July/August 2012

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JULY/AUGUST 2012 $6.95

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MikeMartino

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Vancouver 604 420-1331

Ottawa

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Saskatoon 306-651-7350

Bantford 519-757-0965

Calgary 403-250-6579

Edmonton 780-443-3072

W. Toronto 905-606-2345

Montreal 450-674-3883

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* Figure does not represent guaranteed results. Actual results dependent upon conditions beyond Goodman brand gas furnaces. Claim not verified by Goodman Manufacturing. Contact independent dealer for additional information.

M e c h a n i c a l

TA B L E

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CONTENTS O F

F E AT U R E S 22Getting into hot water

Adam Freill

37Whether it’s for heating or cooling, if

32Commercial vehicle roundup

Part 2: Trucks Howard J Elmer

you are moving BTUs in a building with a hydronic system then you won’t want to miss the second of our twice-annual WHAT supplements.

Control is the operative word for this edition, which starts on page 37.

54Find the fix 77COHA’s Cleaner Heat 2012 82Adding residential sprinklers to your repertoire Denise Deveau

88HVAC control in electrical rooms Jay Dasgupta

90The AAV: Is it really cheating?

Sam Steele

94Exploring renewed geothermal frontiers Denise Deveau

78COVER FEATURE

97Tool Tip

Known for setting Canadian and Olympic speed skating records, Catriona Le May Doan’s Olympic career isn’t over just because she retired from skating. She’s just moved her playing field to the broadcast booth.

Adam Freill

98Keeping it cool, down the drain Nick Tallos

MB

SPECIALISTS 18HVAC/R Heading up to the attic Gord Cooke

26REFRIGERATION CO2 cascade systems Part 2 Phil Boudreau

30ASK ROGER Ownership: Generation 2.0 Roger Grochmal

44HYDRONICS I can see the light (commercial) Bob “Hot Rod” Rohr 80MARKETING Preparing for home show season Doug MacMillan

108WORLD VIEW Maintenance for disease prevention Jeff Patchell

P R O D U C T S 20,100HVAC/R 70,104Hydronics 86,102Plumbing 105Stuff you need

D E PA R T M E N T S 04From the editor’s desk 06News 16Profile: Malcolm Dennison 106The Info Page 107Calendar 110By the numbers mechanicalbusiness.com

CHECK US OUT ONLINE

On the cover: Olympic champion speed skater Catriona Le May Doan is picking up the microphone and joining the broadcast team for the 2012 London Olympic Games. Photo: Ewan Nicholson Photography

FROM Content Media Group Inc. 19 – 1525 Cornwall Road Oakville, ON L6J 0B2 CANADA Tel: 905.465.2919 Fax: 905.465.2913 www.mechanicalbusiness.com July/August 2012 Issue Published 6 times per year.

Editor: Adam Freill, ext. 224 adam.freill@mechanicalbusiness.com Associate Editor/Web Editor: Jeb Roberts, ext. 225 jeb.roberts@mechanicalbusiness.com National Accounts Manager: Laura Goodwin, ext. 221 laura.goodwin@mechanicalbusiness.com Controller: Liz Mills liz.mills@mechanicalbusiness.com Art Direction: JJM Graphic Ltd. davem@jjmgraphic.com Circulation Manager: Shila Naik (905) 272-4175 shila.naik@mechanicalbusiness.com Publisher: Bruce Meacock, ext. 222 bruce.meacock@mechanicalbusiness.com PM:41536047 ISSN 1916-0674 MB (Print) ISSN 1906-0682 MB (Online)

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Mechanical Business also reserves the right to edit said submitted materials to suit the editorial needs and mandate of the publication.

That statement struck a chord with me, and I think it is because it rings true in the mechanical sector as well. The number of new products that have been developed over the past four or five years has been staggering.

Training, training, and more training For a comprehensive list of training opportunities, be sure to check out the industry training section at www.mechanicalbusiness.com

Sure, the scientific principles that are in play for water delivery and environmental comfort have not changed, but the tools and equipment that control the flow of air and fluids most certainly ha ve. From pumps that automatically adjust to temperature, pressure and flow, to residential thermostats that sense when a homeowner is a way, it seems like there’s always a new breakthrough product on the horizon.

And while all of this product development is a very good thing, it is also a challenge that must be met by everyone who is on the front lines of selling, installing and servicing this equipment. Today, more than ever, the ability to gather information, learn and adapt makes an individual invaluable to their company.

Thankfully there are a lot of suppliers willing to offer tr aining to their customers, both in person and online. And, of course, we do our best to bring you food for thought on projects, products and applications in our pages too.

So with summer underway, and thoughts of escaping for a bit of R&R, I encourage you to grab a magazine or two, surf a few training sites, and catch up on the latest controls, layout designs and tools that will help you stay on top of the latest developments in the trade.

Until next time,

Adam Freill, Editor

© Copyright 2012. The contents of this magazine may not be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission of the publisher.

Proud members of:

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Over the past month or two, I’ve been fortunate enough to get a sneak peek at a number of new products that will be hitting the market over the next half-year or so .

At a media preview for a power tool company, the company’s president said something about the number of new products that his company had in development, and that it was the busiest period of innovation that he can recall in his many years in the industry.

From time to time, Content Media Group Inc. makes subscribers’ names available to reputable companies whose products or services may be of interest to readers. If you would like your name excluded from these mailings, please notify the publisher.

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Learn, adapt, grow

Notice: Mechanical Business is published for owners, managers and decision makers with mechanical contracting firms and the sector's supply chain partners in Canada. While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information, Mechanical Business, Content Media Group Inc., its staff, directors, officers and shareholders (‘The Publisher’) assume no liability, obligation or responsibility for advertised claims, for errors and/or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of this information. Manufacturers’ instructions take precedence over published editorial. The publisher reserves the right to publish a printed correction in a subsequent issue for editorial errors, omissions and oversights.

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News www.mechanicalbusiness.com

Delivering the message

CGC calls for halt to drilling regulation

“If nobody is listening, don’t shout; change the message.” That was one of the lessons that Dr. Samantha Nutt, founder and executive director of War Child Canada, brought to delegates at the CIPH Ontario Region Conference, held in late May in Collingwood, Ont. Working under the theme of “True blue sustainability,” Nutt talked about working towards her goal of sustainable peace, while others at the event discussed sustainable building practices and the role that mechanicals play in the efficiency movement. ciph.com

The Canadian GeoExchange Coalition is requesting a suspension of the recently introduced drilling regulations in the province of Ontario. In May, after an incident in Oakville, Ont., in which a borehole struck a large volume of natural gas hundreds of metres deep, the provincial government announced that geothermal installers would be required to obtain an Environmental Compliance Approval (ECA) before closed-loop drilling for geothermal systems.

“This regulation was adopted in a few days without any industry or public consultation,” said Denis Tanguay, president and CEO of the Canadian GeoExchange Coalition. “The current improvised regulation is equivalent to a province-wide stop-work order for all geothermal drilling for an extended and unknown period of time for no valid technical, scientific reason.” geoexchange.ca

Changes at Noble

Tony Egan, marketing manager of S.A. Armstrong, discusses system balancing.

Engineers descend on T.O. S.A. Armstrong held its 2012 International Engineering Visit in Toronto in June. The event, held at the Sutton Place Hotel, brought approximately 200 industry professionals together to discuss such design elements as the building envelope , chiller plants and pump selection. Attendees were also treated to tours of Maple Leaf Gardens and the Armstrong facilities. armstrongpumps.com

In late June Noble president and former co-owner Michael Storfer resigned from his position. “The decision to leave Noble was not an easy one,” he said. “After a successful 19-year career with the company, I felt that now is the right time to bring in new leadership that will see Noble through to its next stage of growth.” Michael served the company for 19 years, playing a key role in the br and’s expansion and continuing to steer the company after its acquisition by Rona five years ago. “Michael is a dynamic entrepreneur and leader whose commitment to growing our commercial and professional market division was untiring,” said Rona CEO Robert Dutton. Jim Anderson, Noble’s current vice-president of sales, has been named general manager but will continue to lead sales until his replacement is named. noble.ca

Follow Us on Twitter! It’s M B’s Twitter Roundup Caught the twitter bug? We've got you covered with daily tweets about everything that matters to the mechanical trades in Canada. Follow us @mechbusiness.

Catriona Le May Doan

Carrier Enterprise

Was an honour to win Olympic #HVAC Fact: A/C was first used medals, but now much more in the 1920s as a way to get special to share the medals and people to come to the movie memories with all Canadians! theater. Now, 82% of buildings use it!

June 7th June 16th

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Brian Baeumler

David Chilton

Is this heat radiating down from your ceiling? Up the R value in the attic ... also keeps you warmer and save $$ in winter.

I've received a couple of hand-written letters.

Love that form of communication. They're always read more carefully.

June 20th

June 25th

Celebrating 20 years Members of the ClimateCare co-operative met up in Vaughan, Ont., in May for their annual general meeting, and to celebrate the cooperative’s 20-year anniversary. As part of the event, professional trainer Kerry Ward walked the group through “The 7 Habits of Excellence” and Dunc Wilson, director of national dealer development with Home Hardware Stores, talked about the success of his company, a co-op upon which ClimateCare was modelled.

The ClimateCare board of directors.

climatecare.com

Efficiency brings opportunities At the May HRAI Toronto Chapter meeting, Mechanical Business contributor Gord Cooke discussed risks and opportunities for the HVAC industry as CSA guidelines increasingly push builders and installers towards new benchmarks in efficiency. “As we approach net zero for new builds, the most cost-effective choices won’t be solar panels,” he said. “The most cost-effective choices will be still be energy conservation by using more efficient equipment.” hrai.ca

Finding gold in Edmonton Christopher Wilson, Ryan Voscek and Michael Scheideman have all qualified for the 2013 WorldSkills Competition to be held in Leipzig, Germany. The three took top honours in their respective tr ades at the 2012 Skills Canada National Competition, which took place in Edmonton, Alberta, in May. Ontario’s Wilson won in sheet metal work; Voscek, also from Ontario, took the top spot in plumbing; and Alberta’s Scheideman won gold in refrigeration and air conditioning. skillscompetencescanada.com

Spotlighting the tops in trades

Two hundred and fifty-two chillers previously operating on CFC refrigerants were converted or replaced in 2011 in Canada. This figure roughly matches the number of conversions/replacements in 2010. According to HRAI’s 2011 update on the Canadian CFC chiller stock study, which was released in June, a total of approximately 3,640 chillers ha ve now been converted or replaced, bringing the rate of conversions/replacements to 83 per cent in 2011 (up from 72.2 per cent in the previous year).

United Association Local 46 hosted the 2012 United Association Canadian National Apprentice Competition at its training facilities in Scarborough, Ont., in June. The event featured 15 competitors from across Canada representing the trade disciplines of plumbing, steamfitting, welding, HVAC and sprinklerfitting. Top honours went to Ben Wagner in plumbing, Dennis Cowan in HVAC, Reid Percy in steamfitting, Brandon Edgar in Judge Dave DeRaadt inspects one of the sprinkler fitting and Mike Purdy contestants’ work. in welding. All of the winners now have the opportunity to compete at the UA competition that will be held at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor in August, and will feature competitors from all UA regions in North America.

hrai.ca

ualocal46.org

CFC conversions ongoing

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Photo: Renée Rietveld, CaGBC

ASHRAE tackles VRF

The 2012 ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Systems and Equipment includes a new chapter on variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems.

“This new chapter covers the A to Z of variable refrigerant flow – from application of VRF to understanding how VRF works and from analyzing a building load in terms of VRF to zoning with VRF,” says chapter author Paul Doppel, chair of ASHRAE’s technical committee on variable refrigerant flow. Other updates to the 2012 handbook include a rewritten chapter on duct construction and new chapters on fans and thermal storage.

CaGBC president & CEO Thomas Mueller speaks at the organization’s 2012 conference.

Green building in Toronto More than 850 people attended the Canada Green Building Council’s annual National Conference and Expo at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in June. This year's theme, “Beyond Buildings: The Green City,” covered next-generation buildings and communities, revitalizing existing neighbourhoods, advances in building performance, and innovations in green homes and affordable housing.

ashrae.org

MARCH/APRIL 2012

EC 2011 NOV/D $6.95

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Renew your subscription, free of charge at mechanicalbusiness.com 7 PM #4153604

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CAF seeks members After learning that its funding would be cut in March of 2013, The Canadian Apprenticeship Forum (CAF) has launched its first membership campaign, which calls for champions of apprenticeship to support national research and initiatives. “We’ve become a place where the apprenticeship community comes together to share its successes and collaborate to effect change,” said Dave Suess, CAF’s incoming chair. “It’s time for stakeholders who recognize this v alue to step forward and put some skin in the game .”

Sustainability tool kit launched In celebration of World Environment Day on June 5th, Johnson Controls unveiled “Driving Transformation to Energy Efficient Buildings: Policies and Actions,” a tool kit designed to help reduce the impact of the estimated 6.5 billion people who will live and work in urban buildings by 2050. Presented in Colombia earlier this year, the tool kit provides templates and analysis tools to help governments create policies that address growing energy demands. johnsoncontrols.com

caf-fca.org

New green benchmarks announced The Canada Green Building Council (CaGBC) has completed a national consultation on the prerequisites for LEED certification of homes in Canada. The new minimum for energy performance in the LEED Canada for Homes rating system will be EnerGuide 80 for all homes registering after August 1, 2012. Prescriptive and HERS (Home Energy Rating System) paths will also be adjusted. cagbc.org

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Rethinking selling strategies Old-school selling techniques have lost their value in a technologically accelerating marketplace, says branding strategist Jeremy Miller. In a seminar titled “Selling Is Dead,” presented during the CIPH IPVF Council luncheon in Oakville, Ont., in May, Miller spoke about the importance of focusing on branding rather than relying on traditional sales relationships.

tekmar receives OESP award

“The new role of the salesperson isn’t to sell,” he said. “It’s to offer expertise that helps the customer digest all the information that new technologies make a vailable to them.”

The National Association of Oil and Energy Service Professionals (OESP) named tekmar the 2012 Manufacturer of the Year for its contributions to the oil and energy industry. The award was presented during the 59th Annual Convention and Trade Show on May 22, 2012, in Providence, RI. “We’d like to thank our employees and representatives for their commitment to promoting education and customer support. This award is dedicated to them,” said Greg Leupin, tekmar’s sales and marketing manager. naohsm.org

ciph.com

APP ALERT Targeting DIY refrigeration kits

Home energy audit app One Stop Green has developed a mobile app that lets consumers conduct a free home energy audit from their iPhone or iPod Touch. The app asks users questions about their lighting, HVAC system and windows and then calculates a score that shows them where their property excels and where it needs improvement. onestopgreen.com

Refrigerant reference Bitzer’s Digital Refrigerant Ruler app is an intuitive saturated pressure temperature reference wheel that includes over 70 refrigerants found in A/C and refrigeration systems. The app, which is available for iOS, Android and Blackberry devices, can accommodate both imperial and metric units simultaneously. Users can customize the reference wheel by assigning preference to the refrigerants they most commonly use. bitzer.ca

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HRAI is taking its campaign addressing the safety hazards posed by hydrocarbon refrigerant DIY kits for residential and commercial air conditioning systems to the public through a PR campaign targeting newspapers across Canada. Comparing the refrigerant to the propane used in barbecue tanks, HRAI president Warren Heeley warned that hydrocarbon refrigerants, which are composed of propane andisobutane, are far more dangerous than the non-flammable refrigerants used by qualified air conditioning technicians. “Canadians need to know that flammable refrigerants used in home or business air conditioning systems can create the potential for a serious explosion and fire, which could result in injury or death,” he said. hrai.ca

Looking to hire?

Check out MB’s online career section, home of the latest industry job postings. mechanicalbusiness.com

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08.12

Movers and Shakers www.mechanicalbusiness.com

Thermadyne now Victor In late May, Thermadyne Holdings Corporation announced that it will now be known as Victor Technologies Group Inc., and that the name of its wholly owned subsidiary Thermadyne Industries Inc. will be Victor Technologies International Inc. Victor, which is the company’s most established brand, will celebrate its 100th anniversary in 2013. victortechnologies.com

Modine buys Geofinity Modine Manufacturing Company, a supplier of thermal management technology, has signed a definitive asset purchase agreement to acquire priv ately held Geofinity Manufacturing of Surrey, B.C. The purchase will give Modine a full line of geothermal heat pumps in both water-to-water and water-to-air models. modine.com

Systemair expands network Systemair has signed an agreement to acquire Change’Air, a Canadian manufacturer of ventilation equipment and air handlers for schools and other public buildings. Change’Air’s distribution network includes 42 states and six provinces, and its head office is located in Aylmer, Ont. systemair.com changeair.com

Redmond Hearth adds line All Amantii wall-mount series electric fireplaces, and most Amantii built-in series electric fireplaces, are now available through Redmond Hearth. The vent-free units can be installed in nearly any room and can be operated with or without heat. All sales and technical support for the products will be handled through Redmond Hearth’s Mississauga, Ont., location at 5605 Timberlea Blvd. (Tel. 905-602-4588). redmondhearth.ca

Wolseley branches out Wolseley Canada, distributor of plumbing, hydronic, HVAC/R and PVF products, has announced the opening of a new plumbing and hydronics branch in Milton, Ont. Company veteran Darren Wright will manage the branch, which is located at 8039 5th Line North, Unit #2, and can be reached at 905-875-5625. woleseleyinc.ca

Morden names reps Morden National has hired Northway Sales to be its exclusive representative for Northern Ontario, and has named Dave Vallières & Associates Inc. its representative for Quebec and the Ottawa region. Northway is in French River, Ont., and can be reached at 705-562-0066. Dave Vallières & Associates is located in Pointe-Claire, Que., and can be reached at 514-630-6848.

Deschênes location planned

mordennational.com

CIPH moves

RSES relocates

CIPH’s offices have moved two floors up, to Suite 504 at 295 The West Mall in Toronto. The phone number remains 416-695-0447.

RSES has relocated its corporate headquarters.

The new address is 1911 Rohlwing Road in Rolling Meadows, IL. The office can still be reached at 800-297-5660.

ciph.com

rses.org

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Deschênes & Fils Ltée, a wholesale distributor of plumbing, heating and fire-protection products, recently announced it will be opening a new branch in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Que., in the Montérégie area. According to the company, the branch will be operational by the fall of 2012. It will be located at 655 Boucher St. deschenes.ca

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em fully-integrated syst AquaRise ofngferss ana d va lves. AquaRise of pipe, fittient and primer allows for solvent cemsembly. fast, easy as ®

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08.12

People in the news www.mechanicalbusiness.com

Wolseley Canada has promoted GILLES PÉTRIN (left) to the role of vicepresident of sales and business development. Also at the company, PAUL KENNEDY (bottom left) has been promoted to vice-president of plumbing, AKBAR MAKALAI (bottom middle) has assumed the role of vicepresident of HVAC/R, and GLEN HENDERSON (bottom right) has been named vice-president of the company’s newly combined EPG/Waterworks business group, named Wolseley Engineered Waterworks Group.

REHAU has announced that CHRISTIAN FABIAN will serve as CEO of its North American operations.

Christian brings more than 20 years of experience working within the company’s global locations, including in Germany, France and England.

Wolf Steel has appointed ANDREW GABURA to the role of account manager for the GTA southwestern Ontario region. Representing the Napoleon and Continental brands, Andrew will be responsible for the company’s HVAC sales and marketing programs in the Ontario market.

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COLIN AVES has joined GeoSmart as the company’s western territory manager for Alberta and B.C.

BMI Canada has hired MICHEL SOMOGYI as a sales representative for the company’s eastern Canadian territory.

ALLEX CHIN has been appointed director of operations for pipe and fittings solutions at Royal Building Products. Allex brings extensive experience in plastic extruding and injection moulding to his new position.

Mits AirConditioning Inc. has appointed ANTON WOLMARANS to the role of product manager and application engineering. Wolmarans was previously with Mitsubishi Electric’s HVAC division.

RANDY HUGHES has joined Power Marketing Inc. as account manager for the Greater Toronto Area, Muskoka, the Kawarthas and Haliburton Highlands in Ontario.

Novo Water Conditioning has appointed PAUL FELIX to the role of commercial applications engineer. In this role Paul will support the company’s sales group and commercial customers with equipment application and customer service support.

MARK TALMA has been appointed to the role of managing director for CPS Canada. He will continue to serve as sales manager for UEi Test Instruments.

LOUIS THIVIERGE has signed on at Viega as the company’s district sales manager for Quebec. Louis brings with him 25 years of mechanical and industrial expertise.

Hired someone lately?

Zurn Canada has named JIM FESSLER director of sales and marketing. The company is also restructuring its Canadian management, with BRYON KEATS serving as area manager for B.C., Alberta and Saskatchewan; MARK BARWOOD managing Ontario and Manitoba; and ROLF FISCHER overseeing Quebec and Atlantic Canada.

