Local Development Plan - Technical Supplement 10 - Appendix E - Candidate Sensitive Landscape Report

Local Development Plan 2030

Technical Supplement 10 Appendix E - Candidate Sensitive Landscape Report September 2019

www.midandeastantrim.gov.uk/planning

Contents 1.0

Page No Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1

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Role of Designations.......................................................................................................................1

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Landscape Character Assessment .................................................................................................1

3.0

Objectives .......................................................................................................................................1

4.0

Methodology ...................................................................................................................................1

5.0

Existing Development Plan Designations ........................................................................................3

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Proposed candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas ............................................................................5

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas – Statements of Landscape Valve ................................................6 Maps..........................................................................................................................................................92

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Introduction

The LCA forms part of the evidence base for Mid and East Antrim Borough Councils Local Plan and is designed to be used both as a tool to guide development to be in sympathy with local variations in landscape character, and to help inform land management activities to conserve and enhance the special qualities of the landscapes of Mid and East Antrim. It is important to recognise that this LCA does not set out policy, but provides an evidence base to inform decision-making in the Local Plan or more widely, around policy change, development and landscape management.

The use of non-statutory designations to protect areas of landscape, such as Special Landscape Areas (SLAs) has long been a policy tool within the UK planning system. They have been seen by local planning authorities as a means of protecting sensitive landscapes and developing an understanding and awareness of those features and characteristics that give local areas a sense of place.

Designation of our landscapes and the identification of their special intrinsic qualities helps to inform their future management through the formulation of planning policy and management plans and assists in the promotion and recognition of their social, economic and environmental value.

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The objectives of this Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas (cSLA) Report are as follows:

Mid and East Antrim includes some of the most outstanding landscapes in Northern Ireland. The special qualities of parts of its landscape are recognised through the national level designation of the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB, while others are encompassed by local level designations. The landscape is characterised by a unique mix of coast, farmland, moorland, forest and woodlands and river valleys. Within this broad pattern of landscape character, there are very important variations in local landscape character and quality. Individual glens, rivers, hills, lowland valleys and settlements have strong, distinctive and important relationships with neighbouring landscapes and areas.

The SPPS notes that some areas of the countryside exhibit exceptional landscapes where the quality of the landscape and unique amenity value is such that development should only be permitted in exceptional circumstances. It states that, where appropriate, these areas may be designated as Special Countryside Areas with appropriate policies to ensure their protection from unnecessary and inappropriate development.

The purpose of this assessment is to assess a number of discrete areas within Mid and East Antrim which are considered to have ‘exceptional’ and ‘distinctive’ landscape features worthy of protection and undertake a review of existing landscape designations to determine whether they properly identify and define the most valued landscapes within the Borough.

Role of Designations The primary role of Sensitive Landscape Area designations can be seen to be as follows;  

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To safeguard important landscapes and landscape features which are valued and may have limited capacity to accept change, and To promote understanding and awareness of the distinctive character and special qualities of the landscapes found within MEA.

Landscape Character Assessment MEA Landscape Character Assessment has allowed a broader 'all-landscapes' approach to be adopted in reviewing our landscape assets. This has been greatly assisted by the development of Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) techniques and the programme of Landscape Character Assessment which has covered all of Northern Ireland and has systematically classified landscapes according to type throughout the country.

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To define and implement a clear methodology for identifying candidate SLAs based upon the approach set out in Guidance on Local Landscape Designations.1

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To assess the landscape to identify areas that may merit protection and areas that do not, based on a systematic and transparent approach for defining proposed areas for designation.

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To review the existing suite of designations.

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To identify through this process a series of ‘cSLAs, which will be the subject of public consultation as part of the Plan Strategy, and

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To provide a Statement of Landscape Value for each candidate area, setting out a full justification for their selection, including description of their character, qualities and value of the proposed areas, and identification of justifiable boundaries.

This report does not define or advise on the policy wording to be applied within any of the cSLAs, should they be adopted in the future.

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Objectives

Methodology A ‘blank canvas’ review of landscape across Mid and East Antim has been undertaken, allowing consideration of all landscapes across the borough, including areas currently covered by other landscape-based designations. The review has been carried out broadly in accordance with the 2006 HS/SNH Guidance on Local Landscape Designations (but updated where relevant with the 2017 draft guidance). The study has been undertaken in two stages; an initial evaluation of all landscapes within Mid and East Antrim resulting in the definition of candidate areas for local designation undertaken principally as a desk exercise; and a more detailed assessment of candidate areas involving field work to define boundaries and landscape qualities and preparation of Statements of Importance.

Landscape Baseline The landscape baseline was based on the current landscape character assessment which have been undertaken for Mid and East Antrim and defined as a series of discrete landscape units (listed in Technical Supplement 10 - Appendix C - Candidate Sensitive Landscape Scoring Matrix), each of which was individually evaluated.

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Gathering of other baseline data also took place at this stage, including material relevant to each of the criteria. This included information on habitats, geodiversity, cultural heritage and other relevant designations.

Quantitative Evaluation of the Landscape The quantitative evaluation represents a systematic, criteria-based assessment of the relative values of each landscape unit. The criteria represent a range of aspects of landscape which may help identify an area which is considered worthy of designation. They are therefore designed to identify those aspects of Mid and East Antrim felt would merit designation as cSLAs. The process of defining criteria begins with the suggested aspects of landscape set out in the Guidance on Local Landscape Designations. These are presented as “aspects of landscape character” and “landscape qualities” (pp.15-16).

Key Steps and Criteria Used to Establish candidate Sensitive Landscape Area A robust approach to enabling the identification of discreet candidate ‘sensitive landscape areas’ within areas of exceptional/high landscape or scenic quality is to set criteria that can ‘explain’ and ‘justify’ why these areas have been identified as a cSLA’s. To enable a detailed analysis to be undertaken to distinguish between LCAs and discreet areas within LCAs. A five-step approach was followed: Step 1: Defining Selection Criteria2 – establishing defensible and clearly justified criteria against which the Boroughs landscape were judged, ensuring that a consistent process was followed in considering what areas should be brought forward as candidate SLAs. Drawing on published guidance on Local Landscape Designations, a list of evaluation criteria was developed. These criteria represent aspects of the landscape which contribute to high-quality or particularly valued landscapes.

Yes

Scenic Quality (AONB/ASQ)

Yes

Visually Exposed/Prominent Landscape Features (Ridgelines/ Headlands/ Hills/ Slopes/ Floodplains/ Coastal Shoreline) that are highly distinctive and/or highly significant for the setting of landmark features/ escarpments/ settlements

Yes

Distinctive features that contribute significantly to the setting of a settlement(s) (e.g. river corridor/ woodland/ prominent features of visual importance)

Yes

Sites of Natural Heritage Conservation Importance (international/national significance)

Yes

Historic Environment Features - significant contribution to landscape value of the whole Area of Highest Landscape Value, or a significant part thereof (ASAI/ State Care Monument/ Scheduled Monuments/ Historic Park, Garden and Demesne/ Significant groups of Listed Buildings/Conservation Area/Landmark Listed Structures)

Yes

Unique Amenity Value (Significant Community/Recreation/Tourism resource and/or highly significant cultural associations)

Yes

TOTAL (Number of criteria satisfied)

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Step 2: Research and desk studies – study of existing and/ or new studies, GIS information etc.

Step 3: Establishing Broad Search Areas – following on from the Landscape Character Assessment Report a number of potential areas where identified through the application and evaluation of the selection criteria. A systematic evaluation of the landscape was undertaken, using the criteria to develop a picture of the relative quality of different parts of the area. The evaluation was carried out using pre-defined ‘landscape units’, representing areas of distinct landscape character.

Based on the outcome of the evaluation, the landscape units which performed best against the agreed criteria were selected for further analysis. This allowed the review process to move away from the pre-defined landscape units towards areas of potential designation.

The criteria that were used to inform the study; Table 1 – Example of Discrete Landscape Identification Scoring Matrix

LCA 52 Discrete Landscape Area Identified Lough Beg and fringe area and Lower Bann River Corridor (south of Portglenone) Criteria

High Landscape Quality (AONB/ASQ/Scenic River Corridor/Significant Area covered

by Site of Nature Conservation Importance)

Criteria Satisfied

Step 4: Research and desk studies – further study of existing and/ or new studies, GIS information.

Defining criteria for candidate SLA Designations To ensure robustness, areas of the Boroughs landscape judged to be considered for candidate SLA designation were identified using a clear set of criteria following national best practice, upon which evidence is presented through the Statement of Landscape Value.

This study developed a number of ‘landscape evaluation’ criteria to assist in the selection of potential areas for candidate SLAs. These criteria are considered for each candidate SLA with a requirement of a minimum threshold of five criterion being met to be considered for further study and analysis. The criteria are carefully designed to ensure that areas considered for SLA designation are based on clear need, that they represent ‘special’ and ‘distinctive’ landscapes in their own right, whilst also meeting the overall strategic criteria of providing additional protection (above and beyond standard policy) to sensitive and locally valued landscapes within the Borough.

