Identification Guide of Vulnerable species incidentally caught in Mediterranean Fisheries

IDENTIFICATION GUIDE OF VULNERABLE SPECIES

INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

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The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations.

Published by: IUCN, Malaga, Spain Copyright: © ACCOBAMS, SPA/RAC, IUCN, Birdlife Europe and Central Asia (BL ECA) and MEDASSET, 2019 Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Nonetheless, all photographs and illustrations used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder (see individual captions for details).Photographs and illustrations should not be reproduced or used in other contexts without written permission from the copyright holder.

Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.

Edited by: Maria del Mar Otero, IUCN Center for Mediterranean Cooperation Main authors: Maria del Mar Otero1, Fabrizio Serena2, Vasilis Gerovasileiou3, Monica Barone 4, Marzia Bo5, José Manuel Arcos6, Antonio Vulcano7, Joana Xavier 8.

Contributing authors: Anis Zarrouk 9, Celia Le Ravallec10, Paolo Carpentieri11, Eleana Touloupaki12, Violeta Barrios1, Ayaka Amaha Ozturk13, Ibrahim Ben Amer 9, Dorra Maaoui9, Margherita Sessa11, Konstantina Andreanidou12, Vicky Rae12, Aurora Nastasi11, Daniel Mitchell7, Robin Snape14, Verónica Cortés Serra6, Mercedes Munoz1 and Mohamed Nejmeddine Bradai15.

1

IUCN Center for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain / 2 Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology, National Research Council, Italy; IUCN SSC Shark specialist group / 3 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece /

4

IUCN SSC Shark specialist group, Italy / 5 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Italy / 6 SEO/BirdLife / 7 BirdLife Europe and Central Asia, Belgium and BirdLife International, UK /

8

CIIMAR - University of Porto, Portugal; University of Bergen, Norway / 9 UN Environment/MAP - SPA/RAC, Tunisia /

10

ACCOBAMS, Monaco / 11 General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean, FAO, Italy / 12 MEDASSET, Greece /

13

Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Turkey / 14 MEDASSET, Greece; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, UK / 15 National Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Tunisia

Citation: Otero, M., Serena F., Gerovasileiou, V.,Barone, M., Bo, M., Arcos, J.M., Vulcano A., Xavier, J. (2019).

Identification guide of vulnerable species incidentally caught in Mediterranean fisheries. IUCN, Malaga, Spain, 204 pages.

Copyright of illustration of the cover page and pages 1, 7, 25, 57, 62, 167, 183 : © SPA/RAC, 2018 Layout by: miniestudio.es With the financial support of MAVA

Available from: IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation C/ Marie Curie 22 29590 Campanillas, Malaga, Spain.

Tel: +34 952 028430 – Fax: +34 952 028145 www.iucn.org/mediterranean

Identification guide of vulnerable species incidentally caught in Mediterranean fisheries

2

Introduction This identification guide has been developed to support the monitoring of bycatch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean fisheries. The work has been produced within the context of the project “Understanding Mediterranean multi-taxa ‘bycatch’ of vulnerable species and testing mitigation– a collaborative approach” funded by MAVA Foundation through a partnership between the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area (ACCOBAMS), the General Fisheries Commi­ssion for the Mediterranean (GFCM) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas of the United Nations Environment/Mediterranean Action Plan (SPA/RAC), International Union for Conservation of Nature – Centre for Medi­terranean Cooperation (IUCN-Med), BirdLife Europe and Central Asia (BL ECA) and the Mediterranean Association to Save the Sea Turtles (MEDASSET).

The compilation and final editing of the guide has been coordinated by IUCN with the support of all the involved partners and Mediterranean experts acknowledged in the document. Origin of text sources and materials used are described for each group taxa at the beginning of each chapter. The vulnerable species are grouped taxonomically into marine mammals, seabirds, sea turtles, chondrichthyans (sharks, rays and chimaeras), sponges and corals.

The guide with the species descriptions has been developed to provide observers on board fishing vessels and fishers with identification assistance and general information about vulnerable species potentially caught as bycatch. Complementary to this, is the document Monitoring the incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries - methodology for data collection prepared

by FAO/GFCM1 with the inputs provided by partner organizations.

Each species description contains photographs, illustrations and narrative descriptions to highlight impor­t ant anatomical structures and features of a particular species. Considering the difficulties of identification of some coral and sponge species living in the Mediterranean, these taxa groups have been grouped into morphological groups to allow easier identification, although it is recommended they are identified at species level when possible.

For each species, there is a description of the main characteristics that can be used to identify the species (or for the case of sponges and corals, the morphological groups), together with its common name in several languages (English, Spanish, French and Arabic). Information is also provided if the species is protected under Appendix I (Endangered migratory species) and/or Appendix II (Migratory species conserved through Agreements) of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS); Appendix I (Species threatened with extinction) of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area (ACCOBAMS); or under Annex II (List of Endangered or Threatened Species) or III (List of Species Whose Exploitation is Regulated) of the SPA/ BD Protocol (Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean) of the Barcelona Convention.

Additionally, it is provided if the species is included at any GFCM (General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean) recommendations on fisheries management measures for conservation of the species in the GFCM area as well as the management recommendations and resolutions adopted by ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas) on bycatch in tuna and tuna-like fisheries.

Finally is given the conservation status following IUCN conservation categories in 2019. ___ 1

FAO. 2019. Monitoring the incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries: Metho­ dology for data collection. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 640. Rome, FAO.

3

Acronyms and abbreviations ACCOBAMS: Agreement for the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area

SPA/BD Protocol: Protocol of the Barcelona Convention concerning the Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean

CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

CMS: Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.

GFCM: General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean.

ICCAT: International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas.

Languages:

EN English

SP Spanish

FR French

AR Arabic

In any case, when the information is not available, the cells are blank.

Key to IUCN Red List category symbols For each species sheets, the IUCN categories relating to the conservation status both globally and Mediterranean level are reported, according to the following scheme:

Least Concern

Threatened

CR

EN

VU

NT

LC

DD

Critically Endangered

Endangered

Vulnerable

Near Threatened

Least Concern

Data Deficient

4

Not Evaluated

MARINE MAMMALS

SEABIRDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

SEA TURTLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57

CHONDRICHTYANS (sharks, rays, skates and chimaeras) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62

SPONGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

167

CORALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

183

SPONGES

7

CORALS

MARINE MAMMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

SEA TURTLES

SEABIRDS

Contents

5

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

6

MARINE MAMMALS

Marine Mammals Twelve cetaceans species of two sub-orders and five families occur regularly in the Mediterranean and might have some interactions with fisheries (e.g. fish depredation, incidentally caught as bycatch). A few other species whose occurrence is rare are listed at the end of this section. Even if rare, Sousa plumbea has been included in this document as some individuals have been observed interacting with fisheries. One phocid (earless seal) occurs in the Eastern basin mainly (few sightings are reported in the Western basin). All of these are of conservation concern.

Source reference materials ACCOBAMS, 2015. Teaching module for the conservation of cetaceans, Cetaceans -Identification of species occurring in the ACCOBAMS area. 46 pages IUCN, 2012. Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Gland, Switzerland and Malaga, Spain: IUCN. 32 pages Artwork by: Jessica Sanchez. Conservation status details are taken from the IUCN red list of threatened species database 2018.

For Sousa plumbea illustration from Artescienza-M.WĂźrtz and Massimo Demma.

7

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

MARINE MAMMAL CHECKLIST Cetaceans (by Family) BALAENOPTERIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

Balaenoptera physalus, Fin whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 PHYSETERIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

Physeter macrocephalus, Sperm whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ZIPHIIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

Ziphius cavirostris, Cuvier’s beaked whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 DELPHINIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

Orcinus orca, Killer whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Globicephala melas, Long-finned pilot whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Grampus griseus, Risso’s dolphin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Steno bredanensis, Rough-toothed dolphin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Tursiops truncatus, Common bottlenose dolphin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Stenella coeruleoalba, Striped dolphin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Delphinus delphis, Short-beaked common dolphin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 PHOCOENIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19

Phocoena phocoena, Harbour porpoise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Seals PHOCIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

Monachus monachus, Mediterranean monk seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Rare/vagrant species Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Common minke whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Balaenoptera borealis, Sei whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Pseudorca crassindens, False killer whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Megaptera novaeangliae, Humpback whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Sousa plumbea, Indian Ocean humpback dolphin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Eubalaena glacialis, North Atlantic right whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Kogia sima, Dwarf sperm whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Mesoplodon densirostris, Blainville’s beaked whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

8

CETACEANS MARINE MAMMALS

Balaenopteridae

© Jessica Sanchez

BALAENOPTERIDAE

ARABIC

LATIN NAME

ENGLISH

Balaenoptera physalus whale EN Fin

Fin Rorcual común SP whale

Balaenoptera

Common minke whale

Balaenoptera physalus, Fin whale MARINE MAMMALS

ACCOBAMS acutorostrata

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

FR

CITES: Appendix I

Sperm whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

Female: 20-22 m

AR

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

CMS: Appendix I

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

EN

VU

Global

Med

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Physeter macrocephalus

Size: Male: 18-20 m

Rorqual commun

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

New born: 6-6.5 m

(‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬

(‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬

Head: Triangular from above, narrow and pointed snout – 20-25% of body. A median ridge from

Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

Steno bredanensis

Rough-toothed dolphin

(‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬

the rostrum to the two blowholes.

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬

Body: Slender and spindle shaped, dark grey on the back, sometimes brownish, white on the

Tursiops truncatus Common bottlenose ‫اﻻﻧف‬fin. ‫ )ذو‬The ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬shape ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬of the ventral side. A saddle-shaped chevron on the back in front (‫اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬ of the dorsal dolphin

dorsal fin and chevron are used in photo-identification. Characteristics: asymmetrical colouration

‫واﻷﺑﯾض‬ ‫اﻷزرق‬ on the head. The right jaw is light-coloured while the left is(‫)اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ dark. Baleen plates, the‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ inside of the

Stenella coeruleoalba

Striped dolphin

and the lower lipShort-beaked are also light-coloured on the right side.

Delphinusmouth delphis common

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

dolphin

Dorsal fin: Located posteriorly, never exceeds 60 cm in height.

Sousa plumbea

Indian ocean humpback

Pectoral fins: Rather short dolphin

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

Relatively large (about ¼ the porpoise body length), upper side dark like the back, underside white, PhocoenaTail: phocoena harbour ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ rimmed in dark grey. Rarely visible.

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Monachus monachus

Mediterranean monk seal

Megaptera novaeangliae

Humpback whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬

Eubalaena glacialis

North Atlantic right whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬

Kogia sima

Dwarf Sperm Whale

Mesoplodon densirostris

Blainville's beaked whale

Balaenoptera borealis

Sei whale

Pseudorca crasssindens

False killer whale

Blow: Vertical, narrow and very visible (4 - 5 m high), often audible at several hundred metres.

TURTLES

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ ‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

9

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Physeteridae

© Jessica Sanchez

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH

MARINE MAMMALS Balaenoptera physalus PHYSETERIDAE

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Fin whale

Common minke whale Sperm ‫الحوت‬ ‫)منكي حوت( القزم‬ Physeter macrocephalus, whale

Balaenoptera

acutorostrata

Physeter macrocephalus EN Sperm whale

Sperm whale SP Cachalote

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

ACCOBAMS

Orcinus orca

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

Globicephala melas

Killer whale

FR

CITES: Appendix I

Long-finned pilot whale

Size: Male: 16-18 mRisso’s Female: 11-12 m Grampus griseus dolphin Steno bredanensis

Grand cachalot

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

AR

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

CMS: Appendix I

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

(‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬

EN

Global

Med

(‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬

New born: 3.3-4.2 m (‫)ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬

Rough-toothed dolphin

VU

‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو‬

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬

Tursiops truncatus Common bottlenose Head: Square and massive, about 1/4 to 1/3 of total body length. (‫اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬Characteristic ‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف‬lower ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬jaw:

narrow and slim (0.5 xdolphin 3 m long), with 17-30 conical teeth, 10-20 cm long, on each side. No teeth Stenella coeruleoalba Striped on the upper jaw. Small eyes. Adolphin single S-shaped blowhole,(‫)اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ in front of the head to the left. ‫واﻷﺑﯾض‬ ‫اﻷزرق‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ Delphinus Body: delphis Short-beaked common ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ Squat and massive.

Skin wrinkled, particularly in the posterior 2/3 of the body.

Colouration dolphin from dark grey to brown, the skin around the mouth and the throat are often white, with lighter Indian ocean Sousa plumbea patches of variable size and shape on humpback the belly.

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

dolphin

Dorsal fin: A ridge, more or less marked, followed by 4-8 knobs decreasing in size towards the tail.

Phocoena phocoena

harbour porpoise

‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Tail: Triangular with a deep median notch. Sperm whales dive vertically with the head down

Monachus and monachus Mediterranean ‫اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬ lift the tail out of the water, which ismonk usefulseal for photo-identification.

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب‬

‫اﻟﺣوت‬ Blow: Characteristic blow, powerful and bushy, 5-7 m high, inclined by 45° ‫اﻻﺣدب‬ forward and to the left.

Megaptera novaeangliae

Humpback whale

Eubalaena glacialis

North Atlantic right whale

Kogia sima

Dwarf Sperm Whale

Mesoplodon densirostris

Blainville's beaked whale

Balaenoptera borealis

Sei whale

Pseudorca crasssindens

False killer whale

‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ ‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬

TURTLES

10

Lepidochelys olivacea

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

MARINE MAMMALS

Ziphiidae

© Jessica Sanchez

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH

MARINE MAMMALS

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whale

Balaenoptera ZIPHIIDAE acutorostrata

Common minke whale

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

Ziphius cavirostris, Cuvier’s beaked whale Sperm whale

Physeter macrocephalus Ziphius cavirostris EN Cuvier’s beaked whale

Cuvier’s beaked whale Cuvier de Cuvier SP Zifio de FR Baleine

Orcinus orca

ACCOBAMS

AR

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

Killer whale

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

CITES: Appendix II

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

CMS: Appendix I

(‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

(‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

Size: Male: up to 7.5 m Steno bredanensis

Female: up to 7 mdolphin New born: 2 -2.7 m ) Rough-toothed (‫ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬

Tursiops truncatus

Common bottlenose

LC

DD

Global

Med

(‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ‬

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

dolphin

Head: Small relative to body. Receding forehead, nose slightly marked. Lower jaw exceeds the

Stenella coeruleoalba

Striped dolphin

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬

upper one. 2 large conical teeth, 7-8 cm long at the tip of the lower jaw in adult males, smaller

Delphinus Short-beaked common in adult delphis females, often embedded in the gums.

2 throat grooves forming an open V.‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬

dolphin

Body: Long and robust, relatively cylindrical. Colouration: relatively dark on the dorsal side

Sousa plumbea

Indian ocean humpback

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

from bluish grey to brown, lighter on the ventral side. In older specimens, the forehead and dolphin

snout are white and the body is often strewn with whitish spots and linear scars caused by social Phocoena phocoena harbour porpoise interactions.

Colouration is variable depending on location, age and sex. Lighter-coloured scars ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

and spots on the ventral side Mediterranean and flanks.

Monachus monachus monk seal

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Dorsal fin: Small (less than 40 cm), sickle-shaped to triangular, located in the posterior 2/3 of ‫اﻟﺣوت‬ the body.

Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale ‫اﻻﺣدب‬ rd

Pectoralglacialis fins: Short and oval.North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena Kogia sima Dwarf Spermnotch.

Whale Tail: Wide with a shallow or absent median Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville's beaked Blow: Very inconspicuous, oriented slightly forwardwhale and to the left.

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ ‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

Balaenoptera Sei beaked whale whales (Mesoplodon spp.) which are very rare. ‫اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت‬ Note: Can beborealis confused with other In the event

that species identification is not possible, trywhale to take a good photo from the lateral side of the head.

Pseudorca crasssindens False killer ‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬ TURTLES

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬

11

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Delphinidae

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH © Jessica Sanchez

MARINE MAMMALS

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whale

Balaenoptera

Common minke whale

acutorostrata DELPHINIDAE Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

Orcinus orca, Killer whale Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier’s beaked whale Killer whale EN orca Orcinus

SP

Globicephala melas ACCOBAMS

Orca Killer whale

FR

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬ (‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

Orque, épaulard

Long-finned pilot whale

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

CITES: Appendix II

AR

(‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬

(‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬

CMS: Appendix II

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

(‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬

Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

Steno bredanensis

Rough-toothed dolphin

Male: 8.5 - 9.8 m TursiopsSize: truncatus

Female: 6-7 m New born: around(‫اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬ 2m Common bottlenose

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف‬

dolphin

Stenella coeruleoalba

Striped dolphin

Delphinus delphis

Short-beaked common

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬

Head: Rounded and bulky, with a well-marked melon and diminutive snout. 10 to 12 conical teeth, 4-8 cm long on either side of both jaws.

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

dolphin

Heavy and robust. Colouration: characteristic, black with an oval spot behind the‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ eye, Indian ocean humpback SousaBody: plumbea ‫اﻻﺣدب‬

a lighter spot (saddle) behind the dorsal fin and a white area from the lower jaw to the underside dolphin of tail, widening in the genital region. This white genital area is long and narrow in males and

‫اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ wide and almost rounded in females. The shape of the saddle and the post-ocular spot ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر‬ is used

Phocoena phocoena

harbour porpoise

Monachus monachus in photo-identification.

Mediterranean monk seal

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Megaptera Humpback whale Dorsal novaeangliae fin: Major sexual dimorphism: in adult males, it is triangular and may reach 2 m ‫اﻟﺣوت‬ in height; ‫اﻻﺣدب‬

in females and young, it is sickle-shaped and right less than 80 cm in height.

Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic whale and rounded, paddle-shaped, and black.

KogiaPectoral sima fins: Very large, wide Dwarf Sperm Whale Tail: Black on top, white below, with a well-marked notch.

Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville's beaked whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ ‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬

Balaenoptera Blow: Lowborealis and bushy

Sei whale

Pseudorca crasssindens

False killer whale

‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill turtle

TURTLES

12

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬

DD

NE

Global

Med

MARINE MAMMALS

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH

MARINE MAMMALS © Jessica Sanchez

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whale

Balaenoptera

Common minke whale

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

acutorostrata

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

DELPHINIDAE Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

Globicephala melas, Long-finned pilot whale Orcinus orca Killer whale

(‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬

Globicephala melas EN Long-finned pilot whale

Grampus griseus ACCOBAMS

común Globicéphale Long-finned whalenoir, AR SP Calderón FR pilot dauphin pilote

Risso’s dolphin

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

CITES: Appendix II

Steno bredanensis

Rough-toothed dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

Common bottlenose

Size: Male: 5.5-6.2 m

Stenella coeruleoalba

(‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬

dolphin

Female: 4.5-5.5 m

Delphinus delphis

Striped dolphin

CMS: No listed

(‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬

LC

DD

Global

Med

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

New born: 1.7-1.8 m

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Short-beaked common

Head: Large and round. Rounded, globoid melon, increasingly so with age. Diminutive snout. dolphin

8-13plumbea pairs of conical teeth about 5 cm ocean long in humpback both upper and lower jaws.

Indian Sousa

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

dolphin Body: Long and relatively slim, thicker anteriorly. Colouration: Black and may be brownish

with a white anchor-shaped spot under porpoise the throat and belly. Calves are grey.

Phocoena phocoena harbour

‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Dorsal fin: Low and with a wide base (about twice its height), thick and relatively rounded, Monachus monachus Mediterranean monk seal ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬ located mid-body. In old and larger males, dorsal fin is located anteriorly. Allows easy

Megaptera novaeangliae

Humpback whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬

Eubalaena glacialis

North Atlantic right whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬

Kogia sima

Dwarf Sperm Whale

Mesoplodon densirostris

Blainville's beaked whale

Balaenoptera borealis

Sei whale

Pseudorca crasssindens

False killer whale

‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill turtle

Trionyx triunguis

African softshell turtle

identification of the species.

Pectoral fins: Very long and slender, curving posteriorly.

Tail: Marked median notch, thick keel.

Blow: At times visible in calm weather. Powerful, may exceed 1 m in height.

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ ‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬

TURTLES

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

13

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH

MARINE MAMMALS

© Jessica Sanchez

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whale

Balaenoptera

Common minke whale

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

acutorostrata

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

DELPHINIDAE Orcinus orca

Killer whale

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ (‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬

Grampus griseus, Risso’s dolphin (‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ Globicephala melas Long-finned pilot whale Grampus griseus dolphin EN Risso’s

SP

Steno bredanensis ACCOBAMS

Risso’s dolphin Calderón gris, delfín FR de Risso

Rough-toothed dolphin

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

Tursiops truncatus

Dauphin de Risso

CITES: Appendix II

Common bottlenose

AR

(‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬

CMS: Appendix II

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

dolphin

Stenella coeruleoalba

Size: Adult: 3 – 4 m

Delphinus delphis

Striped dolphin

New born: 1.2 – 1.5 m

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬

Short-beaked common

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

dolphin Indian ocean humpback Sousa plumbea ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬is Head: Massive, with a globoid forehead descending abruptly towards the mouth. ‫اﻻﺣدب‬ The melon

divided into two hemispheresdolphin by a shallow longitudinal groove, only visible in good observational conditions. The corner of theharbour mouth slopes up at 45° towards the eye. 3-7 pairs of conical teeth in porpoise

Phocoena phocoena

the lower jaw, no teeth in the upper jaw. No snout.

Monachus monachus

Mediterranean monk seal

Megaptera novaeangliae

Humpback whale

‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Body: Massive and powerful. Colouration: dark grey. A white, heart-shaped pattern is present

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬

under the throat and extends backwards towards the genital region. Calves are light grey and

Eubalaena glacialis Norththe Atlantic whale darken with time. Characteristic: body is right covered progressively with linear whitish ‫اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬scars ‫اﻟﺣوت‬

caused lastingSperm several Whale years. Eventually, the whole body turns light greyKogia simaby social interactions,Dwarf ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ whitish in older individuals. These scars are useful for photo-identification of individuals.

Mesoplodon densirostris

Blainville's beaked whale

‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

Dorsal fin: Long and pointed, sickle-shaped, immediately recognisable mainly by its whitish scars.

Balaenoptera borealis

Sei whale

Pectoral fins: Long and pointed, sickle-shaped.

Pseudorca crasssindens

False killer whale

Tail: Wide and very indented.

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

TURTLES

Blow: Inconspicuous, bushy, Loggerhead 0.5-1 m, leaning slightly towards the front.

Caretta caretta turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill turtle

Trionyx triunguis

African softshell turtle

14

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

LC

DD

Global

Med

MARINE MAMMALS

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH © Jessica Sanchez

MARINE MAMMALS Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whale

Balaenoptera

Common minke whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

acutorostrata

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

DELPHINIDAE Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ (‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ (‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬

Steno bredanensis, Rough-toothed dolphin Grampus griseus Risso’s dolphin

(‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬

Steno bredanensis EN Rough-toothed dolphin

Tursiops truncatus ACCOBAMS

Rough-toothed dolphin hocico SP Delfín de FR Sténo estrecho Common bottlenose

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: dolphin Annex II CITES: Appendix II

Stenella coeruleoalba Delphinus delphis

Size: Adult: 2.2 – 2.5 m

Sousa plumbea

AR

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

CMS: Appendix IIt

Striped dolphin

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

LC

NE

Global

Med

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬

Short-beaked common

New born: About 1m

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

dolphin

Indian ocean humpback

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

dolphin

Head: Rather peculiar, slender, tapering towards the snout, which is long and narrow. No crease Phocoena phocoena porpoise between the snout and the low harbour melon. Large and prominent eyes. 19-28 conical teeth, corrugated, ‫اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر‬

with vertical grooves, on either side of both jaws.

Mediterranean monk seal

Monachus monachus

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Body: Robust in front of the dorsal fin, morewhale slender posteriorly. Colouration: dark bluish Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback ‫اﻻﺣدب‬

‫اﻟﺣوت‬

grey on top, white/pinkish to greyish at the tip of snout and belly. Large light-coloured patches

Eubalaena glacialis

North Atlantic right whale

Kogia sima

Dwarf Sperm Whale

Mesoplodon densirostris at times almost vertical.

Blainville's beaked whale

on the sides, more numerous in older individuals.

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬

Dorsal fin: Located mid-body with a large base and a pointed tip, with the trailing edge

Balaenoptera Sei whale Pectoral fins:borealis Long and relatively large at the base and pointed at the tips.

‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬

False killer whale

‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill turtle

Trionyx triunguis

African softshell turtle

Pseudorca crasssindens

Tail: Wide with a well-marked median notch.

TURTLES

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

15

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH

MARINE MAMMALS Balaenoptera physalus

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Fin whale © Jessica Sanchez

Balaenoptera

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

Common minke whale

acutorostrata Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

DELPHINIDAE Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬ (‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ (‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ (‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ (‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬

Tursiops truncatus, Common bottlenose dolphin Steno bredanensis Rough-toothed dolphin

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬

Tursiops truncatus EN Common

bottlenose dolphin

Common bottlenose SP Delfin mulár FR Grand dauphin, dauphin souffleur

Stenella coeruleoalba ACCOBAMS SPA/BD PROTOCOL:Striped Annex II dolphin CITES: Appendix II Delphinus delphis

AR

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

dolphin

(‫)اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ ‫واﻷﺑﯾض‬GFCM/36/2012/2 ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق‬ CMS: Appendix II GFCM:

Short-beaked common

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

dolphin

SousaSize: plumbea Male: 2.5 - 3.9 m

Indian2.2-3.2 ocean humpback Female: New born: 1-1.2 m (Black Sea animals‫اﻻﺣدب‬ are smaller) ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ dolphin

‫اﻟﺑﺣر‬ ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر‬ Head: Snout rather short and thick, rounded melon. 18-26 conical teeth, 1-3 cm ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ long on either

Phocoena phocoena

harbour porpoise

Monachus monachus Mediterranean monk seal side of both jaws, often worn down in older individuals.

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whaleand well developed. Its powerful ‫اﻻﺣدب‬ Body: Squat and massive. Anterior portion broad frame ‫اﻟﺣوت‬

distinguishes it from other dolphins the Mediterranean.

Colouration: dark grey back, Eubalaena glacialis NorthinAtlantic right whale ‫اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ at times bluish or brownish grey, with lighter sides, the belly white, light grey or pinkish.

Kogia sima

Dwarf Sperm Whale

Mesoplodon densirostris

Blainville's beaked whale

Balaenoptera borealis Located mid-body.

Sei whale

Pseudorca crasssindens

False killer whale

‫اﻟﺣوت‬

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬

Body size and colouration in bottlenose dolphins vary greatly amongst different populations.

‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

Dorsal fin: Prominent and sickle-shaped, wide at the base, the tip occasionally claw-shaped.

Pectoral fins: Medium-sized, dark and slim, wide at the base, pointed tips.

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

TURTLES

Tail: Concave with a well-marked median notch.

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea in the IUCN Red list.

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill turtle

Trionyx triunguis

African softshell turtle

Blow: Audible in calm conditions.

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

Note: The Black Sea Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus ponticus is listed as Endangered

16

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

LC

VU

Global

Med

MARINE MAMMALS

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH

MARINE MAMMALS Balaenoptera physalus Balaenoptera

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Fin whale

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

Common minke whale © Jessica Sanchez

acutorostrata

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

Steno bredanensis DELPHINIDAE

Rough-toothed dolphin

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ (‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ (‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ (‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬

Common bottlenose (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬ Stenella coeruleoalba, Striped dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

dolphin

Stenella coeruleoalba Striped dolphin dolphin EN Striped SP Delfín listado FR Dauphin bleu Delphinus delphis ACCOBAMS

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Short-beaked common

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: dolphin Annex II CITES: Appendix II

Sousa plumbea

AR

et blanc

CMS: Appendix II

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

LC

VU

Global

Med

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

Indian ocean humpback dolphin

Size: Adult: 1.8-2.6 m

Phocoena phocoena

Monachus monachus

New born: 85-95 cm

harbour porpoise Mediterranean monk seal

‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Head: Long beak clearly separated from melon. 35-50 pairs of sharp and conical teeth in each jaw.

Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬

Body: Slender and spindle shaped.

Complex colouration: the dorsal side is dark grey or black Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ with blue shades, the ventral side and flanks are white. Characteristic: a diagonal, light-coloured

‫ اﻟﻘزم‬stripes ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬ chevron extending from the thoracic field towards the base of the dorsal fin. Four dark start

Kogia sima

Dwarf Sperm Whale

Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville's beaked whale at the eye: two of these, one wide and dark and the other narrower, run in parallel to the flipper; a ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل‬ ‫ﺣوت‬

lighter stripe extends towards the region where it becomes wider; the fourth stops on the Balaenoptera borealis Seigenital whale ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ side just behind the flipper. Several variants of the typical colouration can be observed.

Pseudorca crasssindens

False killer whale

Dorsal fin: High and curved, located mid-body, dark-coloured, as per dorsal surfaces.

‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

TURTLES

Pectoral fins: Short and sickle-shaped, with pointed tips. Darker above than below.

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

Tail: Very concave, with a well-marked median notch.

Chelonia mydas Green turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill turtle

Trionyx triunguis

African softshell turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

17

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH

MARINE MAMMALS

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whale

Balaenoptera

Common minke whale

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

acutorostrata

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale © Jessica Sanchez

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

Steno bredanensis

Rough-toothed dolphin

Tursiops DELPHINIDAE truncatus

Common bottlenose

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ (‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ (‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ (‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

dolphin

Delphinus delphis, Short-beaked common dolphin Striped dolphin (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬

Stenella coeruleoalba

Delphinus Short-beaked ENdelphis

common dolphin

Sousa plumbea ACCOBAMS

Short-beaked oceánico FR SP Delfín común common

Dauphin commun

AR

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

dolphin

Indian Annex ocean SPA/BD PROTOCOL: II humpback CITES: Appendix II

CMS: Appendix II

‫اﻻﺣدب‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

dolphin

Phocoena phocoena

Size: Male: 2.0-2.6 m

harbour porpoise

Female: 2.4 m

‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

New born: 80-90 cm (Black Sea animals are smaller)

Monachus monachus

Mediterranean monk seal

Megaptera novaeangliae

Humpback whale

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬

Head: Beak clearly separated from melon. 45-55 pairs of sharp conical teeth in each jaw.

Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬

Body: Slender and spindle shaped.

Complex colouration: the dorsal side is dark grey or black with Kogia sima Dwarf Sperm Whale ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ blue shades, the ventral side and flanks are white. Characteristic: a diagonal, cream-coloured

‫اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل‬ chevron extending from the thoracic area towards the base of the dorsal fin. Four dark‫ﺣوت‬ stripes start

Mesoplodon densirostris

Blainville's beaked whale

Balaenoptera borealis Sei wide whale at the eye: two of these, one and dark and the other narrower, run in parallel to the flipper; a ‫اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت‬

lighter stripe extends towards genital region where it becomes wider; the fourth stops on the Pseudorca crasssindens False the killer whale ‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬ TURTLES

side just behind the flipper. Several variants of the typical colouration can be observed.

Dorsal fin: High and curved, located mid-body, dark-coloured but the middle part can be pale

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill turtle

Trionyx triunguis

African softshell turtle

as per the figure above.

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

Pectoral fins: Short and sickle-shaped, with pointed tips. Darker above than below.

Tail: Very concave, with a well-marked median notch.

Note: The Black Sea Common Dolphin, Delphinus delphis ponticus is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red list.

18

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

LC

EN

Global

Med

LATIN NAME

ARABIC

ENGLISH

Phocoenidae

MARINE MAMMALS

MARINE MAMMALS

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whale

Balaenoptera

Common minke whale

acutorostrata

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

Steno bredanensis

Rough-toothed dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

Common bottlenose

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ (‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ (‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ (‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

dolphin © Jessica Sanchez (‫اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬

Stenella coeruleoalba

Striped dolphin

Delphinus delphis

Short-beaked common

PHOCOENIDAE Sousa plumbea

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

dolphin

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

Indian ocean humpback

Phocoena phocoena, Harbour porpoise dolphin

Phocoena phocoena porpoise EN Harbour Monachus monachus ACCOBAMS

porpoise FR Marsopa común SP harbour

Marsouin commun

AR

Mediterranean monk seal

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

CITES: Appendix II

Megaptera novaeangliae

Humpback whale

Eubalaena glacialis

North Atlantic right whale

CMS: No listed

‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬

LC

NE

Global

Med

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬

Kogia sima Dwarf WhaleNew born: 50-70 cm (Black Sea Size: 2m, females slightly largerSperm than male are smaller) ‫اﻟﻘزم‬porpoise ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬ Mesoplodon densirostris

Blainville's beaked whale

‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ Head: Small, no beak. Corners of mouth point up towards the eye. 19-28 small spatulate teeth

on either side of jaws.

Pseudorca crasssindens

False killer whale

‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

Body: Robust. Colouration: little contrast; the dorsal side is brownish-black, very dark grey TURTLES or grey and the flanks and belly are light-coloured occasionally with a spotted area in between.

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill turtle

Trionyx triunguis

African softshell turtle

A more or less evident black line extends from the corner of mouth to the insertion of flipper.

Dorsal fin: Triangular, not so high like delphinids, placed at mid-body.

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

Pectoral fins: Small, wide and sickle-shaped, slightly rounded, dark in colour. Occasionally small tubercles on the leading edge.

Tail: Marked median notch.

Blow: Inconspicuous.

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

Note: The Black Sea Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena ssp. relicta, is listed as Endangered (EN) in the IUCN Red list.

19

LATIN NAME

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

SEALS

ARABIC

ENGLISH

MARINE MAMMALS

Phocidae

Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whale

Balaenoptera

Common minke whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

acutorostrata

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

Steno bredanensis

Rough-toothed dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

Common bottlenose

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ (‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ (‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ (‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

dolphin

Stenella coeruleoalba

Delphinus delphis

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬

Striped dolphin

© Jessica Sanchez

Short-beaked common

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

dolphin

Sousa plumbea PHOCIDAE

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

Indian ocean humpback dolphin

Monachusharbour monachus, Mediterranean monk seal porpoise ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Phocoena phocoena

Monachus monachus EN Mediterranean

Mediterranean monk seal moine SP Foca monje FR Phoque

Megaptera novaeangliae

Humpback whale

monk seal

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

CITES: Appendix I

AR

CMS: Appendix I, II

Eubalaena glacialis

North Atlantic right whale

Kogia sima

Dwarf Sperm Whale

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬

GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/5

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬

Balaenoptera borealis

Sei whale

Pseudorca crasssindens

False killer whale

TURTLES

CR

Global

Med

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬

Size: Males are Blainville's slightly largerbeaked than females.

2,90m Mesoplodon densirostris whaleThey can go up to‫اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ but in average for adult males: 251cm and 242cm for females.

EN

New born: 100cm ‫ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل‬ ‫ﺣوت‬

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

Head: The head is rounded with a protruding muzzle.

Body and flippers:Loggerhead The fore and turtle hind-flippers are inserted more laterally than‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة‬ in the eared seals.

Caretta caretta ‫ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬ Their fore flipper is short and haired, with a small claw on each of five digits. Nails are present

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

on both flippers and are reduced compared with other seals. Claws and hair with thin webbing

Dermochelys connect coriacea the digits. Leatherback The tail is shortturtle and wide.

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Olive ridley turtle ‫اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ردﻟﻲ‬Adults ‫ ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة‬exhibit They have four nipples, in contrast with most pinnipeds which have only two.

Lepidochelys olivacea

pelage colour.

Lepidochelys marked kempii sexual dimorphism Kemp’s in ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬

Eretmochelys Other: imbricata Hawksbill turtle Only seal occurring in the region. However, in the Black Sea,‫ﺧراﺷف‬ there have been reports ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات‬

of some pinnipeds,African such as California sea lion Zalophus californianus, which escaped from the softshell turtle

Trionyx triunguis

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

captivity. Even if in very rare occasions, some individuals of harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) and hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) were reported in some areas of the Mediterranean sea.

20

RARE/VAGRANT SPECIES These species have been reported from the Mediterranean Sea but are considered rare or vagrant:

ARABIC

ENGLISH

MARINE MAMMALS

LATIN NAME

MARINE MAMMALS

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Balaenoptera physalus

Fin whale

Balaenoptera

Common minke whale

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

acutorostrata Physeter macrocephalus Ziphius cavirostris

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Sperm whale Cuvier’s © Jessica Sanchez

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

beaked whale

(‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

(‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬

Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Common minke whale Risso’s dolphin (‫)ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ ‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو‬ Page

Grampus griseus

Steno bredanensis

EN Common minke whale Tursiops truncatus

21 Common minke Rough-toothed dolphin (‫)ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ‬

Rorcual aliblanco, FR Baleine de Minke AR (‫الحوت القزم )حوت ﻣﻧﻛﻲ‬ whale ballena debottlenose minke Common 27 Scopoli’s (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬ común

SP

‫جلم ﻣاء سﻛوبولﻲ‬ dolphin shearwater LATIN NAME ENGLISH ARABIC ACCOBAMS SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix I CMS: No listed GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2 Stenella coeruleoalba Striped dolphin (‫واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق‬ 30 European No arabic name MARINE MAMMALS storm petrel indicated to correct Delphinus delphis Short-beaked common ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬name ‫اﻟﺣوت‬ 34 Great skua No arabic dolphin Balaenoptera Sousa plumbea acutorostrata

indicated to correct

Olive ridley turtle

dolphin

Global

‫حوت( القزم الحوت‬ ‫)منكي‬ ‫اﻻﺣدب‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬

Common minke humpback whale Indian ocean

58

LC

‫سلحﻔاة ريدلﻲ الزيتوﻧية‬

Physeter macrocephalus Phocoena phocoena Ziphius cavirostris Monachus monachus Orcinus orca Megaptera novaeangliae Globicephala melas Eubalaena glacialis Grampus griseus Kogia sima Steno bredanensis Mesoplodon densirostris Tursiops truncatus Balaenoptera whale EN Seiborealis

Sperm whale ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬ harbour ‫اﻟﺑﺣر‬ ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر‬ 58 porpoise Kemp’s ridley turtle No‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ arabic name Cuvier’s beaked whale (‫ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫)ﺣوت‬to‫زﯾﻔﯾوس‬ indicated correct Mediterranean monk seal ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬ 59 Green turtle © Jessica Sanchez Killer whale (‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫الخضراء‬ ‫اﻟﺣوتالسلحﻔاة‬ Humpback whale ‫اﻻﺣدب‬ Long-finned pilot whale (‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ North Atlantic right whale ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ Risso’s dolphin (‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ Dwarf Sperm Whale ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ Rough-toothed dolphin (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ Blainville's beaked whale ‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ Common bottlenose (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬ Sei Rorcual norteño SP whale FR Baleinoptère AR ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ dolphin

Pseudorca crasssindens Stenella coeruleoalba

False dolphin killer whale Striped

Balaenoptera borealis, Sei whale

ACCOBAMS Delphinus TURTLES delphis

de Rudolphi, Rorqual boréal (‫)اﻟﻣﺧطط‬

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex common II CITES: Appendix I Short-beaked

‫أرﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣزﯾﻔﺔاﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬

CMS: Appendix I

dolphin Loggerhead turtle Indian ocean humpback Green turtle dolphin

Caretta caretta Sousa plumbea Chelonia mydas Dermochelys coriacea Phocoena phocoena Lepidochelys olivacea Monachus monachus

Leatherback turtle harbour porpoise

Lepidochelys kempii Megaptera novaeangliae

Kemp’s ridley turtle Humpback whale

Eretmochelys imbricata Eubalaena glacialis

Hawksbill turtle North Atlantic right whale

Trionyx triunguis Kogia sima

African softshell turtle Dwarf Sperm Whale

Mesoplodon densirostris

Blainville's beaked whale

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

EN Global

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬

Olive ridley turtle Mediterranean monk seal © Jessica Sanchez

‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

Pseudorca Sei crassindens, False killer whale Balaenoptera borealis whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬

EN False killer whale Pseudorca crasssindens

TURTLES ACCOBAMS

Caretta caretta

Falsa orca u SP killer False whale orca negra

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

FR

Fausse orque, faux épaulard

CITES: Appendix II

Loggerhead turtle

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

AR

CMS: Not listed

‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬ GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

NT Global

21

‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

Physeter macrocephalus

Sperm whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Cuvier’s beaked whale

(‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

(‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

Steno bredanensis

Rough-toothed dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

Common bottlenose

(‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ (‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

dolphin

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬

Stenella coeruleoalba

Striped dolphin

Delphinus delphis

Short-beaked common © Jessica Sanchez

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

dolphin

Sousa plumbea

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

Indian ocean humpback dolphin

LATIN NAME Phocoena phocoena

ARABIC

ENGLISH harbour porpoise

‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Megaptera novaeangliae, Humpback whale MARINE MAMMALS Monachus monachus

Mediterranean monk seal

Balaenoptera physalus Humpback whale Megaptera EN novaeangliae Balaenoptera Eubalaena glacialis

Fin whale Ballena jorobada Humpback whale SP

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Baleine à bosse, jubarte ou rorqual Common minke right whale ‫الحوت‬ North Atlantic whale à bosse FR

AR

‫ﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻻﺣدب‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت‬

‫حوت( القزم‬ ‫)منكياﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت‬

acutorostrata ACCOBAMS SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix I CMS: Appendix I GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2 Kogia sima Dwarf Sperm Whale ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬ Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville's beaked whale ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل‬ ‫ﺣوت‬ Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier’s beaked whale (‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ Orcinus orca Killer whale (‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ Pseudorca crasssindens False killer whale ‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬ Globicephala Long-finned pilot whale LATIN NAME melas ENGLISH (‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ ARABIC TURTLES Grampus griseus Risso’s dolphin MARINE MAMMALS (‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ Caretta caretta Loggerhead turtle ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬ Steno bredanensis Rough-toothed dolphin Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale (‫اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت‬ Chelonia mydas Green turtle ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬ Tursiops truncatus Common Balaenoptera Common bottlenose minke whale (‫اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧف‬ ‫حوت()ذو‬ ‫)منكي اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ ‫الحوت‬ ‫القزم‬ Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback turtle ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬ © Artescienza-M.Würtz, Massimo Demma dolphin acutorostrata Stenella coeruleoalba Physeter macrocephalus Lepidochelys olivacea

Striped dolphin Sperm whale Olive ridley turtle

LC Global

(‫واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ ‫اﻷزرق‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾناﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬ ‫ﺣوت‬ ‫اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ردﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة‬

Short-beaked common Cuvier’s beaked whale ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ Kemp’sIndian ridley turtle Sousa plumbea, Ocean humpback dolphin (‫)ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫زﯾﻔﯾوس‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة‬

Delphinus delphis Ziphius cavirostris Lepidochelys kempii

Orcinus orca imbricata Eretmochelys EN Indian Ocean Sousa plumbea humpback Globicephala melas dolphin Trionyx triunguis

dolphin Killer whale Hawksbill turtle (‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫أرﻛﺔ‬ ‫)اﻟﺣوتﺧراﺷف‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات‬ giboso humpback índico SP Delfín FR Dauphin à bosse AR ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬ Indian ocean Indien Long-finned pilot turtle whale de l’océan African softshell (‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ ‫اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ)اﻟﺣوت‬ ‫رﺧوة اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎةاﻟرأس‬ ‫ﻛروي‬ dolphin

Grampus griseus Risso’s dolphin Not listed CITES: Appendix I PhocoenaACCOBAMS phocoena SPA/BD PROTOCOL: harbour porpoise Steno bredanensis Monachus monachus

Rough-toothed dolphin Mediterranean monk seal

Tursiops truncatus Megaptera novaeangliae Eubalaena glacialis Stenella coeruleoalba

Common bottlenose Humpback whale dolphin North Atlantic right whale Striped dolphin

Kogia simadelphis Delphinus

Dwarf Sperm Whale Short-beaked common

Mesoplodon densirostris

dolphin Blainville's beaked whale

Sousa plumbea Balaenoptera borealis

Indian ocean humpback whale © JessicaSei Sanchez dolphin False killer whale harbour porpoise

(‫)ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ ‫رﯾﺳو‬ ‫دﻟﻔﯾن‬ CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2 ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬

EN Global

(‫اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲواﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ ‫اﻟﺣوتاﻷزرق‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﻘزم‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬ ‫ﺣوت‬ ‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬

Pseudorca crasssindens ‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬ Phocoena phocoena ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ TURTLES Monachus monachus Mediterranean monk seal ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬ Caretta caretta Loggerhead turtle ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬ Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬ Chelonia mydas Green turtle ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬ Eubalaena North Atlantic North Atlantic Ballena franca right whale EN glacialis SP FR baleine franche de AR ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ Dermochelysright coriacea Leatherback turtle whale glacial o ballena l’Atlantique nord ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬ Kogia sima Dwarf de losSperm vascos Whale ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ Lepidochelys olivacea Olive ridley turtle ‫اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ‬ ACCOBAMS SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix I GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2 Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville's beaked whale I CMS: Appendix‫اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل‬ Lepidochelys kempii Kemp’s ridley turtle ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill turtle ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ Pseudorca crasssindens False killer whale ‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬ Trionyx triunguis African softshell turtle ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬ TURTLES

Eubalaena glacialis, North Atlantic right whale

22

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

EN Global

(‫أرﻛﺔ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬

Orcinus orca

Killer whale

Globicephala melas

Long-finned pilot whale

Grampus griseus

Risso’s dolphin

Steno bredanensis

Rough-toothed dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

Common bottlenose

(‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ )اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ (‫دﻟﻔﯾن رﯾﺳو )ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو اﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

dolphin Striped dolphin

Delphinus delphis

Short-beaked common

LATIN NAME

dolphin ENGLISH

Sousa plumbea MARINE MAMMALS

Indian ocean humpback

Balaenoptera physalus

MARINE MAMMALS

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬

Stenella coeruleoalba

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

ARABIC

‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻻﺣدب‬

dolphin © Jessica Sanchez

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬

Fin whale

Phocoena phocoena Balaenoptera

harbour porpoise Common minke whale

Monachus monachus acutorostrata

Mediterranean monk seal

Physeter macrocephalus Megaptera novaeangliae

Sperm whale Humpback whale

‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣوتاﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬ ‫ﺣوت‬ ‫اﻻﺣدب‬

Killer whale Cachalote enano Whale Sperm SP Dwarf FR

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬ ‫أرﻛﺔ‬ AR (‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗل‬ ‫)اﻟﺣوتاﻟﻘزم‬ ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر‬

‫)منكي حوت( القزم الحوت‬

Kogia sima, Dwarf Sperm Whale (‫زﯾﻔﯾوس )ﺣوت ﻛوﻓﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ Cuvier’s beaked whale North Atlantic right whale

Ziphius cavirostris Eubalaena glacialis

Orcinus orca Dwarf Sperm Whale Kogia sima EN Globicephaladensirostris melas Mesoplodon ACCOBAMS

Cachalot nain

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

CITES: Appendix II

Grampus griseus Balaenoptera borealis

Risso’s dolphin Sei whale

Steno bredanensis Pseudorca crasssindens

Rough-toothed dolphin False killer whale

Tursiops truncatus TURTLES

Common bottlenose

Caretta caretta Stenella coeruleoalba

dolphin Loggerhead turtle Striped dolphin

Chelonia mydas Delphinus delphis

Green turtle Short-beaked common

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle dolphin

Sousa plumbea Lepidochelys olivacea

Indianridley oceanturtle humpback Olive dolphin Kemp’s ridley turtle

Lepidochelys kempii

(‫)اﻟﺣوت اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻛروي اﻟرأس‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫ﺣوت‬

Long-finnedbeaked pilot whale Blainville's whale

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

(‫)ﻏراﻣﺑوس‬ ‫اﻟﺣوترﯾﺳو‬ ‫دﻟﻔﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ (‫ﻣزﯾﻔﺔاﻷﺳﻧﺎن اﻟﺧﺷﻧﺔ )ﺳﺗﯾﻧو‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن ذو‬ ‫أرﻛﺔ‬

DD Global

(‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﻛﺑﯾر )ذو اﻻﻧف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬ (‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻷزرق واﻷﺑﯾض )اﻟﻣﺧطط‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدﻟﻔﯾن‬ ‫اﻻﺣدباﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺧﻧزﯾر اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻣﺔ اﻟراھب اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻻﺣدب‬

© Jessica Sanchez

Phocoena phocoena Eretmochelys imbricata

harbour porpoise Hawksbill turtle

Monachus monachus Trionyx triunguis

Mediterranean monk seal African softshell turtle

Megaptera novaeangliae

Humpback whale

Eubalaena glacialis

North Atlantic right whale

‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬

Mesoplodon densirostris, Blainville’s beaked whale Kogia sima Dwarf Sperm Whale ‫ﺣوت اﻟﻌﻧﺑر اﻟﻘزم‬ Mesoplodon densirostris SP Zifio Blainville's de Blainvillebeaked Baleine à bec EN Blainville’s FR whale beaked whale

Balaenoptera borealis ACCOBAMS

Sei whale

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

Pseudorca crasssindens

AR

de Blainville CITES: Appendix II

False killer whale

CMS: Not listed

‫ﺣوت ﺑﻼﻧﯾﻔﯾل اﻟﻣﻧﻘﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺣوت اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬

GFCM: GFCM/36/2012/2

‫أرﻛﺔ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬

DD Global

TURTLES

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﺿﺧﻣﺔ اﻟرأس‬

Caretta caretta

Loggerhead turtle

Chelonia mydas

Green turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺟﻠدﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive ridley turtle

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ردﻟﻲ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﯾﺔ‬

Lepidochelys kempii

Kemp’s ridley turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill turtle

Trionyx triunguis

African softshell turtle

‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة اﻟﺧﺿراء‬

‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ﻛﺎﻣب‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة ذات ﺧراﺷف‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة رﺧوة اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

23

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Seabirds SEABIRDS

Twenty-seven species of seven families are listed here as seabird taxa typical of the Mediterranean sea, which may either be encountered as bycatch in Mediterranean fisheries or could follow fishing vessels (at different ranges).