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Let the mechanical world know through the pages of Mechanical Business.

To have your company’s personnel announcements included, free of charge, in an upcoming edition of Mechanical Business, simply send a note and a few details, to adam.freill@mechanicalbusiness.com.

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08.12

Profile

Malcolm Dennison: Reflecting on a lifetime of service In this rapid-paced world, it’s rare to celebrate 50 years of anything.

But that’s just what the plumbing and heating industry did during this year’s MEET show in Moncton, N.B., where NTI’s Malcolm Dennison

How did you get started in the industry?

Q A

Q A Q A

In 1945, when I was 14 years old, I started working in the warehouse of the James Robertson Company, a plumbing and heating wholesaler in Saint John, N.B. I worked there for 17 years. Then I started Dennison Sales as a manufacturer’s agent.

We were the first Canadian agency for New Yorker Boiler Company out of Colmar, Penn.

How has the industry changed?

1. Malcolm is active in the charity work of his local Shriners. “I was named potentate of the temple in Saint John in ’87, and I still devote a lot of my time to the group.”

2. In 1995, Malcolm passed control on to his son, Kevin Dennison. The family has now welcomed a third generation into the company.

3. Malcolm still visits the plant every day and attends most trade shows. “That’s something that’s very important to me.

I’ll spend an hour or so there just to know what’s going on. It keeps me active, and I can’t imagine not being there.”

M e c h a n i c a l

You’ve got to be honest, and you have to admit when you’re wrong. You also have to treat it like a business — you ha ve to give people the best deal you can, but you can’t play favourites or it’ll come back to you.

What advice would you give to someone who’s just getting started?

A

Work hard and take it seriously. You can’t get started in this business and expect to be successful just working eight-hour days.

And don’t give up — the ups and downs are just a part of this industry.

Q

How did it feel to receive the 50 Years of Service award?

A

It was very emotional for me. I’ve been in this

What do you enjoy about this industry?

Definitely the people. There’s always been a good group of people to work with.

What are the key lessons you’ve learned from running your business?

Q

The biggest change is that the pace is so much faster these days. There weren’t always this many salespeople on the road, and lines are a lot easier to get now.

FAST FACTS

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Q A

received a very special 50 Years of Service a ward. Shortly after the celebration, we asked Malcolm to share some of the lessons he’ s learned during his many years of service.

B u s i n e s s

BIO Name: Malcolm Dennison Company: NTI (formerly NY Thermal) Title: President (retired) Resides in: Saint John, N.B. Joined the industry: 1945

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business since I was just a boy, and I’d never received anything like that before. It was really a great moment.

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HIGH-PERFORMANCE HVAC

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Taking on the whole house The “whole house” fan option was an old-southern strategy to use cool night air to flush out houses before central air conditioning became widely available.

The whole house fan is typically installed in the ceiling, and new versions of the equipment have tight fitting, well-insulated louvers that open up as the fan comes on.

HEADING up to the ATTIC

O

Gord Cooke is a professional engineer who has spent 20 years helping builders and HVAC contractors implement innovative technologies into highperformance homes. He has particular expertise in IAQ and air flow management in houses, and can be contacted at gcooke@airsolutions.ca.

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In a Canadian context, making sure this assembly is truly air tight and well insulated is critical since the fan is not going to be used in the winter months.

The strategy relies on homeowners opening windows on lower levels as soon as the temperatures outside are cool enough to provide some benefit, and turning on the fan that exhausts into the attic. Of course, adequate roof or gable vents are needed to allow for the escape of air.

n a hot summer day, can you think of any worse place to be than in an attic? Well, as I crawled my There are risks to this approach, way through the cramped, dusty, blazingly hot 100however. Do not overlook the backdraft year-old attic of my brother’s house last summer, a couple of potential of water heaters, nor the thoughts came to mind that are perhaps of interest to impact of the introduction of cool, damp mechanical contractors. air in humid climates.

First, it prompts an assessment of the risks involved with putting any mechanical equipment or ductwork in attics at all. That is why I was up there in the first place – to troubleshoot Where to use whole house fans problems with the air conditioning system that had been shoe-horned into that space I was in the foothills west of Calgary a while many years ago. back, in a house that had large west-facing glass with lots of evening heat gain. The cool, dry Second, you start to wonder if it might be mountain night air was a great alternative to a effective or efficient to find a way to reduce central air conditioner in this application. the attic temperature to reduce cooling costs, increase comfort and perhaps even increase Similarly, summer homes or cottages, climates the life span of roofing materials. where there is only very occasional overheating, and in older homes without forced air heating From the street that big 12/12 pitch roof may ductwork where adding central air is seem like an attractive, open space for prohibitively expensive, are all potential mechanical equipment and ductwork, or at opportunities for whole house fans. the very least an opportunity for an attic fan, but before making any recommendations I There are commercial applications as well, such encourage you go wander around that attic on as summer evening gathering halls, theatres or the hottest summer day and contemplate the churches where the high intermittent people loads can be offset by cool summer air. science behind how modern attics really work. It should take about five minutes to decide how much work you want to do up there in future.

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• Wh e r e t o u s e w h o l e h o u se fan s • A t t ic o p p o r t u n it ies

ATTIC OPPORTUNITIES

for HVAC contractors

Looking at mechanical attic ventilation strategies, remember that the purpose of traditional attic ventilation was to wipe away potential condensing moisture on the underside of the roof deck in winter, and to keep the underside of the roof deck cooler in the summer to extend shingle life. The intent was not to ventilate the entire attic but to create air movement across the underside of the roof deck.

We now know, with the added levels of insulation in virtually all attics, the best way to avoid winter attic condensation problems is to ensure the attic floor (the ceiling of the house) is properly and thoroughly air sealed to eliminate leakage of warm, moist air into the much colder attic space in the first place.

Any attempt to use mechanical ventilation to try and reduce moisture levels in attics without first air sealing the attic floor creates more problems than it solves because the negative pressure induced by the mechanical exhaust increases the moist air leakage.

Mechanical attic ventilation is a summer opportunity where powered attic fans and whole house fans may come into play.

Why put HVAC systems in ATTIC

SPACES?

I hope we can all agree that the highly variable temperature and moisture regime in an attic, coupled with the poor access and compromise of insulation and air barrier integrity should eliminate attics as a suitable place for mechanical equipment or ductwork at all.

I know that in some applications – such as my brother’s house, which had old cast iron radiator heating and no easy access for ductwork – that the attic is about the only place to run air conditioning ductwork, but be reminded that they have been putting ductwork in attics for many years in the U.S. and they are now spending millions of dollars in retrofit programs and are trying to change building codes quickly to get it back out.

Learn from the mistakes of others and find creative ways to keep ducts in conditioned space – especially in new homes. Dropped ceilings, boxed-in ductwork and open web floor joists between floors are all options being used with great success in the U.S. to keep ducts inside.

Another popular strategy is to “condition” the attic, making it part of the thermal enclosure.

This means taking the insulation to the underside of the roof deck. In a Canadian context, in my opinion, this can only be durably and reliably done using properly applied spray foam insulation to ensure an air tight and consistent thermal break at the roof line.

It does have the added advantage of providing extra conditioned storage space in the attic, however, and in a new house with proper truss design, it could even allow for “bonus” rooms within the ever-higher pitched roofs that have become popular.

If you are left with no choice but to put heating or cooling ducts in unconditioned attic space, be reminded that most building codes in Canada require supply and return ducts to be insulated to no less than R12 in unconditioned areas. Most pre-insulated flexible duct systems are less than R4, some have an option of R8.

Be ready to double wrap ductwork, or ensure it is buried in the insulation. More importantly, take great care to durably air seal the ducts. After all, they may be in service for 30 years (or more) with little access for service.

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HVAC/R Products P Residential Gas Furnace The variable speed Coleman LX Series TM9V residential gas furnace has an AFUE rating of 96 per cent, an input rate of 40,000 BTUH and an air-flow capacity designed to match with 1- to 2.5-ton cooling units. The unit has a 14.5-inch wide cabinet and includes a two-stage gas valve and a variable-speed electronically commutated motor.

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The WaterFurnace Envision Series low-sill console is available in a variety of cabinet and piping configurations ranging from 0.75 to 1-ton models. Built around a single-speed R-410A rotary compressor, the unit comes equipped with a coaxial heat exchanger with copper inner tube and steel outer tube and uses low water-flow rates to minimize pressure drop.

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KeepRite’s Observer touch-screen communicating wall control features a full-colour display and programmable auto and manual operation modes that allow users to program up to four events per day. The unit is dual-fuel compatible and features multiple hold options, constant-speed fan capability and humidity control. It also displays text-based diagnostics, and dealers can input their contact information to display as maintenance reminders.

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Daikin McQuay’s SmartSource watersource heat pump is available in 0.5- to six-ton capacities in single-stage units and two- to six-ton capacities in two-stage units. It is rated up to 22.2 EER at full load and 29.8 EER in part load, and features sound ratings as low as 46 dBA. The unit can be ordered geothermal ready with such options as auxiliary electric heat and MERV 8 and MERV 13 filters for improved indoor air quality.

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Give your customers a smarter way to control their comfort.

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They can also maximize their comfort and reduce energy costs thanks to advanced features like dual-set points, simple programmable scheduling and optimal start.

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PLUMBING

B y A d am Fr eill

From out of thin air

GETTING INTO

HOT WATER

L

ooking for a system to generate domestic hot water used to be a fairly simple exercise: choose a tank-type heater – either an electric, gas-fired or oil-fired unit – or, if the homeowner was on a boiler-based heating system, look into a DHW coil or indirect tank.

The introduction of instantaneous hot water options brought new considerations into the DHW decision-making process, but manufacturers have not stopped there. In today’s marketplace, geothermal, solar and hybrid systems are all players in the domestic hot water game.

The unit from GE is capable of heating water to 140°F (60°C) without making use of the electric heating elements. “The standard electric elements are only used under high-demand conditions when a faster recovery of the water temperature is needed to satisfy consumer demand, such as in the case where the water heater is completely depleted of hot water due to multiple long successive showers,” says Burkhardt. “Under normal hot water usage conditions, the GeoSpring uses the more efficient heat pump to heat the water.”

Geothermal heat pumps are perhaps better known for their heating and air conditioning service, but did you know that a geothermal system can also assist a traditional water heater to provide domestic hot water?

By outfitting the heat pump with a desuperheater, the system can capture the wasted heat generated by the unit’s compressor and use it to condition water.

This excess heat is generated in both heating and cooling modes, but the hot water benefit is a greatest during the summer months when cooling is needed in the home.

With these systems, both the ground temperature and the differential between the incoming system water and the target

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“In the case of an HVAC system used to heat a home, the heat pump e xtracts the heat from the outside air and then pumps the heat inside the house,” explains Keith Burkhardt, marketing manager of water products at GE, which includes the GeoSpring hybrid electric water heater.

“In the case of the GeoSpring, the heat pump extracts the heat from the air surrounding the water heater and pumps it into the water tank to heat the water.”

Much like a hybrid vehicle that can operate on electricity or gasoline, a hybrid water heater can heat water using either heat pump components, or by using standard electric elements.

Going geothermal

22

Air-source heat pump technology is no longer just for the HVAC sector. Several companies, including Bosch, Rheem and GE, have come forward with hybrid water heaters that combine heat pump technology with a more standard electric element-based water heater.

continues on page 24

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PLUMBING

continued from page 22

temperature of the hot water affect DHW generation capacity explains Chris Mann, director of residential engineering at WaterFurnace International. Since the geothermal units run more frequently in the summer months, it becomes possible to provide most, if not all, of the home’s hot water for a portion of the year. During the fall and spring, when the unit r uns less often, the home relies more on a more traditional storage or demand water heater.

As one might expect, the size of the heat pump affects DHW generation capacity.

“The capacity will increase as the nominal capacity of the heat pump increases,” says Mann.

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Making use of the sun Any thermal solar system designer will tell you that having a place to put surplus BTUs is a good thing, especially during the summer months when the need for comfort heating is much lower than in the winter months.

Adding an indirect DHW loop to a thermal solar system is one way to make use of this “free” energy, but some companies have pushed the envelope even further, integrating a solar loop into a traditional tank-type water heater.

This solar portion of the heater can be used to preheat the incoming system water to reduce the differential between the incoming water and the required storage temperature or, if the solar gain is adequate, it may be capable of fulfilling the entire DHW demand without the assistance of a secondary heat source.

Wade Bernreuter, product development engineer with Bradford White, reports that solar thermal DHW systems are typically one of three different orientations, either a single tank with a backup energy source integrated in the tank, a single indirect tank with an external backup, or a standard water heater with an external heat exchanger installed.

“The BTUH input is based on the number of collectors installed and the amount of sunshine available,” explains Bernreuter. “A backup heat source is always recommended to make sure that there is enough hot water for the end-user.”

Adding elements Along with some of the more novel ways to get BTUs into the DHW tank, manufacturers are always on the lookout for ways to improve efficiency and performance of their products. Canadian water heater manufacturer Giant Factories recently unveiled a three-element electric water heater that is designed to reduce peak load demand on the electric grid, helping reduce energy bills for customers who are on time-of-use metering.

“Typically, water heaters have two high-powered heating elements that cycle on and off, sometimes in very short cycles. This creates unwanted peaks,” explains company vice-president Jean-Claude Lesage. “By adding a third element, we can recalibrate the power distribution in the tank. We added a very low-powered element at the bottom that heats for an extended period of time, eliminating short cycling.”

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REFRIGERATION

B y P h il B o u d r eau

CO2 cascade systems VERSUS for sustainability Part 2 HRECIPROCATING FC refrigerants and ammonia are currently the mostly widely used refrigerants in commercial and industrial applications. HFCs became the refrigerant of choice due to the ozone depleting properties of CFCs and HCFCs.

In recent years, the global warming effect of HFCs has also been identified, however. Also on the radar is the carbon footprint that individuals and businesses leave within the environment.

Many calculations have been established to help identify and quantify these carbon sources, but a carbon footprint is typically expressed as tons of CO2. And while it is widely accepted that CO2 results in global warning, CO2 itself has a much lower global warming potential (GWP) than such halocarbons as HFCs, so it has been making a comeback in the world of commercial refrigeration.

In order to apply CO2 in such a way as to reduce energy consumption, many innovative system designs can be considered. Generally speaking, CO2 may be used in direct/dryexpansion, flooded, over-feed or as a pumped heat transfer fluid. In the previous article, we discussed the basics of the two types of cascade systems. It was mentioned that in cascade systems, where an HFC refrigerant is used with CO2, that the actual charge of the HFC can be reduced significantly – and keep in mind that supermarket systems use anywhere from 2,000 to 5,000 pounds of refrigerant per store.

Phil J. Boudreau, is the Ontario sales manager for Bitzer Canada Inc. and also provides training and technical support for Bitzer’s clientele. He can be contacted at pboudreau@bitzer.ca.

WHAT’S YOUR TEWI? In order to evaluate combinations of systems and refrigerants, the total equivalent warming impact, or TEWI, is used. TEWI represents the total accumulative effect of an installed system over the life of the equipment. The calculation results in a certain number of tons of CO2, which includes both the direct effect that occurs through refrigerant loss, along with the indirect effect. The indirect effect accounts for the overall energy use of the system. Generally speaking, the direct effects of a refrigerant account for approximately 20 per cent of the TEWI. The remaining 80 per cent is a result of the energy used.

COPPERORSTEEL In most systems the piping and heat-exchanger material is usually either steel or copper, however the use of copper is pretty much limited to around 1-3/8” in subcritical systems. This is due to the fact that the pressure capability of tubing decreases as the diameter increases.

OVER-PRESSURE PROTECTION One of the most important considerations with CO2 systems is the standby pressure. With supermarket systems, this is generally not going to be an issue since the systems operate 24 hours per day, and operate at pressures well below the maximum design of the systems’ components. However, in the event of an extended power failure, CO2 will likely be released from the system via the safety relief devices. In this situation, it will be necessary to recharge the system in order to return it back to operation. continued on page 28

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even exchange

Honeywell has solutions to replace R-22.

The pressure is on to phase out R-22. Now is the perfect time to switch T tto a Honeywell Genetron non-ozone-depleting alternative for your A/C or refrigeration application. For A/C, consider Genetron ® 407C or 422D. For Refrigeration, consider Genetron® Performax™ LT, Genetron 422D, 404A or 5 507.

Talk to your Honeywell distributor today to understand your options and hand-pick the R-22 replacements that will work for you. h

Brenntag Canada Inc. Exclusive distributor of Genetron® refrigerants in Canada Ontario & Western Canada: Tel. No. (416) 243-9615 Fax: (416) 243-9731 Quebec & Maritime Provinces: Tel. No. (514) 636-9230 Fax: (514) 636-8229 To learn more, visit www.genetron.com. © 2012 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.

from page 4426 continued from page REFRIGERATIONcontinued

SIZING BRANCH CIRCUITS Supermarket systems, other than “loop” configurations, use a number of branch circuits to provide refrigeration to the various fixtures within the store. With CO2 systems where the CO2 is expanded directly at the refrigerated fixtures, it is recommended to keep the sizes of these circuits as small as possible .

This helps prevent high pressure transients from occurring just after defrosts, and also helps to prevent extreme pressure spikes in the high-side of the system. This should be kept in mind when setting pressure and temper ature controls.

Another consequence of wide pressure fluctuations in a CO 2 system can be foaming of the compressor oil. This is due, in part, to the fact that CO 2 vapour tends to be very soluble in the special POE lubricants used in CO2 compressors.

When the oil is subject to a rapid pressure reduction, degassing of the oil takes place.

This is the condition that typically leads to foaming. As such, it is very important to follow the compressor manufacturer’s instructions for ensuring the required minimum return gas and discharge superheats during all modes of operation.

Due to the higher pressures and different thermodynamic properties of CO2, past compressor technologies were not suitable for subcritical applications.

Subcritical compressors have base-plate removed, and feature additional reinforcement of the housing, as well as a pump-free oil lubrication system. Other than these features, however, the technology is very similar to conventional reciprocating technology.

Furthermore, compressor oils should never be substituted or mixed.

CO2: THE HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLUTION?

CHARGING THE SYSTEM

So which is the best cascade-system arrangement? The answer to this question is not so straight forward. When deciding on the type of system configuration to use, the efficiency, first cost, operating costs, reliability, safety and access to qualified service personnel should all be considered.

Also, the regulatory policies will be an important deciding factor.

When charging a CO2 system, it is imperative to use only refrigerant-grade CO2. R744 is the ASHRAE designation for refrigerant-grade CO2, and this designation indicates that the refrigerant is processed to meet the quality, purity and dryness needed for CO2 systems.

For example, Denmark and Norway have high taxing of HFC refrigerants.

This would promote system designs where little or no HFC is used. The same also holds true for areas such as Switzerland where HFC use is limited.

HFC refrigerants are sometimes charged by carefully metering liquid into the system. When charging an R744 system however, it is important to understand the thermodynamic properties of R744. When liquid is permitted to enter a system at very low pressures, dry ice may form.

Dry ice is a solid and may block passageways within the system. Additionally, the materials used to construct the system may experience thermal shock.

In areas where the cost of energy is relatively high and where HFC restrictions are also in place, increased importance is placed on the overall efficiency of an installed plant that uses natural refrigerants. It would be a mistake to assume that the migration towards naturally occurring refrigerants such as CO2 represents a high-efficiency solution.

In reality, there are challenges that must be overcome in order to produce high-efficiency, natural refrigerant systems.

In North America, HFC usage regulations currently do not exist. Canada, the USA and Mexico have submitted a joint proposal to UNEP – the United Nations Environmental Program. The proposal expresses the intent to work towards a phase-down (not phase-out) of HFC refrigerants. It seems quite apparent, however, that natural refrigerant use in North America will continue to grow just as it is in many other areas around the world.

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CO2 SUBCRITICAL COMPRESSOR CONSTRUCTION

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Since carbon dioxide has a high affinity for moisture, thorough evacuation is very important prior to charging. As with any refrigeration system, moisture will result in the formation of acids that are detrimental to the motor winding insulation. In the presence of high temperatures, copper plating may also take place when moisture is present.

Read and understand the compressor, system and refrigerant instructions, safety documents, codes and standards before attempting to work on a CO2 system.

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with Roger Grochmal

Ownership: Generation 2.0 “I’m hoping that my teenage son will take over the family business someday , but I don’t want to feel like I’m forcing him down a path that he’ s only doing out of feelings of obligation. He’s got a good mechanical mind, but is undecided about his future. Any advice on how to build his inter est in the trade, and my business, without pushing so hard that it pushes him away?” Robert S., Toronto, Ont.

T

Family succession is tricky. As owners we look to what made us successful and think that our children need to have the same skills as we do. It took me a long time to get over that one . I have seen owners of HVAC contracting businesses come from all walks of life including engineers, accountants, business and salespeople, in addition to HVAC technicians.

here are a lot of aging baby boom contractors out there who are facing the question about what they ultimately plan to do with their business.