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‘Landscape sensitivity’ is the extent to which a landscape can accommodate change of a particular type and scale without unacceptable adverse effects on its character (Natural England, 2014). This criterion was considered to be a useful tool to assess the landscape/scenic quality of each LCA, or part thereof, within the Council area and as a method of ‘broadly’ identifying candidate sensitive landscape areas within these LCAs. ‘Landscape Sensitivity’ was assessed with regard to the following 3 factors: • • •

Landscape Character Sensitivity Visual Sensitivity Landscape Value (see LCA Methodology Stage 4 – Section 9)

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Step 5: Evaluation Process – This evaluation stage involved the further review of each landscape unit. The evaluation was based on both desk study and on field surveys. Information on each landscape unit was drawn from available baseline material including the Landscape Character Assessment. For each of the landscape units, a standard evaluation sheet was completed in the field, to record information relating to each criterion. Each landscape unit was scored as high, medium or low in relation to each of the agreed criteria and justification for this was provided in a text description.

An evaluation sheet, incorporating site-based and desk-based information, for each of the 40 landscape units is included Technical Supplement 10 - Appendix C - Candidate Sensitive Landscape Scoring Matrix.

The evaluation enabled a series of comparisons between the various landscape units, based on each individual criterion, identifying those which scored higher or lower against each aspect. To simplify this comparison, the ranks assigned under each criterion were converted into numerical values and combined to give an overall “score” to each landscape unit.

Step 6: Refining candidate SLAs – spatially distinct areas considered to have landscape significance were identified and refined by more detailed desk-based work and field survey and were assessed further against a number of criteria as outlined. These areas were initially defined as ‘core areas’ of landscape quality, and nine were selected for further examination against practical considerations, as recommended by Guidance on Local Landscape Designations. This included detailed study of potential boundaries, which were drawn, where possible, along identifiable features in the landscape, such as roads, railways, field boundaries, streams and ridge lines. Where there is a lack of obvious features, it has been necessary to move outwards and to include areas of lower merit, rather than to move inwards and Step 7: Preparing Statements of Landscape Value – a ‘Statement of Landscape Value’ will be produced for each area identified which will include a description of the landscape, justification and proposed designation description.

Step 8: Boundary Refinement - The process of boundary identification is based on the definition of robust and defensible boundaries. The choice of boundary feature will be determined by the options available and the best fit these have with the reasons for which the area is being designated. The following criteria have been identified to guide boundary selection: • • •

•

•

Identify where key characteristics of the landscape e.g. landform and land cover change and look to the nearest physical boundary.

Where there are variations in quality within an LCA move inwards from areas of lower quality.

Consider the role of the physical relationship of the candidate area in relation to quality of other adjacent LCAs and in creating a ‘logical’ and cohesive area for designation and in providing a setting for the understanding and appreciation of a landscape.

Boundaries will be chosen to be robust and clearly identifiable on the ground, and where possible associated with a prominent physical landscape feature, such as road, watercourse or field boundary Landscape Value (see LCA Methodology Stage 4 – Section 9)

Step 9: Spatially Define and Designate Sensitive Landscape Areas and Policies – spatially define the cLSA as part of the Draft Plan Strategy and complete Draft Landscape Policies and associated Supplementary Guidance (if any).

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Existing Development Plan Designations Landscape designations are not necessarily permanent fixtures, neither are the judgements made on the character of local landscapes or the qualities or approaches used for the selection of specific areas for landscape designations. They may need to be reviewed during subsequent development planning cycles. In particular, the effectiveness of the landscape designation in landscape protection and the management of the area, and any role it may have in promoting wider social and economic objectives of the local authority, should be examined.

The review of existing landscape designations has been undertaken in conjunction with the work which has been completed to update the evidence base as contained within the Northern Ireland Landscape Character Assessment (NILCA 2000), the Larne Area Plan, Ballymena Area Plan and those designations within the Carrickfergus section of BMAP 2004.

It has been found that the rationale for the identification of Areas of Scenic Quality (ASQ) in NILCA 2000 and other designations as contained within the existing Development Plan documents is somewhat unclear. Existing designations do not have statements of importance and the criteria (if any) applied to their selection are not fully described in either the NILCA 2000 or within the Development Plan documents or associated Technical Supplements. Furthermore, these designated landscapes do not clearly correspond to all areas in Mid and East Antrim which display the intrinsic qualities associated with exceptional landscapes.

The objective of the review of existing designations is to ensure that there is a consistent and objective approach applied to identifying landscapes which have the intrinsic qualities associated with exceptional landscapes and which have been previously been designated as landscapes which merit additional protection. Areas suited to designation are to be clearly defined ‘on the ground’, and their special qualities well understood. The areas adopted for designation, along with their statements of importance, will support the policies and objectives of the Council, as expressed in the Local Development Plan and Supplementary Guidance. Consultation on proposed designated areas will be included in the wider LDP consultation exercise.

Shortcomings and uncertainties around the selection process of the existing landscape designations leads to an approach which looks beyond existing designated areas. The updating of the NILCA 2000 landscape character assessment provides an opportunity to undertake a review of all areas of landscape character, and to consider their qualities against designation criteria.

The designation criteria adopted for this assessment are those described in Table1, and scores against criteria are made using a simple 7-point assessment. Evaluation is undertaken on the basis of landscape character areas, identifying those which might form the core of a designated area.

Landscape character areas with attributes making them potentially suited to designation are identified according to the degree to which they fulfil selection criteria. In general, these are areas scoring ‘high’ five or more of the assessment criteria. It should be noted that a rigid mathematical ‘scoring’ is not adopted, as the weighting applied to a single criterion may vary depending on the qualities of the landscape in question. The final evaluation and shortlisting of candidate areas is made with a narrative justification.

Landscape character areas form a convenient and well understood basis for undertaking the designation review. However, it is recognised that designated areas often encompass more than one 3

area of landscape character, and parts of otherwise unexceptional landscapes may contribute to wider special landscape qualities. This is taken into account in the drawing of AoHSV boundaries, which do not necessarily correspond to those of LCAs, and when designation boundaries require clear on the ground definition to avoid ambiguity.

there is a general presumption against mineral development in such areas, any review of extensive designations in the emerging Plan should carefully consider the scope for some mineral development that avoids key sites and that would not unduly compromise the integrity of the area as a whole (e.g. AONB), or threaten to undermine the rationale for the designation.

Current local landscape designations within the Borough originate from the Ballymena Area Plan 2001, Larne Area Plan 2010, Draft Belfast Metropolitan Plan 2015 and NILCA2000 which have designated one Special Countryside Area (SPA), one BMA Coastal Area, and an Area of Constraint on Mineral Development, two Rural Landscape Wedges, two Areas of High Scenic Quality and 16 Local Landscape Policy Areas. There are associated development plan policies for landscape protection based on these areas. Nevertheless, there is no original written citation or justification for some of these areas, boundaries are sometimes difficult to relate to features on the ground and in recent years extensive cumulative development, including housing, roads and windfarms has taken place or been consented in or adjacent to some of these areas. All of this raises questions as to their robustness, suggesting that a review process of existing designations should be carried out. The following section of this report provides details relating to the existing Development Plan designations within the Borough.

The only existing Areas of Constraint on Mineral Development in the borough are designated in the Larne Area Plan 2010 and incorporates the Special Countryside Area along the Coast Road, in the Glens and that portion of the Garron Plateau which is included within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB, there are two small areas of designated protection located within the Larne Basalt Mooreland LCA. It should be noted that there are no Areas of Constraint on Mineral Development designated in the extant Ballymena Area Plan 1986 -2001 as this type of designation was introduced after that area plan was adopted.

1) Countryside Policies and Designations - Countryside Policy Areas (CPA’s) were designated by the Department under policy GB/CPA1 of the Planning Strategy for Rural Northern Ireland (PSRNI) to protect areas of countryside under pressure from development; the visual amenity of areas of landscape quality and to maintain the rural character of the countryside.

The Larne Area Plan 2010 designated the coastal land between Larne and Garron Point as the ‘Undeveloped Coast CPA’ in recognition of its significant landscape and amenity value and vulnerability to development pressure. This policy only permits development that is of such national or regional importance as to outweigh any potential detrimental impact to the coastal environment and where no feasible alternative site existed within the urban area. Following publication of PPS21 –‘Sustainable Development in the Countryside’ in 2010, new policy provisions took precedence over CPAs designated in existing statutory Area Plans. However the Undeveloped Coast CPA as identified in the Larne Area Plan 2010 was one of 5 exceptions throughout Northern Ireland where the original Area Plan CPA policies are retained. These designations are now changed in title to Special Countryside Areas. Refer to Candidate SLA 07 Statement of Landscape Value.