Source materials and references Text and artwork modified from: Lars Svensson (Author), Killian Mullarney (Illustrator), Dan Zetterström (Illustrator), Peter J.Grant (Contributor), David A Christie. 2011. Field Guide to Birds of Britain and Europe.

PublisherHarperCollins, 448 pages.

Bergier, P. ; Thévenot, M. ; Rihane, A. ; El Agbani, M.A. & Qninba, A. 2017. Liste des oiseaux du Maroc.

Mise à jour mai 2017 (rév. 4.0). Go-South Bulletin 14 : 43-68. del Hoyo, J.and Collar, N. J. (2014). HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds ofthe World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK. Topography pictures by José Manuel Arcos.

SEABIRD CHECKLIST (By Family) PROCELLARIIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

Calonectris diomedea, Scopoli’s shearwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Puffinus yelkouan, Yelkouan shearwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Puffinus mauretanicus, Balearic shearwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 HYDROBATIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

Hydrobates pelagicus, European storm petrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 SULIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

Morus bassanus, Northern gannet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 PHALACROCORACIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32

Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii, European shag (Mediterranean sub-species) . . . . . . . . 32 Phalacrocorax carbo, Great Cormorant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 STERCORARIIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

Catharacta skua, Great skua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Stercorarius pomarinus, Pomarine jaeger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Stercorarius parasiticus, Arctic jaeger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

25

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

LARIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37

Larus michahellis, Yellow-legged gull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Larus audouinii, Audouin’s gull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Larus armenicus, Armenian gull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Larus ridibundus, Black-headed gull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Larus genei, Slender-billed gull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Larus melanocephalus, Mediterranean gull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Larus fuscus, Lesser black-backed gull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Rissa tridactyla, Black-legged kittiwake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Sternula albifrons, Little tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Hydroprogne caspia, Caspian tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Thalasseus sandvicensis, Sandwich tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Gelochelidon nilotica, Common Gull-billed tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Sterna hirundo, Common tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Thalasseus bengalensis, Lesser crested tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Chlidonias niger, Black tern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ALCIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

52

Fratercula arctica, Atlantic puffin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Alca torda, Razorbill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Seabirds ‘topography’ Wing coverts Primaries (outer wing feathers/flight feathers) Crown (nape)

Carpal bar (shoulder bar)

Secondaries (inner wing feathers)

Forehead

Rump (lower back)

Primary tips

Collar Scapulars

Ear spot

Nostrils Tail (rectrices) Bill Tail band Chin Throat Neck

Breast

Vent

Arm (inner wing) Under and upper tail coverts

Back

Armpit/axillaries Flank Hand (outer wing)

26

SEABIRDS

Procellariidae

PROCELLARIIDAE

Page

Common minke Calonectris21diomedea, Scopoli’s(‫ﻣﻧﻛﻲ‬ shearwater ‫الحوت القزم )حوت‬ whale EN Scopoli’s shearwater

27

Scopoli’s

Puffin de Scopoli FR shearwater

SP Pardela cenicienta mediterránea

30

34

European CMS: Not listed storm petrel Great skua

58

Olive ridley turtle

58

Kemp’s ridley turtle

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

Wingspan: 112 – 122 cm

CITES: NA

AR

‫جلم ﻣاء سﻛوبولﻲ‬

No arabic name GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3 indicated to correct No arabic name indicated to correct

LC Global

‫سلحﻔاة ريدلﻲ الزيتوﻧية‬

No arabic name indicated to correct Description: Roughly the size of a Lesser Black-backed Gull, characterised by long, flexible wings 59 Green turtle which at all times are held slightly or distinctly bowed. Brownish-grey above ‘hand’ (outer wing) ‫السلحﻔاة الخضراء‬ somewhat darker, with diffusely paler upper tail-coverts (normally seen only at close range).

White below, except tail; pale yellow bill with dark near tip; in good light, pale bill can be seen at long range. Tube-shaped nostrils accompanied by large external growths at the start of the bill.

Flight: Flies with long glides close to the water surface, relieved by 3-4 (rarely up to 6-7) relaxed, flexible beats of the bowed wings. May ascend several meters above sea level with strong winds.

27

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers:

Scientific name

Spanish nam e

French nam e

Arabic nam e

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

Pardela cenicienta Pufin de ‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬ mediterráne Scopoli PROCELLARIIDAE a Pardela Puffin des Puffinus puffinus ‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬ pichoneta Anglais Pardela Annex II Yelkouan yelkouan Puffin yelkouan ENPuffinus SP Pardela mediterráne FRPuffin yelkouan AR ‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ VU shearwater mediterránea a Annex II Puffinus Pardela Puffin des ‫ ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬Global SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: NA CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3 mauretanicus balear Baléares Alcatraz Morus bassanus Fou de Bassan ‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ atlántico Cormoran Annex II Wingspan: 70 - 84 cm Cormorán Gulosus aristotelis huppé (de ‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ desmarestii moñudo Méditerranée) Annex II Microcarbo Cormorán Cormoran ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬ pygmaeus Contrastinglypigmeo pygmé Description: dark upper-parts and white under-parts. Bill relatively thin, usually Catharacta skua Págalo showing a pronounced angle with steep forehead.

Grand Labbe ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ grande Upper-parts brown-grey (though may look blackish in overcast weather); feet protrude beyond Stercorarius Págalo pomarinus Labbedark Pomarin ‫ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ‬a hint of a paler tail; straight division on head and neck between and pale.(‫)ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ Sometimes with pomarino eye-ring. Flanks (sides) white, or with a thin dark line at most; underwing white, with dark trailing Stercorarius Págalo ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ edge (rear edge), and a diagonal, neat darkLabbe bar onparasite the armpits (axillaries), sometimes missing. parasiticus parásito Tube-shaped nostrils accompanied by large external growths at the start of the bill, though Annex IInot Gaviota de Goéland particularly obvious.

Larus audouinii ‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬ Audouin d'Audouin Flight: Alternates fast wingbeats with glides, close to the water surface. May ascend several Gaviota meters sea level with strong winds.Goéland Often gathers in large ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ flocks.‫ﻧﻮرس‬ Larusabove michahellis patiamarilla Leucophée Annex II Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora 28 Annex II Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬

Calonectris diomedea

CM S

Puffinus yelkouan, Yelkouan shearwater

Appendix I

Appendix II

Appendix I and Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

SEABIRDS

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers:

Scientific name

Spanish nam e

French nam e

Arabic nam e

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

Pardela cenicienta Pufin de ‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬ mediterráne Scopoli a Pardela Puffin des Puffinus puffinus ‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬ pichoneta Anglais PROCELLARIIDAE Pardela Annex II mediterráne Puffin yelkouan Puffinus yelkouan ‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ a Annex II Puffinus Pardela Puffin des EN Balearic SP Pardela balear FR Puffin des AR ‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬ mauretanicus balear Baléares CR shearwater Baléares Alcatraz Morus bassanus Fou de Bassan ‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II atlántico CITES: NA CMS: Appendix I GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3 Global Cormoran Annex II Gulosus aristotelis Cormorán huppé (de ‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ desmarestii moñudo Méditerranée) Wingspan: 78 – 90 cm Cormorán Annex II Microcarbo Cormoran ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬ pygmaeus pigmeo pygmé Catharacta skua Págalo Grand Labbe ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ grande Description: Slightly larger than Yelkouan shearwater, and often appearing pot-bellied and heavy.

Stercorarius Págalo Short tail makes feet protrude beyond tail.Labbe Greyish-brown and variably dirty brownishpomarinus Pomarin above (‫)ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ‬ pomarino white below, lacking sharp contrast between upper and underparts. Underwing lacks contrasts, Stercorarius Págalo always with dark, dirty armpits (axillaries).Labbe Bill stronger than in Yelkouan shearwater, showing parasite ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ parasiticus parásito little angle with sloping forehead. Undertail-coverts, sides of lower back and side flanks invariably Annex II dusky. Darkest birds inviteGaviota confusion Sooty Shearwater Ardenna grisea, which can occur de withGoéland Larus audouinii ‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬ as a vagrant in the Mediterranean, latter is slender and slightly larger, with longer and Audouin but thed'Audouin

Calonectris diomedea

CM S

Puffinus mauretanicus, Balearic shearwater

narrower wings. Tube-shaped nostrils accompanied by external growths at the start of the bill, Gaviota Goéland though particularly obvious.

Larusnot michahellis ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ patiamarilla Leucophée Annex II Gaviota Flight: Alternates fast wingbeats (not as fastGoéland as the Yelkouan shearwater) Larus armenicus ‫أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬with ‫ﻧﻮرس‬glides, close to the water Armenia d'Arménie surface. May ascend several meters above sea level with strong winds. Often gathers in large flocks.

Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Annex II Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ picofina Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale

Appendix I

Appendix II

Appendix I and Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

29

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Hydrobatidae

HYDROBATIDAE

Hydrobates pelagicus, European storm petrel EN European storm petrel

SP Paíño europeo

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

CITES: NA

FR Océanite tempête AR NA

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3

LC Global

Wingspan: 37 – 41 cm

Description: The smallest storm petrel in European waters, and with more fluttering and ‘busier’ flight than its relatives (which only occur as vagrants in the Mediterranean).

Overall dark, with white rump (lower back) and underwing bar. Nostrils accompanied by large external growths at the start of the bill.

Flight: Erratic, fluttering, and always close to the water surface.

30

SEABIRDS

Sulidae

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers:

Scientific name

Spanish nam e

Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela Puffinus puffinus pichoneta Pardela mediterráne Puffinus yelkouan SULIDAE a Puffinus Pardela mauretanicus balear Alcatraz Northern gannet SP Alcatraz atlántico EN Morus bassanus atlántico

Calonectris diomedea

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des gannet Morus bassanus, Northern ‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬ Baléares

Bassan FR FouFou dedeBassan

AR

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

CM S

Annex II Annex II

Appendix I

LC

Cormoran Annex II Gulosus aristotelis Cormorán SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: NA huppé CMS: Not Not listed Global (de listed GFCM:‫أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق‬ desmarestii moñudo Méditerranée) Annex II Microcarbo Cormorán Cormoran ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬ pygmaeus pigmeo pygmé Wingspan: 170 – 192Págalo cm Catharacta skua Grand Labbe ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ grande Stercorarius Págalo pomarinus Considerably large (almostLabbe Pomarin with (‫)ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ Description: 2 m wingspan) long, ‫ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ‬ narrow ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ‬ wings and characteristic pomarino flight. Compared to shearwaters, the Northern gannet is much bigger and has a more projecting, Stercorarius Págalo Labbe parasite ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ‬flight, gives the impression wedge-shaped head/neck. Wings held straight in ‫ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ gliding parasiticus tail and longer parásito Annex II of a “cross” at distance.

Gaviota de Goéland Larus audouinii ‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬ Adult: White, with head Audouin tinged yellow and black wing-tips. d'Audouin Juvenile: Plumage wholly grey-brown except for whitish upper tail feathers. At close range, entire Gaviota Goéland Larus michahellis ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ plumage appears finely spotted white. Acquires progressive white with age, starting on head, patiamarilla Leucophée Annex II Gaviota Goéland wing coverts and underparts.

Adult plumage is reached on 5th year.

Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Flight: Quite fast, shallowGaviota and uniform wingbeats alternated with short glides. In very windy Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora conditions inclined to shear like a shearwater and, especially in the case of immatures, may be Annex II Gaviota mistaken for one of the large shearwaterGoéland species, such as Scopoli’s Larus genei railleur ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬shearwater. ‫ ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ‬Makes stunning picofina steep, diagonal dives for fish from height of 10-40 m, wings thrown back just prior to striking surface.

Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale Gaviota Larus fuscus Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ sombría Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Charrancito Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬

Appendix II

Appendix I and Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Appendix

31

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Phalacrocoracidae

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers:

Scientific name

Spanish nam e

Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela Puffinus puffinus pichoneta Pardela mediterráne Puffinus yelkouan PHALACROCORACIDAE a Puffinus Pardela mauretanicus balear Alcatraz Morus bassanus atlántico

Calonectris diomedea

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

Annex II Annex II

Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii, Fou de Bassan ‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ European shag (Mediterranean sub-species) Gulosus aristotelis Cormorán SP Cormorán desmarestii moñudo moñudo

EN European shag

Microcarbo Cormorán SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: NA pygmaeus pigmeo Catharacta skua Págalo grande Stercorarius Wingspan: 95 – 110 cm Págalo pomarinus pomarino

Cormoran

Cormoran FR huppé (de huppé AR (de Méditerranée) Méditerranée)

Cormoran CMS: Not listed pygmé

Grand Labbe Labbe Pomarin

‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬

‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬ GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3

CM S

Appendix I

Annex II

LC

Annex II

Global

Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ (‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Stercorarius Págalo Labbe parasite ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ Description: slimmer than the Great cormorant, with thinner neck, smaller, more parasiticus Smaller and parásito Annex II rounded head and thinner bill.

Gaviota de Goéland Larus audouinii ‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬ Audouinwith green d'Audouin Adult breeding: Black plumage gloss, with wings tinged purplish, scaled black. Gape

prominently yellow, contrasting with dark surround; otherwise bill darkish. During early breeding Gaviota Goéland Larus michahellis ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ has upcurved, black crest of forecrown, less marked than on Atlantic subspecies. patiamarilla Leucophée Annex Gaviota Goéland Adult Slightly duller, less glossy. Chin pale. Yellowish bill, particularly onIIlower Larus non-breeding: armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie mandible (bottom part of the bill).

Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Juvenile: Pale (sandy) brown above and almost white below, with extensive pale upper wing Annex II Gaviota coverts.

The Mediterranean subspeciesGoéland is much paler and whiter Larus genei railleur ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬compared ‫ ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ‬to the Atlantic one picofina (main difference). Immature: Gradually darker and glossier until adult plumage is reached.

Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale Flight: Differs from Great Cormorant in flight with neck being straighter, outer wing slightly Gaviota Larus fuscus Goéland Brun blunter, slender silhouette with potbelly, flight path lower (usually ‫أﺳﻤﺮ‬close ‫ﻧﻮرس‬to water), wingbeats sombría somewhat more elastic and fast without alternated brief glides.

Dives with a pronounced leap.

Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Note: G. a. desmarestii is the Mediterranean subspecies of G. aristotelis. IUCN Red list status refers Charrancito Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ to the species G. aristotelis. común Annex II Pagaza Sterne Hydroprogne caspia ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ piquirroja Caspienne 32 Annex II Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugek ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ sandvicensis patinegro

Appendix I and Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

SEABIRDS

PHALACROCORACIDAE

Phalacrocorax carbo, Great cormorant EN Great cormorant

SP Cormorán grande FR Grand Cormoran

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

CITES: NA

CMS: Not listed

AR ‫ﻏﺎق ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ AR

GFCM: Not listed

LC Global

Wingspan: 77- 94 cm

Description: Large with long, thick neck. Light-greyish strong bill, with white patch around the base. Dark legs. Long tail.

Adult: Black with bluish and some green gloss, wings tinged bronze and scaled black. Bare skin at base of lower mandible (bottom part of the bill) yellow, surrounded by white area. White femoral patch (hip patch) in early breeding season only. Crown and back part of the neck with some white feathers, usually lost in summer. In winter less glossy. In winter less glossy, and white on cheeks and throat becomes duller.

Juvenile: Dark brown above, underparts with varying amount of white. Immature: Gradually darker and glossier over two years until adult plumage is reached.

Flight: Alternates brief glides breaking-active flight with slightly shallower wingbeats. Neck outstretched, often flying at some height, generally in formation when in flock. Single birds often fly low over the water. Dives with half-leap, with head submerged in water.

33

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Stercorariidae

STERCORARIIDAE

Stercorarius skua, Great skua EN Great skua

SP Págalo grande o skúa

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

CITES: NA

FR Grand Labbe

AR NA

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

LC Global

Wingspan: 125 -140 cm

Description: Large and heavy, roughly the size of a Yellow-legged gull, but bulkier, with broader wings and a shorter tail. In flight, all dark with large white patches on the base of the outer wing feathers, under and upper wings. Bill heavy (thick). Head and neck powerful. Central tail feathers broad, with rounded tips, not or only slightly projecting.

Adult summer: Streaked yellow-brown on the neck and upperparts.

Juvenile: More uniformly brown than the adult and tinted reddish-brown, especially below, and often less extensive white wing patches. Main risk of confusion is with young large gulls.

Flight: Glides high above the sea. Flight is steadier than young gulls. Wings beat more flexibly, with powerful beats. Often seen chasing gulls and other seabirds.

34

Scientific name

Calonectris diomedea Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo

pygmaeus STERCORARIIDAE

Catharacta skua

Spanish nam e Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

SEABIRDS

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers: CM S

Annex II Annex II

Appendix I

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Grand Labbe ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ Stercorarius pomarinus, Pomarine Jaeger

Stercorarius

jaeger EN Pomarine pomarinus

Págalo Pomarin FR Labbe Labbe PomarinAR (‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ pomarino

SP Págalo pomarino

Stercorarius Págalo SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: NA parasiticus parásito Larus audouinii Wingspan: 115—125 cm

Gaviota de Audouin

Labbe parasite ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Goéland d'Audouin

LC Global

Annex II

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

Gaviota Goéland ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ patiamarilla Leucophée Annex II the Gaviota Goéland Description: Long-winged; ‘arm’ (inner wing) rather broad, wingtips pointed. In all plumages Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ d'Arménie light patches on the base of Armenia the primaries (outer wing feathers) on the under and upper wings are Gaviota Larus ridibundus considerably less conspicuous than on GreatMouette skua. rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Annex II Gaviota Adult summer: feathers,railleur shaped like‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ a spoon, Larus geneiLong and broad central tail Goéland ‫ دﻗﯿﻖ‬that ‫ﻧﻮرس‬project well picofina beyond the rest of the tail. Has two morphs: dark (bird is all-dark except for wing patches) and Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ light melanocephalus (more common – white cabecinegra underparts with dark breast-band and flanks‫ﻧﻮرس‬ (sides); dark cap). mélanocéphale Gaviota Adult winter: Variable, similar to adult summer but less Larus fuscus Goéland Brunneat plumage, ‫ أﺳﻤﺮ‬and ‫ﻧﻮرس‬with shorter (or sombría lacking) central primary projection.

Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Juvenile: Varying from mid brown with brownish-yellowish bars, to uniform dark blackish-brown.

Charrancito Immatures show barred underwings, whichSterne becomenaine darker as the bird Sternula albifrons ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬matures. ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬ común Annex II Pagaza Flight: Flight steady, with regular wingbeats.Sterne Hydroprogne caspia ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ piquirroja Caspienne Annex II Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugek ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ sandvicensis patinegro

Larus michahellis

Appendix I and Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

35

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers:

Scientific name

Calonectris diomedea Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua

STERCORARIIDAE

Stercorarius

Spanish nam e Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

CM S

Annex II Annex II

Appendix I

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé

‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Grand Labbe

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬

Págalo

pomarinus Labbe Pomarin ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ‬ Stercorarius parasiticus, Arctic (‫)ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ jaeger pomarino Stercorarius parasiticus

EN Arctic jaeger

Págalo parásito

SP Págalo parásito

Gaviota de NA SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES:

Larus audouinii

Audouin

parasite FR Labbe Labbe parasite

Goéland CMS: Not listed d'Audouin

AR

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

GFCM: Not listed

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

LC

Annex II Global

Gaviota Goéland Larus michahellis ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ Leucophée Wingspan: 108 - 118patiamarilla cm Annex II Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Gaviota Description: Like a dark mid-sized gull Mouette with pointed wings, somewhat falcon-like. At closer range, Larus ridibundus rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora light patches on base ofGaviota primaries (outer wing feathers). Bill a little finer than onAnnex the Pomarine II Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ jaeger. Plumages similarpicofina to the Pomarine jaeger.

Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬jaeger, ‫ ﻧﻮرس‬and bill surround Adult: Pale morph shows dark cap lessmélanocéphale black than on the Pomarine melanocephalus cabecinegra is pale; if breast-band isGaviota present it is usually a dark ill-defined shade. Central tail feathers are Larus fuscus Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ pointed and extend wellsombría beyond the rest of the tail.

Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬at‫ﻧﻮرس‬ Juvenile: Has contrastingtridáctila light head, andtridactyle neck (finely striped discernible close range) and often belly.

Charrancito Flight: Fast, flexible flight, falcon-like. Different from Pomarine‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ jaeger, which is heavier and more Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬ común steady, like a large gull. Pagaza Annex II Sterne Hydroprogne caspia ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ piquirroja Caspienne Annex II Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugek ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ sandvicensis patinegro

36

Appendix I and Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers:

Scientific name

Calonectris diomedea Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus LARIDAE

Spanish nam e Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé

‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Grand Labbe

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

Larus audouinii ‫ﻧﻮرس‬ Larus michahellis, Yellow-legged ‫أودوﯾﻦ‬ gull Goéland

FR Goéland Leucophée Leucophée

CM S

Annex II Annex II

Appendix I

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ (‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Gaviota

CITE S

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Labbe Pomarin

Yellow-legged gull SP Gaviota EN Larus michahellis patiamarilla patiamarilla

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

SEABIRDS

Laridae

AR

‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬

LC

Annex Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: NA d'Arménie CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Armenia Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Annex Gaviota Larus genei 120 – 140 cm Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ Wingspan: picofina Annex Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale Gaviota Description: gull in the region, it ‫أﺳﻤﺮ‬ should be the Larus fuscusThe largest and most common Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس‬ sombría reference against which to compare other large gulls.

Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Adult: Overall white with steel-grey mantle and upperwings. Primaries (outer wing Charrancito feathers) black, with smaller white spots naine towards the wing tip;‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬ yellow bill with Sternulalargely albifrons Sterne ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ común red spot in gonys. Pale iris, reddish to orange eye-ring; bright yellow legs.

Annex Pagaza Sterne Hydroprogne caspia ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ piquirroja over Caspienne Juvenile: Overall brown appearance a whitish background. Pale head with Annex Thalasseus Charrán suggestion of a dark ‘mask’, all-black heavy bill, pale rump (lower back)‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬ and neat black Sterne Caugek ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ sandvicensis patinegro tail-band, pale underparts, rather dark underwing feathers.

II

Appendix II

II

Appendix II Appendix II

II

II II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

37

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers:

Scientific name

Calonectris diomedea Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus LARIDAE

Spanish nam e Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

Stercorarius

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan

‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Grand Labbe

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

Goéland CITES: Gaviota NA CMS: Appendix I and Appendix II

Annex II Annex II

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ AR

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3

‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬

LC Global

patiamarilla Leucophée Annex II Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Wingspan: 117 – 128 cm Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Annex II Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ picofina Description: Slightly smaller and more elegant than the Yellow-legged Gull with a slender bill, Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette more elongated, sloping forehead, and longer, narrower wings. ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale Gaviota It can be distinguished by its blood-red bill with Larus fuscusfrom the Yellow-legged gull Goéland Brun ‫أﺳﻤﺮ‬black ‫ﻧﻮرس‬and yellow tip sombría (sometimes hard to appreciate), very dark iris, dark grey or greenish legs (often visible in flight), Gaviota Mouette Rissa ‫اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ much paler greytridactyla upper-wing with only a tiny whitetridactyle patch at the wing-tip and small white tips to the tridáctila wing feathers (appears like a ‘string of pearls’).

Charrancito Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ común Juvenile: Similar to a juvenile Yellow-legged Gull, but with a more strongly patterned underwing Annex II Pagaza Sterne Hydroprogne caspia by a light grey section in the middle of‫ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬It has a darkish and dark wing feathers separated the wing. piquirroja Caspienne Annex rump (lower back) and white feathers on the upper tail that form a U-shape pattern; largely black II Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugek ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ sandvicensis patinegro tail-feathers with white tips; lower sides are usually uniformly dark; dark grey legs; grey bill with black tip. Wings become progressively grey as the bird matures. 2nd year (immature) - narrow black band develops at the end of the tail feathers and also inner wing feathers, progressively disappearing as the bird reaches the adult age.

Flight: More gliding compared to the Yellow-legged gull.

38

Appendix I

(‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Págalo

Larus michahellis

CMS

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬

Labbe parasite parásito Larusparasiticus audouinii, Audouin’s gull Gaviota de Goéland gull audouinii EN Audouin’s SP Gaviota de Audouin FR Goéland d’Audouin Larus Audouin d'Audouin

CITE S

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé

Labbe Pomarin

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers:

Calonectris diomedea Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus Larus audouinii

LARIDAE

Spanish nam e Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

CM S

SEABIRDS

Scientific name

Annex II Annex II

Appendix I

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé

‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Grand Labbe

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬

Labbe Pomarin

(‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

Gaviota Armenian Goéland Larus armenicus, gull Larus michahellis

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬

patiamarilla Leucophée Annex II Gaviota Goéland Armenian gull EN SP Gaviota Armenia FR Goéland AR ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Larus armenicus Armenia d'Arménie NT d’Arménie Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex reidora II CITES: NA CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3 Global Annex II Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ picofina Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ Wingspan: 115 – 135 cabecinegra cm melanocephalus mélanocéphale Gaviota Larus fuscus Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ sombría Gaviota Mouette Description: Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Adult: Slightly smaller than the Yellow-legged gull with proportionately shorter, stubbier-looking Charrancito Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ común bill, more rounded head and slightly longer legs. Frequently retains the black bar near the bill-tip, Annex II Pagaza than Yellow-legged Sterne and develops itcaspia more frequently gull, being‫ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ more ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬ prominent in winter. Iris on Hydroprogne piquirroja Caspienne average darker than Yellow-legged gull. Upper wings and body subtly darker grey than YellowAnnex II Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugekfeather‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬ legged gull, white patch usually only on the outermost of the wing-tips. sandvicensis patinegro

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Juvenile: Very similar to the Yellow-legged gull, differing mainly in size and structure (small, roundheaded, short-billed, long-legged).

39

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers: IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Scientific name

Calonectris diomedea Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus Larus audouinii

Spanish nam e Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé Grand Labbe

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

Annex II Annex II

Appendix I

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬

Labbe Pomarin

(‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

Gaviota Goéland ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ patiamarilla Leucophée Annex II Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Gaviota Black-headed gull SP Gaviota reidora Mouette rieuse EN Larus FR Mouette ridibundus rieuse AR ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora LC Annex II Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleurGFCM: ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ ‫ ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ‬Global SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listedpicofina CITES: NA CMS: Not listed Not listed Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale Gaviota Larus fuscus86 – 99 cm Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ Wingspan: sombría Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Charrancito Description: Medium to small-sized gull. In flight, it can be distinguished instantly from other Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ común common gulls by the white leading edge to the outer wing (on adult), with black trailing edge (rear Annex II Pagaza Sterne Hydroprogne ‫ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬visible ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬at extremely long edge) on the tip ofcaspia the primaries (outer wing feathers), which is often piquirroja Caspienne range.

Similar wing patternCharrán to the Slender-billed Gull. Wings are pointed (rather tern-like, Annex though II Thalasseus Sterne Caugek ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ sandvicensis patinegro broader at the base).

LARIDAE Larus michahellis

Larus ridibundus, Black-headed gull

Adult summer: Dark brown hood (often looks black) and dark, dull red bill and legs.

Adult winter: Bold dark ear-spot and red or brown-red legs and bill (with dark tip).

Juvenile: It has extensive ginger-brown upperparts and head markings, brown wing markings, black tail-band, and yellowish-flesh legs and bill. Bill has a dark tip. 1st winter (immature): juvenile wings, tail, and bill and leg colour retained, but head and body like adult winter. 1st summer (immature): like 1st winter, but many acquire partial hood (at times full hood); brown on wings often faded and much reduced in extent; bill-base and legs more orange-red.

40

CM S

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Calonectris diomedea Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus Larus audouinii

Spanish nam e Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé Grand Labbe

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

CM S

Annex II Annex II

Appendix I

SEABIRDS

Scientific name

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬

Labbe Pomarin

(‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

Gaviota Goéland ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ patiamarilla Leucophée Annex II Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus LARIDAE ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Annex II Gaviota Slender-billed Goéland railleur EN Larus genei gull SP Gaviota picofina FR Goéland railleur AR ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ picofina LC Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬Global SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II cabecinegra CITES: NA CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3 melanocephalus mélanocéphale Gaviota Larus fuscus Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ sombría Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ Wingspan: 90 – 102 cmtridáctila tridactyle Charrancito Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ común II Sterne gull, which it closely resembles inAnnex Description: A little largerPagaza than the Black-headed wing pattern Hydroprogne caspia ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ piquirroja Caspienne and general appearance, but head white (lacks hood) in summer; has only a faint ear-spot, if any, Annex II Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugek ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ in winter; and has usually obvious yellowish or whitish iris. sandvicensis patinegro

Larus michahellis

Larus genei, Slender-billed gull

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Very important for identification is its peculiar head-and-bill shape, produced jointly by longer (but actually not more slender) bill, more elongated forehead, and very long neck when fully extended. Legs comparatively long.

Adult summer: Can be distinguished by its usually strong pink tinge on underparts and darker red bill (often looking blackish; darker than Audouin’s gull) and legs.

Adult winter: Has less or no pink, has a pale grey ear-spot (if any), and less dark red bill and legs.

Juvenile: Compared to the Black-headed gull it usually has paler brown wing markings; paler earspot (if any); paler yellowish-brown or orange-flesh bill and legs, and bill with a small (or no) dark tip.

41

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers: IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Scientific name

Calonectris diomedea Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus Larus audouinii

Spanish nam e Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

French nam e

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé Grand Labbe

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

CITE S

Annex II Annex II

Appendix I

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬

Labbe Pomarin

(‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

Gaviota Goéland ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ patiamarilla Leucophée Annex II Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ LARIDAE reidora Annex II Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ picofina Annex II Larus Gaviota Mouette EN Mediterranean SP Gaviota FR Mouette AR ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale LC gull cabecinegra mélanocéphale Gaviota Larus fuscus Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex IIsombría CITES: NA CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3 Global Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Charrancito Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ Wingspan: 94 – 102 cm común Annex II Pagaza Sterne Hydroprogne caspia ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ piquirroja Caspienne Annex II Thalasseus Slightly larger Charrán Description: than the Black-headed gull, with shorter and thicker bill; less pointed, Sterne Caugek ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬ sandvicensis patinegro broader, slightly shorter wings; and longer legs.

Larus michahellis

Larus melanocephalus, Mediterranean gull

Adult: All-white wing feathers, very pale grey upperparts (silvery-white at distance), scarlet bill and legs (less bright in winter), and a large black hood (dark ‘mask’ in winter).

Juvenile/1st year (immature): Reminiscent of a small version of immature Yellow-legged gull, whitish-grey with brownish upperparts, dark outer wing feathers, secondaries, shoulder and tail bars. Reddish based dark or wholly black bill, reddish or black legs, and (from September) paler grey upperparts, dark ‘mask’ (or partial hood in 1st summer) and white underparts. 2nd year (immature): As adult, but with remains of black on the tip of the primaries (outer wing feathers).

42

CM S

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

List of seabirds – toolkit for observers:

Calonectris diomedea Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus Larus audouinii

Spanish nam e Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

Arabic nam e

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé

‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Grand Labbe

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

Annex II

Appendix I

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix II Appendix II

‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬

Mouette rieuse

‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬

Goéland railleur

‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬

Mouette Larus fuscus, Lesser black-backed gull ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮرس‬ mélanocéphale

‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬

AR

‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬

GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3

Annex II

LC Global

Sterne naine

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬

Sterne Caspienne

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬

Annex II

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬

Annex II

Sterne Caugek

CM S

Annex II

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

Goéland Leucophée Goéland d'Arménie

Mouette CMS: Not listed tridactyle

CITE S

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ (‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Goéland Brun FR Goéland Brun

SPA/B D PROTO COL Annex II

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Labbe Pomarin

Gaviota patiamarilla Gaviota Larus armenicus Armenia Gaviota Larus ridibundus reidora Gaviota Larus genei LARIDAE picofina Larus Gaviota melanocephalus cabecinegra Gaviota Lesser blackEN SP Gaviota sombría Larus fuscus sombría backed gull Gaviota Rissa tridactyla SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: NA tridáctila Charrancito Sternula albifrons común Pagaza Hydroprogne Wingspan:caspia 144 – 166piquirroja cm Thalasseus Charrán sandvicensis patinegro

Larus michahellis

French nam e

SEABIRDS

Scientific name

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Description: Similar to Yellow-legged gull, but slightly smaller and slender; blackish upperparts develop from 2nd winter onwards, instantly narrowing identification to this species (except for Great Black-backed Gull, rare visitor to the Mediterranean region). Adults have yellow legs. Bare parts develop gradually: bill from all black on juvenile to yellow with red spot on adult; iris from dark to yellow (with red orbital ring); and legs from flesh-pink to yellow.

Juvenile: Whole plumage neat; mantle and upper wing feathers mainly solidly dark-centred, turn extensively blackish as bird matures. Mantle and wing-coverts become less strongly chequered and blackish as the bird matures. Bill with pale base starting from 2nd winter (immature).

Some variability in the intensity of the grey/black of the upperparts exists.

43

Pardela

Calonectris IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT cenicienta Pufin de IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES diomedea

Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus Larus audouinii

mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé Grand Labbe

PROTO COL Annex II

Annex II Annex II

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬

Labbe Pomarin

(‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

Gaviota Goéland ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ patiamarilla Leucophée Annex Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Annex Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ picofina Annex Larus Gaviota Mouette LARIDAE ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale Gaviota Larus fuscus Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ sombría Gaviota Mouette Black legged EN Rissa AR ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridactyla SP Gaviota tridáctila FR Mouette tridáctila tridactyle VU tridactyle kittiwake Charrancito Sternula albifrons Sterne naine GFCM: Not ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listedcomún CITES: NA CMS: Not listed listed Global Annex Pagaza Sterne Hydroprogne caspia ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ piquirroja Caspienne Annex Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugek ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ Wingspan: 93 – 105 cmpatinegro sandvicensis

Larus michahellis

II

Appendix II

II

Appendix II Appendix II

II

Rissa tridactyla, Black-legged kittiwake

II II

Description: Slightly larger than the Black-headed gull, with a slight notch in tail and short legs.

Adult summer: dark grey upper-body and wings slightly fading to whitish towards extremes, with jet-black wingtips; yellowish bill; dark and rather short legs; head white, with dark eye.

Adult winter: Similar to summer, but grey hind neck (back part of the neck) and crescent-shaped blackish ear-spot.

Juvenile: Dark ‘W-pattern’ across wings; black band at end of the tail; white head with black earspot and black half-collar on the back of the neck; black bill. ‘W-pattern’ often much faded by 1st summer (immature), and bill becomes dull yellowish with dark marking at the tip.

Flight: With quick wingbeats and narrow outer wing, it more closely resembles a tern than other gulls.

44

Appendix I

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Puffinus puffinus Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus Larus audouinii

Pardela cenicienta mediterráne a Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

Annex II

Pufin de Scopoli

‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé Grand Labbe

Annex II

Appendix I

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix II Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬

Labbe Pomarin

(‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

Gaviota Goéland ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ patiamarilla Leucophée Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ picofina Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale Gaviota Larus fuscus Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ LARIDAE sombría Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Charrancito Little tern Sternenaine naine EN FR AR ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ Sternula albifrons SP Charrancito Sterne común común Pagaza Sterne Hydroprogne caspia ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex IIpiquirroja CITES: NA CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3 Caspienne Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugek ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ sandvicensis patinegro

Larus michahellis

Annex II

SEABIRDS

Calonectris diomedea

Annex II

Sternula albifrons, Little tern

LC

Annex II

Global

Annex II

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Wingspan: 41- 47 cm

Description: Tiny tern, about half the size of the Common Tern, with noticeably narrow and pointed wings.

Adult summer: Black cap with white forehead; yellow bill with small black tip; orange yellow legs; 2-3 outer wing feathers blackish.

Adult winter: Like adult summer, but from August has a whiter central cap and black bill.

Juvenile: Dark bill (with dirty yellow base), mantle with dark scaly pattern. Best identified by flight action and small size.

Flight: Fast wingbeats; low prolonged flight over the surface, then plunges (with quick repeated dives) to catch fish.

45

Pardela cenicienta Pufin de ‫ﺟَﻠَ ﻢﻣﺎءﺳﻜﻮﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬ mediterráne Scopoli IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE a SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES Pardela Puffin des Puffinus puffinus ‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬ pichoneta Anglais Pardela mediterráne Puffin yelkouan Puffinus yelkouan ‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ a Puffinus Pardela Puffin des ‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬ mauretanicus balear Baléares Alcatraz Morus bassanus Fou de Bassan ‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ atlántico Cormoran Gulosus aristotelis Cormorán huppé (de ‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ desmarestii moñudo Méditerranée) Microcarbo Cormorán Cormoran ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬ pygmaeus pigmeo pygmé Catharacta skua Págalo Grand Labbe ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ grande Stercorarius Págalo pomarinus Labbe Pomarin (‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ pomarino

Annex II

Calonectris diomedea

Stercorarius parasiticus

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

Larus audouinii

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

Annex II Annex II

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix II Appendix II

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

Gaviota Goéland ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ patiamarilla Leucophée Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ picofina Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale Gaviota Larus fuscus Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ sombría Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla LARIDAE ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Charrancito Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ común Pagaza Sterne Caspian tern caspia EN SP Pagaza piquirroja FR Sterne Caspienne AR ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ Hydroprogne piquirroja Caspienne Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugek ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex IIpatinegro CITES: NA CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3 sandvicensis

Larus michahellis

Annex II

Hydroprogne caspia, Caspian tern

Annex II

LC

Annex II

Global

Wingspan: 96 – 111 cm

Description: Largest tern; very large red bill and extensive dark (blackish) under outer wing feathers at all ages; slightly forked tail.

Adult: Bright red bill with dark tip; black legs. Black cap, streaked white in winter (white on head in winter is less extensive than in other terns).

Juvenile: Dusky-tipped orange bill; pale legs, which quickly turn dark during first autumn; faint dark markings on upperparts and tail; inner wings rather uniformly pale.

Flight: Slow wingbeats and flight heavier than other terns, more gull-like.