Firstly, and most importantly, a business is not and should not be a monument to our egos. Once we are gone, no one will care or remember.

Secondly, every business gets sold, if not to a family member then to an employee or a third party. If you don’t sell it before you die, then you leave it to your estate to clean up the mess. I don’t think this is the legacy that anyone wants to leave his or her family.

First, focus on helping them succeed at what most interests them. Show them how their primary interest can be linked to your business so they can see a path. Help them get the education they need, which could mean having them work outside the business to learn from others. They need to see that this is about them and not you.

“I can’t take a leak.”

“That’s why I only use Dahl valves” valves.”

“We work in some of the finest homes in Toronto, and so I don’t play games with quality. It’s Dahl or nothing. Dahl people are all about solutions – just like us. If I need a special, one of a kind valve, they’ll make it up on the spot and I’ll have it the next day. That’s why I’ve insisted on Dahl products for over 40 years.”.i Mark Altman M&T Mechanical North York, Ontario

Turn to Quality. Turn to Dahl.™ Made in Canada. Really.

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www.dahlvalve.com

Roger Grochmal is the president of AtlasCare in Oakville, Ont. To submit a question about your company, business practices, or the industry in general, send an e-mail to Mechanical Business magazine’s editor, Adam Freill, adam.freill@ mechanicalbusiness.com.

It’s okay to be different

The next step is to determine if they have not just the interest, but the ability to manage a business. Not everyone wants to be responsible for other people. Succession is as much about management as it is about ownership.

Your son or daughter will be decidedly different than you – and that’s okay. It’s a good thing actually. Encourage them to

Finally, you need to determine if they ha ve the fire in their belly to handle the risk of ownership.

Entrepreneurialism is not genetic. You either have it or you don’t. Would they put it all on the line like you did?

There is no fast track to succession planning, especially with family. There are lots of ways it can go off the rails and it requires time and a lot of patience. When it works, however, it can be extremely rewarding. I am proud to have my son by my side operating our business.

Are you ready for them?

An important part is to establish a good working relationship with your child. Their interest in the business will likely be largely determined by their relationship with you. If they are going to be successful, they will question how you do things and offer ideas for improvement. Are you ready for that?

excel in whatever area interests them.

They need to see success on their terms before they can entertain success on yours.

It’s also very important, should they come into the business, that they bring a skill that adds to the business – other than just having the luck of the gene pool. Your staff will resent them if they don’t bring anything to the party.

We’re Here For You At NextEnergy, we hold all our geothermal contractors to a high standard of quality and professionalism. We are very diligent when selecting contractors to represent our company in the field. We know that our success is tied to that of our dealer network and that is why, we are here for you.

The success of a geothermal installation relies entirely on quality equipment and system components installed by an experienced contractor. Our equipment is from ClimateMaster, the world’s largest and most progressive manufacturer of geothermal heat pumps. Our highly experienced contractors continually perform tremendous work, we are proud to say it.

We strive to provide our dealers with the most up-to-date training, products, sales and marketing support in the industry.

Its what we do best.

To join our team visit www.nextenergy.ca or call 1-800-367-9810 M e c h a n i c a l

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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE ROUNDUP – PART 2: TRUCKS hile European influences are the big story on the van front (see Part 1 of the Commercial Vehicle Report in the May/June 2012 edition of Mechanical Business), fuel economy is the name of the game in truck sector of the commercial vehicle marketplace.

W

RAM TRUCK HD 2500 AND 3500

The 2012 lineup of Heavy Duty Ram trucks comes with a newly upgraded Cummins turbo-diesel that now makes 800 lb-ft of torque. The truck body also gets a strengthened chassis and rear-end. With these improvements, the HD Ram 3500 can Wheelbase: 140.5”, 149.5”, 169.5” now tow up to 22,700 lb. It is also Cab styles: Regular, Crew, Mega Cab available with an upgraded package Engine size: 5.7L V8 Hemi, 6.7L turbo-diesel that will increase GCWR (gross comPower (hp/torque): 383/400, 350/800 bination weight rating) to 30,000 lb.

And this makes a lot of sense, since fuel costs are a continuing concern for fleets and private owners alike.

These concerns have spawned several fuel-saving initiatives from GM, Ford and Ram this year. Ford’s gas-saving EcoBoost is making a splash and spawning competitive offerings, including one from Ram.

Max. Payload:

5,110 lb.

Max. Towing Capacity:

22,700 lb.

Box sizes:

6’4”, 8’

While there are no electric vehicles in the sector yet, electrification is moving forward, and several companies have started to push dedicated route vehicles. It might not be too far in the future before this puts us on a path where electric-only propulsion crosses over from the world of consumer vehicles into the commercial sector.

energy savings Howard J. Elmer is a PowerSports editor, writer and author, based in Brampton, Ont. He has a transportation, newspaper and radio background, and is a member of the Truck Writers of North America, the Automotive Journalists Association of Canada and the creator of the Canadian T ruck King Challenge. www.canadiantruckkingchallenge.ca

Wheelbase:

126”, 144”, 163”

Cab styles:

Regular, SuperCab, SuperCrew

Engine size:

3.5L V6 (EcoBoost), 3.7L V6, 5.0L V8, 6.2L V8

Power (hp/torque):

365/420 302/278 360/380 411/434

Max. Payload:

3,060 lb.

Max. Towing Capacity: Box sizes:

11,300 lb.

5’5”, 6’5”, 8’

FORD F150 The F150 gets a range of new engines for 2012, but the one making the most news is the V6 EcoBoost. Ford marketing says the 3.5L EcoBoost V6 has the power of a V8 yet offers good fuel economy. 14.7L City and 10.7L highway is the claim.

BY DEFINITION Ford SuperDuty F250 to F450

Wheelbase:

137”, 141.8”, 156.2”, 158”, 172.4”

Cab styles:

Regular, SuperCab, SuperCrew

Engine size:

For 2012, Super Duty moves forward relatively unchanged. Of note though, a fifth wheel hitch can be ordered direct from the factory and is now warrantied by Ford.

Power (hp/torque): Max. Payload: Max. Towing Capacity: Box sizes:

6.2L V8, 6.7L turbo-diesel 385/405 400/800 6,120 lb.

24,000 lb.

6’4”, 8’

GCWR – The gross combination weight rating is the maximum allowable weight of the loaded vehicle, including optional equipment, occupants, luggage or cargo, hitch, and trailer tongue weight. A vehicle’s GCWR should never be exceeded. continues on page 34

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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE ROUNDUP – PART 2: TRUCKS Wheelbase:

126.8”, 145.6”

Cab styles:

Regular, Double Cab, CrewMax

Engine size:

continued from page 32

TOYOTA TUNDRA

4.6L, 5.7L

Toyota Tundra needs a next generation upgrade – however there is no word on Max. Payload: 1,900 lb. when that might happen.

Max. Towing Capacity: 10,800 lb.

So, for 2012 Tundra moves Box sizes: 5’, 6’5” & 8’ forward largely unchanged.

Power-wise it still sports the powerful 381 hp 5.7L V8 as its main engine.

However, a 4.6L V8 came in as a fuel saver two years ago, and this option offers an 11 per cent improvement in fuel consumption over the previous 4.7L engine.

Power (hp/torque):

310/327, 381/401

CHEVROLET SILVERADO 2500 - 3500

2011 was the HD Silverado’s big year. For 2012 it carries on unchanged. Still, some of the highlights are worth revisiting. The Duramax 6.6L turbo diesel has been upr ated, and maximum towing and payload have increased. It is also B20 biodiesel capable, and has a new smart exhaust br ake system, trailer sway control, integrated trailer brake control, hill start assist, automatic grade braking and intelligent brake assist.

Wheelbase:

133”, 143.5”, 157.5”, 167”

Cab styles:

Regular, Extended, Crew Cab

Engine size: Power (hp/torque): Wheelbase:

119” 133” 157.5”

Cab styles:

Regular, Extended, Crew Cab

Engine size:

Max. Towing Capacity:

4.3L V6, 4.8L V8, 5.3L V8, 6.2L V8

Power (hp/torque): Max. Payload: Max. Towing Capacity: Box sizes:

Max. Payload: Box sizes:

6L V8, 6.6L turbo-diesel 353/373, 397/765 6,635 lb.

21,700 lb.

6’6”, 8’

195/260 295/305 315/335 403/417 1,980 lb.

10,600 lb.

5’7”, 6’5” & 8’

CHEVROLET SILVERADO 1500 2013 is the next generational update scheduled for Silverado, so 2012 holds few surprises. Mind you GM has added a 6.2L engine to the 1500 line-up. This pushes up the trailering limits to 10,600 lb.

The company is also offering a fuel economy package called XFE. Available on the 5.3L Sierra 1500 2WD (Crew Cab only), it combines a six-speed automatic transmission with AFM (Active Fuel Management).

34

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Ram 1500

Wheelbase:

120.5”, 140.5”

Cab styles:

Regular, Quad Cab, Crew

Ram’s Tradesman Engine size: 4.7L V8, 5.7L Hemi MDS V8 pickup carries on. It Power (hp/torque): 310/330 390/407 features 1500 ST trim Max. Payload: 1,900 lb. and a 5.7L V8 HEMI Max. Towing Capacity: 10,450 lb. engine with five-speed Box sizes: 5’7”, 6’4” & 8’ automatic transmission.

This package includes a Class IV hitch with four and seven-pin connector, HD engine cooling and transmission oil cooler. It will tow 10,450 lb.

The rest of the Ram lineup remains mostly the same this year with a few key exceptions. The 4.7L and 5.7L V8s are now coupled to a new six-speed automatic transmission with a new calibration feature called Electronic Range Select (ERS). A new torque converter also increases efficiency and improves fuel economy.

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Noble Delivers. (Thanks, Vito.)

More parts. More brand names. More branches. More service.

PLUMBING • HVAC • HYDRONICS • INDUSTRIAL • FIRE PROTECTION • BUILDING MAINTENANCE As a driver with Noble, Vito is always ready to go the extra mile.

“I know that people are depending on me to get them the parts they need, when they need them. So, if that means sometimes I have to leave earlier or drive longer, I do it, that’s the job.” That’s the Noble Difference and you’ll find it in everything we do.

At Noble, we have a fleet of more than 150 trucks, we have more than 50 branches, we carry more than 70,000 SKUs and we’re committed to having more of the parts, equipment and products that our customers need as stock-on-hand. So, if you’re looking for more, try Noble.

You need it? We got it. www.noble.ca 1-800-529-9805 OR 905-760-6800 BARRIE BELLEVILLE BRAMPTON BROCKVILLE COQUITLAM CORNWALL GRAVENHURST GUELPH HAMILTON KINGSTON KITCHENER LANGLEY LAVAL LONDON LONGUEUIL MAPLE RIDGE MARKHAM MILTON MISSION MISSISSAUGA MONTRÉAL NEWMARKET OAKVILLE OSHAWA OTTAWA PETERBOROUGH SECHELT ST. CATHARINES TORONTO VANCOUVER WINDSOR

In response to requests from customers across North America, last year Spirotherm introduced the Spirovent Quad® — a world class air eliminator, dirt separator, and hydraulic separator designed as a low loss header. The response has been fantastic, and we are now excited to follow through on another request for combination air eliminators / dirt separators in brass construction for use on systems where hydraulic separation is not needed.

WE’RE STILL LISTENING.

Spirovent® VDR Series

The Spirovent® VDR Series is being introduced this year and includes again all of the world class features of our Spirovent and Spirotrap® products in one compact unit. For ease of application and installation, it is available in either threaded or sweat connection by simply changing the tailpiece.

Offered in sizes from 1” through 2”, the VDR will be a cost-effective product for smaller systems and allow for two full-flow functions (air and dirt removal) in one product.

Also coming this year will be a 2” Brass Spirovent Quad to extend that line into larger copper systems that may not require the steel commercial unit.

And last but certainly not least, the original Spirovent VJR Air Eliminator product line will be enhanced with the introduction of 11⁄ 2” and 2” sweat models.

All of these new products are because you, our loyal quality contractors, have asked for them.

Air Eliminators, Dirt Separators, Combination Separators, and Hydraulic Separators — all from one source and backed by the world leader in air elimination technology. Check with your local Ontor representative for availability.

Thanks for the continued input and we’ll keep listening!

©2012 Spirotherm, Inc., Ontor Ltd.

In Canada:

Ontor Limited 12 Leswyn Road Toronto, ON M6A1K3 Tel: 416.781.5286 Fax: 416.781.7680 www.ontor.com

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CONTENTS

F E AT U R E S 50SYSTEM DESIGN Designing comfort with control Elizabeth Brown

52HYDRONICS IQ Looking for a Herculean effort David Hughes and Warren Hyde

42GUEST EDITORIAL

Beautiful Heat: The benefits of being there Michael Kotyck

58TROUBLESHOOTING Controls in the real world Eric Riml

62PUMPS

I CAN SEE THE LIGHT

Stability: Fixed vs.

Variable Rodney Brandon

44LIGHT COMMERCIAL

Bob “Hot Rod” Rohr

&

The UPS of 66MANIFOLDS Making the most of the location Jerry Leyte

DOWNS PRESSURE 46ZONE VALVES

Ric Brindamour

P R O D U C T S 70Hydronics

D E PA R T M E N T S 40 From the editor’s desk 54Find the Fix 56ROAD WARRIOR: Craig Stewart

On the cover: Road Warrior Craig Stewart, owner of Garthside Mechanical in Penetanguishene, Ont., might own the company, but that doesn’t keep him off the tools. Photo: Kelly Moss

Content Media Group Inc. 19 – 1525 Cornwall Road Oakville, Ontario L6J 0B2 CANADA Tel: 905.465.2919 Fax: 905.465.2913 www.mechanicalbusiness.com Editor: Adam Freill, ext. 224 adam.freill@mechanicalbusiness.com Associate Editor/Web Editor: Jeb Roberts, ext. 225 jeb.roberts@mechanicalbusiness.com National Accounts Manager: Laura Goodwin, ext. 221 laura.goodwin@mechanicalbusiness.com Controller: Liz Mills liz.mills@mechanicalbusiness.com Art Direction: JJM Graphic Ltd. davem@jjmgraphic.com

FROM

THE

EDITOR’S

DESK

Assuming control Control. It’s a simple word, and yet so important in the world of hydronics .

Without it, comfort and performance are sacrificed. Controlled properly, a system can take feedback from the environment and adjust so that we can ha ve happy, comfortable clients.

This edition of Wet Heat Applications & Technology (WHAT) has a sub-theme that centres around control. From Rodney Brandon’s look at pump control (page 62), to Eric Riml’s discussion about what controls are really doing (page 58), to Rick Brindamour’s explanation of the physics at play when a zone control valve opens or closes (page 46), getting heat to where it is w anted in a system is elemental to system design.

Speaking of system design, check out our latest Find the Fix puzzle on page 54.

Your system design knowledge might land you a nice prize from our friends at Milwaukee Tool.

Publisher: Bruce Meacock, ext. 222 bruce.meacock@mechanicalbusiness.com

Of course, the theory of control is not limited to hydronic systems . It also extends to the management side of business. I’d like to thank Michael Kotyck, of Kotyck Bros., for taking the time to explain why he’ s been involved with the Beautiful Heat marketing campaign (see his note on page 42). He’s someone who has taken the time to get involved, and is adding what he can add to the conversation for the betterment of the sector. I’d say he’s helping to control his (and our) destiny.

PM:41536047 ISSN 1916-0674 MB (Print) ISSN 1906-0682 MB (Online)

I encourage you to read what he has to say, and to do your part to help control the future of hydronic heating in Canada.

Circulation Manager: Shila Naik (905) 272-4175 shila.naik@mechanicalbusiness.com

.

Notice: Mechanical Business is published for owners, managers and decision makers with mechanical contracting fir ms and the sector's supply chain partners in Canada. While ever y effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information, Mechanical Business, Content Media Group Inc., its staff, directors, officers and shareholders (‘The Publisher’) assume no liability, obligation or responsibility for adver tised claims, for errors and/or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of this information. Manufacturers’ instructions take precedence over published editorial. The publisher reserves the right to publish a printed correction in a subsequent issue for editorial errors, omissions and oversights. © Copyright 2012. The contents of this magazine may not be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission of the publisher.

Until next time, have a great summer, and happy reading.

Adam Freill, Editor

Look to Runtal for INSPIRED RADIANT heating solutions. Comfort, style, durability, versatility and ENERGY EFFICIENCY are the hallmarks of residential and commercial building spaces designed the Runtal way. The worldwide LEADER in standard and custom designed radiators for over 50 YEARS our ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE takes the guess work out of every job. And when it comes to off-the-shelf solutions, you can rely on our IN-STOCK solutions.

1-888-829-4901 www.runtalradiators.com 40

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The Complete Solution When you choose tekmar, you choose a reliable product backed by our world class technical support and the most dependable warranty in the industry. tekmar’s extensive product range meets the needs of today’s HVAC systems, improving Comfort, Efficiency & Reliability.

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Zoning Snow Melting Setpoint

Michael Kotyck, of Kotyck Bros. Limited, is a board member of Beautiful Heat, and has been dedicating time to the organization since its inception.

Beautiful Heat:

The benefits of being there

E

ven though I run a small, independent wholesale company, I’ve always believed that taking part in industry groups and associations brings benefits that far outweigh the costs of joining. But it takes more than simply joining; the greatest value comes from involvement.

Take my participation with the CIPH. For the small price of membership, I’ve met and worked with many industry leaders on the Ontario Region Board of Directors and the Canadian Hydronics Council (CHC). I’ve been to countless CIPH business meetings, CIPH and CHC seminars and webinars, and absorbed a number of business and technical ideas. But membership has also allowed me to be a part of fascinating, high-level projects that I would otherwise never be involved with — projects like the Beautiful Heat marketing campaign.

The Beautiful Heat Campaign collects funds from the industry’s manufacturers to purchase print media space and public relations help to raise awareness of hydronic heat directly with homeowners.

Much like granite countertops – once only found only in high-end kitchens – became the must-have item for all new kitchens, Beautiful Heat wants to make residential hydronic heating the homeowner’s first choice for heating systems.

Although I am not a manufacturer, I am an executive member of the team working on this industry campaign. So what’s a guy like me doing in a place like this?

The Beautiful Heat campaign is a venture by the hydronics industry manufacturers to market hot water heating directly to the homeowner. Modeled after the "Go Boating" or "Got Milk" campaigns, the project uses monies collected from the industry to fund a consumer-focused media marketing campaign to increase awareness of the product or service the industry offers.

Aside from the immediate personal benefits of involvement in this project – being part of something bigger, and pride of saying, "I was a part of this" – I remain because I am learning about marketing techniques and tactics that I can use in my own company’s marketing campaign: how to optimize internet searches, how to improve web pages, how to use tools like Facebook and Twitter as part of a marketing strategy. There are tangible benefits to being a part of the Beautiful Heat campaign.

I also remain, however, because I feel I bring an alternative perspective to the project. By bringing a fresh point of view to the table, I feel I help keep the group more focused. And this is why more members from all sectors of our industry should be involved. The decision to purchase hydronics is, by its nature, a complex one, so the fresh perspectives of more manufacturers, the addition of wholesalers, and the input of designers and contractors in the venture, will help focus Beautiful Heat on the important aspects of the consumer buying process.

While it may be easy to stand on the sidelines and wait for “all boats to rise with the tide,” the Beautiful Heat campaign can be made more successful more swiftly if the industry presents a unified front. So I invite you to join us.

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Photo: Lou Recine

You, your company and the hydronics industry will benefit from the experience.

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Commercial Projects

I CAN SEE ight commercial projects can be interesting L and profitable, and even if large high-rise builds are not on the agenda, smaller commercial work is a good way to build a commercial repertoire with your hydronic skills.

Working in the SLAB Be sure to review the structural requirements of the job carefully. In many cases structural slabs will require a grid of rebar. Check the tender and the contract to see which tradesperson or contractor is responsible for installing the rebar, and work along with the crew doing the installation if it is to be placed over the top of your tube.

It might be an idea to consider using continuous strip chairs, which hold the rebar up into the slab pour. Rebar placed at the bottom of the slab in contact with the sub grade is of little value. The rebar needs to be encased in the pour.

Map out and avoid any areas where equipment may be bolted into the slab, lifts, cranes and machinery, for example. Or install mounting bolts during the concrete pour.

Document the tube layout adequately. Draw the actual layout as built loops on a print. Digital photos or video with a discussion of the layout can be a lifesaver if cutting or mounting the slab is ever required.

BOB’S HANDBOOK 䡵 “Personally, I prefer the wire re-mesh in sheets, as opposed to the roll type. The flat sheets reduce the “trip” hazard and are much easier for one-man installers to handle.” 䡵 “In many locations, light commercial built on a slab foundation involves variable-sized rental space. Defining and laying out zones can become a big challenge.” 䡵 “It seems that commercial work, especially in the metro Toronto area, is strong.