2) Belfast Metropolitan Area coastline extends for approximately 80 kms from Blackhead Cliffs in the former Carrickfergus Borough to beyond Ballymacormick Point in North Down and is protected by the BMA Coastal Area Designation (COU 2) as designated in BMAP, Within MEA Borough it includes all coastal areas, with the exception of the Urban Waterfront at Carrickfergus. The Policy only allows planning permission to be granted where development proposals are of such national or regional importance as to outweigh any detrimental impact on the coastal environment; or it can be demonstrated that any proposal will not harm the qualities of the coastal landscape, while still protecting nature conservation value. Further information can be found within Candidate SLA 07 - Statement of Landscape Value of this report.

3) Areas of Constraint on Mineral Development (ACMD) designated in Development Plans identify areas to be protected from mineral development because of their intrinsic landscape, amenity, scientific or heritage value (including natural, built and archaeological heritage). Whilst

These areas are identified as being the most scenically valuable parts of the AONB within the Plan area and include coastal fringes, the glens, the Garron Plateau and areas of woodland and bogland. The ACMD also includes tracts of land falling within broader areas designated for their natural heritage importance (including Special Protection Areas (SPA), Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) and Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) designations). The ACMD also includes an Area of Significant Archaeological Interest (ASAI) designated by the Larne Area Plan at Knockdhu. The limestone quarry at Munie Road, Glenarm is the only working quarry within the ACMD. A review of the landscape quality within the ACMD is contained within Larne Coast; Larne Coast; Moyle Glens; Garron Plateau; Larne Glens; Larne Basalt Moorland and Central Ballymena Glens Statements of Landscape Value.

4) Rural Landscape Wedges- the RDS seeks to protect and enhance the network of open spaces in the BMUA, through a network “consisting of country parks, landscape wedges, parks and community greenways”. Rural Landscape Wedges are seen as contributing to this green network and have a particular role in preventing the coalescence of separate urban areas so as to help maintain their distinctive identities. The following landscape wedges fall within the MEA Borough and are designated in BMAP.  CE 03 is designated to the west of Greenisland between Jordanstown, Metropolitan Newtownabbey and Greenisland to distinguish and maintain the separate identities of these 3 areas, preventing their merging. Though it also provides an important element in defining and protecting the setting of Greenisland and Metropolitan Newtownabbey.  CE 04 is designated between Carrickfergus and Greenisland to distinguish and maintain their separate identities by forming a visual break between the two settlements; prevent the merging of the two communities; provide an important element in defining and protecting the setting of Carrickfergus and Greenisland; maintain the rural character of the countryside; and protect the identity and setting of the small settlement of Trooperslane adjacent to Carrickfergus.

Please refer to section Candidate SLA 11 - Statement of Landscape Value of this report for further information.

5) Areas of High Scenic Value (AOHSV) - the RDS aims to protect and enhance the setting of the BMUA and its environmental assets (SFG5). It refers to the significant natural setting surrounded 4

by hills, and the importance of protecting areas of high scenic value from development. AOHSVs were designated to protect Carrickfergus Escarpment and Island Magee). NILCA 2000 also identifies Areas of Scenic Quality and defines them as landscapes of regional or local importance for their scenic quality. They represent a second tier (below AONBs) in the hierarchy of landscape classifications. The 2 Areas of Scenic Quality are, Carrickfergus Escarpment and Islandmagee. Refer to Candidate SLA 06 - Statement of Landscape Value and Candidate SLA 09 - Statement of Landscape Value for further information.

6) Local Landscape Policy Areas (LLPA’s) - LLPAs are designated by Development Plans in accordance with PPS6 – ‘Planning, Archaeology and the Built Heritage’, to help protect those areas within and/or adjoining settlements which are considered to be of greatest amenity value, landscape quality or local significance and are therefore worthy of protection from undesirable or damaging development. They can include archaeological sites and monuments and their surroundings, listed and other locally important buildings and their surroundings, river banks and shore lines and associated public access and attractive vistas, localised hills and other areas of local amenity importance.

BMAP designated 16 LLPA’s within the former Carrickfergus Borough Council Area These are distributed across the settlements of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and Whitehead. It should be noted however that there are no LLPA’s designated in the extant Ballymena or Larne Area Plans as these types of designations were introduced after those plans were adopted. As LLPA’s are not strategic in nature no review will be undertaken as part of this landscape assessment.

7) Sites of Local Nature Conservation Importance (SLNCI) – 23 sites have been identified and protection of these areas of local nature conservation importance is designated on the basis of their important flora, fauna or earth science features, as they are deemed not strategic in nature no review will be undertaken as part of this landscape assessment.

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Proposed candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas Following on from the assessment undertaken in the Landscape Character Assessment it is considered that when designating a landscape this indicates that these landscapes are of particular merit or value. Therefore, there is a requirement to provide a clear statement of these values which should include the criteria used in the assessment process and a statement of why they are considered important. The following sections of this report provide ‘Statements of Landscape Value’ for the areas as identified in Chapter 7 of the Landscape Character Assessment which are considered to be of exceptional/high landscape or scenic quality.

Ref

Candidate SLA Area

cSLA 01

Larne Coast and Headlands

cSLA 02

Glenarm Glen

cSLA 03

Lough Beg and Lower Bann River corridor

cSLA 04

Larne - Glenarm Ridge and Coastal Lowlands

cSLA 05

Garron Plateau: Eastern Summits, Scarp Slops and Fringes (west and north of Carnlough)

cSLA 06

Islandmagee and Gobbins Coast (Ferris Bay to Whitehead)

cSLA 07

Belfast Lough Shore

cSLA 08

Slemish and Surrounds

cSLA 09

Carrickfergus Escarpment

cSLA 10

Garron Plateau: south-western ridge and hills east of Cargan

cSLA 11

Rural Landscape Wedges (Carrickfergus and Greenisland)

Existing Designations Larne Undeveloped Coast SCA (included within cSLA 01) Area of Constraint on Mineral Development (included within cSLA 01, 02, 04, 05) COU 2

Belfast Metropolitan Area Coastal Designation (COU2) (included within cSLA 07)

CE 03 and CE 04

Rural Landscape Wedges CE03 and CE04 (included within cSLA 11) Areas of High Scenic Value: - Carrickfergus Escarpment (included within cSLA 09) - Islandmagee (included within cSLA 06)

Each section describes one candidate Sensitive Area and has the following format: 1) 2) 3) 4)

Name, reference number and location of the cSLA Landscape and Seascape Character Areas Existing Designations Landscape Significance – defines the natural beauty, character and the special qualities associated with cSLA. 5) Wind and Solar Energy and Single Dwelling Pressure – provides a summary of the existing situation relation to specific development pressures on the landscape with the cSLA. 6) Landscape Designation Justification – provides a summary of the justification for bringing forward the cSLA as a potential landscape designating.

7) Landscape Designation Boundary – a description of boundary and its rationale.

8) Map – map showing the boundary of the proposed cSLA. 9) Photographs – photographs of the typical landscape found within the cSLA. 10) Evaluation Matrix – cSLA elevation matrix based upon the three criteria Landscape Sensitivity, Visual Sensitivity and landscape Value

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Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas – Statements of Landscape Valve

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate SLA 01 - Statement of Landscape Value LOCATION This candidate SLA (cSLA) includes the coastline of the Larne Glens from Garron Point to the northern edge of Larne town and includes Ballygalley Head and the headlands that flank Glenarm. The cSLA falls within the boundaries of LCA 123 and LCA 126 (defined within the NILCA 2000 study). A small section of this cSLA which is adjacent to Straidkilly Wood is located within LCA 117.

Ref: cSLA 01 – Name: Larne Coast and Headlands LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 18 Antrim Plateau and Glens LCA 126 Larne Coast LCA 123 Larne Glens NI Seascape Character Area 10 Southern Glens Coast EXISTING DESIGNATIONS AONB: Antrim Coast and Glens Statutory Nature Reserve: Straidkilly ASSIs: Ballygalley Head; Galboly; Little Deer Park; Minnis and Straidkilly Wood Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Carnfunnock Country Park (registered) Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Cairndhu (supplementary) Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Drumnasole House (registered) Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Garron Tower (supplementary) LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE This cSLA is located within the Antrim Coast and Glens Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) which is a formal statutory designation in recognition of a landscape’s national importance with regard to its’ scenic qualities and nature conservation and heritage value.

The Larne Coast cSLA is relatively narrow coastal strip which follows the A2 Coast Road along the Antrim coast between Garron Point and Larne town. The topography of this lowland area is undulating and the moorland summits and scarp slopes of the Garron Plateau in the north and the Larne Basalt Moorland (LCA 124) in the south provide a striking backdrop for this coastal area. The Larne Glens (Glencloy and Glenarm) are deeply incised valleys that extend inland from the coast rising to the stepped moorland summits. The primary land use in this area is pastoral farmland.