46

Appendix I

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus mauretanicus

Morus bassanus Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii Microcarbo pygmaeus Catharacta skua Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius parasiticus Larus audouinii

Pardela pichoneta Pardela mediterráne a Pardela balear Alcatraz atlántico Cormorán moñudo Cormorán pigmeo Págalo grande Págalo pomarino

Puffin des Anglais

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء إﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬

Puffin yelkouan

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬

Puffin des Baléares

‫ﺟﻠﻢ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻮرﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

Fou de Bassan Cormoran huppé (de Méditerranée) Cormoran pygmé Grand Labbe

‫ﻏﺎق أرﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎق ﻗﺰم‬

(‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﺎرﯾﻨﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Págalo parásito

Labbe parasite

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

Gaviota de Audouin

Goéland d'Audouin

Annex II Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix I and Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix II

Annex II

Appendix II Appendix II

‫ﻧﻮرس أودوﯾﻦ‬

Gaviota Goéland ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﯿﻜﺎﯾﯿﻞ‬ patiamarilla Leucophée Gaviota Goéland Larus armenicus ‫ﻧﻮرس أرﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ Armenia d'Arménie Gaviota Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻮد اﻟﺮأس‬ reidora Gaviota Larus genei Goéland railleur ‫ﻧﻮرس دﻗﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ picofina Larus Gaviota Mouette ‫ﻧﻮرس ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬ melanocephalus cabecinegra mélanocéphale Gaviota Larus fuscus Goéland Brun ‫ﻧﻮرس أﺳﻤﺮ‬ sombría Gaviota Mouette Rissa tridactyla ‫ﻧﻮرس ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ tridáctila tridactyle Charrancito Sternula albifrons Sterne naine ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ LARIDAE común Pagaza Sterne Hydroprogne caspia ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ piquirroja Caspienne Thalasseus Charrán Sterne Caugek EN Sandwich tern SP Charrán FRSterne Caugek AR ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﯾﺘﺶ‬ sandvicensis patinegro patinegro

Thalasseus sandvicensis, Sandwich tern

CMS: Appendix II

Appendix I

‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬

Labbe Pomarin

CITES: NA

Annex II

‫أطﯿﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

Larus michahellis

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

Annex II

SEABIRDS

Puffinus puffinus

GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3

Annex II

Annex II Annex II

LC

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Global

Wingspan: 85 – 97 cm

Description: Relatively large tern (about same size as a Black-headed Gull, but certainly slimmer) with a distinctive long and pointed bill (pencil shape), wings slightly flexed, long and evenly narrow, pointed; forked tail.

Adult summer: Pale grey upperparts, white underparts and broad white trailing edge (rear edge) give a very whitish impression; outer 4-5 primaries (outer wing feathers) darken to form a blackish tip; black legs and black bill with small yellow tip; black cap.

Adult winter: White forehead and crown (from June onwards), leaving a thin dark ‘mask’.

Juvenile: Bold scaly pattern above, especially on mantle; complete dusky cap; bill usually dark.

Dark markings on inner wing feathers and tail. During the 1st year the head and body are as the adult winter, and the outer wing feathers and tail-feathers worn, becoming blackish by spring.

Flight: Rapid fishing flight with measured, forceful wingbeats. When feeding often patrols at greater height than the Common Tern, with bill pointing down, making sudden dives to catch fish.

47

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

LARIDAE

Gelochelidon nilotica, Common Gull-billed tern Pagaza SP Pagaza piconegra nilotica piconegra Charrán Sterna hirundo SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II común CITES: NA Thalasseus Charrán bengalensis bengalí Fumarel Chlidonias 76 niger Wingspan: – 86 cm común Frailecillo Fratercula arctica atlántico EN Common Gelochelidon Gull-billed tern

hansel FR Sterne Sterne hansel AR

Sterne

CMS:pierregarin Appendix II

Sterne voyageuse

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻧﻮرﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺧﻄﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬

GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3

Guifette noire

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻐﺎل‬

Annex II

LC

Global

Annex II

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﻮداء‬

Macareux ‫ﻣَﻘـﱠﺎر ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ Moine PetitTern at all ages by its short, thick, all-black bill only Description: Distinguished from the Sandwich Pingouin/Pingo Alca torda Alca común ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻖ أﺑﻮ ﻣﻮس‬ half the length of the cap; slightly broader wing-bases (though wings still both long and pointed); uin torda shorter neck and less conspicuously forked tail.

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Adult summer:des Uniform frosty-grey upper-parts, including rump (lower back) and white-sided Référence nom arabes adaptés au Maroc :

tail; outer feathers often uniform, withA. outer 4-5 often creating a distinct dark edgedu Maroc. Mise à jour • wing Bergier, P. ; Thévenot, M. ; Rihane, ; El Agbani, M.A. & Qninba, A. 2017.

Listetrailing des oiseaux 2017 (rév. 4.0). Go-South Bulletin 14 : 43-68. (rear edge);mai black cap.

Adult winter: Head mainly white, with isolated patch or stripe behind eye.

Referencia nombres españoles & References noms français : Juvenile: Bill slightly slimmer and paler than adult’s; less patterned upperparts and wings than • Del Hoyo & Collar, 2014 HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the juvenile Sandwich tern. During the summer (immature), the head and body are as the adult winter World but retained juvenile wings.

Flight: More buoyant and elegant than the Sandwich tern; hawks insects in the air, or swoops to pluck prey from the water surface.

48

SEABIRDS

LARIDAE

PagazaCommon tern Sterna Gelochelidonhirundo, nilotica Sterne hansel

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻧﻮرﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬

piconegra Charrán Sterne Common tern EN SP Charrán común FR Sterne AR ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺧﻄﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ Sterna hirundo común pierregarin pierregarin Thalasseus Charrán Sterne ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻐﺎل‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: NA voyageuse CMS: Appendix II GFCM: Not listed bengalensis bengalí Fumarel Chlidonias niger Guifette noire ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﻮداء‬ común Frailecillo Macareux Fratercula arctica ‫ﻣَﻘـﱠﺎر ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ Wingspan: 70- 80 cmatlántico Moine Petit Pingouin/Pingo Alca torda Alca común ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻖ أﺑﻮ ﻣﻮس‬ uin torda Description

Annex II

LC

Annex II

Global

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Adult summer: Orange-red bill with black tip (sometimes hard to discern); black cap; white underparts Référence des nom arabes adaptés au Maroc : with pale grey tinge; conspicuous forked tail; outer 4-6 primaries (outer wing feathers) darker than • Bergier, P. ; Thévenot, M. ; Rihane, A. ; El Agbani, M.A. & Qninba, A. 2017. Liste des oiseaux du Maroc. Mise à jour rest, becoming obvious by midsummer; from below, outer wing feathers white with faint dark edge. mai 2017 (rév. 4.0). Go-South Bulletin 14 : 43-68.

Adult winter: White forehead and underparts, dark carpal bar (shoulder bar), and black bill (similar toReferencia immature).nombres españoles & References noms français :

Hoyo Collar,tinged 2014brown, HBW and International Illustrated Checklist ofslightly the Birds of the • Del Juvenile: Upper wing&greyish withBirdLife dark carpal bar (shoulder bar); dark bill with World orange base; forehead and upperparts obviously gingery (orange brown) when recently fledged.

Flight: Hovers, and dives directly for fish. Slower and more buoyant flight than Sandwich tern.

49

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Pagaza piconegra Charrán Sterna hirundo común Thalasseus Charrán EN Lesser SP Charrán bengalí bengalensis bengalí crested tern Fumarel Chlidonias niger SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: NA común Frailecillo Fratercula arctica atlántico

Gelochelidon nilotica LARIDAE

Sterne hansel

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻧﻮرﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬

Annex II

Sterne Lesser crested tern Thalasseus bengalensis, ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺧﻄﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬

Wingspan: 76 – 82 cm Alca torda Alca común

pierregarin Sterne FR Sterne voyageuse AR ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻐﺎل‬ voyageuse Guifette noire

CMS: Appendix II

Macareux Moine Petit Pingouin/Pingo uin torda

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﻮداء‬

GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/3

Annex II

LC

Global

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

‫ﻣَﻘـﱠﺎر ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻖ أﺑﻮ ﻣﻮس‬

Description: Référence des nom arabes adaptés au Maroc : • Bill Bergier, P. ; orange; Thévenot,similar M. ; Rihane, ; El Agbani, M.A. Qninba, A.uniform 2017. Liste des oiseaux du Maroc. Mise à jour Adult: is bright to theA. Sandwich Tern but&with more mai 2017 (rév. 4.0). Go-South Bulletin 14 : 43-68. upperparts and slightly darker grey, including rump (lower back) and tail-centre.

Juvenile: Like the Sandwich Tern but with a yellowish-orange Referencia nombres españoles & References noms françaisbill. :

•

50

Del Hoyo & Collar, 2014 HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World

SEABIRDS

Pagaza piconegra Charrán Sterna hirundo LARIDAE común Thalasseus Charrán bengalensis bengalí Fumarel Black tern niger SP Fumarel común EN Chlidonias común Frailecillo Fratercula arctica SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: NA atlántico

Gelochelidon nilotica

Sterne hansel

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻧﻮرﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬

Sterne pierregarin Sterne voyageuse

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺧﻄﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬

Chlidonias niger, Black tern

Alca torda

Alca común

Wingspan: 56 - 62 cm

Guifettenoire noire FR Guifette

Macareux CMS: Appendix II Moine Petit Pingouin/Pingo uin torda

Annex II

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻐﺎل‬ AR

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﻮداء‬ ‫ﻣَﻘـﱠﺎر ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬

GFCM: Not listed

Annex II

LC

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

Global

‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻖ أﺑﻮ ﻣﻮس‬

Référence des nom arabes adaptés au Maroc : • Bergier, P. ; Thévenot, M. ; Rihane, A. ; El Agbani, M.A. & Qninba, A. 2017. Liste des oiseaux du Maroc. Mise à jour Description: mai 2017 (rév. 4.0). Go-South Bulletin 14 : 43-68.

Adult summer: All-black head and body, rather uniform dark grey upperparts, white undertail, and dark legsnombres and bill; slightly forked tail; head and underparts with white on moulting Referencia españoles & References noms français patched :

adults (moult is the replacement of old feathers with new ones) in spring (before May) and • Del Hoyo & Collar, 2014 HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the summer/autumn.

World Adult winter (head and body plumage fully acquired from September onwards): Similar to juvenile, but upperparts plain grey, and outer 5-7 outer wing feathers darker.

Juvenile: Extensive black cap and obvious dark breast-side patches; scaly pattern on darkish upperparts and wing-coverts; darker carpal (shoulder) and secondary bars.

Flight: Typically feeding low over water with an erratic flight and dipping delicately to the surface.

51

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Alcidae

Pagaza piconegra Charrán Sterna hirundo común Thalasseus Charrán ALCIDAE bengalensis bengalí Fumarel Chlidonias niger común Frailecillo EN Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica SP Frailecillo atlántico atlántico

Gelochelidon nilotica

Sterne hansel Sterne pierregarin Sterne voyageuse

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻧﻮرﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬

Annex II

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺧﻄﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻐﺎل‬

Annex II

Fratercula arctica, Atlantic puffin‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﻮداء‬ Guifette noire

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: NA Alca torda

Macareux FR Macareux Moine AR ‫ﻣَﻘـﱠﺎر ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ Moine Petit CITES:común NA CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not ‫ﻣﻮس‬ listed‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻖ أﺑﻮ‬ Pingouin/Pingo Alca uin torda

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

VU Global

Référence des nom arabes adaptés au Maroc : Wingspan: 50 – 60 cm • Bergier, P. ; Thévenot, M. ; Rihane, A. ; El Agbani, M.A. & Qninba, A. 2017. Liste des oiseaux du Maroc. Mise à jour mai 2017 (rév. 4.0). Go-South Bulletin 14 : 43-68.

Description: Referencia nombres españoles & References noms français : Adult summer: Huge, colourful, parrot-like bill. At close range, unmistakable combination of bill, • pale, Del rounded Hoyo & ‘cheek Collar, 2014 HBW BirdLifebreast-band.

International large, patch’ and darkand unbroken AtIllustrated distance inChecklist flight canof bethe Birds of the World distinguished from the Razorbill by shorter more compact body, darker plumage at both head and tail ends, dark underwings and complete breast-band; lower back lacks white sides; orange feet often surprisingly obvious.

Adult winter: Bill smaller, eye-surround dark greyish.

Juvenile: Resembles adult winter, but bill much smaller and darker.

Flight: Flies relatively high above the water. Floats high on the water surface, and at some distance may result unexpectedly inconspicuous (small dark bird, often hidden by the waves; hard to notice the bill).

52

SEABIRDS

Gelochelidon nilotica Sterna hirundo Thalasseus bengalensis

Chlidonias niger

ALCIDAE

Pagaza piconegra Charrán común Charrán bengalí Fumarel común Frailecillo atlántico

Sterne hansel Sterne pierregarin Sterne voyageuse

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺧﻄﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﺳﻮداء‬

Fratercula arctica Razorbill Alca torda, Razorbill ENAlca torda

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: NA

CITES: NA

CMS: Not listed

Référence des nom arabes adaptés au Maroc :

Annex II

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻐﺎل‬

Guifette noire

Macareux Moine Petit común Petit Pingouin/ SP Alca Alca común FRPingouin/Pingo uinPingouin torda torda

Annex II

‫ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﻧﻮرﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎر‬

Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II Appendix II

‫ﻣَﻘـﱠﺎر ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ AR

‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻖ أﺑﻮ ﻣﻮس‬

GFCM: Not listed

NT Global

Bergier, P. ; Thévenot, M. ; Rihane, A. ; El Agbani, M.A. & Qninba, A. 2017. Liste des oiseaux du Maroc. Mise à jour mai 2017 (rév. 4.0). Go-South Bulletin 14 : 43-68.

Wingspan: 60 – 69 cm •

Referencia nombres españoles & References noms français : Description: combination deep, bill, flattened laterally, black Checklist of the Birds of the • Del Distinctive Hoyo & Collar, 2014 of HBW andblunt BirdLife International Illustrated World with white lines (bill shape difficult to discern at some range); dark blackish upperbody and wings with white underwing and armpits and neatly defined white sides, extending to the sides of the rump (lower back); powerful neck; long, pointed tail. Long tail covers feet when flying and it is often raised when rafting.

Adult summer: White line across tip of bill; head black, with white loral line (region between the eye and bill on the side of the bird’s head).

Adult winter: Generally retains white bill line but lacks loral line (region between the eye and bill on the side of the bird’s head); face and throat white.

Juvenile: Similar to adult winter, with considerably weaker and more pointed bill.

53

The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) caught by long line fishing. Š Jonathan R. Green| Dreamstime.com

SEA TURTLES

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

56

Sea Turtles With just seven species worldwide, sea turtles are the least diverse taxon of vulnerable marine megavertebrates and it is highly unlikely that species other than Caretta caretta or Chelonia mydas will be observed by onboard observers. Both species have resident breeding populations in the Eastern basin with juvenile loggerheads and some juvenile green turtles (rarely) using Western basin waters. Juvenile loggerhead turtles from Atlantic breeding populations regularly occur in the SEA TURTLES

Western basin and leatherback turtles also enter the Mediterranean from the Atlantic to forage, though none breed, and encounters are scarce. The other three species listed enter the basin very scarcely. Loggerhead turtles are incidentally caught by some fisheries in all Mediterranean subregions whereas green turtles are caught mainly in the Eastern basin. Additionally, a Mediterranean subpopulation of a freshwater species, the African softshell turtle Trionyx triunguis, may be encountered in coastal and estuarine fisheries of Southern Turkey and the Levant.

Source materials and references The artwork is of Tom McFarland and Dawn Witherington, originally commissioned for: Eckert, K. L., K. A. Bjorndal, F. A. Abreu-Grobois,and M. Donnelly (Editors). 1999. Research and Management Techniques for the Conservation of Sea Turtles. IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Publication No. 4

TURTLES CHECKLIST (By Family) CHELONIIDAE 1. Lepidochelys olivacea, Olive ridley turtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 2. Lepidochelys kempii, Kemp’s ridley turtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3. Caretta caretta, Loggerhead turtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4. Eretmochelys imbricata, Hawksbill turtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5. Chelonia mydas, Green turtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 DERMOCHELYIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59

6. Dermochelys coriacea, Leatherback turtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 TRIONYCHIDAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57

7. Trionyx triunguis, African softshell turtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

CR

Mediterranean subpopulation of the freshwater species, the African softshell turtle (Trionyx triunguis).

57

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

V

= Visitor

F

= Regular foraging population

B

= Resident breeding population

Carapace hard with scutes

5 or more costal scutes; 1st touches nuchal

Carapace wide and almost circular

≥6 costal scutes

5 costal scutes; carapace not circular

5 costal scutes

V

Common minke (‫الحوت القزم )حوت ﻣﻧﻛﻲ‬ whale Lepidochelys olivacea, Scopoli’s Olive‫سﻛوبولﻲ‬ ridley‫ﻣاء‬turtle ‫جلم‬ shearwater European storm petrel Great skua

Olive ridley turtle

Kemp’s ridley turtle Green turtle

58

No arabic VU name indicated to correct No arabic name SP Tortuga Olivacea indicated to correct

FR Tortue Bâtarde, Tortue de Ridley AR

‫سلحﻔاة ريدلﻲ الزيتوﻧية‬

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed No arabic name CITES: Appendix I indicated toI,correct CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/4 ‫السلحﻔاة‬ ICCAT:‫الخضراء‬ Rec. 13-11

V

B

Lepidochelys kempii, Kemp’s ridley turtle

Caretta caretta, Loggerhead turtle

CR

VU

V

SP Tortuga Iora, Tortuga Marina Bastarda

SP Tortuga Careta

FR Tortue de Kemp

caouanne FR SP Tortue Tortuga Careta

AR NA

AR AR ‫ﺳﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة ٮ ﮳ﺤﺮ ٮ ﮵ﺔ ﺿ﮲ﺤﻤﺔ اﻟﺮأس‬

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix I CMS: Appendix I, II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/4 ICCAT: Rec. 13-11

SP Tortuga Iora, Tortuga Marina SPA/BD PROTOCOL: AnnexBastarda II FR Tortue de KempI CITES: Appendix AR ?????

CMS: Appendix I, II SP Tortuga Olivacea GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/4 FR Tortue Bâtarde, Tortue de Ridley ICCAT: Rec. 13-11 AR ‫ﻰ ﺳﻠﺤڡﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﺰ ٮ ﮵ﺘﻮٮٮ ﮵ﺔ ر ٮ ﮵ﺪﻟ ﮵‬

FR Tortue caouanne

‫﮲‬

‫﮲‬

SP Tortuga Laud FR Tortue luth AR ‫ﺳﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة اﻟﻤﺤٮ ﮵ﻂ ﮳ﺣﻠﺪٮ ﮵ﺔ اﻟ﮲ﻄﻬﺮ‬ SP Tortuga de Carey FR Tortue Caret

Leathery; No scutes; 5 ridges

One pair pre-frontal scales

© Tom McFarland and Dawn Witherington

Two pairs pre-frontal scales; scutes overlap

SEA TURTLES

4 costal scutes and 1st does not touch nuchal

Page 21 27 Careta SP Tortuga

FR Tortue caouanne AR ‫ﺳﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة ٮ ﮳ﺤﺮ ٮ ﮵ﺔ ﺿ﮲ﺤﻤﺔ اﻟﺮأس‬

Common minke whale Scopoli’s shearwater V

30 Iora, Tortuga Marina Bastarda European SP Tortuga FR Tortue de Kemp storm petrel AR ?????

Eretmochelys imbricata, 34

Great skua

Hawksbill turtle SP Tortuga Olivacea FR Tortue Bâtarde, Tortue de Ridley Olive AR ‫ﺎة‬58 ‫ﻰ ﺳﻠﺤ﮲ڡ‬ ‫اﻟﺰ ٮ ﮵ﺘﻮٮ﮲ٮ ﮵ﺔ ر ٮ ﮵ﺪﻟ ﮵‬

CR

ridley turtle

SP Tortuga Laud FR Tortue luth ‫ﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة اﻟﻤﺤٮ ﮵‬Kemp’s ‫ﻂ ﮳‬Carey ARTortuga ‫ﻬﺮ‬58 ‫ﺣﻠﺪٮ ﮵ﺔ اﻟ﮲ﻄ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ de

SP

Tortuga Caret de Carey FRSPTortue

59 Caret FR Tortue AR AR ‫ﺳﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة ﺻ﮴ڡﺮ ٮ ﮵ﺔ اﻟﻤﻨ﮴ڡﺎر‬

ridley turtle

Green turtle

SP Tortuga Verde SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II FR Tortue franche, Tortue verte CITES: Appendix I AR ‫اﻟ﮲ﺤﻀﺮاء اﻟﺴﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة‬ CMS: Appendix I, II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/4 ICCAT: Rec. 13-11

(‫الحوت القزم )حوت ﻣﻧﻛﻲ‬ ‫جلم ﻣاء سﻛوبولﻲ‬ No arabic name indicated to correct Chelonia mydas, No arabic name Greento turtle indicated correct

B

‫الزيتوﻧية‬EN ‫سلحﻔاة ريدلﻲ‬

F

SP Tortuga Careta FR Tortue caouanne AR ‫ﺿ﮲ﺤﻤﺔ اﻟﺮأس‬coriacea, ‫ﺳﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة ٮ ﮳ﺤﺮ ٮ ﮵ﺔ‬ Dermochelys

Leatherback turtleMarina Bastarda SP Tortuga Iora, Tortuga FR Tortue de Kemp AR ?????

VU

SP Tortuga Olivacea FR Tortue Bâtarde, Tortue de Ridley AR Tortuga ‫ﻰ ﺳﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﺰ ٮ ﮵ﺘﻮٮ﮲ٮ ﮵ﺔ ر ٮ ﮵ﺪ‬ ‫ﻟ ﮵‬Laud

No arabic name SP Tortuga Verde

SP

FR Tortue franche, Tortue verte

Tortuga Laud luth FRSP Tortue

indicated to correct

AR

‫السلحﻔاة الخضراء‬

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix I CMS: Appendix I, II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/4 ICCAT: Rec. 13-11

FR Tortue luth

AR AR ‫ﺳﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة اﻟﻤﺤٮ ﮵ﻂ ﮳ﺣﻠﺪٮ ﮵ﺔ اﻟ﮲ﻄﻬﺮ‬ SP Tortuga de Carey SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II FR Tortue Caret CITES: Appendix I AR ‫ﺳﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة ﺻ﮴ڡﺮ ٮ ﮵ﺔ اﻟﻤﻨ﮴ڡﺎر‬ CMS: Appendix I, II GFCM: GFCM/35/2011/4 SP Tortuga Verde FR Tortue franche, ICCAT: Rec. 13-11 Tortue verte AR ‫اﻟ﮲ﺤﻀﺮاء اﻟﺴﻠﺤ﮲ڡﺎة‬

59

Signs of Great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias interacting with fishing gear Š Nicolò Tonachella

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Chondrichtyans (sharks, rays, skates and chimaeras) Fabrizio Serena1, Monica Barone1, Maria del Mar Otero2.

1

IUCN Shark Specialist Group

2

IUCN Center for Mediterranean Cooperation

The Mediterranean hosts a rich chondrichthyans diversity, at least 48 species of sharks, 38 of rays and two of chimaeras, even if some of them have to be confirmed. Some of these species which are not considered rare or endangered, have a commercial value and are sold at fish market. Due to their reproductive strategy and the overall overexploitation of the stocks, many species have become rare or are in unfavorable conservation status. The most significant species to be found on bycatch are presented below, including the rare species and those whose identification is still questionable.

Source materials and references Texts are modified from the catalogues of FAO and the Catalogue of fish of the Californian Academy (www.FAO.org; www.catalogfish.org). Distribution information and conservation status are taken from the IUCN Red List on the basis general bibliographic literature and monitoring program such as Data Collection Framework of the EU, MEDLEM, etc.

Illustrations Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Original Scientific Illustrations Archive. Reproduced with permission Serena, F. 2005. Field identification guide to the sharks and rays of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome, FAO. 97p. 11 colour plates + egg cases.

FAO, 2018. Species Photographic Plates. Mediterranean Sharks, by Monica Barone, Fabrizio Serena and Mark Dimech. Rome, Italy.

FAO, 2018. Species Photographic Plates. Mediterranean skates, rays and chimaeras, by Monica Barone, Fabrizio Serena and Mark Dimech. Rome, Italy.

Dulvy, N.K., Allen, D.J., Ralph, G.M. and Walls, R.H.L. (2016). The conservation status of Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras in the Mediterranean Sea [Brochure]. IUCN, Malaga, Spain

Acknowledgements Many colleagues have collaborated in order to provide the necessary images, for each of them the credit is guaranteed.

We would like also to thank Mohamed N. Bradai for its suggestions during the preparation of this chapter.

62

How to read the contents of the factsheet at the beginning in each page: Two images in each specific sheet have been attached, the first is the FAO technical drawing where the most important features are indicated, the second one is a picture of the fish after its capture.

The shorthand ASFIS code for each species are also provided to allow a quicker classification and take notes faster on the bycatch note sheets (e.g. Hexanchus griseus – SBL).

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

The sheet also includes the essential characteristics of the species such as the maximum Size reached, a synthetic Description of the morphology of the species with the addition of synthetic information related to the reproductive strategy, i.e. if the species is viviparous or oviparous; number of litters produced and the size of the young at birth. It has not always been possible to define the features mentioned utilizing Mediterranean information only. In this sense, in the absence of information, the Atlantic reference or global was used.

Habitat paragraph provides information on the environment in which the species lives, as well as the maximum depth at which it was observed. The Distribution suggests the places where the species lives with particular reference to the Mediterranean, as well as the Black Sea. Lastly, considering the difficulties to identify some species living in the Mediterranean a small paragraph concerning Remarks has been added at the end of the descriptions of the species

Symbols These symbols mean that the species have to be released alive. The species cannot be retained on board, transshipped, landed, transferred, stored, sold or displayed or offered for sale.

This symbol refers to the species that are very rare or the species whose presence in Mediterranean is considered questionable by the authors, thus their presence need to be confirmed in the region. It is extremely important to look carefully at these species, and taking photographic and genetic samples.

63

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

CHECKLIST (By Order and Family)

Sharks ORDER HEXANCHIFORMES FAMILY HEXANCHIDAE (COW SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

74

Heptranchias perlo – Sharpnose seven-gill shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Hexanchus griseus – Bluntnose sixgill shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Hexanchus nakamurai – Bigeye sixgill shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

ORDER LAMNIFORMES FAMILY ODONTASPIDIDAE (SAND TIGER SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

77

Carcharias taurus – Sandtiger shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Odontaspis ferox – Smalltooth sandtiger shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 FAMILY LAMNIDAE (MACKEREL SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

79

Carcharodon carcharias – Great white shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Isurus oxyrinchus – Shortfin mako . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Isurus paucus – Longfin mako . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Lamna nasus – Porbeagle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 FAMILY CETORHINIDAE (BASKING SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83

Cetorhinus maximus – Basking shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 FAMILY ALOPIIDAE (THRESHER SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84

Alopias superciliosus – Bigeye thresher shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Alopias vulpinus – Thresher shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 ORDER CARCHARHINIFORMES FAMILY PENTANCHIDAE (CAT SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

86

Galeus atlanticus – Atlantic sawtail catshark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Galeus melastomus – Blackmouth catshark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 FAMILY SCYLIORHINIDAE (CAT SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

88

Scyliorhinus canicula – Small spotted catshark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Scyliorhinus stellaris – Nursehound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 FAMILY TRIAKIDAE (HOUNDSHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90

Galeorhinus galeus – Tope shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Mustelus asterias – Starry smooth-hound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Mustelus mustelus – Smooth hound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Mustelus punctulatus – Blackspotted smooth-hound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

64

FAMILY CARCHARHINIDAE (REQUIEM SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

94

Carcharhinus altimus – Bignose shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Carcharhinus brachyurus – Copper shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Carcharhinus brevipinna – Spinner shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Carcharhinus falciformis – Silly shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Carcharhinus limbatus – Blacktip shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Carcharhinus melanopterus – Blacktip reef shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Carcharhinus obscurus – Dusky shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Carcharhinus plumbeus – Sandbar shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Galeocerdo cuvier – Tiger shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Prionace glauca – Blue shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

FAMILY SPHYRNIDAE (HAMMERHEAD SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Rhizoprionodon acutus – Milk shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

105

Sphyrna lewini – Scalloped hammerhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Sphyrna mokarran – Great hammerhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Sphyrna tudes – Smaleye hammerhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Sphyrna zygaena – Smooth hammerhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

ORDER SQUALIFORMES FAMILY DALATIIDAE (KITEFIN SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

109

Dalatias licha – Kitefin shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 FAMILY ETMOPTERIDAE (LANTERN SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

110

Etmopterus spinax – Velvet belly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 FAMILY SOMNIOSIDAE (SLEEPER SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111

Centroscymnus coelolepis – Portuguese dogfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Somniosus rostratus – Little sleeper shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 FAMILY OXYNOTIDAE (ROUGH SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

113

Oxynotus centrina – Angular rough shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 FAMILY CENTROPHORIDAE (GULPER SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114

Centrophorus cf granulosus – Gulper shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 FAMILY SQUALIDAE, (DOGFISH SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115

Squalus acanthias – Picked dogfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Squalus blainville – Longnose spurdog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Squalus megalops – Shortnose spurdog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 FAMILY ECHINORHINIDAE (BRAMBLE SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118

Echinorhinus brucus – Bramble shark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

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IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

ORDER SQUATINIFORMES FAMILY SQUATINIDAE (ANGEL SHARKS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

119

Squatina aculeata – Sawback angelshark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Squatina oculata – Smoothback angelshark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Squatina squatina – Angelshark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Rays ORDER TORPEDINIFORMES FAMILY TORPEDINIDAE (ELECTRIC RAYS TORPEDO RAYS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124

Tetronarce nobiliana – Elettric ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Torpedo marmorata – Marbled elettric ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Torpedo sinuspersici – Variable torpedo ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Torpedo torpedo – Common torpedo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

ORDER RHINOPRISTIFORMES FAMILY GLAUCOSTEGIDAE LAST, (GIANT GUITARFISHES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128

Glaucostegus cemiculus – Blackchin guitarfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Glaucostegus halavi – Halavi ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 FAMILY RHINOBATIDAE (GUITARFISHES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130

Rhinobatos rhinobatos – Common guitarfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 FAMILY PRISTIDAE (SAWFISHES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

131

Pristis pectinata – Smalltooth sawfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Pristis pristis – Common sawfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

ORDER RAJIFORMES FAMILY RAJIDAE (SKATES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

133

Dipturus cf batis – Blue skate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Dipturus nidarosiensis – Norwegian skate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Dipturus oxyrinchus – Longnose skate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Leucoraja circularis – Sandy ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Leucoraja fullonica – Shagreen skate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Leucoraja melitensis – Maltese ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Leucoraya naevus – Cuckoo ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Raja asterias – Mediterranean starry ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Raja brachyura – Blonde skate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

66

Raja clavata – Thornback ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Raja miraletus – Brown ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Raja montagui – Spotted ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Raja polystigma – Speckled ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Raja radula – Rough ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Raja undulata – Undulate ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Rostroraja alba – White skate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

ORDER MYLIOBATIFORMES FAMILY DASYATIDAE (STINGRAYS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

149

Bathytoshia centroura – Roughtail stingray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Dasyatis marmorata – Marble stingray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Dasyatis pastinaca – Common stingray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Dasiatys tortonesei – Tortonese’s stingray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Himantura leoparda – Honeycomb stingray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Himantura uarnak – Honeycomb stingray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Pteroplatytrygon violacea – Pelagic stingray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Taeniurops grabatus – Round stingray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 FAMILY GYMNURIDAE (BUTTERFLY RAYS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

157

Gymnura altavela – Spiny butterfly ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 FAMILY MYLIOBATIDAE (EAGLE RAYS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

158

Myliobatis aquila – Common eagle ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 FAMILY AETOBATIDAE (PELAGIC EAGLE RAYS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

159

Aetomylaeus bovinus – Bull ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 FAMILY RHINOPTERIDAE (COWNOSE RAYS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

160

Rhinoptera marginata – Lusitanian cownose ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 FAMILY MOBULIDAE (DEVIL RAYS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

161

Mobula mobular – Devil fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Chimaeras ORDER CHIMAERIFORMES FAMILY CHIMAERIDAE (SHORTNOSE CHIMAERAS OR RATFISHES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

164

Chimaera monstrosa – Rabbit fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Hydrolagus mirabilis – Large-eyed rabbitfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

67

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Sharks, rays and chimaeras of the Mediterranean and Black seas

Sharks ORDERS

Anal fin absent Dorsal fin spines present

Body flattened

Body not flattened

Mouth terminal pectoral fins separated from head

SQUATINIFORMES

SQUALIFORMES

Squatinidae

Dalatiidae Etmopteridae Somniosidae Oxynotidae Centrophoridae Squalidae Echinorhinidae

68

5 gill slits 2 dorsal fins

Nictitating membranes present

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Anal fin present Dorsal fin spines absent

6 o 7 gill slits 1 dorsal fin

No nictitating membranes

CARCHARHINIFORMES

LAMNIFORMES

HEXANCHIFORMES

Pentanchidae

Odontaspididae

Hexanchidae

Scyliorhinidae

Lamnidae

Triakidae

Cetorhinidae

Carcharhinidae

Alopiidae

Sphyrnidae

69

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Sharks HEXANIFORMES

Hexanchidae 6 or 7 gill slits, 1 dorsal fin

LAMNIFORMES

Odontaspididae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, AlopiIdae 5 gill slits, 2 dorsal fins, no nictitating/blinking eyelid

70

CARCHARHINIFORMES

Pentanchidae, Scyliorhinidae, Triakidae, Carcharhinidae, Sphyrnidae

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

5 gill slits, 2 dorsal fins without spines. Nictitating eyelid

SQUALIFORMES

Dalatiidae, Etmopteridae, Somniosidae, Oxynotidae, Centrophoridae, Squalidae, Echinorhinidae 5 gill slits, no anal fin, 2 dorsal fins with spines: Body not ray-like

SQUATINIFORMES

Squatinidae Body flattened, ray-like mouth, pectoral fins not attached to head

71

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Rays TORPEDINIFORMES

Torpedinidae Tail thick with fins, fleshy body, smooth skin.

RHINOPRISTIFORMES

Rhinobatidae, Glaucostegidae, Pristidae Snout greatly elongated, wedge-shaped.

RAJIFORMES

Rajidae Tail thick with fins hard body, denticles (small tooth-like projections) sometimes present

72

MYLIOBATIFORMES

Dasyatidae, Gymnuridae, Aetobatidae, Myliobatidae, Rhinopteridae, MobulidaeÂ

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Tail thin with stinger, head protrude from disc or not, cephalic fins absent or present

Chimaeras CHIMAERIFORMES

Chimaeridae Unique gill opening on each side of head; naked skin; first dorsal fins long spine; elongate tapering tail

73

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Sharks Only one dorsal fin

7 gill slits

White belly

© F. Serena

HEXANCHIDAE

Heptranchias perlo, Sharpnose seven-gill shark – HXT

Arabic name Common english name Sharpnose Cañabota Requin perlon EN SP FR AR ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gill shark NT DD seven-gill shark bocadulce )‫كلب أبو ستة (الدودة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill SPA/BD shark PROTOCOL: Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: NA GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َثور‬ Sandtiger shark )‫نمر رملي (كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger shark Size: up to 140 cm in total length (TL). )‫قرش أبيض كبير (قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white shark )‫زرقايا‬ ( gill ‫زرقايا‬ Description: Species with a narrow-headed and relatively big-eyed; seven slits. Body fusiform Shortfin mako Longfin mako and slender; dorsal fin small, originating over inner margins of pelvic fins; anal fin small. Teeth wide, ‫ طوبة‬dark blotches Porbeagle low and comb-shaped. Brownish grey above, paler below, sometimes with indistinct ‫الة‬ ‫كوسج‬ ّ‫رح‬ Basking shark on body; juveniles with dark-tipped dorsal and caudal fins, adults with light fin margins. Live ‫العين‬about ‫ثعلب كبير‬ Bigeye thresher specimens with fluorescent green eyes. Viviparous, about 9-20 litters; 26 cm in TL at birth. ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ Thresher shark Habitat: benthic species (30-400 m, occasionally to 1000 m), frequently near edge of shelf, Atlantic sawtail catshark in temperate and warmer waters. ‫قط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth catshark )‫نمر‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫قِط‬ Small-spotted catshark Distribution: Atlantic coast also beyond Bay of Biscay.

It is (found also in the Mediterranean, )‫نمر‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound with the exception of North Adriatic and Black Sea. )‫(قطاط‬ ‫مُتسوﱢلة‬ Tope shark Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean. )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب نجمي‬ Starry smooth-hound shark )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ Smooth-hound )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ Blackspotted smooth-hound Bignose shark ‫قِرش ُنحاسي‬ Copper shark )‫ بومنقار‬/ ‫(وشة‬ ‫قِرش لولبي‬ Spinner shark ) ‫بحر‬ ‫كلب‬ ( ‫حريري‬ ‫قرش‬ Silky shark ٙ ٙ )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قِرش مُكحّ ل‬ Blacktip shark 74

Origin of the dorsal fin over the free rear tip of the ventral fin

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

6 gill slits

© F. Serena

HEXANCHIDAE

Hexanchus griseus, Bluntnose six-gill shark SBL Arabic–name Common english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gill shark Bluntnose Cañabota gris Requin griset EN SP FR AR )‫كلب أبو ستة (الدودة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark NT LC six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill shark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not ‫كلب‬ listed ( ‫ القِرش ال َثور‬Global Med Sandtiger shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: NA GFCM:)‫بحر‬ )‫نمر رملي (كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger shark )‫قرش أبيض كبير (قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white shark Size: up to 500 cm in total length (TL) )‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako Description: Longfin makosnout rounded, heavy body and fusiform, broad headed with six gill slits. Mouth ventral with 6 rows of lower, bladelike, comb-shaped teeth on each side. Only one dorsal ‫ طوبة‬fin Porbeagle bigger then the anal one. Brown or grey above, clear below, with a light stripe side. Fins with ‫الة‬along ّ‫كوسج رح‬ Basking shark ‫العين‬ ‫كبير‬litters, ‫ ثعلب‬maybe Bigeye thresher white edges.

Live specimens with fluorescent green eyes. Viviparous, about 20-50 ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ Thresher even 100 shark embryos; 60-70 cm in TL at birth.

Atlantic sawtail catshark Habitat: usually in deep waters (100-2500 m) close to bottom, rising to surface at night, but also ‫قط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth catshark epipelagic; rarely in shallow waters. )‫ نمر‬/ ‫قِط صغير مبرقش (كاتارلي‬ Small-spotted catshark ‫(كاتارلي‬southward to‫حرتوكة‬ Distribution: Atlantic coasts northward to the Norway)‫نمر‬ and /Iceland, the Mauritania; Nursehound )‫قطاط‬ ( ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫م‬ Tope shark in the Mediterranean, although absent in the North It is common Adriatic.

It is also reported close )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب نجمي‬ Starry shark to the smooth-hound Bosphorus Channel but no in the Black Sea. )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ Smooth-hound )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ Blackspotted smooth-hound Bignose shark ‫قِرش ُنحاسي‬ Copper shark )‫ بومنقار‬/ ‫(وشة‬ ‫قِرش لولبي‬ Spinner shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش حريري‬ Silky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫حّ ل‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫قِرش م‬ Blacktip shark

75

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Origin of the dorsal fin over the ventral fin base

Dorsal fin origin well forward the origin of the anal fin

6 gill slits

© S.P.Iglesias

HEXANCHIDAE

Hexanchus nakamurai, Bigeyed six-gill shark – HXN EN Bigeyed six-gill shark

SP Cañabota ojigrande FR Requin-vache

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

CITES: Not listed

CMS: NA

AR NA

GFCM: Not listed

DD

DD

Global

Med

Size: up to 180 cm in total length (TL) Description: narrower head, relatively larger eyes of the congener (H. griseus). Five large lower comb-shaped anterolateral teeth. Body uniformly pale brown on the back, without a light line along the lateral side of the trunk. Ventral surface is light brown. Viviparous, up to 26 embryos about 40-45 cm in TL at birth.

Habitat: mesopelagic and/or benthic in deep waters (from 90 to 600 m), probable excursions to the surface.

Distribution: Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean area, Southern Atlantic, South-Western Indian Ocean and Taiwan. Very rare in the Mediterranean.

76

rai

arias s

s s

a s

us us yurus us pinna na ormis is tus

First and second dorsal and anal fins nearly equal in size

First dorsal fin is placed back on body, closer to pelvic fins than to pectoral fins Teeth with long and narrow primary cusps

Keel on caudal peduncle absent

Snout flattened

Enlarged upper lobe

a

b

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

a>b

© G.H. Burgess

Arabic Arabic name name Common Common english english name name ‫سبعةسبعة‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gill seven-gill shark shark Carcharias taurus, Sandtiger shark – CCT )‫الدودة‬ )‫الدودة‬ ( ‫ستة‬ ( ‫ستة‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ Bluntnose Bluntnose six-gill six-gill shark shark Bigeyed Bigeyed six-gill six-gill shark shark Sandtiger shark EN FR Requin-taureau AR )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ ( ( ‫ِرشورال َثور‬ ‫ِرش ال َث‬ ‫الق الق‬ Sandtiger Sandtiger shark sharkSP Toro bacota VU )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫رمليرملي (كلب(كلب‬ ‫نمر نمر‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark )‫كبير)كبير‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ( ‫كبير‬ ( ‫كبير‬ ‫ٔبيضٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫ قرش ا‬Global SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Great Great white white shark shark )‫زرقايا‬ )‫زرقايا‬ ( ( ‫زرقايا‬ ‫زرقايا‬ Shortfin Shortfin mako mako Longfin Longfin mako mako Size: up to 320 cm in total length (TL) ‫طوبةطوبة‬ Porbeagle Porbeagle Description: short, and fins; 1st ‫رحّ الة‬ ‫كوسجالة‬ ‫كوسج‬ ّ‫رح‬anal Basking Basking shark shark pointed snout, prominent spike-like teeth. Equal sized dorsal dorsal finthresher closer to pelvic than to pectoral fins. Caudal fin with a pronounced‫العين‬ subterminal notch ‫العين‬ ‫كبيركبير‬ ‫ثعلبثعلب‬ Bigeye Bigeye thresher ‫ذنب‬ ‫ذنب‬ ‫ثعلب أبو‬ ‫أبو‬ Thresher Thresher shark and a shortshark ventral lobe. Dorsal side pale brown or grey, paler below, with dark spots that‫ثعلب‬ appear Atlantic Atlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark faded in adults. Viviparous, usually with two young, sometimes only one; 95-105 cm in TL at birth. ‫أسود الفم‬ ‫أسود الفم‬ ‫قط قط‬ Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark Habitat: coastal species, living mostly on or close to bottom. From the surface to 200 m of depth, )‫نمر)نمر‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ( ‫مبرقش‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫قِط قِط‬ Small-spotted Small-spotted catshark catshark mainly less than 70 m. )‫نمر‬ )‫نمر‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound Nursehound )‫قطاط‬ )‫قطاط‬ ( ( and Western ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫ُتسوﱢملة‬ ‫م‬ Distribution: Atlantic, from Gulf of Guinea to the Canaries; Western Indian Pacific Tope Tope shark shark )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫نجمينجمي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Starry Starry smooth-hound smooth-hound shark shark and excluded from the Black oceans.