From my last trip to Toronto, I’d say the tower crane should be the provincial bird!”

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Without question, the most comfortable heating system for a building with concrete slabs is infloor radiant. Warm slabs are easy on the body.

They don’t pull heat from occupants and are friendlier on people’s joints. Plus, radiant slabs are virtually noise free. Anyone who has worked below a propeller-style unit heater for a period of time will appreciate the “quietness” radiant provides.

When applying hydronic heating systems in a light commercial setting, it is best to approach the application much as you would any hydronic system. Start with an appropriate load calculation and system design.

Knowing that commercial spaces evolve and the building use may change, it is highly recommended that your company documents all calculations and assumption reports, and that the building general contractor, or owner, sign this document.

Test, test, test Pressure testing the tube is a must. Water is my preferred method, but if freezing conditions are expected a glycol mix or an air test are acceptable substitutes.

Leave the pressure test on the tube until you are ready to connect to the boiler or heat source. This assures that the loops are not compromised during installation of the building and equipment.

by Bob ‘Hot Rod’ Rohr

THE LIGHT Woodworking shops, in particular, are great light commercial candidates for radiant. By going with a fan-free HVAC system, the amount of airborne particles can be reduced, which is a major deal when valuable musical instruments, furniture and flooring is going to the finishing or varnishing stage of production.

Bob “Hot Rod” Rohr has been a plumbing, radiant heat and solar contractor and installer for 30 years. A long-time columnist and trainer, he is manager of training and education with Caleffi North America. You can reach Hot Rod at bob.rohr@caleffi.com.

as they round up insulation sheets, wire mesh, tie-down wire, and so forth, from various supply houses. Sometimes it is possible to reduce travel time by having all the necessary parts delivered to the jobsite though, and time is money.

And ask what each supply house has available. Most of the time it is possible to source the foam and wire mesh from a single supplier, which is much more convenient than two trips, or at the very least two invoices.

Personally, I always advise contractors to look into the radiant foam installation products that link together.

These provide an insulation layer, vapour barrier, and a hold-down mechanism, all in one product. This type of product is usually sold in 24” by 48” sheets and uses a lap-style connection mechanism.

In the modern world of radiant, we have a wide array of installer-friendly components designed to reduce the number of labour hours required for tube installation, but labour savings can be found at other steps of the project as well.

Many installers start out with a trailer in tow

ADJUSTING THE

LINE SIZES In some cases, it is not practical to bring all the loop ends to a central location. Multiple manifold locations can aid in zoning and help reduce long leader lengths. If the job requires multiple manifold locations, spread them across a wide area, and consider a “mini-tube” injection system. This method involves temperature mixing at the manifold. Supplying a higher temperature from the boiler to the manifold can greatly decrease the tube size required to move the heat energy.

For example, suppose the slab requires 120,000 BTUH of 115°F fluid temperature at design condition. With a system running a 20-degree delta T, the manifold would need around 12 gpm. This would require 1-1/4” supply and return manifold lines.

With a mini-tube system it is possible to supply 160 to 180°F fluid to the manifold, install a mixing device at the manifold, and reduce the supply and return to possibly a 5/8” or 3/4”

tube. You are basically leveraging a higher delta T. It would require a higher operating temperature at the boiler, however.

Supplying the supply and return to the manifold would require insulated tubing so as to not spread BTUs where they are not needed.

One method would be to use a preinsulated PEX tube system. Many radiant manufacturers now offer PEX in single or dual tube options.

The tube is insulated and installed inside a durable plastic jacket pipe. Ideally, this would be trenched in below the sub-grade, before the job is insulated and the radiant tubing installed.

Another option would be to install small wall hung boilers near the multiple manifold locations. A small wall-mount condensing boiler could pipe directly to the load without temperature mix down or return temperature protection.

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45

Valves

By Ric Brindamour

&

The UPS of

DOWNS PRESSURE

T

he modern residential or light commercial hydronic heating system that doesn’t include the use of at least a few zone valves is rare. Installed downstream of the system circulator, zone valves eliminate the need for a separ ate circulator on each circuit (see Figure 1).

If the system is operating at design load conditions, all zones will call for flow at the same time. This means that all zone valves will be open, and the distribution system will exhibit its lowest flow resistance. Zone valves will close when thermostats reach their respective setpoints. As each valve closes, the flow resistance increases. The overall system flow rate decreases, while the flow rate through each open zone increases.

Hydronic systems constantly seek a balance between the mechanical energy (head) input from the circulator and the head-loss from fluid friction in the piping . Plotted on a graph, the system always operates at the point where the system head loss curve crosses the pump curve (see Figure 2).

Ric Brindamour is product manager for flow controls at Taco, Inc. He can be reached at ricbri@taco-hvac.com.

When a zone valve opens or closes, it causes the head-loss curve to change. If resistance increases, the curve will steepen. If resistance decreases, the curve will flatten out. As the system curve shifts, so does the point where it intersects the pump curve. Figure 3 shows this effect for a system having several identical floor heating circuits, each controlled by its own zone valve.

When a zone valve closes, it increases the pressure differential imposed on the zones that remain open. The increased pressure differential increases the flow rate through these zones. At some point, the increased velocity will probably cause noise in either the zone valve or the piping. continues on page 48

the BYPASS In lieu of a variable speed circulator, differential pressure across the circulator can be controlled by installing a differential pressure bypass valve. As zone valves close, this device opens up, increasing amounts of flow through detour piping, rather than forcing the pump to operate at higher pressure differentials trying to push flow through a restricted system.

You can estimate the differential pressure across the system when all zones are operating by finding the head at the operating point and converting it to a differential pressure using Formula 1.

For silent operation, a differential pressure bypass valve should be installed in zone valve systems that don’t use a variable speed circulator. A bypass should also be installed to prevent dead heading the circulator in systems where several parallel-piped heat emitters are controlled by thermostatic radiator valves.

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continues from page 46

To find the flow rate through the circulator, draw a line straight down from the intersection of the system and pump curves (operating point) to the lower axis of the graph. To determine the differential pressure across the circulator, draw a horizontal line from the operating point to the vertical axis and read the head added to the fluid as it passes through the circulator. Convert that head number to a corresponding differential pressure using Formula 1.

LESS IS MORE (curve, that is) To minimize change in differential pressure as zone valves open and close, select a circulator with a relatively flat pump curve, such as the one shown in Figure 4. For comparison, the pump curve of a high-head circulator is also shown.

1 zone circuit on 2 zone circuits on 3 zone circuits on 40

6P = headx(d/144)

Where: ΔP = pressure differential across pump head = head added by circulator (in ft. of head) d = density of fluid being pumped (in lb/cubic ft.) (for water at 140 ºF d= 61.3 lb / ft3) Noise isn’t the only problem associated with a high pressure differential inside a hydronic system.

In some systems, the increased differential pressure generated by several inactive zones can force zone valves to open that are meant to be closed, even if only slightly. This causes heat input to zones that are supposed to be off.

One way to eliminate the possibility is to use zone valves with a ball valve design.

head (ft of head)

35

pump curve 1

30 large 6P

25 20

small 6P

15

pump curve 2

10 5

Compare the changes in differential pressure as the operating point shifts upward along the flat pump curve, to those of the high-head circulator. In both cases, zones that remain open will experience increased differential pressure as the others close, but much less in the system using a circulator with a relatively flat pump curve.

Using a circulator with a flat pump curve is not a new concept. Still, some Figure 4 installers have the impression that using a high-head circulator is a better choice when they think about pushing flow through several zone circuits. Unfortunately, it can actually create problems, like pipe erosion, unwanted heat in closed zones and velocity noise.

0

0

5

10

15

20

flow rate (gpm)

A straight horizontal line at some fixed value of differential pressure is the ideal pump curve for a circulator in a system using zone valves. Such a pump curve would mean constant differential pressure regardless of the flow rate. As a given zone valve opened or closed, the other operating circuits wouldn’t undergo a change in differential pressure or a change in flow rate.

Unfortunately, no fixed-speed centrifugal pump can provide this ideal curve. But a variable-speed circulator can.

VARIABLE SPEED & DELTA T A variable-speed circulator can be used to control differential pressure as zone valves operate. As the system speed decreases, the pump curve shifts to the left and downward on the graph as shown in Figure 5.

As different zone valves open and close, and the system curve changes pitch, the pump curve of a variable speed circulator can shift as necessary to maintain the same differential pressure across the operating zones. The open circuits don’t sense that others have opened or closed.

Properly controlled, a variable speed circulator can operate as a constant differential pressure device regardless of its flow rate. It adopts the optimum pump curve discussed earlier. A variable speed circulator not only prevents changes in differential pressure, but can also reduce electrical energy consumption in the process.

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Advanced Comfort Technologies

Bosch utilizes a host of diverse technologies to achieve optimum thermal efficiency.

Tankless Water Heaters. Solar Thermal Panels. Condensing Boilers. Heat Pump Water Heaters and Ultra-Efficient Geothermal Solutions. Bosch Advanced Comfort Technologies: Built to meet even the harshest Canadian conditions.

Visit us at www.bosch-climate.us for further product information.

System Design ture. However, practices are shifting to controlling water temperature and maintaining constant circulation.

In any heating system, comfort is achieved when a building’s heat loss is perfectly mirrored by its heat supply. By using high water temperatures and varying the flow rate, stability is difficult to achieve.

W

e all want our indoor temperatures to provide comfort by remaining stable, regardless of what is happening outside. Since the heat output in a hydronic circuit is based on the flow rate and the temperature of the water supply, controlling either variable will influence the indoor air temperature. The question is whether we should focus our control strategy on the temperature or the flow rate.

Historically in North America we’ve focused on flow rate control while maintaining a constant upper design water tempera-

Indoor temperatures swing above and below the target temperature in constant fluctuation between “too warm” and “too cold.” Boilers are at the mercy of thermostats, cycling on and off at high temperatures, and incurring substantial standby losses. Expansion noises become commonplace and customers complain of uncomfortable environments and high energy bills.

On the flip-side, if circulation is constant with gradual temperature adjustments, uncomfortable temperature swings and expansion noises are minimized. The boiler is programmed to

Assessing mass and transfer Each terminal unit has a different combination of thermal mass and method of heat transfer, so to accurately match heat loss we need to customize, or “characterize,” the heating curve for each terminal unit.

Terminal units that have high thermal mass and transfer heat by radiation will need much lower water temperatures than terminal units that have low thermal mass and transfer heat by convection.

A control that uses outdoor temperature reset should take into account the terminal units to determine the appropriate target water temperature.

HIGH MASS RADIANT

FIN-TUBE CONVECTORS

Thermal Mass: High

Thermal Mass: Low

Heat Transfer Method: Radiation

Heat Transfer Method: Natural Convection

A high mass radiant system consists of tubing that carries the heated supply water embedded in a thick layer of concrete or gypsum.

A fin-tube convector consists of a tube (usually copper) carrying the supply water encased in fins (usually aluminum) that increase the surface area of the piping to improve heat transfer.

LOW MASS RADIANT

RADIATOR

Thermal Mass: Medium

Thermal Mass: High

Heat Transfer Method: Radiation

Heat Transfer Methods: Natural Convection, Radiation

A low mass radiant system refers to installations where tubing is attached to the underside of a floor, is suspended in the joist space below the floor, or is embedded in a thin layer of gypsum or concrete.

A radiator is typically a free standing or wall mounted terminal unit. Because of the metal and water content, older cast iron radiators have a relatively high thermal mass when compared to convectors or baseboards.

FAN COILS

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Thermal Mass: Very Low

BASEBOARD

Heat Transfer Method: Forced Convection

Thermal Mass: Low

A fan coil incorporates a hydronic heating coil and either a fan or a blower. Air is heated when it is forced across the heating coil by the fan or blower.

Heat Transfer Methods: Natural Convection, Radiation

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A baseboard terminal unit is characterized by its low profile and flat surface. This type of terminal unit is typically mounted around the perimeter of a room with only its front and top exposed to the room.

By Elizabeth Brown Elizabeth Brown is a customer support specialist with tekmar Control Systems, and holds degrees in both mechanical engineering and education. She can be reached at customerservice@tekmarControls.com

provide the correct supply water temperature, improving efficiency by consuming less fuel and reducing heat losses in the mechanical room. We now have a “smart system” that provides the right amount of heat to a building based on weather, the building specifications and the terminal units.

So how do we achieve this smart system? One tool is outdoor temperature reset. This control feature uses a heating curve (or a ‘reset ratio’), developed automatically from installer input to determine a target water temperature based on the outside air temperature.

As you can imagine, this is very particular to not just the building envelope, but also to the type of terminal units in place.

There are six main types of terminal units, which all behave differently based on their thermal mass and method of heat transfer.

Hydronic heating can be the most efficient, comfortable and elegant way to heat a home, but only when designed properly with intelligent controls. To ensure the system operates as intended, it is important to install controls that will provide outdoor temperature reset with a characterized heating curve for the terminal units in the space.

HEAT in the terminal unit Thermal mass determines how much heat a terminal unit can store, and how long it takes the terminal unit to heat up and cool down.

Radiation and convection Terminal units transfer heat in three different ways: radiation, natural convection and forced convection.

Radiation refers to the transfer of heat from hot objects to cooler objects – this is how the sun heats the ground.

Natural convection refers to the transfer of energy by the movement of air as it is heated; hot air rises and cool air rushes in to take its place.

Forced convection refers to the transfer of energy by air as it is moved across a heating element by either a fan or a blower.

Outdoor temperature reset is the term used when a control takes input from an outdoor sensor to continuously adjust the boiler temperature based on current weather conditions.

A terminal unit that has a high thermal mass will take a long time to heat up and will continue to warm a space after the call for heat has ended. As such, high mass terminal units operate with cooler supply water temperatures than low mass terminal units, which have a faster response time and require high temperature water for optimal comfort.

INDOOR AND OUTDOOR

FEEDBACK

As illustrated, the ideal water temperatures vary considerably with the type of terminal unit installed. A control that can determine the appropriate water temperature based on outdoor temperature reset using a characterized heating curve will be more effective at providing the right amount of heat under conditions of constant circulation.

However, outdoor temperature reset has its limitations; namely, it does not take into account internal gains due to people, solar energy and equipment. Only controls that utilize indoor temperature feedback can compensate for these gains.

Using this control option, intelligent thermostats measure indoor temperatures and communicate this data continuously with other thermostats and system controls. This communication makes it possible to adjust the supply water temperature when necessary – the controls can conduct a more detailed analysis with real-time information from each living space.

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test your hydronics iq Looking for a Herculean effort As you may be able to surmise from the cover feature in this month’s edition of Mechanical Business on Olympic champion Catriona Le May Doan, the games of the summer Olympiad are on the brain around here. Doan happens to be a commentator at the 2012 games in London, and in the spirit of good natured competition we thought we’d put together a little quiz that would challenge Hercules himself.

Think of it as our Hydronic Decathalon. Laurel wreaths for all if you land a perfect score.

Answers can be found on page 72

1. Which statement below correctly describes a Cv factor of 4.2 for a zone valve?

A. When flowing at 1 gpm, a pressure drop of 4.2 feet of head will occur.

B. A pressure drop of 1 foot of head will occur when 4.2 gpm is flowed through the valve.

C. When flowing at 4.2 gpm, a one psi pressure drop will occur across the valve.

D. When flowing at 1 gpm, a pressure drop of 4.2 psi will occur.

Olympic Games 27 July - 12 August www.london2012.com Olympic Games: By the Numbers • 26 sports, 39 disciplines • 34 venues • 8.8 million tickets • 10,490 athletes • 302 medal events • 19 competition days • Total workforce of around 200,000 people

2. From the following list, which method is some times used to rate the heat output of boilers and heat emitters?

A. BTH B. CFM C. GPM D. EDR 3. When a potable water system is connected to a hydronic heating system that contains treatment chemicals, what level of hazard is the potable system exposed to?

A. Extreme B. Severe C. Moderate D. Minor

5. Calculate the static pressure at the lowest point of a correctly set-up hydronic heating system that is 26 feet to the highest point.

A. 11 ¼ psi B. 15 ¼ psi C. 11 ¼ feet of head D. 15 ¼ feet of head

4. When constructing a radiant floor panel, approximately how much tube would be needed to cover a 436 sq. ft. area using 8” centre-to-centre spacing?

6. What is the recommended maximum centre-to-centre spacing of tubing for a residential in-floor radiant panel?

A. 872 feet B. 654 feet C. 567 feet D. 436 feet

A. 8” B. 10” C. 12” D. 14”

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7. When zoning with a circulator, what must be included in the installation?

A. A zone valve.

B. A flow check.

C. A flow switch.

D. A pressure sensor.

8. What is a thermostatic radiator valve (TRV)?

A. A radiator bleed valve.

B. A safety relief valve for the radiator.

C. A drain cock and purging valve.

D. A non-electric zone valve.

9. How does a thermostatic mixing valve differ from a 3-way valve?

A. There is no difference between the valves.

B. The 3-way valve cannot be motorized.

C. The thermostatic mixing valve has factory set limits.

D. Only the 3-way valve can be adjusted for different temperatures.

10. What materials should not be used in an open-loop hydronic system?

A. Ferrous materials B. Non-ferrous materials C. Stainless steel D. Brass

So, any new world records set?

10 out of 10 correct – That’s a gold-medal performance if we’ve ever seen one.

7 to 9 correct – A silver lining, and not a bad day at the office.

5 or 6 correct – You made the podium with a bronze medal.

4 or below – Time to find a new coach. Better luck next time.

With thanks to Dave Hughes (top), Associate Chair (Special Projects) Pipe Trades Programs, School of Trades at the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, and Warren Hyde (bottom), a Plumbing and Hydronics professor at Mohawk College in Hamilton, Ont. www.nait.ca • www.mohawkcollege.ca W HAT

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Jeff House is an experienced industry professional and hydronics trainer. He handles the sales territory from the Niagara region to the Greater Toronto Area for Jess-Don Dunford, a manufacturers’ rep in Ontario. He can be reached at jhouse@jessdondunford.com.

This quiz is going to be a little different. Instead of finding the fix, this time we are going to design a job. In part II, we will design the job as it was sold.

After completing a heat loss/heat gain for the owner, you put together a simple design for the project. You need 48,250 BTUH for this simple 1,826 sq. ft. bungalow. The owner has told you that he does not want ductwork, and that A/C wouldn’t be required on the job. The only extra you managed to talk him into was an indirect water heater rather than a rental.

You select an inexpensive wall hung boiler and matching indirect from the wholesaler. The wholesaler has a non-condensing 125,000 BTUH boiler and a 40-gallon indirect at a very competitive price. So you add in the near boiler piping accessories and put together your best price. A very simple and inexpensive series baseboard loop is the way to go. You feel confident about landing this job.

1. Based on the information above, you select a 3-speed circulator because: A) it has always worked before.

B) it is the cheapest one you can buy – cheaper than a single speed pump.

C) you calculated the flow and head and this was the right choice.

D) you know that speed 3 will handle the job just like the last one – besides, you can always change speeds, right?

3. To select the right size pipe for the job you: 2. Sizing the baseboard is easy.

A) Just match the window size with the appropriate amount of baseboard: 5 feet of window equals 5 feet of baseboard.

B) Divide the room heat loss by the output of the radiator at a design water temperature of 180°F. C) Divide the whole house heat loss by the output of the baseboard and distribute evenly throughout the house.

D) Divide the room heat loss by the output of the radiator at a design water temperature of 120°F.

A) use 3/4” to match the radiator size.

B) use 1” to match the boiler fittings.

C) use 1-1/4” because that is the proper size for the BTUH output of the boiler.

D) go with what the wholesaler says.

4. To size the indirect, all you have to do is: A) get the cheapest one the wholesaler has.

B) divide the volume of the indirect by ␲r x delta T. C) ask the owner which size he wants, telling him the larger he goes the more it costs.

D) calculate the gpm required for the number of fixtures and match to the output of the indirect based on the size of the boiler.

2

Congratulations to Stojan Trajceski of Tesla HVAC/R...

He’s the proud new owner of a Milwaukee M18 Fuel hammer drill. Be sure to pick up the next edition of Mechanical Business to see who claims the next prize, and for the next edition of Find the Fix!

Answer and win!

Looking for the answers?

FUEL YOURSELF UP!

The answer key for the May/June quiz is: 1-A, 2-B, 3-D, 4-D

Just send us your answer key to this month’s puzzle by August 24, and you could be sporting a New Milwaukee M18 Fuel 1/4” Hex Impact Driver, courtesy of Milwaukee Electric Tool. Email answers to adam.freill@mechanicalbusiness.com and the M18 Fuel tool could be yours.

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If you need the quiz, check it out in our issue archive at www.mechanicalbusiness.com.