This section of coast has a diverse geology and varying landform that creates dramatic coastal scenery, particularly when these landscape features are viewed in conjunction with the open expanse of the North Channel. These landscape features give this undeveloped coast a wild character, for example, the open sea, rocky shorelines, the backdrop of dramatic basalt cliffs and scarp slopes, exposed undeveloped headlands and areas that exhibit past rock-falls and landslides. The bays along this coastline provide shelter for the settlements of Ballygalley, Carnlough and Glenarm that contrast with open and exposed headlands. Outside of these settlements this coast is sparsely populated and has an undeveloped character.

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas The dramatic Coast Road is confined to a narrow platform (a raised beach), which hugs the coastline with superb seaward views and marked by a distinctive white limestone and dark basalt sea wall. The steep basalt cliffs and rocky headlands provide a sequence of 'gateways' along the coast, framing the views and lending an air of anticipation. On this section of Coast Road the sweeping sand and shingle beaches and long distance views of the Larne glen slopes (those slopes closest to the coast) add to the visual interest.

This coastal strip contains numerous important natural heritage sites whose features add value and interest to this area. The slopes below the Garron Plateau comprise large rotational landslides that form a major feature of the Antrim Coast. The rocks at Garron Point are dark basalt on top of white limestone and when the ice of the last ice age retreated the steep cliffs slipped on the mud below creating the present form of Garron Point. Here, the vertical basalt cliffs rise to over 200m and provide ideal conditions for a large number of rare plants, mosses, lichens, fungi and invertebrates (see Galboly ASSI citation document). Straidkilly Wood ASSI is an extensive area of semi-natural habitat for woodland animals, including Badger and breeding birds. Little Deer Park ASSI which is located to the south-east of Glenarm has species-rich grassland (a rare habitat in NI) and a number of scarce plant species. Minnis ASSI, located to the south-east of Little Deer Park, represents the best example of an active mudflow in NI and this site has yielded an extremely diverse range of fossils. Ballygalley Head ASSI has been designated because of its species-rich dry grassland and important grassland fungi. Within this cSLA, significant areas of woodland are found at Carnfunnock Country Park, Cairndhu House, Drumnasole House and Garron Tower (NI Priority Habitat: Parkland), all of which are designated historic parks, gardens and demesnes (registered or supplementary). There is also a significant area of semi-natural woodland at Straidkilly Statutory Nature Reserve.

This landscape has many important historic environment features including the aforementioned historic parks, gardens and demesnes and the listed buildings associated with these designated areas. Listed buildings at Carnfunnock and Cairndhu were built following construction of the Coast Road between 1832 and 1842. Carnfunnock was originally created around Carncastle Lodge, a mid-19th century house which no longer exists but evidence of its style remains in the two ornate listed gate lodges and Cairndhu was built as a summer residence in 1875. Garron Tower was built between 1848 and 50 as a summer residence for the Londonderry family. It has now been adapted for school use and Dunmaul scheduled promontory fort is located adjacent to the school. At Garron Point, there are also listed former coastguard cottages and station and an inscribed stone commemorating the Irish Famine.

Recreation sites and the Coast Road “experience” are important “pull” factors for tourists and visitors in this area. The exceptional scenic quality and dramatic landscape features along this part of the coast contribute to the exhilarating experience of driving along the A2 Coast Road. This coastal route is a regional tourist attraction with numerous car parks and picnic sites which permit tourists and visitors to stop and take in the exceptional views. Part of the appeal of this coastal route is the wild and undeveloped character of this coastline and the fact that the Coast Road hugs the shore. Sailing is also popular along this coast and there is a harbour at Carnlough and a marina at Glenarm. The East Coast Canoe Trail has identified landing points at Ballygalley, Carnlough, Drain’s Bay, Glenarm and Tweed’s Port (close to Carnfunnock Country Park).

Glenarm is a good location for sea fishing where plaice, coalfish, codling, dogfish and conger eels can be caught. Carnfunnock Country Park and Cairndhu Golf Club are key recreation sites and routes of organised running events include the Coast Road.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE Although this cSLA has experienced low pressure for wind energy development, it is highly sensitive to any form of wind energy development as this coastal area exhibits exceptional scenic quality and is highly visible from the A2 Coast Road and from public roads, settlements and other key receptors. Further, the exceptional 6

Mid and East Antrim Borough Council setting of the A2 Coast Road and its’ tourism value means that any proposals for wind energy development in this area would have an unacceptable adverse visual impact.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There has been no pressure for solar energy development within this cSLA. The exceptional scenic quality of this landscape and the importance of the setting of the A2 Coast Road for tourism make this landscape highly sensitive to large-scale solar farm development. As such, any proposed large-scale solar farm would have an unacceptable adverse visual impact in this area.

SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE Since the introduction of PPS 21 in June 2010 there has generally been low pressure for single dwellings in the countryside in this area. However, the development pressure ‘heat map’ indicated areas of ‘higher’ pressure for single dwellings in the Largy Road area (outside of the extant Special Countryside Area). This ‘higher’ pressure is mainly the result of applications for farm dwellings. The Largy Road is located in a sensitive location between the coast and the scarp slopes abutting the Garron Plateau.

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(S) JUSTIFICATION The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape character, conservation and protection of landscape quality, protection of designated areas of the countryside from inappropriate development and protection of important geological and geomorphological features.

This cSLA and the wider setting exhibits exceptional scenic quality which, in conjunction with the highly distinctive landscape features in this coastal area, contributes to a unique experience when driving along the Coast Road. Landscape features of interest include exposed undeveloped headlands, rugged cliffs, areas that exhibit past rock-falls and landslides, historic parks, gardens and demesnes and bays that provide shelter for the coastal settlements.

The open expansive views of the North Channel, spectacular views along the coastline and long-distance views of highly distinctive landscape features such as the undeveloped headlands, Knockdhu, Scawt Hill, the eastern summits of the Garron Plateau and Garron Point all contribute to the dramatic scenery of this coastal area.

One of the strategic objectives within the SPPS is to conserve the natural character and landscape of the undeveloped coast and it states that the undeveloped coast will rarely be an appropriate location for new development.

The spectacular views and the undeveloped character of key landscape features and the coastline add value to this part of the Causeway Coastal Route. Given the importance of the “Coast Road experience” as a unique selling point for the tourism offer within the Borough, it is imperative that the key landscape features, the critical views and undeveloped character of this coastal area are protected from development that is likely to adversely impact on the unique landscape qualities of this special area. Additionally, it is critical to protect the undeveloped and wild character exhibited along this coastline as this landscape character is highly distinctive and an inherent part of this area’s local distinctiveness and sense of place. These landscape qualities act as a “pull factor” for tourists and visitors, are highly valued by the local community and contribute to the public enjoyment of this coastal area.

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas The Larne Coast and Headlands exhibits exceptional scenic quality, and the quality of this landscape, the distinctiveness of the Coast Road setting and its’ unique amenity value is such that development should only be permitted in exceptional circumstances. The SPPS and Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 21: Sustainable Development in the Countryside state that, where appropriate, such areas should be designated as Special Countryside Areas (SCAs) in LDPs and appropriate policies brought forward to ensure their protection from unnecessary and inappropriate development.

It is recognised that, in line with the SPPS, LDPs should also promote and protect existing public accesses and coastal walkways where possible, and in this regard, there may be cases where some limited development may be appropriate, particularly at existing tourist sites and key viewing points such as car parks and picnic sites.

Extant SCA Designation The Larne Area Plan 2010 designated a Countryside Policy Area (CPA), named ‘Undeveloped Coast CPA’, along this coastal area between Garron Point and Larne town in recognition of the area’s significant landscape and amenity value and vulnerability to development pressure. This policy only permits development that is of such national or regional importance as to outweigh any potential detrimental impact to the coastal environment and where no feasible alternative site existed within the urban area. Following publication of PPS21 – ‘Sustainable Development in the Countryside’ in 2010, new policy provisions took precedence over CPAs designated in existing statutory Area Plans. However, the Undeveloped Coast CPA as identified in the Larne Area Plan 2010 was one of 5 exceptions throughout Northern Ireland where the original Area Plan CPA policies are retained. These title of the retained CPA designations has been changed to Special Countryside Areas.

A review of the NILCA 2000 Landscape Character Assessment was undertaken as part of the Local Development Plan countryside assessment and has informed the re-assessment of strategic landscape designations contained within extant local area plans.

The review of NILCA 2000 found that the principle of the extant Undeveloped Coast SCA contained in the Larne Area Plan (1998) is justifiable as it is concluded that a Special Countryside Area (SCA) is necessary to protect the wild and/or undeveloped character of the coast between Garron Point and Larne town for the reasons set out above. Therefore, it is proposed to retain this SCA designation with appropriate amendments.

Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Special Countryside Area From site surveys and utilising GIS, it has been found that, in some areas, the extant SCA boundary does not align to any physical features on the ground. As part of the review process, the SCA boundary has been aligned to physical features on the ground as far as is practicable. It is also proposed to include some areas that contribute significantly to the character of the coast, exhibit high scenic quality and which are highly sensitive to inappropriate development.

The boundary of the proposed SCA: • • • •

extends along a narrow coastal strip that between Larne town settlement development limit and the common local authority boundary with Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council; excludes areas within the settlement development limits of Ballygalley, Carnlough and Glenarm; includes inter-tidal areas of the shoreline; includes the following ASSIs: Ballygalley Head, Galboly (only areas close to the coast), Little Deer Park, Minnis and Straidkilly Wood; 7

Mid and East Antrim Borough Council • • • • •

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

includes the headlands at Ballygalley and Glenarm; includes parts of Carnfunnock Country Park and Cairndhu Golf Course closest to the coast; north of Ballygalley the boundary aligns follows field boundaries eventually aligning with Drumnagreagh Road and a section of Dickeystown Road; north of Carnlough the boundary aligns to Branch Road and Largy Road; otherwise, the boundary aligns with field boundaries as far as practicable to protect visually exposed areas that contribute significantly to the setting of this coastal area and/or areas that are contribute significantly to the character of this special area.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

PHOTOS

Headland South-East of Carnlough

Headland South-East of Glenarm

Woodland and Revetments at Coast Road/Tower Road junction

The Black Arch along the Coast Road 9

Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas View of Larne Coast from a picnic site and car park east of Ballygalley

View of Ballygalley Head from the Coast Road

View of Ballygalley Head from Sallagh Road

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

Larne Coast and Headlands - cSLA 01 EVALUATION MATRIX Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Unique

The Larne coast is an undulating lowland to the east of moorland summits and scarp slopes of the Garron Plateau in the north and the Larne basalt moorland in the south.

Between Ballygalley and Glenarm, the lowland forms a narrow strip between the steep slopes of the basalt upland to the west and the coast. To the south of Ballygalley, the coastal lowlands broaden to form an undulating landscape which extends from Carncastle to Larne town.

There are deeply incised glens at Glenarm (Glenarm glen) and Carnlough (Glencloy glen).

North and west of Carnlough undulating farmland rises to the scarp slopes and summits of the eastern edge of the Garron Plateau.

This coastal area includes the headlands at Ballygalley and Glenarm and Garron Point.

The Coast Road is confined to a narrow platform (a raised beach), which hugs the coastline.

In an MEA context the headlands, Garron Point and the raised beach platform on which the Coast Road is built represent unique topographical features.

Note: this cSLA only includes areas closest to the coast.

Loughs

Not Present

Coastal Shorelines

Exceptional

This coastline has an undeveloped character and in many sections of this coastline a wild character is exhibited.

The Coast Road is confined to a narrow platform (a raised beach), which hugs the coastline with superb seaward views and marked by a distinctive white limestone and dark basalt sea wall. The steep basalt cliffs and rocky headlands provide a sequence of 'gateways' along the coast.

On this section of the MEA coast there are sweeping sand and shingle beaches.

Nationally important nature conservation sites are located along this coast (see Nature Conservation Sites section below).

Significant River Corridors

Not present

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Not present

Nature Conservation Sites

Exceptional

1. Proposed East Coast (Northern Ireland) Marine SPA – includes ALL the marine area landward of the red line (see map) to the mean low water mark. In relation to the Larne Coast, this proposed SPA includes the parts of the North Channel southwards from Carnlough Bay. This designation seeks to ensure the waters and seafloor habitats are managed to meet the needs of foraging Terns and other seabirds.

2. Straidkilly Statutory Nature Reserve - Perched high above Straidkilly Point is one of the largest, semi-natural woods in County Antrim. Hazel thickets on the lower slopes give way to mixed woodland of ash, birch, hawthorn and rowan. Bluebells, wood anemones and wild garlic are found at this site. The woodland provides shelter for insects and butterflies. From the highest point on the reserve, there are views over Carnlough, Glenarm and Garron Plateau.

3. Ballygalley Head (ASSI) – scientifically important because of its species-rich dry grassland and important grassland fungi. Species-rich grassland is now a rare habitat in NI. The ASSI covers the steep west/south-west facing slope of Ballygalley Hill. The freely-draining soils have developed over basaltic series, giving rise to calcareous grassland (extensive examples are rare in NI) and a variety of mosses and fungi.

4. Galboly (ASSI) - Galboly situated overlooking Red Bay, is dominated by vertical basalt and limestone cliffs, which rise in places to over 200m above the grassland, heathland and woodland below. The combination of local climatic factors, soil type, topography and historical management have produced a wide variety of habitats across the site.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas These habitats, important in their own right, provide the ideal conditions for a large number of rare plants, mosses, lichens, fungi and invertebrates. Peregrines nest in a number of locations on the cliffs and are often seen soaring overhead.

5. Little Deer Park (ASSI) – scientifically important because of its species-rich dry grassland (rare habitat in NI) and earth science features. The ASSI stretches for approximately 1.75km along the Coast Road, located just to the south-east of Glenarm. The geological interest in this ASSI is found in the former basalt quarry. The basalt is full of small cavities that have become filled with secondary minerals - the minerals are zeolites which are important. The grassland habitats support an important grassland fungi assemblage.

6. Minnis (ASSI) - is of national importance because of the diverse range of fossils here. This site is the best example of an active mudflow in NI. When material is cleared to the seaward side of the road active marine erosion is a significant factor in exposing the fossils.

7. Straidkilly Wood (ASSI) - The area is of special scientific interest because of its woodland flora and fauna. The wood is one of the largest and least disturbed of its type in County Antrim. It covers the steep, north-facing basalt escarpment between Glencloy Valley to the north and Glenarm Valley to the south. The ASSI provides an extensive area of semi-natural habitat for woodland animals such as Badger and a range of breeding birds, as well as a number of rare plants.

Significant Geological sites

Exceptional

Refer to ASSIs: Minnis; Galboly and Little Deer Park

Nature Reserves

Exceptional

Refer to Straidkilly Statutory Nature Reserve

Distinctive

Northern Ireland (NI) ranks as one of the least wooded regions in Europe with just 8% woodland cover, compared with the European average of 46%. In addition, almost 60% of our woodland is in the form of recent conifer plantations.

Woodland

Within this cSLA woodland is limited to Straidkilly Wood, woodland associated with Cairndhu Golf Club and woodland associated with Garron Tower historic demesne.

Although the woodland area coverage is relatively small within this cSLA, within the context of a general low level of woodland across NI, this woodland is regarded as distinctive in this coastal landscape.

Overall Landscape Sensitivity

High – by reason of this area’s exceptional scenic quality, undeveloped/wild character, prominent headlands and expansive views along the coast and of the North Channel. These features have unique qualities that add value to the highly sensitive setting of the Coast Road (a regional tourist route) and provide a strong sense of place and local distinctiveness. This coastal area also has nationally important nature conservation designations with unique qualities, for example, Minnis ASSI is the best example of an active mudflow in NI and Straidkilly Wood is part of a Statutory Nature Reserve. All of these important landscape elements would likely be significantly adversely impacted by inappropriate development and, therefore, are highly vulnerable.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded AONB

This area falls within the boundary of the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is highly valued for its scenic and perceptual qualities. Key features within this candidate Sensitive Landscape Area include the wild and undeveloped character of this coastal area, a series of striking headlands (Ballygalley, Glenarm and Garron Point), expansive views of the coast, a raised beach platform (Coast Road) and nationally important nature conservation sites.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors Scenic / Tourist Route

Description From the A2 Causeway Coastal Route, there are critical views of:     

Visitor / Recreational sites

the coast, particularly when key landscape features are viewed in conjunction with the open expanse of the North Channel.

Knock Dhu, Sallagh Braes, and Scawt Hill on the approach to Ballygalley from Larne - this unique combination of landforms dominate the skyline. the headlands at Ballygalley and Glenarm which provide a significant backdrop for the respective settlements.

Garron Point and the summits of the summits and scarp slopes of the Garron Plateau. the Larne Glens (areas closest to the coast).

There are critical views along the coast and of Knockdhu, Scawt Hill and associated ridgeline from Ballygalley beach. From Ballygalley Castle Hotel there are views of along the coast.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas From Carnlough Beach and various caravan sites in Carnlough, there are views of the coast, the headland to the north of Glenarm, Garron Point and the summits and scarp slopes of the eastern edge of the Garron Plateau.

There are views along the coast and out to sea from car parks and picnic sites dotted along the Coast Road.

