Brewers Journal Canada - Fall 2022

THE

MAGAZINE

FOR

THE

CANADIAN

BREWING

INDUSTRY

BREWERS J O U R N A L

C A N A D A

FALL 2022 | ISSUE 26 ISSN 2398-6948

PHILLIPS BREWING & MALTING CO. Two Decades Strong in BC 10 | WORKPLACE SAFETY: PROTECTING RESOURCES

36 | MEXICO: CRAFT IS THRIVING

44 | BOXING ROCK BREWERY: FIGHTING FIT

MAJOR MILESTONES

LEADER

S

brewersjournal.ca

tarting your own business is a huge achievement. There are countless risks, challenges and hurdles to overcome before you even make it to ‘Day One’. So to go on to hit the year mark, then the anniversaries to follow is a genuine feat and one that should be commended and applauded.

And the two breweries we place in the spotlight in this issue’s profiles know that feeling all too well, even if they’re too modest to admit it.

When Matt Phillips went it alone in beer, he was a 27 year old brewer, living in a windowless apartment and a mountain of credit card debt. But fast-forward to 2022 he, and his near 100-strong team kicked off the year by toasting 20 years of beers.

In celebrating that fantastic anniversary the business has gone on to produce some 90,000HL of beer per annum and is proud to be one of the only craft brewers in Canada to malt its own barley. Not only that it has its own distilling arm too, in the form of Phillips Fermentorium.

Phillips Brewing and Malting Co of British Columbia has much to be proud of during those first two decades. “Could I envisage doing what we’re doing back when I started out? God no. I was focused on flavour and making the best beer I could. If that meant I’d be around two or three years down the road then that was a success,” he recalls.

“So it’s great to still be doing what I love but it is certainly not by design.”

If you leave Phillips Brewing, take a left head down into the USA then east some 6000km you’ll eventually reach Nova Scotia, home to Boxing Rock Brewing Compa-

ny. The Shelburne-based business is the answer to the question of what happens when two chemical engineers with a passion for craft beer join forces.

The brewery was the 2022 recipient of the prestigious Taste of Nova Scotia accolade for best producer. Since 2013, the brewery founded by Henry Pedro and Emily Cowin, been making a name by keeping the great and the good satiated with excellent beer, all while challenging perceptions along the way.

And starting out in 2013 means next year marks their important tenth year in the business of brewing. “I’m sure the team are planning lots of ways to celebrate our anniversary next year, and I’m glad because I don’t really deal with that stuff,” says co-founder Henry Pedro. “For me, I’m more proud that we have a team of 24 working at Boxing Rock. I spend my time waking up thinking about the 23 other people I need to pay. It’s a responsibility but it’s also a blessing. I know that.”

One of the great privileges of working on this publication is being able to speak to, and tell the story of, breweries such as these. Hearing about their countless achievements is always a thrill and we look forward more such stories in the issues to come.

We hope you enjoy the issue, and best of luck to all of those attending and competing in this year’s Brewers Choice Awards, the winners of which will be crowned at The 2022 Canadian Brewers Choice Awards & The Presentation Dinner. This takes place on Thursday, December 8, 2022, at Old Flame Brewing Co. in the Distillery Historic District of Toronto. We hope to see you there.

Tim Sheahan Editor

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CONTENTS

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Comment | Workplace Safety Alexandra Skinner from WorkSafeBC explains how a commitment to health & safety is one of the best ways for employers to protect their greatest resource – their people.

Focus | Market Trends

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PART 1. In addition to now-familiar concerns like Covid, Health & Climate Change, Geopolitical Conflicts, and rising inflation have added to the heightened sense of unpredictability. FlavorSum looks at what predictions are in store for 2023.

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Science | Yeast Storage Escarpment Laboratories shares some research the team did on yeast storage time between batches of beer.

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Meet the Brewer | Phillips Brewing & Malting Co. Founder Matt Phillips reflects on how Phillips Brewing & Malting Co. has grown and evolved in the last 20 years, and why there is so much more to come too.

Science | The Future of Yeast

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Following the launch of LalBrew NovaLager, it’s modern hybrid lager yeast, Lallemand brewing explain how modern yeast breeding methods will surely continue to provide novel, non-GMO yeast strains with commercially important characteristics.

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Science | Lager Strain Selection Robert Percival, the regional sales manager for Europe at Lallemand Brewing, explains how knowing what lager strain is most suited to the beer you are brewing is all-important.

Focus | Brewery Process Mapping

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In challenging and volatile times, companies that truly understand their processes, workflows, and data tends to be most resilient. First Key Consulting guide you through plotting your brewery’s success with Process Mapping.

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Focus | Market Trends PART 2. FlavorSum continues to look at what predictions are in store for 2023, with a deep dive in flavours.

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Technology | Tubing Is this the beginning of the end for PVC and Brass? Dan Broaddus, a Technical Advisor at Canadian Beverage Supply, explains all.

17 Comment | Craft Beer in Mexico Craft beer is thriving in Mexico. Here Marcos Gottfried of Cerveza México, explains how small brewers are driving industry growth.

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BREWERS JOURNAL CANADA

26 Focus | Crossing Continents: Brewing in Bruges Part 2. Paul Davies, a Beer Sommelier and international beer judge, continues his journey of stunning Belgium breweries and blenderies, this time through his experience of the Bruges Beer Festival, which returned earlier this year.

CONTACTS Tim Sheahan Editor tim@brewersjournal.ca +44 (0)1442 780 592 Jakub Mulik Staff photographer Johnny Leung Canada Partnerships johnny@brewersjournal.ca Sheena Strauss Homebrew Journal knwl.on.tap@gmail.com Richard Piotrowski Publisher Richard@brewersjournal.ca Magdalena Lesiuk Graphic Design GraphMad@gmail.com

38 Les Brasseurs Du Petit-Sault | Local Flavours and Historic Tales Sabrina Pirillo takes us on a journey to Edmundston, New Brunswick, where Les Brasseurs du PetitSault blends together regional brews with the Art of Storytelling.

50 Boxing Rock Brewery | Fighting Fit

What happens when two chemical engineers with a passion for craft beer join forces? You get Boxing Rock Brewing Company of Nova Scotia, brewersjournal.ca

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RALLY BEER COMPANY ACQUIRED

BY MUSKOKA BREWERY

NEWS

MUSKOKA BREWERY ANNOUNCES THEY ARE ACQUIRING RALLY BEER COMPANY TO DRIVE GROWTH IN THEIR INDUSTRY’S MOST BUDDING AND DYNAMIC BEER SEGMENTS. AT THE FOREFRONT OF MARKET TRENDS IS CONSUMER WELLNESS, SOMETHING BOTH COMPANIES HAVE TAPPED INTO WITH THEIR PORTFOLIO OF PRODUCTS. THE NEW PARTNERSHIP BRINGS TOGETHER COMPLEMENTARY BRANDS BOTH ROOTED IN AN OUTDOORS INSPIRED LIFESTYLE. FOUNDER OF RALLY BEER, ALAN WOOD, WILL JOIN MUSKOKA BREWERY’S TEAM AND CONTINUE TO GROW RALLY BY LEVERAGING MUSKOKA’S STRENGTH IN OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCIES, WIDESPREAD DISTRIBUTION, AND EXPERTISE BRINGING BRANDS TO MARKET WITH BEST-IN-CLASS EXECUTION.

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Rally has pioneered the concept of functional beer in Canada, and we are so excited to be a part of what they have built,” says Todd Lewin, President of Muskoka Brewery.

“We are looking forward to bringing together two brands that have championed outdoors inspired beverages and make beer more approachable for all.”

Functional beer is born from the shift of consumer trends towards balance and making healthier choices while still consuming the products they love. Rally Beer offers a lineup of functional beers brewed to be rich in electrolytes for an adventure-based lifestyle, offering a perfect parallel to Muskoka Brewery’s mantra of venturing off the beaten path and drinking in the moment.

“This is certainly an exciting time for myself and Rally Beer. My mission was always to inspire as many people as possible to get outside, be active and grow the community through our brand,” says Alan Wood, Founder of Rally Beer Company. “Joining Muskoka Brewery will be a catalyst to grow that community even further and encourage more

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people to connect in the great outdoors and toast all of life’s epic adventures.”

As a trailblazer of the Ontario craft beer industry, Muskoka Brewery has been an innovator with a wide portfolio of unique and premium craft beers, while continuing to evolve with shifting markets, and staying relevant with the changing tastes of consumers.

To ensure there is a beverage for everyone that comes to the table thirsty, Muskoka Brewery has continued to stay on top of trends in the industry by releasing new products such as their lineup of beyond beer beverages including Wandr Alcohol-Free Sparkling Tea Infusions, Muskoka Spirits Hard Sparkling Waters, and Squeeze the Day Juicy Hard Seltzers. The new partnership with Rally Beer continues to help diversify their consumer base and capture more occasions.

“There has been a gap in the marketplace for a beer that appeals to an active lifestyle and an authentic brand that supports the active communities. That’s what we’ve sought to create with Rally,” says Wood. “By joining forces with Muskoka Brewery, Rally is looking forward to deepening our connection with consumers who want better-foryou options to kudos the occasion!”

At the core of both company’s values are being welcoming and encouraging everyone to reach for a beverage that fits their lifestyle. Muskoka Brewery has strived to craft iconic experiences for Canadians, one glass at a time, and Rally Beer holds the same values. From the ultra-athlete to the weekend warrior to the first-timer, Rally is designed to be enjoyed by all. Both companies are committed to playing an active role in fostering inclusive, accessible, and diverse communities that are centred around a balanced approach to toasting the occasion.

“After all, beer is rooted in community and connecting with one another,” adds Lewin.

“It’s a challenging time for all industries with inflation and changing consumer demand, but Muskoka Brewery is built to invest in growth and be proactive to the changes of the industry.

We are staying ahead by going now where the consumers are going to be in the future,” says Lewin.

Alan Wood, Todd Lewin and Bob Macdonald cheers to a new partnership. (CNW Group/Muskoka Brewery)

BREWERS JOURNAL CANADA

WORKPLACE SAFETY

COMMENT

PROTECTING WORKERS FROM CONFINED SPACES AND CARBON DIOXIDE

BREWERIES AND DISTILLERIES CAN BE HAZARDOUS PLACES TO WORK. A COMMITMENT TO HEALTH AND SAFETY IS ONE OF THE BEST WAYS FOR EMPLOYERS TO PROTECT THEIR GREATEST RESOURCE — THEIR PEOPLE, EXPLAINS ALEXANDRA SKINNER FROM WORKSAFEBC.

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wo of the most critical risks that employers must manage are those associated with confined spaces and carbon dioxide (CO2)—often in tandem, as confined spaces may contain CO2.

Employers must also ensure workers are aware of these risks—and include workers in creating and implementing risk management programs.

CONFINED SPACES IN CRAFT BREWING CAN BE DEADLY There have been reported incidents of worker injuries entering confined spaces at craft breweries in B.C., and fatalities in other countries.

Confined spaces in breweries include grain bins and silos, process tanks, and brewing equipment like mash and lauter tuns, and grain-dust collectors.

“During inspections, cleaning, or troubleshooting inside a tank, the space a worker is entering becomes their breathing zone, making it dangerous when there is not enough oxygen or there is a toxic chemical inside.” says Jose Barranco, Manager Risk Analysis Unit, WorkSafeBC. Barranco notes that entering a confined space can also lead to other injuries from falls, temperature extremes, and engulfment.

“We want workers to avoid breaking the “plane of entry”,” says Barranco, “Which basically means, avoid any part of the body entering confined spaces.”

Barranco says using mirrors or cameras on extension poles to inspect the inside of these spaces is one way to avoid entry, as is using cleaning-in-place systems to minimize entry for cleaning.

However, he notes that it’s not always possible to avoid entering a confined space.

BREWERS JOURNAL CANADA

“Eliminating the risk is best,” he says, “But if that’s not possible, employers are responsible for ensuring safe work procedures around confined spaces are documented, communicated to workers, and followed to the letter.”

“Carbon Dioxide is colorless and odourless, so you won’t be able to detect a leak,” Barranco says. “It’s also heavier than air, so if you have a filtration system on an upper floor and there’s a CO2 leak, it will drift down to a lower floor.”

The Occupational Health and Safety Regulation (OHSR) requires that before a worker enters a confined space the employer must implement a written confined space entry program. In addition, workers entering a confined space must be trained to do so, including being trained in rescue procedures.

At higher levels of exposure, CO2 can become toxic or suffocate employees by displacing the oxygen they are breathing.