Left to right: Nuno D. (Stantec), Jerry L. (Uponor), Erik W. (Klimar), Brian M. (The Morgan Group), Kaveesh P. (HTS)

Both organizations stand as examples of companies which create progressive approaches to today’s building challenges.

We strive to provide solutions to allow them to meet their goals, and combine this with local support through partners like Brian Morgan, The Morgan Group and Erik Walesiak, Klimar Agency together with members of our team like Jerry Leyte, Commercial Business Development Manager, we look

Founding Sponsor

www.uponorpro.com/thefutureis

to enabling everyone to create better human environments, because at Uponor we provide Simply More.

The Future Is Enabling At Uponor “enabling the environments we will create” is one of our values and goals. It means that all our solutions provide you the flexibility, comfort and efficiency your clients deserve. We are proud that many of our partners within the marketplace share this ideal. Partners like Nuno Duarte Practice Leader, at Stantec, or Kaveesh Padiachy, Ottawa Controls Manager at HTS Engineering Ltd.

Photos: Kelly Moss / Kelly Moss Photography

ROAD WARRIOR

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By Jeb Roberts

Name: Craig Stewart Company: Garthside Ltd. Job title: President Tenure: With the company for 12 years, owner for seven.

Age: 37 Born in: Mississauga, Ont. Lives in: Penetanguishene, Ont. Family: Married with a five-year-old son and an eight-year-old daughter Pet: A French bulldog named Daisy — the office mascot In the mechanical industry since: 1999 Trade school: Georgian College W H A T

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F a v our i t e t o o l i n y o u r t o o lb o x: “ P r o b ab ly m y Id eal m u lt im et e r.”

Favourite thing about the job: “Doing the controls and automation.

I like being the guy out there doing the setup and programming.”

Favourite food: “Anything off a cow.”

Time behind the wheel per day: “I’m probably out there four to six hours a day. I put 1,500 kilometres on my truck in town last week.”

Favourite website: Uponor Professional (uponorpro.com)

Service area: Central Ontario. “It’s a big area, but I’ve doubled our customer database since I bought the business. We originally stuck to the Midland/Penetang area, but the times for sticking close to home are few and far between — you have to go where the work is.”

Favourite Beverage: “Beer. I’m a Bud Light guy.”

Biggest pet peeve: “Excuses.”

Favourite place to vacation: “A Caribbean cruise. I’m big on the all-inclusive thing.”

One place in the world you would like to visit: “Scotland.”

One word that describes you: “Committed.”

If I had $100,000 dollars to invest in my company, I would... “spend it on tools, vehicles and advertising.”

Favourite band/performer: “Pink Floyd.

My wife and I did Dark Side of the Moon for our wedding music.”

When I was a kid, I wanted to be a... “garbage man, so I could ride on the back of the truck.”

Best concert you ever attended? “Roger Waters two years ago at the ACC in Toronto.”

If I had a super power it would be... “mind reading. I could close every job.”

Favourite movie: The Big Lebowski

If I had tomorrow off work, I would spend the day... “thinking about work.”

The best advice somebody has given you is: “If they can send monkeys to space, we can be taught anything.”

Taking control

Favourite vehicle: Harley Street Glide Favourite cartoon as a kid: Inspector Gadget Favourite sport: “My Lazyboy — I work way too much for sports.”

Favourite outdoor activity: “I boat religiously. I’ve got a 31-foot Sea Ray. Once you get past the six to eight months of winters up here, the summers fly by.”

Favourite drive-thru restaurant: Tim Hortons Favourite local haunt for lunch: “Ciboulette et Cie. It’s kind of a deli lunch-counter place with healthy, homemade-style food.”

Running an HVAC company is one thing, but it’s taking charge of hydronics installations with complicated control systems that Craig loves best about his job. One such project stands out as the most complex — and enjoyable — Craig has worked on.

“We have a big custom hydronics project that’s been ongoing for a while. It’s a 10,000-sq. ft. century home up on Georgian Bay,” he says. “It’s a full custom gut with a full HVAC install, three hydronic air handlers, one forced-air gas unit, and 11 zones of heat, and there isn’t a single thermostat in the house. We used blind thermostats throughout because the customer didn’t want anything visible. He’s a technical guy, and he wanted his basement to look like a submarine, so that’s where all the controls are.

“Right now we’re working on his boathouse, which stands 65 feet to the ceiling.

We’re putting a big ventilation system in there for the carbon monoxide when he backs his boat in, and it can all be controlled through his iPhone.

“It’s my favourite job so far, just because we’ve spent so much time with the detail and getting the control room to look like a submarine. You can’t see a single wire — everything’s hidden, and it’s all our design.”

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Troubleshooting

CONTROLS

IN THE REAL WORLD

W

hile most contractors know exactly what the hydronic controls need to do, they can't always get the control to do what they want. Since there are multiple controls in the marketplace, sometimes this is simply a matter of terminology, but sometimes it's that the standard settings don't work for a certain situation. Here are some tips to solve those issues.

TASK 1:

INFORMATION GATHERING

Find out the preferences of the occupants, and determine the purpose of the building. These two pieces of information will tell you more than anything about how your settings should be adjusted. If you ever ask for phone support from a control specialist, tell them these pieces of information early in the conversation – it will guide them to the right conclusions and speed things up for you.

The indoor setting

Next, look at the building and note things like:

The indoor setting goes by many names, including indoor setpoint, room setting, and indoor temperature. On a control – as opposed to a thermostat – this setting adjusts supply water temperature for all outdoor temperatures. You only really need to adjust this when there are times when the homeowner cannot adjust the thermostat to get the temperature they want.

The simplest way to describe this setting is, “This is the maximum temperature I want to get in any room, no matter how high the thermostat is set.”

Thus, as a general guideline, I set the indoor setpoint at 72 to 74°F, or 22 to 23°C. This allows a bit of flexibility for the homeowner in terms of indoor temperature versus system design, without too much system cycling or wasted energy due to higher-than-necessary water temperatures.

For seniors residences, you may have to set the Indoor setting as high as 80°F. In warehouses, you may only want to set them at 70°F maximum.

Tell homeowners that this is the only setting they should ever touch – it should more than suffice for their needs and the worst downside of cranking up this setting is that they'll short-cycle their equipment a little more.

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The number of windows; Whether it is north or south facing; If there are areas with high ceilings; and Whether it is a sheltered or exposed building.

All of these will give you clues about how you may need to deviate from a “standard setup.”

Indoor setpoint vs. Indoor design You might see a control where it has TWO indoor settings: a “setpoint” and a “design” setting. In my experience, there is never any reason to adjust the indoor design – all you are going to do is distort the heating curve in strange ways that are difficult to interpret and predict. Instead, leave this number at 70°F (21°C) and move on.

70°F (21°C)

by Eric Riml Eric Riml is a certified hydronic designer working in Calgary, Alta. He can be reached at feedback@hotwaterheating.info.

Maxing out

A very close cousin to “maximum supply temperature,” is “design supply.”

This is the setting where you tell the control that, for that load, this is the maximum water temperature you want at the coldest times of the year, not including some variance for differential.

For example, if you want a water temperature of 140°F when it's the coldest day of the year, enter 140°F as the design supply. However, if you don't want the water temperature to exceed 140°F ever, you need to set that as your maximum supply.

If you set both design supply and maximum supply to the same number you can run into a short cycling issue, where the control tries to reach target and stay there, but any variance will shut it down. And it will try again and again and again.

Instead, set the max supply at least five to 10°F higher.

A 10°F difference is better, unless you have a “hard maximum,” like when you need to protect subflooring from high water temperatures. continues on page 60

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Troubleshooting

continued from page 59

Outdoor design temperature Down-fired Fire Tube Stainless steel design Efficiencies & performance Installation flexibility

Also called outdoor setpoint, or simply outdoor, this setting tells the control when you want it to reach its design supply temperature. This means that the lower (colder) you push this setting, the longer it will take for the boiler to come up to full temperature.

What?

Yes, that's right – it's opposite to what you might think. The most common misconception goes something like this, “I'd better set this number really low to account for the coldest weather.” The contractor sets the outdoor design to -35°C, and wonders why the boiler isn't coming up to temperature when it's really cold out (say, -20°C). Don't fall into this trap – it's an easy way to get callbacks during your busiest time of the year.

Instead, I recommend looking up the design temperature for your area (a wholesale heating department in your area, or manufacturer's representative who sells controls can also tell you this). Even if you know that it gets colder than the design temperature number in your area, resist the urge to set the outdoor design lower. In houses with lots of glass and north facings, you can even set the outdoor design a bit higher (by up to +5°F), to ensure that they get the water temperature they need on cloudy days.

DIFFERENTIAL This term is common in the industry, probably because hot water tanks all have a differential setting. In short, differential is the amount that the temperature is allowed to vary above and below the current temperature target setting. If you have to set a fixed differential for a hydronic system, good starting numbers are 20°F for the heating appliance, and five to 10°F for a load. However, adjusting a fixed differential can be tricky – which is why I recommend using the “auto differential” setting whenever one exists for the control.

Innovation as Solid as Steel

Terminal Unit

Don't be confused by this term. All it is asking is, “How are you heating this house?” Common choices are air handler (fancoil), low-mass radiant (in-joist), high mass radiant (slab), radiator (high mass rads), or convector (low mass rads). Sometimes you might have to look at a table to determine that “terminal unit type 1” actually means “baseboard.”

The reason to mess with this setting at all is that controls are now smart enough to recognize that different heating methods have different response times, and the control will allow more time for high masses to react before changing their behaviour. For example, if you tell the control about a high mass terminal unit, the control might delay going into high fire despite a continual call for heat. Setting the terminal unit correctly reduces short cycling.

If you want to fine-tune the differential setting you need to know what is actually happening in the building. This is not something to try without gathering information on the system in operation – probably throughout a whole heating season. The problem with adjusting the differential is that optimal differential is based on the loads, and thus the season. However, if you feel the need to change the setting, here are some guidelines: 1. If you see severe short-cycling, increase the differential; 2. If you see wild supply temperature swings to the loads, decrease the differential; 3. If you see both #1 and #2, you really need a control with auto differential, or there's another problem with the system.

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Stainless steel down-fired Fire Tube design Nine models from 60,000 to 399,000 BTU/Hr Full modulation up to 5:1 turndown 96% AFUE efficiency

epk_\idXc%Zfd

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By Rodney D. M. Brandon Rodney D. M. Brandon is a brand and product portfolio strategist to HVAC and other industries, and can be reached at rodbrandon@live.ca.

STABILITY:

FIXED VS. VARIABLE

In previous articles, we looked at how variable speed pumps can provide energy savings in hydronic systems. In this article, we will review the differences in system stability between fixed speed and variable speed pump control.

The simplest of all controls is a manual on/off switch.

However, this all or nothing approach, without automated feedback control, is really only suitable for system start-up or shut-down. To automatically control a pump (or anything else) to suit dynamic conditions, a feedback control loop is often required.

The types of sensors and control equipment used are determined by the selected control algorithm. The simplest automated pump control algorithm is on/off control, commonly referred to as bang/bang control.

The output of the controlled device is monitored by a sensor, whose output is fed to the input of the controller. The controller compares the sensor output to a reference setpoint. The controller then processes all inputs to produce an output, as required to operate the controlled device.

Any resultant change in the controlled device output is detected by the sensor, and the revised output is fed to the controller, the device operation changed, and so on, ad infinitum.

Where there is less tolerance to temperature variation and noise, a desire for superior occupant comfort, and a higher tolerance to initial cost, a more complex form of control, such as a variable-speed PID (proportional– integral–derivative) system, may be in order.

THE BANG/BANG ALGORITHM EXPLAINED An example of the bang/bang control algorithm using a feedback control loop may consist of: 1. A fixed speed pump to a radiator as the “device”; 2. A thermostat as the “sensor”; and 3. An on/off relay output, as the “controller.”

When the thermostat senses that the temperature is below the setpoint, the pump is turned on, delivering maximum flow (and BTUs) to the occupied space. As the temperature continues on page 64

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continues from page 62

rises above the setpoint, the pump is shut off, allowing the occupied space to cool, and so on.

In illustration 2, we have an example of fixed speed pump bang/bang control that is maintaining a nominal temperature of 21.5°C (71°F) – represented by the blue line. We cannot start and stop the pump at the desired temperature. To do so would cause the start relay to chatter profusely. So instead we set a band around the target temperature with high (red) and low (yellow) temperature setpoints, these being 22°C (72°F) and 21°C (70°F) respectively.

For HVAC applications, we can use variable speed pumps with a PID (or some variation) control scheme to match the heat gain with heat loss or instantaneous setpoint change, thereby maintaining a very stable system and improving occupant comfort.

An example of a PID control algorithm using a Feedback Control Loop may consist of: 1. A variable speed pump to a radiator as the “device”; 2. A thermistor as the “sensor”; 3. An electronic thermostat for the “setpoint”; and 4. A comparator with 0-10Vdc output as the “controller.”

Now, rather than having simple all-or-nothing control of the pump, which one has with the bang/bang control algorithm, we can adjust the speed of the pump to meet the specific demand at any given moment.

When the thermistor senses that the temperature is below the setpoint, the pump speed is increased, delivering more flow (and BTUs) to the occupied space. As the temperature rises, the pump speed is reduced, maintaining the system in equilibrium.

We can see that there is some lag in the control system between the process variable (PV - temperature) monitored (purple) and the pump control signal (green) so the temperature is overshooting the setpoint limits. This amount of temperature fluctuation is quite typical of bang/bang control, and perhaps may even be somewhat understated.

An improperly tuned PID control can cause oscillations, resulting in less stability than a bang/bang control algorithm. It is important to ensure that the correct PID settings are selected for the application.

BANG/BANG IN ACTION The rise and fall rate of the temperature in relation to the bang/bang control signal will vary dependant on the heat loss and heat gain experienced at the time. If the heat loss is low, everything else being equal, the rise of the leading edge will be faster, and the fall of the trailing edge will be slower.

Bang/bang control, while being simple, results in cyclical temperature variation, which may be both felt and heard in system component expansion, and may be noisy when the pump is on (and running full speed). It is also hard on the pump, especially if the pump is short-cycled, and consumes more energy.

Nonetheless, this type of control is used frequently, due to its simplicity and low initial cost of components.

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Looking at the example in Illustration 3, we can see that for the first 10 minutes, the room temperate (purple) was held precisely at the setpoint temperature (blue). At 10 minutes, the setpoint temperature was raised to 22°C (72°F) and a corresponding change was made in the control signal (green), so the room temperature closely followed.

Then, at 25 minutes, the outdoor temperature began to drop. This caused a corresponding rise in the control signal, resulting in the room temperature being held precisely at the setpoint temperature.

The overshoot is minimal, with just a little oscillation of the PID algorithm, in response to the step change in the setpoint.

Cascading control For more complex control requirements, it is possible to add combinations of bang/bang, PID and other control algorithms, configured in closed-loop feedback and open-loop control schemes, to address all kinds of process variables that must be taken into account to properly control the system.

In future articles, we’ll explore various applications of different control algorithms.

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Complete contractor support

tekmar’s newly updated web site

Contractors who regularly visit the Camus website know exactly what they can expect to find. Everything. Every product in the Camus portfolio is cleanly and clearly presented.

Detailed technical specifications for every boiler are provided and complete Engineering Submittal Sheets are available for easy download. Information on the company’s Camus Certified program, links to participating Green Programs, FAQ’s and an easy-to-use rep finder round out this userfriendly website. Be sure to visit today.

Individual product pages now display everything about a product in multiple tabs. All technical literature, specifications, promotional materials and accessory links can be found in this section. A technical literature section is also back by popular demand for customers who download a large number of product brochures. The new Solutions section contains all articles related to temperature control, promotional literature, tekmar stencils for Microsoft Visio, application drawings and the digital binder. Check it out and let tekmar know what you think.

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Have you seen us lately? www.reedmfgco.com Gets Facelift To modernize Reed product webpages, the layout was enhanced. Easily navigate to find operator’s manuals, parts, accessories, and related products. An overhaul of the photo library means more photos, with helpful captions.

The new layout organizes the data and demonstrates Reed’s commitment to ongoing improvements of Reed tools reaching tool users.

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Made in North America Apollo Valves is your “Made in North America” solution. From backflow preventers to mixing valves and everything in between, apollovalves.com features 16 categories of Apollo products, 3D drawings, technical literature, videos, price lists, rep locators and much more. Be sure to visit today and check back often.

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Manifolds MAKING THE MOST OF THE

LOCATION

By Jerry Leyte

Jerry Leyte, P.Eng., MASc., is the Canadian commercial sales engineer for radiant heating and cooling at Uponor. He can be reached at jerry.leyte@uponor.com.

I

Manifold Access Panel

n a perfect world, architects and engineers would always select manifold locations that allow designers to maximize the efficiency of the radiant system design and optimize the loop layout. The manifolds would all be in recessed wall cabinets that blend in well with the architectural design and are easily accessible for the installation contractor. Also, during the design and construction phase of a project, none of the manifolds would ever have to be relocated, or require a loop layout revision.

It sounds too good to be true, but one can dream.

When designing a radiant heating and cooling system, one of the design challenges is the selection of optimum locations for manifolds. Manifolds are typically installed in recess w all cabinets and mechanical rooms. Due to limitations in loop lengths for optimum efficiency, the locations of manifolds must be carefully coordinated with the engineers and architects.

Strategic manifold location selections may allow you to minimize the total number of manifolds needed for a project. A single manifold location may allow loops to be fed to two or three different radiant zones, and each zone could be controlled individually with loop actuators.

When selecting manifold locations, there are a number of parties who will have some input and interest in where the manifolds get located.

Radiant system designers will want to pick a location that makes the overall loop layouts and design the most efficient. Contractors will want locations that have easy access for installation and servicing .

Architects will want locations that don’t interfere with the floor plan, and are aesthetically pleasing. Engineers will generally want locations that are in close proximity to the main supply and return w ater lines for the heating and cooling system. continues on page 68

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REVERSERETURN TO THE RESCUE Sometimes the stars do align and a project goes smoothly without any manifold challenges.

When challenges do arise, creative thinking is often required, and some negotiation needs to take place between the architects, engineers, radiant designers and mechanical contractors. Periodically a manifold may need to be installed horizontally in a floor slab or recessed into a ceiling.

For some projects, the number of manifolds required and the number of loops per manifold can be minimized by incorporating a reverse return header into the loop layout within the slab.

Building these types of reverse return radiant systems will require special consideration when selecting manifolds, as a multi-loop reverse return system will have higher flow rate requirements for each supply and return leader that goes back to the manifold.

The manifold selection for this type of system would need to meet the overall flow and head pressure requirements for those loops.

designNOTES There are numerous types and sizes of manifolds to select from when designing a radiant system with brass, stainless steel, copper and engineered polymer (EP). Typical sizes range between two and 12 loops per manifold, or even larger if using a customdesigned copper manifold.

1

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1. Concentric Termination Kits (PVC & CPVC) 2", 3" & NEW 4" diameters

2. Wall Termination Kits (PVC) 2", 2-1/2" & 3" diameters

3. Low Profile Termination Kits (PVC)

Integral Fins prevent the cap from sitting flush to the wall, ensuring proper spacing needed for air flow.

Molded Cap with socket allows for vent screens and extensions. Cap can be mechanically fastened, allowing for quick removal and easy cleaning.

4" Kit

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Pipe-in-pipe Design allows for single wall penetration resulting in fewer holes to core & seal.

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System 636® Flue Gas Venting System has added a NEW 4" Concentric Kit to it’s versatile line-up of Termination Kits.

Gas fired appliances are changing rapidly as they meet higher demands for energy efficiency. In its commitment to service the industry and its ever evolving needs, IPEX has added a new 4" Concentric Kit to our Termination Kit line-up in both PVC & CPVC. This, along with our complete line of pipe, fittings & cements, makes System 636® a truly complete package.

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continues from page 66

Selecting locations that meet all of these preferences can sometimes prove challenging and good communication amongst all parties early in the design process will help minimize the need to make changes to manifold locations .

Often architects and engineers will pre-select where they w ant the manifolds to be located and also select the size and shape of the radiant zones within the project scope. Many times these zone sizes and manifold locations are well suited to the radiant design of the Good Manifold Location loop layout, but there are times when manifold locations have to be changed.

Problematic Manifold Location

Diagram 1 shows a particular zone and manifold location that is not well suited to radiant heating or cooling design.

In this example, the architects wanted the manifold to be located in a closet at the end of a hallw ay. Closets are great locations for manifolds as they are usually easily accessible for contractors, and architects don’t need to make the manifold cabinet blend in with the aesthetics of the design space .

As shown in the diagram, however, the loops for the zone cannot effectively be completed with the given manifold location. The narrow hallway leading to the manifold gets filled completely with radiant loops and the zone is only partially completed.

Having loops this close together in a r adiant slab will inevitably lead to overheating and overcooling in the hallw ay area. If the floor area gets overcooled, condensation could be an issue.

