s Ashapura Volclay Ltd. Village Ler , Taluka-Bhuj 69 M/s Sheetal Agro Industries , Nakhtrana 70 M/s Jindal Saw Ltd. Village Samaghogha ,Taluka -Mundra 71 M/s Net Interactive Ltd. Village Lunava, Taluka- Bhachau 72 M/s Manaksia Limited Village Chandrani, Taluka-Anjar

3.Joint Venture(PPP model) There are several institutes and NGOs active in kutch working for the promotion of cultural heritage of kutch, the active big names like Shrujan Foundation, Hunnarshala foundation, Khamir, Kalaraksha etc.

A joint venture between all the private entities and government can for a SPV(Special purpose vehicle) to fund the project not only for the construction but also for the management of the project after completion.

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Bibliography Books: Kutch-The last frontier; T.S Randhawa Art,Culture and Natural History of Kutch; Dr. S.K bhowmik The arts of Kutch by marg publications Bhuj; Azhar Tyabji Architecture of Kutch; Sanjay Udmale Kutch tour guide; Promod Jethi Tourism booklets; Gujrat tourism The Blackhills of Kutch; L.M Rushbrook Bhuj Sanskruti Darshan; Promod Jethi Map references; K-Link Kutch

Online Refrences: Kutch a sojourn/publication on issuu Traditional crafts of kutch/issuu www.india.gov.in www.mohua.gov.in www.tourism.gov.in www.bhujbolechhe.com www.gujarattourism.com www.asanjokutch,com Kutchguide.blogspot.com www.kachchh.nic.in www.lldcshrujan.com www.khamir.com www.shrujan.com www.hunnarshala.com

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