THE AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE INSIDE A TANK CAN OVERCOME AN AVERAGE ADULT IN SECONDS Workers involved in the beer production processes may be at risk of exposure to hazardous levels of CO2. In addition, the beer fermentation process produces carbon dioxide gas, which may leak out of hoppers or tanks and into the working environment.

“Most CO2 leaks and exposure occur in the fermentation and in the bottling area, which is likely where the majority of employees work,” Barranco says.

An assessment must be done to identify areas where there is a risk of hazardous CO2 exposure. This assessment will help identify appropriate controls to reduce these risks, which could include the following: • • •

brewersjournal.ca

Managing risk in the workplace involves thinking about what might harm workers and then determining whether reasonable steps are being taken to prevent that harm from occurring.

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Understand the risks: To protect workers, begin by identifying workplace hazards. A hazard is anything that may cause harm, such as chemicals, electricity, or equipment.

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Assess the risks: What risks do the identified hazards pose to workers?

The risk is the chance that somebody could be harmed by these hazards, as well as the potential severity of harm. Make sure the appropriate attention and level of control are dedicated to each one.

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Implement measures: The greatest risk should be addressed first.

If it cannot be eliminated, control measures must be implemented to minimize it.

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Communicate: Make sure everyone is aware of the risk management program. Provide managers, supervisors, and workers with orientation and training on how to identify hazards and what to do to control the risks. Document and share safe work procedures and policies with workers.

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Monitor and update: Monitor the effectiveness of the control measures in place and make improvements and adjustments as needed.

This includes conducting regular safety inspections to identify new or changing hazards.

LEARN MORE WorkSafeBC has several resources to help employers keep their breweries safe, including: •

Workers can be exposed to CO2 when purging, cleaning, or inspecting fermentation and bright tanks; when working around leaking valves, fittings, or cylinders; and while working around packing lines, dispensing areas, walk-in coolers, and keg filling and cleaning areas.

Increased ventilation to keep CO2 at a safe level Monitoring by CO2 sensors, that will alert if levels become dangerous Focused inspections of equipment or systems where a failure could result in a harmful environment

MANAGING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS

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Health and Safety for Craft Breweries and Distilleries guide Checklists to creating and implementing health and safety programs Poster for the workplace about the risks of confined spaces and CO2.

For more information, visit: worksafebc.com/craftbrewing

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MARKET TRENDS

FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET TRENDS FOR 2023, PART 1

FOCUS

INSTEAD OF ADJUSTING TO A “NEW NORMAL” LIKE MANY OF US HOPED, 2022 WAS A YEAR FILLED WITH A COMPLEX SET OF WORRIES. IN ADDITION TO NOW-FAMILIAR CONCERNS LIKE COVID, HEALTH, AND CLIMATE CHANGE, GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS AND RISING INFLATION HAVE ADDED TO THE HEIGHTENED SENSE OF UNPREDICTABILITY, SAYS FLAVORSUM. AND TREND HUNTER PREDICTS 2023 WILL BE A PERIOD OF “INCREMENTAL CHAOS” AS PEOPLE MAKE UP FOR TIME LOST DURING THE PANDEMIC AND COMPETITORS REVEAL NEW PRODUCTS. DURING CONTINUED UNCERTAINTY, BRANDS HAVE OPPORTUNITIES TO OFFER FOOD AND BEVERAGE CHOICES THAT HELP PEOPLE FIND THEIR FOOTING, SUPPORT MENTAL HEALTH, AND REACH LIFESTYLE AND SUSTAINABILITY GOALS.

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ore of us are experiencing anxiety (the body’s response to stress) in our daily lives. This “anxiety culture” is more than fear associated with developing issues according to Michael Schapira, Ph.D., adjunct professor of philosophy at Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia. Schapira notes that anxiety culture “has become characteristic of our dealing with the increasing problems and undefined solutions of a rapidly changing world.”

How can food play a role in alleviating anxiety? Global consumers are turning to food and beverage choices to improve their mental and emotional well-being. We can expect to see a continued focus on stress relief and

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mood-boosting ingredients across nearly all food and beverage categories. Other health-related benefits like brain health, gut health, and immune support will also be important.

Stand Out Statistics: •

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In the US, almost half of consumers (49%) experienced stress in the 12 months, while nearly two-fifths (38%) dealt with anxiety (Mintel).

Nutritional benefits are a top five driver for consumers when it comes to food (Innova).

Brain health is outpacing overall active claims in food and beverage, growing at 12% CAGR ending in Q1 2022 vs 4% for other active health claims (Innova).

MOOD-BOOSTING BOTANICALS With 36% of consumers believing functional food and beverages can improve or enhance mood (Innova), interest in mood-boosting botanicals like mushrooms and hemp is rising. Ashwagandha is currently the most frequent botanical in mood-boosting positionings, lion’s mane is the top functional mushroom, and saffron remains the fastest growing herb or spice (Innova).

Other botanicals to watch: •

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Bacopa for memory and anxiety support (+95.6% CAGR over the last five years) Maca for anxiety, stress, and depression support (+74.6%) Lemon balm for sleep, anxiety, and appetite support (+73.4%)

FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGES According to Precedence Research, the $129.3 billion global functional beverages market could grow at an 8.94% CAGR from 2022 to 2030. And interest is rising. According to a FlavorSum proprietary study, 56% of US adults are looking for purposeful beverages.

We expect to see more fermented drink options like kombucha and kefir on store shelves. Brand Essence research predicts kombucha sales will deliver a 15% CAGR, surpassing $2 billion in North America by 2027. Technavio estimates North American kefir sales will reach almost $900 million by 2026 on a growth rate of almost 8% compounded annually.

People are learning more about the gutbrain axis, and we anticipate brands will provide education supporting health claims like gut health, immune support, and improved vitamin and mineral absorption.

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INTERSECTION OF FOOD AND TECHNOLOGY Technology is becoming a more influential part of cooking and shopping. We search for new recipes on Tik Tok and Pinterest. Then, we talk to smart devices in our kitchens that can start the grocery list and have appliances that connect with recipe apps to automatically adjust cooking temperatures.

food and beverage choices. Whether selecting a plant-based option or looking for upcycled ingredients, shoppers will continue looking for foods and beverages that align with their sustainability and environmental goals.

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Americans are cooking 51% more often compared to pre-pandemic levels. They’re also baking 34% more (Hunter).

Individuals are 5 times more likely to use a recipe they found on social media versus recipes they saw on TV (Social Chain).

The worldwide smart kitchen appliances industry is worth an estimated $13.18 billion (Grand View Research).

SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE Platforms like Tik Tok and Pinterest have helped many people feel more confident trying new recipes at home. Popular dishes or globally-inspired flavors with millions of views have a real-world impact. In early 2021, a popular Tik Tok pasta recipe caused feta cheese shortages in U.S. grocery stores.

The relationship between the digital and “real” food worlds will continue to deepen, and brands that are part of the conversation will create stronger connections.

ONLINE SHOPPING While online grocery shopping picked up during the pandemic, the relationship between in-store and online is complex. Over the last twelve months, the proportion of Americans who say they have purchased groceries online declined. But slightly more people say they now do “most” or “almost all” of their grocery shopping online (Food Navigator). With inflation rising and grocery budgets not stretching as far, we may see increases in pre-shop planning and online shopping to cut down on unplanned or impulsive purchases. For brands, the shift away from impulse means getting innovation news out digitally (and on the right channels) vs in-store.

GLOBAL CONSCIOUSNESS Awareness of global issues is expanding, and more people are making conscious

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Stand Out Statistics: •

Stand Out Statistics: •

Stand Out Statistics: •

no alcohol beverages and inclusions like CBD can fill this desire for customization.

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70% of U.S. teens say that their sustainable actions can make a difference, while 56% worry about climate change (Mintel).

56% of adults in Canada consider food waste when purchasing food and drink in stores (Mintel).

About 90% of plant-based food consumers aren’t vegetarian or vegan (NPD Group).

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58% of global consumers are drinking more non-alcoholic and low-ABV cocktails than a year ago (2022 Bacardi Cocktail Trends Report).

No- and low-alcohol volume will grow by 8% CAGR between 2021 and 2025, compared to regular alcohol volume growth of 0.7% CAGR during that same period (IWSR Drinks Market Analysis).

The CBD category is forecasted to reach $23.6 billion by 2025 (Grand View Research).

LOW/NO ALCOHOL INFLATION AWARENESS Unfortunately, inflation is expected to stay above the Federal Reserve’s goal of 2% in 2023. As rising prices take their toll on household finances, shoppers will look for ways to economize their grocery budgets.

According to Mintel, saving strategies will include finding value through bundling and deals (52%), reduced dining-out (39%), choosing store brands (36%), store switching (31%), and brand changes (17%).

PLANT-BASED OPTIONS Even though some people will be willing to forgo purchases, others are still willing to pay a premium for sustainable options.

Most shoppers buying plant-based options make the choice for health and environmental reasons. Some health benefits associated with plant-based foods include reducing inflammation and reducing the risk of cancer and diabetes. Parents who wish to pass their sustainability convictions to the next generation will look for kid-friendly plant-based options like nondairy pudding pouches and cheese sticks.

NEW FORMATS Forbes recently reported that 79% of Americans prefer personalized service that helps them feel seen, heard, and valued. Brands are responding with tactics like social media feeds based on hobbies and interests, meal delivery kits with weekly options, and personal styling services. People are also tailoring food and drink choices to fit their habits and goals, seeking a custom eating experience in and out of home. New formats like low or

The idea of “mindful consumption” takes inspiration from popular mental health and wellness practices. Innova reports that one-third of consumers aged 18-25 are now saying that they never consume alcohol. We expect the moderation trend will continue as people prioritize mental health and clarity and as the quality of low or no-alcohol choices improves.

CBD DRINKS Some people are exploring how CBD can help in their daily lives by reducing stress and pain or promoting sleep. Beverages fit well with the CBD category because of their versatility and portability. The U.S. CBD drinks market is expected to grow by 65% in 2023 and reach a value of around $657 million as more brands enter the market and states approve the ingredient (BevNet). Canada’s current regulatory environment limits purchase of cannabis-infused beverages to five cans per purchase, but brands are anticipating an easing of the limit in 2023. As more products become available, continued education and transparency will be important for building trust and brand loyalty.

WILL YOUR NEXT FOOD & BEVERAGE INNOVATION BE ON TREND? What’s your next opportunity for innovation? Whether you’re looking for marketing insights or help with formulation, FlavorSum is here with the expertise to help you create great-tasting products that align with consumer needs and inspire brand loyalty. Contact us to talk about getting the support you need!

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STORAGE

THE LOWDOWN ON YEAST STORAGE TIME

SCIENCE

ONE OF THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES AND MYSTERIES THAT BREWERS USING LIQUID YEAST FACE IS HOW LONG YEAST CAN BE STORED IN BETWEEN BATCHES WITHOUT RISK OF POOR FERMENTATIONS OR OFF-FLAVOURS. SINCE IT IS MORE COST EFFECTIVE TO REPITCH LIQUID YEAST, ESCARPMENT LABORATORIES THOUGHT IT WOULD BE HELPFUL TO PUT TOGETHER SOME RESOURCES AND SHARE SOME RESEARCH WE DID ON YEAST STORAGE TIME BETWEEN BATCHES OF BEER!

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HOW LONG CAN I STORE MY YEAST IN A BRINK BETWEEN BATCHES OF BEER? This does depend on your yeast strain.

There is not much good information or data out there on how long brewery yeast will last between batches, especially at craft beer scale and with craft beer strains such as ale yeasts.

In general, we recommend maximum storage times of yeasts based on the following table:

PRIOR RESULTS A great study titled “Long Term Yeast Storage: Novel Approaches” was shared at the MBAA conference in 2019 by Matt Couch at Lazarus Brewing. This study showed that a pH buffer (potassium phosphate) and sunflower oil can help improve yeast viability during storage between batches. These results are promising and stay tuned for some results from Escarpment Labs testing the impact of pH buffers and nutrients on yeast storage between batches.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS We decided to put yeast storage, without any additives, to the test! We selected two

ur simple answer is: for most yeast strains, plan to reuse it within 3 weeks, although some strains can last longer between repitches.

Note for homebrewers: you have a lot more flexibility here, if your stored yeast is more than 1 month old we recommend building up a stir plate starter and your yeast should

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be OK to use for several generations. If you have any concerns about the health of a repitch however, we always suggest going back to a fresh yeast pouch.