Recognised walking/cycle routes

The Coast Road is part of the National Cycle Network (route 93) and along this route cyclists can experience long distance views along the coast and of key landscape features such as Sallagh Braes, Knockdhu and Garron Point. A link section of the Ulster Way follows the Coast Road/Largy Road/Tower Road (Ballycastle – Glenarm sections 6 & 7), however, the public are recommended to use public transport on this link section.

There are views of the coast, Ballygalley Head and across the Glenarm Glen to the headland occupied by Straidkilly Wood from the Antrim Hills Way (Glenarm – Black Hill section).

Residential Areas

There are views of Sallagh Braes, Knockdhu, Scawt Hill and Ballygalley Head from residential areas within the settlement of Ballygalley.

From the settlement of Glenarm, there are views of the headlands flanking Glenarm and the areas of the Glenarm glen closest to the coast.

There are views of the headland to the north-west of Glenarm, the eastern summits and scarp slopes of the Garron Plateau from the settlement of Carnlough.

Public Roads

Overall Visual Sensitivity

The key prominent landscape features within this candidate SLA are widely visible from public roads within this area, for example, the A2 Coast Road.

High – this area has a high degree of visual sensitivity by reason of the critical views of the coastal landscape primarily from the A2 Coastal Route, key tourist sites such as caravan parks, recreation sites and key public viewing sites such as picnic sites dotted along the Coast Road. The high visual sensitivity is also a result of the long distance critical views of significant landscape features such as Garron Point, Knockdhu, Scawt Hill and Sallagh Braes etc. from the Coast Road, recognised walking and cycling routes and residential areas within settlements. These areas are also highly visually sensitive due to the undeveloped and/or wild character of key landscape features and the coastal area.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) This coastal landscape has strong aesthetic and perceptual qualities due to the exceptional landscape features present in this area such as the coastal cliffs, the headlands that shelter settlements, Garron Point and the wild character along the Coast Road. This wild character is reinforced by the juxtaposition of the Coast Road and the open expanse of the Northern Channel. The Coast Road is part of the Causeway Coastal Route which is a major tourist attraction in Northern Ireland. The wild character and critical views along the coast, out to sea and of key landscape features inland are crucial aspects of the Causeway Coastal Route experience. Therefore, the critical views from this coastal route, the undeveloped/wild character and the juxtaposition of the Coast Road and open expanse of the Northern Channel has unique amenity value. The unique amenity value of the Coast Road is reinforced by this area’s exceptional scenic quality, undeveloped character and the headlands which provide a sequence of 'gateways' which frame the coastal views and lend an air of anticipation when travelling along this route.

Areas along this coastline permit access to, and public enjoyment of, the coastal shore. For example, the sweeping bays and beaches at Ballygalley and Carnlough and Carnfunnock Bay are areas that permit access to the shoreline and exceptional views of the surrounding landscape, and these areas are landing points identified along the East Coast Canoe Trial. Other areas that provide unique amenity value along this undeveloped coast are key areas of recreation such as Carnfunnock Country Park, Cairndhu Golf Course, caravan parks, viewing points (picnic areas/car parks) and recognised walking and cycling routes. Sailing is also popular along this coast and there is a harbour at Carnlough and a marina at Glenarm which both function as a base for boating and fishing activities.

This coastal strip contains numerous important natural heritage sites whose features add value and interest to this area. The slopes below the Garron Plateau comprise large rotational landslides that form a major feature of the Antrim Coast and have created the present form of Garron Point (see Galboly ASSI citation document). Minnis ASSI, located to the south-east of Little Deer Park, represents the best example of an active mudflow in NI and this site has yielded an extremely diverse range of fossils. Straidkilly Wood ASSI is part of a Statutory Nature Reserve and is an extensive area of semi-natural habitat for woodland animals, including Badger and breeding birds. Other areas of significant natural heritage interest include other ASSIs (see Nature Conservation Sites section above) and woodland areas such as at Cairndhu Golf Club.

This coastal area has historic environment sites that contribute significantly to this areas’ sense of place and local distinctiveness, for example, Historic Parks, Gardens and Demesnes at Carnfunnock Country Park (registered), Cairndhu (supplementary), Glenarm Castle (registered), Drumnasole House (registered) and Garron Tower (supplementary). Dunmaul is a scheduled promontory fort located adjacent to St Killian’s College (Garron Point) and in this area there are also listed former coastguard cottages and station and an inscribed stone commemorating the Irish Famine. These sites are highly valued by the local community and publically accessible sites such as Carnfunnock Country Park, Cairndhu Golf Course and Glenarm Castle provide areas of high amenity value for visitors.

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Overall Landscape Value

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

High – by reason of the regionally important Causeway Route, undeveloped and/or wild character, exceptional scenic quality and natural heritage and historic environment assets, all of which contribute to an area highly valued by the local community, visitors and tourists.

The Causeway Coastal Route is a regionally important tourist route that is world-renowned for its’ spectacular views, the distinctive white limestone and dark basalt sea wall and the juxtaposition of the Coast Road with the shoreline. The Coast Road is an example of pioneering 19th century civil engineering and a significant tourist attraction and economic driver for this area. The special landscape qualities and features along this route and key views represent unique amenity value. Other factors that give this area high landscape value include the ASSI’s, Historic Parks, Gardens and Demesnes, significant recreation sites and significant areas of woodland. The exceptional scenic quality of this area is also important for the setting of the coastal settlements in this area.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) Coastal flooding is a risk in this area and the Coast Road is protected by hard sea defences such as revetments and sea walls.

Settlement Setting Ballygalley/Carnlough/Glenarm

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement The exceptional scenic quality of this area, coastline and exposed headlands are important for the setting of the coastal settlements in this area. The landscape qualities and features in this area create a strong sense of place and local distinctiveness and provide a sense of enclosure.

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Candidate SLA 02 - Statement of Landscape Value LOCATION This area includes the Glenarm Glen – its’ valley floor and slopes.

Ref: cSLA 02 – Name: Glenarm Glen LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 18 Antrim Plateau and Glens LCA 117 Central Ballymena Glens LCA 123 Larne Glens EXISTING DESIGNATIONS AONB: Antrim Coast and Glens Area of Special Scientific Interest: Feystown Area of Special Scientific Interest: Glenarm Woods Area of Special Scientific Interest: Glenarm Woods Part 2 Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Glenarm Castle (registered) LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE Glenarm Glen lies within the Antrim Coast and Glens Area Of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) which is a formal statutory designation in recognition of a landscape’s national importance with regard to its’ scenic qualities and nature conservation and heritage value. This glen is a deeply incised valley that has a tranquil character and there is a dispersed pattern of single dwellings and farmsteads within the glen. There is stark contrast in landscape between the diverse glen landscape and exposed uplands.

This glen stretches from the coast at Glenarm up to the uplands of the AONB and includes Glenarm Estate, which is one of the best examples of parkland habitat in Northern Ireland, Glenarm River and Glenarm Forest.

The forest in this area provides food and shelter for a wide variety of mammals, birds and invertebrates and has a wide variety of tree species such as Oak, Ash, Beech, Sycamore, Japanese Larch and Sitka Spruce.

Parts of Glenarm Forest are contained within Glenarm Woods ASSI and Glenarm Woods Part 2 ASSI where long-established and ancient woodland are present. Glenarm Woods ASSI represents the largest stand of semi-natural woodland remaining in County Antrim and the diverse range of soil types present in this area is fundamental to the biodiversity of this area, which is one of the richest areas for woodland plants in Northern Ireland and includes a large number of rare species (see Glenarm ASSI citation document). In addition to its’ botanical interest, this area provides an important habitat for animals, including bats (protected by law) and silver-washed Fritillary butterfly which is scarce in eastern counties of Northern Ireland. Some of the slopes, primarily the upper end of the Glenarm Valley, are covered by base-rich flushed grassland. It is noted that there are significant conifer plantations that contribute to the woodland in this glen, and that the biodiversity value of conifer forest is generally low.

Much of this glen is included within the Glenarm Castle registered Historic, Park, Garden and Demesne. This demesne is an exceptional demesne notable for its high quality landscape features, its’ picturesque beauty and its extent (this demesne extends some 5 miles inland from the sea and is approximately ½ mile wide).

Around the 1660s two enclosed deer parks were created, namely the Small Deer Park and the Grand Deer Park, the latter occupying much of the present demesne. The designated demesne includes includes numerous highly significant historic environment sites, for example, there are listed buildings and structures associated with Glenarm Castle, listed dwellings further inland and scheduled sites containing a mound, enclosure and church and graveyard. Since 1993 the property has been in ownership of Randal McDonnell, Viscount Dunluce, son of the 14th Earl of Antrim, and he has embarked on improvements to the house and parkland, including the walled garden, which is now open to the public in the summer months and has an associated tea room. The Barbican gate lodge has recently been restored and is used as tourist accommodation.