All around the Mediterranean Sea. )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Smooth-hound Smooth-hound )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلبط ُم َن َّقط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّق‬ Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound Bignose Bignose shark shark ‫حاسي‬ ‫حاسي‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ق ق‬ Copper Copper shark shark )‫بومنقار‬ )‫بومنقار‬ / ‫وشة‬ / ‫وشة‬ ( ( ‫لولبيلولبي‬ ‫ِرشِرش‬ ‫ق ق‬ Spinner Spinner shark shark )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ ( ( ‫حريري‬ ‫حريري‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ Silky Silky shark shark )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫حّ ل (كلب(كلب‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫حّ مل‬ٙ ‫ِرش‬ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫ِرش م‬ ‫ق ق‬ Blacktip Blacktip shark shark ODONTASPIDIDAE

CR Med

77

s

us a s

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Keel on caudal peduncle absent

Conical to slightly flattened snout

a

b a<b

© S.P. Iglesias

Arabic Arabic name name Common Common english english name name ‫سبعة‬ ‫سبعة‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gill seven-gill shark shark ODONTASPIDIDAE )‫الدودة‬ )‫الدودة‬ ( (‫ستةستة‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Bluntnose Bluntnose six-gill six-gill shark shark Odontaspis ferox, Smalltooth Sandtiger shark – LOO Bigeyed Bigeyed six-gill six-gill shark shark َ ‫ِرش ال‬ )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ ( ( ‫ورثور‬ ‫ِرش ال َث‬ ‫الق الق‬ Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark Smalltooth Solrayo Requin-féroce EN SP FR AR )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫رملي (كلب‬ ‫رملي‬ ‫نمرنمر‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark VU Sandtiger shark )‫كبير‬ )‫كبير‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ( (‫كبيركبير‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Great Great white white shark shark )‫زرقايا‬ )‫زرقايا‬ ( ( ‫زرقايا‬ ‫ زرقايا‬Global SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Shortfin Shortfin mako mako Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Longfin Longfin mako mako ‫طوبة‬ ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle Porbeagle Size: up to 450 cm in total length (TL) ‫رحّ الة‬ ‫رحّ الة‬ ‫كوسج‬ ‫كوسج‬ Basking Basking shark shark Description: head depressed; second dorsal fin origin above or slightly behind anal fin origin; ‫العين‬ ‫العين‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫ثعلب‬ ‫ثعلب‬ Bigeye Bigeye thresher thresher anal fin slightly smaller than second dorsal fin. Body light grey on the back,‫ذنب‬ sometimes with ‫ذنب‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫ثعلب‬ ‫ثعلب‬ Thresher Thresher shark shark Atlantic Atlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark irregular dark blotches, whitish below. Viviparous, about 105 cm in TL at birth. ‫الفمالفم‬ ‫أسود‬ ‫أسود‬ ‫قط قط‬ Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark Habitat: epipelagic or benthic on continental shelf, from 10 to 900 m of depth. )‫نمر)نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ( ‫مبرقش‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫قِط قِط‬ Small-spotted Small-spotted catshark catshark Distribution: in/the Mediterranean Sea not entering into )‫نمر)نمر‬ ‫(كاتارلي‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound NursehoundAtlantic, from Morocco to Gulf of Biscay, also the Black Sea. It is also reported from Western Indian Ocean, Western Central and Eastern )‫قطاط‬ )‫قطاط‬ ( ( ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫ م‬Pacific. ‫م‬ Tope Tope shark shark )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫نجمي‬ ‫نجمي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Starry Starry smooth-hound smooth-hound shark shark )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Smooth-hound Smooth-hound َّ َّ َ )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلبق ُمطنقط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن‬ Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound Bignose Bignose shark shark ‫حاسي‬ ‫حاسي‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ق ق‬ Copper Copper shark shark )‫بومنقار‬ )‫بومنقار‬/ ‫وشة‬ / ‫وشة‬ ( ( ‫لولبي‬ ‫لولبي‬ ‫ِرشِرش‬ ‫ق ق‬ Spinner Spinner shark shark )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ ( ( ‫حريري‬ ‫حريري‬ ‫قرش‬ ‫قرش‬ Silky Silky shark shark ٙ ‫ِرش م‬ )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫حّ ل (كلب‬ٙ ‫ُكل‬ٙ ‫حّم‬ٙ ‫ِرشُك‬ ‫ق ق‬ Blacktip Blacktip shark shark

78

CR Med

rai

rias

s s

a s

us us yurus inna rmis tus

Teeth with serrated edge and concave

Very large gill slits not encircling the head

Strong keel on caudal peduncle

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Very pointed snout

Small 2nd dorsal fin

Arabic name Common english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gill shark )‫كلب أبو ستة (الدودة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark ODONTASPIDIDAE Bigeyed six-gill shark Carcharodon WSH ‫ور – (كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َث‬ Sandtiger shark carcharias, Great white )shark )‫نمر رملي (كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger shark white Jaqueton Grand EN Great SP FR AR )‫قرش أبيض كبير (قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white shark shark VU requin-blanc blanco )‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako Longfin makoAnnex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Global ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark Size: up to 650 cm in total length (TL) ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ Bigeye thresher Description: shark with evident black eyes. Blunt, conical snout; ‫ذنب‬ large‫أبو‬ and ‫ثعلب‬ Thresherspindle-shaped shark Atlantic sawtail teeth. catshark triangular saw-edged Origin of first dorsal-fin usually over the pectoral-fin inner margins. ‫الفم‬abruptly ‫ قط أسود‬white Blackmouth Caudal fin stronglycatshark falcate. Lead-grey to brown or black above, lighter on sides, and ) ‫نمر‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ‫مبرقش‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ قِط‬of Small-spotted catshark below. Black spot at rear pectoral fin base. Viviparous, very low fecundity with probable litter )‫ نمر‬/ ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ 9-14Nursehound young, about 120-150 cm in TL at birth. )‫(قطاط‬ ‫مُتسوﱢلة‬ Tope shark Habitat: epipelagic, often coastal, from the surface to at least 1300 m of depth, usually 0 - 250 m. )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب نجمي‬ Starry smooth-hound shark )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ Smooth-hound Distribution: probably cosmopolitan species in temperate cold seas.

Rare in the Atlantic, more )‫(قطاط‬ Blackspotted smooth-hound frequent in the South Africa. Present in the Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea. ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ Bignose shark ‫قِرش ُنحاسي‬ Copper shark )‫ بومنقار‬/ ‫(وشة‬ ‫قِرش لولبي‬ Spinner shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش حريري‬ Silky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫حّ ل‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫قِرش م‬ Blacktip shark

© G.H. Burgess

CR Med

79

rai i

arias as

s s

a s

us us yurus rus pinna na ormis mis tus s

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Teeth elongated not serrated, without lateral cusps at the base

1st dorsal fin origin behind to inner corner of pectoral fin

Small 2nd dorsal fin

a>b

a Very pointed snout Very large gill slits not encircling the head

b

Strong keel on caudal peduncle Pectoral fin shorter than head

Arabic Arabic name name Common Common english english name name ‫سبعة‬ ‫سبعة‬ ‫أبوأبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gill seven-gill shark shark © F. Serena )‫الدودة‬ )‫الدودة‬ ( (‫ستةستة‬ ‫أبوأبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Bluntnose Bluntnose six-gill six-gill shark shark Bigeyed Bigeyed six-gill six-gill shark shark LAMNIDAE )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ ( ( ‫ورور‬ ‫ِرشَث ال َث‬ ‫ِرش ال‬ ‫الق الق‬ Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark Isurus oxyrinchus, Shortfin mako – SMA )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫رملي (كلب‬ ‫رملي‬ ‫نمرنمر‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark )‫كبير‬ )‫كبير‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ( (‫كبير‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Great Great white white shark shark Shortfin mako ENShortfin FR Requin-taupe bleue AR)‫زرقايا‬ )‫زرقايا‬ ( ( ‫زرقايا‬ ‫زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako mako SP Marrajo dentuso VU Longfin Longfin mako mako ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle Porbeagle SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: Rec. 07-06; Rec. 10-06, ‫طوبة‬ Rec. 14-06 Global GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫الة الة‬ ‫كوسج‬ ‫كوسج‬ ّ‫رحّرح‬ Basking Basking shark shark ‫العين‬ ‫العين‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫ثعلب‬ ‫ثعلب‬ Bigeye Bigeye thresher thresher Size: up to 450 cm in total length (TL) ‫ذنبذنب‬ ‫أبوأبو‬ ‫ثعلب‬ ‫ثعلب‬ Thresher Thresher shark shark Description: Spindle-shaped shark with large black eyes, a sharp snout. Large, narrow, hooked Atlantic Atlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark ‫الفم‬ ‫أسود‬ ‫أسود‬ ‫قطقط‬Dark Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark teeth with smooth edges without cusplets. Caudal fin lunate, lower lobe strongly‫الفم‬ developed. ) ‫نمر‬ ) ‫نمر‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ( ‫مبرقش‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫قِطق‬ Small-spotted Small-spotted catshark catshark blue above, white below. Very small second dorsal and anal fins. Viviparous, litter of 4-16‫ِط‬young, )‫نمر‬ )‫نمر‬/ ‫(كاتارلي‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound Nursehound 60-70 cm in TL at birth. )‫قطاط‬ )‫قطاط‬ ( ( ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫م م‬ Tope Tope shark shark Habitat: coastal and oceanic, from the surface or down to at least 600 m, usually between 50-150 )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫نجمي‬ ‫نجمي‬ ‫كلب‬ ‫كلب‬ Starry Starry smooth-hound smooth-hound shark shark m of depth. )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Smooth-hound Smooth-hound َ ‫كلبَن َّق ُم‬ )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫طن َّقط‬ ‫كلب ُم‬ Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound Distribution: cosmopolitan species in temperate and tropical seas, included the Mediterranean Bignose shark shark butBignose not the Black Sea. ‫حاسي‬ ‫حاسي‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ق ق‬ Copper Copper shark shark )‫بومنقار‬ )‫بومنقار‬/ ‫وشة‬ / ‫وشة‬ ( ( ‫لولبي‬ ‫لولبي‬ ‫ِرشِرش‬ ‫ق ق‬ Spinner Spinner shark shark )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ ( ( ‫حريري‬ ‫حريري‬ ‫قرش‬ ‫قرش‬ Silky Silky shark shark )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫حّ ل (كلب‬ٙ ‫ُكل‬ٙ ‫حّم‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ‫ِرش‬ ‫ِرش م‬ ‫ق ق‬ Blacktip Blacktip shark shark

80

CR Med

Small 2nd dorsal fin Very pointed snout

a

Very large gill slits not encircling the head

Teeth elongated not serrated, without lateral cusps at the base

a=b

Strong keel on caudal peduncle

b

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Pectoral fin about as long as the head

Š NOAA Observer programme

LAMNIDAE

Isurus paucus, Longfin mako â&#x20AC;&#x201C; LMA EN Longfin mako

SP Marrajo carite

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR Petite-requin taupe

CITES: Not listed

AR NA

CMS: Appendix II

GFCM: Not listed

VU

DD

Global

Med

Size: up to 430 cm in total length (TL) Description: body fusiform with pectoral fins about as long as head or longer; snout usually narrowly and pointed. Caudal fin falcate, with a long inferior lobe. Intense blue back, white belly, with dusky markings on underside of snout. Viviparous, litter of 2-8 young, at least 97 cm in TL at birth.

Habitat: oceanic species, pelagic-epipelagic Distribution: Western and Eastern Atlantic; Western Indian and Pacific Ocean.

Remarks: the occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

81

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Teeth elongated not serrated, with lateral cusps at the base

Very large gill slits not encircling the head

1st dorsal fin origin above or anterior to inner corner of pectoral fin

Small 2nd dorsal fin

Strong keel on caudal peduncle

Arabic name Common english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gill shark )‫كلب أبو ستة (الدودة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill shark © S.P. Iglesias )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َثور‬ Sandtiger shark )‫نمر رملي (كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger shark LAMNIDAE )‫قرش أبيض كبير (قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white shark Lamna )‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako nasus, Porbeagle – POR Longfin mako EN Porbeagle SP Marrajo sardinero FR Requin-taupe AR ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle commun ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: ‫العين‬ Rec. 07-06, Rec. 15-06, Rec. 13-10 ‫ثعلب كبير‬ Bigeye thresher GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ Thresher shark Atlantic sawtail catshark Size: up to 350 cm in total length (TL) ‫قط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth catshark Description: spindle-shaped shark and stout with)‫نمر‬ large/ black long ‫كاتارلي‬eyes, ( sharp, ‫ مبرقش‬conical ‫ِط صغير‬snout, ‫ق‬ Small-spotted catshark gill slits, and small, smooth-edged, narrow teeth with cusps. Strong keels‫حرتوكة‬ on the caudal )‫نمر‬side / ‫(كاتارلي‬ Nursehound ( caudal fin; ‫لة‬ ‫مُتسوﱢ‬grey dorsally, lunatic dark Topepeduncle, shark short secondary keels on the caudal base, and a)‫قطاط‬ ‫كلب نجمي‬ Starrywhite smooth-hound sharkblotches. Viviparous, litter up to 4)‫(قطاط‬ ventrally, without young, at least 50-75 cm in TL at birth. )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ Smooth-hound Habitat: epipelagic species, coastal and oceanic, generally found in deep midwaters at 200-700 m, )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ Blackspotted smooth-hound but also occurring on the surface.

Bignose shark Distribution: Atlantic, from Morocco to Iceland and also in the Pacific and Indian Present ‫حاسي‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬Oceans. ‫ق‬ Copper shark )‫ بومنقار‬/ ‫(وشة‬ ‫قِرش لولبي‬ Spinner shark in the Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea. )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش حريري‬ Silky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫حّ ل‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫قِرش م‬ Blacktip shark

82

VU

CR

Global

Med

Small hooked teeth

Strong keel

Long gill slits encircling the head

Arabic name Common english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gill shark )‫كلب أبو ستة (الدودة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َثور‬ Sandtiger shark © M. BradaiSandtiger shark )‫نمر رملي (كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth )‫قرش أبيض كبير (قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white shark CETORHINIDAE )‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako Cetorhinus maximus, Basking shark – BSK Longfin mako ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle Basking shark EN shark SP Peregrino FR Pèlerin AR ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking VU ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ Bigeye thresher ‫ذنب‬GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫ثعلب أبو‬ Thresher shark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix I & II GFCM: Global Atlantic sawtail catshark ‫قط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth catshark Size: up to 1000 cm in total length (TL) )‫ نمر‬/ ‫قِط صغير مبرقش (كاتارلي‬ Small-spotted catshark Description: huge gill slits almost encircling the head; snout; large, sub-terminal mouth )‫ نمر‬pointed / ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound )‫(قطاط‬and lunate caudal ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬fin. ‫ م‬Blackish to very small teeth; caudal peduncle with strong lateral keels, Tope with shark )‫ (قطاط‬white blotches ‫نجمي‬under ‫ كلب‬the head and Starrygrey-brown, smooth-hound shark with large gray or bluish spots, often with irregular )‫ (قطاط‬long gestation ‫كلب ناعم‬ Smooth-hound belly. Viviparous, apparently up to 160 cm in TL at birth; probably period (3.5 years). )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ Blackspotted smooth-hound Habitat: epipelagic species, oceanic, migrating towards the coast in spring and summer.

Bignose shark ‫ِرش ُنحاسي‬ ‫ ق‬Black Sea. Distribution: cosmopolitan species, present in the Mediterranean but absent in the Copper shark )‫ بومنقار‬/ ‫(وشة‬ ‫قِرش لولبي‬ Spinner shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش حريري‬ Silky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫حّ ل‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫قِرش م‬ Blacktip shark

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Very long snout

EN Med

83

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Distinctive deep grove on head

Keel on caudal peduncle absent

Caudal upper lobe very long Large eyes First dorsal fin closer to pelvic fins than to pectoral fins

Dark-gray belly

Arabic name Common english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gill shark )‫كلب أبو ستة (الدودة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َثور‬ Sandtiger shark )‫نمر رملي (كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger shark © S. Chow )‫قرش أبيض كبير (قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white shark )‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako ALOPIIDAE Longfin mako Alopias superciliosus, Bigeye thresher – BTH ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark thresher EN Bigeye SP Zorro ojón FR Renard à gros yeux AR ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ Bigeye thresher VU ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ Thresher shark Atlantic sawtail catshark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: Rec. 09-07; Rec 13-10 Global GFCM: Not listed ‫الفم‬ ‫أسود‬ ‫قط‬ Blackmouth catshark )‫ نمر‬/ ‫قِط صغير مبرقش (كاتارلي‬ Small-spotted catshark Size: up to 480 cm in total length (TL) )‫ نمر‬/ ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound Description: with ‫(قطاط‬side; snout long ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫ م‬eyes Tope shark nape with a deep and long horizontal groove on )each )‫(قطاط‬fin further back ‫نجمي‬than ‫ كلب‬in other very large.

Broad caudal tip, curved tipped pectoral fins; 1st dorsal Starry smooth-hound shark )‫(قطاط‬ Smooth-hound threshers. Back dark blue to purplish-grey, belly cream to grey.

Viviparous, litter‫ناعم‬ up ‫كلب‬ to 2 young, َّ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ُم َنقط‬ Blackspotted up to 100-130smooth-hound cm in TL at birth.

Bignose shark Habitat: epipelagic species, oceanic and coastal in temperate and tropical waters, from the ‫قِرش ُنحاسي‬ Copper shark surface to 1000 m of depth. )‫ بومنقار‬/ ‫(وشة‬ ‫قِرش لولبي‬ Spinner shark ‫ (كلب‬in the ‫حريري‬ ‫قرش‬ Silky shark Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Increasingly)‫بحر‬ Distribution: occurring Mediterranean ٙ ٙ )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قِرش مُكحّ ل‬ Blacktip shark but not in the Black Sea.

84

EN Med

Caudal upper lobe very long Forehead without groves deep grove

Keel on caudal peduncle absent

White belly

Small eyes

Arabic name Common english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gill shark )‫كلب أبو ستة (الدودة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َثور‬ Sandtiger shark )‫نمر رملي (كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger shark )‫قرش أبيض كبير (قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white shark © F. Serena )‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako Longfin mako ALOPIIDAE ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle Alopias vulpinus, Thresher shark – ALV ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ Bigeye thresher EN Thresher SP Zorro FR Renard de mer AR ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ Thresher sharkshark VU Atlantic sawtail catshark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: ‫أسود‬Rec ‫قط‬13-10 Global Blackmouth catsharkAnnex III CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: Rec‫الفم‬09-07; GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 )‫ نمر‬/ ‫قِط صغير مبرقش (كاتارلي‬ Small-spotted catshark )‫ نمر‬/ ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound Size: up to 600 cm in total length (TL) )‫(قطاط‬ ‫مُتسوﱢلة‬ Tope shark Description: nape without short, small eyes, curved, ‫نجمي‬ ‫ كلب‬narrowStarry smooth-hound shark deep horizontal grooves; snout)‫(قطاط‬ tipped pectoral fins, white patch over pectoral fin bases. Brown, )‫(قطاط‬grey, blue-grey, ‫ ناعم‬or ‫كلب‬blackish on Smooth-hound st َّ َ back and underside of snout, white below; 1 dorsal fin well ahead. Viviparous, )‫(قطاط‬ ‫ ُمنقط‬litter ‫ كلب‬up to 2-4 Blackspotted smooth-hound Bignose shark young, up to 120 cm in TL at birth. ‫قِرش ُنحاسي‬ Copper shark Habitat: epipelagic species, oceanic and coastal in temperate and tropical waters, from the )‫ بومنقار‬/ ‫(وشة‬ ‫قِرش لولبي‬ Spinner shark surface to 400 m of depth. )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش حريري‬ Silky shark Distribution: in the Mediterranean.

Recently ‫(كلب‬ ‫حّ ل‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫ِرش م‬ ‫ق‬ Blacktip shark Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Common)‫بحر‬

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

First dorsal fin closer to pectoral fins than to pelvic fins

EN Med

a specimen was found just outside the Bosphorus Channel.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

85

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Up to 10 black spots on the back

Labial furrows dark Mouth dark

1-2 black lines along lower lobe of the caudal fin

Ventral side of head

© J. Rey

PENTANCHIDAE

Galeus atlanticus, Atlantic sawtail catshark – GHA EN Atlantic sawtail catshark

SP Pintarroja atlántica

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR Chien atlantique

CITES: Not listed

AR NA

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

NT

NT

Global

Med

Size: up to 47 cm in total length (TL) Description: body slender; moderately long, flattened snout. First dorsal fin over the latter portion of the pelvic fin bases. 2nd dorsal fin over the posterior portion of the anal fin base. Both dorsal fins are angular and similar in size. Tailing margin of the caudal fin with 1-2 black lines along lower lobe, as is interior of mouth. The inside of the furrows at the corners of the mouth are dark, in contrast to G. melastomus where they are light. Oviparous with short hatching period.

Habitat: from continental slope at 300-800 m of depth.

Distribution: North Eastern Atlantic, from Spanish coasts to Morocco. It occurs also in the Mediterranean but is restricted to the Alboran Sea. Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

86

Up to 20 black spots on the back

Labial furrows light

No black lines along lower lobe of the caudal fin

Mouth dark Ventral side of head

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Arabic name Common english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gill shark )‫كلب أبو ستة (الدودة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َثور‬ Sandtiger shark )‫نمر رملي (كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger shark )‫قرش أبيض كبير (قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white shark )‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako Longfin mako © F. Serena ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark PENTANCHIDAE ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ Bigeye thresher melastomus, Blackmouth catshark – SHO ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ ThresherGaleus shark Atlantic sawtail catshark EN Blackmouth SP Pintarroja FR Chien espagnol AR ‫قط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth catshark LC LC catshark bocanegra )‫ نمر‬/ ‫قِط صغير مبرقش (كاتارلي‬ Small-spotted catshark ‫(كاتارلي‬ Nursehound SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed )‫نمر‬ CMS:/Not listed GFCM: Not‫حرتوكة‬ listed Global Med )‫(قطاط‬ ‫مُتسوﱢلة‬ Tope shark )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب نجمي‬ Starry smooth-hound shark Size: up to 90 cm in total length (TL) )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ Smooth-hound Description: body slender; moderately long, flattened)‫(قطاط‬ snout. First dorsal over the latter ‫ َن َّقط‬fin ‫كلب ُم‬ Blackspotted smooth-hound nd Bignose portion shark of the pelvic fin bases. 2 dorsal fin over the posterior portion of the anal fin base. ‫ِرش ُنحاسي‬ ‫ق‬ Copper shark Both dorsal fins are angular and similar in size. Tailing margin of the caudal fin black, as is interior )‫بومنقار‬ ‫ (وشة‬light. ‫لولبي‬ ‫ قِرش‬spawning all Spinner of shark mouth. The inside of the furrows at the corners of the /mouth Oviparous, ‫قرش حريري‬ Silky shark year round, with a peak in the spring and summer. )‫(كلب بحر‬ )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫حّ ل‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫قِرش م‬ Blacktip shark Habitat: from continental slope at 200-1200 m of depth, occasionally on continental shelf before 200 m.

Distribution: Atlantic, from the Faroes islands to Senegal. Occur also in the Mediterranean but not in the north Adriatic. No present in the Black Sea. Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

87

rai

arias as

s s

a s

us us rus yurus pinna na mis ormis tus

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Long eye, dorsal position

Numerous small dots

2nd dorsal fin origin behind posterior end of anal fin base

Nassal flaps joined in middle

Ventral side of head

Arabic Arabic name name Common Common english english name name ‫سبعةسبعة‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gill seven-gill shark shark ) ‫الدودة‬ ) ‫الدودة‬ ( ( ‫ستة‬ ‫ستة‬ ‫أبو‬ ‫أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Bluntnose Bluntnose six-gill six-gill shark shark Bigeyed Bigeyed six-gill six-gill shark shark )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ ( ( ‫ور َثور‬ ‫ِرش ال‬ ‫ِرش ال َث‬ ‫الق الق‬ Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫رملي (كلب‬ ‫رملي‬ ‫نمرنمر‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark )‫كبير‬ )‫كبير‬ ‫ٔبيضٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ( (‫كبيركبير‬ ‫ٔبيضٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Great Great white white shark shark )‫زرقايا‬ )‫زرقايا‬ ( ( ‫زرقايا‬ ‫زرقايا‬ Shortfin Shortfin mako mako Longfin Longfin mako mako © F. Serena ‫طوبة‬ ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle Porbeagle ‫الة‬ ‫الة‬ ‫كوسج‬ ‫كوسج‬ ّ‫رح‬ ّ‫رح‬ Basking Basking shark shark ‫العينالعين‬ ‫كبيركبير‬ ‫ثعلبثعلب‬ Bigeye Bigeye thresher thresher SCYLIORHINIDAE ‫ذنبذنب‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫ثعلبثعلب‬ Thresher Thresher shark shark Scyliorhinus canicula, Small-spotted catshark – SYC Atlantic Atlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark ‫الفم الفم‬ ‫أسودأسود‬ ‫قط قط‬ Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark Small-spotted Pintarroja ENSmall-spotted SPcatshark FR Petite roussette AR )‫نمر)نمر‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ( ‫مبرقش‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫قِط قِط‬ Small-spotted catshark LC catshark )‫نمر)نمر‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound Nursehound )‫قطاط‬ )‫قطاط‬ ( listed ( ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫ م م‬Global Tope Tope shark shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫نجمي‬ ‫نجمي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Starry Starry smooth-hound smooth-hound shark shark )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Smooth-hound Smooth-hound Size: up to 100 cm in total length TL (60 cm in Mediterranean). )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫طم َن َّقط‬ ُ ‫كلب َّق‬ ‫كلب ُم َن‬ Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound Description: snout Bignose Bignose shark sharkshort; the. Upper labial furrows absent, interior nasal flap pointed. Origin of second dorsal fin over the hind end of anal fin base. dorsal surface sandy or brown, covered ‫حاسي‬ ‫حاسي‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ق ق‬by Copper Copper shark shark ) ‫بومنقار‬ ) ‫بومنقار‬ / ‫وشة‬ / ‫وشة‬ ( ( ‫لولبي‬ ‫لولبي‬ ‫ِرش‬ ‫ِرش‬ ‫ق ق‬a Spinner Spinner shark shark numerous small dark spots; ventral side cream. Oviparous, spawning all around the year with )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫كلب‬for ‫كلب‬ ( the ( ‫حريري‬ ‫حريري‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ Silky Silky shark peak onshark June - July on muddy bottoms at about 200 m depth. Fecundity northeast Atlantic ٙ ٙ ٙ ٙ )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِرش‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِرش‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ق‬ ّ‫ح‬ ّ‫ح‬ Blacktip Blacktip shark shark to be at around 29-62 pups. Hatched pups are about 8-10 cm in total length.

Habitat: soft bottoms of the continental shelf and upper slope up to 400 m depth.

Distribution: Atlantic coasts from Norway to Senegal; all around the Mediterranean including the Black Sea. Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

88

LC Med

arias

s us

a s

us us yurus pinna ormis tus

2nd dorsal fin origin before or above posterior end of anal fin base

Ventral side of head

Arabic name Arabic name CommonCommon english name english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gillseven-gill shark shark )‫ستة (الدودة‬ )‫الدودة‬ ‫كلب أبو ستةكلب( أبو‬ BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill shark six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill Bigeyed shark six-gill shark )‫وربحر) (كلب بحر‬ ‫كلب‬ ‫القِرش ال َثورالقِرش( ال َث‬ SandtigerSandtiger shark shark )‫رمليبحر) (كلب بحر‬ ‫نمر رملي نمر(كلب‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth SandtigerSandtiger shark shark )‫كبير)أبيض كبير‬ ‫ٔبيضقرش‬ ( ‫كبير‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ( ‫كبير ا‬ ‫قرش أبيضقرش‬ Great white Great shark white shark )‫زرقايا (زرقايا) (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako Shortfin mako Longfin mako Longfin mako ‫طوبة‬ ‫طوبة‬ PorbeaglePorbeagle © F. Serena ‫كوسج رحّ الةكوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark Basking shark ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ Bigeye thresher Bigeye thresher ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ ThresherThresher shark shark SCYLIORHINIDAE Atlantic sawtail Atlanticcatshark sawtail catshark Scyliorhinus stellaris, Nursehound – SYT ‫قط أسود الفمقط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark )‫ نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ )‫ (نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ ‫صغير (مبرقش‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫قِط صغير قِط‬ Small-spotted Small-spotted catshark catshark EN Nursehound FR Grande roussette )‫ نمر‬/AR‫(كاتارلي‬ )‫ نمر‬/ ‫حرتوكة حرتوكة (كاتارلي‬ Nursehound Nursehound SP Alitán NT )‫مُتسوﱢلة مُتسوﱢلة (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Tope shark Tope shark )‫(قطاط‬GFCM: )‫(قطاط‬ ‫ كلب نجمي كلب نجمي‬Global SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed shark CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed Not listed Starry smooth-hound Starry smooth-hound shark )‫كلب ناعم كلب ناعم (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Smooth-hound Smooth-hound )‫كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب ُم َن َّقط (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound Size: up to 170 cm in total length (TL) Bignose shark Bignose shark Description: stubby catshark with snout short, large and small black spots and sometimes ‫حاسي‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫حاسي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬white ‫ق‬ Copper shark Copper shark spots on the sides flaps do )‫ بومنقار‬nasal / )‫وشة‬ ‫بومنقار‬ ( /that ‫وشة‬ ‫لولبي‬ ( not ‫ِرش‬reach ‫ لولبي ق‬the ‫قِرش‬ Spinner shark Spinner sharkof the body and the back. Small anterior )‫بحر‬end ‫كلب‬of( )the ‫حريريبحر‬ ‫(كلب‬fin‫قرش‬ ‫حريري‬ ‫قرش‬ Silky mouth. shark Silky shark Origin of the second dorsal fin forward the posterior anal base.

Oviparous, ٙ ٙ ٙ ٙ )‫(كلب بحر) (كلب بحر‬ ‫قِرش مُكحّ لقِرش مُكحّ ل‬ Blacktip Blacktip shark 16 cm. size shark at hatching about

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

rai

Long eye, dorsolateral position

Medium large blotches and dots

NT Med

Habitat: hard bottoms of the coast from shallow waters to outer edge of the continental shelf (200 m of depth) and beyond.

Distribution: Atlantic coasts from Southern Scandinavia to Senegal; all around the Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea. Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

89

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

2nd dorsal fin notably smaller than 1st Snout relatively long and conical

Lower lobe long

Arabic name Arabic name Common Common english name english name ‫كلب أبو سبعةكلب أبو سبعة‬ SharpnoseSharpnose seven-gill seven-gill shark shark )‫ستة (الدودة‬ )‫الدودة‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ ( ‫كلب أبو ستة‬ BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill shark six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill Bigeyed shark six-gill shark )‫كلبوربحر) (كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َثورالقِرش( ال َث‬ SandtigerSandtiger shark shark )‫بحر) (كلب بحر‬ ‫رملي‬ ‫نمر رملي نمر(كلب‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth SandtigerSandtiger shark shark )‫قرش) أبيض كبير‬ ‫ٔبيض( كبير‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ( ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white Great shark white shark )‫زرقايا) (زرقايا‬ ‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako Shortfin mako Longfin mako Longfin mako ‫طوبة‬ ‫طوبة‬ PorbeaglePorbeagle ‫كوسج رحّ الةكوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark Basking shark © F. Serena ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ Bigeye thresher Bigeye thresher ‫ثعلب أبو ذنبثعلب أبو ذنب‬ Thresher Thresher shark shark Atlantic sawtail Atlantic catshark sawtail catshark TRIAKIDAE ‫قط أسود الفمقط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark Galeorhinus galeus, Tope shark – GAG )‫ نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ )‫ (نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ ‫صغير (مبرقش‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫قِط صغير قِط‬ Small-spotted Small-spotted catshark catshark )‫ نمر‬/ ‫(كاتارلي‬ )‫ نمر‬/ ‫حرتوكة حرتوكة (كاتارلي‬ Nursehound Nursehound Tope shark EN shark SP Cazón FR Requin-hâ )‫(قطاط‬AR )‫مُتسوﱢلة (قطاط‬ ‫مُتسوﱢلة‬ Tope shark Tope VU VU )‫كلب نجمي كلب نجمي (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Starry smooth-hound Starry smooth-hound shark shark ‫ كلب ناعم كلب‬Global Med SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS:)‫(قطاط‬ Not listed )‫(قطاط‬ GFCM:‫ناعم‬ GFCM/42/2018/2 Smooth-hound Smooth-hound َّ َ )‫كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب ُمنقط (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound Bignose shark Bignose shark Size: up to 160 cm, more rarely 195 cm in total length (TL) ‫قِرش ُنحاسيقِرش ُنحاسي‬ Copper shark Copper shark nd Description: and/ small dorsal )‫بومنقار‬ ‫وشة‬ )‫بومنقار‬ ( blade-like / ‫وشة‬ ‫لولبي‬ ( teeth; ‫ قِرش‬2‫لولبي‬ ‫ قِرش‬fin smaller Spinner shark Spinner shark long and pointed snout, large mouth st then 1 and about as large as anal. Lower caudal lobe long From grey to brown on )‫بحر‬as‫كلب‬ ( )as ‫بحر‬rest ‫حريري‬ ‫كلب‬of( fin. ‫قرش‬ ‫حريري‬ ‫قرش‬ Silky sharkSilky shark ٙ ٙ ٙ ٙ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِرش‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِرش‬ ّ‫ح‬ ّ‫ح‬ Blacktip shark Blacktip shark the back, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 45 young, common 25-35; pups born up to‫ق‬35 cm in TL. Habitat: benthopelagic species, from surface to 500, exceptionally up to 1000 m of depth.

Distribution: world-wide in temperate waters included the Mediterranean.

90

White spots

2nd dorsal fin quite similar to 1st as dimension

Angled

Ventral side of head

Arabic Arabic name name CommonCommon english name english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gillseven-gill shark shark )‫ستة (الدودة‬ )‫الدودة‬ ‫كلب (أبو‬ ‫كلب أبو ستة‬ Bluntnose Bluntnose six-gill shark six-gill shark Bigeyed Bigeyed six-gill shark six-gill shark )‫ور بحر)(كلب بحر‬ ‫ورقِرش (ال َثكلب‬ ‫القِرش ال َث ال‬ Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark )‫رمليبحر)(كلب بحر‬ ‫نمر رملي نمر(كلب‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark )‫كبيرا)ٔبيض كبير‬ ‫ٔبيضقرش‬ ( ‫كبير‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ( ‫كبيرا‬ ‫قرش أبيضقرش‬ Great white Great shark white shark )‫زرقايا) (زرقايا‬ ‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin Shortfin mako mako Longfin mako Longfin mako ‫طوبة‬ ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle Porbeagle ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark Basking shark ‫العين كبير العين‬ ‫ثعلب كبير ثعلب‬ Bigeye thresher Bigeye thresher © S.P. Iglesias ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ ThresherThresher shark shark Atlantic Atlantic sawtail catshark sawtail catshark ‫قط أسود الفم‬ ‫قط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth Blackmouth catsharkcatshark TRIAKIDAE )‫ نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ )‫ ( نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ( ‫صغير‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫قِط صغير قِط‬ Small-spotted Small-spotted catsharkcatshark Mustelus asterias, Starry)‫نمر‬ smooth-hound shark – SDS / ‫(كاتارلي‬ )‫ نمر‬/ ‫حرتوكة (كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound Nursehound )‫مُتسوﱢلة مُتسوﱢلة (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Tope shark Tope shark smoothMusola EN Starry FR Émissole )‫(قطاط‬ AR )‫كلب نجميكلب نجمي (قطاط‬ Starry smooth-hound Starry smooth-hound shark SPshark LC hound shark estrellada tachetée )‫كلب ناعم كلب ناعم (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Smooth-hound Smooth-hound )‫(قطاط‬ ‫ كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب ُم َن َّقط‬Global Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed )‫(قطاط‬ GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Bignose Bignose shark shark ‫حاسيِرش ُنحاسي‬ ‫قِرش ُن ق‬ Copper shark Copper shark Size: up to 140 cm in total length (TL) )‫ بومنقار‬/)‫بومنقار‬ ‫ (وشة‬/ ‫وشة‬ ‫لولبي‬ ( ‫قِرش لولبيقِرش‬ Spinner Spinner shark shark )‫بحر‬ ‫كلب‬lowers. ()‫حريري بحر‬ ‫كلب‬ ( ‫قرش‬ ‫ قرش حريري‬Dorsal Description: than Teeth asymmetrical.

Silky shark Silky shark snout rounded; upper labial folds longer ٙ ‫ِرش م‬ )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫حّ ل‬ٙ ‫ُك‬on ‫ ق‬back, ‫ ق‬white ّ‫ح‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫ِرش م‬ Blacktip Blacktip shark shark fins similar in size; notch on upper caudal lobe large.)‫بحر‬ Grey‫(كلب‬ to brownish the‫ل‬ with

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Lower lobe short

VU Med

spots, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 20 young, pups born up to 30 cm in TL. Habitat: coastal species in temperate waters from the surface to 350 m deep.

Distribution: Atlantic, from North Sea to Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

91

rai

rias

s s

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IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Skin uniformly gray without spots

1st dorsal fin slightly bigger than 2nd

Ventral side of head Lower lobe short

Arabic name Arabic name CommonCommon english name english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gillseven-gill shark shark )‫ستة (الدودة‬ )‫الدودة‬ ‫كلب أبو ستةكلب( أبو‬ BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill shark six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill Bigeyed shark six-gill shark )‫وربحر) (كلب بحر‬ ‫كلب‬ ‫القِرش ال َثورالقِرش( ال َث‬ SandtigerSandtiger shark shark )‫رمليبحر) (كلب بحر‬ ‫نمر رملي نمر(كلب‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth SandtigerSandtiger shark shark ) ‫كبير‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫ا‬ ) ‫كبير‬ ‫قرش‬ ( ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫ا‬ ‫قرش‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ( ‫كبير ا‬ ‫قرش أبيضقرش‬ Great white Great shark white shark )‫زرقايا (زرقايا) (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako Shortfin mako Longfin mako Longfin mako ‫طوبة‬ ‫طوبة‬ PorbeaglePorbeagle ‫كوسج رحّ الةكوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark Basking shark ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ Bigeye thresher Bigeye thresher ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ ThresherThresher shark shark © F. Serena Atlantic sawtail Atlanticcatshark sawtail catshark ‫قط أسود الفمقط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark )‫ نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ )‫ (نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ ‫صغير (مبرقش‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫قِط صغير قِط‬ Small-spotted Small-spotted catshark catshark TRIAKIDAE )‫ نمر‬/ ‫(كاتارلي‬ )‫ نمر‬/ ‫حرتوكة حرتوكة (كاتارلي‬ Nursehound Nursehound )‫–قطاط‬ ( SMD )‫مُتسوﱢلة مُتسوﱢلة (قطاط‬ TopeMustelus shark Tope shark mustelus, Smooth-hound )‫كلب نجمي كلب نجمي (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Starry smooth-hound Starry smooth-hound shark shark EN Smooth-hound FR Émissole lisse)‫(قطاط‬AR )‫كلب ناعم كلب ناعم (قطاط‬ Smooth-hound Smooth-houndSP Musola VU )‫كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب ُم َن َّقط (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Global Bignose shark Bignose sharkAnnex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 ُ ُ ‫حاسيِرش نحاسي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫قِرش ن‬ Copper shark Copper shark )‫ بومنقار‬/ )‫وشة‬ ‫بومنقار‬ ( / ‫وشة‬ ‫لولبي‬ ( ‫قِرش لولبي قِرش‬ Spinner shark Spinner shark Size: up to 200 cm in total length (TL) )‫حريريبحر) (كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش (كلب‬ ‫قرش حريري‬ Silky shark Silky shark ٙ ٙ Description: than‫(كلب‬ lowers. )‫بحر‬Teeth ‫(كلب‬ ‫ُكحّ ل‬asymmetrical. ‫حّ لقِرش م‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫ِرش م‬Gill ‫ق‬ Blacktip shark Blacktip snout sharkrounded; upper labial furrows longer)‫بحر‬ slits almost equal in length. Dorsal fins similar in shape, the second is slightly smaller. Origin of the 1st dorsal fin over free rear pectoral tip; upper caudal lobe large with a notch. Back uniformly grey or brownish, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 4-17 young, pups born up to about 40 cm in TL. Habitat: coastal demersal species. From the surface to about 600 m of the depth Distribution: Atlantic, from the British Isles to South Africa, included the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

92

VU Med

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s s

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us s yurus inna rmis us

Black spots on the back

Ventral side of head english name Arabic Arabic name name CommonCommon english name Lower lobe short ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gillseven-gill shark shark )‫الدودة‬ ‫كلب أبو ستة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark )‫ستة (الدودة‬ ‫كلب (أبو‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark six-gill shark Bigeyed Bigeyed six-gill shark ‫ورقِرش (ال َثكلب‬ Sandtiger )‫ور بحر)(كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َث ال‬ Sandtiger shark shark ‫نمر رملي نمر(كلب‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger )‫رمليبحر)(كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger shark shark ‫قرش ا‬ ( ‫كبيرا‬ Great white shark )‫كبيرا)ٔبيض كبير‬ ‫ٔبيضقرش‬ ( ‫كبير‬ ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫قرش أبيضقرش‬ Great white shark )‫زرقايا) (زرقايا‬ ‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin Shortfin mako mako Longfin mako Longfin mako ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark Bigeye thresher ‫العين كبير العين‬ ‫ثعلب كبير ثعلب‬ Bigeye thresher ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ ThresherThresher shark shark sawtail catshark Atlantic Atlantic sawtail catshark ‫قط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth ‫قط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth catsharkcatshark © F. Serena )‫ ( نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ‫صغير‬ ‫مبرقش‬ Small-spotted )‫ نمر‬/ ‫كاتارلي‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫قِط صغير قِط‬ Small-spotted catsharkcatshark )‫ نمر‬/ ‫حرتوكة حرتوكة (كاتارلي‬ Nursehound )‫ نمر‬/ ‫(كاتارلي‬ Nursehound TRIAKIDAE Tope shark )‫مُتسوﱢلة مُتسوﱢلة (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Tope shark Mustelus punctulatus, smooth-hound MPT )‫كلب –نجميكلب نجمي (قطاط‬ Starry smooth-hound )‫(قطاط‬ Starry smooth-hound shark shark Blackspotted Smooth-hound )‫كلب ناعم كلب ناعم (قطاط) (قطاط‬ Smooth-hound EN Blackspotted SP Musola primienta FR Émissole pointillée AR )‫م َن َّقط (قطاط‬ Blackspotted smooth-hound )‫(قطاط‬ ُ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب‬ Blackspotted smooth-hound DD VU smooth-hound Bignose shark Bignose shark ‫ق‬ Copper sharkAnnex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Global Med ‫حاسيِرش ُنحاسي‬ ‫ِرش ُن ق‬ Copper shark ( ‫قِرش لولبيقِرش‬ Spinner shark )‫ بومنقار‬/)‫بومنقار‬ ‫ (وشة‬/ ‫وشة‬ ‫لولبي‬ Spinner shark ‫قرش (كلب‬ ‫قرش حريري‬ Silky shark )‫حريري بحر)(كلب بحر‬ Silky shark Size: up to 190 cm in total length (TL) ٙ )‫(كلب بحر)(كلب بحر‬ ‫ُكحّ ل‬ٙ ‫حّ قلِرش م‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫قِرش م‬ Blacktip Blacktip shark shark

Description: snout rounded; upper labial folds longer than lowers. Teeth asymmetrical. Dorsal

fins similar in shape with dark posterior edge, the second is slightly smaller. Back uniformly grey or brownish with small dark blotches, white belly. Viviparous, pups born up to 30-43 cm in TL. Habitat: coastal species with benthic habits on the continental shelf up to 200 m depth.