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Note 1: If you are able to perform a propagation/“vitality starter” step prior to pitching, you can often extend the viable shelf life of your stored yeast up to several months.

Note 2: Storage time is HIGHLY dependent on the viability of the yeast coming out of your fermentation. If the viability is below 80%, we suggest using the yeast within 1 week of cropping.

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strains that are not known to be super hardy, but which also aren’t super picky about storage: Kölsch, and Isar Lager.

Fresh slurry from Escarpment Labs has a long shelf life due to how we grow and feed the yeast. Since the yeast produced at Escarpment Labs is packed with pH buffers, micronutrients, minerals, and other factors that radically enhance shelf life, we needed yeast cropped from a beer fermentation in order to obtain accurate real-world results.

Luckily, our friends at Royal City Brewery down the road helped us out with some “gen 1” yeast slurries, freshly cropped and stored at refrigerator temperatures (2-4ºC).

The yeast was tested at over 95% viability when it was cropped at the brewery, indicating this yeast was of excellent health coming out of the beer fermentation.

weeks, but start deteriorating in vitality after that point.

LIMITATIONS We have not yet assessed the sensory impact of prolonged yeast storage. It is possible that yeast stored for 3+ weeks may also present a higher risk for fermentation off-flavours. This would be a great follow up study!

We also had some slightly confusing viability results, as the slurries all recorded above 90% viability for the duration of the experiment using viability staining and a microscope. It would be a good idea for us to repeat this experiment and build in a secondary viability test such as viable plate counting. Nonetheless, the impact of storage on yeast vitality and performance was clear!

WHAT’S NEXT? We’re inspired to try to find ways that brewers can extend the viable shelf life of their yeast between batches, so that brewers can get more generations out of their liquid yeast pitches. We’re also looking at quicker ways to assess yeast vitality. However we’ve been a bit dissatisfied with the traditional methods such as the acidification power test (we get variable results based on strain). Stay tuned for more practical yeast science from our team.

The data presented in this post were collected by two University co-op students: Karina Regimbal and Ana Ivosevic. Congratulations on your successful co-op terms Karina and Ana!

For this experiment, we stored the yeast in the fridge and pulled samples at 0 weeks (fresh), 3 weeks, and 4 weeks in order to assess the impact that yeast storage time has on fermentation performance.

We chose 3 and 4 weeks as this is around the maximum amount of time most brewers and yeast suppliers will recommend storing yeast between batches of beer.

We then took the stored yeast slurry and pitched it into miniature wort test fermentations at a rate of 10 million cells/mL. This rate is a bit low for Isar Lager but we wanted to keep pitching rate consistent between the strains. The fermentations were run in duplicate to ensure consistency. The wort had a starting gravity of 1.042, and we monitored the specific gravity using a handheld densitometer (Anton Pair DMA35). The Kölsch was fermented at 21ºC while the Isar Lager was fermented at 15ºC. We found that the fresh yeasts fermented very well, with each strain within its expected fermentation timeline. The Kölsch strain was close to finished at day 3, and down to expected FG at day 7 (1.008). The Lager strain was at expected FG (~1.009) at day 7 as well.

Storage impacted the lag time as well as the total fermentation time of both yeasts.

Interestingly we found that 3 weeks of storage resulted in much better fermentation performance than 4 weeks of storage, suggesting that these yeasts were starting to lose vitality at this point.

This lines up with conventional wisdom, that “regular” yeast strains such as Kölsch and Isar Lager will rep itch well for about 3

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MEXICO CRAFT BEER IS THRIVING IN MEXICO. HERE MARCOS GOTTFRIED, THE ORGANISER OF CERVEZA MÉXICO, EXPLAINS HOW SMALL BREWERS ARE DRIVING INDUSTRY GROWTH.

COMMENT

CRAFT BEER IN MEXICO Today, beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage in Mexico, followed by tequila, and the Mexican beer market as a whole has remained strong, even during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic. According to Mexican national statistics agency INEGI, Mexico sold close to 5.5 million litres of beer between January-May 2021, an increase of almost 41%.

months from 2017 to 2018 alone, production in Mexico grew by 65% year-over-year.

ARTISAN APPEAL

FOCUS ON QUALITY

eer production in Mexico has a long and surprising history.

The first beer to be brewed on Mexican soil can be traced back to the time of conquistador Hernán Cortés, when Alfonso Herrera – an emissary of Cortés – asked the Spanish crown for permission to establish the nascent New Spain’s first brewery at the foot of the Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes.

But while the large, foreign-owned breweries remain dominant in terms of sales, one area that has been experiencing significant growth over recent years is the artisan beer industry. Thanks to ever greater quality and innovation, consumption of Mexican craft beer is on the rise across Mexico and beyond. In fact, independently-produced brews accounted for an estimated one in every 100 beers sold in Mexico during 2021, according to Mexican beer association Acermex. This is in part, the association says, a result of beer consumption levels which are now at a level above those seen before the pandemic.

As an illustration of the strength of the industry, our event – Cerveza México, which supports and promotes Mexico’s craft beer brewers and associated suppliers – is anticipating a 50% rise in exhibitors for the 2022 compared with 12 months before.

Although breweries and consumption became more popular during the 18th century, the establishment of the the modern industry, and the most emblematic breweries, took place during the lengthly, polemical rule of Porfirio Díaz – known as the Porfiriato – during the late 1880s and early 1900s.

However, although it only accounts for a small percentage of Mexico’s total beer industry, the artisanal beer segment has experienced phenomenal growth over the past decade. According to ACERMEX, total artisanal beer production increased by 2405% between 2011 and 2018, from 10,594 hectolitres to 265,405 hectolitres. In the 12

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The states of Jalisco (29%), Baja California (17%) and Nuevo Leon (14%) account for the lion’s share of artisanal breweries within Mexico, with the US, Canada and Europe the primary export destinations.

The event, which is also the stage for the yearly Cerveza Cup competition for best professional and amateur brews, is also expected to attract high numbers of national and international visitors.

Working closely with brewers and associations within Mexico, we have seen growth year after year in the artisan beer industry and that is down to a dramatic improvement in product quality which is driving consumption and sales.

There is also an increasing confidence within the artisan industry, which is attracting ever greater numbers of aficionados thanks to its quality and originality of the products.

Consumption is now well established in both metropolitan areas and tourist hubs, and I predict that the sector will go from strength to strength over the coming years, with interest in Mexican craft beer likely to increase both inside and outside Mexico.

I invite suppliers, retailers, importers and exporters to find out why Mexican artisan beer is a product worth a taste.

Cerveza México take places from October 21-23, 2022 in Mexico City’s World Trade Center with the parallel Cerveza México Suppliers and Inputs exhibition running from October 21-22, 2022.

A second event, Cerveza México Guadalajara, will take place from May 12-14, 2023 in Expo Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.

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PHILLIPS BREWING AND MALTING CO 18

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20 YEARS YOUNG

BREWERS JOURNAL CANADA

IN A YEAR IT STARTED BY TOASTING 20 YEARS OF BEERS, PHILLIPS BREWING AND MALTING CO HAS MUCH TO BE PROUD OF DURING THOSE FIRST TWO DECADES. HERE, FOUNDER MATT PHILLIPS REFLECTS ON HOW THE BUSINESS HAS GROWN AND EVOLVED IN THAT TIME, AND WHY THERE IS MUCH MORE TO COME TOO.

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“

Brave and foolish are close cousins, right?” smiles Matt Phillips.

“I just think in your 20s you don’t realise just how close they are!”

While Phillips Brewing and Malting Co has long since become one of British Columbia’s most treasured breweries, it all began with a 27 year old brewer, a windowless apartment and a mountain of credit card debt.

But in celebrating its 20th anniversary last year, the business has gone on to produce some 90,000HL of beer per annum, employ 95, and is proud to be one of the only craft brewers in Canada to malt its own barley.

Not only that it has its own distilling arm too, in the form of Phillips Fermentorium.

“Could I envisage doing what we’re doing back when I started out? God no. I was focused on flavour and making the best beer I could. If that meant I’d be around two or three years down the road then that was a success,” recalls Phillips. “So it’s great to still be doing what I love but it is certainly not by design.”

“There was a time where I had to water down a really nice lager to make a light lager. There was technical skill involved but in any case, I really didn’t like the idea of doing it. In my opinion, the resulting beer was was nowhere near as good,” he says.

“It was at that point that I realised that to have kind of creative licence and control of my beers, the only real way to do so was to have my own brewery. And that really helped set the tone.”

Phillips points back to a period towards the mid-nineties when Canada had a boom of breweries opening but by the late nineties, businesses in Canada and North America were closing which meant there was a wealth of equipment on the market at inexpensive prices.

He recalls: “It was then I realised that if I was going to do this, and not be beholden to the shareholders, then this was the time and I needed to make that jump.

“So I put together a business plan and got rejected everywhere I went. But every time I’d ensure I picked up some credit card applications on my way out of the door. And made sure to use those cards to buy all of the used kit I started out with!”

As Phillips said, brave and foolish are close cousins, but he also thinks luck played a little part too.

“When it came to sorting things like the license, I realise how fortunate I was that things went as quickly as they did. I found a place in April and signed the lease. By June I had a licence and was up and running by the third week of July. I had beer out a month later,” he smiles. “It all moved very quickly.”

Those first beers were launched on the 26th August 2001. They were produced in a 1,300 square foot facility that was also home to his office/apartment. But as demand for the brewery’s beers grew, so

Before Phillips Brewing and Malting Co came to be, Phillips cut his teeth at establishments such as the Grizzly Paw Brewing Company, Spinnakers, Wild Horse in Penticton and The Whistler Brewing Company.

“I grew up in the East Coast of Canada and each of those roles gave me new experiences, they helped me learn more and also stretch my career a little,” he says.

And working at breweries such as Spinnakers in Victoria, Phillips thrived with the creative license afforded to him. “They had a real interest in pairing food and beer so it was a great opportunity to really delve into the flavours.”

But it was his time at The Whistler Brewing Company that really help sow the seeds of Phillips going out on his own.

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did the need for space. They’d move into a new site in 2004, somewhere that was a “game changer”.

“At our first spot we were based on the second floor of an industrial building and that really doesn’t work too well for breweries,” he says. “And one time we had a rupture on one of the tanks overnight, which proceeded to flood our downstairs neighbours. We weren’t too popular at that point.”

But upon outgrowing their second site, the team would eventually go on to move to the current facility some 13 years ago.

“It got to the point where we were using the parking lot as warehouse space so every day you’d lose a couple of cases of beer to kids in the neighbourhood and

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stuff like that,” he recalls. “It was time to find somewhere else.”

Following a period searching, Phillips had even investigated the idea of opening a farm-based brewery. But after moving on from that idea, in 2008 Phillips would eventually find the ideal place. Located on Government St in Victoria, it’s a facility that has grown and evolved alongside the brewery’s output. “There’s not an awful lot of industrial space available downtown so we count ourselves fortunate.”

At the start of this year Phillips Brewing and Malting Co kicked things off by celebrating 20 years of Phillips beers. To mark its 20th year brewing, they’ve taken a trip down memory lane to bring back some of the many different beers it has released in that time.

They started with Kaleidoscope Mosaic IPA – a fan favourite from 2013. This brew is a psycho-tropic trip with boat loads of mosaic hops, famous for their tropical fruit punch to the palate. You’ll find flavours of guava and sweet citrus with subtle IPA bitterness. As they say, it’s a taste symmetrically balanced no matter how you spin it.

And in April came Thorny Horn Sour Raspberry Brown Ale, a re-release they said they had no choice but to bring back, following hundreds of requests for it. First brewed in 2015, and again in 2017, Thorny Horn is a Raspberry Sour Brown Ale with a tangy berry nose that leads to a rich, slightly sharp raspberry tartness through the body, and finishes puckeringly dry thanks to the addition of our house strain of Lactobacillus.

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Reflecting on the countless beers they’ve brewed, with 70% of these sold in BC, Phillips says he’s still incredibly excited by the industry he loves.

“I’m still very much excited by new flavours, new styles and the increasing variety of ingredients we can work with,” he says. “New hops and different yeasts, there is always more to learn and explore.”

And then there’s the small matter of malt.

An area Phillips is so passionate about that the business would launch its malting plant in 2015 and they are one of the only craft brewers in Canada to malt their own barley.

This facility allows them to work with local farmers, cut down on environmental emissions, better control quality, and increase the creativity of their recipes.

also has a distilling arm to call its own. The Fermentorium is a distilling house where unrestrained creativity and a hand-crafted approach shape unique recipes of all kinds.