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas This glen is highly significant for the setting of Glenarm as it provides a unique and scenic backdrop for the village and a strong sense of enclosure. The wooded slopes of Glenarm glen contribute to the attractive, sheltered character of the glen landscape. The visual sensitivity of the glen is increased by the exposure of the valley bottom and glen slopes to long range views from public roads on the upper valley slopes, for example, from Munie Road and Feystown Road which are scenic routes leading to the Antrim coast. There are also views of the glen from the Coast Road, although these views are not extensive.

Glenarm Castle and Demesne represents an important tourist attraction where visitors can enjoy exploring the castle, walks in the historic walled garden and the beautiful scenery. Part of a quality section of the Ulster Way (Glenarm to Ballynure) passes through the north-eastern part of this glen and includes Town Brae and part of Feystown Road. From these public roads there are critical views across the glen and of the surrounding ridges. There is also a designated walking route along the Layde Path and within Glenarm Forest. The local community, tourists and visitors can enjoy views across the glen from Munie Road and Feystown Road, and these views of the landscape add value to the experience of driving along these routes.

Feystown ASSI is located on the Feystown Road at the edge of the Glenarm Glen. This small area of seminatural grassland is a local nature reserve managed by the Ulster Wildlife Trust and is important for its’ species rich grassland and the presence of Wood Crane’s-Bill (NI Priority Species) which is a rare and threatened species in the UK. In consideration of strategic landscape designations, the small area coverage and peripheral location of this site (within this cSLA) is notable.

Glenarm Quarry is a working quarry that sits above Glenarm and is visible in views from Feystown Road and the Coast Road. This quarry degrades the landscape quality and has an adverse visual impact in this area of exceptional landscape quality. This quarry has planning permission for an extension to the existing site.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE This candidate SLA has not experienced pressure for wind energy development, however, there has been some pressure for single wind turbines along the western ridge and relatively high pressure for this type of development along the southern edge of the glen. The Wind Energy Development in NI Landscapes publication states that the upper slopes of the glens of Glencloy and Glenarm are of high visual sensitivity, providing an outstanding backdrop and skyline to the valleys, and that both these areas are inherently sensitive to wind energy development.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There have been no applications for solar energy development within this candidate SLA. The exceptional scenic quality of this landscape, the presence of the registered historic, park garden and demesne, and the importance of this landscape for the setting of this demesne, make this landscape highly sensitive to largescale solar farm development.

SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE Since the introduction of PPS 21 in June 2010 there has been low pressure for single dwellings in the countryside within this candidate SLA. LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(s): JUSTIFICATION The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include protecting and enhancing the coast, promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape character, conservation and protection of landscape quality, protection of designated areas of the countryside from inappropriate development and protection of important geological and geomorphological features.

The Glenarm Glen is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB and contributes significantly to the setting of the Antrim coast, for example, when approaching the coast from the Feystown Road. The lower parts of the glen make a significant contribution to the setting of the Causeway Coastal Route and the settlement of

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Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

Glenarm when travelling towards Glenarm along the Coast Road. This glen, particularly the registered Historic, Park, Garden and Demesne, is an area of exceptional scenic quality that can be appreciated when viewed from Feystown Road, Munie Road and from within the demesne itself, for example, from the walled garden at Glenarm Castle. The highly exposed undeveloped ridgelines and upper slopes of this glen are distinctive landscape features that frame the setting of the registered demesne and the settlement of Glenarm.

In regard to minerals development, the SPPS (para 6.154) states that the policy approach for minerals development , including peat extraction from bog lands, must be to balance the need for minerals resources against the need to protect and conserve the environment. The SPPS (para 6.155) does make provision for LDPs to identify areas which should be protected from minerals development because of their intrinsic landscape, amenity, scientific or heritage value, stating that there should be a general presumption against minerals development in such areas.

This area has important natural heritage assets that are recognised by national nature conservation designations (see Evaluation Matrix). The natural heritage assets within these designations, including the Glenarm River, are highly valued by nature enthusiasts and contribute to a habitat that is important for ancient and long-established woodland, woodland plants and a large number of rare species (see Glenarm ASSI citation document). The area within the Glenarm Woods and Glenarm Woods Part 2 designations is one of the richest areas for woodland plants in Northern Ireland.

The landscape quality, assets and visual sensitivity of this area has been documented above. Any minerals development in this area would be inappropriate, as it is considered such proposals would likely lead to unacceptable adverse impacts on this exceptional landscape and/or the sensitive natural and built heritage sites present. For example, minerals development would be highly likely to have a significant adverse impact on the setting of Glenarm Castle registered Historic Park, Garden and Demesne. It is considered that if the important characteristics and features in this sensitive landscape became degraded by minerals operations they could not be acceptably replaced or restored by restorative works. Therefore, it is recommended that this area is included within the extant ACMD designation, if this designation is to be retained. There is currently no evidence in relation to the minerals industry that supports removing this designation which provides protection for the landscape assets of this cSLA.

Glenarm registered demesne contains listed buildings and structures associated with Glenarm Castle and includes scheduled sites containing a mound, enclosure and church and graveyard. Cumulatively, these features result in an area that is steeped in history and which has been a significant factor in the evolution of Glenarm and the immediate area.

All of the landscape features discussed above contribute significantly to the landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness of this area and are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development. The importance of protecting these landscape features and the character of this landscape is enhanced by the fact that Glenarm demesne represents an important tourist attraction where visitors can enjoy exploring the castle and historic walled garden and the beautiful scenery. This area also includes other opportunities for recreation for the local community and visitors, for example, views across the glen and surrounding ridges can be enjoyed whilst walking along the Ulster Way (Glenarm to Ballynure) and there is also a designated walking route along the Layde Path and within Glenarm Forest.

Based on the Countryside Assessment, the SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan, that complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas. Given the exceptional landscape quality, unique natural and built heritage assets and the high amenity value of this area, it is considered appropriate to provide policy that strengthens the level of protection for the identified landscape assets, particularly given the importance of this area for the setting of Glenarm and the Antrim Coast and the added value these identified landscape features bring to the ‘tourism offer’ of this area.

Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Area of Constraint on High Structures (ACHS) An Area of Constraint on High Structures (see map) is proposed to protect the headlands and areas of the glen closest to the coast from the adverse visual impacts associated with high structures or large-scale solar farms. The boundary of the proposed ACHS:  includes the headlands that flank the settlement of Glenarm;  includes parts of the Glenarm glen slopes that are visually exposed and strongly visually linked with the settlement of Glenarm and the Antrim Coast;  aligns to Feystown Road and Ballyvaddy Road;  aligns to laneways and field boundaries as far as practical to provide a robust and readily identifiable boundary;  aligns with the settlement development limits of Glenarm; and  aligns the boundary of Glenarm registered Historic Park, Garden and Demesne.

High structures (over 15m) are prominent in visually exposed landscapes and large-scale solar farms can be unduly prominent due to factors such as the relatively large area coverage of such installations and the lightreflecting properties of the solar panels. In this area, high structures and large-scale solar farms would have a significant adverse impact on the landscape as these types of development would be unduly obtrusive in this area of exceptional scenic quality which is exposed to medium-long distance views from critical public vantage points.

It is considered that proposed LDP policy in relation to registered Historic, Parks, Gardens and Demesnes is sufficient to protect the registered demesne and its’ setting and, therefore, it is not proposed to include the registered demesne within a designated policy area. However, it is considered that the glen slopes and headlands closest to the Antrim Coast are so important for the setting of Glenarm, the Antrim Coast and Coast Road, that these areas (outside of the registered demesne) should be included within a designated policy area that restricts the height of high structures to 15m in these areas and which precludes large-scale solar farms.

Extant Area of Constraint on Minerals Development (ACMD) The Larne Area Plan 2010 included the area considered under this cSLA within a designated Area of Constraint on Minerals Development (ACMD) in recognition of the area’s considerable scenic value and conservation value. This designated policy area applied regional policy for areas of constraint on mineral development to these areas.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

PHOTOS

View (from Munie Road) across Glenarm glen and towards coast

View (from Feystown Road) across Glenarm glen looking towards the headland and ridge and Glenarm quarry.

View (from Munie Road) across Glenarm glen and towards coast

View (from Coast Road) of Glenarm

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council Areas

Candidate Sensitive Landscape

Glenarm Glen - cSLA 02 EVALUATION MATRIX Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Exceptional

Glenarm glen is highly distinctive and rises from the coast towards the Antrim plateau.

There is stark contrast in the landscape between the diverse glen landscape with its steep valley sides and the exposed uplands and ridgelines.

Loughs

Not present

Coastal Shorelines

Exceptional

This coastal landscape exhibits exceptional landscape quality and the glen extends inland from the shoreline at Glenarm.

Significant River Corridors

Exceptional

The Glenarm glen creates an exceptional setting for the Glenarm river and this river and two of its main tributaries – the Linford Water to the south-east and Owencloghy Water to the south-west - connect several distinct woodland blocks.