Distribution: Atlantic, from Morocco to Southern Portugal. Also in the Mediterranean.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

93

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

rai

Dorsal fins similar in shape

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Interdorsal ridge present and high

1st dorsal fin origin over or in front of pectoral fin intersection

Snout moderetely long, pointed or rounded

Pectoral fins large

© R. Bonfil

CARCHARHINIDAE

Carcharhinus altimus, Bignose shark – CCA EN Bignose shark

SP Tiburón baboso

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR Requin babosse

CITES: Not listed

CMS: Not listed

AR NA

GFCM: Not listed

DD

DD

Global

Med

Size: up to 300 cm in total length (TL) Description: heavily body with a long and broad snout, high triangular, saw-edged upper teeth without cusplets; moderately high and prominent Interdorsal ridge. Origin of the 1st dorsal fin over or in front of the axil. Light grey on the back, sometimes bronzy, white belly with no conspicuous markings. Viviparous, litter up to 3-15 young, pups born probably up to 70-90 cm in TL. Habitat: common in offshore and in warm-temperate and tropical waters, usually near of the edge of the continental and insular shelves, between 90 - 430 m and beyond.

Distribution: Circumglobal species, irregular records in tropical and warm seas, included the Mediterranean with very few data.

Remarks: Its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

94

Interdorsal ridge absent

Arabic name Common english name ‫كلب أبو سبعة‬ Sharpnose seven-gill shark )‫كلب أبو ستة (الدودة‬ Bluntnose six-gill shark Bigeyed six-gill shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫القِرش ال َثور‬ Sandtiger shark )‫نمر رملي (كلب بحر‬ Smalltooth Sandtiger shark )‫قرش أبيض كبير (قرش أبيض كبير‬ Great white shark )‫زرقايا (زرقايا‬ Shortfin mako Longfin mako ‫طوبة‬ Porbeagle ‫كوسج رحّ الة‬ Basking shark ‫ثعلب كبير العين‬ Bigeye thresher ‫ثعلب أبو ذنب‬ Thresher shark Atlantic sawtail catshark ‫قط أسود الفم‬ Blackmouth catshark ) ‫نمر‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ‫مبرقش‬ ‫قِط صغير‬ Small-spotted catshark )‫ نمر‬/ ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound© C. Duffy )‫(قطاط‬ ‫مُتسوﱢلة‬ Tope shark )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب نجمي‬ Starry smooth-hound shark CARCHARHINIDAE )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ Smooth-hound brachyurus, Copper shark – BRO )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ BlackspottedCarcharhinus smooth-hound Bignose shark SP Tiburón cobrizo FR Requin cuivre AR ‫قِرش ُنحاسي‬ Copper sharkEN Copper shark NT ) ‫بومنقار‬ / ‫وشة‬ ( ‫قِرش لولبي‬ Spinner shark )‫بحر‬Not‫كلب‬ ( ‫حريري‬Not ‫قرش‬ Silky shark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: listed GFCM: listed Global )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫حّ ل‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫قِرش م‬ Blacktip shark

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

1st dorsal fin origin over or little ahead the rear free tip of pectoral fin

DD Med

Size: up to 325 cm in total length (TL) Description: large shark with snout moderately long, rounded or bluntly pointed; no interdorsal ridge. Viviparous, litter up to 7-20 young, pups born probably up to 59-70 cm in TL. Habitat: coastal species but also offshore in warm-temperate waters, from the surface to at least 100 m depth.

Distribution: Circumglobal species. It occurs also in the Mediterranean, all data from the Western basin.

95

lo us aimurai s x charias as s

mus osus

s mus cula aris eus s us latus imus urus achyurus nna evipinna mis ciformis mbatus s

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Snout long and pointed

1st dorsal fin origin over or little ahead the rear free tip of pectoral fin

Interdorsal ridge absent

Arabic Arabic name name Common Common english english namename ‫أبو سبعة‬ ‫سبعة‬ ‫كلب أبوكلب‬ Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gill seven-gill sharkshark )‫الدودة()الدودة‬ ‫ستةأبو (ستة‬ ‫كلب أبوكلب‬ Bluntnose Bluntnose six-gillsix-gill sharkshark Bigeyed Bigeyed six-gillsix-gill sharkshark Tip of fins lightly dark)‫كلب بحر‬ )‫وركلب (بحر‬ ( ‫ِرش ال َث‬ ‫القِرش الالق َثور‬ Sandtiger Sandtiger sharkshark except in juveniles )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫رملي‬ ‫نمر‬ ‫نمر رملي‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger sharkshark )‫ٔبيض كبير‬ )‫ٔبيض اكبير‬ ‫قرش (اقرش‬ ‫كبير‬ ( ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫ٔبيض اكبير‬ ‫قرش اقرش‬ GreatGreat whitewhite sharkshark )‫زرقايازرقايا()زرقايا‬ ( ‫زرقايا‬ Shortfin Shortfin makomako Longfin Longfin makomako ‫طوبة طوبة‬ Porbeagle Porbeagle ‫الة رحّ الة‬ ‫كوسج‬ ّ‫كوسج رح‬ Basking Basking sharkshark ‫كبير العين‬ ‫ثعلبالعين‬ ‫ثعلب كبير‬ Bigeye Bigeye thresher thresher ‫ذنبأبو ذنب‬ ‫ثعلب‬ ‫ثعلب أبو‬ Thresher Thresher sharkshark Atlantic Atlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark ‫أسود الفم‬ ‫قطالفم‬ ‫قط أسود‬ Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark )‫ نمر‬/)‫نمر‬ ‫كاتارلي‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ‫مبرقش‬ ( ‫مبرقش‬ ‫صغير صغير‬ ‫قِط قِط‬ Small-spotted Small-spotted catshark catshark )‫ نمر‬/)‫نمر‬ ‫(كاتارلي‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكةحرتوكة‬ Nursehound Nursehound © M.Tope N. Bradai )‫(قطاط)(قطاط‬ ‫مُتسوﱢلةمُتسوﱢلة‬ Tope sharkshark )‫(قطاط)(قطاط‬ ‫كلب نجمي‬ ‫كلب نجمي‬ StarryStarry smooth-hound smooth-hound sharkshark )‫(قطاط)(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ Smooth-hound Smooth-hound CARCHARHINIDAE )‫(قطاط)(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound Carcharhinus Bignose Bignose sharkshark brevipinna, Spinner shark – CCB ‫حاسي ُنحاسي‬ ‫قِرش ُنقِرش‬ Copper Copper sharkshark Spinner shark EN Spinner SP Tiburón aleta negra FR Requin tisserand )‫بومنقار‬ AR )‫بومنقار‬ / ‫(وشة‬/ ‫ِرش لولبي (وشة‬ ‫قِرش قلولبي‬ Spinner sharkshark NT )‫كلب بحر‬ )‫حريريكلب (بحر‬ ( ‫حريري‬ ‫قرش قرش‬ Silky Silky sharkshark )‫بحر‬Not ‫(كلب‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫حّ ل (كلب‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫ِرشل م‬ ‫ق‬ ّ‫ح‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫ِرش مق‬Global Blacktip Blacktip sharkshark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: listed Size: up to 280 cm in total length (TL) Description: slender shark with a long, narrow and pointed snout. Origin of the 1st dorsal fin above or behind the rear free tip of the pectoral fin. No interdorsal ridge. Grey on the back, white belly, with a conspicuous white band on each side. Viviparous, litter up to 3-20 young, pups born probably up to 60-80 cm in TL. Habitat: coastal-pelagic species in warm-temperate and tropical waters of the continental shelve, close to the coasts and offshore; from the shallow waters up to at least 100 m of depth.

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, Atlantic and Mediterranean; its presence in this sea seems limited to the North Africa coasts.

Remarks: erroneously recorded as non-native species, it is rare but indigenous of the Mediterranean.

96

NE Med

1st dorsal fin origin over or well behind rear free tip of pectoral fin

Interdorsal ridge present

Arabic Arabic name name Common Common english english name name ‫سبعةسبعة‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gill seven-gill shark shark )‫الدودة‬ )‫الدودة‬ ( ‫ستة‬ ( ‫ستة‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ Bluntnose Bluntnose six-gill six-gill shark shark Bigeyed Bigeyed six-gill six-gill shark shark Free rear tip of 2 dorsal )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ ( ( ‫ِرشورال َثور‬ ‫ِرش ال َث‬ ‫الق الق‬ Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark and anal fins very long )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫رملي‬ ‫رملي‬ ‫نمر‬ ‫نمر‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark )‫كبير)كبير‬ ‫ٔبيضٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ( ‫كبير‬ ( ‫كبير‬ ‫ٔبيضٔبيض‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Great Great white white shark shark )‫زرقايا‬ )‫زرقايا‬ ( ( ‫زرقايا‬ ‫زرقايا‬ Shortfin Shortfin mako mako Longfin Longfin mako mako ‫طوبةطوبة‬ Porbeagle Porbeagle ‫رحّ الة‬ ‫كوسجالة‬ ّ‫كوسج رح‬ Basking Basking shark shark ‫العينالعين‬ ‫كبيركبير‬ ‫ثعلبثعلب‬ Bigeye Bigeye thresher thresher ‫ذنبذنب‬ ‫ثعلب أبو‬ ‫ثعلب أبو‬ Thresher Thresher shark shark Atlantic Atlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark ‫الفم الفم‬ ‫أسودأسود‬ ‫قط قط‬ Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark )‫نمر)نمر‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ( ‫مبرقش‬ ‫مبرقش‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫قِط قِط‬ Small-spotted Small-spotted catshark catshark © R. Bonfil )‫نمر)نمر‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ Nursehound Nursehound )‫قطاط‬ )‫قطاط‬ ( ( ‫ُتسوﱢلة‬ ‫مُتسوﱢملة‬ Tope Tope shark shark )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫نجمينجمي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Starry Starry smooth-hound smooth-hound shark shark )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Smooth-hound Smooth-hound )‫(قطاط‬ )‫(قطاط‬ ‫كلبط ُم َن َّقط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّق‬ Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound CARCHARHINIDAE Bignose Bignose shark shark Carcharhinus falciformis, Silky shark – FAL ‫حاسي‬ ‫حاسي‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ِرش ُن‬ ‫ق ق‬ Copper Copper shark shark )‫بومنقار‬ )‫بومنقار‬ / ‫وشة‬ / ‫وشة‬ ( ( ‫لولبيلولبي‬ ‫ِرشِرش‬ ‫ق ق‬ Spinner Spinner shark shark Silky shark Tiburón Requin EN SP FR AR )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ ( ( ‫حريري‬ ‫حريري‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ Silky Silky shark shark jaquetón soyeux )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫حّ ل (كلب(كلب‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫حّ مل‬ٙ ‫ِرش‬ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫ِرش م‬ ‫ق ق‬ Blacktip Blacktip shark shark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed GFCM: Not listed

CITES: Appendix II

CMS: Appendix II

ICCAT: Rec. 11-08; Rec. 13-10

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

nd

VU

NE

Global

Med

Size: up to 330 cm in total length (TL) Description: large species but enough slender. Snout moderately long and rounded. 1st dorsal fin slightly falcate, with rounded apex; its origin well behind pectoral free rear tip. From greyish to brown or blackish on the back, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 2-16 young, pups born probably up to 55-87 cm in TL. Habitat: epipelagic species near the edge of continental shelves but also in open sea, generally in tropical waters. From surface up to 500 m of depth.

Distribution: circumtropical species in all oceans, including the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.

Here, with very few records in the Western basin.

97

rai

arias

s s

a s

us us yurus s pinna rmis tus

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1st dorsal fin origin over pectoral fin

Interdorsal ridge absent

Common Common english english namename Sharpnose Sharpnose seven-gill seven-gill sharkshark Bluntnose Bluntnose six-gill six-gill sharkshark Bigeyed Bigeyed six-gill six-gill sharkshark Sandtiger Sandtiger sharkshark Smalltooth Smalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger sharkshark GreatGreat whitewhite sharkshark Shortfin Shortfin makomako Longfin Longfin makomako Porbeagle Porbeagle Basking Basking sharkshark Bigeye Bigeye thresher thresher Thresher Thresher sharkshark Atlantic Atlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark Blackmouth Blackmouth catshark catshark Small-spotted Small-spotted catshark catshark Nursehound Nursehound TopeTope sharkshark Starry Starry smooth-hound smooth-hound sharkshark Smooth-hound Smooth-hound © R. Bonfil Blackspotted Blackspotted smooth-hound smooth-hound Bignose Bignose sharkshark CARCHARHINIDAE Copper Copper sharkshark Carcharhinus limbatus, Spinner Spinner sharkshark SilkySilky sharkshark shark EN Blacktip Blacktip Blacktip shark shark SP Tiburón macuira SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

Arabic Arabic name name ‫أبو سبعة‬ ‫كلبسبعة‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ )‫الدودة()الدودة‬ ‫كلبستةأبو (ستة‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ )‫كلب) بحر‬ ‫ور ال َثور(كلب (بحر‬ ‫القِرشالقال َثِرش‬ )‫بحر) بحر‬ ‫رملي رملي(كلب (كلب‬ ‫نمر نمر‬ All tips of fins black ‫كبير‬fin )‫ٔبيض‬ ‫ٔبيض اكبير‬ ‫قرش(اقرش‬ ‫كبير‬ ( ‫ٔبيض‬ ‫ٔبيض اكبير‬ ‫قرش اقرش‬ except)anal )‫زرقايا)زرقايا‬ ( ‫زرقايا‬ ( ‫زرقايا‬ ‫طوبة طوبة‬ ‫الةرحّ الة‬ ‫كوسج‬ ّ‫كوسج رح‬ ‫العين العين‬ ‫ثعلب كبير‬ ‫ثعلب كبير‬ ‫أبو ذنب‬ ‫ثعلبذنب‬ ‫ثعلب أبو‬ ‫أسود الفم‬ ‫قط الفم‬ ‫قط أسود‬ )‫) نمر‬/‫نمر‬ ‫كاتارلي‬ / ‫كاتارلي‬ ( ‫مبرقش‬ ( ‫مبرقش‬ ‫صغيرصغير‬ ‫قِط قِط‬ )‫نمر) نمر‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ / ‫(كاتارلي‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ ‫حرتوكة‬ )‫(قطاط()قطاط‬ ‫مُتسوﱢلةمُتسوﱢلة‬ )‫(قطاط)(قطاط‬ ‫نجمي نجمي‬ ‫كلب كلب‬ )‫(قطاط)(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ ‫كلب ناعم‬ )‫(قطاط)(قطاط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ ‫كلب ُم َن َّقط‬ ‫حاسيحاسي‬ ‫قِرش ُنقِرش ُن‬

Blacktip)‫بومنقار‬ shark CCL )‫بومنقار‬ / ‫–وشة‬/( ‫وشة‬ ( ‫لولبي لولبي‬ ‫قِرش قِرش‬ FR Requin bordé

CITES: Not listed

CMS: Not listed

)‫كلب) بحر‬ ‫حريري(كلب (بحر‬ ‫حريري‬ ‫قرش قرش‬ AR )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫حّ ل (كلب (كلب‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫ِرشل م‬ ّ‫ح‬ٙ ‫ُك‬ٙ ‫قِرش قم‬ GFCM: Not listed

NT

DD

Global

Med

Size: up to 255 cm in total length (TL) Description: stocky shark with a moderately long and pointed snout. Origin of the 1st dorsal fin over the pectoral fin. No interdorsal ridge. grey or grey-brown on the back, white belly. An evident white band on sides of the body; apex of the fins dark but not the 1st dorsal. Viviparous, litter up to 1-10 young, pups born probably up to 38-72 cm in TL. Habitat: pelagic species in tropical and warm-temperate waters. Occur adjacent to the continental shelves more rarely in the open sea. From the surface up to 100 m of depth.

Distribution: cosmopolitan species, just one record in the Western Mediterranean basin.

98

Apex of the fin black, contrasting with white area below

1st dorsal fin origin over pectoral free rear tips

Interdorsal ridge absent

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Evident white band on side

© J.E. Randall

CARCHARHINIDAE

Carcharhinus melanopterus, Blacktip reef shark – BLR EN Blacktip reef shark SP Tiburón de puntas negras SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR Requin pointes noires

CITES: Not listed

CMS: Not listed

AR NA

GFCM: Not listed

NT

NE

Global

Med

Size: up to 200 cm in total length (TL) Description: relatively stubby species. Snout short and rounded. Large 1st dorsal fin, with a rounded black apex, its origin usually over pectoral free rear tips. origin of second dorsal over anal origin. Viviparous, litter up to 2-4 young, pups born probably up to 33-52 cm in TL. Habitat: species of tropical area, prefers shallow water close to the coral reefs, from the surface to few metres of depth.

Distribution: Indo-Pacific species: East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands and the Tuamoto Archipelago.

North to Japan and south to Australia. Also, in the Red Sea. Remarks: Its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

99

elanopterus nopterus bscurus urus umbeus beus ier a utus acutus

ran

na

nax elolepis coelolepis ratus us na nulosus ranulosus ias le ops us ucus ata na

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1st dorsal fin origin over or slightly anterior to the pectoral free rear tips

Interdorsal ridge present

© F. Serena

CARCHARHINIDAE

Carcharhinus obscurus, Dusky shark – DUS Blacktip Blacktip reefreef shark shark

‫ٔسودٔسود‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ VU )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫رمادي (كلب(كلب‬ ‫رمادي‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ Sandbar Sandbar shark shark ‫ قرشقرش‬Global Tiger Tiger shark sharkNot listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II GFCM: Not listed ‫نمر نمر‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫ٔزرقٔزرق (كلب(كلب‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Blue Blue shark shark ‫ُقرّ منُقرّ ن‬ ‫خرطوم‬ ‫خرطوم م‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ Milk Milk shark shark Size:Scalloped upScalloped to 420 cm in total length (TL) ‫ِطرم َق َُخةرَّمم َُخرَّ م‬ hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو أمبو‬ َ َ ‫شائع‬ ‫شائع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِطر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِطر‬ Great Great hammerhead hammerhead َ َ ‫ مأبو‬1‫أبو‬ st Description: large and slender shark with snout short to moderately long and rounded. َ ‫العينين‬ ‫العينين‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ِطرقة‬ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ ‫أبو مأبو‬ Smalleye Smalleye hammerhead hammerhead َ َ dorsal fin semifalcated, its origin usually over or slightly anterior to the pectoral free rear tips. )‫بومطرقة‬ )‫بومطرقة‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ ( ( ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ Smooth Smooth hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو امٔبو‬ Interdorsal ridge present. Blue-grey, lead-grey on the back, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫كوسج‬ ‫كوسج‬ Kitefin Kitefin shark shark 3-14 young, pups born probably up to 70-100 cm in TL. ‫البطن‬ ‫البطن‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Velve Velve belly belly ‫برتغالي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬shelf Portuguese Portuguese dogfish dogfish Habitat: coastal-pelagic species. in warm temperate and tropical waters of the‫برتغالي‬ continental ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ِرشقِدراقِد‬ ‫ِرش را‬ ‫ق ق‬ Little Little sleeper shark sharkFrom the surface to 400 m depth. but also in sleeper oceanic waters. )‫نعجة‬ )‫نعجة‬ ( ( ‫البحرالبحر‬ ‫حمارحمار‬ Angular Angular rough rough shark shark Distribution: It shark is cosmopolitan, including the Mediterranean with very few records ‫عينعين‬ ‫ أبو‬in ‫كلب‬ ‫أبو‬the ‫كلب‬ Gulper Gulper shark ٙ ٙ Western basin. ‫ُر ّقط‬ٙ ‫شوكة ّق مط‬ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ Spotted Spotted spiny spiny dogfish dogfish ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫ ّنفقطاطقطاط‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫ف‬ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫ ّن‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ Longnose Longnose spurdog spurdog ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاط‬ ‫قطاط‬ Shortnose Shortnose spurdog spurdog Brambel Brambel shark shark )‫وقاص‬ )‫وقاص‬ / ‫سفن‬ / ‫سفن‬ ( ‫شوكي‬ ( ‫شوكي‬ ‫مالكمالك‬ Sawback Sawback angelshark angelshark )‫وقاص‬ )‫سفنسفنوقاص‬ ( (‫شائعشائع‬ ‫مالكمالك‬ Angelshark Angelshark shark EN Dusky Dusky Dusky shark shark SP Tiburón arenero

100

FR Requin sombre

AR )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫(كلب(كلب‬

DD Med

elanopterus nopterus bscurus urus umbeus beus er

utus acutus

an

a

nax elolepis coelolepis us atus na ranulosus ulosus as le ps us ucus ta na

1st dorsal fin tall and semi falcate 1 dorsal fin origin over the pectoral fin base st

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Interdorsal ridge present

© P. Consoli

CARCHARHINIDAE

Carcharhinus plumbeus, Sandbar shark – CCP Blacktip Blacktip reefreef shark shark

)‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫ٔسودٔسود (كلب(كلب‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫رمادي‬ ‫رمادي‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ VU ‫نمر نمر‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ Tiger Tiger shark shark )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫ٔزرقٔزرق (كلب(كلب‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫ قرش ا‬Global Blue Blue shark shark Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: SPA/BD PROTOCOL: GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫ُقرّ منُقرّ ن‬ ‫خرطوم‬ ‫خرطوم م‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ Milk Milk shark shark ‫ُخرَّمم َُخرَّ م‬ ‫ِطرم َق َة‬ Scalloped Scalloped hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو أمبو‬ Size:Great upGreat to hammerhead 300hammerhead cm in total length (TL) ‫شائعشائع‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو مأبو‬ َ َ ‫العينين‬ ‫العينين‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِطر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِطر‬ Smalleye Smalleye hammerhead hammerhead َ َ ‫أبو مأبو‬ Description: medium-sized shark with snout short and rounded. 1st dorsal fin extremely tall, َ َ ) ‫بومطرقة‬ ) ‫بومطرقة‬ ‫قرش‬ ‫قرش‬ ( ( ‫ناعم‬ ‫ناعم‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِطر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫م‬ ‫ِطر‬ Smooth Smooth hammerhead hammerhead َ َ ‫أبو امٔبو‬ triangular, semifalcate with apex rounded, its origin over or anterior to the pectoral insertions. ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫كوسج‬ ‫كوسج‬ Kitefin Kitefin shark shark Interdorsal ridge present. Grey-brown on the back, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 1-14 young, ‫البطن‬ ‫البطن‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Velve Velve belly belly pupsPortuguese born probably up to 56-75 cm in TL. ‫برتغالي‬ ‫برتغالي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Portuguese dogfish dogfish ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ِد‬ ‫ق‬ ‫را‬ ‫ِد‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِرش‬ ‫را‬ ‫ِرش‬ ‫ ق ق‬shelf Little Little sleeper sleeper shark shark Habitat: coastal-pelagic species. in warm temperate and tropical waters of the continental ) ‫نعجة‬ ) ‫نعجة‬ ( ( ‫البحر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫حمار‬ ‫حمار‬ Angular Angular rough rough shark shark but also in oceanic waters. From the surface to 280 m depth. ‫عينعين‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ Gulper Gulper shark shark Distribution: cosmopolitan, also in the Mediterranean where it is common. in ‫كلب‬ the‫كلب‬ Black Sea. ‫ ّقط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫مط‬Absent ‫ ّق‬ٙ ‫شوكة‬ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫أبو‬ ‫أبو‬ Spotted Spotted spiny spiny dogfish dogfish ٙ ٙ ٙ ٙ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫فُأ ّنفقطاطقطاط‬ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫شوكة مُأ ّن‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ Longnose Longnose spurdog spurdog Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean. ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاطقطاط‬ Shortnose Shortnose spurdog spurdog Brambel Brambel shark shark )‫وقاص‬ )‫وقاص‬ / ‫سفن‬ / ‫سفن‬ ( ‫شوكي‬ ( ‫شوكي‬ ‫مالكمالك‬ Sawback Sawback angelshark angelshark )‫وقاص‬ )‫سفنسفنوقاص‬ ( (‫شائعشائع‬ ‫مالكمالك‬ Angelshark Angelshark Dusky Dusky shark shark

shark EN Sandbar Sandbar Sandbar shark sharkSP Tiburón trozo

FR Requin gris

AR )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫(كلب(كلب‬

EN Med

101

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Greenish-grey with vertical bars, fading with size

Interdorsal ridge present

Small spiracles behind eyes Head rounded

Teeth serrated, oblique, similar in both jaws, inner margin convex

Strong keel on caudal peduncle

© R. Bonfil

CARCHARHINIDAE

Blacktip reef shark Galeocerdo cuvier, Tiger shark – TIG‫قرش أسود‬ )‫(كلب بحر‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark SP Tiburón tigre FR Requin tigre AR ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger sharkEN Tiger shark NT NE commun )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark ‫ُقرّ ن‬ ‫خرطوم م‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ Milk shark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Med ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ Size: up to 550 cm in total length (TL) ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ) ‫بومطرقة‬ ‫قرش‬ ( ‫ناعم‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِطر‬ ‫ أبو‬and rounded; upper Smooth hammerhead َ ‫ م‬short Description: trunk stout, tapering to slender caudal peduncle. Snout ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark labial furrow as long as snout length. Head flattened dorsally and broad. Spiracle present behind ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve belly and above eye. Apex of first dorsal fin rounded; inter-dorsal ridge present; strong lateral keels on ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish caudal peduncle; upper caudal lobe long. Greenish-grey to brown on the back with well-defined ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ Little sleeper shark darkshark spots in juveniles, becoming vertical bars in the adult. )‫ (نعجة‬Viviparous, ‫حمار البحر‬large litter up to 10-82 Angular rough pups, born probably up to 60-90 cm in TL. ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark ّ ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ق‬ Spotted spiny dogfish Habitat: coastal waters but also out off the coasts, usually found near bottom up to 140m depth, ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Longnose spurdog but also at surface. ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog Brambel shark Distribution: cosmopolitan, in temperate and tropical seas. Recently recorded also in the )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark Mediterranean in the Gulf of Sirte. )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark

102

pterus rus s us

s

epis s

ssus

Pointed head

1st dorsal fin origin about midway between pectoral and anal fins

b

a>2b

a

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Pectoral fin long and falcate

© B.P.S.

Blacktip Blacktip reef reef shark shark CARCHARHINIDAE )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫ٔسودٔسود (كلب‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Dusky Dusky shark shark Prionace glauca, Blue shark – BSH )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫رمادي (كلب‬ ‫رمادي‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ Sandbar Sandbar shark shark ‫نمرنمر‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ Tiger Tiger shark shark Blue shark EN SP Tiburón azul FR Peau bleue AR )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫ٔزرقٔزرق (كلب‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Blue Blue shark shark NT CR ‫ُقرّ منُقرّ ن‬ ‫خرطوم‬ ‫خرطوم م‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ Milk Milk shark shark ‫رَّ م‬Rec ‫ُخرَّمم َُخ‬ ‫ِطرم َق َة‬ Scalloped Scalloped hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫ أبو أمبو‬Global Med SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: 16-12 GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫شائعشائع‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ Great Great hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو مأبو‬ ‫العينين‬ ‫العينين‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ Smalleye Smalleye hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو مأبو‬ Size: uphammerhead tohammerhead 400 cm in total length (TL) )‫بومطرقة‬ )‫بومطرقة‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ ( ( ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ Smooth Smooth َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو امٔبو‬ ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫كوسج‬ ‫ كوسج‬very long; Kitefin Kitefin shark sharkvery slender shark with head narrow and moderately depressed; snout Description: ‫البطن‬ ‫البطن‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Velve Velve belly belly eyes large; spiracles absent. Interdorsal ridge absent; caudal peduncle with low keels. 1st dorsal fin ‫برتغالي‬ ‫برتغالي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Portuguese Portuguese dogfish dogfish origin well behind pectoral rear tips. Very narrow and long pectoral fins. Intense blue on the back, ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ِرشقِدراقِد‬ ‫ِرش را‬ ‫ق ق‬ Little Little sleeper sleeper shark shark white belly, without a colour pattern. Viviparous, litter up to 4-135 (usually 15-30) young, pups )‫نعجة‬ )‫نعجة‬ ( ( ‫البحر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫حمار‬ ‫حمار‬ Angular Angular rough rough shark shark born probably ‫عينعين‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Gulper Gulper shark shark up to 35-44 cm in TL. ٙ ٙ ّ ّ ٙ ٙ ‫ُرقمطُرق‬ ‫شوكة‬ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلب‬ ‫ كلب‬from very Spotted Spotted spiny spiny dogfish dogfish Habitat: oceanic and coastal-pelagic species. in warm temperate‫ط‬and tropical waters ّ ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ‫ف‬ ّ ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاط‬ ‫قطاط‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫شوكة‬ ‫أبو‬ ‫أبو‬ ‫كلب‬ ‫كلب‬ Longnose Longnose spurdog spurdog close to the coast to the open sea. From the surface to 350 m depth. ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاط‬ ‫قطاط‬ Shortnose Shortnose spurdog spurdog Distribution: circumglobal species, included the Mediterranean but not the Black Sea. Brambel Brambel shark shark )‫وقاص‬ )‫وقاص‬ / ‫سفن‬ / ‫سفن‬ ( (‫شوكي‬ ‫شوكي‬ ‫مالكمالك‬ Sawback Sawback angelshark angelshark Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean. ) ‫وقاص‬ ) ‫وقاص‬ ‫سفن‬ ‫سفن‬ ( ( ‫شائع‬ ‫شائع‬ ‫مالكمالك‬ Angelshark Angelshark

103

rus

is

s

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1st dorsal fin origin usually in advance of free tip of pectoral fin

Gill opening short

2nd Dorsal fin origin well forward the origin of the anal fin

© J.E. Randall

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark CARCHARHINIDAE )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark Rhizoprionodon acutus, Milk shark – RHA‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark Milk shark EN shark SP Tiburón lechoso FR Requin à museau AR ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk LC NE pointu ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫ أبو م‬Global Med SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM:‫شائع‬ Not listed ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ Size: up to 170 cm in total length. ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark ‫مخملي البطن‬ ‫كلب‬ Velve belly snout long. Gill openings short. First dorsal fin origin usually Description: ahead of free tip of ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish pectoral fin; inter-dorsal ridge present or absent; origin of the second dorsal fin over posterior ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ Little sleeper shark third of anal base. Grey to brown on the back, white below. Viviparous, litter up to 3-8, pups born )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark between 25-39 cm in TL. ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ ّ ‫ط‬ ‫ق‬ Spotted spiny dogfish Habitat: mid waters on sandy and muddy bottoms between 1-200 m depth of the continental shelf. ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Longnose spurdog Distribution: Eastern Atlantic from Senegal to Angola, including Madeira.

Also‫قطاط‬ occurs in the ‫بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog Indian Ocean, Red Sea and Japan.

Two records in the Mediterranean Sea. Brambel shark )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark

104

pterus us us

us

lepis

osus

Distinctive indentation in centre of front margin of the head and nasal furrows

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Rear tip of first dorsal fin well ahead of pelvic fin origin

© R. Bonfil

© SEFSC Pascagoula Laboratory; NOAA NMFS SEFSC Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark SPHYRNIDAE ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark Sphyrna BSH )‫ٔزرق – (كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Blue shark lewini, Scalloped hammerhead ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark Scalloped hammerhead EN SP Cornuda común FR Requi-marteau AR ‫ُخرَّ م‬ َ ‫ِطر َقة م‬ Scalloped َ ‫أبو م‬ EN NE hammerhead halicorne ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ العينين‬Rec. ‫صغير‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ ‫أبو م‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ Rec SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: 10-08; 13-10 Global Med GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark Size: upbelly to 430 cm in total length (TL) ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish Description: The head and the skull are flattened and wide (as a hammer) with eyes at at the ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ Little sleeper shark sides. Anterior contour of the head quite convex, with prominent median notch. Rear tip of )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark first dorsal fin ahead of pelvic fin origin; pelvic fins low and not falcate. Grey, grayish brown, ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark orSpotted olivaceous ondogfish the back, white belly; tip of the pectoral fins grey or‫ط‬black on ventral ‫ ّق‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫ كلب أبو‬side. spiny ٙ ٙ Viviparous, up to 12-41 young, pups born up to 39-57 cm‫قطاط‬ in TL. ‫كلب أبو شوكة مُأ ّنف‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ Longnose litter spurdog ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog Habitat: epipelagic and semi-oceanic species, in tropical and warm areas over continental shelf Brambel shark from the coast to about 250 m depth, probably much more. )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark Distribution: Oceans. also‫مالك‬ found in the )‫وقاص‬ ‫(سفن‬It is‫شائع‬ Angelshark circumglobal species in Atlantic, Pacific and Indian

Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea.

105

pterus s us

s

epis

RESOLUTION

NO

sus

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Front margin of head nearly straight and with a slight indentation at its centre

Very high and strongly falcate

Rear tip of first dorsal fin well ahead of pelvic fin origin

Strongly falcate

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ sharkLaboratory; Collection of Brandi Noble, NOAA NMFS SEFSC ©Dusky SEFSC Pascagoula )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark SPHYRNIDAE )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark Sphyrna mokarran, Great hammerhead – SPK ‫خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ Milk shark ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ Great hammerhead SP Comuda gigante EN FR Grand AR ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ EN requin-marteau ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ )‫بومطرقة‬ ( Rec. ‫ناعم‬10-08; ‫ِطر َقة‬ ‫ٔبو م‬13-10 ‫ا‬ Smooth hammerhead َ Rec SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ‫قرش‬ ICCAT: Global GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve belly Size: up to 610 cm in total length (TL) ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish ‫صغير‬ ‫قِرش راقِد‬ Little sleeper shark Description: The head and the skull are flattened and wide (as a hammer) with eyes at at the )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark sides. Head broad with anterior contour quite convex, scalloped in the midline and opposite each ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark nostril; centre of eyes anterior to extern line of the mouth; fifth gill opening ‫ ّقط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫شوكة م‬shorter ‫كلب أبو‬than other Spotted spiny dogfish four and situated behind origin of pelvic fins; first dorsal fin very high and falcate as well as the ٙ ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة مُأ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ Longnose spurdog pelvic fins. Grey or greyish brown on the back; ventral side white. Viviparous, litter up to 6-42 ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاط‬ Shortnose spurdog pups, size shark at birth 50-70 cm in TL. Brambel )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark Habitat: coastal pelagic and semi-oceanic over continental shelf from coast to 30 m. Usually up )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark to 100 m depth.

Distribution: circumglobal species from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Just a single old record from the Mediterranean.

Remarks: Its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

106

NE Med

anopterus urus mbeus

cutus

n

elolepis us

nulosus

RESOLUTION

NO

us

Indentation in centre of front margin.

No nasal furrows Rear tip of first dorsal fin over of pelvic fin origin

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Not falcate fin

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark Aristide Takoukam (AMMCO) ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫ٔزرق‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Blue shark SPHYRNIDAE ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark Sphyrna tudes, Smalleye hammerhead – SPQ ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ EN Smalleye SP Comuda ojichica FR Requi-marteau AR ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ VU NE hammerhead à petits yeux )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫ كوسج‬Global Med Kitefin shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed ICCAT: Rec. SPA/BD PROTOCOL: 10-08; Rec 13-10 GFCM: Not listed ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve belly ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ Little sleeper shark Size: up to 150 cm in total length (TL) )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark ‫عين‬of‫أبو‬ ‫كلب‬fore to Gulper shark Description: head broad with anterior contour fairly convex. Eyes small, centre eyes ٙ ّ ‫ُرقط‬ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ spiny frontSpotted of mouth; fifthdogfish gill opening above origin of pectoral fins. Dorsal surface grey ‫أبو‬ to ‫كلب‬ greyishّ ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاط‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ Longnose spurdog brown, shading to paler below. Viviparous, 5 to 12 pups per litter, size at birth 30 cm in TL. ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog Habitat: on continental shelf from surface to 12 m depth.

Brambel shark )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark Distribution: Eastern Atlantic, from Venezuela to Uruguay. Just a single old record in the Mediterranean. )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark Remarks: Its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

107

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

No indentation in centre of front margin

Rear tip of first dorsal fin well ahead of pelvic fin origin

snus melanopterus melanopterus Blacktip Blacktip reef reef shark shark )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫ٔسودٔسود (كلب‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ snus obscurus obscurus Dusky Dusky shark shark )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫رمادي (كلب‬ ‫رمادي‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ snus plumbeus plumbeus Sandbar Sandbar shark shark © M. Dicken ‫نمرنمر‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ ouvier cuvier Tiger Tiger shark shark )‫بحر)بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫ٔزرقٔزرق (كلب‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ glauca uca Blue Blue shark shark ‫ُقرّ منُقرّ ن‬ ‫خرطوم‬ ‫خرطوم م‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ ‫قرش ذو‬ don nodon acutus acutus SPHYRNIDAE Milk Milk shark shark ‫ُخرَّمم َُخرَّ م‬ ‫ِطرم َق َة‬ ewini ni Scalloped Scalloped hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو أمبو‬ Sphyrna zygaena, Smooth hammerhead – SPZ ‫شائعشائع‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ mokarran karran Great Great hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو مأبو‬ ‫العينين‬ ‫العينين‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ es udes Smalleye Smalleye hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو مأبو‬ Cornuda EN Smooth Smooth SP FR Requin-marteau AR )‫بومطرقة‬ )‫بومطرقة‬ ‫قرشقرش‬ ( ( ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ aena ygaena Smooth hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطرم َقة‬ َ ‫أبو امٔبو‬ hammerhead commun ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫كوسج‬ ‫كوسج‬ acha Kitefin Kitefin shark sharkcruz ‫البطن‬ ‫البطن‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫كلب‬ ‫كلب‬ us spinax spinax Velve Velve belly bellyII CITES: Appendix II CMS: Not listed ICCAT: Rec. 10-08; Rec 13-10 SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫برتغالي‬ ‫برتغالي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ mnus us coelolepis coelolepis Portuguese Portuguese dogfish dogfish ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ِرشقِدراقِد‬ ‫ِرش را‬ ‫ق ق‬ ostratus s rostratus Little Little sleeper sleeper shark shark Size: up to Angular 500Angular cm inrough total length (TL) )‫نعجة‬ )‫نعجة‬ ( ( ‫البحر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫حمار‬ ‫حمار‬ ntrina centrina rough shark shark ‫عين‬ ‫عين‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ orus s granulosus granulosus Gulper Gulper shark shark Description: The head and the skull are flattened and wide (as a hammer) with ٙ eyes at at the ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫ُر ّقط‬ٙ ‫ ّقمط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ ‫شوكة‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ nthias canthias Spotted Spotted spiny spiny dogfish dogfish sides front contour of the head moderately convex, without median indentation.ٙ ٙ Rear tip of ٙ ٙ ّ ّ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاط‬ ‫فُأنفقطاط‬ ‫شوكةن م‬ ‫شوكة مُأ‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ nville ainville Longnose Longnose spurdog spurdog first dorsal fin well ahead of pelvic fin origin. Pelvic fins low and not falcate. From green dark to ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاط‬ ‫قطاط‬ alops egalops Shortnose Shortnose spurdog spurdog on the back, nus brucus brucus brownish-grey Brambel Brambel shark sharkshading to white on the belly.. Viviparous, litter up to 20-50 young, pups born up to 50-60 cm in TL. )‫وقاص‬ )‫وقاص‬ / ‫سفن‬ / ‫سفن‬ ( (‫شوكي‬ ‫شوكي‬ ‫مالكمالك‬ aculeata leata Sawback Sawback angelshark angelshark ) ‫وقاص‬ ) ‫وقاص‬ ‫سفن‬ ‫سفن‬ ( ( ‫شائع‬ ‫شائع‬ ‫مالكمالك‬ squatina atina Angelshark Angelshark Habitat: epipelagic in coastal waters of temperate areas from the surface up to 200 m depth, usually 0-20 m.

Distribution: widespread in temperate and tropical seas of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. Common in the Mediterranean, absent in the Black Sea.

108

VU

CR

Global

Med

pis

us

Dorsal fins without spines

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

erus

Head small and conical

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark © F. Serena )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ DALATIIDAE ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ Dalatias licha, Kitefin shark – SCK ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ shark EN Kitefin SP Carocho FR Squale liche AR ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark VU VU ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve belly Portuguese dogfishNot listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not‫برتغالي‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: listed ‫كلب‬ Global Med ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ Little sleeper shark )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark Size: upshark to 182 cm in total length (TL) ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper ّ ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ق‬ Spotted spiny dogfish Description: short snout thick and fleshy with tip rounded; nostrils close to snout top. Mouth ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Longnose spurdog lightly arched, lips thick and fleshy. Spiracles above and behind eye. Pectoral fins shape similar ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog to a paddle, while the first dorsal fin is similar to a brush. Caudal fin broad, truncate at its end, Brambel shark without evident lower lobe. Body uniformly brown. Viviparous, litter up to 10-16 young, pups born )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark up to 30-42 cm in TL. )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark Habitat: benthic and mesopelagic species in temperate waters, from 90 to 1000 m of deep, up to 1800 m, usually on the slopes at 300-600 m.

Distribution: Atlantic Ocean but also in New Zealand, Australia and Japan. Common but not abundant in the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

109

s

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Dorsal fins with spines

Grey dorsal side

2nd dorsal fin origin over pelvic fin bases Black belly

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark © F. Serena )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ‫ِطرقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ETMOPTERIDAE ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ Etmopterus spinax, Velve belly – ETX )‫قرش بومطرقة‬ ( ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark Velve belly SP Negrito FR Sagre commun AR ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ VelveENbelly LC LC ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish ‫صغير‬Not ‫راقِد‬listed ‫ قِرش‬Global Med LittleSPA/BD sleeper shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: PROTOCOL: )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark Size:spiny up todogfish 60 cm in total length (TL) ‫ ّقط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Spotted ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Longnose spurdog Description: snout long and rounded. Spiracle above and behind eye. Origin of the 2nd dorsal fin ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog over the pelvic fin bases; caudal fin with notch on the upper lobe little defined. Brown on the back, Brambel shark with a particular black pattern on the lateral body; black belly. Viviparous, litter up to 6-20 young, )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark pups born about 9-14 cm in TL. )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark Habitat: demersal species on shelf and slopes, from 200 to 2500 m depth.

Distribution: Atlantic, from Iceland to South Africa. It is common in the Mediterranean but absent in the North Adriatic and Black Sea.

110

Dorsal fins with very small spines

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Head flattened

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫رمادي‬ ‫قرش‬ Sandbar shark ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark © F. Serena ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ‫ِطرقة صغير العينين‬ SmalleyeSOMNIOSIDAE hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ Centroscymnus coelolepis, Portuguese – CYO ‫ شراعي الزعنفة‬dogfish ‫كوسج‬ Kitefin shark ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve belly EN Portuguese SP Pailona FR Pailona commun AR ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish NT LC dogfish ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ Little sleeper shark )‫ (نعجة‬GFCM: ‫البحر‬Not ‫حمار‬ Angular SPA/BD rough shark PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed listed Global Med ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark ‫ ّقط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Spotted spiny dogfish Size: up to 120 cm in total length (TL) ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Longnose spurdog ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog Description: tip of the snout rounded. Large pouch at mouth corners. Spiracles at upper margin Brambel shark of eye level. Short and wide pectoral fins. Two equals in size dorsal fins and with very small spines, )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark no anal fin. Caudal fin broad with apex truncate, peduncle without keels. Dark brown body. )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark Viviparous, litter up to 13-29 young, pups born about 27-31 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species in deep waters, especially the bathyal zone, from 150 to 3700 m.

Distribution: Atlantic especially from Morocco to Iceland. Present also in the Western Mediterranean, probably absent in the Eastern.

111

erus

is

s

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Dorsal fins without spines

Head flattened

Small keel

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark © F. Garibaldi hammerhead ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ‫ِطرقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ‫ِطر‬ ) ‫بومطرقة‬ ‫قرش‬ ( ‫ناعم‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ SOMNIOSIDAE ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark Somniosus rostratus, Little sleeper shark – SOR ‫مخملي البطن‬ ‫كلب‬ Velve belly ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish sleeper shark SP Tollo boreal EN Little FR Laimargue de la AR ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ Little sleeper shark DD DD Méditerranée )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark ‫كلب أبو‬ Gulper SPA/BDshark PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not‫عين‬ listed Global Med ‫ ّقط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Spotted spiny dogfish ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Longnose spurdog Size: up tospurdog 143 cm in total length (TL) ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose Brambel shark Description: rounded snout and short; two similar but not equal in size dorsal fins and without )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark spines, no anal fin. Caudal fin with short keels. Dark brown body. Luminescent pores along lateral )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark line. Viviparous, litter up to 6-9 young, pups born about 21-28 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species in deep waters, on outer continental shelves and on the zones of the upper slope, from 180 to 2200 m.