It’s a place where Old World craftsmanship meets modern techniques, as spirits are artisanally distilled in tandem on a classic 1920s British copper still affectionately christened ‘Old George’, and a modern German-built still.

Although their output has produced international award-winning whisky, Phillips says The Fermentorium has at times been a steep learning curve but one they’ve enjoyed the challenge of.

“You can sell Whisky at three years but that sure ain’t the one I want to drink!,” he laughs. “We did our first at five years using barrels that were in pretty good shape.

He explains: “Vancouver Island produces amazing barley. By malting in-house we are able to support local farmers, and by using barley grown 15 minutes away we are also able to cut down on the emissions of transporting malt across the country. Finally, malting in-house gives us greater control over the quality of the final product.”

“But when it comes to Whisky, you’ve really got to have some faith in the liquid and processes that are taking place. At about the two-year mark, we were about to pour out what would become some of our best barrels because they just had such sulphur nose to them.

Like starting the brewery itself, Phillips says opening the maltings was something of a leap of faith early on but one he’s forever glad he did. “To have creative control over something as important as malt is really a dream come true, and working with other breweries and distillers who use it is incredibly rewarding.”

“The barrels previously had beer in them and it created this crazy sulphury nose. We thought these are just taking up space and will never come good so let’s get rid. But of course we were too chicken to actually do it and thankfully they came good. You are learning each and every day.”

And it’s not just other distillers using these grains, Phillips Brewing and Malting Co

And for Phillips, learning, collaborating and working remains at the heart of everything

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he does. Back in the summer of 2021, Ontario-based Steam Whistle Brewing and Phillips Brewing & Malting Co. announced a partnering that sees these two Canadian craft brewing leaders team up to help grow one another’s portfolio of products in their respective markets.

The arrangement embodies the collaborative spirit that has long-defined craft beer, as each partner has used their local expertise and decades-old relationships to help the other build their business. There was no change in ownership to either partner, and they have each remained completely independent. This collaboration is a natural fit, as both brewers share the same values and have a history of quality, innovation, sustainability, and community.

“Most breweries have done collaboration beers but sometimes they really stretch the meaning of he word collaboration. It’s often just a photo opportunity,” he says. “With Steam Whistle, for me, that’s what real collaboration looks like. We’re working together and both parties benefit as a result.”

And it is initiatives such as this that continue to drive Phillips and the business he has built up over the last 20 years. Just don’t call him a veteran.

“In BC there were a fair few breweries that opened in the 1980s, long before us. But then lots have opened since us, too. I like to think of us somewhere in the middle,” he smiles. “But then again, I do end up on the old man panel at events from time to time so maybe I am a veteran these days!”

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CROSSING CONTINENTS BREWING IN BRUGES

FOCUS

THE BRUGS BIER FESTIVAL RETURNED EARLIER THIS YEAR, FOLLOWING A COVIDENFORCED ABSENCE, AND PAUL DAVIES WAS STRAIGHT OUT OF THE BLOCKS TO TAKE IN THE GREAT AND THE GOOD IT HAD TO OFFER. AND THAT MEANT SAMPLING SOME OF THE WONDERFUL 500 BEERS ON OFFER.

Author

Paul Davies

(or BAB) wisely pushed the date back to have more chance of reduced restrictions allowing the festival to take place. So the festival was held on the second weekend of April, just before Easter. Another change was a new venue!

After years of moving around the city with the Markt, ‘t Zand and Belfry being used recently, the festival found a new home. The old Beursehalle just off the Zand square has been replaced with a state-of-the-art facility. The brand new Bruges Business and Convention Centre opened its doors in the New Year and is a perfect location for the festival.

Lots of space, plenty of ventilation, truly outstanding food, many bathrooms (essential for a beer festival) and outside space for those who need a break. Upon entry you purchase a bier kaart with credit for beers.

This can be easily topped up via a QR code which links you to a payment site. This system proved to be seamless and other festivals could learn from this.

What wasn’t different was the triumphant return of the international bottle swap at De Bierboom. Everyone’s favourite pre-fest party was once again awash with outstanding beers, great food and the best company you could wish for (including Kristof from Fort Lapin who stopped by with e delivery). Marshalled

as always by Maitre D Rudy Vossen the evening was awash with brewers, retailers, beer tourists and enthusiasts from all over the world. And they bring their beers with them.

Expect heavyweight Belgian classics, homebrews and one-offs from regional producers. I always champion UK breweries and pitched up with some faves from Boxcar, Boutilliers, Brew By Numbers and Skin Contact from London Beer Factory’s Barrel Project – so good that I was asked where in Belgium it had come from!

The great thing about this fest is that many of the smaller breweries get an opportunity to showcase their beers to a large audience. 80 brewers presented 500 beers, with many specially brewed for the occasion and 68 new beers being available for the first time. And we only had two days to work through that lot! I felt that hitting some Oude Bruin from Brouwerij ‘t Verzet at 11am was a tad on the early side but as always I’m up for a challenge.

An Oude Bruin Harvest 2021 at 6% abv was a perfect start to a long day. Man, these guys know their craft. Two more treats on show was the new nitro porter Ants Pants 4.9% abv and Naked Kameradski at 15% abv.

I have always loved the company of the guys from the industrial park in Anzegem.

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ack on the first weekend of February 2020, a high old time was being had at the 13th beer festival in the beautiful city of Bruges. The usual pre-fest bottle swap at De Bierboom, followed by a sore head on the morning of the fest.

Hanging out with old friends, meeting new ones and enjoying delicious beers from around Belgium. Little did anyone know that it would be more than two years before the next edition.

Well, the 14th edition of the Brugs Bier Festival was going to be different. Firstly, it wasn’t held on the first weekend of February. De Brugse Autonome Bierproevers

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Always on form, up for a laugh but forever taking their business extremely seriously. If like me you are a fan of roodbruin then join me at their Oude Bruin Fest in Kortrijk on the 7th and 8th October.

I always feel that the morning of a beer fest is the best time of day. Plenty of room, less queuing and the opportunity to speak and listen to friends in (relative) peace. I was delighted to bump into Lars Pillen, who along with Emmanuel Maertens runs the Bruges Beer Experience.

Lars is a fellow beer nut and along with being a generous host is excellent company.

Our quiet conversation was disturbed by the crew from Focus-WTV from West Flanders. It didn’t take long before I was being interviewed and asked for my British take on the festival and Belgian beer.

Fellow guides were in attendance and it’s always great to catch up with Liselot who runs Beer Secret and hosts tastings and tours in Bruges, Brussels and Ghent. Another guide who was there was Katie Van de Weghe aka Queens of Hop. Katie not only hosts events, tastings and tours but she also works at Bourgogne des Flandres and has been honing her brewing skills. She recently launched her first beer.

Drama Queen was brewed at Brouwerij Stokhove and is an English Porter weighing in at 6.7% abv.

Well what can I say? Hanging out with Jef Pirens of D’Oude Maalderij can be an experience. To put it mildly. Seriously it was great to catch up on all things D.O.M and his restaurant Mash. Never standing still he has a number of plans up his sleeve with further collabs with other like-minded brewers, events and a new initiative ‘Orde Der Domestieken’ – a selected group of beer enthusiasts will act as ambassadors for the brewery and be available to assist at various festivals. In return ‘Domestieken’ receive special beers, insight into the beers and brewery and can enjoy free beer at festivals when seen wearing the exclusive members t shirt.

I jumped at the chance and can’t wait to get stuck in, and maybe get involved in a little brewing….

The morning of a beer fest is the best time of day.

Plenty of room, less queuing and the opportunity to speak and listen to friends in (relative) peace,” Paul Davies brewersjournal.ca

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One beer unique to the festival is the BAB Mystere, commissioned from Brouwerij Strubbe, Ichtegem which is brewed in the former kettle of brewery Aigle Belgica, the renowned but defunct brewery of the seventies in Bruges. The beer is produced in honour of former Bruges resident and World War One flying ace André de Meulemeester who was born into a brewing family and whose brewery merged with Belgica in Ghent to form Aigle Belgica. He also formed the Club Mystere where former pilots of the Great War were invited to his house for club dinners. He was also a painter and his works have been exhibited posthumously. The Mystere beer bottle is wrapped in paper depicting some of his art.

Around the time of the festival numerous restaurants and bars also participate, featuring beers that are poured during the festival and a special beer of the month. The fest also encourages donations to a. umber of charities, Pelicano which finances the basic needs of children in poverty; De Varens a special school for mentally and physically disabled children; BC Spermalie a special education primary school for children suffering from multiple disabilities; and Klub Tarnowski who support Ukrainian refugees arriving at the Polish city of Tarnow. Donations are made in a number of ways, either directly at the information booth or by donating your festival glass and/or remaining beer credits.

So another BAB Brugs Bier Festival drew to a close. And next year it will be the 15th edition. And guess what? It’s being held in the summer on the 10th – 11th June! See you there, Cheers! Special thanks to Filip Geerts, Belgium Beer Board and Caitlin Mackesy Davies for their photos.

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THE FUTURE OF YEAST

SCIENCE

FOLLOWING THE LAUNCH OF LALBREW NOVALAGER, ITS MODERN HYBRID LAGER YEAST, LALLEMAND BREWING EXPLAIN HOW MODERN YEAST BREEDING METHODS WILL SURELY CONTINUE TO PROVIDE NOVEL, NONGMO YEAST STRAINS WITH COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS.

Authors:

Zachari Turgeon, MSc.

Renaissance Bioscience Corp.

Principal Scientist - Microbial Research and Innovation

Eric Abbott, MSc.

Lallemand Brewing Technical Support Manager

Alexei Titov,

Lallemand Brewing Technical Sales Manager

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O

f the four primary brewing ingredients (water, malt, hops, and yeast) it is the yeast that has the most complex and dynamic effect on beer flavour. Not only does yeast produce a range of unique flavour compounds such as esters and phenolics, but it also transforms compounds from the malt and hops.

Yeast transforms malt sugars into alcohol and CO2 and produces enzymes that interact with hop-derived flavour compounds in a process called biotransformation. Some notable beer styles are defined by a particular yeast strain, including Weizens, Abbaye ales, Saisons and Lagers. The lager yeast strains are used to brew the majority of beer consumed worldwide and as such they have been studied extensively.

The history of lager yeast has its roots in 15th century Bavaria when two closely related yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ale yeast) and Saccharomyces eubayanus (cold-tolerant yeast), hybridized to form a new natural hybrid species known as S. pastorianus, or better known as lager yeast.

Over the following centuries, this hybrid strain was domesticated through selective repitching of fermentations with the best fermentation performance. As brewing technology advanced over the centuries, the selective pressure led to a major genetic bottleneck that restricted the genetic diversity of lager yeast.

Ultimately this led to the formation of two categories of modern lager yeast, Group I (Saaz) and Group II (Frohberg). Both groups have similar fermentation performance and flavor characteristics and are largely differentiated based on their genomic composition. The Group I strains have a larger proportion of genes from S. eubayanus compared to S. cerevisiae and are therefore slightly more cold-tolerant compared to Group II strains.

The Group II strains have roughly equal genomic contributions from each parental species and have become the dominant workhorse lager strain globally due to their more robust fermentation kinetics, more neutral aroma profile and lower off-aroma production (especially acetaldehyde and diacetyl).

There has been significant innovation in ale strain development over the years resulting in a wide variety of yeast strains that contribute to the diverse range of ale beer styles. On the other hand, innovation of lager strains has been much more limited. Since S. pastorianus strains were domesticated in commercial breweries and do not exist naturally in the environment, selection of novel lager strains is more challenging.

A major breakthrough in lager yeast innovation occurred in 2021 when Renaissance BioScience (Vancouver, Canada) developed a novel breeding methodology to create unique and diverse lager strains.1 Using these methods, Renaissance BioScience selected novel lager strains that contain a greater proportion of the S. cerevisiae subgenome compared to the S. eubayanus subgenome, leading to the formation of a third category of lager strains designated Group III (Renaissance).

In collaboration with Lallemand Brewing, the first commercial strain from this new Group III category is now available to brewers with the launch of the LalBrew NovaLager™, a modern hybrid lager yeast.

The development of LalBrew NovaLager™ started with the identification of Ale and Lager parental strains with ideal brewing characteristics. The Ale parent is a unique strain selected from nature in Vancouver, BC, that was refined using adaptation and selective breeding to be an ideal “American Ale Yeast Breeder” with high attenuation, unique and subtly fruity aroma, low diacetyl production, and no H2S production.