The only ways to eliminate this concern would be to insulate the pipes in the slab in the high risk area, or relocate the manifold to a better location.

Relocating the manifold will eliminate this concern as it allows all of the loops from the manifold to fan out in all directions and adequately fill the zone area with the required loops while maintaining proper tube spacing and not risking overheating or overcooling.

ASPACEFOREVERYLOOP Depending on the type of manifold being specified for a project, multiple manifolds may be required for a given zone due to the number of loops required and the maximum number of loops available on the specified manifold.

For example, if brass manifolds are being used and the largest available manifolds only have 12 loops, and you need 17 loops for the given zone, then you would obviously require two manifolds. The manifolds could be any combination of configurations to provide the necessary 17 loops for that particular zone.

The available locations for the manifolds may help in the size selection process as well. Some areas available for manifolds may have space limitations, so the smallest possible manifold may be needed for that given location.

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PICKING A MANIFOLD Selecting a manifold for a given radiant zone is determined by size of the zone, the tube spacing, tube size and loop length.

For example, if using 5/8� tubing the optimal loop length would be around 300 to 350 feet per loop. If the zone area is around 1,000 sq. ft., and you are designing for radiant heating at nineinch spacing, then you would need approximately 1,330 feet of tubing (1,000 sq. ft. x 1.33 feet/sq. ft.). This would result in a manifold requiring four loops, with each being around 333 feet in length.

If that same zone was being designed for radiant heating and cooling, six-inch spacing would typically be used, which in turn would require more tubing (1,000 sq. ft. x 2.0 feet/sq. ft. = 2,000 feet).

Keeping with the desired loop length of approximately 330 feet per loop, you would now require a six-loop manifold instead of the four-loop manifold for a heating-only system.

If 3/4� tubing is used on the project, then 500-foot loops could be used instead of 350-foot loops, which would require fewer loops in a given zone, resulting in smaller or fewer manifolds being needed.

HYDRONIC Condensing boiler line Available in six models, with inputs ranging from 1.5 to 5 million BTUH, Lochinvar’s Crest condensing boiler offers thermal efficiencies as high as 99 per cent. The units can operate with flow rates ranging from 20 to 350 gpm. The boilers feature a dualsystem burner design with up to 25:1 turndown.

www. lochinvar.com

Injection mixing control panel The Injection Mixing Control Panel from Hydronic Panel Systems is designed to control supply and return fluid temperatures through injection mixing.

The panel can be used in applications where conventional heat sources are used with low-temperature radiant floor heating. It can also function as a multiple zone system, as on/off valves located on the supply manifold are fitted with optional electrical valve actuators to control individual loops.

www. hydronicpanels.com

Control valve The Ultra Setter control valve from Bell & Gossett is available in sizes ranging from 1/2" to 2" with flow rates from 0.13 to 37 gpm. The valve features a field-adjustable, lockable dial that allows the user to set and change maximum flow rate, and a design that provides full stroke modulation while maintaining 100 per cent authority.

www. completewatersystems.com

Down-fired boiler NY Thermal’s Trinity Fire Tube is a down-fired boiler featuring a stainless-steel heat exchanger, full modulation and up to 5:1 turndown. The unit is available in nine models ranging from 60,000 to 399,000 BTUH with an efficiency rating of up to 96 per cent AFUE, and its venting can extend up to 150 feet.

www. nythermal.com

Automatic air vent Designed to remove air that accumulates in systems, Caleffi’s Minical automatic air vent helps combat air pockets trapped in heat exchangers, cavitation in circulation pumps, and oxidative corrosion. The vent is available with 1/8" NPT male connections, and its maximum purging capacity is 1.6 cubic feet per minute.

www. caleffi.com

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57 RUNTIME %

MORE

UP TO 1.5X MORE RUNTIME VS LEADING COMPETITORS

BRUSHLESS MOTOR

BRUSHED MOTOR

“GREEN” indicates electronic transfer of energy within the tool.

This allows the tool to run longer between charges.

“RED” indicates friction caused by brushes on conventional motors.

This slows the motor down and generates heat.

PUSH BUTTON CHUCK

One handed operation for quick & easy accessory changes

FUEL GAUGE BATTERY

Check the amount of charge left in the battery, packs are fully interchangeable with existing 20V MAX* tools.

3-SPEED DESIGN

Provides enhanced application control.

Monitor what speed the tool is in without turning it on.

MORE ONLINE

For more detail and full video demonstrations, scan this code using any QR-code reader.

† Vs. brushed motors.

1 - Vs. DEWALT 20V MAX* DCF885C2. Number of 3" deck screws driven into a pressure treated 4"x4". Average results based on 3 units, 2 times each.

2 - Up to 1.5x More Run-Time vs Leading Competitors" vs. Makita 18V Brushless LXDT01Z(with BL1815 Battery), Milwaukee 18V 2650-21 (with Red Lithium Battery), Hitachi 18V WH18DSAL, Bosch 18V 25618-01. Number of 3" deck screws driven into a pressure treated 4"x4". Average results based on 3 units, 2 times each. * Maximum initial battery voltage (measured without a workload) is 20 volts. Nominal voltage is 18. ** Maximum initial battery voltage (measured without a workload) is 12 volts. Nominal voltage is 10.8.

HYDRONIC

Multi-boiler control system

Condensing boilers

Ideal for multi-residential and light commercial applications, tekmar’s Boiler Control 275 is designed to provide staging control for up to four on/off or modulating boilers while taking the operating characteristics of each boiler into account to increase efficiency. The system offers sequencing and rotation for dual-system pumps, and optional remote access and motoring.

Fulton’s Caliber line of condensing boilers are offered in sizes ranging from 300,000 to 850,000 BTUH. The units feature Honeywell SOLA controls and coiled stainless-steel heat exchangers. The units are equipped with a variable-speed premix combustion system capable of a 5:1 turndown, and they generate less than 20 ppm emissions of NOx.

www. tekmarcontrols.com

www. fulton.com

Three-speed pump Designed for medium-sized hydronic systems, the Taco 0015-IFC three-speed pump line offers flow rates ranging up to 18 gpm, with a max shut-off head of 21 feet. The 1/10 hp pump fits all standard two-bolt flanges and pipe sizes ranging from 3/4" to 1 1/2".

www. taco-hvac.com

Brazed-plate heat exchanger PHE Systems’ FP15x34 FlatPlate brazedplate heat exchanger is designed for a variety of applications including radiant floor heating. The exchanger features a safety chamber that absorbs stress from thermal shock and pressure pulsations, and protects against overloading. The unit’s maximum flow rate is 600 gpm, and its maximum heating capacity is 9,000,000 BTUH.

www. gea-phe.com

Low water cut-off Available in 120 VAC and 24 VAC versions, McDonnell & Miller’s PSE-800-M manual reset low water cut-off (LWCO) comes in both standard and extended configurations and can be used as the secondary LWCO on steam boilers or the primary LWCO on hot water boilers. The unit features advanced lockout delay, power-interruption reset and a self-cleaning probe.

www. completewatersystems.com

Hydronic IQ Answers: 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-B, 5-B, 6-C, 7-B, 8-D, 9-C, 10-A

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129

the NEW

ESC

IQ

control system

85% AFUE – Cast Iron, Gas, Sealed Combustion or Power Vented Boiler with IQ Control System

Alpine

96% AFUE – Stainless Steel,Condensing Gas Boiler with Sage2.1 Control System

ES2

IQ

control system

85% AFUE – Cast Iron, Gas, Natural Draft Boiler with IQ Control System

U.S. Boiler Company is North America’s leader in residential hydronic DA=PEJC &P D=O EJPNK@Q?A@ IKNA JAS "+"/$6 01 / N=PA@ DECD ABł?EAJ?U boilers over the last few years than any other company at any time in the history of hydronics! For more information, come and see the New US at www.usboiler.net

HYDRONIC

Design-focused radiator Jaga’s Strada radiator is a slim, contemporary-looking radiator for use with a boiler or heat pump. The unit is available in a variety of colour choices and is equipped with the company’s Low-H20 technology, which is designed to reduce energy consumption. It also features a cool-touch front panel that remains cool to the touch, even with waterflow temperatures up to 90°C. With an incoming water temperature of 75°C, heat outputs in the line range from 2,613 to 25,652 BTUH for the Model 20 unit.

www. jaga-canada.com

Geothermal heat pump The Envision2 compact geothermal heat pump from WaterFurnace is available in 0.75- to six-ton capacities with an efficiency rating of up to 30 EER and can be used in a closed loop with a boiler and cooling tower. Options include a factoryinstalled 24V motorized on/off water valve for variable-frequency-drive pumping with automatic internal water flow control and high-efficiency PSC, five-speed ECM, or variable-speed ECM motors.

www. waterfurnace.com

JOIN, LEARN

Profit

We have the most comprehensive resources available in Canada... all helping you to work smarter, faster and more profitably.

• Servicing all hydronic professionals • • Standards, codes and regulatory compliance information • • Training and skills development programs • • Supporting consumer awareness programs including Beautiful Heat •

JOIN, LEARN, PROFIT

Call Ken Tomihiro at 1-888-275-2474 www.canadianhydronics.ca k.tomihiro@ciph.com 74

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Underlayment for radiant floor heating Poured 32 to 38 mm thick over any brand of hydronic tube or electric heating cable, Therma-Floor gypsum underlayment is designed to enhance heating system responsiveness while gradually conducting heat. The underlayment, which weighs less than 58.7 kg/m² and is formulated to resist breakdown to 150˚F (66˚C), has a smooth surface that allows installation of any floor covering.

www. maxxoncorporation.com

The Murelle HE provides domestic hot water on demand and central heating in one compact unit. Wall hung for the ultimate in space efficiency, this fully modulating unit comes complete with built-in circulator, expansion tank and air eliminator and is up to 97% (condensing) efficient.

Known worldwide as “The Intelligent Combi”, the Murelle HE is multi-zone capable, features a solar-ready PCB board and hosts a stainless steel heat exchanger covered by a 10-year warranty. PVC vent pipe approved, this contractor-friendly combi boiler is A.S.M.E and Energy Star certified.

Call us today, or visit us online, for more information.

Murelle HE

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North American Distribution by: S U P P L Y

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DISTRI BUTOR OPPORTU N ITI ES AVAI LABLE!

Well-deserved

‘Buzz’ HIGH EFFICIENCY

Taco introduces a new wet rotor, variable speed “smart” circulator that has the industry buzzing.

It delivers both electrical savings plus system efficiency cost savings. Sweet!

The unique ECM motor saves more than 85% electrical energy over conventional units. The circulator is capable of operating in several modes: Delta-T, fixed speed, multi-speed with four different speeds or set point, to meet a desired temperature. When operated in the Delta-T mode, it greatly increases the overall efficiency of the boiler, saving even more fuel and money.

The Bumble Bee also increases whole house comfort by continuously adjusting its speed to deliver the right amount of BTUs - to the right place in the system at the right time.

For hydronic, radiant heat and snowmelt applications, the new Taco Bumble Bee delivers the ultimate state-of-the-art performance today.

TACO CANADA LTD. 8450 Lawson Road, Milton, ON L9T 0J8 Tel. 905-564-9422 Fax. 905-564-9436 www.taco-hvac.com

eLearning

Air Eliminators

Hot Water on D’MAND®

Circulators

Electronic Controls

Radiant Mixing Blocks

iSeries Mixing Valves

ProFit Parts

Software

FloPro Fl P Tutorials

COHA

Canadian Oil Heat Association 1

PHOTO OPPORTUNITIES

Oil rises to the occasion The Laurentian Mountains formed a picturesque backdrop as oil-heat professionals from across Canada gathered in Mont Tremblant, Que., for Cleaner Heat 2012, the Canadian Oil Heat Association’s 29th annual symposium. Keeping with this year’s theme, “Taking Charge of Change,” guest speakers covered a range of topics including profiting from service, harnessing smart technologies, and marketing to the next generation. coha.ca

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1. Taco’s Sean Giberson outlines the benefits of the Beautiful Heat campaign. 2. COHA’s Nova Scotia chapter accepts the 2012 Delivering the Goods award. 3. Attendees rode gondolas up the mountain to dine at the Tremblant Mountain Summit Chalet. 4. Steve Hazell, technical services manager at Wilson Fuel Co. Ltd., discusses the results of the Retire Your Tank Program. 5. Robert Fortin of MacEwan Petroleum Inc. speaks at the Delivering the Goods awards luncheon. 6. Daniel Chiasson, director of Co-op Energy and founding member of COHA’s New Brunswick chapter, speaks during dinner at the Fairmont Tremblant. 7. Consultant Barry Burnett, co-owner of Business Development Resources, discusses profiting from service programs. 8. COHA president Veronica Yu addresses attendees at the annual general meeting. 9. In addition to his keynote address on changing consumer perceptions, consultant Dave Neely gave a second talk aimed at marketing to millennials. 10. COHA Chair Robert Fortin (far left) and Jason Abraham (far right) thank the symposium’s diamond sponsors, Robica, Abilis Energy and Beckett. 11. After dinner at the Summit Chalet, a surprised Mike Hennessey received the event’s $1,500 draw prize. 12.

2012 saw the certification of five more GreenTech Gold Level technicians. 13. Awards were presented to attendees who braved the rain at the 2nd COHA Cup golf tournament.

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COVER STORY

Catriona from London

By Adam Freill

Photo:s Press Association Images/CP PHOTO/Frank Gunn and Ewan Nicholson Photography

Olympic Morning 4 a.m. – 12 p.m. EST 1 a.m. – 9 a.m. PST (9 a.m. – 5 p.m. in London)

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Catriona Le May Doan is known for setting Canadian and Olympic records over a speed skating career that spanned four Olympic Games, but just because she has retired does not mean that her Olympic career is over yet, she’s just moved her playing field to the broadcast booth.

Recently named as a co-host for the London Summer Games, Le May Doan will bring insight into the inner workings of an elite-level athlete each day while the games are on.

“It is an eight hour show. At times it will be crazy, and at

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times, we become more like traffic cops directing focus from one place to another. What I hope is that I am able t o bring some reality to Canadians, to explain how the athletes are feeling, good or bad,” she said during a recent interview from her home in Calgar y. “I do understand what they are going through, regardless of the result, because I’ve had every one of those results, good and bad.”

While her 4 a.m. to noon (Eastern Standard Time) might be tough for North American viewing schedules, being on air when the local time in London is be tween 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.

FINDING GREAT ICE

CATRIONA, THE COMPETITOR “I’ve never been competitive with other people, but I am very competitive with myself,” says Le May Doan. “My first or second year, I was at the Canadian championships, and the organizers came over to my mom and told her that I had just broken a Canadian record. Well, the next day they came over and apologized, explaining that I had just missed the r ecord. She came and told me, and my reaction was, ‘Okay, how fast do I have to go to break it?’”

In speed skating circles Calgary is known for having the fastest ice on the planet, so it might not come as a surprise that it is the home rink of Canada’s Catriona Le May Doan. But what makes the location so good for making ice where records fall?

“There is so much science,” says the athlete, who is known for her record-setting pace. “The great thing about the oval is that they are the experts. Before a big competition they would cancel public skating, they make the ice thinner. And they have a bottom temperature to the ice and a top temperature.”

The ice in Calgary is made with demineralized water, which helps to reduce the amount of dirt and mineral build-up that can increase friction between the ice and skate blades, and the temperatures of the surface is tightly controlled to range from -2 to -7 degrees Celsius, depending on the needs of the activity.

And although she probably won’t admit it, Le May Doan likely knows more about the ice than most of the skaters who have laced up the blades there, having met her husband, ice maker Bart Doan, at the oval. “He was driving the Zamboni and making the ice – that shows you the amount of time we spent at the oval.”

The Olympic experience Over the course of her competitive career, Le May Doan was in four opening ceremonies, beginning in 1994 in Lillehammer, Norway, and was the Canadian flag bearer in 2002 in Salt Lake City, Utah. “My first one was a bit of an eye-opener,” she says of the experience. “If you are not ready, it can be overwhelming.”

Mechanicals at the Olympics Did you know that the games will use 10,000 temporary toilets – that’s enough to service the entire population of Malta. In addition to that, there are more than 350,000 fixtures and fittings just in the Olympic and Paralympic Village.

does have its perks. “We will get a lot of live events, and we will be there for a lot of the medals, and that ’ll be a lot of fun.”

Don’t ask her to predict the results though. She knows better than that. “I will never predict medal numbers. I know that games are games, they are unpredictable and that’s why we watch sports, because there are no guarantees.”

That being said, she does acknowledge that Canada is aiming to improve on the 18 medals won during the Beijing Summer Olympic Games, and suggests that rowing, trampoline and cycling might be favourable events for Canada’s medal hunt.

INTO THE BROADCAST BOOTH Catriona says that she’s excited for the athletes competing in London, but is both excited and nervous for herself at the same time, since her role as morning show co-host is not something that she has done before.

“This is a new role for me, and it is overwhelming. I have so much work to do. I go back and forth from, ‘Okay, this is what I need to do,’ to panic,” she laughs. “It’s normal, but it is scary.”

Catch the games on the CTV and Rogers networks, or online at: Twitter @CTVOlympics @RDSolympiques

M e c h a n i c a l

Facebook facebook.com/ctvOlympics facebook.com/RDSolympiques

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Marketing

Doug MacMillan is president of The Letter M Marketing in Guelph, Ont. To reach him, email doug@thelettermmarketing.com.

with DOUG MACMILLAN

Home show season’s approaching: Are you aiming for quality or quantity?

I

recently heard a silly twist on a f amiliar saying: In life, there are only three sure things – death, taxes and home shows. It was a signal of show fatigue from an exhibitor tired of dragging the dog and pony to various convention centres or arenas in the hopes of building the brand or even – heaven forbid – securing a lead or two.

The first and golden rule of trade show and home show marketing is to be selective. There are more and more shows that promise to attract our customers, and we only have so much time, money and energy to invest in them. Choose the events that are well established and marketed, which best align with your services, and are populated with a strong base of w ellknown brands and exhibitors (you’re judged by the company you keep, even if they’re your competitors).

And don’t just assess the show; assess the attendees too. You want prospective customers coming through the aisles – in the contracting business that means looking for homeowners, not renters.

To help with your show prep, my team and I put together 10 tips that might help you make the most of the shows in your area this fall.

10 WAYS to get the most out of a show

1

Keep it simple. The booth should convey one strong message – who you are and what you do. Consider the exhibit a billboard, not a brochure. It’s easy enough to have sales literature tucked away, rather than papering the back wall.

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Create a space for conversation. Even in a 10-by-10 space,

3

Include the people customers will work with. It can

4

Avoid candy bowls. The pens, magnets, candies, key chains or

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this is possible. Ditch the bar fridge or brochure rack to make space for a bistro table and chairs. Conversations get more meaningful when we’re sitting comfortably.

make a huge difference to introduce visitors to a clean-cut technician or installer who might actually be in the home, and not just the owner or sales team staffing the booth.

stuffed polar bears just distract from your business and attract junk collectors. Tuck away some nicer promotional items for true prospects or key clients. They’ll appreciate the special treatment.

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5 6 7

Create an engagement tool. Using an iPad or laptop, have a quick survey or illustration you can use to connect with people and start the conversation.

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Plan a reason to email or mail something.

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Speak with everyone in the party. We selected a

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Prepare questions in advance. Too often, we talk when we should be listening. Work with your team to prepare five questions you can ask to get the prospect talking.

Location, location, location. Book early and negotiate a prime spot to avoid being stuck with the little booth in the back corner. You want to reach customers early in their journey, and most people habitually walk into a building and turn right.

Looking for an authentic excuse to follow up? In your conversation, mention that you’ve got the perfect article or know of an ideal website – just make sure it offers relevant value. And follow up quickly, perhaps using a smartphone from the show floor.

contractor for a home renovation partly based on who engaged my wife in conversation, and not just me because I initiated the dialogue.

Walk the show. Most of us alleviate boredom in the booth by strolling about, but usually it’s with an eye on the exhibits rather than an ear to the ground. Much can be learned by overhearing how other exhibitors connect with people, and what questions those people are asking.

© 2011 Masco Canada Limited.

SOMETIMES YOUR HANDS COULD USE A HAND.

Touch it on.

Or go hands-free.

ADDISON® B AT H C O L L E C T I O N

TOUCH TECHNOLOGY

HANDS-FREE TECHNOLOGY

Touch2O.xt™ Technology for the bath.

A simple touch anywhere on the spout or handle turns the water on and off. For an even cleaner experience, when your hand moves close to the faucet, Touch2O.xt Technology intuitively activates the flow of water. On display exclusively at trade locations.

Another way that Delta is more than just a faucet.

For more information, visit deltafaucet.ca/touchbath

PLUMBING B y D e ni se De v e a u

ADDING RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS TO YOUR REPERTOIRE

A sprinkling of training Some residential sprinkler system suppliers offer certification training for mechanical contractors and plumbers, and in the case of some jurisdictions, firefighters.