Distribution: Atlantic from the north to Madeira. Also distributed in the Western Mediterranean.

112

us

olepis pis

us osus

Spine sloping forward

Angula underbelly

Blacktip Blacktip reef reef shark shark )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫ٔسودٔسود (كلب‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Dusky Dusky shark shark )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫رمادي (كلب‬ ‫رمادي‬ ‫قرش‬ ‫قرش‬ Sandbar Sandbar shark shark ‫نمرنمر‬ ‫قرش‬ ‫قرش‬ Tiger Tiger shark shark )‫بحر‬ )‫بحر‬ ‫(كلب‬ ‫ٔزرق (كلب‬ ‫ٔزرق‬ ‫قرش ا‬ ‫قرش ا‬ Blue Blue shark shark ‫خرطومُقرّمنُقرّ ن‬ ‫خرطوم م‬ ‫ذو ذو‬ ‫قرش‬ ‫قرش‬ Milk Milk shark shark ‫ِطر َقمة َُخرَّمم َُخرَّ م‬ ‫أبو أمبو َم‬ Scalloped Scalloped hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطر َقة‬ © F. Serena ‫شائعشائع‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ ‫أبو َم‬ ‫أبو م‬ Great Great hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطر َقة‬ َ ‫العينين‬ ‫العينين‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ِطرقة‬ ‫أبو َم‬ ‫أبو م‬ Smalleye Smalleye hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطر َقة‬ )‫بومطرقة‬ )‫بومطرقة‬ ‫قرش‬ ‫قرش‬ ( ( ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫ِطر َقة‬ ‫أبو امٔبو َم‬ Smooth Smooth hammerhead hammerhead َ ‫ِطر َقة‬ ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫الزعنفة‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫شراعي‬ ‫كوسج‬ ‫كوسج‬ Kitefin Kitefin shark shark OXYNOTIDAE ‫البطن‬ ‫البطن‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫مخملي‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Velve Velve belly belly Oxynotus centrina, Angular rough shark‫برتغالي‬ –‫برتغالي‬ OXY ‫كلبكلب‬ Portuguese Portuguese dogfish dogfish ‫صغير‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ِرشقِدراقِد‬ ‫ِرش را‬ ‫ق ق‬ Little Little sleeper sleeper shark shark Angular ENAngular SP Cerdo FR Centrine AR )‫نعجة‬ )‫نعجة‬ ( ( ‫البحر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫حمار‬ ‫حمار‬ Angular rough rough shark shark VU rough shark commune marino ‫عينعين‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Gulper Gulper shark shark ٙ ‫طُر‬ ٙ ‫ ّقم‬ٙ ‫شوكةُر‬ ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫ ّقط‬GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫ كلبكلب‬Global Spotted Spotted spiny spiny dogfish dogfish SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: ٙ ٙ ‫شوكة ّن م‬ ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاط‬ ‫فُأ ّنفقطاط‬ ‫أبو أبو‬ ‫كلبكلب‬ Longnose Longnose spurdog spurdog ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫قطاط‬ ‫قطاط‬ Shortnose Shortnose spurdog spurdog Size: up to 150 cm in total length (TL) Brambel Brambel shark shark ‫وقاص‬ )‫وقاص‬ / ‫سفن‬ /with ‫سفن‬ ( (‫شوكي‬ ‫شوكي‬ ‫مالك‬ ‫مالك‬ Sawback Sawback angelshark Description:angelshark body with a triangular cross-section. Mouth )very small lips thick.

Two high ) ‫وقاص‬ ) ‫وقاص‬ ‫سفن‬ ‫سفن‬ ( ( ‫شائع‬ ‫شائع‬ ‫مالك‬ ‫مالك‬ Angelshark Angelshark triangular dorsal fins with large spines. The spine of the first dorsal fin is inclined forward. Large

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

opterus terus us seus

Sail shaped dorsal fins

CR Med

and elongate vertical spiracles behind eyes. Dermal ridge between pelvic and pectoral fins bases.

Black or grey-brown with dark blotches on the body. Viviparous, litter up to 7-8 young, pups born less then 25 cm in TL. Habitat: demersal species on continental shelf and upper slope from 60 to 780 m.

Distribution: West Indian Ocean, east Atlantic from Norway to South Africa. It is found in the Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea.

113

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Dorsal fins with spines

Subterminal notch

Brown body and green eye

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ‫العينين‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِطر‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ © F. Serena )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve CENTROPHORIDAE belly ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish Centrophorus cf granulosus, Gulper‫صغير‬ shark – GUP ‫قِرش راقِد‬ Little sleeper shark )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark Gulper shark Quelvacho Squale-chagrin EN SP FR AR ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark DD CR commun ٙ ّ ‫ُرقط‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Spotted spiny dogfish ‫بوشوكة‬ ‫ ّن‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫شوكة م‬ ‫كلب أبو‬ Longnose spurdog SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Not‫قطاط‬ listed ‫ف‬GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog Brambel shark Size: up to 120 cm in total length (TL) )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark )‫ وقاص‬fins ‫(سفن‬elongated ‫مالك شائع‬ Angelshark Description: short and thick snout. Inner corner of pectoral and pointed. Dorsal fins with spines. Shallow notch in posterior caudal fin margin. First dorsal fin quite short and lower than second. Dark greyish-brown, slightly lighter ventrally. Viviparous, litter up to 1-6 young, pups born less then 30-42 cm in TL. Habitat: demersal species on continental shelves and slopes from 50 to 1440 m.

Distribution: west Indian Ocean, widespread in the Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea. Remarks: Taxonomy of the genus Centrophorus has been under debate, of which two species (C. uyato and C. granulosus) have been the focus.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

114

us

epis

osus

White spots on the back

Lateral keel

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ) ‫بومطرقة‬ ‫قرش‬ ( ‫ناعم‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِطر‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ © S.P. Iglesias ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve belly ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish SQUALIDAE ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ Little sleeper shark Squalus acanthias, Picked dogfish – DGS )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark ٙ Picked dogfish Mielga Aiguillat-chagrin EN SP FR AR ّ ‫ُرقط‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Spotted spiny dogfish commun ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Longnose spurdog ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Brambel shark )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark Size: up to 200 cm in total length (TL) )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

pterus s us

Dorsal fins with spines 1st dorsal fin origin behind posterior margin of pectoral fin

VU

EN

Global

Med

Description: slender dogfish. Inner corner of pectoral fins rounded; origin of first dorsal spine behind inner pectoral corner; second dorsal fin with spine and much smaller than first. White spots on upper surface of body slate grey, rarely brownish-grey; belly pale from grey to white.

Viviparous, litter up to 1-32 young, pups born less then 18-33 cm in TL. Habitat: demersal species on continental shelves and occasionally on the slopes from 10 to 700 m.

Distribution: worldwide, excluding the pole and tropical areas and north Pacific. Also in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

115

opterus us eus

tus

olepis

losus

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Dorsal fins with long spines

Caudal fins grey with dusky posterior margins

Denticles (small tooth–like scale) in the body with 3 cusps

1st dorsal spine as long as fin base

Larger

Lateral keel Blunt tip

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ‫ِطرقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ © F. Serena ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve belly ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish ‫صغير‬ ‫قِرش راقِد‬ Little sleeper shark SQUALIDAE )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ Angular rough shark Squalus blainville, Longnose spurdog – QUB ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark ‫ ّقط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Spotted spiny dogfish Longnose spurdog EN Longnose SP Galludo FR Aiguillat- coq AR ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ spurdog ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose spurdog Brambel shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed SPA/BD PROTOCOL: )‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ Sawback angelshark )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark

DD

DD

Global

Med

Size: 50 – 80 cm in total length, occasionally until 110 cm

Description: two dorsal fins with spines as long as fin base; anterior nasal flap with a small but distinct lobe. Inner corner of pectoral fin blunt; second dorsal fin smaller than first. Denticles tridentate. Dorsal surface from grey to grey-brown, ventral surface white, posterior edges of fins distinctly or slightly edged white. Viparous, with 3 to 4 pups per litter. Young born at about 23 cm TL. Habitat: benthic species at intermediate depth, between 15 - 720 m.

Distribution: Mediterranean and Black Sea. Present also in South Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.

Remarks: taking into account the identification difficulties on board between Squalus blainville and Squalus megalops, we suggest to be identified as a single taxon corresponding to Squalus cf blainville.

116

First dorsal fin moderately high, with a moderately high spine Denticles (small tooth–like scale) with 1 cusp

Narrow

Caudal fins grey with white posterior margins

Lateral keel

Blacktip reef shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش أسود‬ Dusky shark )‫(كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ Sandbar shark ‫قرش نمر‬ Tiger shark )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ Blue shark ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ Milk shark ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ Scalloped hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ © S.P. Iglesias ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ Great hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ‫ِطرقة صغير العينين‬ Smalleye hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ Smooth hammerhead َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ Kitefin shark ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ Velve belly ‫كلب برتغالي‬ Portuguese dogfish ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ Little sleeper shark )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ AngularSQUALIDAE rough shark ‫كلب أبو عين‬ Gulper shark Squalus megalops, Shortnose spurdog – DOP ‫ ّقط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ Spotted spiny dogfish ٙ ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة مُأ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ Longnose spurdog Shortnose EN spurdog SP Galludo FR Aiguillat AR ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬ Shortnose DD spurdog ñato nez court Brambel shark )‫وقاص‬ / ‫(سفن‬GFCM: ‫شوكي‬Not‫مالك‬ SawbackSPA/BD angelshark PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed listed Global )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ Angelshark

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Pectoral fins broad

DD Med

Size: less than 70 cm in total length (also 100 cm TL) Description: short angular snout and a small mouth almost the length of the snout; 1st dorsal fin spine over pectoral fins. Denticles monodentate. Bronze-grey on the back, white below; dorsal fins with black tips and white edges. Viparous, with 2 to 4 pups in a litter. Size at birth 20-24 cm TL. Habitat: found on the continental shelves and upper slopes generally on or near the bottom at depths from close inshore down to 732 m.

Distribution: Eastern Atlantic, western Indian Ocean, western Pacific to southern Australia.

It has been reported from the western Mediterranean Sea, although its presence in this sea is considered questionable because confusion with congeners.

Remarks: taking into account the identification difficulties on board between Squalus blainville and Squalus megalops, we suggest to be identified as a single taxon corresponding to Squalus cf blainville.

117

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Denticles on body large some fused into plates

1st dorsal fin origin behind pelvic fin origin

2nd dorsal fin origin over pelvic fin tip

© H.B. Osmany

ECHINORHINIDAE

Echinorhinus brucus, Brambel shark – SHB EN Brambel shark

SP Tiburón de clavos

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR Squale bouclé

CITES: Not listed

CMS: Not listed

AR NA

GFCM: Not listed

DD

EN

Global

Med

Size: up to 310 cm in total length (TL) Description: snout ovate, tapering smoothly from eyes. Mouth semiluned. Spiracle well behind eye. Pectoral fins short; origin of the first dorsal fin over posterior portion of pelvic fin base; origin of the second dorsal fin over pelvic fin tips, slightly smaller than first dorsal; caudal fin falcate.

Denticles irregularly spaced buckler-like dermal on the body that form flat shields, large ridged spines. Grey to brown, belly from light brown to white. Viviparous, litter up to 15-26 young, pups born less then 40-50 cm in TL. Habitat: demersal species of temperate waters on continental shelves and slopes between 200 and 900 m of depth.

Distribution: Indo-west Pacific. It is distributed in the Mediterranean, but not in the Black Sea.

118

utus

lolepis s

ulosus

s

Dermal denticles on midline of back 1st dorsal fin origin before pelvic fin rear

Blacktip reef shark Dusky shark Sandbar shark Tiger shark Blue shark Milk shark Scalloped hammerhead Great hammerhead Smalleye hammerhead Smooth hammerhead Kitefin shark Velve belly Portuguese dogfish © I. Giovos Little sleeper shark Angular rough shark Gulper shark Spotted spiny dogfish SQUATINIDAE Longnose spurdog Squatina aculeata, Shortnose spurdog Brambel shark EN Sawback SP Angelote Sawback angelshark angelshark espinudo Angelshark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

)‫(كلب بحر‬ )‫(كلب بحر‬

Sawback

‫قرش أسود‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ ‫قرش نمر‬ )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ َ ‫أبو م‬ َ ‫ِطرقة شائع‬ َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ َ ‫أبو م‬ )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ ‫كلب برتغالي‬ ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ ‫كلب أبو عين‬ ‫ ّقط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ angelshark –‫بوشوكة‬ SUA ‫قطاط‬

FR Ange de mer épineux

CITES: Not listed

AR

CMS: Not listed

)‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬ GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

nopterus urus beus

White ocelli

CR

CR

Global

Med

Size: up to 190 cm in total length (TL) Description: trunk relatively slender. Terminal mouth with anterior nasal barbels strongly fringed.

Eyes and large spiracles dorsally. Gill slits at the sides and before of the head. Origin of first dorsal fin usually opposite pelvic rear tips or ahead; pectoral fins rather long, no anal fin. Large spines on the back along the median line from head to dorsal fins and between the fin bases. No ocelli on body, light brown spots. Viviparous, pups born less then 30-35 cm in TL. Habitat: demersal species of the continental shelf and on uppermost of the slope. In the warmtemperate and tropical waters, at 30 - 500 m of depths.

Distribution: East Atlantic from Gibraltar to Namibia. Rare in the Mediterranean, absent in the Black Sea.

119

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Some black spots on the fins and body 1st dorsal fin origin well behind the pelvic fin rear tip

© F. Serena

SQUATINIDAE

Squatina oculeata, Smoothback angelshark – SUT EN Smoothback angelshark

SP Pez angel

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

FR Ange de mer ocellé

CITES: Not listed

CMS: II

AR NA

GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2

CR

CR

Global

Med

Size: up to 160 cm in total length (TL) Description: trunk rather slender. Terminal mouth with anterior nasal barbels strongly fringed weakly bifurcated. Eyes and large spiracles dorsally. Gill slits at the sides and before of the head.

Origin of first dorsal fin usually well behind free rear tips of pectoral fins, no anal fin. Large spines present on snout but usually absent from midback. No large brown ocelli, but prominent symmetrical white spots present on pectoral fins and on body. Viviparous, litter up to 3-8 young, pups born less then 23-27 cm in TL. Habitat: demersal species of the continental shelf and on uppermost of the slope. In the warmtemperate and tropical waters, at 20 - 500 m of depths.

Distribution: East Atlantic from Gibraltar to Namibia. Rare in the Mediterranean, absent in the Black Sea.

120

s

epis

sus

Blacktip reef shark Dusky shark Sandbar shark Tiger shark Blue shark Milk shark Scalloped hammerhead Great hammerhead Smalleye hammerhead Smooth hammerhead Kitefin shark Velve belly Portuguese dogfish Little sleeper shark Angular rough shark © F. Garibaldi Gulper shark Spotted spiny dogfish Longnose spurdog SQUATINIDAE Shortnose spurdog Squatina Brambel shark squatina, Sawback angelshark Angelshark EN SP Angelote Angelshark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II

)‫(كلب بحر‬ )‫(كلب بحر‬

‫قرش أسود‬ ‫قرش رمادي‬ ‫قرش نمر‬ )‫قرش أزرق (كلب بحر‬ ‫قرش ذو خرطوم مُقرّ ن‬ ‫ِطر َقة م َُخرَّ م‬ َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة شائع‬ َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫ِطر َقة صغير العينين‬ َ ‫أبو م‬ )‫(قرش بومطرقة‬ ‫ِطر َقة ناعم‬ َ ‫أبو م‬ ‫كوسج شراعي الزعنفة‬ ‫كلب مخملي البطن‬ ‫كلب برتغالي‬ ‫قِرش راقِد صغير‬ )‫حمار البحر (نعجة‬ ‫كلب أبو عين‬ ‫ ّقط‬ٙ ‫ُر‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ ‫ ّنف قطاط بوشوكة‬ٙ ‫ُأ‬ٙ ‫كلب أبو شوكة م‬ ‫قطاط بوشوكة‬

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

pterus s us

1st dorsal fin origin in line with pelvic fin rear tip

Angelshark – AGN FR Ange de mer commun

CITES: Not listed

AR

)‫ وقاص‬/ ‫مالك شوكي (سفن‬ )‫مالك شائع (سفن وقاص‬

CMS: Appendix II

GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2

CR

CR

Global

Med

Size: up to 250 cm in total length (TL) Description: trunk large. Terminal mouth with anterior nasal barbels simple and with a spatulate tip. Eyes and large spiracles dorsally. Gill slits at the sides and before of the head. 1st dorsal fin origin in line with pelvic fin rear tip, no anal fin. Patches of small spines on snout and above eyes.

No ocelli on body. Grey to reddish or greenish brown. Viviparous, litter up to 7-25 young, pups born less then 24-30 cm in TL. Habitat: demersal species of the continental shelf. In the warm-temperate and cold waters, at 5 150 m of depths.

Distribution: East Atlantic from Canary Islands to Southern North Sea. Rare in the Mediterranean, present also in the Black Sea.

121

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Ray fishes (Batoids) Five gill slit Mouth ventral, pectoral fins attached to side of head

tail massive, with two dorsals and a caudal fin

electric organ on each side of head

no electric organ on each side of head

pectoral fins not fused with head and trunk.

Snout elongated or extremely elongated, wedge shaped and/or saw-like

TORPEDINIFORMES Torpedinidae

Snout elongated or extremely elongated, wedge shaped and/or saw-like

RHINOPRISTIFORMES Glaucostegidae Rhinobatidae Pristidae

122

SHARKS RAYS

SHARKS CHIMAERAS

tail thin, usually long like whip, often with sting

pectoral fins fused with head and trunk;

disc rhomboidal; pelvic fins bilobed

tail massive, with two dorsals and a caudal fin

RAJIFORMES

MYLIOBATIFORMES

Rajidae

Dasyatidae Gymnuridae Aetobatidae Myliobatidae Rhinopteridae Mobulidae

123

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Upper edge of the spiracles without papillae

Rays

Dorsal surface completely black or brown-dark

© L. Sion

TORPEDINIDAE

Tetronarce nobiliana, Electric ray – TTO Arabic name English name Electric ray Tremolina negra Torpille noire EN SP FR AR ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray DD LC )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ‫راية‬ Variable torpedo ray Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM:‫الخليج‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed Global Med )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish Size: 180 cm in total length Halavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish Description: body rounded, very short snout anterior to the eyes. First‫ناعم‬ dorsal ‫ِنشار‬fin ‫ م‬larger than Smalltooth sawfish second.sawfish Spiracles with smooth margins, without tentacles or papillae. Dark violet/brown on ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common the back; ventral side white to cream, often with dusky margins of the disc and Blue skate ‫ َس َفن أزرق‬the pelvic fins.

Viviparous, produces litters up to 60 embryos per year; 23 cm in TL at‫نرويجي‬ birth. ‫س َفن‬ Norwegian skate َ َّ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ‬ ) ‫ريا‬ ( ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ Longnosed skate Habitat: juvenile specimens mainly benthic on soft bottoms from 10 up to 350 m, also found on ‫راية رملية‬ Sandy ray insular slopes up to 925 m depth; adults frequently pelagic or semi-pelagic. ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ Shagreen ray )‫قرشلة‬North ( ‫مالطا‬ ‫راية‬Africa, including the Maltese ray Distribution: Indo-Pacific oceans and Eastern Atlantic from Sea to South Cukoo ray Mediterranean Sea. Absent in the Black Sea. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry ray Blonde ray )‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر (قرشلة‬ Thornback ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Rough ray ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray )‫(ريا‬ White skate 124

Upper edge of the spiracles with 6-9 rounded papillae

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Brown on the back with evident marbling

© F. Serena

TORPEDINIDAE

Torpedo marmorata, Marbled elettric Arabic ray –name TTR Arabic name English English name name Electric Electric ray ray

Marbled Tremolina ENMarbled SP ray Marbled elettric elettric ray elettric ray mármorata

‫سوداءسوداء‬ ‫راية راية‬ )AR ‫نعاس)نعاس‬ ( ( ‫رايةر َميَّةر َمريَّة‬ ‫راية َمر َم‬ ‫الخليجالخليج‬ ‫ راية راية‬DD )‫نعاس‬ ( Not ( listed ‫رايةّة َحلَقيّة‬ ‫راية َحلَقي‬Global CMS: Not listed )‫نعاس‬ GFCM: )‫قرس)قرس‬ / ‫محراث‬ / ‫محراث‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ ‫سوداءسوداء‬ ‫قيثارةقيثارة‬

FR Torpille marbrée

LC

Variable Variable torpedo torpedo ray ray Common Common torpedo torpedo SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed Med Blackchin Blackchin guitarfish guitarfish Halavi Halavi ray ray Size: 100 cm in total length )‫قرس)قرس‬ / ‫(محراث‬ / ‫شائعةشائعة (محراث‬ ‫قيثارةقيثارة‬ Common Common guitarfish guitarfish ‫ناعم ناعم‬ ‫مِنشارمِنشار‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth sawfish sawfish Description: body rounded, very short snout anterior to the eyes. First dorsal fin slightly larger than ‫شاثع شاثع‬ ‫منشارمنشار‬ Common Common sawfish sawfish second. Spiracles with 6-8 tentacles of equal length on margins. Dorsal surface variable, usually light BlueBlue skate skate ‫أزرقأزرق‬ ‫َس َفن َس َفن‬ patch or marbling on brown background; ventral side white to cream. Viviparous, produces ‫نرويجي‬ ‫نرويجي‬ ‫ َس َفن َس َفن‬large Norwegian Norwegian skate skate litters of 2-32 embryos; )‫(ريا)(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َس َ َفُؤ َّننفم َُؤ َّنف‬ Longnosed Longnosed skate skate10-14 cm in TL at birth. ‫رمليةرملية‬ ‫راية‬350 ‫راية‬m.

Sandy Sandy ray ray on soft as well as hard bottoms up to about 100 m, occasionally Habitat: benthic to ‫راية َك ُمة َشوِّ َكة‬ ِّ‫راية ُم َشو‬ Shagreen Shagreen ray ray Distribution: including )‫قرشلة‬ )‫قرشلة‬ ( ( the Mediterranean ‫مالطامالطا‬ ‫ راية راية‬Sea. Maltese Maltese rayEastern ray Atlantic from North Sea to South Africa, Absent inray the ray Black Sea. Cukoo Cukoo )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean Mediterranean starry starry ray ray Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

Blonde Blonde ray ray )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫الظهرالظهر(قرشلة‬ ‫كة َش َّوكة‬ ‫رايةو ُم‬ َّ ‫راية ُم َش‬ Thornback Thornback ray ray )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫عيونعيون (قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم‬ ‫راية إم‬ Brown Brown ray ray ‫مبرقشة‬ ‫مبرقشة‬ ‫راية راية‬ Spotted Spotted ray ray )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫خشنةخشنة (قرشلة‬ ‫راية راية‬ Rough Rough ray ray ‫راية َج ُمة َم َّو َجة‬ ‫راية ُم َم َّو‬ Undulate Undulate ray ray )‫(ريا)(ريا‬ White White skate skate

125

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Brown on the back with marbling

© B. Séret

TORPEDINIDAE

Arabic name English name sinuspersici, Variable torpedo ‫سوداء‬ray ‫ – راية‬TTJ ElectricTorpedo ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray Variable Tremolina mármol Torpille auréolée EN SP FR AR ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray DD NE torpedo ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo / ‫محراث‬ ( ‫الذقن‬GFCM: ‫سوداء‬Not ‫قيثارة‬ Blackchin guitarfish SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed )‫قرس‬ CMS: Not listed listed Global Med Halavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish Size: 130 cm in total length ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish Description: body rounded, very short snout anterior to the eyes. First Blue skate ‫أزرق‬dorsal ‫ َس َفن‬fin larger than second, with a small caudal fin. Spiracles with 9-10 tentacles of equal length ‫نرويجي‬ ‫ َس َفن‬on margins that do not Norwegian skate extend to centre of spiracle opening.

Dorsal surface with bright color pattern َّ )‫(ريا‬ ‫ َس َفن م َُؤنف‬of circles and irregular Longnosed skate to cream. ‫ راية‬Viviparous, produces Sandy marks, ray dark red or brown to blackish background; ventral side white‫رملية‬ ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ Shagreen rayof 9-22 embryos. litters )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ Maltese ray Habitat: benthic on soft bottoms of the continental shelf up to about 150 m.

Cukoo ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫ راية‬Africa. Rare in the Mediterranean starry ray Indian Ocean, in the Persian Gulf, Distribution: Eastern from Red Sea ‫مية‬ to South BlondeMediterranean. ray )‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر (قرشلة‬ Thornback ray only few specimens of this species in Syrian )‫(قرشلة‬ waters have been It would be ‫عيون‬ ‫ إم‬described. ‫راية‬ BrownRemarks: ray ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray to have a confirmation of its occurrence in the Mediterranean. useful )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Rough ray ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray )‫(ريا‬ White skate

126

Upper edge of the spiracles with 9-10 triangular papillae

Upper edge of the spiracles with 9-10 papillae

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Uniform light brown on the back with ocelli, spiracles up to 6 round papillae

© F. Serena

Arabic Arabic namename English English namename TORPEDINIDAE ‫سوداء سوداء‬ ‫راية راية‬ Electric Electric ray ray Torpedo torpedo, Common torpedo – TTV )‫نعاس)(نعاس‬ ( ‫رايةيَّة َمر َمريَّة‬ ‫راية َمر َمر‬ Marbled Marbled elettric elettric ray ray ‫الخليج الخليج‬ ‫راية راية‬ Variable Variable torpedo torpedo ray ray torpedo EN Common SP Tremolina comun FR Torpille ocellée )‫نعاس‬ AR ()‫حلَقيّة (نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common Common torpedo torpedo َ ‫راية‬ DD LC )‫) قرس‬/‫قرس‬ ‫محراث‬ / ‫محراث‬ ( ‫سوداء (الذقن‬ ‫سوداء الذقن‬ ‫قيثارة قيثارة‬ Blackchin Blackchin guitarfish guitarfish Halavi Halavi ray ray SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Med )‫قرس) قرس‬ / ‫(محراث‬ / ‫قيثارة شائعة(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common Common guitarfish guitarfish ‫ِنشار ناعم‬ ‫مِنشار مناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish Size:Smalltooth 60 cmsawfish in total length ‫منشار شاثع‬ ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common Common sawfish sawfish Blue skate Blue skate ‫أزرق‬ ‫أزرقن‬ ‫َس َفن َس َف‬ Description: body rounded, very short snout anterior to the eyes. First dorsal fin slightly larger than ‫نرويجينرويجي‬ ‫َس َفن َس َفن‬ Norwegian Norwegian skateskate second. Spiracles with 8-10 small triangular papillae. Dorsal surface uniform dark or light brown, )‫(ريا) (ريا‬ ‫ن م َُؤ َّنف‬ ‫س َفف‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َ َّن‬ Longnosed Longnosed skateskate normally with five (sometimes fewer) large blue eye-spots on disc; ventral side white to cream. ‫راية رملية‬ ‫راية رملية‬ SandySandy ray ray Viviparous, produces large litters of 3-21 pups, born at about 8-10 cm TL. َ َ ‫رايةة ُمشوِّ كة‬ ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َك‬ Shagreen Shagreen ray ray ‫قرشلة‬ ‫ (قرشلة‬70 m. ‫راية مالطا‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ Maltese Maltese ray ray on soft bottoms of the continental shelf)up Habitat: benthic to)(about CukooCukoo ray ray Distribution: Eastern Atlantic including )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫ (قرشلة‬the Mediterranean. ‫ راية ميةراية مية‬Absent in Mediterranean Mediterranean starrystarry ray rayfrom Bay of Biscay to Angola, the Black Blonde Blonde raySea. ray )‫(قرشلة)(قرشلة‬ ‫الظهر الظهر‬ ‫كة ُم َش َّوكة‬ ‫راية‬ ‫راية ُم َش َّو‬ Thornback Thornback ray ray Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean. )‫عيونإم عيون(قرشلة)(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إمراية‬ Brown Brown ray ray ‫مبرقشةمبرقشة‬ ‫راية راية‬ Spotted Spotted ray ray )‫راية خشنة (قرشلة)(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ RoughRough ray ray ‫رايةة ُم َم َّو َجة‬ ‫راية ُم َم َّو َج‬ Undulate Undulate ray ray )‫(ريا) (ريا‬ WhiteWhite skateskate

127

us

os

s

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Spiracles behind the eyes

Distance between the dorsal fins about equal to the distance between the origin of first dorsal fin and the axilla of the pectoral fin

a≈b a

b

Rostral ridges narrowly separated

© F. Serena

Arabic name English name ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray GLAUCOSTEGIDAE )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray Glaucostegus cemiculus, Blackchin guitarfish –‫الخليج‬ RBC ‫راية‬ Variable torpedo ray َ )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلقيّة‬ Common torpedo Guitarra EN Blackchin FR Guitar de Mer AR )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ BlackchinSPguitarfish EN guitarfish barbanegra fouisseuse Halavi ray )‫قرس‬CMS: / ‫(محراث‬ Common Annex guitarfish SPA/BD PROTOCOL: II (as Rhinobatos cemiculus) CITES: Not listed Not listed ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Global GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish Blue skate ‫َس َفن أزرق‬ Size: 242 Norwegian cm in total length ‫َس َفن نرويجي‬ skate )‫(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف‬ Longnosed skate Description: wedge-shaped disc (combined head, body and pectoral fins) with rostral ridges narrowly ‫رملية‬ ‫راية‬ Sandy ray separated.

Anterior nasal folds ‫ َشوِّ َكة‬two ‫راية ُم‬ Shagreen ray lobe extending little; posterior nasal flap narrow. Spiracle with ‫قرشلة‬margin ( ‫ راية‬the Maltese of about same size.ray Thorns present around of the orbits (eyes) in the )inner and‫مالطا‬ between ray and along midline of disc and tail. Body brown on the back, without distinct spiracles, Cukoo on shoulders )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ starry ray markings;Mediterranean white below. Viviparous, 1-2 litters per year, of 4-6 embryos; 34 cm in TL at birth.

Blonde ray Habitat: benthic species on sandy and muddy bottoms, from shallow water to about m. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫ َّوكة‬100 ‫راية ُم َش‬ Thornback ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray Distribution: Atlantic species from Northern Portugal to Angola, including the Mediterranean Sea, ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray but not Black Sea. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Rough ray ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray )‫(ريا‬ White skate

128

EN Med

Distance between the dorsal fins more than twice the distance between the origin of first dorsal fin and the axilla of the pectoral fin

Eye diameter less than 5 times the length of the snout

a>2b a

b

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Eye diameter

Š J.E. Randall

GLAUCOSTEGIDAE

Glaucostegus halavi, Halavi ray â&#x20AC;&#x201C; RBH EN Halavi ray

SP NA

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR NA

CITES: Not listed

AR NA

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

VU

NE

Global

Med

Size: 120 cm in total length (probably up to 171 cm).

Description: wedge shape disc, wide triangular and moderately acute snout with rounded tip.

Tail slightly longer than disc, distance between dorsal fins 1.5-1.9 times base length of the 1st dorsal fin. Dorsal surface yellowish to greyish brown, ventral side white. Viviparous, up to 10 pups a litter, about 29 cm in TL at birth.

Habitat: benthopelagic species on sandy bottoms of subtropical waters from shallow water to about 100 m depth.

Distribution: Indian Ocean, from Red Sea to Persian and Gulf of Oman. Cited also for the Mediterranean Sea. Remarks: Its occurrence in the Mediterranean needs to be confirmed.

129

a

ulus s

tos

sis

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Eye diameter more than 5 times the length of the snout

Spiracles with 2 folds Posterior valve of nostril large

Rostral ridges are widely separated Eye diameter

a

b a≈b

Distance between the dorsal fins about equal to the distance between the origin of first dorsal fin and the axilla of the pectoral fin

Arabic Arabic name name English English name name ‫سوداء‬ ‫سوداء‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Electric Electric rayray )‫نعاس‬ )‫نعاس‬ ( ( ‫راية َم َمريرَّة َمريَّة‬ ‫راية َمر‬ Marbled Marbled elettric elettric rayray ‫الخليج‬ ‫الخليج‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Variable Variable torpedo torpedo rayray RHINOBATIDAE َ‫راية َحل‬ )‫نعاس‬ )‫نعاس‬ ( ( ‫رايةقيّة َحلَقيّة‬ Common Common torpedo torpedo Rhinobatos rhinobatos, Common guitarfish – RBC )‫قرس‬ )‫قرس‬ / ‫محراث‬ / ‫محراث‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ ‫سوداء‬ ‫سوداء‬ ‫قيثارةقيثارة‬ Blackchin Blackchin guitarfish guitarfish Halavi Halavi rayray guitarfish EN Common SP Guitarra FR Guitar de Mer AR )‫قرس‬ )‫قرس‬ / ‫(محراث‬ / ‫شائعة (محراث‬ ‫شائعة‬ ‫قيثارةقيثارة‬ Common Common guitarfish guitarfish comun EN commune ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫ِنشارِنشار‬ ‫م م‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth sawfish sawfish ‫شاثعشاثع‬ ‫منشار‬ ‫ منشار‬Global Common sawfish sawfish SPA/BDCommon PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Blue Blue skate skate ‫أزرقأزرق‬ ‫َس َفن َس َفن‬ ‫نرويجي‬ ‫نرويجي‬ ‫َس َفن َس َفن‬ Norwegian Norwegian skate skate َّ َّ )‫(ريا()ريا‬ ‫فَُؤنف‬ ‫َس َفن َسم َف َُؤنن م‬ Longnosed Longnosed skate Size: 150 cm in totalskate length ‫رمليةرملية‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Sandy Sandy rayray َ َ َ ‫ة‬ ‫ك‬ ِّ‫و‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ُ ِّ‫و‬ ‫راية‬ ‫ ُم َش‬reaching ‫راية‬ Shagreen Shagreen ray ray Description: wedge-shaped disc with rostral ridges widely separated. Anterior nasal lobe ) ‫قرشلة‬ ) ‫قرشلة‬ ( ( ‫مالطا‬ ‫مالطا‬ ‫راية‬ ‫راية‬ Maltese Maltese ray ray to inner corner of nostril; posterior nasal flap wide. Spiracle with 2 quite developed folds, the Cukoo Cukoo ray ray outer one more prominent.

Relatively small thorns present around inner margin of eyes, between )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫مية مية‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Mediterranean Mediterranean starry starry rayray spiracles, on shoulders, and along midline of disc and tail. Brown on the back, white below.

Blonde Blonde rayray Viviparous, 1-2 litters per year, of 4-10 embryos; about 25 cm in TL at birth. )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫الظهر(قرشلة‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫راية َّو ُمكةَش َّوكة‬ ‫راية ُم َش‬ Thornback Thornback rayray Habitat: benthic species on sandy and muddy bottoms, from shallow water to about 100 )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫عيون‬ ‫عيون‬ ‫إم‬ ‫راية‬ ‫ إم‬m. ‫راية‬ Brown Brown rayray ‫مبرقشة‬ ‫مبرقشة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Spotted Spotted rayray Distribution: Atlantic species from Southern Bay of Biscay to Angola, including the Mediterranean )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫خشنةخشنة (قرشلة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Rough Rough rayray Sea butUndulate not Black ray Sea.ray ‫رايةَّو َُمج َمة َّو َجة‬ ‫راية ُم َم‬ Undulate )‫(ريا()ريا‬ White White skate skate © F. Serena

130

EN Med

Origin of 1st dorsal fin above or slightly posterior to pelvic fin origin

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

20-30 pairs of teeth on saw

Arabic name English name ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray © H. Burgess )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo PRISTIDAE )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish Pristis pectinata, Smalltooth sawfish – RPP Halavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish Smalltooth Peje-peine Poisson-scie EN SP FR AR ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish sawfish CR CR tident commune ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish Blue skate َ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix I CMS: Appendix I and II‫س َفن أزرق‬ Global Med GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫َس َفن نرويجي‬ Norwegian skate )‫(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف‬ Longnosed skate Size: up to 550 cm in total length ‫راية رملية‬ Sandy ray ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ Shagreen ray long rostrum with rostral teeth on saw.

Two( dorsal fins, more )‫قرشلة‬ ‫مالطا‬ ‫راية‬or less equal in shape MalteseDescription: ray st and size. 1 dorsal fin origin above origin of pelvic fins. Body uniformly dark grey/brown on back Cukoo ray and sides,starry whitish below. Viviparous, litters of around 15-20 pups; about 60 cm in TL at birth. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean ray BlondeHabitat: ray benthic species of warm seas, on soft bottoms, from shallower water to about 90 m. )‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر (قرشلة‬ Thornback ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم‬ Brown Distribution: ray Atlantic and South-West of Indian Ocean.

Probably ‫عيون‬ extinct in the Mediterranean. ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray Remarks: its occurrence in the Mediterranean has to be confirmed.‫راية خشنة‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ Rough ray ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray )‫(ريا‬ White skate

131

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

14-24 pairs of teeth on saw

Origin of 1st dorsal fin well anterior to pelvic fin origin

© CSIRO

Arabic name English name ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish PRISTIDAE Halavi ray Pristis pristis, Common sawfish RPR ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ )‫– قرس‬ / ‫(محراث‬ Common guitarfish ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish Common sawfish Pez sierra Poisson-scie EN SP FR AR ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish CR commune Blue skate ‫َس َفن أزرق‬ ‫نرويجي‬ ‫َس َفن‬ Norwegian skate Annex II CITES: Appendix I CMS: Appendix I & II GFCM: SPA/BD PROTOCOL: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global )‫(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف‬ Longnosed skate ‫راية رملية‬ Sandy ray Size: probably up to 700 cm in total length. ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ Shagreen ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ Maltese ray Description: long rostrum with rostral teeth on saw. Two dorsal fins, more or less equal in shape and Cukoo ray size. Origin of 1st dorsal fin well forward origin of pelvic fins. Body uniformly grey-ochre on back and )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry ray sides, ventral Blonde ray side white. Viviparous, litters of around 1-13 pups; about 72-90 cm in TL at birth. ‫وكة الظهر‬to ُ ‫راية‬ َّ ‫م َش‬at Thornback ray species of tropical seas, including rivers)‫(قرشلة‬ Habitat: benthic and waterholes, least 45 m of depth. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray Distribution: Probably ‫مبرقشة‬ ‫ راية‬extinct in the Spotted ray Atlantic and South-West of Indian Ocean also in the Pacific.

Mediterranean. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Rough ray ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray Remarks: its occurrence in the Mediterranean has to be confirmed. )‫(ريا‬ White skate

132

CR Med

Long snout

Dorsal surface olive grey or brown with light spots, dusky blotches and some times an oval like an eye-spot on each pectoral fin

Concavous shape

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

12-31 thorns in median row on predorsal and tail area

Arabic name English name ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray © J. Ellis )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish Halavi ray RAJIDAE )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish Dipturus ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish cf batis, Blue skate – RJB ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish EN Blue skate SP Noriega FR Pocheteau gris AR ‫س َفن أزرق‬ Blue skate َ CR CR ‫َس َفن نرويجي‬ Norwegian skate )‫ريا‬listed ( ‫ف‬GFCM/42/2018/2 ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّن‬ Longnosed skate SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not GFCM: Global Med ‫راية رملية‬ Sandy ray ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ Shagreen Size:ray probably up to 285 cm in total length. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ Maltese ray CukooDescription: ray large skate with broadly rhombic disc. Snout long and pointed, anterior margins of )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry ray the disc distinctly concave. Dorsal and ventral surface smooth in young, partly prickly in larger Blonde ray specimens. Upper surface brown with a variable pattern with blotches, eye-spot and light spots. )‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر (قرشلة‬ Thornback ray Ventral side ashy-grey to blue-grey; mucous pores on both sides of disc always. Oviparous, young )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray hatch ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray at about 21 cm in TL. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬shelf to at least 600 m RoughHabitat: ray demersal species, in cold and temperate waters of the continental ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray of depth. )‫(ريا‬ White skate Distribution: North-East Atlantic. The species could be present now only in the Western area of the Mediterranean basin (Morocco, Spain, and France).

Remarks: its occurrence in the Mediterranean has to be confirmed.

133

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Long snout Dorsal surface plain dark greyish-brown

Arabic name English name ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo © M.L. Geraci )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish Halavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish RAJIDAE ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish Dipturus nidarosiensis, Norwegian skate – RJB ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish Blue skate ‫َس َفن أزرق‬ Norwegian skate Raja noruega Pocheteau EN SP FR AR ‫َس َفن نرويجي‬ Norwegian skate NT NE de Norvége )‫(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف‬ Longnosed skate ‫رملية‬ SandySPA/BD ray PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not‫راية‬ listed Global Med َ َ ‫راية ُمشوِّ كة‬ Shagreen ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ Maltese ray Size: up to 200 cm in total length.

Cukoo ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫ مية‬of ‫راية‬ Mediterranean starry ray Description: Snout acute, disc wider than long with the anterior margins the pectoral fins Blonde ray concave. Upper surface smooth. Grey brownish on the back. Ventral side uniformly dark with )‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر (قرشلة‬ Thornback ray ampullar pores darkly pigmented. Oviparous, size hatching unknow. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray Habitat: coastal ‫مبرقشة‬ ‫راية‬waters (125 m) to Spotted ray demersal on sandy bottoms of continental and slopes, from )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Roughdepths ray of about 1400 m. ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray Eastern Atlantic, from Iceland to South Africa. It is also found in( the Mediterranean. )‫ريا‬ WhiteDistribution: skate

134

A row of 40-50 small thorns along tail

Arabic name English name ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish © F. Serena Halavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish RAJIDAE ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish Dipturus oxyrinchus, Longnosed skate‫أزرق‬ – RJO Blue skate ‫َس َفن‬ ‫نرويجي‬ ‫َس َفن‬ Norwegian skate Longnosed skate Picón Pocheteau noir EN SP FR AR َّ )‫(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤنف‬ Longnosed skate NT NT ‫راية رملية‬ Sandy ray ‫وِّ َكة‬Not ‫راية ُم َش‬ Shagreen rayPROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: SPA/BD listed Global Med )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ Maltese ray CukooSize: rayup to 150 cm in total length. )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry ray Blonde ray Description: very long snout and pointed, disc broadly rhombic with anterior margins deeply )‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر (قرشلة‬ Thornback ray concave. Dorsal surface gradually becoming almost entirely spinulose in adults, except bare patches )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray on pectoral fins. No thorns on disc, a row of 4-11 thorns along tail. Ventral side smooth in young, ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray becoming almost entirely spinulose in adults. Dorsal surface from light to dusky brown or grey, with )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Rough ray a pattern dark brown to blue-grey, ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray of more or less distinct spots and black dots; ventral side almost numerous mucous pores on both sides of disc marked as black dots )and ‫(ريا‬streaks. Oviparous, Whitewith skate

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Very long snout

4-11 thorns in median row on predorsal and tail area

young hatch at about 17 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species, in cold and temperate waters of the bathyal zone to at least 1230 m of depth.