To select the ideal “Lager Breeder”, a wellknown workhorse Group II lager strain was sporulated to form a diploid strain which retained bottom fermentation characteristics and cryotolerance. These Ale and Lager breeders where then hybridized to create LalBrew NovaLager™, which combines the innovative traits from the S. cerevisiae parent with the cold-tolerance and robustness of a traditional Group II lager strain (Figure 1 overleaf).

Importantly, since LalBrew NovaLager™ was developed using only non-genetically modified techniques such as breeding and adaptive evolution methodologies, it is considered non-GMO.

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In essence, this breeding strategy involves isolating the S. eubayanus part of a traditional domesticated lager strain in order to rehybridize this Lager parent with a new Ale parent to produce a novel, modern hybrid lager strain that opens the door to more lager beer style diversity.

With roots in traditional lager history combined with modern laboratory methods, the release of LalBrew NovaLager™ represents the next innovation in lager yeast. Going forward, these modern yeast breeding methods will surely continue to provide novel, non-GMO yeast strains with commercially important characteristics. The future of brewing yeast is exciting!

References: 1 Turgeon, Z., Sierocinski, T., Brimacombe, C. A., Jin, Y., Goldhawke, B., Swanson, J. M., Husnik, J. I., & Dahabieh, M. S. (2021). Industrially Applicable De Novo Lager Yeast Hybrids with a Unique Genomic Architecture: Creation and Characterization. Applied and environmental microbiology, 87(3)

KEY ADVANTAGES: • Efficient fermentation and high attenuation to produce crisp, highly attenuated lagers • Short maturation times due to the inhibition of H2S and low production of diacetyl • Unique flavor profile consisting of fruity, vibrant and clean aroma profile • Cryotolerance conferred by the presence of the S. eubayanus subgenome • Broad temperature tolerance due to an increased S. cerevisiae genomic content • Lower pitch rates due to a higher viability relative to traditional lager strains.

• Bottom fermentation typical of traditional lager strains.

• Biotransformation of the hop derived compounds in modern beer styles such as Cold IPA or IPL with the expression of beta-glucosidase enzyme.

BEST PRACTICE:

LAGER STRAIN SELECTION

SCIENCE

KNOWING WHAT LAGER STRAIN IS MOST SUITED TO THE BEER YOU ARE BREWING IS ALL-IMPORTANT. HERE ROBERT PERCIVAL, THE REGIONAL SALES MANAGER FOR EUROPE, EXPLAINS ALL.

L

ager is the most popular beer in the world. Clean and refreshing, this style has won over 90% of the international beer market.

The production of lagers is a recent innovation in the history of brewing, which is measured by thousands of years.

The appearance of lagers is attributed to the XV-XVI centuries, and Bavaria is considered the birthplace of the style.

Lager yeast strains are classified into different lineages based on their genomic structure. Each S. pastorianus strain has a subgenome derived from both the S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus parental strains (Figure 2). The two traditional lager groups arose by natural hybridation events. Group I (Saaz) lager strains are allotriploid with three sets of chromosomes, one from S. cerevisiae and two from S. eubayanus.

Due to the greater contribution from the S. eubayanus subgenome these strains are more cryotolerant. Group II (Frohberg) lager strains are allotetraploid with four sets of chromosomes, two from S. cerevisiae and two from S. eubayanus. Due to the greater contribution from S. cerevisiae these strains exhibit more robust fermentation characteristics including broader temperature and alcohol tolerance.

The most well-known lager yeast strain Weihenstephan 34/70 as well as LalBrew

Figure 1. Galls growing on a southern beech tree in Patagonia.

DiamondTM belong to the Group II lineage. Both Group I and Group II strains are genetically very similar and have changed very little over the centuries since their domestication in 15th century Bavaria.

The key feature of the lager style is using the authentic type of yeast called Saccharomyces pastorianus. In the 1980s, while studying the DNA of the lager yeast, researchers discovered that it was a hybrid of the ale yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a hitherto unknown microorganism.

But in 2007 microbiologists found that the genes of that microorganism are 99.5% identical to a yeast found in Patagonia, which the local population used to produce alcohol at low temperatures. Yeast was contained in “galls“, spherical growths on southern beech trees, inside of which juice is fermented (Figure 1). This strain was named Saccharomyces eubayanus.

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Figure 2. Comparative genomic structure of Group I (Saaz), Group II (Frohberg) and Group III (Renaissance) lager strain lineages.

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Some brewers have used neutral ale strains to ferment at colder temperatures in order to produce neutral beers that are “lager-like”, but not considered true lagers since they are not fermented with S. pastorianus. LalBrew NottinghamTM is an excellent option for brewing pseudo-lagers due to its neutral profile and broad fermentation temperatures range.

innovation in lager yeast strains in centuries. Due to a greater contribution from the S. cerevisiae subgenome the LalBrew NovaLagerTM strain demonstrates tolerance to warmer temperatures, more ro-

bust and rapid fermentation, a unique flavor profile and low levels of diacetyl and H2S while maintaining cryotolerance imparted by the S. eubayanus subgenome (Figure 3).

Recently, classical and non-GMO methods have been used to breed novel lager hybrid strains that are distinct from the Group I and II traditional lineages1. These novel Group III (Renaissance) strains are allotetraploid with four sets of chromosomes, three from S. cerevisiae and one from S. eubayanus.

The first commercial example of the Group III lager strains is LalBrew NovaLagerTM, which represents the first major

Figure 3. Fermentation kinetics of different LalBrew® Premium Series yeast strains for lager styles.

Standard all-malt 15°P pale wort pitched with 1.5 million cells/ml/°P and fermented at 12°C.

Comparison of LalBrew® Premium Series strains for lager styles.

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Figure 4. H2S production during fermentation with LalBrew® Premium yeast strains for lager beer styles. A typical lager strain is shown for comparison purposes. Traditional lager strains (LalBrew DiamondTM, typical lager strain) produce more H2S than ale strains (LalBrew NottinghamTM). H2S levels are undetectable for fermentations with LalBrew NovaLagerTM. Standard all-malt 15°P pale wort pitched with 1.5 million cells/ml/°P and fermented at 12°C.

LAGER FLAVOUR AND AROMA HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) All brewing yeasts produce some amount of H2S during fermentation as a part of normal amino acid metabolism (See our Technical paper, Impact of Hydrogen Sulfide in Brewing2). With ale fermentations, H2S is depleted efficiently by CO2 scrubbing during active fermentation and reabsorption by the yeast after full attenuation.

With lager fermentations, the cooler, slower fermentations result in less CO2 scrubbing and the bottom fermenting, medium flocculant lager yeast does not reabsorb H2S as efficiently. Small amounts of H2S at threshold detection levels produced by traditional lager strains such as LalBrew DiamondTM are considered an important part of the normal sensory profile for many lager beers.

genes (Figure 4). As a result, LalBrew NovaLagerTM does not require the long maturation times typical of traditional lager strains.

DIACETYL Diacetyl is a common fermentation byproduct that is perceived by most people as an off-flavour. It is produced from a side reaction by yeast metabolizing amino acids into valine. The yeast produces -α acetolactate, which is then excreted out of the cell. The -α acetolactate is then decarboxylated into diacetyl and reabsorbed back into the yeast at the end of fermentation where it is metabolized into acetoin, a flavourless compound.

Diacetyl reabsorption by the yeast takes time and is faster at warmer ale temperatures compared to cooler lager temperatures. Diacetyl may be present in packaged beer when fermentations are incomplete, and the yeast is unable to completely reabsorb the diacetyl. For this reason, lager fermentations usually employ a diacetyl rest by raising the temperature at the end of fermentation to give the yeast time to reabsorb the diacetyl before transfer off the yeast (Figure 5).

Diacetyl production can also be inhibited by using an α-acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) enzyme, which allows the direct breakdown of α-acetolac- tate into flavour-

However, poor wort nutrition or brewing techniques can result in elevated levels of H2S and an undesirable aroma of rotten eggs. This can be avoided by adding nutrients to the wort (especially when using adjuncts) and leaving the beer in contact with the yeast before transfer or filtration to allow time for H2S reabsorption.

The LalBrew NovaLagerTM strain was selected for reduced H2S production by disrupting specific sulfur metabolic

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Figure 5. A typical diacetyl rest is performed by increasing the temperature for several days at the end of active fermentation

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Figure 6. LalBrew NovaLagerTM exhibits higher “ale-like” uptake of valine similar to LalBrew Nottingham compared to traditional lager strains.

less acetoin and prevents the formation and normal metabolism of diacetyl by the yeast cell.

Strain selection will also impact diacetyl production. Ale strains such as LalBrew NottinghamTM will tend to produce less diacetyl as a result of more efficient valine uptake. LalBrew NovaLagerTM demonstrates valine uptake and diacetyl levels

that are similar to ale strains (Figures 6-7), which contributes to shorter maturation times required for this strain compared to traditional lager strains.

freshing beers. Modern interpretations of lager styles tend to be more flavorful, often with higher hop rates than traditional lager beers.

ESTERS AND HOP BIOTRANSFORMATION

The LalBrew NovaLagerTM strain produces low to medium esters for a more aromatic lager beer, and expression of a β-glucosidase enzymes promotes biotransformation and complexity of hop aromas.

Traditional lager strains such as LalBrew DiamondTM produce few esters and are very neutral leading to clean, dry and re-

Figure 7. The level of diacetyl produced by different yeast strains for lager styles.

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LES BRASSEURS DU PETIT-SAULT

LOCAL FLAVOURS AND HISTORIC TALES

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LES BRASSEURS DU PETIT-SAULT IN EDMUNDSTON, NEW BRUNSWICK, BLENDS TOGETHER REGIONAL BREWS WITH THE ART OF STORYTELLING, SABRINA PIRILLO EXPLAINS ALL.

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n the border between New Brunswick, Quebec and Maine, the Republic of Madawaska is nestled in the Appalachians that border the picturesque Saint-John River Valley. Edmundston, New Brunswick, is Madawaska’s most populous city and serves as the core business and service centre.

Edmundston is predominantly French and used to be called “Petit-Sault” (small falls), pertaining to the confluence of the St. John and Madawaska rivers. Before the arrival of the first settlers, the Maliseet First Nations

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lived on both sides of the Saint John River Valley which they called “Madoueskak,” meaning land of the porcupines. This history plays a strong role in one microbrewery’s epic tale.

There is always a lot of buzz surrounding the name of the next brewed batch, mainly because every beer is named after legendary characters or quaint stories tied to the colourful history of the region.

Here, at Les Brasseurs du Petit-Sault, a warm welcome and a cold pint await, along with local history told through a oneof-a-kind experience.

The tasting room features eight permanent beers on tap—Snap Dickie Cream Ale, John Glazier American Pale Ale, Saison Du Djâbe Belgian Style, Spoutnique IPA, Kedgwick German Pilsner, Double Vision Double IPA, Louis XVII Amber Ale and the Soeur Catherine Old School IPA—with the rest on seasonal rotation.

LES BRASSEURS DU PETIT-SAULT Opening its doors in downtown Edmundston in 2014, Les Brasseurs du Petit-Sault houses a craft microbrewery, tasting room and patio all in what used to be an old police station. Inside the brewery, where the raw materials and malt is kept, President and CEO, André Léger points out the new section of the building along with the original brick wall of the police station. There is a microbrewery (Les Brasseurs du Petit-Sault) and a moonshiner’s restaurant (Moonshin’hers Café Bistro Inc.) in the old police station—how ironic.

What gives Léger’s beer its unique taste and bold flavours is he brews it with the purest water taken from the winding Iroquois River basin, uses the finest malts and hops and finishes the suds with their Belgian yeast. Belgian-inspired, the beers unite Belgium and Madawaska County.

“From the start, the way we wanted to do our branding was to talk about the people and the characters that had an impact, regionally. And then with a link to our name and our branding, it is a bit of a play on nostalgia,” says Léger.

The story behind the Soeur Catherine IPA is based on Edith Marquis, born in St. Agatha, Maine in 1898, who later became known as Sister Catherine, a grade one teacher in Edmundston. Her class was not the most popular and the IPA is inspired by her legendary stubbornness, methodically brewed with five varieties of hops, reflecting bitterness in both the beer and…well…Soeur Catherine.

Style: West Coast IPA, Appearance: Pale Amber, Ingredients: Water, malted barley, hops, yeast, Mouthfeel: High bitterness, malty, citrus & piney aromas and Pairing: Cured meats, barbeque et spicy dishes.