It is important to note that this training focuses on 13D requirements, which only apply to residential installations. Commercial applications must adhere to 13R standards, and those requirements mean that installers must go through an apprenticeship program to get journeyman status.

Level I training can be completed through distance learning or in class. This level takes installers through the basics about sprinkler systems, components and installation requirements around sprinkler heads.

Level 2 provides hands-on installation training, and can generally be done through a training centre, or on a project site under the supervision of a technical field rep.

Y

ou might think that all sprinkler systems are alike . But when it comes to separating residential from commercial installations, there can be a world of difference in terms of qualifications and training.

While residential sprinkler systems may not be as prev alent as commercial ones, there’s always a demand for well qualified installation folks to do the work when the need arises . The best part is, it’s a job that can be done by a plumber or contr actor, once they get a certification on their resume.

According to Kevin Price, Canadian business development manager for the Ecoflex-Aquasafe lines at Uponor, demand on the residential side

continues on page 84

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Products TM

Trusted above all.

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VK486 Freedom® Residential Horizontal Sidewall Sprinkler f %XLOW IURP 9LNLQJ V SDWHQWHG IORZ VKDSHU WHFKQRORJ\ f . IDFWRU f F8/XV OLVWHG ZLWK WKH ORZHVW DFKLHYDEOH IORZ UDWH RI JSP / PLQ

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VK457 Freedom® Residential Flat Plate Concealed Pendent Sprinkler f ,QGXVWU\ OHDGLQJ IORZ DQG SUHVVXUH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV f )UHHGRP RIIHUV WKH VPDOOHVW IODW FRQFHDOHG FRYHU SODWH LQ WKH LQGXVWU\ f $ ODUJHU FRYHU SODWH LV DOVR DYDLODEOH IRU PD[LPXP LQVWDOODWLRQ IOH[LELOLW\ f $ FKRLFH RI QLQH VWDQGDUG ILQLVKHV DQG XQOLPLWHG F8/XV OLVWHG FXVWRP FRORUV PDNH )UHHGRP YLUWXDOO\ XQGHWHFWDEOH RQFH LQVWDOOHG

VK480 Freedom® Residential Flat Plate Concealed Sidewall Sprinkler f )RU WKH ILUVW WLPH WKH DGYDQWDJHV RI D VLGHZDOO VSULQNOHU DYDLODEOH IXOO\ FRQFHDOHG EHKLQG D IODW FRYHU SODWH f . IDFWRU f 7KLV SDWHQW SHQGLQJ VSULQNOHU LV F8/XV OLVWHG WR SURWHFW XS WR [ IW [ P FRYHUDJH DUHDV f )RU DGGLWLRQDO LQIRUPDWLRQ YLVLW ZZZ YLNLQJJURXSLQF FRP IUHHGRP 7UXVWHG DERYH DOO ´

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PLUMBING

is typically for larger custom homes or specialty projects . But as new builds keep growing, so do the opportunities for the contr acting community.

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“People building new homes have a bigger concern about the life and safety features so are searching things out, like residential sprinkler systems,” he says. “In some cases a system can also reduce their insurance costs.”

In fact a growing number of areas across the country ha ve mandates for residential sprinklers. Alberta is particularly a hot spot for that type of thing, says Murray Pound, vice-president of operations for Gold Seal Master Builder in Carstairs, Alta. “There’s been a lot of interest here in the past five to six years, in many cases in municipalities outside of the 10-minute response zone. Either insurers or the jurisdictions are asking for added fire protection measures.”

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Picking a system There are two types of sprinkler system designs used in residential and commercial settings. Each comes with specific standards. The first is a multipurpose system in which the sprinkler heads f eed off the same piping network used for cold potable water. This enables water to flow through the system on a regular basis, eliminating the need for check valves and backflow preventers.

The advantage, Price explains, is that it alleviates any issues relating to stagnant water making its way into the potable water system.

“Every time you turn on a plumbing f ixture the water flushes through the entire sprinkler network.”

The second option is a standalone system. Given that this design does not allow flow-through, this design requires the installation of backflow preventers within 10 feet of the “T” in the mechanical room or water service entry point.

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Standalone systems are typically used in commercial settings, while multi-purpose is the system of choice for residential applications.

“Installation time and costs are less with multi-purpose,” Pound explains. “One of the biggest reasons is that no annual inspections are required.”

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DECISIONS, decisions While there are no restrictions to the linear pipe used for a residential sprinkler installation, the amount of pipe is go verned by the number of sprinkler heads and flow rate required.

In doing the layout, here’s what to consider: • To determine the overall number of sprinklers required for a home, calculate quantities based on each head deliv ering 0.05 gpm of water per sq. ft. of floor area.

• Check the standards for specific requirements for sprinkler head locations with respect to covering off floor area and the requirements for minimum distances from heat emitting devices, such as fireplaces and pot lights.

• Take into account obstructions such as ceiling fans, valances, bulkheads and beams.

• Smaller closets, bathrooms and garages do not require sprinklers.

Once the configuration work is done, then it’s time to choose the preferred type of quick-response sprinkler head: a recessed pendant; a concealed recessed sprinkler head with cover plate; and pendant style (either visible or recessed). The recessed with cover plate is the most popular choice from a décor st andpoint since plates can be made to match anything, from fabric and wood finishes to colours and patterns.

Generally speaking, the rule of thumb is to use higher temperature heads for areas where ceiling temperatures are in excess of 100°F – for example, with equipment closets with natural gas-fired furnaces, underneath skylights, and so forth. For most residential installs, however, Pound says activation at 135°F will likely be appropriate in all rooms.

If the standard fits Residential and commercial sprinkler systems follow two different standards. For residential systems, the main standard is NFPA (National Fire Protection Agency) 13D. This applies to single and two-family dwellings and townhouses. It addresses requirements for automatic sprinkler system design, installation, and maintenance, including such issues as: COMPONENTS • Aboveground pipe and equipment • Underground pipe • Pre-engineered systems WATER SUPPLY • Sources • Multi-purpose piping systems • Manufactured home water supply

“Combining the two systems into one gives you efficiencies within the home. Because it’s part of the main system, it also means that a plumber is qualified to install it,” Price notes.

Given the importance of the design and inst allation standards, and the fact that sprinklers are part of the potable water systems, Price says it’s critical that design and inst allation be done by qualified people who have been specifically trained on sprinkler systems. To that end, plumbers and contractors need to put the effort into getting certified on residential sprinkler systems.

“Anyone doing this has to make sure they are adhering to standards – specifically NFPA 13D for residential,” he says. “It’s no different than any other potable plumbing or sewer job. Codes need to be followed.”

• Common supply pipes INSTALLATION COMPONENTS • Valves • Drains and test connections • Pressure gauges • Piping support • Sprinklers and alarms SYSTEM DESIGN • Criteria and documentation • Sprinkler positioning and locations • Pipe sizing and configurations • Temperature ratings

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PLUMBING Moen’s Arbor kitchen faucet uses the company’s MotionSense technology to create a hands-free flow when a user waves above the faucet or places an object or hand above it.

The faucet is powered by a battery pack using six AA batteries housed beneath the sink or an optional AC power adapter, and a manual handle on the side of the faucet operates even during loss of power. It is available in chrome, oil-rubbed bronze, and stainless finishes.

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Designed to work with the company’s rear discharge toilets, the Saniflo SaniBest Pro uses a rotating blade to liquefy waste and toilet paper in flush water and discharge it under pressure to a drainage line or soil stack. The one-horsepower unit has a vertical discharge of 25 feet and horizontal discharge of 150 feet and a 3/4-inch pipe-size discharge. It can accommodate a maximum fluid temperature of 104°F (40°C).

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Designed to minimize splashing outside of the basin, Bradley’s Terreon Deep Well Lavatory features a moulded singlepiece construction with extra height to contain liquid. The basin ledges are pitched towards the centre of the bowl to minimize puddling, and the contoured bottom encourages quick draining. The lavatory can be equipped with factorysupplied drillings or deck-mounted faucets, and its moulded carrier arm pockets are designed to fit a range of surface-mounted brackets.

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The Grundfos Comfort System provides point-of-use hot water through the company’s patented Comfort Valve and Pump combination. The system recirculates cool, unused hot water through water lines, reducing wait time for hot water at the tap.

It has a maximum flow of 6.5 gpm and is available in bronze or steel casing.

grundfos.ca The Typhoon trailer jet from General Pipe Cleaners delivers 12 gallons per minute at 2,500 psi to eliminate grease, sediment and debris from lines. It has a 200 gallon holding tank, a 690 cc engine, a jet hose reel with capacity for 400 feet of 1/2" hose, variable speed electric rewind, and a water supply hose reel carrying 150 feet of 3/4" hose.

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HVAC/R

B y Jay Dasgu p t a Jay Dasgupta, P.Eng. LEED AP, is in the Mechanical Building Services department with R.V. Anderson Associates, Limited.

He can be reached at jdasgupta@rvanderson.com.

HVAC control in

ELECTRICAL ROOMS T

he electrical room in most commercial buildings generally contains control panels, transformers, variable frequency drives (VFDs) and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). PLCs, and other computer hardware, can be sensitive to temperature, so cooling and heating of the electrical room is well worth the investment.

To keep this equipment in an optimal temperature range for operation, free cooling can be used during the spring and fall shoulder seasons, but during the summer an air conditioning plan will be necessary. Likewise, in the winter months, a heating system will be necessary to combat cold ambient temperatures.

Fine-tuning the system

A simple micro-processor based controller can be installed and programmed to navigate the heating and cooling operations, or better yet, a slightly more complex controller can be used with an outdoor air sensor to align the conditioning needs of the utility space with the most efficient heating or cooling option.

It is possible to provide additional access to system operation, and alarms to warn the building operator about extreme conditions, should a building owner wish for a few extras. For example, a manual ventilation control can be added – an override switch (HAND-AUTO) – to allow the motorized damper to be opened and the exhaust fan turned on.

Additionally, a remote alarm that sends a message alert regarding high and low temperatures inside the electrical room can be an easy add-on. These settings can be adjusted to match the needs of the application, but looking at the example below, the high setting could be set at 35°C, while the low could send an alert at 10°C.

A sample sequence of operations Looking at an electrical room where the temperature is set to 28°C in the summer, a simple control system can allow a building owner to minimize cooling costs for the space. (Note: this temperature is adjustable to match the needs of the equipment.)

cool the space. This split AC unit cycles the cooling via its own integral thermostat to maintain the room temperature. Once the room temperature is lower than 27°C, the split system is disabled.

The air conditioner’s thermostat will have to be set above the target setpoint of heating and below that for cooling.

When the outdoor air temperature is less than 22°C, free cooling is enabled. When the room temperature rises above 28°C, a motorized damper opens and the exhaust fan starts in order to cool the room. As the room temperature reaches below 27°C, the exhaust fan stops, and the motorized damper closes.

Using the control system in the winter, a unit heater is enabled when the temperature in the room falls below 14°C. Once a temperature of 18°C is achieved in the room, the unit heater will be disabled. Like the air conditioner, the unit heater is controlled by its own integral temperature controller.

When the outdoor air temperature is above 23°C, free cooling is disabled. The motorized damper is closed and shall remain closed, and the exhaust fan is off and shall remain off. In this situation, when the room temperature rises above 28°C, a split air conditioning system would be enabled and used to

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The intermediate temperature range between 14°C to 29°C acts as a dead band at the micro-processor based controller, since conditions in the room will not require supplemental conditioning provided through the use of the motorized damper.

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Pick up your new commercial units at select Lennox PartsPlus™ or warehouse locations, or have them delivered the same day to anywhere in the area.* Plus, Lennox stocks a wide variety of adaptor curbs, so every unit will arrive installation-ready.

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PLUMBING

B y S am S t eele

THE AAV:

IS IT REALLY CHEATING? T

Sam Steele is a professor of plumbing at Humber College in Toronto, he is also a member of the Metro Area Plumbing Advisory Committee as well as an executive member of the Ontario Plumbing Inspectors Association. www.opia.info

o cheat or not to cheat, that is the question. Actually an air admittance valve is not necessarily cheating. To some of us older plumbers, we might call them cheater vents, but air admittance valves are not really cheater vents.

The older, original cheater vent was only manufactured in one size, 1-1/2â&#x20AC;?, was made of ABS or PE material, and had a diaphragm and spring that tended to wear out over time . This type of vent is not permitted to be installed in Canada.

Air admittance valves, however, are allowed in many jurisdictions across the country. In Canada, all AAVs must conform to ASSE 1051, Individual and Branch Type Air Admittance Valves for Sanitary Drainage Systems.

Air Admittance Valves have been in use for more than 25 years in Europe and for more than 10 years in Canada and the United States . The purpose of AAVs is to allow air into a dr ainage system, while at the same time not allowing sewer gases to leak out into the building. AAVs

BY DEFINITION An Air Admittance Valve is a oneway valve designed to allow air to enter the drainage system when the pressure in the plumbing system is less than the atmospheric pressure. It is closed by gravity and seals the vent terminal at zero differential pressure (no-flow conditions) and under positive internal pressures. The valve allows air to enter the drainage system without the use of a v ent extended to outside air and prevents sewer gasses from leaking into the building.

Most AAVs are designed to hold tight against a positive backpressure of 15 psi.

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enable venting of fixtures where conventional venting may not be practical, or when undergoing a renovation. Allowing air into a DWV system also ensures that traps will not be partially or completely lost.

All plumbing systems are designed to prevent the entry of sewer gasses into a building, and all plumbing fixtures must be trapped and vented, and have a minimum trap seal of 38 mm. It is this trap seal that prevents harmful sewer gasses from escaping the drainage system.

When waste is discharged from a fixture or flushed down a toilet, the water discharge produces negative pressure in the plumbing system. The best way to neutralize or equalize this pressure fluctuation is to have the venting system discharge to open air.

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When this is impractical, perhaps due to major damage to the interior finish or structural damage, an AAV may be installed to allow air into the DWV system when the systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pressure drops below atmospheric pressure.

Combination Strainer/ Drain/Ball Valve

FASTFACT The material of the diaphragm can be damaged by exposure to acidic or corrosive fumes in the ambient atmosphere; therefore, air admittance valves should not be installed in locations where there is a potential for exposure to such fumes.

To keep the sewer gas from entering the building, the AAV must maintain a tight, positive seal against over pressure, or while the DWV system is not in use. Knowing that AAVs can only relieve negative pressure in

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continues on page 92

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PLUMBING

™

continued from page 91

the drainage system, codes limit AAVs to vent fixtures on the same storey, connected to the horizontal fixture dr ain.

The choice to cheat or not to cheat is yours (with the help of your local inspector). The preferred option is to always tie in any fixtures to a venting system that discharges to open air, but that is not always an ideal option. So if the local jurisdiction allows, go for it – just be sure to install them correctly.

WATCH

THE

FLOODS

Where an AAV is used, it must be installed above the flood level rim of the fixture(s) being served.

The purpose of this is to remove any possibility that the one moving part (the sealing disc) might come into contact with foreign material, which may keep the sealing from closing and opening completely.

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JOBSITE TIP It is advisable to contact the local jurisdiction having authority to help you determine whether or not an air admittance valve is an acceptable alternative to a venting system that ties in all vents to a vent terminal extending to open air.

0 8 . 1 2

S A Y S A E S A W O XFR IS N

2 1 0 1 8

S ES DE UD LLU C C N I N I W W O O N R N XFFR MX E EM T T S S Y Y ® ” S ®& S 2” 12 & & &1 ” 5 ” 5 0 1 0 1 1 1 , M ” , M E ” 8 E T 8 R T S OR YS SY S FFO RS G GS AR LLA IIN N U L U P L P P P O U O P U O P O R C UR O OU ALL C CA NIIC A AN H H C C TTM E MM E M Y EY RE GR M MJJ G ® ®

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GEOTHERMAL

B y Den ise Deveau

Exploring renewed frontiers

M

ost contractors will tell you that taking on a job midstream isn’t an ideal w ay to make a living. But the fact that a building was halfway through construction didn’t faze Walter Lehmann and his team at Frontier Refrigeration and Mechanical Services in Winnipeg.

Lehmann was called in at the last minute when a renovation project in a small rural town ran into some cost and design issues relating to its geothermal system.

The town of Pine Falls had lost a major employer, so as part of the restructuring effort an older school was being converted into an adult learning centre. The 30,000 sq. ft. building had been built in the 1950s with sever al additions added over time.

By the time Lehmann walked in, the general contractor had already installed and drilled the geothermal wells.

“The loops were drilled, the pipes were in the ground, but nothing was connected,” he explains. The plan was always to go with a geothermal system, he says, however, there were a number of issues that had come to light as construction had progressed.

“The building itself presented a number of challenges,” Lehmann says. “For one thing it was built on rock, with limited access in some of the cr awlspaces. Also, the school was broken into so many rooms, getting the pipes to all of the various rooms would pose a challenge when navigating through the numerous, thick concrete walls that existed throughout this building.”

The big problem with all those rooms w as that the initial engineering plan for the system was complex and coming in way over budget, he adds. “The original design called for 72 heat pumps and 72 HRVs. The engineering was also very complex in terms of wiring and supply point locations. We were asked to submit a design/build proposal that would get things back on track.”

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• C e n t r a l i z e d c on t r o l • Over co m in g b ar r ier s

Centralized control

Overcoming barriers Redesigning and building while other trades were madly racing ahead in the construction stages was yet another challenge for Lehmann and his team.

“They couldn’t stop construction as we figured out how to do the job,” he says.

A single mechanical room ser ves as the central power plant at the adult learning centre, Lehmann explains. “This configuration allowed us to send hot and cold water respectively to all areas to simultaneously heat and cool areas.”

Lehmann explains that a traditional twopipe system would have required direct ties to the geothermal loop to heat or cool. “That would have meant 72 compressors, 72 pumps and a lot of elaborate wiring and ducting. This way we needed far less equipment that could be managed through a single mechanical room, making it much easier for electricians to bring single source power to major loads.”

The fact that building was well along the construction path and had a hard stop for completion that w as only seven months away presented a major challenge. “We had to come up with a design on the fly that would fit into a tight timeline; get it approved; and get into the building before it had progressed so far we wouldn’t be able to cut in for ventilation or run pipes .”

In addition to the time constraints, there were also installation barriers to overcome. “We had three different crawl spaces to work with and barriers between them, so it was a challenge to get the piping from one part of the building to another.” Frontier ended up using three kilometres of four-inch Schedule 80 PVC piping to make the design work.

Equipment placement was another concern. “We had to ensure the classroom areas were quiet,” Lehmann says. “At the same time, we needed to place equipment where it would be accessible for maintenance.”

Not only is the new system less costly, quieter and more efficient, it is also delivering considerable savings over the long term. Lehmann reports that costs for running the building, taking into account all the lighting, computers and exhaust systems is around $3,600 a month. “The previous design wouldn’t have come close to that.”

He quickly realized that 72 heat pumps and 72 HRVs were much more than would actually be needed with just a few design changes. Instead he proposed a plan that would require only three HRVs and three large “water-to-water” heat pumps strategically located throughout the building.

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GEOTHERMAL continued from page 95

RE-VERBER-RAY REVERBER-RAY

Going for four Frontier designed a four-pipe system based on a hot and cold loop that continually circulates treated water throughout the building. If an area requires air conditioning, even in winter (e.g. computer rooms), the system can push heat from those areas into the heating loop and heat areas that require heat without the need to draw from the geothermal loop.

One unique aspect of the design is its ability to manage air temperatures without having to constantly draw on the geothermal system. “The HRVs we chose were not the traditional ones that utilize electric re-heat coils to bring the incoming air back to room temperatures. We also incorporated hot water coils that were supplied with hot water from the geothermal hot loop for this incoming and leaving air,” he explains. “We knew this would immediately eliminate resistance heat loads and save costs, as well as simplify wiring requirements.”

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H Highly ighly polished polished,, adjustable aluminum rreflectors eflectors provide provide optimal ffocus ocus o of infrared infrared hea heatt waves waves tto o tar target get ar areas. eas.

The fan coils were located within each room or adjacent crawls spaces where feasible.

These allow the system to circulate hot or cold water through the respective spaces to supply heating or cooling. In cases where crawl spaces are damp, fan coils utilizing both a cold and hot circuit can also perform a dehumidification function.

2 vs. 4 In a two-pipe system, the geothermal loop is connected directly to the geothermal heat pump. In a call for either heating or cooling, the heat pump compressor will run, as will a circulation pump, to either pick up heat or reject heat to the geothermal field.

In a four-pipe system, the heat pumps do not require a reversing valve. Both hot and cold treated water are produced at the very same time when the heat pump runs.

In this scenario the hot and cold energy is moved respectively to the required loads. The geothermal system is only needed to extract or reject heat when these loop temperatures drop.