Distribution: Atlantic, from Norway to Senegal, included the Mediterranean but excluded Black Sea. Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

135

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Several and often symmetric pairs of small circular creamy spots with dusky margin Short snout, evident tip

Arabic name English name ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray Dorsal fins ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray confluent or with short )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo thornless )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish interspace Halavi ray © F. Serena )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish ‫شاثع‬ ‫منشار‬ Common sawfish RAJIDAE Blue skate ‫َس َفن أزرق‬ Leucoraja circularis, Sandy ray – RJI ‫َس َفن نرويجي‬ Norwegian skate )‫(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف‬ Longnosed skate Sandy ray Raja falsa vela Raie circulair EN SP FR AR ‫راية رملية‬ Sandy ray EN CR ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ Shagreen ray )‫قرشلة‬ ( GFCM: ‫مالطا‬ ‫راية‬ Maltese ray PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not SPA/BD listed GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med Cukoo ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry Size: up to 120 cmray in total length.

Blonde ray )‫ (قرشلة‬with, ‫الظهر‬tail ‫ َّوكة‬longer ‫راية ُم َش‬than body. Dorsal Thornback ray snout short with evident rostrum; disc roundish Description: )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray surface rough with prickles on pectoral fins, thornlets on head and on posterior part of disc. Large ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray triangle of thorns on shoulder. Several and often symmetric pairs of small circular creamy spots )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Rough ray with dusky margin. Ash-grey to dark brown on the back, ventral side smooth and whitish, margin of ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray pectoral and pelvic fins dusky. Oviparous, young hatch at about 8.9 cm in TL. )‫(ريا‬ Whitethe skate Habitat: demersal species, in cold and temperate waters of outer continental shelf and upper slope at 50-800 m of depth.

Distribution: Atlantic from Scotland and southern Norway possibly to Senegal. Western Mediterranean to Libya, absent in the Black Sea.

136

Short prominent snout

3-9 thorns in middle row

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Two parallel Arabic name English name rows of thorns along the tail ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish Halavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish © Edward Farrell ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish BlueRAJIDAE skate ‫َس َفن أزرق‬ ‫َس َفن نرويجي‬ Norwegian skate Leucoraja fullonica, Shagreen )ray – RJF ‫(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف‬ Longnosed skate ‫راية رملية‬ Sandy ray EN Shagreen SP Raja cardadora FR Raie chardon AR ‫شوِّ َكة‬ َ ‫راية ُم‬ Shagreen ray ray VU CR )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ Maltese ray Cukoo ray PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Appendix 1 CMS: Appendix I & II GFCM: Not listed SPA/BD Global Med )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry ray Blonde Size:ray up to 120 cm in total length. )‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر (قرشلة‬ Thornback ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫عيون‬ ‫ راية إم‬a longitudinal row Brown ray Description: snout pronounced and pointed. Upper surface spinulose.

Generally, ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray of 3-9 nuchal thorns; row of about 50 thorns on each side of midline, from shoulder to first dorsal fin; )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Rough ray dorsal side prickly. Dorsal surface plain ashy-grey, underside white. Oviparous, young hatch unknow. ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray Habitat: and upper slope )‫ريا‬shelf ( White skate demersal species, in cold and temperate waters of outer continental

at 30-600 m of depth.

Remarks: its occurrence in the Mediterranean has to be confirmed.

137

lus

os

is

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Triangular patch of thornlets on shoulder area Short snout, evident tip

Usually 3 fainter dusky blotches on each pectoral fin

ArabicArabic name name English English name name ‫راية سوداءراية سوداء‬ Electric Electric ray ray )‫راية َمر َمر(يَّةنعاس) (نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ MarbledMarbled elettric elettric ray ray ‫راية الخليجراية الخليج‬ VariableVariable torpedotorpedo ray ray )‫راية َحلَقيّةراية َحلَقيّة(نعاس) (نعاس‬ Common Common torpedotorpedo )‫ قرس‬/ ‫محراث‬ )‫( قرس‬/ ‫محراث‬ ‫سوداء الذقن‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ ‫قيثارة‬ ‫قيثارة سوداء‬ Blackchin Blackchin guitarfish guitarfish Halavi ray Halavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common Common guitarfish guitarfish © F. Gravino ‫ناعمِنشار ناعم‬ ‫مِنشار م‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth sawfishsawfish ‫منشار شاثع‬ ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common Common sawfishsawfish Blue skate Blue skate ‫َس َفن أزرق َس َفن أزرق‬ ‫نرويجي‬ ‫نرويجين‬ ‫َس َف‬ ‫َس َفن‬ Norwegian Norwegian skate skate RAJIDAE َّ َّ َ )‫فسفن م َُؤنف (ريا) (ريا‬ Longnosed Longnosed skate skate َ ‫َس َفن م َُؤن‬ Leucoraja melitensis, Maltese ray – JAM ‫راية رمليةراية رملية‬ Sandy ray Sandy ray ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ Shagreen Shagreen ray ray MalteseMaltese ray EN FR Raie de Malte )‫قرشلة‬ AR( )‫راية مالطاراية مالطا (قرشلة‬ Maltese ray raySP Raja de Malta CR CR Cukoo ray Cukoo ray ‫راية مية راية مية‬ Mediterranean Mediterranean starry starry SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex IIray CITES:ray Not listed CMS: Not listed )‫(قرشلة‬ GFCM:)‫(قرشلة‬ GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med Blonde Blonde ray ray )‫(قرشلة) (قرشلة‬ ‫الظهروكة الظهر‬ ‫راية ُم َش َّوكة‬ َّ ‫راية ُم َش‬ Thornback raylength.

Size: up toThornback 50 ray cm in total )‫(قرشلة) (قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray Brown ray ‫مبرقشة‬ ‫راية‬ ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted Spotted ray ray Description: snout short with evident tip; upper surface more or less spinulose. Triangular patch )‫(قرشلة) (قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنةراية خشنة‬ Rough ray Rough ray of thornlets on shoulder area. Dorsal surface light brown, one large eye-spot on each pectoral fin. ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate Undulate ray ray Oviparous, about 10-56 eggs are laid ind/year, young hatch unknow. )‫(ريا) (ريا‬ White skate White skate Habitat: demersal species from temperate waters of outer continental shelf and upper slope at 30600 m of depth.

Distribution: endemic species from the Mediterranean, concentrated in the central area.

138

One large eye-spot on each pectoral fin

Large dark sub-circular blotches on each wing Short snout and pointed

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Two rows of thorns

Š EAF-Nansen Project

RAJIDAE

Leucoraja naevus, Cukoo ray â&#x20AC;&#x201C; RJN EN Cukoo ray

SP Raja santiguesa

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR Raie fleurie

CITES: Not listed

AR NA

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

LC

NT

Global

Med

Size: up to 81 cm in total length.

Description: Snout short and pointed. Disc slightly wider than long with anterior margins sinuous.

Two rows of thorns on tail, none between dorsal fins. light brown-greyish on the back. Two eye spots in the centre of each wing. Occasionally with secondary eye spots elsewhere on the disc. Ventral side white and smooth. Oviparous, up to 100 eggs are laid ind/year, young hatch at 9-12 cm in TL. Habitat: demersal species, cold and temperate waters of continental shelf and upper slope at 10-250 m of depth.

Distribution: Atlantic coasts from Senegal to Ireland, Britain and Northern parts of the North Sea. Found from the Western to the Central Mediterranean, including the Western coasts of Greece, absent in the Black Sea. Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

139

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

White spots surrounded by small black dots Dorsal surface smooth in juv. with scattered dark spots

Arabic name Arabic name English name English name ‫راية سوداء راية سوداء‬ Electric ray Electric ray )‫نعاس) (نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّةراية َمر َ(مريَّة‬ Marbledray elettric ray Marbled elettric ‫راية الخليج راية الخليج‬ Variableray torpedo ray Variable torpedo ) ‫نعاس‬ ) ‫نعاس‬ ( ‫راية َحلَقيّة راية َحلَق(يّة‬ Common torpedo Common torpedo )‫قرس‬ ‫محراث‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ )‫ قرس‬/ ‫محراث‬ ( /‫الذقن‬ ‫سوداء‬ ‫قيثارة سوداءقيثارة‬ BlackchinBlackchin guitarfishguitarfish Halavi rayHalavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعةقيثارة شائعة‬ CommonCommon guitarfishguitarfish ‫مِنشار ناعم مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish Smalltooth sawfish © F. Serena ‫منشار شاثع منشار شاثع‬ CommonCommon sawfish sawfish Blue skateBlue skate ‫َس َفن أزرق َس َفن أزرق‬ ‫َس َفن نرويجيَس َفن نرويجي‬ Norwegian skate Norwegian skate )‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف (ريا‬ )‫(ريا‬ Longnosed skate Longnosed skate ‫راية رملية راية رملية‬ Sandy raySandy ray RAJIDAE ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكةراية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ ray ShagreenShagreen ray Raja asterias, Mediterranean starry ray JRS (‫راية –مالطا‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ )‫قرشلة) (قرشلة‬ Maltese ray Maltese ray Cukoo rayCukoo ray Raya estrellada EN Mediterranean FR Raie Étoilée )‫(قرشلة‬ AR )‫راية مية (قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean ray Mediterranean starry SP raystarry starry ray NT NT Blonde ray Blonde ray )‫كة(قرشلة‬Not ‫راية‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫الظهر َش َّو‬ ‫ ُم َش َّوكةراية ُم‬Global ray Thornback ray SPA/BDThornback PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: listed Med )‫(قرشلة) (قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيونراية إم عيون‬ Brown rayBrown ray ‫راية مبرقشةراية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray Spotted ray Size: up to 80 cm in total length. )‫(قرشلة) (قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة راية خشنة‬ Rough rayRough ray ‫ راية ُم َم َّو‬slightly ‫ة‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ َجةراية‬median Undulate ray Undulate ray َ ‫ ُم َم َّو‬50-60 Description: dorsal surface smooth in juveniles, prickly in adult specimens; )‫(ريا‬ )‫(ريا‬ White skate White skate irregular thorns from nape to first dorsal fin; occasionally an additional parallel row on tail in

adults. surface of dorsal side light brown with diverse dark dots partly encircled larger light spots; underside white. Oviparous, produce 30-112 egg cases/year, young hatch at about 8 cm TL. Habitat: demersal species over soft bottoms, at depths ranging from 7 to 300 m.

Distribution: endemic species from the Mediterranean. Less common in the Eastern basin, not present in the Black Sea. Recently found out of Gibraltar Strait.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

140

Tail relatively short and stout

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Numerous dark spots on disk margin

Median row of 40-45 thorns from nape to first dorsal fin. Large males have this row interrupted on the back Š F. Serena

RAJIDAE

Raja brachyura, Blonde ray â&#x20AC;&#x201C; RJH EN Blonde ray

SP Raja boca de rosa FR Raie lisse

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

CITES: Not listed

AR NA

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

NT

NT

Global

Med

Size: up to 120 cm in total length.

Description: dorsal surface of body very prickly, except in juveniles; ventral side also prickly along front margins of the disc, in the adults also along the body. Tail relatively short and stout. Colour dusky ochre, with small dark spots along the margins of the disc (combined head, body and pectoral fins); sometimes few light blotches encircled by dark spots; ventral side white. Oviparous, produce about 30 egg cases/year, young hatch at 16-18 cm TL. Habitat: demersal species over soft bottoms, on continental shelf and upper slope up to 150 m depths.

Distribution: Atlantic from Norway to Motocco. It occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and it is absent in the Black Sea. Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

141

s

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Snout bluntly pointed Dorsal surface fully prickly with some large thorns also on ventral side

Arabic Arabicname name English Englishname name ‫سوداء‬ ‫رايةسوداء‬ ‫راية‬ Electric Electricray ray )‫نعاس‬ )‫نعاس‬ (( ‫رايةمر َم َمرر َميَّةريَّة‬ Marbled Marbledelettric elettricray ray َ ‫راية‬ ‫الخليج‬ ‫رايةالخليج‬ ‫راية‬ Variable Variabletorpedo torpedoray ray )‫نعاس‬ )‫نعاس‬ (( ‫راية َحلَقَحيلَّةقيّة‬ ‫راية‬ Common Commontorpedo torpedo )‫قرس‬ )‫قرس‬/ ‫محراث‬ / ‫محراث‬ ( (‫الذقن‬ ‫سوداءالذقن‬ ‫قيثارةسوداء‬ ‫قيثارة‬ Blackchin Blackchinguitarfish guitarfish Halavi Halaviray ray )‫قرس‬ )‫قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ / ‫شائعة (محراث‬ ‫قيثارةشائعة‬ ‫قيثارة‬ Common Commonguitarfish guitarfish ‫ناعم‬ ‫ِنشارناعم‬ ‫ِنشار‬ ‫مم‬ Smalltooth Smalltoothsawfish sawfish ‫شاثع‬ ‫منشارشاثع‬ ‫منشار‬ Common Commonsawfish sawfish Blue Blueskate skate ‫أزرق‬ ‫َس َف َسن َفنأزرق‬ ‫نرويجي‬ ‫َس َف َسن َفننرويجي‬ Norwegian Norwegianskate skate )‫ريا‬ )‫ريا‬ (( ‫فف‬ ‫َس َف َسن َفنم َُؤمَّن َُؤ َّن‬ Longnosed Longnosedskate skate © F. Serena ‫رملية‬ ‫رايةرملية‬ ‫راية‬ Sandy Sandyray ray ‫رايةم َش ُموِّ َش َكوِّة َكة‬ ُ ‫راية‬ Shagreen Shagreenray ray )‫قرشلة‬ )‫قرشلة‬ (( ‫مالطا‬ ‫رايةمالطا‬ ‫راية‬ Maltese Malteseray ray RAJIDAE Cukoo Cukooray ray Raja clavata,starry Thornback ray – RJC )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫رايةميةمية‬ ‫راية‬ Mediterranean Mediterranean starry ray ray Blonde Blonderay ray ray ray EN Thornback SP Raja de clavos FR Raie bouclée AR )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫الظهر (قرشلة‬ ‫كةكةالظهر‬ ‫رايةم َش ُم َّو َش َّو‬ ُ ‫راية‬ Thornback Thornback ray )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫عيون (قرشلة‬ ‫رايةإم إمعيون‬ ‫راية‬ Brown Brownray ray ‫رايةمبرقشة‬ ‫راية‬ Spotted Spotted ray rayNot listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed‫مبرقشة‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫خشنة‬ ‫رايةخشنة‬ ‫راية‬ Rough Roughray ray ‫ة‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫راية‬ ُ ‫راية‬ َّ َّ Undulate Undulate ray ray َ َ َ َ Size: up to 90-130 cm in total length. )‫ريا‬ )‫ريا‬ (( White Whiteskate skate

Tail with typically crossbars light and dark

NT

NT

Global

Med

Description: dorsal surface fully prickly with large and stout thorns; ventral side sometimes with large thorns. Tail relatively short and stout with crossbars light and dark. Pattern of dorsal surface very variable brownish with dark and light spots and blotches. Oviparous, produce about 70-167 egg cases/year, young hatch at 10-13 cm TL. Habitat: demersal species over soft bottoms, on continental shelf and slope from shallow waters up to 1000 m depths.

Distribution: It is widely distributed from Iceland and Norway to the North Sea, the Mediterranean, the western Black Sea, the Atlantic coasts of Africa, and as far south as South Africa and the southwestern Indian Ocean.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

142

Middle ring dark blue

Outer ring yellow-orange

Centre light blue

Arabic Arabic name name English English name name ‫سوداء‬ ‫سوداء‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Electric Electric rayray )‫نعاس‬ )‫نعاس‬ ( ( ‫رايةر َمري َمَّةريَّة‬ ‫راية َم‬ Marbled Marbled elettric elettric rayray ‫الخليج‬ ‫الخليج‬ ‫راية‬ ‫راية‬ Variable Variable torpedo torpedo rayray َ َ )‫نعاس‬ )‫نعاس‬ ( ( ‫رايةلقي َحّةلقيّة‬ ‫راية َح‬ Common Common torpedo torpedo )‫قرس‬ )‫قرس‬ / ‫محراث‬ / ‫محراث‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ ‫سوداء‬ ‫سوداء‬ ‫قيثارة‬ ‫قيثارة‬ Blackchin Blackchin guitarfish guitarfish Halavi Halavi rayray )‫قرس‬ )‫قرس‬ / ‫(محراث‬ / ‫شائعة (محراث‬ ‫شائعة‬ ‫قيثارة‬ ‫قيثارة‬ Common Common guitarfish guitarfish ‫ناعمناعم‬ ‫ِنشار‬ ‫ِنشار‬ ‫م م‬ Smalltooth Smalltooth sawfish sawfish ‫شاثع‬ ‫شاثع‬ ‫منشار‬ ‫منشار‬ Common Common sawfish sawfish Blue Blue skate skate ‫أزرق‬ ‫أزرق‬ ‫َس َفن َس َفن‬ ‫نرويجي‬ ‫نرويجي‬ ‫َس َفن َس َفن‬ Norwegian Norwegian skate skate َّ َّ )‫ريا)ريا‬ ( ( ‫فنف‬ ‫َس َفن َس َفم َنُؤنم َُؤ‬ Longnosed Longnosed skate skate ‫رملية‬ ‫رملية‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Sandy Sandy rayray © F. Serena ‫راية َشوِّ ُم َك َشوِّة َكة‬ ‫راية ُم‬ Shagreen Shagreen rayray )‫قرشلة‬ )‫قرشلة‬ ( ( ‫مالطا‬ ‫مالطا‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Maltese Maltese rayray Cukoo Cukoo rayray RAJIDAE )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫ميةمية‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Mediterranean Mediterranean starry starry rayray Raja miraletus, Brown ray – JAI Blonde Blonde rayray )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫الظهر (قرشلة‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫كةوكة‬ ‫راية ُم‬ َّ ‫راية َش َّ ُمو َش‬ Thornback Thornback rayray Brown ray Raja de espejos Raie miroir EN SP FR AR )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫عيون‬ ‫عيون‬ ‫إم‬ ‫راية‬ ‫إم‬ ‫راية‬ Brown Brown rayray ‫مبرقشة‬ ‫مبرقشة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Spotted Spotted rayray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫خشنة‬ ‫خشنة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Rough Rough rayray SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed )‫(قرشلة‬ GFCM: Not listed ‫راية َم َّو ُم َمج َّةو َجة‬ ‫راية ُم‬ Undulate Undulate rayray )‫ريا)ريا‬ ( ( White White skate skate

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Large circular eyespot on inner centre of each pectoral fin

LC

LC

Global

Med

Size: up to 70 cm in total length.

Description: dorsal surface nearly smooth, ventral side smooth. Upper surface ochre to reddishbrown with scattered dark spots with a specific large circular eyespot on inner centre of each pectoral fin. Ventral side white. Oviparous, produce about 40-72 egg cases/year, young hatch at 5 cm TL. Habitat: demersal species over soft bottoms, on continental shelf and upper slope from shallow waters up to 500 m depths.

Distribution: Found in the Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Western Indian Ocean where it apparently forms distinct subpopulations.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

143

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Snout short with round tip

White band surrounding the disc

Arabic name English name ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish Halavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish © R.B. Diaz ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish Black dots may Blue skate ‫أزرق‬ ‫ َفن‬edge ‫َس‬ reach of pectoral ‫نرويجي‬ ‫ َس َفن‬fins Norwegian skate )‫(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف‬ Longnosed skate ‫راية رملية‬ Sandy ray ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ Shagreen ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ Maltese ray Cukoo ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry ray RAJIDAE Blonde ray Raja montagui, Spotted ray)‫(قرشلة‬ – RJM ‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر‬ Thornback ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray Spotted ray Raja pintada Raie douce EN SP FR AR ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Rough ray ‫م َم َّو َجة‬Not ُ ‫راية‬ Undulate ray PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: SPA/BD listed )‫(ريا‬ White skate

Row of thorns

LC

LC

Global

Med

Size: up to 80 cm in total length.

Description: Body disc wider than long with margin forming a sinuous curve. Snout short with tip rounded and prickly. Dorsal surface smooth with some thornlets. Ventral side smooth. Brown on the back with an irregular pattern of dark dots and light blotches, narrow white band surrounding the disc. Black dots on the dorsal surface which may reach the edge of the pectoral fins. Oviparous, produce about 24-70 egg cases/year. Young hatching at size of 8 to 12 cm TL. Habitat: demersal species over soft bottoms, on continental shelf and slope from surface up to 650 m depths.

Distribution: Atlantic coasts from Morocco to the Shetlands, Southern part of North Sea. In the Mediterranean, along the Western basin, in particular Morocco, Algeria and Tunisian coasts.

Remarks: this species has a very variable pattern on the back. It is often confused with the other similar specie R. polystigma. For this reason, we suggest to operators on board record it as R. cf polystigma. It is considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

144

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Brown on the back with an irregular pattern of dark dots and light blotches, narrow white band surrounding the disc. Scattered dark dots which may not reach the edge of the pectoral fins

Frequently large dark spots on middle of the hind of pectoral fin

© F. Serena

RAJIDAE

Raja polystigma, Speckled ray – RJM EN Speckled ray

SP Raja manchada

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR Raie tachetée

CITES: Not listed

CMS: Not listed

AR NA

GFCM: Not listed

LC

LC

Global

Med

Size: up to 70 cm in total length.

Description: Body disc with pectoral fins wider than long with margin forming a sinuous curve.

Snout short with tip rounded and prickly. Dorsal surface smooth with some thornlets on anterior margins. Ventral side smooth, except for snout. The colour is brown on the back with an irregular pattern of dark dots and light blotches and a narrow white band surrounding the disc. It has scattered dark dots which may not reach the edge of the pectoral fins. Oviparous, produce about 20-62 egg cases/year.

Habitat: demersal species over soft bottoms, on continental shelf and upper slope from 100 up to 400 m depths.

Distribution: Mediterranean endemic species, rare in the Levantine area. Absent in the Black Sea. Remarks: this species has a very variable pattern on the back. It is often confused with the other similar specie R. montagui. For this reason, we suggest to operators on board record it as R. cf polystigma.

145

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Eye-spot with yellowish centre and a dark outer edge encircled by light dots

Snout short and obtuse

Coarse spinules

Arabic name English name Arabic name English name Electric ‫سوداءسوداء‬ ‫راية راية‬ Electric ray ray Marbled elettric َ ‫راية َمر‬ )‫نعاس)نعاس‬ ( ( ‫رايةمر َميَّةر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ray Variable torpedo ‫الخليجالخليج‬ ‫راية راية‬ Variable torpedo ray ray ‫راية َحلَقي‬ Common torpedo )‫نعاس)نعاس‬ ( ( ‫رايةّة َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo / ‫محراث‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ Blackchin guitarfish )‫قرس)قرس‬ / ‫محراث‬ ( ‫الذقن‬ ‫سوداءسوداء‬ ‫قيثارةقيثارة‬ Blackchin guitarfish Halavi Halavi ray ray / ‫شائعةشائعة (محراث‬ Common guitarfish )‫قرس)قرس‬ / ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارةقيثارة‬ Common guitarfish ‫ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish ‫مِنشارمِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish Common sawfish ‫شاثع شاثع‬ ‫منشارمنشار‬ Common sawfish skate BlueBlue skate ‫أزرقأزرق‬ ‫َس َفن َس َفن‬ ‫نرويجي‬ Norwegian skate ‫نرويجي‬ ‫َس َفن َس َفن‬ Norwegian skate َّ ) ‫ريا‬ ( ‫ف‬ ‫َس َفن َمس َ َفُؤ َّن‬ Longnosed skate ) ‫ريا‬ ( ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ُؤ‬ ‫م‬ Longnosed skate The rest of the back is yellowish-grey marked with grey spots and streaks.َ ‫ن‬ © C. Mancusi ‫رملية‬ Sandy ‫راية راية رملية‬ Sandy ray ray ِّ‫راية ُم َشو‬ Shagreen ‫راية َك ُمة َشوِّ َكة‬ Shagreen ray ray )‫قرشلة‬ Maltese )‫قرشلة‬ ( ( ‫مالطامالطا‬ ‫راية راية‬ Maltese ray ray Cukoo Cukoo ray ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry ray ray Blonde Blonde ray ray RAJIDAE )‫الظهرالظهر(قرشلة‬ َّ ‫راية ُم َش‬ Thornback ‫كة َش َّوكة‬ ‫رايةو ُم‬ Thornback ray ray Raja radula, Rough ray – JAR )‫(قرشلة‬ )‫عيونعيون (قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم‬ Brown )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم‬ Brown ray ray ‫مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray ‫راية راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray Rough ray Raja aspera Raie rape EN SP FR AR )‫خشنةخشنة (قرشلة‬ Rough )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫ راية راية‬EN Rough ray ray ‫راية ُم َم َّو‬ Undulate ‫راية َج ُمة َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray ray White skate Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed)‫ (ريا)(ريا‬Global SPA/BD PROTOCOL: White skate

EN Med

Size: up to 70 cm in total length.

Description: snout short and obtuse. Upper surface covered with coarse spinules. Underside spiny only on snout and on hind half of tail (juveniles and males) with an irregular row of small thorns from nape to first dorsal fin; two thorns between dorsal fins. It has an eye-spot on inner centre of each pectoral fin. Upper surface covered with coarse spinules. Oviparous, produce about 80-154 egg cases/year, young hatch at 5 cm TL. Habitat: demersal species over soft bottoms, on continental shelf and upper slope from 20 up to 350 m depths.

Distribution: Mediterranean endemic species. Apparently passing into Atlantic coasts of Northern Morocco.

146

Several undulating dark bands with white spots

Arabic name English name ‫راية سوداء‬ Electric ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ Marbled elettric ray ‫راية الخليج‬ Variable torpedo ray )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ Common torpedo )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ Blackchin guitarfish Halavi ray )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬ ‫قيثارة شائعة‬ Common guitarfish ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ Smalltooth sawfish ‫منشار شاثع‬ Common sawfish Blue skate ‫َس َفن أزرق‬ ‫َس َفن نرويجي‬ Norwegian skate )‫(ريا‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف‬ Longnosed skate ‫راية رملية‬ Sandy ©ray F. Serena َ ِّ‫راية ُم َشو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ك‬ Shagreen ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مالطا‬ Maltese ray Cukoo ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية مية‬ Mediterranean starry ray Blonde ray )‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر (قرشلة‬ Thornback ray RAJIDAE )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ Brown ray Raja undulata, Undulate ray – RJU ‫راية مبرقشة‬ Spotted ray )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية خشنة‬ Rough ray Undulate ray Raja mosaica Raie brunette EN SP FR AR ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ Undulate ray )‫(ريا‬ White skate SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

CITES: Not listed

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Snout short

EN

NT

Global

Med

Size: up to 114 cm in total length.

Description: snout short, spinulose on the back, with nude areas on central and hind parts of body disc; 2-8 thorns along nape; ventral side smooth except for snout and front edges. Dorsal surface ochre to greyish-brown, with several undulating dark bands edged with white spots like pearlstrings; underside white. Oviparous, produce about 30-90 egg cases/year, young hatch at 14 cm TL. Habitat: demersal species over soft bottoms, on continental shelf up to 200 m depths.

Distribution: Atlantic from British islands to Senegal, and the Mediterranean Sea; absent in the Black Sea.

147

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Snout long and pointed Pectoral fin angulated

Dorsal surface covered with small sharp thorns, nape or back without thorns

English name Electric ray Marbled elettric ray Variable torpedo ray Common torpedo Blackchin guitarfish Halavi ray Common guitarfish Smalltooth sawfish Common sawfish Blue skate Norwegian skate Longnosed skate Sandy ray Shagreen ray Maltese ray Cukoo ray © F. Serena Mediterranean starry ray Blonde ray Thornback ray Brown ray RAJIDAE Spotted ray Rough ray Rostroraja Undulate ray White skate EN White skate

Arabic name ‫راية سوداء‬ )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َمر َمريَّة‬ ‫راية الخليج‬ )‫(نعاس‬ ‫راية َحلَقيّة‬ )‫ قرس‬/ ‫قيثارة سوداء الذقن (محراث‬ )‫ قرس‬/ ‫(محراث‬

)‫(قرشلة‬

‫قيثارة شائعة‬ ‫مِنشار ناعم‬ ‫منشار شاثع‬ ‫َس َفن أزرق‬ ‫َس َفن نرويجي‬ ‫َس َفن م َُؤ َّنف‬ ‫راية رملية‬ ‫راية ُم َشوِّ َكة‬ ‫راية مالطا‬

)‫(قرشلة‬

‫راية مية‬

)‫(ريا‬

3 rows of large thorns on tail

1 thorn between dorsal fins

)‫راية ُم َش َّوكة الظهر (قرشلة‬ )‫(قرشلة‬ ‫راية إم عيون‬ ‫راية مبرقشة‬ alba, White skate )‫ –(قرشلة‬RJA ‫راية خشنة‬ ‫راية ُم َم َّو َجة‬ SP Raja bramante FR Raie blanche AR )‫(ريا‬

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

CITES: Not listed

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

EN

EN

Global

Med

Size: up to 240 cm in total length.

Description: snout long and pointed, with pronounced tip; disc rhombic with the outer corners angulated. Dorsal surface with bare patches on wings. Nape, shoulder region and back smooth, about 15 thorns in a median row on tail, one thorn between dorsal fins; usually a row of strong thorns on either side of lower edge of tail. Ventral side more or less prickly except for nude areas on outer part of wings. Dorsal surface reddish-brown to greyish-blue with distinct light spots; ventral side white with dark margins to pectoral and pelvic fins, tail dusky. Oviparous, produce about 55-156 egg cases/year, young hatch at 30 cm TL. Habitat: demersal species over soft bottoms, on continental shelf to upper slope up to 40-600 m depths.

Distribution: From the Eastern Atlantic coasts of the southern British Isles south to South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and extending into the southwestern parts of Indian Ocean.

148

ea cea

5-6 fleshy papillae on mouth floor

a: rostrum length b: s um of the length of the orbit and spiracle

a a = 1,5-2,5 b b

Large tubercles or buckles along midline and middle of disc

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Large thorns along top and sides of tail

Relatively long and narrow fold under the tail

© NOAA\NMFS\SEFSC\MS Laboratories2

DASYATIDAE

Bathytoshia centroura, Roughtail stingray – RDC stingray EN Roughtail SP Raja látigo lija Roughtail Roughtail stingray stingray

FR Pastenague épineuse

AR )‫قادو‬ )‫قادو‬ ((

‫مشوكة‬ ‫عةعةمشوكة‬ ‫راية‬ ِ‫رايةالسِالس‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رخاميةالسعة‬ ‫رايةرخامية‬ ‫راية‬ )‫حمام‬ )‫حمام‬ (Not ( listed ‫شائعة‬ ‫السعةشائعة‬ ‫رايةالسعة‬ ‫راية‬ GFCM: )‫حمام‬ )‫( (حمام‬

LC

Marble Marblestingray stingray Common Common stingray stingray SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed Global Tortonese’s Tortonese’sstingray stingray Honeycomb Honeycombstingray stingray Size: up to 210 cm in disc wide. ‫السعة‬ ‫هنديةالسعة‬ ‫رايةهندية‬ ‫راية‬ Honeycomb Honeycombstingray stingray )‫الزرقايا‬ )‫الزرقايا‬ ( ( ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫السعةبنفسجية‬ ‫رايةالسعة‬ ‫راية‬ Pelagic Pelagicstingray stingray Description: snout obtuse, disc rhomboid, front and hind margins more or less straight; tail twice )‫ترش‬ )‫ترش‬ (( Round Roundstingray stingray as long as disc length. Dorsal (back) surface with large tubercles, as well as large thorns along top )‫حصيرة‬ )‫حصيرة‬ ( ( ‫الفراشة‬ ‫رايةالفراشة‬ ‫راية‬ Spny Spnybutterfly butterflyray ray and sides of tail.eagle Olive-brown reddish-brown to )‫البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ (surface ( ‫البحر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫عقاب‬ ‫عقاب‬ Common Common eagleray ray on the back, underside almost white. Dorsal greyish-blue with distinct light spots; ventral side white with dark margins to pectoral and pelvic fins, )‫البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ (( ‫بقرة‬ ‫رايةبقرة‬ ‫راية‬ Bull Bullray ray tail dusky.

Viviparous, with litters ‫طائرة‬ ‫رايةطائرة‬ ‫راية‬ Lusitanian Lusitanian Cownose Cownose ray rayof 2-6 pups, disc width 34-37 cm at birth. )‫قرنو‬ )‫عينوفيفيقرنو‬ ‫عينو‬ ( ( ‫البحر‬ ‫شيطانالبحر‬ ‫شيطان‬ Devil Devilfish fish Habitat: demersal species on soft bottoms of the continental shelf and upper slope from 90 to 300 ‫رافة‬ ‫رافة‬ ‫ُخ ُخ‬ Rabbit Rabbitfish fish m depth.

Large Largeeyed eyedrabbitfish rabbitfish

VU Med

Distribution: north Western Atlantic from Cape Cod to Gulf of Mexico, and in the south Western Atlantic from Brazil to Argentina. In the Eastern Atlantic from Bay of Biscay to Angola; Also present throughout coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea.

149

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Snout and disc angular without thorns

Dorsal side of the disc smooth and colored from blue to golden brown © M.L. Kattoura

DASYATIDAE

Dasyatis marmorata, Marble stingray – RDQ )‫راية السِ عة مشوكة (قادو‬ Roughtail stingray Marble stingray Raja látigo Pastenague EN SP FR AR ‫راية رخامية السعة‬ Marble stingray DD DD jaspeada marbrée )‫راية السعة شائعة (حمام‬ Common stingray Tortonese’s stingray SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not)‫حمام‬ listed( Global Med Honeycomb stingray ‫راية هندية السعة‬ Honeycomb stingray Size: up to 60 cm in disc wide. )‫(الزرقايا‬ ‫راية السعة بنفسجية‬ Pelagic stingray )‫(ترش‬ Round stingray Description: snout and disc (combined head, body and pectoral fins) angular, tail less than twice )‫(حصيرة‬ ‫راية الفراشة‬ Spny butterfly ray body length; disc without thorns; usually one sting. Dorsal surface with evident bright blue blotches )‫عقاب البحر (البقرة‬ Common eagle ray and branching lines on a golden-brown disc; ventral side white.

Viviparous, with‫راية‬ litters of 1-4 pups, )‫البقرة‬ ( ‫بقرة‬ Bull ray disc width not well know at birth. ‫راية طائرة‬ Lusitanian Cownose ray ) ‫قرنو‬ ‫في‬ ‫عينو‬ ( ‫البحر‬ Devil fish Habitat: demersal species, coastal and shallower in temperate waters up to ‫شيطان‬ 12-65 m depth. ‫ُخرافة‬ Rabbit fish Distribution: Eastern Atlantic from Morocco to Mauritania, and the Mediterranean Sea; absent in Large eyed rabbitfish the Black sea.

150

Sting at base of the tail

cea a

Dorsal surface greyish, olive or brown

Tail with a sting at base

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Snout obtuse

Nostrils and mouth edges white © M.N. Bradai

DASYATIDAE

Dasyatis pastinaca, Common stingray – JDP )‫قادو‬ )‫قادو‬ ( ( ‫مشوكة‬ ‫عةعةمشوكة‬ ‫راية‬ Roughtail Roughtail stingray stingray ِ‫رايةالسِالس‬ Marble Marble stingray stingray

EN Common SP Raja látigo Common Common stingray stingray stingray común

FR Pastenague commune

‫السعة‬ ‫رخاميةالسعة‬ ‫رايةرخامية‬ ‫راية‬ ‫شائعة‬ ‫السعةشائعة‬ ‫رايةالسعة‬ ‫راية‬ )‫حمام‬ )‫( (حمام‬

AR )‫حمام‬ )‫حمام‬ ((

DD

Tortonese’s Tortonese’sstingray stingray Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray SPA/BD PROTOCOL: stingray Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global ‫السعة‬ ‫هنديةالسعة‬ ‫رايةهندية‬ ‫راية‬ Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray )‫الزرقايا‬ )‫الزرقايا‬ ( ( ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫السعةبنفسجية‬ ‫رايةالسعة‬ ‫راية‬ Pelagic Pelagic stingray stingray Size: up to 68 cm in disc wide. )‫ترش‬ )‫ترش‬ (( Round Round stingray stingray )‫حصيرة‬ )‫حصيرة‬ ( ( ‫الفراشة‬ ‫رايةالفراشة‬ ‫راية‬ Spny Spny butterfly butterflyray ray Description: snout obtuse and disc rhomboid, front margin more or less sinuous; tail 1.3-1.5 times )‫البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ ( ( ‫البحر‬ ‫عقابالبحر‬ ‫عقاب‬ Common Common eagle eagle ray ray length of disc with a short membranous fold below. Back surface without large tubercles also in the ) ‫البقرة‬ ) ‫البقرة‬ ( ( ‫بقرة‬ ‫بقرة‬ ‫راية‬ ‫راية‬ Bull Bullray ray adult specimens. Long dorsal keel below the sting. Greyish, olive-brown on the back; ventral side ‫طائرة‬ ‫رايةطائرة‬ ‫راية‬ Lusitanian Lusitanian Cownose Cownose ray ray whiteDevil with afish wide with litters pups, disc width )‫قرنو‬ )‫قرنو‬ ‫عينوفيفي‬ ‫عينو‬ ( (of 3-7 ‫البحر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫شيطان‬ ‫شيطان‬ Devil fish greyish brown to blackish margin. Viviparous, 12 cmRabbit at birth. ‫رافة‬ ‫رافة‬ ‫ُخ ُخ‬ Rabbit fish fish Large Large eyed eyed rabbitfish rabbitfish Habitat: benthic, coastal and shallower in temperate waters up to 200 m depth.

VU Med

Distribution: North Eastern Atlantic from France to Mauritania, and the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

151

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Snout obtuse

Nostrils and mouth edges dark

Disc rhomboid, front edge more or less sinuous

© C. Capapé

DASYATIDAE

)‫راية السِ عة مشوكة (قادو‬ Roughtail stingray Dasyatis tortonesei, Tortonese’s stingray ‫السعة‬ ‫ – راية رخامية‬JDP Marble stingray )‫راية السعة شائعة (حمام‬ Common stingray EN Tortonese’s SP Rayalátigo de FR Pastenague AR )‫( حمام‬ Tortonese’s stingray DD VU Tortonese de Tortonese Honeycombstingray stingray ‫ هندية‬Not ‫راية‬listed Honeycomb stingray SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed‫السعة‬ GFCM: Global Med )‫(الزرقايا‬ ‫راية السعة بنفسجية‬ Pelagic stingray )‫(ترش‬ Round stingray Size: up to 84 cm in disc wide. )‫(حصيرة‬ ‫راية الفراشة‬ Spny butterfly ray )‫عقاب البحر (البقرة‬ Common eagle ray less sinuous; tail 1.2-1.4 times )‫(البقرة‬more or ‫بقرة‬ ‫راية‬ Bull ray Description: snout obtuse and disc rhomboid, front margin length of disc with a short membranous fold below.

Dorsal surface without ‫ راية طائرة‬large tubercles, but Lusitanian Cownose ray more or less covered with denticles in larger adult )‫قرنو‬specimens. ‫ (عينو في‬Olive-brown ‫ شيطان البحر‬to greyish on the back; Devil fish ventral side white with a brown border around the disc.

Viviparous, with of 3-9 pups, disc ‫رافة‬litters ‫ُخ‬ Rabbit fish width 15-16 cm at birth.

Large eyed rabbitfish Habitat: benthic, coastal and shallower in temperate waters up to 100 m depth.

Distribution: North Eastern Atlantic from France to Mauritania, and the Mediterranean Sea; absent in the Black Sea. Remarks: probably synonym of D. pastinaca. It needs confirmation.

152

Dorsal surface olive-brown to greyish

Dorsal surface whitish to yellowish brown with a leopard-like pattern of dark rings more or less large

b

a: interorbital space b: orbital length

a = 2.5-3.6 b

Pointed snout

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

a

Tail with dark brown cross-linking

© N. Yücel

DASYATIDAE

Himantura leoparda, Honeycomb stingray – DKL EN Honeycomb stingray

SP NA

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR NA

CITES: Not listed

AR NA

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

VU

NE

Global

Med

Size: up to 140 cm in disc wide (about 410 cm TL).

Description: Disc rhombic and robust, apex of the pectoral fins rounded. Snout broadly triangular wit a small apical lobe. Usually one sting on the caudal part of the tail. Dorsal surface yellowish brown with a leopard-like pattern of dark rings more or less large. Ventral side white. Viviparous, disc width 20 cm at birth.

Habitat: Demersal on sandy and muddy bottoms of the continental shelf up to 70 m depth.

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, from South Africa to Eastern Australia and Japanese waters. Its occurrence in the Mediterranean must be confirmed.

Remark: recently in the north Levantine Sea a new Himantura species has been described as H. leoparda.

153

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

a

a: interorbital space b: orbital length a = 1.8-3.4 b

Pattern of dense spots

b

Tail with spots and signs similar to rings Serrated stinging spine

© R. Bonfil

)‫راية السِ عة مشوكة (قادو‬ Roughtail stingray ‫راية رخامية السعة‬ Marble stingray DASYATIDAE )‫راية السعة شائعة (حمام‬ Common stingray Himantura uarnak, Honeycomb stingray )‫ (–حمام‬DHV Tortonese’s stingray Honeycomb stingray EN Honeycomb FR Pastenague AR ‫راية هندية السعة‬ Honeycomb stingray SP Chupare oval VU NE stingray indienne )‫(الزرقايا‬ ‫راية السعة بنفسجية‬ Pelagic stingray )‫(ترش‬ Round stingray SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Med )‫(حصيرة‬ ‫راية الفراشة‬ Spny butterfly ray )‫عقاب البحر (البقرة‬ Common eagle ray Size: up to 160-200 cm in disc wide, (450 TL) )‫(البقرة‬ ‫راية بقرة‬ Bull ray ‫راية طائرة‬ Lusitanian Cownose ray Description: snout obtusely and angled; disc almost rhomboid. Dorsal surface with a series )‫(عينو في قرنو‬ ‫شيطان البحر‬ Devil fish of tubercles on the middle part of disc. Brown or pale yellowish on the back, with ‫ ُخرافة‬dark spots Rabbit fish or reticulations spots, bars or reticulations, making a bright pattern; ventral side cream white.

Large eyed rabbitfish Viviparous, with litters of 2 pups (3-5 for some Authors), disc width 21-28 cm at birth.

Habitat: lessepsian species. Demersal on sandy and muddy bottoms of the continental shelf up to 50 m depth.

Distribution: Indian Ocean, including Borneo, Red Sea and recently also the Mediterranean Sea along the coast of the Levantine basin.

154

ra a

a

olacea cea s

us ta

a s

Dorsal surface from dark purple to dark greenish blue

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

10-12 broad-based papillae

Relatively long and narrow fold under the tail

© N. Ungaro

)‫مشوكة (قادو()قادو‬ ‫مشوكة‬ ‫السِ عة‬ ‫راية عة‬ Roughtail Roughtail stingray stingray ِ‫راية الس‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رخامية‬ ‫رخامية‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Marble Marble stingray stingray )‫حمام‬ )‫حمام‬ ( ( ‫شائعةشائعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Common Common stingray stingray DASYATIDAE )‫حمام‬ )‫حمام‬ ( ( Tortonese’s Tortonese’s stingray stingray Pteroplatytrygon violacea, Pelagic stingray – PLS Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫هنديةهندية‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray stingray Raja látigo violeta Pastenague EN Pelagic SP FR AR )‫الزرقايا‬ )‫الزرقايا‬ ( ( ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Pelagic Pelagic stingray stingray LC violette )‫ترش‬ )‫ترش‬ ( ( Round Round stingray stingray )‫حصيرة‬ )Not ‫حصيرة‬ (listed ( ‫الفراشة‬ ‫الفراشة‬ ‫ رايةراية‬Global Spny butterfly butterfly rayray CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: SPA/BDSpny PROTOCOL: Not listed )‫البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ ( ( ‫البحرالبحر‬ ‫عقابعقاب‬ Common Common eagle eagle rayray )‫البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ ( ( ‫بقرةبقرة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ BullBull rayray Size: up to 80 cm in disc wide. ‫طائرة‬ ‫طائرة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Lusitanian Lusitanian Cownose Cownose rayray )‫قرنو)قرنو‬ ‫عينو في‬ ‫عينو في‬ ( ( ‫البحرالبحر‬ ‫شيطان‬ ‫شيطان‬ Devil Devil fishfish Description: snout rounded, disc almost triangular with margins convex. Floor of mouth with 10-12 ‫رافةرافة‬ ‫ُخ ُخ‬ Rabbit Rabbit fishfish papillae. Dorsal and ventral surfaces blue dark. Viviparous, with litters of 2-9 pups, disc width 14-20 Large Large eyed eyed rabbitfish rabbitfish

LC Med

cm at birth.