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From the start, the way we wanted to do our branding was to talk about the people and the characters that had an impact, regionally,” André Léger

Gold Medal at the 2018 Canadian Brewing Awards- Belgian Style Specialty Ale category (John Baker Dubbel)

THE MALT “Our beers are designed with malt, so we have different variants of malt. We do use a German malt for authenticity in certain specific beers we do, but we have been trying to use more and more local products,” says Léger. “And it has been possible because before there were no maltery’s and now in New Brunswick, there’s a couple.”

“Every maltery has their different taste signature. So, we have been trying to develop some new beers using those new malts, and that does give a different taste to our beers. So, let’s say we do a Pale Ale or Pilsner, or something like that, we use a local malt with a specific taste and that is what’s interesting to the flavour.”

Currently, the local malt is coming from a place near Caraquet, a town that is situated on the shore of Chaleur Bay in the

Acadian Peninsula, about 2.5 hours from Edmundston. Additionally, there was another maltery about 50 kilometers from the brewery, (located in Quebec situated just on the border) who have been around for about a decade, according to Léger.

“They make specialty malt, which typically means malts that are roasted. So, they will roast to a different level, which brings character and colour to the beer, with a more caramel taste, which is very interesting,” explains Léger.

“A lot of the breweries back then used to have those specialty malts from the national brands, so us using a very local, a very boutique type of maltery always provided us with a very different and specific taste for a beer that’s an Amber Ale, which is quite popular and widespread but using a very specific knowledge, which gets us a very signature taste.”

THE BREWERY When the brewery launched in New Brunswick in 2014, Les Brasseurs du Pet-

The Kedgwick Pilsner, on the other hand, is inspired by André Arpin. André has been navigating the Kedgwick for many moons in his ancestral canoe, a legacy of the first Kedgwick River settler. Founder of Canoë Restigouche, he was decorated runner-up at the annual canoe race in 1975.

He surely would have been declared the winner if the judges had not been drinking so much beer during the race.

This lager, inspired by the German-style pilsner, is as cool as the Kedgwick River’s rapids and as clear as the moon over the Forks.

Like the river, it goes down smooth! Style: German Pilsner, Appearance: Pale Gold, Ingredients: Water, malted barley, hops, yeast, Mouthfeel: Crisp lager, complex, floral hops and Pairing: Very versatile! Pizza, grilled meat, fish, seafood.

The brewery has done quite well for itself since its inception, receiving several awards and accolades:

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Silver medal at the 2020 Down East Brewing Awards - Porter/Stout category (Canon Franchetti Cappuccino Stout) Silver medal at the 2019 Atlantic Canadian Beer Awards - Belgian Style Specialty Ale category (John Baker Dubbel)

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it-Sault was the first brewery to launch as part of a new wave of openings. There were a couple of breweries that started out in the 90s—Picaroons Brewing Company in Fredericton and Pump House Brewpub in Moncton—who were the early pioneers who paved the way for the brewing scene.

The brewery consists of five 30 hl (3,000l) fermentation tanks and two that are 60 hl (6,000l). “We started working on this project

in 2013, made our first beer and sold our first batch which happened to be a Blanche.”

you look at it from the brewery on tap here, it’s absolutely IPAs.”

When Léger was asked what his best seller is, he had several different answers, all which were dependent on several factors and the time of year. “That’s always a difficult question to answer because obviously if you look at all of our beers, cream ale is our biggest seller, but it’s in a grocery channel, at the hockey rink and a beer that sells a lot on tap. It’s an easy drinking beer. But if

Often, when Léger comes up with his seasonal batches, they usually become best sellers immediately. During the summer months, he typically makes a fruit beer.

Last year, Léger made a sour beer made out of raspberries but this year, he created a batch he has wanted to do for a long time – strawberry and rhubarb, which was a huge hit.

PROCESS MAPPING

PLOTTING YOUR BREWERY’S SUCCESS WITH PROCESS MAPPING

FOCUS

IN CHALLENGING AND VOLATILE TIMES, COMPANIES THAT TRULY UNDERSTAND THEIR PROCESSES, WORKFLOWS AND DATA TEND TO BE MOST RESILIENT. FOR BREWERIES AND BEVERAGE COMPANIES, GAINING THIS UNDERSTANDING THROUGH PROCESS MAPPING CAN LEAD TO QUICK DECISIONMAKING AND ULTIMATELY SAVE MONEY AND TIME. IMPLEMENTING MEANINGFUL CHANGES REQUIRES A DOCUMENTED BASELINE UPON WHICH INITIATIVES CAN BE DEFINED AND MEASURED, EXPLAIN FIRST KEY CONSULTING.

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rocess mapping is a fundamental tool which can be applied across all aspects of the business – from raw material ordering and management to complex processing or blending to distribution logistics. Process mapping will provide valuable insights into your business.

Once operations and processes have been mapped, the “as-is” state of operations is revealed. Potential gaps materialize and opportunities for improvement become visible. Business processes like billing can now be communicated across the organization and supply processes can be finetuned to minimize wait times, maximize space usage, or increase efficiencies.

There are numerous adaptations of process maps and selecting the right one for the application is important. The most basic is the Block Flow Diagram (BFD), where a process is sketched as blocks connected by arrows to illustrate its steps and flows (Figure 1).

Management can also leverage process maps to determine measurement points, define key performance indicators (KPI) and focus operational improvements on critical steps of processes.

Process Flow Diagrams (PFD) or Flow Charts allow for visualization of processes and decision-making steps (Figure 2), using a series of standard symbols already included in most productivity suites like Word, Visio, Google Drawings, etc. These can be made for high-level business processes or can delve into the intricacies of turbid mashing.

The manufacturing world has seen several methodologies that leverage process mapping tools to assess and improve processes. Total Quality Management (TQM), Dr. W Edwards Deming’s legacy[2], is a process-centric approach to quality management that promotes iterative analysis of processes, prioritizes improvements, and leads their implementation. Dr. Deming’s approach uses process mappings in the shape of value and information maps.

Swimlane Diagrams add the extra layer of responsible parties to flowcharts which is a useful tool when various departments are involved in the success of a process. They can be used to identify bottlenecks and staffing needs.

These tools aid in the visualization of current (as-is) and future (to-be) states of the process being analyzed. Furthermore, the mapping activity itself is an egalitarian exercise that relies on information across the

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the software. System integrators will typically meet with the brewery personnel to capture the necessary parameters for the solution to function correctly. However, if a brewery has already engaged in process mapping activities and knows its products and processes reliably, the bespoke solution is closer to fruition.

organization. Successful companies that use process mapping involve and leverage the plant floor operators and technicians to truly define the real processes. The net result of process mapping is an aligned and knowledgeable organization and an engaged team that is focused on identifying opportunities for improvement and a spirit of inclusion and teamwork.

Other methodologies seek to generate operational improvement through an integrated approach. Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is comprised of waste reduction (lean manufacturing) and statistical tools to identify and control process deviations (six sigma).

But a common denominator among methodologies is the use of process mapping.

Scott Durnin, a senior technical advisor at First Key, says the act of engaging in process mapping activities can help an organization understand the cost of its operations.

By process mapping the material flows and steps within a brewery, the inherent process losses of each step (e.g., dry hopping, pump and piping losses, centrifuge discharge, etc.) can be identified and quantified. It is this level of detail that makes process mapping such an essential tool. Losses may not be identified at the managerial level alone, Durnin highlights that involving brewers and technicians is the secret to ensuring the process maps accurately represent the real-world process.

Dr. Jack Buffington, Director of Supply Chain and Sustainability at First Key, says, “Process mapping leads to standard operating procedures, which lead to metrics, which lead to accountability.”

Whether operating a nano or a major brewery, repeatable recipes are a determining factor of quality. To achieve more control of operations, breweries opt for specialized software that connects critical business areas to inform business decisions (e.g. Ekos, Orchestrated Beer, etc.).

These tools offer the ability to monitor and control operations from a single platform.

Inventory, production, cellaring, sales, packaging, accounting, and even compliance data is aggregated in a series of interfaces designed to accomplish tasks optimally.

Warehouse operators can update inventory from a tablet when a shipment is received. Brewers can update lot information to reflect recipe deviations and maintain cost transparency. Omnichannel sales can be aggregated to ensure high customer satisfaction. Brewery software has improved business operations decision-making and reduced overhead costs by automating processes.

In recent years, numerous brewery software offerings entered the market. While in principle all brewing operations have similar manufacturing processes, volume and number of SKUs are the main input variables to determine the right fit.

A medium-sized craft brewery may need to prioritize connectivity to existing financial and point of sale (POS) solutions, while a nationally distributed brewery that focuses on a limited number of SKUs may need to account for highly granular process variations.

Thus, large operations have distinct functionality software requirements. Furthermore, large enterprises require increased application availability and data protection.

These prerequisites may tip the scale towards a long-standing software solution.

In interviews with major brewery software providers Ekos and Orchestrated Beer (OBeer), the benefits of process mapping information to aid in the configuration were consistently confirmed. Yet, it is common that breweries seek to implement complex software solutions without previously documenting this information.

Process maps are an advantageous tool to assess current state of operations, but their usefulness depends on the quality of the data used to construct them. Involving brewery personnel with expertise in the area being mapped ensures that the actual operation is accurately reflected.

The combination of hands-on experience and supervisory points of view can also reveal areas of opportunity to implement standard operating procedures (SOPs) or to document previously unknown improvements. In addition, the resulting process maps serve as training tools for beginners.

The benefits of process mapping activities and tools far exceed the level of effort required. Knowing current capabilities, process status, standardizing operations, discovering inefficiencies, training people, and lowering the effort threshold for implementing changes, are some benefits these tools provide.

Furthermore, an agile organization with standard operating procedures and documented capabilities can significantly reduce the amount of time and effort required to implement brewery software. The time and resource savings in conjunction with the nimbleness for adaptation are worth the investment.

References

Configuration is a crucial step in implementing brewery software solutions. Many brewery ERP software solutions are based on their manufacturing counterparts (e.g., SAP, Oracle NetSuite, etc.) but are tailored to fit the business of brewing.

[1] B. Thomas, “INDUSTRY REPORT C1121GL Global Beer Manufacturing,” 2021. Accessed: Mar. 01, 2022. [Online].

Available: my-ibisworld-com.proxy.library. cornell.edu/gl/en/industry/c1121-gl/about.

To make a tailored product into a bespoke one, precise data must be fed into it. Process mapping exercises provide the data required for the successful configuration of

[2] B. O. Ehigie and E. B. Mcandrew, “Innovation, diffusion and adoption of total quality management (TQM),” doi: 10.1108/00251740510603646.

MARKET TRENDS

FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET TRENDS FOR 2023 PART 2: FLAVORS DEEP DIVE stressors. Beyond tie-ins with functional products, flavors can provide benefits by creating pleasurable experiences or evoking happiness through memories. Developers who want to target stress relief could shift away from a functional ingredient to a less direct approach with flavors that feel good—simple, nostalgic, indulgent. Flavor can transport people, and when flavor takes them back to a childhood backyard bonfire with gooey marshmallow or sweet apple cider, the sense of enjoyment extends beyond taste.

e know that food and beverage can support both physical and mental health challenges.

But did you know flavor can play a direct role in functionality in addition to aligning with perceptions of benefits?

For instance, citrus flavors ranked as top flavors launched in immunity beverages over the past five years. The citrus components work double duty in these launches as an indicator and moderate source of the immunity benefit. The citrus-immunity association is just one example —the linkages span both mental and physical health offerings.

As people seek more from their food and beverage products, we expect developers to leverage flavors more strategically to create those connections.

In 2022, we saw many creative food and beverage launches featuring contrasting taste profiles. In our 2022 Sweets and Snacks review blog post, we highlighted new product launches with a sweet and spicy pairing (like southern peach habanero potato chips). Tastewise calls them “fusion flavors” and IFT refers to it as “sweet plus,” but no matter the nomenclature, the dual taste experiences are compelling. We envision this coming to life in several ways, such as the trendy sweet and spicy, newer sour and spicy, and traditional sweet and savory.

FOCUS

DESPITE A TUMULTUOUS FEW YEARS (AND MORE UNCERTAINTY ON THE HORIZON), THE FLAVORSUM TEAM IS LOOKING OPTIMISTICALLY TO 2023 AND IDENTIFYING NEW WAYS TO CREATE ENJOYABLE FLAVOR EXPERIENCES. OUR PREDICTIONS FORTHE NEW YEAR FEATURE FLAVORS THAT TARGET HEALTH TO EXPERIENCEDRIVEN TASTES (AND EVERYTHING IN-BETWEEN).