A thermal flywheel and centralizing the major service in one mechanical room can deliver substantial energy benefits. The fan coils located throughout the building have only the fan, air filters and some relays that will require routine service.

4- Valve Configuration

BRANT RADIANT HEA HEATERS ATERS T LIMITED LIM 34 SScott cott AAve.,Paris ve.,Paris OOn.N3L n.N3L 3R1 1-800-387-4778 w www.brantradiant.com ww.brantradiant.com 96

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TOOL TIPS

Inspection time W

hile some prefer to go old-school and use their sense of hearing (or even a doctor’s stethoscope) to help diagnose mechanical issues with systems, a lot of technicians are turning to technology to get a better look at problems behind walls and sheet metal. The use of cordless digital inspection cameras is on the rise, and for good reason. They help take the guesswork out of troubleshooting.

When assessing a camera, start with the basics: power. While AA batteries offer convenience, rechargeable lithium batteries will offer longer run times.

A high resolution display is definitely handy for troubleshooting, and having a zoom function is a must when looking into furnaces and behind walls.

Remember that there is not going to be a lot of light where the camera head is going, so look for a camera that’s going to provide enough light that you can tell what you are looking at. Some cameras now offer multiple lighting levels.

Cable length and lens size are also things to consider. The longer the cable, the better, and some cameras offer several lens sizes, to match to the application.

Saving images for later When explaining that a pipe is leaking, or a heat exchanger is cracked, some customers will want to see proof, so having an on-board storage option for the video is a really nice feature. An SD card slot will mean that you can show the customer the problem without dragging them down into the basement or mechanical room.

Sponsored by Milwaukee Electric Tool – a proud partner with Mechanical Business. Look for video tips, tools and reviews at www.milwaukeetool.com.

Be sure to visit mechanicalbusiness.com for your chance to win valuable Milwaukee products and merchandise!

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PLUMBING

B y Nick Tallo s

KEEPING IT T

COOL DOWN THE

DRAIN TESTING FOR COMPLIANCE Machinery in commercial kitchens, hospitals, and laundries, like dishwashers, sterilizers, boilers, humidifiers, and so forth, should be tested by internal operations teams or plumbing consultants at least once a year. If the water temperature is close to, or over, the regulation, immediately research the options to cool it.

More importantly, all drains on new or replaced machines should be checked independently before installation, since that is the easiest and most cost-effective time to install a drain tempering valve that will meet regulations.

Knowing how to keep your drain discharge within code is necessary for effective and efficient operations. Once you are aware of the repercussions of not following the plumbing code, specifically as it relates to drain water temperature, it is very easy to ensure your client’s plant is compliant.

It is imperative not to make the mistake of overlooking any detail, no matter how small, as it can translate into hefty fines, delayed openings, and plant downtime. Through the utilization of a temperature control valve on commercial equipment, it is possible to ensure that the plumbing system is compliant and, most importantly, safe.

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oo often, drain tempering is overlooked as a minor issue by plumbing and safety professionals. Many times they have a lot of other things on their plates and it’ s a concern that falls by the wayside. However, many common machines and appliances found in industrial plants, commercial kitchens and laboratories expel water that exceeds the regulated limit. Humidifiers in HVAC systems, autoclaves, sterilizers and boilers are notorious for discharging water that is too hot. This can lead to a slew of problems for businesses. However, with the correct preventative measures, these problems are easily avoidable.

Under the Ontario Plumbing Code, for example, high temperature discharge water from any system, plumbing or otherwise, must have its temperature reduced to below 75°C, and must

be tempered to a temperature approved by the drain system manufacturer. For thermoplastic drainage systems, that could mean a reduction to 55°C or lower.

The International Plumbing Code 2006, Section 701, paragraph 701.7, reads, “Waste water where discharged into the building drainage system shall be at a temperature not greater than 140°F (60°C). Where higher temperatures exist, approved cooling methods shall be provided.”

To pass inspection, a drain-water-tempering kit can be installed in the equipment to ensure the water at or above the jurisdictional limit does not enter dr ains. In the past, it may have been possible to get by without strictly adhering to this aspect of the plumbing code , but it is becoming more consistently enforced – and with good reason.

Drain lines, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, can deteriorate and erode when the

BUSINESS RAMIFICATIONS Failing to meet drain tempering standards can lead to an unsuccessful inspection, delays in a new opening, or expensive fines or repairs. In fact, very recently, a wellknown coffee chain was set to open a new location south of the border, in Midtown Manhattan. Upon inspection it was determined that the temperature of the shop’s water waste from coffee and espresso machines was not in adherence to the plumbing code. As a result, the grand opening was delayed, costing the company significant earnings each day until the situation was rectified. Ignoring waste fluid temperatures can result in an increase in the overall cost of operation, as well as retrofit construction costs for commercial customers. Fortunately, there are simple and cost-effective options.

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• B u s i n e s s r a mificat io n s • Th e t ask o f t em p er in g temperature limit is exceeded. If a drain line erodes, this can cause flooding, which will not only cause extensive damage to industrial equipment, but it can also lead to lengthy downtime to allow for cleanup – a very pricey predicament.

Furthermore, there lies a potential personnel safety issue with hot w ater blowing into drain lines. Since most drain lines throughout the building are open to the common main drain, if dangerous hot fluid is discharged into the dr ain, it can possibly blow out to another drain. If someone was working near one of these drains, there is a potential threat of scalding.

Nick Tallos is the vice-president of engineering with Therm-Omega-Tech, a manufacturer of self-actuated valves for temperature control. He can be reached at ntallos@thermomegatech.com.

THE TASK OF TEMPERING Cooling drain water can be accomplished by several means. One common method is for an electrical or mechanical actuator to signal a valve to open an attached cold water line. When the hot effluent ceases, the actuator turns off the cold water valve. While solenoid valves are effective, mechanical actuators eliminate the need for an electric connection and can modulate the amount of cold water flow, conserving water.

Facility safety and plumbing professionals are increasingly turning to self-operating temperature control valves to temper drains with greater efficiency and control. New temperature control valves are now available at a reasonable cost to control the temperature of drain water below 140°F. Self-operating valves use a thermal actuator to sense when hot drain water is present. When the hot water heats the actuator, the valve opens so cold water can be added. As the temperature decreases, the valve starts to close. This modulating feature conserves water compared to a solenoid valve, which is only either open or closed.

While solenoids do not use a large amount of electricity, the elimination of an electric outlet by using self-operating drain tempering valves can result in additional cost savings and greater sustainability.

www.williamshvac.com

Geo Spring Hybrid Water Heater

Gordon R. Williams provides HVAC solutions that are designed to provide your clients with the best products on the market.

Contact us today!

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HVAC/R Products P With a capacity of up to 23.3 gallons, Luxaire’s Acclimate Model 8000 is designed to humidify a home of up to 5,000 square feet. The unit draws 11.5 amps whether installed with 240v, 208v or 120v, and produces more steam based on voltage. The humidifier can be mounted directly on the duct or up to 20 feet away from where steam enters the duct.

www. joinluxaire.com

The Nest learning thermostat features intelligent programming that learns a user’s schedule and temperature preferences and refines the data over time. The device, which works with most HVAC systems, provides energyuse feedback and makes suggestions for further energy savings. The unit can be controlled from anywhere via a Wi-Fi-enabled laptop, smartphone or tablet.

www. nest.com

Designed for corrosive environments or contaminated air stream applications, Continental Fan’s FHRV fibreglass hooded roof ventilator features an airfoil axial impeller. The fan housing is constructed of UV inhibited Hetron 99 P polyester resin, with a Class I flame spread of 25 or less. The unit is available in diameters ranging from 12" through 60", in either direct-drive or belt-drive configurations, with capacities ranging to 60,000 cfm.

www. continentalfan.com

Available in two- to five-ton models, York’s Affinity line of dual-fuel packaged heat pumps is designed to achieve efficiencies of up to 14 SEER and 8.0 HPSF. The unit comes equipped with a two-stop compressor that handles the two-stage cooling and heat pump operations, and it can be combined with a two-stage gas heating module for heating applications.

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Available in 60,000 to 120,000 BTUH models, Napoleon’s Ultimate 9700 Series gas furnace has an efficiency rating of 97.1 per cent. The unit’s SureView window allows a view of the flames in operation, and its ECM variable-speed motor uses soft start-up. The furnace is also equipped with an ultraviolet purifier.

www. napoleonheatingandcooling.com

HVAC/R Products P

Venstar’s Skyport Wi-Fi key connects the company’s ColorTouch residential thermostat to the cloud, allowing users to control their home's heating and cooling system through their mobile device. The key and corresponding mobile app are compatible with iOS, Android and Blackberry devices, as well as Mac and PC systems.

www. venstar.com

Carrier’s Infinity Series heat pump with Greenspeed intelligence features variable-speed operation, a durable coating and noise levels as low as 58 dBA. Its heating capacity ranges from 22,600 to 60,000 BTUH with an efficiency of up to 13 HSPF, and its cooling capacity ranges from two to five tons with an efficiency of up to 20 SEER.

www. carrier.com

In 1930 Albert Einstein and one of his students invented an absorption refrigerator that had no moving parts and required only a heat source to operate.

Rapid Engineering’s Rapid Energy Recovery Modules are designed to capture heat from the air handler’s exhaust air and transfer it to incoming air at an efficiency of approximately 60 per cent. The module’s plate-style design features no moving parts, and standard available air flows range from 2,000 CFM to 60,000 CFM.

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PLUMBING The 3500 Series from Chicago Faucets feature a 0.5 gpm (1.9 litres per minute) outlet and self-closing metering cartridge with automatic shut off. The faucets have chrome-plated brass bodies and preinstalled stainless-steel hoses that connect to standard water supplies.

www. chicagofaucets.com

The Atlantis shower from Artika measures 60" by 32" with a height of 81.8", and can be used to replace a bathtub of matching dimensions. The fixture combines tempered glass and rust-proof stainless steel with an acrylic shower base and reversible drain, which can be located to the left or right to align with existing plumbing.

www. artikaworld.com

Sustainable Operations Products

ZURN INDUSTRIES LIMITED 3544 NASHUA DRIVE MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4V 1L2 PHONE: 905/405-8272 FAX: 905/405-1292

Committed to you. Committed to the environment.

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PLUMBING USG-B Under Sink Guardian thermostatic mixing valves from Watts are designed to minimize the risk of accidental scalding. The valves feature bronze body construction, 3/8 inch male compression connections, tamper-resistant locking nuts, strainers with 40 mesh stainless-steel screens, and dual-check valves to protect against cross flow. The flow rates range between 0.5 and 2.25 gpm.

www. wattscanada.ca

Designed for data centre and control room applications, Victaulicâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Vortex fire suppression system uses an active release system to discharge a homogeneous mixture of water droplets and nitrogen gas to minimize the presence of water and overcome the drag effect of traditional water mist systems. The system uses as little as 0.26 gpm of water per emitter.

Designed to allow fittings for vent, drain and water lines to be cleaned out and reused, Reedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Plastic Pipe Fitting Reamers work with PVC, CPVC and ABS. The reamers are available in six sizes and fit into standard 1/2" drills.

They feature a four-sided carbide insert.

www. reedmfgco.com

www. victaulic.com

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Fan coil unit Dunham-Bush’s Chilled Water Cassette fan coil unit features a two-pipe copper-tube/aluminum-fin coil. It’s equipped with a direct-driven fan with a single-phase, three-speed, permanent split capacitor motor, and has an insulated, heavy-gauge steel drain pan designed to prevent sweating and corrosion.

www. dunham-bush.com

PEX pipe-fitting system Designed for potable water and radiant applications in residential and light commercial projects, Viega’s plastic PEX Press system joins PEX tubing using plastic fittings. The system’s Smart Connect feature allows installers to spot unpressed connections during pressure testing. Fittings are available in 3/8" to 2" sizes.

Pre-assembled hydronic system Uponor’s Radiant Ready 30 E is a complete radiant mechanical room preassembled within a compact panel. The package includes a 30,000 BTUH electric boiler, heating manifold, pump, expansion tank, pressure-relief valve, isolation valves, thermostat and air vent, all of which are pre-wired. The unit is designed to cover up to 2,000 square feet of radiant floor heating or 4,000 square feet of radiant floor warming.

www. viega.com

www. uponor.ca

Gas-fired condensing boiler Viessmann’s Vitocrossal 200 CM2 gas-fired condensing boiler features inputs up to 1,112,000 BTUH and efficiencies up to 94.6%. The unit offers a 5:1 turndown ratio, and up to four boilers can operate in a cascade configuration for up to 4,448,000 BTUH.

www. viessmann.ca

Suspended hydronic heater Reznor’s Model WS suspended hydronic heater has a performance range of 13,000 to 350,000 BTUH and an air volume range from 270 to 4,750 cfm. Depending on the unit, the heat exchanger is made of one or two rows of coils using steel tubing designed for hot water applications up to 150 psi. Optional copper tubing is available for steam-heating applications.

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Die grinder line Bosch’s line of die grinders includes the 5.8 amp DG250C, 5.8 amp DG355LCE with added variablespeed setting and extended spindle design, and 6.5 amp DG490CE with a high-torque gear box. The electronics on each model feature soft start, restart protection and constant speed under load. RPMs range from 2,500 to 30,000 for the line.

www. bosch.com

Hand-held band saw Milwaukee’s Deep Cut Band Saw has a 10.5-amp motor that generates speeds of 420 surface feet per minute. The saw also features blade guide bearings, material guide and blade guards.

www. milwaukeetool.com

Hand-held thermal imager Folding pipe stand Ridgid’s VF-99 folding pipe stand weighs 24 pounds and features folding rectangular profile legs and an ergonomic V-handle. The stand adjusts from 28" to 58" high, and offers a high-capacity option for joining applications requiring pipes up to 2,500 pounds and 12" in diameter.

www. ridgid.com

The Fluke TiR125 thermal imager has an infrared resolution of 160 x 120 FPA with a temperature recording range of -4°F to 302°F (-20°C to 150°C). The tool offers both manual and automatic focus options, and it can align photos and infrared images.

It also allows for multi-mode video recording and streaming video output.

www. fluke.com

Box beam level Irwin Tools’ Box Beam levels feature a rugged frame, dual sized viewing for awkward angles, continuous edges for scribing, and removable endcaps for levelling into corners. The levels are available with optional rare-Earth magnets for hands-free use. Sizes range from 24" to 96" in length.

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102 Formerly Wolverine Tube (Canada) Inc.

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HRAI AGM August 23-25, 2012 Halifax, N.S. www.hrai.ca COHA Ontario Education Day September 20-21, 2012 Collingwood, Ont. www.coha-ontario.ca CIPHEX West November 7-8, 2012 Vancouver, B.C. www.ciphexwest.ca International HVAC Cold Climate Conference November 12-14, 2012 Calgary, Alta. www.ashrae.org/coldclimate MCAC National Conference November 12-15, 2012 Maui, HI www.mcac.ca Construct Canada November 28-30, 2012 Toronto, Ont. www.constructcanada.com NAHB International Builders’ Show January 22-24, 2013 Las Vegas, NV www.buildersshow.com

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W

RLDVIEW

Maintenance for disease prevention A

s all in the plumbing and water fraternity know, our water supplies must be kept clean for the gener al health of the population. Lack of understanding of the plumbing systems and their relationship to clean water can have disastrous effect.

Studies, like one recently undertaken by researchers at P enn State's College of Agricultural Sciences, are vitally important in highlighting the damage that can be done by inefficient or inadequate plumbing systems.

Another study also found that contaminated drainlines can cause disease-based problems. A recent study in Hyderabad, India, found that water used in a particular drainline was untreated and being used to irrigate vegetables. Any disease spread as a result, I’m sure you will agree, was entirely preventable.

Much of the spread of human infection is preventable. The onus is on those in charge of plumbing systems to understand how systems work, and what plumbers can do to properly maintain the systems.

Unfortunately, some plumbers do not understand that their role is far greater than pipe connection and domestic w ater supply. The two studies mentioned above illustrate the importance of plumbing to global health.

In the Penn State study, of the 471 drains sampled – mostly from bathroom sinks – in 131 buildings in the United States using a swabbing method, researchers found that 66 per cent of sinks and 80 per cent of buildings surveyed yielded at least one Fusarium culture.

A total of 297 samples of Fusarium were collected and sub108

in Australia

jected to testing to identify the phylogenetic species and sequence types (STs). The survey revealed that the six most common STs in sinks were identical to the six most frequently associated with human infections.

BY DEFINITION

Examining the prevalence of the fungus Fusarium in bathroom sink drains, the researchers found that about 70 per cent of Fusarium samples taken from drains belong to one of the six genetic types most often associated with human infections.

Jeff Patchell

Fusarium is a large genus of fungi widely distributed in soil and in association with plants. Most species are harmless and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community.

Some species produce mycotoxins that can affect human and animal health if they enter the food chain.

Lead researcher Dylan Short said, “In the recent outbreaks of fungal keratitis in Southeast Asia and North America connected to contact-lens use, plumbing systems were the main environmental sources of the most frequent Fusarium species and sequence types associated with eye infections.”

There is important research going on all over the world with regards to plumbing systems. It is important to keep abreast of all research and data so that we can better understand our systems, work hard to improve them, and prevent disease from occurring.

The good side of fungi Another researcher who worked on the project was David Geiser, a professor of plant pathology. He pointed out that serious infections were not commonly found in the buildings studied, and that these fungi can actually play a positive role, at times, in plumbing systems.

He told Infection Control Magazine that the study provides the strongest evidence to-date supporting an epidemiological link between human fusarioses and plumbing systems.

“The species involved offer significant potential for studying host-microbe interactions, novel metabolic activities – including the production of mycotoxins and antibiotics – and the roles of microbes in indoor environments.”

Jeff Patchell is managing director of Connection Magazines Pty Ltd. He operates www.worldplumbinginfo.com, an online plumbing industry knowledge bank.

Renew Today: Online. Mail. Gerty.

It’s your choice.

www.mechanicalbusiness.com Gerty, the Goddess of the nasal whistle, is our telemarketer. Technically speaking, her job is to talk to you to update your free yearly subscription (our auditors require an update from you every 12 months). Realistically, however,

Gerty just likes to talk. And talk. And talk.

Oh, she eventually gets around to renewing your free subscription, but it sometimes just takes a while. You see, she has so much to share – her latest needlepoint project, Mrs. Muffles’s adventures at the vets, her television ‘stories’ – and so much more. While she’d love to talk to you, we understand that you just might not have as much time. That’s why we include a handy tear-out subscription renewal card in every issue and provide an easy-to-use online form at www.mechanicalbusiness.com.

Gerty’s Got Her Eye On You! (Well, at least her good eye.)

Compiled by Mechanical Business

BEATING HUMIDITY

30% Percentage of Canadian households that improve their air quality with dehumidifiers. 46 per cent of homes in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick use dehumidifiers, while only nine per cent of British Columbians rely on them.

DISPATCHING EFFICIENCY

COOL CENTRAL

2 OUT OF 3

23% Increase in the total number of service

Number of air-conditioned homes in Canada that have central A/C installed. 81 per cent of air conditioned Ontario homes use central A/C, while only 25 per cent of air conditioned homes in Atlantic Canada do.

calls completed per day per technician when GPS vehicle tracking is used.

13.2% Average reduction in fuel costs for small-to-medium-sized businesses that use fleet GPS tracking.

ALL IN THE FAMILY

80%

Percentage of Canadian family businesses that have no plans in place to prepare future generations to continue their legacy.

TIME FOR CHANGE 84% Number of consumers who want to

change something about their curr ent bathroom. Fewer than 44 per cent say theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;r e satisfied with their current space.

SHOPPER SUFFRAGE

For more on succession, see Ask Roger on page 30.

9 OUT OF 10

Number of home product purchases decided by women in the household. Women also account for more than 80 per cent of all consumer pur chases.

Sources: Air Canada Centre, RBC, Canadian Tire, CMHC, Statistics Canada, Industry Canada PM# 41536047 Postmaster: Please send all address changes or undeliverable copies to: Mechanical Business, 19 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1525 Cornwall Road, Oakville, ON L6J 0B2

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@V\Y QVI Q\Z[ NV[ LHZPLY OS&B™ is proud to announce we are now the exclusive distributor of PRIER® freezeless hydrant products in Canada.

PRIER® began producing products for the North American market in 1881. With 131 years of experience, PRIER® products are unparalleled for their quality and ease of installation.

PRIER® produces freezeless quarter and half turn residential and commercial wall hydrants, commercial roof hydrants, bury hydrants and sill faucets. Available exclusively from OS&B™.

5VY[O (TLYPJHU 4HKL J <7* *LY[PÄLK 5V *HSSIHJRZ 5V^ H]HPSHISL [OYV\NO `V\Y MH]V\YP[L >OVSLZHSLY For more information contact your OS&BTM Representative or log onto www.osb.ca.

Refreshing.

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