Habitat: pelagic species in all tropical and temperate waters. In the water column up to about 400 m depth.

Distribution: cosmopolitan species including the Mediterranean Sea, absent in the Black Sea.

155

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Disc almost circular

Grey, brown or olivaceous on the back

Tail with a lower membranous fold that ends sharp

© F. Serena

)‫راية السِ عة مشوكة (قادو‬ Roughtail stingray ‫راية رخامية السعة‬ Marble stingray )‫راية السعة شائعة (حمام‬ Common stingray )‫( حمام‬ Tortonese’sDASYATIDAE stingray Honeycomb stingray Taeniurops grabatus, Round stingray – RTB ‫راية هندية السعة‬ Honeycomb stingray )‫(الزرقايا‬ ‫راية السعة بنفسجية‬ Pelagic stingray Round stingray Chupare redondo Pastenague EN SP FR AR )‫(ترش‬ Round stingray DD DD africaina )‫(حصيرة‬ ‫راية الفراشة‬ Spny butterfly ray ( ‫البحر‬ ‫عقاب‬Not listed Common eagle rayPROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS:)‫البقرة‬ SPA/BD Not listed GFCM: Global Med )‫(البقرة‬ ‫راية بقرة‬ Bull ray ‫راية طائرة‬ Lusitanian Cownose ray Size: up to 80 cm in disc wide. )‫(عينو في قرنو‬ ‫شيطان البحر‬ Devil fish ‫ُخرافة‬ Rabbit fish Description: disc almost circular, tail relatively short with a membranous fold below up to tip of tail.

Large eyed rabbitfish Dorsal surface with just only some denticles along midline. Colour grey, brown or olivaceous on the back, underside yellowish-white. Viviparous, reproductive biology not well known.

Habitat: demersal species in tropical and temperate waters on rocky and sand bottoms up to 300 m depth.

Distribution: Atlantic from the Gulf of Biscay to Angola and the Mediterranean Sea, absent in the Black.

156

Dorsal surface with some denticles along midline

a

ea acea

a

Head not distinct from disc, not forming a rostrum

Disc very broad

Serrated spines

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Tail very short

)‫قادو)قادو‬ ( ( ‫مشوكة‬ ‫مشوكة‬ ‫السِ عة‬ ‫راية عة‬ Roughtail Roughtail stingray stingray ِ‫راية الس‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رخامية‬ ‫رخامية‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Marble Marble stingray stingray )‫حمام‬ )‫حمام‬ ( ( ‫شائعة‬ ‫شائعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Common Common stingray stingray )‫حمام‬ )‫حمام‬ ( ( Tortonese’s Tortonese’s stingray stingray Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray GYMNURIDAE ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫هنديةهندية‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray Gymnura altavela, Spiny butterfly RGL )‫الزرقايا‬ )ray ‫الزرقايا‬ ( (–‫بنفسجية‬ ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Pelagic Pelagic stingray stingray )‫ترش‬ )‫ترش‬ ( ( Round Round stingray stingray butterfly ray SP EN Spiny FR Raie-papillon AR )‫حصيرة‬ )‫حصيرة‬ ( ( ‫الفراشة‬ ‫الفراشة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Spny Spny butterfly butterfly rayRaja ray mariposa espinuda épineuse )‫البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ ( ( ‫البحرالبحر‬ ‫عقابعقاب‬ Common Common eagle eagle rayray ‫البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ ( ( ‫بقرةبقرة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Bull Bull rayray Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM:)GFCM/42/2018/2 SPA/BD PROTOCOL: ‫طائرة‬ ‫طائرة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Lusitanian Lusitanian Cownose Cownose rayray )‫قرنو‬ )‫قرنو‬ ‫عينو في‬ ‫عينو في‬ ( ( ‫البحرالبحر‬ ‫شيطان‬ ‫شيطان‬ Devil Devil fishfish Size: up to 400 cm in disc wide. ‫رافة‬ ‫رافة‬ ‫ُخ ُخ‬ Rabbit Rabbit fishfish Large Large eyed eyed rabbitfish rabbitfish © M.N. Bradai

VU

CR

Global

Med

Description: snout obtuse, disc about twice as broad as long; tail very short, with serrated spines near base. No dorsal fin. Dorsal surface with thornlets in adults. From dark brown to greyish-brown or reddish-brown on the back; underside white. Viviparous, with litters of 1-8 pups, disc width 38-44 cm at birth.

Habitat: benthic species in subtropical and temperate waters on sand bottoms, sometimes on the posidonia beds, up to 150 m depth.

Distribution: is patchily distributed across the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Absent in the Black Sea.

157

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Surface colour plain dusky bronze

Head distinct from disc, forming a rostrum as a broad projection

Pectoral fins wing-like with pointed tips

One or several stings and a small dorsal fin at base

)‫قادو‬ )‫قادو‬ ( ( ‫مشوكة‬ ‫مشوكة‬ ‫عة عة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Roughtail Roughtail stingray stingray ِ‫السِالس‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رخامية‬ ‫رخامية‬ ‫راية‬ ‫راية‬ Marble Marble stingray stingray )‫حمام‬ )‫حمام‬ ( ( ‫شائعة‬ ‫شائعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Common Common stingray stingray © F. Serena )‫حمام‬ )‫حمام‬ ( ( Tortonese’s Tortonese’s stingray stingray Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫هندية‬ ‫هندية‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray MYLIOBATIDAE )‫الزرقايا‬ )‫الزرقايا‬ ( ( ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫السعة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Pelagic Pelagic stingray stingray Myliobatis )‫ترش‬ )‫ترش‬ ( ( Round Round stingray stingray aquila, Common eagle ray – MYL )‫حصيرة‬ )‫حصيرة‬ ( ( ‫الفراشة‬ ‫الفراشة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Spny Spny butterfly butterfly rayray Common ENCommon SP Aguila marina FR Aigle commun AR)‫البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ ( ( ‫البحر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫عقاب‬ ‫عقاب‬ Common eagle eagle rayray eagle ray )‫البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ ( ( ‫بقرةبقرة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Bull Bull rayray ‫طائرة‬ ‫رايةراية‬ Lusitanian Lusitanian Cownose Cownose ray CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not‫طائرة‬ SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Notray listed listed )‫قرنو‬ )‫قرنو‬ ‫فيفي‬ ‫عينو‬ ‫عينو‬ ( ( ‫البحر‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫شيطان‬ ‫شيطان‬ Devil Devil fish fish ‫رافةرافة‬ ‫ُخ ُخ‬ Rabbit Rabbit fish fish Size: 80 cm disc wide up to 150 cm.

Large Large eyed eyed rabbitfish rabbitfish

DD

VU

Global

Med

Description: snout rather short and rounded. Disc with broadly angular corners. Origin of the dorsal fin behind pelvic fin tips. Brown or dusky bronze dorsally, ventral side white with a brownish margin. Viviparous, with litters of 3-7 pups, disc width smaller than 19 cm at birth.

Habitat: benthic species in subtropical and temperate waters on sandy and muddy bottoms up to 200 m depth.

Distribution: ranges throughout continental shelf and offshore waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Outside the Mediterranean Sea, its range extends throughout the eastern Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

158

Front like duck’s bill Head distinct from disc, forming a rostrum as a broad projection

Pectoral disc with sharply curved, angular corners;

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Dorsal surface with 7-8 pale transverse strides in juvenile specimens, plain brown in adults

)‫مشوكةقادو)(قادو‬ ( ‫مشوكة‬ ‫عةالسِ عة‬ ‫راية‬ Roughtail Roughtail stingray stingray ِ‫راية الس‬ ‫السعةالسعة‬ ‫رخاميةرخامية‬ ‫راية راية‬ Marble Marble stingray stingray )‫شائعةحمام)(حمام‬ ( ‫شائعة‬ ‫السعةالسعة‬ ‫راية راية‬ Common Common stingray stingray )‫( حمام() حمام‬ Tortonese’s Tortonese’s stingray stingray © F. Serena Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray ‫السعةالسعة‬ ‫هندية هندية‬ ‫راية راية‬ Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray )‫الزرقايا‬ )‫الزرقايا‬ ( (‫بنفسجية‬ ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫السعةالسعة‬ ‫راية راية‬ Pelagic Pelagic stingray stingray AETOBATIDAE )‫(ترش()ترش‬ Round Round stingray stingray Aetomylaeus MPO )‫حصيرة‬ ( ( ‫الفراشةالفراشة‬ ‫راية راية‬ Spny Spny butterfly butterfly ray ray bovinus, Bull ray –)‫حصيرة‬ )‫البحرالبقرة()البقرة‬ ( ‫البحر‬ ‫عقاب عقاب‬ Common Common eagleeagle ray ray Bull ray EN ray SP Chucho vaca FR Aigle Vachette AR )(‫راية بقرة (البقرة‬ )‫البقرة‬ ‫راية بقرة‬ Bull Bull ray DD ‫طائرة‬ ‫طائرة‬ ‫راية‬ ‫راية‬ Lusitanian Lusitanian Cownose Cownose ray ray ‫قرنو‬listed )‫في‬ ‫عينوقرنو‬ ‫في‬ ( ‫البحر(عينو‬ ‫البحر‬ ‫ شيطانشيطان‬Global Devil Devil fishPROTOCOL: fish SPA/BD Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: )Not GFCM: Not listed ‫ُخرافة ُخرافة‬ Rabbit Rabbit fish fish LargeLarge eyedeyed rabbitfish rabbitfish

CR Med

Size: disc wide up to 220 cm.

Description: front lobe of pectoral fin under snout rather long and a little pointed in front like a duck’s bill. Origin of the dorsal fin before pelvic fin tips. Dorsal surface plain brown in adults, with several (7-8) pale transverse blue-grey stripes in the juvenile specimens, ventral side whitish.

Viviparous, with litters of 3-7 pups, disc width smaller than 45 cm at birth.

Habitat: benthic species in subtropical and temperate waters on sandy bottoms and sometimes in the sandy canals of the posidonia beds or into little circular basins up to 150 m depth.

Distribution: Eastern Atlantic from Portugal to South Africa. Also in the Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea.

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IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Subrostral lobe deeply incised Head distinct from disc, forming a rostrum as a broad projection Colour plain greenish brown to bronze

Tail with 1 sting and a small dorsal fin at base

)‫راية السِ عة مشوكة (قادو‬ Roughtail stingray ‫راية رخامية السعة‬ Marble stingray )‫راية السعة شائعة (حمام‬ Common stingray )‫( حمام‬ Tortonese’s stingray © M. Ducrocq Honeycomb stingray ‫راية هندية السعة‬ Honeycomb stingray )‫(الزرقايا‬ ‫راية السعة بنفسجية‬ Pelagic stingray )‫(ترش‬ Round stingray RHINOPTERIDAE )‫(حصيرة‬ ‫راية الفراشة‬ Spny butterfly ray Rhinoptera marginata, Lusitanian )‫(البقرة‬Cownose ‫ عقاب البحر‬ray – MRM Common eagle ray )‫(البقرة‬ ‫راية بقرة‬ Bull ray EN Lusitanian AR ‫راية طائرة‬ Lusitanian Cownose ray SP Gávilan lusitánico FR Mourine NT DD lusitanienne )‫(عينو في قرنو‬ ‫شيطان البحر‬ Devil fish Cownose ray ُlisted Rabbit fish SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: ‫رافة‬ Not ‫خ‬ Global Med Large eyed rabbitfish Size: disc wide up to 100 cm, perhaps also 200 cm.

Description: head distinctly concave in front. Pectoral fins slightly falcate, outer angle blunt. Dorsal surface without thorns or thornlets. Colour greenish brown to bronze on the back; ventral side whitish.

Viviparous, with litters of single pups (some authors stated 2-6), disc width about 23 cm at birth.

Habitat: benthic species in subtropical and temperate waters on sandy bottoms up to 30 m depth.

Distribution: Eastern Atlantic from Spain to Morocco and the Mediterranean, absent in the Black Sea. Remarks: For a long time, there have not been reported catches of this species in the Mediterranean.

160

ea lacea

s ta

Head distinct from disc, forming a rostrum

More or less dark blue color with usually a whitish band around the head

Disc 2-3 times wider than it is long. Head fins

Apex of the dorsal fin white

)‫مشوكة(قادو)(قادو‬ ‫مشوكة‬ ‫رايةعةالسِ عة‬ Roughtail Roughtail stingray stingray ِ‫راية الس‬ ‫السعةالسعة‬ ‫رخامية‬ ‫رخامية‬ ‫راية راية‬ Marble Marble stingray stingray )‫شائعةشائعة(حمام()حمام‬ ‫السعةالسعة‬ ‫راية راية‬ Common Common stingray stingray )‫حمام)حمام‬ ( ( Tortonese’s Tortonese’s stingray stingray Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray © F. Serena ‫السعةالسعة‬ ‫هنديةهندية‬ ‫راية راية‬ Honeycomb Honeycomb stingray stingray )‫الزرقايا‬ )‫الزرقايا‬ ( ( ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫بنفسجية‬ ‫السعةالسعة‬ ‫راية راية‬ Pelagic Pelagic stingray stingray )‫(ترش()ترش‬ Round Round stingray stingray )‫حصيرة‬ )‫حصيرة‬ ( ( ‫الفراشة‬ ‫الفراشة‬ ‫راية راية‬ SpnySpny butterfly butterfly ray ray MOBULIDAE )‫البقرة)البقرة‬ ( (‫البحرالبحر‬ ‫عقابعقاب‬ Common Common eagle eagle ray ray Mobula mobular, Devil fish – RMM )‫البقرة)البقرة‬ ( ( ‫راية بقرة‬ ‫راية بقرة‬ Bull Bull ray ray ‫طائرةطائرة‬ ‫راية راية‬ Lusitanian Lusitanian Cownose Cownose ray ray fish EN Devil FR Mante )AR ‫قرنو)قرنو‬ ‫عينو في‬ ‫البحرالبحر (عينو( في‬ ‫شيطانشيطان‬ Devil Devil fish fish SP Manta EN ‫ُخرافة ُخرافة‬ Rabbit Rabbit fish fish Large Large eyedeyed rabbitfish rabbitfish SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix I & II GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

ra

Cephalic fins present

EN Med

Size: disc wide up to 520 cm.

Description: typical cephalic fins in front of the head. Base of dorsal fin beyond hind tips of pectoral fins; one or several serrated spines on the tail behind dorsal fin. Grayish-blue dorsal surface often with a dark band on the shoulder area, tip of the dorsal fin white. Ventral side white. Viviparous, with litters of 1-2 pups, only one in general, after a gestation period of 20-25 months. Disc width about 160 cm at birth.

Habitat: epipelagic species in temperate waters. Occurs both in neritic and offshore from surface up to 600−700 m depth.

Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, and possibly in the nearby Northeast Atlantic, absent in the Black Sea.

161

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

© Creative Commons Zero (CC0)

162

Chimaera fishes One gill slit

SHARKS RAYS

SHARKS CHIMAERAS

Body elongated with spindly tail, head large and stout, a notable first dorsalâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;fin spine. Second dorsal fin low and elongated, lateral line canals on head and trunk sticky

CHIMAERIFORMES

anal fin present

Chimaera

anal fin absent

Hydrolagus

163

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

First dorsal fin short-based with a higher strong spine in front

Body with a stout head Skin smooth. Blue or greenish-silvery on back and flanks, sometimes creamy below

Frontal tenaculum in mature male

anal fin short and low, well separated from caudal fin

Roughtail stingray Marble stingray Common stingray Tortonese’s stingray Honeycomb stingray Honeycomb stingray Pelagic stingray © F. Serena Round stingray Spny butterfly ray Common eagle ray CHIMAERIDAE Bull ray Chimaera Lusitanian Cownose ray Devil fish Rabbit fish EN Rabbit fish Large eyed rabbitfish

)‫(قادو‬

‫راية السِ عة مشوكة‬ ‫راية رخامية السعة‬ )‫راية السعة شائعة (حمام‬ )‫( حمام‬

‫راية هندية السعة‬ ‫راية السعة بنفسجية‬ )‫(ترش‬ )‫(حصيرة‬ ‫راية الفراشة‬ )‫عقاب البحر (البقرة‬ )‫(البقرة‬ ‫راية بقرة‬ Rabbit fish ‫طائرة‬ – CMO ‫راية‬ )‫(عينو في قرنو‬ ‫شيطان البحر‬ FR Chimère AR ‫خرافة‬ ُ )‫(الزرقايا‬

monstrosa, SP Chimère commune

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

commune

CITES: Not listed

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

NT

NT

Global

Med

Size: total length up to 100 cm.

Description: body with a stout head and trunk tapering to a whip-like caudal filament. Snout short and conical with a little overhanging mouth. First dorsal fin short-based with a higher strong spine in front; second dorsal fin long; anal fin short and low, well separated from caudal fin. Skin smooth except for denticles on male organs on the head. Blue or greenish-silvery on back and flanks, sometimes creamy below. Oviparous, young are alike adults and hatch at about 10 cm in total length.

Habitat: epipelagic species in temperate waters. Occurs both in neritic and offshore from surface up to 600−700 m depth.

Distribution: Atlantic coasts from Morocco to Iceland, Northern part of Norway and Northern North Sea. Widespread throughout the Mediterranean Sea, except for the northern Adriatic and Black seas. Probably this species is more abundant in the east than western.

164

First dorsal fin short-based with a higher strong spine in front

Body with a stout head

Body uniformly dark brown, fins darker, caudal filament whitish

Frontal tenaculum in mature male

SHARKS RAYS CHIMAERAS

Anal fin continuous with the caudal fin

© M.M.S. Ferrag

CHIMAERIDAE

Hydrolagus mirabilis, Large eyed rabbitfish – CYH EN Large eyed rabbitfish

SP Quimera ojón

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed

FR Borrico

CITES: Not listed

AR NA

CMS: Not listed

GFCM: Not listed

NT Global

Med

Size: total length up to 80 cm.

Description: body tapering from a massive head and trunk to caudal fin with a long whip-like filament. Snout short and conical, mouth overhanging. Base of the first dorsal fin short, triangular and high, with a strong spine in front; pectoral fins well reaching beyond origin of pelvic fins; anal fin continuous with the caudal fin. Skin smooth except for denticles on male organs. Body uniformly dark brown, fins darker, caudal filament whitish. Oviparous, young are alike adults and hatch at least about 18 cm in total length.

Habitat: chimaera in cold and temperate waters with a depth range of 450 to 1933 m, but generally occurring below 800 m. Occurs on muddy bottom probably also on rocky reef.

Distribution: Eastern North Atlantic: from Iceland to Northern Spain, and continuous to off the Northwest African coast. Recently has been reported in the Western North Atlantic and also in the Mediterranean.

165

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Sponges and Corals Vasilis Gerovasileiou1, Marzia Bo2, Joana R. Xavier3,4 and Maria del Mar Otero5 1

Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece

2

Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Italy

3

CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto, Portugal

4

Department of Biological Sciences and KG Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, University of Bergen, Norway

5

IUCN-Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Malaga, Spain

Source materials and references Bo M (2017). Deep-sea corals of the Mediterranean Sea. FAO, I7256EN. http://www.fao.org/3/ a-i7256e.pdf Bo M., Gaamour A., Sana K., Hanem D., Mhedhbi B., Zied G., Ahmed Kassab T., Grinyó J., Domínguez C., Ambroso S., Muñoz A., Díaz D, Mallol S. (2014). Visual guide for benthic bycatch of artisanal fishing gears. EU ENPI CBC MED, ECOSAFIMED project, 50 p.

Xavier JR & Bo M (2017). Deep-sea sponges of the Mediterranean Sea. FAO, I6945EN. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6945e.pdf

Photo credits Photos were kindly provided by: Vasilis Gerovasileiou (HCMR, Heraklion), Marzia Bo (DISTAV, Genova), Joana R Xavier (CIIMAR – Univ. Porto and BIO - Univ. Bergen), Eleni Voultsiadou (AUTH, Thessaloniki), Caterina Stamouli (HCMR, Athens), Jordi Grinyó (CSIC, Barcelona), Javier Cristobo (IEO Gijón), Francisca Carvalho (UiB, Bergen), Francisco Sanchez (IEO, Santander), Federico Betti and Francesco Enrichetti (DISTAV, Genova)

Acknowledgements We would like to thank Baris Ozalp (COMU, Çanakkale), Karim Ben Mustapha (INSTM, Tunis), Younès Saoud (UAE, Tetuan) for their valuable input and suggestions.

Symbol for data reporting Sponges are classified based on the main morphological categories rather than sponge species names. Sponges not exhibiting these morphologies should be termed as ‘others’. Shorthand codes for each caterory (e.g.-KERA) are provided to allow taking notes faster on the bycatch note sheets.

166

Sponges Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are amongst the most ancient animals in the world’s oceans. In some areas they form highly structured habitats known as sponge grounds, aggregations, gardens or reefs. These habitats play key ecological roles: ➜ serving as shelter and a nursery; ➜ providing food for numerous other species of invertebrates and fish; ➜ mediating the transfer of energy between the benthic and pelagic systems; SPONGES

➜ participating in biogeochemical cycling processes.

Demosponges (class Demospongiae) Demosponges, also known as siliceous sponges, represent the largest and most diverse class within Porifera. Approximately 670 demosponge species are known to occur in the Mediterranean Sea. Their shape and size range from thin crusts, to various sizes of globular, vase cushion-, and tree-like sponges. Colouration, derived from pigments or symbiotic micro-organisms, covers a wide spectrum (from white to black) including yellow, orange, red, blue, green, purple, brown, etc.

Consistency depends on the skeletal composition and varies between soft, compressible, elastic, to tough and rock hard.

Glass sponges (class Hexactinellida) Hexactinellids, also known as glass sponges, constitute a predominantly deep-sea group, typically occurring at bathyal and abyssal depths (i.e. below 200m). Nine hexactinellid species occur in the Mediterranean Sea. Their external morphology usually varies between vase, blade, cup or tubeshaped and both stalked and non-stalked forms exist. Colouration is mostly in shades of white, beige and yellow.

167

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

MAIN MORPHOLOGICAL CATEGORIES TO DISTINGUISH IN THE BYCATCH 1. Massive sponges (several sub-categories) – MASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

169

1.1. Keratose sponges (e.g. Sarcotragus spp.) – KERA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 1.2. Hard (sub-)spherical sponges (e.g. Geodia spp.) – GEOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 1.3. Stony sponge (Petrosia ficiformis) – PETR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 1.4. Massive-tubular gold sponges (Aplysina spp.) – APLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 1.5. Other massive sponges (to be recorded as “Other massive”) – OTHR . . . . . . . . . . . 173 2. Globular sponges – GLOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

174

3. Arborescent sponges – ARBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

175

4. Fan-shaped sponges – FANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

176

5. Lamellate to cup-shaped sponges – LAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

177

6. Lamellate rock sponges – ROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

178

7. Birds’ nest glass sponge (Pheronema carpenteri) – BIRD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

179

8. Felt vase glass sponge (Asconema setubalense) – FELT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

180

168

1. Massive sponges – MASS

1.1. Massive keratose sponges – KERA ü Large group of massive sponges in various shapes, from more or less irregular to subspherical or massive-tubular. ü Their surface bears openings (oscules) and numerous conules, small or large, depending on the species. Internally, most species bear large cavities. ü Their colour varies from brownish to purple-grey or black. ü They have a very dense and compressible texture (bath sponges) and only some species are easy to tear. ü Size up to 1 m across.

SPONGES

ü This category includes protected species.

Sarcotragus sp.

Hippospongia communis

Sarcotragus sp.

Ircinia variabilis

169

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1.2. Massive, (sub-) spherical hard sponges (Geodia spp.) – GEOD ü Massive sponges occurring in a variety of shapes, from irregular to convoluted masses; younger specimens are usually (sub)spherical. ü They bear openings (oscules) which are grouped together and located in depression areas on the top surface of the sponge. ü They have a tough but slightly compressible consistency. ü Size up to 50 cm in diameter. ü This category includes protected species (Geodia cydonium).

Geodia cydonium is yellow in colour and has a hispid/ harsh surface often covered with sediment.

170

1.3. Massive Mediterranean stony sponge (Petrosia ficiformis) – PETR ü Massive lobose sponges with large sharp-edged openings (oscules) on the upper side. ü Consistency is hard but slightly compressible, crumbly inside. Texture is velvety. ü Outer colouration varies from dark red/burgundy (in shallower areas) to off-white (in deeper and darker areas) whereas inner colouration is always off-white.

SPONGES

ü Size up to 50 cm across.

Petrosia ficiformis (burgundy morph)

Petrosia ficiformis (white morph) 171

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1.4. Massive-tubular gold sponges (Aplysina spp.) – APLY ü Massive sponges with a cushion-like base from which several finger-like tubes project. ü The tubes are somewhat flattened at the top and bear a single large opening (oscule). ü Consistency is somewhat flexible and compressible. ü Colour is golden yellow when fresh, turning to greenish-blue/violet black after a few minutes of exposure to air. ü Size up to 50 cm across. ü This category includes protected species.

Aplysina upon air exposure SPA/BD Protocol: Annex II

Freshly collected Aplysina SPA/BD Protocol: Annex II

172

1.5. O ther massive sponges (to be recorded as “Other massive”) – OTHR ü Several sponge species have a massive shape, ranging from irregular to sub-spherical or massive-tubular. ü Colour, consistency and texture vary between different species.

SPONGES

ü Size up to 1 m across.

Massive orange sponge Agelas oroides

173

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

2. Globular sponges – GLOS ü Globular sponges with usually one large apical opening. ü Consistency is firm yet slightly compressible. ü The surface texture varies from even and velvety (in Suberites domuncula) to lumpy and rough (in Tethya or Thenea). ü Colour varying from yellow to orange, red and brown. ü Some species (S. domuncula) are frequently inhabited by hermit crabs. ü Size up to 10 cm in diameter. ü This category includes protected species (Tethya spp.).

Suberites domuncula

Tethya aurantium SPA/BD Protocol: Annex II

Thenea spp. have root-like structures projecting from the base, by means of which it attaches to soft substrate.

174

3. Arborescent sponges – ARBS ü Stalked arborescent sponges. ü Numerous flexible and soft branches. ü Colouration is yellowish/orange, depending on the species. ü Size up to 1.5 m height.

SPONGES

ü This category includes protected species.

Axinella sp.

Axinella cannabina SPA/BD Protocol: Annex II

175

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

4. Fan-shaped sponges – FANS ü Several sponges have a more or less flat shape which resembles a fan. ü Some fan-shaped species are attached to the seabed by a narrow stalk. ü Their surface is more or less smooth. ü Some species are flexible and others hard but friable. ü Their colour varies from whitish/whitish beige to ochre-yellow or even bright orange, depending on the species. ü Size up to 30 cm wide.

Phakellia ventilabrum

Phakellia robusta 176

5. Lamellate to cup-shaped sponges – LAMS ü Irregular morphology ranging from lamellate to cup-shaped and more or less massive sponges. ü Their colour varies from brownish to grey or black, depending on the species. ü Some species are flexible and others hard, depending on the species. ü Size up to 1 m across.

SPONGES

ü This category includes protected species.

Spongia lamella

Calyx nicaeensis 177

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

6. L amellate rock sponges (Leiodermatium sp.) – ROCK ü Erect sponges with a lamellate shape, from irregular to convoluted masses. ü Consistency is rock-hard and texture is rough. ü Colour is off-white to light brown sometimes presenting a light blue tinge. ü Size up to 1 m across.

Leiodermatium pfeifferae

178

7. B irds’ nest glass sponge (Pheronema carpenteri) – BIRD ü Globular to sub-cylindrical sponges which resemble a bird’s nest. ü The surface is “hairy” and shows an intricate network of spicules. ü Texture is fibrous and compressible. ü It is attached to the substrate by means of a basal tuft of spicules. ü Can be found in large numbers as the only species or alongside other sponge species (it forms sponge aggregations).

SPONGES

ü Size up to 20 cm in height.

Pheronema carpenteri

179

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

8. Felt vase glass sponge (Asconema setubalense) – FELT ü Vase-shaped glass sponge. ü It has a thin fibreglass-like wall. ü When collected by dredge/trawl, the appearance can be that of “felt” shreds. ü Colour is off-white to grey or brownish with sediment. ü Can be found in large numbers (i.e. it forms sponge aggregations). ü Size up to 1 m in height.

Asconema setubalense

180

Fishermen of Cinarcik Town, Turkey. © Kerem Gogus | Dreamstime.com

181

MedMT

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

MedMT

Corals Corals are marine organisms of class Anthozoa (Phylum Cnidaria), a relatively well-known group that comprises hard and soft corals, gorgonians, sea pens, black corals and anemones. The generic term CORAL is given to those anthozoans showing a rigid, calcareous skeleton that live on the sea floor, commonly attached to a hard surface, while more rarely they can be found in soft sediments.

They have a flower-like appearance: they are often branched and tree-like, usually quite colourful, and their polyps have tentacles that, when extended, look like flower petals. Corals can be solitary, colonial and many of them can form dense aggregations (or forests), creating three-dimensional habitats occupied by numerous other organisms. In the Mediterranean Sea, anthozoans account for about 150 species, of which 26 species are endemic. Given their morphology, they can be entangled by fishing gears targeting demersal species and are landed on board of fishing vessels.

Symbol for data reporting Corals are classified based on the main morphological categories rather than coral species names.

Those not exhibiting these morphologies should be termed as ‘others’. Shorthand codes for each CORALS

caterory (e.g.-WHIT) are provided to allow taking notes faster on the bycatch note sheets.

MAIN MORPHOLOGICAL CATEGORIES TO DISTINGUISH IN THE BYCATCH 1. White corals – WHIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 2. Bright yellow or salmon-pink hard corals (Dendrophyllia spp.) – DEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 3. Colonial hard corals (Cladocora caespitosa) – CLAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 4. Arborescent black corals – BLAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 5. Soft corals – SOFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 6. Sea pens – PENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 7. White, stem-like sea pens – STEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 8. Bamboo corals – BAMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 9. Salmon-pink, brittle fan-shaped gorgonians (Callogorgia verticillata) – CALL . . . . . . . 192 10. Thick and tall red, yellow fan-shaped gorgonians– FANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 11. Thin, delicate white, reddish, yellow fan-shaped gorgonians – THIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 12. Flexible white and salmon-pink fan-shaped gorgonians - (Eunicella spp.) – EUNI . 195 13. Precious red coral (Corallium rubrum) – REDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 14. Candelabrum-shaped, red gorgonians (Ellisella paraplexauroides) – ELLP . . . . . . . . . . 197 15. Tall, white or yellow whip gorgonians (Viminella flagellum) – VIMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

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IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1. White corals – WHIT ü They are called “white corals” due to the white colour characterizing their skeletons although they can occasionally show a salmon-pink colouration. ü Madrepora oculata has a distinctive zigzag pattern of the corallites (i.e. cups containing the polyps). ü Lophelia pertusa has characteristic trumpet-shaped corallites with marked septa. ü They are mainly found along canyons, between 200 and 1800m depth.

Madrepora oculata

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Lophelia pertusa

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2. Bright yellow or salmon-pink hard corals (Dendrophyllia spp.) – DEND ü Dendrophyllia species form arborescent, rigid colonies that may develop a large basal trunk. ü They can form small, bright yellow colonies, with an irregular distribution of the corallites (Dendrophyllia cornigera). ü They may also be salmon-pink or light orange with whitish polyps and display short circular corallites often arranged in two lateral rows (Dendrophyllia ramea).

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ü Occasionally, dead skeletons of dendrophyllids can be mistaken onboard for white corals.

Dead dendrophyllids

Dendrophyllia cornigera

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SPA/BD Protocol: Annex II

Dendrophyllia ramea

VU

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Med

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IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

3. Colonial hard corals (Cladocora caespitosa) – CLAD ü A wide array of other hard corals can be found in the fishing bycatch from shallow waters up to 300 m depth, including fragments or entire cushion-like colonies of Cladocora caespitosa. ü This coral is brown in appearance when alive and grey-whitish when collected dead.

Cladocora caespitosa

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4. Arborescent black corals – BLAC ü Corals characterized by spiny skeletons that appear black when the colony loses its living tissue. ü Four species are considered typical of the Mediterranean basin: ü Antipathella subpinnata shows a tree-like morphology, with plumose, thin ramifications covered by small, white polyps. Up to 1.5 m in height. Depth: 60-700m. ü Parantipathes larix has single-stem or sparsely branched colonies with a bottlebrush morphology. If damaged, it looks like a spiny black stick. Depth: 100-2000 m. ü Leiopathes glaberrima is a tree-like species, with short, curved branchlets, orange or white in colour. Its skeleton is smooth and shiny. Depth: 100-2000 m. ü Antipathes dichotoma colonies show numerous, long and flexible ramifications giving it an overall willow-like aspect. Up to 1.5m height. Depth: 70-800m.

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Antipathella subpinnata

Parantipathes larix

SPA/BD Protocol: Annex II

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Leiopathes glaberrima

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Antipathes dichotoma SPA/BD Protocol: Annex II

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5. Soft corals – SOFT ü Soft corals lack a rigid skeletal support, making them capable, when on-board, of contracting and greatly reducing in size. ü Alcyonium palmatum is one of the most common soft corals of the basin. It is found on muddy and sandy bottoms, from 20 to 200 m depth, fixed to the ground with its dark stalk on shells and pebbles. It has a finger-like, orange appearance, almost the size of a hand. The basal part of the colony is white with no polyps and ends in a short stalk that is buried in the sediment. ü Far less common, are the tree-like, orange-whitish colonies of the species Chironephthya mediterranea, found attached to hard substrata between 100 and 200 m depth in the Western basin.

Alcyonium palmatum

Chironephthya mediterranea 188

6. Seapens – PENS ü Sea pens are colonial octocorals, up to 20 cm high, showing a feather-like or elongated, cylindrical appearance, usually characterized by bright colours. ü They all live anchored in soft bottoms thanks to a bulbous peduncle at the end of the stalk but some of them are still capable of limited movements.

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ü They may form dense populations from 20 to 600 m depth.

Pteroeides spinosum and Pennatula spp.

Veretillum cynomorium 189

stelliferum

quadrangularisKophobelemnon

Funiculina

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

7. White, stem-like sea pens – STEM ü White, stem-like sea pens occasionally form dense clusters in undisturbed areas. ü The species Funiculina quadrangularis is characterized by whitish-creamy, whip-like colonies exceeding 200 cm in length, living from 20 to over 2000 m depth in compact mud.

Despite being flexuous, the colonies have a brittle axial skeleton and spiny polyps. ü Kophobelemnon stelliferum forms elongated, cylindrical and clavate colonies up to 20 cm high and with a greyish colouration; it is found on bathyal soft bottoms between 200 and 800 m depth.

Funiculina quadrangularis VU Med

Kophobelemnon stelliferum

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stelliferum

quadrangularisKophobelemnon

Funiculina

8. Bamboo corals – BAMB ü The bamboo coral Isidella elongata displays the typical candelabrum-shaped morphology, like a bamboo plant. The skeleton is formed by black nodes alternating with white internodes. ü Colonies, up to 70 cm high, live between 120 and 1900 m depth on compact mud forming, when undisturbed, dense meadows. ü A similar species, but more arborescent in appearance and orange is apparently less common in the basin (Acanella arbuscula).

Isidella elongata

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ü They both use a root-like anchorage to fix in the mud.

CR

SPA/BD Protocol: Annex II Med

Root-like anchorage of Isidella elongata

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IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

9. S almon-pink, brittle fan-shaped gorgonians (Callogorgia verticillata) – CALL ü The brittle fan-shaped gorgonian Callogorgia verticillata is characterized by branched, fan-like colonies, exceeding 1 m in height, whose feathery branches resemble palm leaves. ü The dense content of carbonate gives this gorgonian a brittle consistency. ü Typically displaying a salmon-pink colouration. ü This species forms mixed coral gardens with other gorgonian species usually between 90 and 900 m depth.

Callogorgia verticillata SPA/BD Protocol: Annex II

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10. Thick and tall red, yellow fan-shaped gorgonians – FANG ü Large, fan-shaped or arborescent gorgonians with colonies characterized by a rough or spiny surface. ü One species, Acanthogorgia hirsuta displays bright yellow colonies, seldom exceeding 30 cm high, with a spiny aspect. It forms dense populations between 70 and 500 m depth on hard substrates. ü Paramuricea clavata, a widely distributed gorgonian forming shallow-water forests from 5 to 250 m depth, is characterized by large, rigid colonies, up to 1m high, with thick ramifications, carmine red and/or yellow, lacking long spines. All these species turn

CORALS

black when dried.

Acanthogorgia hirsuta

Paramuricea clavata VU Med

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macrospina

Paramuricea

cavolini

verrucosaEunicella

Eunicella

MT

IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

11. Thin, delicate white, reddish, yellow fan-shaped gorgonians – THIG ü Small-sized (up to 20 cm high), fan-shaped gorgonians with thin ramifications and a rough surface, although never with a spiny appearance. ü These species are mostly known from the Western basin in deep waters (from 40 to 1000 m) and have a grey, white, yellow, reddish or brown colouration. ü Paramuricea macrospina is often associated to coralligenous concretions or mäerl and is the most coloured.

Paramuricea macrospina

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cavolini

verrucosaEunicella

Eunicella

MT

12. Flexible white and salmon-pink fan-shaped gorgonians (Eunicella spp.) – EUNI ü Large, fan-shaped colonies, up to 70 cm high, well branched in all directions and with densely crowded polyps. Ramifications have a smooth, fine-grained surface. ü Eunicella cavolini shows a yellow, orange, or salmon-pink colouration with branches terminating in a cylindrical apex. ü Eunicella verrucosa is white with shorter branches showing a pointed apex surrounded by tall polyps.

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ü Up to 70 cm in height. From 2 to 200 m.

Eunicella cavolini

Eunicella verrucosa 195

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13. Precious red coral (Corallium rubrum) – REDC ü The colonies of the precious red coral have a completely calcified, totally inflexible, red axis. ü When collected, the polyps can be seen as white. ü Occasionally, long-dead colonies turn whitish due to the occurrence of encrusting organisms, with holes produced by boring sponges. ü Colonies are usually 10-20 cm high. ü Most populations are found between 30 and 150 m depth but they can be found down to 1000 m.

Corallium rubrum

EN

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14. C andelabrum-shaped, red gorgonians (Ellisella paraplexauroides) – ELLP ü This category is represented by the gorgonian species Ellisella paraplexauroides. ü It displays large, branched and flexuous colonies with long, whip-like, upright branches usually rising near the base of the colony and resulting in a candelabrumshaped aspect. ü Colonies are typically brick red and they may grow as much as 2 m high. ü This species is rare and patchily distributed in the Western Mediterranean basin, mainly along the Southern coasts, from 15 to 250 m depth.

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ü It is locally abundant in the Alboran Sea on rocky substrates and in the Sicily Channel.

Ellisella paraplexauroides

VU

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15. T all, white or yellow whip gorgonians (Viminella flagellum) – VIMF ü This category is represented by the gorgonian species Viminella flagellum. ü It is characterized by large (more than 1 m high), whip-like colonies occasionally with one or a few branches, usually rising from the middle of the stem. ü The colony is robust but still very flexible. ü Polyps are easily recognizable, being large, cylindrical and bent upwards. ü Two different colourations are known, white or orange-yellow that do not change when the colony is dried. ü It prefers hard substrates at 100-200 m depth, where it forms dense meadows, although it has been sighted down to more than 500 m.

Viminella flagellum

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© Igor Kiporuk Dreamstime.com

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Project Partners Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area (ACCOBAMS) Established under the auspices of the UNEP Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (UNEP/CMS), ACCOBAMS is a regional cooperation agreement, whose mandate is to achieve and maintain a favourable conservation status for cetaceans in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, and the contiguous Atlantic area. It entered into force in 2001 and includes 24 Contracting Parties.

The Agreement is based on a detailed Conservation Plan, which provides specific provisions related to conservation, research and management measures. In particular, it provides that Parties shall assess and manage human-cetaceans interactions, such as the incidental catches in fisheries, which are one of the main threats to cetaceans, recognized as vulnerable species. The ACCOBAMS Permanent Secretariat, hosted by the Principality of Monaco, provides support to the Parties in the implementation of the ACCOBAMS provisions.

General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) The GFCM is a regional fisheries management organization (RFMO) established under FAO provisions and composed of 24 contracting parties and five cooperating non-contracting parties.

Its mandate is to ensure the conservation and the sustainable use of marine living resources, at the biological, social, economic and environmental level, as well as the sustainable development Logos en anglais, avec versions courtes des of logos ONU Environnement et PAM

aquaculture in the Mediterranean and in the Black Sea. In support of FAO objectives, the key

function of the GFCM is to adopt binding recommendations and ensure that riparian states meet

La version longue des logos ONU Environnement et PAM doit ĂŞtre utilisĂŠe dansles documents ou juridiques.

Laversioncourtedes logosest destine tous les produitsde communication tourns versle public.

their national, regional and international commitments on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture development, towards a level-playing field. GFCM policy and activities are implemented through its Secretariat, including in collaboration with multiple partner organizations.

Specially Protected Areas Regional Activity Centre (SPA/RAC) of the United Nations Environment Programme /Mediterranean Action Plan (UN Environment/MAP) The SPA/RAC was established in Tunis in 1985 following a decision of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention. As one of the seven components of the Mediterranean Action Plan, its mission consists in supporting the Contracting Parties in the implementation of the Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean (SPA/BD Protocol). SPA/RAC works in close collaboration with governmental and non-governmental

8

organizations at both the national and regional levels. The Centre contributes to the conservation and sustainable management of threatened species, ecosystems and areas of particular natural and cultural value in the Mediterranean and to the mitigation of impacts of human activities (including fisheries) in the Mediterranean Sea.

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International Union for Conservation of Nature – Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation (IUCN-Med) IUCN is a membership union composed of both government and civil society organizations. It harnesses the experience, resources and reach of its more than 1,300 member organizations and the input of more than 10,000 experts. IUCN is the global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures needed to safeguard it. The IUCN-Med opened in Malaga, Spain in October 2001 with the core support of the Spanish Ministry of Environment, the Regional Government of Andalucía and the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID). The Centre’s mission is to influence, encourage and assist Mediterranean societies in sustainably conserving and using the natural resources of the region, work with IUCN members and cooperate with all other agencies that share the objectives of IUCN.

BirdLife Europe & Central Asia BirdLife Europe & Central Asia (BL ECA) is a partnership of 48 national conservation organisations that strives to conserve birds, their habitats and biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in the use of natural resources. We are one of the six regional secretariats that compose BirdLife International, a global partnership of 121 NGOs worldwide – and growing.

BirdLife is widely recognised as the world leader in bird conservation. Rigorous science informed by practical feedback from projects on the ground in important sites and habitats enables us to implement successful conservation programmes for birds and all nature. Our actions are providing both practical and sustainable solutions significantly benefiting nature and people. We are driven by our belief that local people, working for nature in their own places but connected nationally and internationally through our global Partnership, are the key to sustaining all life on this planet. This unique local-to-global approach delivers high impact and long-term conservation for the benefit of nature and people.

Mediterranean Association to Save the Sea Turtles (MEDASSET) MEDASSET is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) registered as a non-profit organization in Greece. It plays an active role in the study and conservation of sea turtles and their habitats throughout the Mediterranean by conducting scientific research, providing environmental education, lobbying relevant decision-makers and raising public awareness. The organization is a partner to UNEP/MAP and, since 1988, has been a permanent observer-member to the Bern Convention, Council of Europe.

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