WE EXPECT SOME CARRY-OVER FROM 2022, BUT WE ARE ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT OPPORTUNITIES TO CONNECT WITH PEOPLE THROUGH INNOVATIVE FLAVORS. EXPLORE OUR 2023 FLAVOR PREDICTIONS TO DISCOVER HOW YOUR BRAND CAN STAND OUT IN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE SPACE IN THE NEW YEAR!

W

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Stand Out Statistics: •

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42% of US adults like their food/drink to contribute to both their mental and physical health. (Mintel) More consumers say they have engaged in eating healthily than physical exercise as a route to healthy living. (Innova)

NOURISHING THE SOUL As we discussed in part one of our trend series, 2022 didn’t bring the reprieve many people hoped to see. Instead, we faced a new set of challenges such as inflation and geopolitical conflicts. Foods and drinks provide one avenue for relief from

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84% of Americans report feeling stressed weekly, up from 78% in March 2021. (ValuePenguin) 40% of respondents across 11 countries indicate “feeling well” as a top driver of a healthier lifestyle. (Innova)

ELEVATED TASTE EXPERIENCES Dual Taste Experiences

Stand Out Statistics: •

Consumer interest in complex heat grew by 20.5% in the 12 months end-

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ing in July 2022, compared with 8.3% growth in business interest. (Spoonshot)

DOWN TO EARTH FLAVORS Florals And Botanicals

Pure Indulgence

Trend Hunter predicts 2023 will be a period of “incremental chaos”. With so much in flux, people will seek moments of simple and indulgent pleasure. Innova predicts that consumers will find creative ways to “elevate the everyday.” How can developers tap into this trend? 30% of global consumers find richness of flavor the most important driver of enjoyment and pleasure in food. (Innova) Brands can develop moments of joy through taste and storytelling.

Floral and botanical flavors are still relatively young in the world of food and beverage, but we expected continued growth because they offer elevated taste profiles and added functional benefits, Tastewise highlights gains in trending floral flavors like ylang ylang (+42% YOY in consumer interest) and echinacea (+24% YOY in consumer interest). While still primarily popular in the beverage and nutrition categories, the earthy floral and botanical notes have a place in categories like bakery, dairy, and confections.

own unique taste profile. Mintel reports that “manufacturers are largely missing an opportunity to engage consumers by not emphasizing the unique flavor profiles of different varieties.” The ample, untapped room for creativity with mushrooms exists in food and beverage applications. For instance, Thrillist reports that bartenders are starting to use mushrooms in cocktails and mocktails for a savory spin.

Stand Out Statistic: •

36% of US consumers have tried mushroom flavors in snacks and liked it; 19% haven’t tried it but would like to. (Mintel)

Stand Out Statistics: Mush-Boom of Flavor •

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43% of US consumers are motivated by indulgent flavors when choosing a frozen treat to try. (Mintel) 6 in 10 consumers say everyday moments of happiness they can experience is the most common way that they treat and reward themselves. (Innova)

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Mintel calls it “the great mushroom boom,” and they’re right. Mushrooms are popping up everywhere. But brands have plenty of white space to innovate with the umami flavor. Mushrooms have become increasingly popular as plant-based alternatives flood the market, but they also offer their

EXPERIENCE-INSPIRED TASTES Cocktail Flavors, Mocktail Formats Some people want the multi-layered tastes and exciting flavor experiences that come along with an alcoholic beverage without the side effects of alcohol. To ad-

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dress this need, we expect to see brands turn to alcohol-inspired flavors more often across food and drink categories. As the sober curious movement gains momentum (Note: Mintel reports that “gen Z adults drink less than older generations”), developers can discover ways to deliver the experience without the hangover. For example, we recently launched two new flavors for flavored water to mirror popular cocktails: ranch water and paloma. Want to learn about the alcohol-free

space? Check out our blog post from late last year on the topic.

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On Reddit, visits to the community r/ StopDrinking have surpassed 63 million, up 18% compared to last year. (AdWeek) TikTok videos with the hashtag #SoberCurious have received more than 230 million views since the category went live. (AdWeek)

Social Media Creates Global Taste Buds In a recent blog post, we discussed flavor innovation with a global spin and touched on the idea of how social media can inspire people to try new tastes. In 2023, we believe this trend will continue to pick up and brands will increasingly monitor and respond to ideas born in the social space. With the expansion of social media has come a new breed of influencers sharing cultural meals and snacks. More brands and influencers are partnering, and we expect to see an uptick in food and beverage launches coming from those relationships. But social media moves quickly, and brands must do the same. According to Mintel, “food and drink flavors and fads move faster in a more connected world.”

Standout Statistics: •

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Nearly 80% of Canadian adults believe internationally inspired foods are good ways to experience other cultures. (Mintel) Kids and teenagers globally spent 91 minutes per day on TikTok in 2021. (Mintel)

DISCOVER INNOVATION INSPIRATION AND LEVERAGE LAUNCH SUPPORT IN 2023 WITH FLAVORSUM! As you navigate the uncharted territory of a new year, bring FlavorSum along for the journey! Discover support from flavor expertise, consumer insights, and commercialization resources to fuel your next launch.

We’re relentlessly devoted to helping growing food and beverage companies create great-tasting products that align with consumer needs and inspire brand loyalty.

Contact us to talk about your plans for 2023 (and beyond)!

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FIGHTING FIT

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN TWO CHEMICAL ENGINEERS WITH A PASSION FOR CRAFT BEER JOIN FORCES? YOU GET BOXING ROCK BREWING COMPANY OF NOVA SCOTIA, THE 2022 RECIPIENTS OF THE PRESTIGIOUS TASTE OF NOVA SCOTIA ACCOLADE FOR BEST PRODUCER. AND SINCE 2013, THEY’VE BEEN MAKING A NAME BY KEEPING THE GREAT AND THE GOOD SATIATED WITH EXCELLENT BEER, ALL WHILE CHALLENGING PERCEPTIONS ALONG THE WAY. brewersjournal.ca

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“

A microbrewery? Of course! That’s how I can get a job in Nova Scotia,” recalls Henry Pedro. “Emily had come up with the idea of opening a brewery in the old post office and that was it. I knew I could put one together and if I wanted to work and live here, then that was my route in.”

The year is 2010 and Toronto native Henry Pedro was on one of his frequent visits to the province.

“My wife and I had vacationed in Shelburne since 2007 and we both loved it. Each Time we’d be thinking more and more how we could make a move here possible,” he says.

A keen sailor, Pedro would convince some of his new friends to host a regatta and one that he could compete in. “We’d visit each summer to take part and every time, grow more fond of the area,” he explains.”

During these treasured visits Pedro, a maintenance engineer in the automotive industry would get to know Emily Cowin. With a background in the oil industry, she was woking as an engineer for the municipality.

“I don’t think her job satisfaction was at an all-time high,” he recalls.

They started talking and Pedro knew he needed a gravitational pull to bring him and his family to Shelburne on a more permanent basis.

“In the course of casual conversation Emily said something like ‘wouldn’t it be cool if we could turn the old post office into a microbrewery?’ and I thought, how hard can it be for two chemical engineers to start a brewery?”

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In his spare time, Pedro was a home brewer and he would soon realise he was quite good at it, too. What he made people liked.

And upon entering local awards he’d pick up accolades as a result. “Wow, people like what I’m doing so maybe there might be something in this,” he recalls.

One such beer he’d produce in his homebrewing capacity was Temptation Red Ale, an American-style Red that has gone on to become the most awarded beer Boxing Rock has released.

“As a homebrewer you just want to keep experimenting,” he says. “At first you’re trying to emulate something that you bought at the store and then you try some recipes that you read online, or in a book, and then you try and modify them to suit your own tastes.

“With the beer that became Temptation Red Ale, I brewed it primarily because I was short of ingredients. I had a couple of malts and bag of Cascade hops. And that was it and like, oh, well, I’m just going to make a beer with what I’ve got. It’s going to be a single-hop beer and I’ll do my best.

“I read about this continuous hopping process so I knew I wanted to try that. It turned out well and we’re still making it today!”

Conversations between the duo would progress and they would exchange ideas over the course of 2011, strategising how to build that business. And in 2012 Pedro would make the move. A year executing said plan would follow and in the June of 2013, Boxing Rock would release its first beer in the form of The Vicar’s Cross a Double IPA.

And now, in 2022, they boast a production brewery that comprises a 15 bbl steam brewhouse and a mixture of 15 bbl, 30 bbl and 45 bbl fermentation tanks. They make a wide variety of beer styles, both traditional and innovative. “We are engineers first and design our beer carefully, and then we craft it with love and attention to detail to ensure you the best possible craft beer experience, wherever you enjoy it,” he says.

Alongside their production setup is an outpost in Halifax and also a taproom located on 218 Water Street in Shelburne, which offers delicious food that complements their beers. You can book beer experiences, learn about beer and even throw an axe if you’re so inclined.

The taproom is indicative of how the brewery has grown from its humble roots. “The taproom is only ten minutes walks from the brewery but it meant we could have a great patio, seat 120 people and really put on events for the community, all while freeing up the brewery for production,¨explains Pedro.

While the brewery setup has changed, by choice, since 2013, there are other aspects of the business where Pedro, Cowin and the team have had to bow to market conditions. One of these being the way the brewery packages some of its beer. And it’s an area Pedro is incredibly passionate about.

“When we were planning this brewery, there were zero plans to ever put a beer into a can. Why? Because it didn’t make any sense to us. It didn’t make sense environmentally, it didn’t make sense from a quality standpoint and it didn’t make sense from a financial standpoint,” says Pedro.

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He adds: “And when we discussed what type of bottle we were going to use, there was no hesitation that we’d use the 341 millilitre industry standard bottle, because that is a rewashable, reusable container. It gets returned, it gets rewashed, it gets refilled.

So right from the get go that was the plan.

“But over the last decade or so the market has really shifted towards cans. We’ve tried to stick with the bottles for the longest time because we have a strong commitment, and we have a moral position, one we put forward to the public that it was our moral position.

really on the wall. With supermarkets also able to sell beer, and them only wanting cans, then you have a decision to make.”

In moving to canning its beer, Boxing Rock wanted to take a different moral position.

“Something that is probably detrimental to us,” says Pedro with a wry smile.

“From research we have found out that sleeved cans are not recyclable. They go into the recycling stream, and they contaminate that stream because they’re a can that’s wrapped in plastic that weighs 20 times more than the ink that is on a printed can,” he explains.

“I still stand by those commitments. The problem is the market doesn’t agree. The market thinks that cans are superior. The market thinks that cans are more environmentally friendly. I still don’t agree with that.

The only thing I agree with is that consumers are preferring their beer in cans and the retailers have made it abundantly clear that is what they want.”

“And if that incoming stream gets contaminated then guess what? The incoming stream goes to landfill instead. We have a strong moral position in that regard so we will never fill a sleeved can and sometimes that’s to our detriment, because there’s only two companies that do digital printing in Eastern Canada.”

Pedro adds that buying decisions from the LCBO have also meant the brewery has had to switch its path. “About eight years ago they said they are not taking any new product in glass and with that, the writing is

He adds: “And if you want printed cans done commercially then you have to buy a minimum of say a truckload and in some suppliers are raising that minimum to three truckloads. And three truckloads repre-

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sents about 400,000 cans. For a small producer like us that could be say two years worth of supply. Where exactly do you put all of that?”

This situation has seen the brewery turn to new technology that enables the production of short-run digitally printed cans from a supplier in Quebec. These complement the three truckloads of other cans they previously procured. “Yeah we’re still grinding through those…”

Canned output complements some of Boxing Rock´s bottled range of beers from its barrel-ageing programme. Beers often bottled with a cork and cage. “They look really cool and help elevate the premium product within,” he says.

As a brewery nearly 10 years young, Boxing Rock caters for many types of drinker.

From the casual to the critical. And Pedro enjoys the diverse ways these types of consumer differ in their approach to this beloved beverage.

“For me, the craft beer drinker in Nova Scotia typically seems to be a collector.

They want to try every beer they can find and then brag about it on social media and

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various apps,” he laughs. “Then there is another subset that only drink IPAs. You like IPAs? Well, we make a pretty damn good one. But if someone else is making a new one that week well guess what, you’re not making that sale to them during that week.”

Then, Pedro explains, there are other types too.

“You also have moderate drinkers that have settled into the brewery and beer they know they like. There are people that come into the taproom and buy two growlers of Temptation Red every week, they never waiver. Or one patron that has two IPAs each time then goes home. While another only wants bitter. And you will know if they think something has changed in any given batch, that’s for sure!”

But Pedro encourages and welcomes opinion in beer. He likes that people care, and they are willing to debate and discuss the finer details of beer and brewing. And there is one particular beer that always proves to be a polarising product at Boxing Rock.

“Our annual pumpkin beer is called Fuego.

It’s not your usual pumpkin beer because it

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features black pepper and habanero. Three years in a row is sells out. There are equal amounts of people that line up for it, while others think it is the most god awful thing they’ve ever tried!”

He adds: “One year someone posted on Facebook that Fuego was the most horrible thing they’ve ever put in their mouth and it went down the drain. Someone replied with a photo of their recycling container featuring 12 empty cans of it. We had a good laugh about that one.”

Pedro has no problem with people having different palates, that’s life. But he believes that people should also strive for quality, too. “People in Nova Scotia respect well-made local products. I always tell people ´Don’t buy it because it’s local, buy it because it’s good and then buy it again if you want.´ Nobody wants to be committed to buying local crap for the sake of it.”

And as its 10th anniversary approaches, it’s fair to say that nobody is buying Boxing Rock beers purely because they’re local.

You don’t get to the 10 year mark by luck, that’s for sure. And the good folk at Taste of Nova Scotia would agree.

The Taste of Nova Scotia work with more than 200 businesses that are committed to showcasing exceptional local culinary products and experiences and in 2022, Boxing Rock scooped the prestigious accolade of ´Producer of the Year´ “We are thrilled to be recognized by Taste of Nova Scotia with this award,” says Emily Cowin, “Our commitment to quality, customer experience and our community has always felt so aligned with the work that Taste of Nova Scotia does, and we have been proud members of Taste for many years. It is such an honour to be named Producer of the Year.”

It’s an award that helps validate the hard work Cowin, Pedro and the team have put in during this last decade. It just won’t be giving them ideas above their station, either.

“I’m sure the team are planning lots of ways to celebrate our anniversary next year, and I’m glad because I don’t really deal with that stuff,” he smiles. “For me, I’m more proud that we have a team of 24 working at Boxing Rock. I spend my time waking up thinking about the 23 other people I need to pay.

It’s a responsibility but it’s also a blessing.

I know that.”

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TECHNOLOGY

TUBING

LETTING GO OF THE PAST

IS THIS THE BEGINNING OF THE END FOR PVC AND BRASS? HERE DAN BROADDUS, A TECHNICAL ADVISOR AT CANADIAN BEVERAGE SUPPLY, MASTER DRAFT BEER DISPENSE TECHNICIAN AND WHEAT BEER ENTHUSIAST EXPLAINS ALL.

Yet still, why bother? The faucets and shanks, which is where the beer enters and exits the box, are often made of Chromed Brass. By now, the chrome has long since been dissolved by chlorinated Cleaners and the natural acidity of the product.

a science mistrusting, flat Earth, Moon is Cheese, type, or any combination thereof, I trust we can all agree on one basic principle: Beer should taste like beer. It should taste good, and to enough people, that you can sell enough of it, to keep the lights on.

The exposed brass is sloughing off a fine silt of red or black residue which causes your beer to taste like it was filtered through a pocket full of change. If you are wondering why your events don’t seem to equal sales, I will give you one guess as to the cause.

Beer should not taste like a tea made from Soldier’s Boot Socks. NoWe agree that copper and nickel flavoured lager is not what we are aiming for. How would you even market that? “Vampire Lager! If you like beer that tastes like fizzy blood, It’s to die for!” Ugh!

However, have no fear. There are alternatives. Some are new [at least to beer], and some are old, but finally competitive in price, and not just cost. Whether you are a Sciency brewer, with degrees in Microbiology, and organic chemistry, or you are a holistic brewer, trusting your palette, or

The alternative for the metal issue has been around longer than I have been in the business. It is very simple. If a component is Metal, and it touches your beer, It should be made of 300 series Stainless Steel, and Preferably 304 or 316 alloys specifically.

O

h, the Horror! The Jockey box went into storage after Halloween, and now St Patrick’s Day is coming. Do you think, just this once, they actually cleaned it before they chucked it into the storage?

Not a chance, pal. You, my friend, get to attempt to remove a 120 ft long Scoby[Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast, if you are unfamiliar with Kombucha or Jun] from your Stainless steel coil and pvc jumper tubing.

And really, with the plastic, it’s better to start fresh... kind of. It is, after all, PVC tubing [A.K.K Vinyl: Poly-vinyl Chloride] contains hardeners and phthalates that, according to ever mounting evidence, disrupt hormones in our bodies. These disruptions can affect sexual development, sexual function, metabolism, growth, skelatal and muscular density, and injury recovery, among other items. Not that any two of those aren’t enough.

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This includes the Keg Coupler, the shanks that pass beer in and out of the cooler, or a beer fridge, or a Beer dispense head. It includes the faucet, and all its internal parts.

It also includes all the metal splices, brackets and devices inside the cooler that are made of metal, which also touch your beer, cider, or other beverage. 303 Stainless is widely used, but one might run into issues with product of a lower ph, such as Sours, Cider, Shandy, Wine, Radler, or with cocktails that use Sweet Sodas or Juices.

Extreme low PH can cause 303 Stainless to rust. The cost difference between 303 and 304 is negligible. Most of the time, the savings enjoyed by the manufacturer is not even passed down to the consumer.

The less savvy consumer sees 300 series Stainless and is appeased, but for the 1-3% in price is well worth the reward in longevity, versatility, and peace of mind. Many of us have heard the saying that hope is not a strategy, but I like to sound educated, so I found a famous quotation that really drives the sentiment, “He that lives on hope will die fasting.” - Benjamin Franklin.

As for the PVC issue, this is the innovation.

Ladies, Gentlemen, Neither, both or Apathetically inclined, I present to you TPE, or ThermoPlastic Elastomer.

It seems like a really tough silicone, but is less heat resistant. What matters to you and I - the marrow and the gist, friends is that TPE tubing, once tweaked for use in Beverage, possesses all the abilities of PVC/Vinyl, and eliminates the aforementioned negatives. In fact, it surpasses vinyl, and even Nylon-11 based barrier tubes, in several respects.

It has amazing resistance to gas and flavour permeation, which vinyl does not. While not quite as good as Nylon-11®, TPE is more than adequate for beverages, insofar

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as resistance to gas and flavour permeation are concerned. Where TPE excels is in two specific areas.

First, is in Flexibility and resistance to kinks.

Second, it is much more resistant to ethyl alcohol. Nylon-11® is only rated for alcohol contents up to 17% or 18% by volume. TPE is rated to 50%, but only because it hasn’t yet been tested at higher percentages. Since Distilled Spirits usually run between 70 and 90 Proof, or 35%-45% ABV, TPE is the first universal tube for use in Beverage tower construction.

You can use any line for any beverage, including notorious flavour tainters, like Cherry Sours, red wine, ciders, shandy and radler, coffee, root beer, aspartame, and many more. The only thing I am fearful of, and testing will happen soon, are Juniper [i.e. Gin] and Sage. I am rooting for TPE, especially since it defeated Diet Rootbeer.

Beer should taste like beer. It should taste good, and to enough people, that you can sell enough of it, to keep the lights on,” Dan Broaddus

And not just a simple fill and flush. I packed the line at 50 PSI, with a High Grade Diet Root Beer. I then left it in a windowsill for 6 weeks, where it got regular sun exposure, and temperatures fluctuated from 2°C/30°C. I removed the rootbeer/liquorice smell and taste with my weakest “no-rinse” powder cleaner. The Aspertame came out with a 10-minute soak of T.M. Dasana Max ™ powder mixed at the equivalent of a 1.33% caustic solution. If it was unlined LDPE [regular beer tube] or Vinyl [Polyvinyl Chloride/ PVC], no amount of chemical would ever get either smell or taste out of the plastic without utterly destroying it.

a semi-rigid tube that has a higher burst rating and a thinner wall than TPE can reasonably achieve, as yet. Two other innovations can help us here.

The other major issue with Nylon liners is that, like Teflon® on a skillet, the bond between the Nylon® and the PE tube is not always the best, and varies from one manufacturer to the next. Unfortunately, Nylon-11®, as resins go, is a bit pricey, so the idea of an entire tube made only from Nylon, would price out of the market very quickly. TPE cannot completely fill the void, unfortunately. For long runs, you still need

While it is not yet proven to be a better or worse gas/oxygen barrier as Nylon Barriers, it is as good a Flavour Barrier, is more durably bonded, and, like TPE, can handle High ABV. In fact, PolyPropylene can handle pure ethanol, and so, can be utilized for those few liquors exceeding 100 Proof. It is also possible that TPE can handle more than 50%, but it has not been tested, to date, that I am aware of.

Polished LDPE, when done correctly, can yield a surface, that is as smooth or smoother than Nylon Barrier. If a system is well cleaned and maintained, and you avoid extreme flavours, this is a cost-effective alternative that is readily available.

There is also some really exiting innovation happening in Guelph Ontario. The folks at Onyx have a Polypropylene Barrier tube available, that is making waves.

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The resistance to advancements, such as these, and really, in most things, are always the same. Price, shifts in application and methodology, retooling, and “if it ain’t broke.”

Price is easy, as I always argue back cost.

There is a difference. A PVC tube should be replaced every 12-24 months, no matter how well you clean it.Tpe Lasts for 3-5 years, and counting. One earlier player in TPE, Eldon James, has a Keg Dropline set at a Craft Brewery in Colorado, that has been in place 6 years To this day, with every cleaning, the line looks new, and has not absorbed flavour or smell. TPE is slightly less than twice the price of vinyl, but lasts at least twice as long. It also delivers a better tasting, and less contaminated product. “Cheaper” when measured against time, nearly always loses.

When it comes to Stainless vs Brass, the arguments listed above are also relevant, and even more so, as the price disparity is less extreme, on average. Stainless faucets trend around 50% more costly than Chromed Brass, and with shanks, the average is more like 30%. Keg couplers are all over the map, but if I average it out, It is about 40%. In some instances of the most popular models, we are starting to see Stainless beat out Chromed Brass, in price.

There has always been a bit of a paradox here, at face value. Stainless steel material stock is roughly 30%-50% the cost of brass, and sometimes even less, when copper gets high. The primary reasons brass has remained less expensive are volume, and cost of manufacture. Brass is relatively soft and easy to work, compared to stainless.

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The bits and dies used to cut and hone brass last a long time, and less energy is needed to accomplish the finishing of brass. However, bits and tools to cut stainless, are getting better, and factories are growing more efficient.

Brass continues to get more expensive, due to the high copper content. The chroming and plating process is growing in cost as regulations and cost of transport of the chemicals required also grows. And finally, as more and more people buy Stainless, the economy of scale begins to swing from the old to the new. It is to the point where stainless steel fittings and shanks are often cheaper, or have at least achieved parity with Brass, due to weight, or method of manufacture.

And the most important reason we should be saying goodbye to PVC, Chrome and Brass, at least for applications that involve direct contact with dispensed product, is because It is the best thing for the beer. As a Draught equipment technician, serving my customer is secondary to serving the beer, because serving the beer ensures the customer is served in every way that matters. They get the cleanest and purest product, built in flexibility and adaptive features, and a lower cost of ownership, resulting in a faster return on investment.

When I speak to Restaurateur customers about beer and dispense equipment, I am constantly referring to Beer and other bulk beverage product as food, or in the same terms used for food and food safety… because Beer is Food. And unlike the Salad, and the Ribeye, the Beer will pay for the

equipment that dispenses it within months, or even weeks.

How many entrees does it take to pay for a Cook top? What is the margin on a large entree Salad, vs the time of prep, and the average # of send backs? Last, if I go to a Brew Pub or Ale House, and the grill or fryer is broken, I order something else. If the Draft is down, or tastes like crap, I leave.

As members of the Brewing community, simple things like quality, clean tubing and stainless steel faucets and Shanks can mean the world, to the impression your beer makes in a location. Simple glances at the faucets, couplers, and the beer lines in the cooler can warn you if the customer will present your product in the best light, or whether you might make them a Bottle and Cans account. Don’t let Ignorance, apathy, or excessive frugality speak for your brand. Give it the best chance you can to allow it to speak for Itself.

Thanks for your time. Cheers.

Dan Broaddus.

Photos Courtesy of Draft Beer WTF on Instagram @draftbeerwtf I can be found on Blogspot and Twitter @draughtismycraft, but articles found in this Publication will remain exclusive for at least 6 months, during which time the article may only be reprinted with the expressed permission of this publication, Its affiliated media, and the author.

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