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Not present

Nature Conservation Sites

Exceptional

1. Glenarm Woods Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – this ASSI contains thte largest stand of semi-natural woodland remaining in County Antrim and the diverse range of soil types present in this area is fundamental to the biodiversity of this area, which is one of the richest areas for woodland plants in Northern Ireland and includes a large number of rare woodland plant species (see Glenarm ASSI citation document). In addition to its’ botanical interest, this area provides an important habitat for animals, including bats (protected by law) and silver-washed Fritillary butterfly which is scarce in eastern counties of Northern Ireland. Some of the slopes, primarily the upper end of the Glenarm Valley, are covered by base-rich flushed grassland.

2. Glenarm Woods (Part 2) Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – this area has been designated because of its wood pasture habitat and associated species. The site is part of the Glenarm demesne, which can be traced back to the 17th Century. Wood pasture is a type of woodland which has a very open structure due to historic grazing practices. It is generally characterised by old, open-grown trees and shrubs which have significant amounts of standing and fallen dead wood. These old open-grown trees provide a specialist habitat for rare and uncommon species of invertebrates, lichens and fungi. This designation has many long-established and ancient trees with Oak being the dominant tree species. Further diversity is provided through areas of wet grassland. The parkland trees and shrubs support a high quality invertebrate fauna including a number of rare beetles.

3. Feystown Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – this designation is a small area of semi-natural grassland managed in a traditional way. It is important not only for its species-rich grassland, but also because of the presence of Wood Cranesbill (a rare and threatened species in the UK protected by the Wildlife Order). It is likely that Wood Cranesbill has survived at Feystown because of traditional farming practices.

Significant Geological sites Nature Reserves Woodland

Non present Unique

Feystown Local Nature Reserve – this pleasant meadow is managed by the Ulster Wildlife Trust and is their smallest nature reserve. The importance of this site is outlined under Feystown ASSI.

Exceptional

Northern Ireland (NI) ranks as one of the least wooded regions in Europe with just 8% woodland cover, compared with the European average of 46%. In addition, almost 60% of our woodland is in the form of recent conifer plantations (Woodlandtrust.org.uk, last accessed 22/01/2019). In this context, the woodland within the Glenarm glen is considered exceptional as it contains ancient and long-established woodland and the woodland within Glenarm Woods ASSI represents the largest stand of semi-natural woodland remaining in County Antrim. This woodland area contains Ash, Oak and Alder, which is characteristic of the wettest parts, and this is one of the richest for woodland plants in NI. Conifer trees have also been planted in this area.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council Areas

Candidate Sensitive Landscape

Overall Landscape Sensitivity High: by reason of the high scenic quality and exceptional natural heritage assets present in this area.

This area is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is an area with high scenic quality. Feystown ASSI (a local nature reserve), Glenarm Woods ASSI and Glenarm Woods Part 2 ASSI are contained within this area and are natural heritage conservation sites of national importance are contained within this area. These special natural heritage sites, which contain ancient and long-established woodland, and the exceptional landscape character of this glen are rare features in the context of the Borough and contribute significantly to the sense of place and local distinctiveness of this area. Glenarm registered Historic Park, Garden and Demesne is notable for its aesthetic quality and for the large area it covers. This demesne includes much of the lower reaches of the Glenarm River, extending up from the coast, and provides an exceptional setting for numerous important historic environment assets contained within this area. All of these features are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development.

Glenarm Quarry has had a detrimental impact on the condition of the landscape in that particular area of the glen.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded AONB

This area falls within the boundary of the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is highly valued for its scenic and perceptual qualities. Key features within this candidate Sensitive Landscape area include the unspoilt and undeveloped ridgelines and slopes of the Glenarm glen, the Glenarm registered historic park, garden and demesne and associated woodland, Feystown local nature reserve and the shoreline of the Antrim coast (see LCA 123).

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors Scenic / Tourist Route

Description There are strong critical views of the glen’s upper slopes and ridgelines closest to the coast from the Coast Road which a major tourist route.

Visitor / Recreation sites

There are critical views of the glen’s upper slopes and ridgelines closest to the coast from Glenarm marina and some limited views of the easternmost ridge from the walled garden at Glenarm Castle. The views from these recreation areas are appreciated by the local community and visitors.

Recognised walking/cycle routes

The Ulster Way (Glenarm to Larne section) and a quality section of the Antrim Hills Way (Glenarm to Ballynure section) run from the settlement of Glenarm along part of Feystown Road. These are recognised walking routes that take in some of the most scenic parts of the Antrim Glens. From this route there are extensive views across the glen.

The A2 Coast Road is frequently used by cyclists and there are views of the upper slopes and ridgelines closest to the coast.

Residential Areas

From residential areas, views up through the glen are restricted by woodland and other features in the landscape. There are critical views of the headlands and upper slopes closest to the coast from some residential areas.

Public Roads

There are strong critical views across Glenarm glen and the ridgelines from Feystown Road and Munie Road. Although these roads are key routes towards the coast, they are not considered major tourist routes.

Overall Visual Sensitivity High: The upper slopes and ridgelines closest to the coast are highly sensitive by reason of the critical views of these areas from the Coast Road when approaching the settlement of Glenarm. These areas

are also exposed to views from Glenarm marina, the Feystown Road (part of the Ulster Way and Antrim Hills Way walking routes), Munie Road and from some residential areas. Therefore, this area is highly visually sensitive to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development. Glenarm Quarry is exposed to critical views from the Coast Road and demonstrates how obtrusive development in this area can have a significant adverse visual impact on the setting of Glenarm.

The parts of the glen set further back from the coast are visually sensitive and there are critical views of the upper part of Glenarm registered demesne and the wider area from public roads such as Feystown Road and Munie Road. However, these parts of the glen are not as visually sensitive as the areas closer to the coast as they are not as readily viewed from key receptors such as the settlement of Glenarm and the Coast Road.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) This area has natural heritage conservation sites of national importance (see Landscape Sensitivity section above) and is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is an area with high scenic quality.

This glen has limited or no intrusive development and, with the exception of the areas associated with Glenarm Quarry, there has been limited degradation of the natural heritage assets and landscape features that make this area so special such as the ancient and long-established woodland, the registered Historic Park, Garden and Demesne and the undeveloped ridgelines. These landscape features contribute to the exceptional quality of this landscape and give this area a strong sense of identity and local distinctiveness. For example, Glenarm demesne has many historic environment features and landscape elements that represent a historical record of the evolution of this area over time.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council Areas

Candidate Sensitive Landscape

This landscape and the features associated with Glenarm demesne are highly valued by the local community and visitors to the area. The distinctive headlands and ridgelines associated with the glen contribute to the experience of driving along the Coast Road.

This area is valued by nature enthusiasts due to the presence of Feystown local nature reserve and the biodiversity of flora and fauna found in the woodland of the glen and Glenarm forest.

Overall Landscape Value

High: by reason of the of the high scenic quality of this area, the woodland, national conservation designations, the registered historic park, garden and demesne and the value attached to these landscape features by the community, nature enthusiasts, and visitors and the fact that there has been limited or no degradation of key landscape features and the landscape character.

Glenarm Quarry has had an adverse impact on the landscape condition and character in that area. This minerals development has adversely impacted on views when approaching Glenarm from an easterly direction.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) There is a risk of some coastal flooding along the shoreline of Glenarm.

Some localised flooding may occur on the floodplain of the Glenarm River.

Settlement Setting

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement Glenarm glen and associated headlands and ridgelines and Glenarm registered historic park, garden and demesne contribute significantly to the setting of Glenarm.

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Candidate SLA 03 - Statement of Landscape Value LOCATION This candidate Sensitive Landscape Area (cSLA) includes the parts of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River corridor within the Mid and East Antrim Council (MEA) area and between Lough Beg and Portglenone. In this area the shared council boundary is with Mid Ulster District Council area.

Ref: cSLA 03 – Name: Lough Beg and Lower Bann River Corridor LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 14 Lough Neagh Basin RLCA 15 Lower Bann Valley LCA 52 Lower Bann Valley LCA 58 Long Mountain Ridge EXISTING DESIGNATIONS Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ): Lough Neagh Fringe Ramsar: Lough Neagh and Lough Beg Special Protection Area (SPA): Lough Neagh and Lough Beg SPA ASSIs: Culnafay, Lough Beg Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Portglenone House (supplementary) LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE Much of this cSLA is included within the Lough Neagh Fringe Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ) as designated in the NILCA 2000 study in recognition of the area’s scenic quality, as well as for the nature conservation and heritage value present. The boundary of this ASQ aligns to the shared council boundary with Mid Ulster District Council, the southern boundary of the Cistercian Abbey, Ballymena Road (A42), the edge of the Lower Bann River floodplain and Lough Beg Road.

Lough Beg, which means "Little Lake," is approximately 5 kilometres long by 1km wide and 5 square kilometres in area. This shallow lake (mean depth of 1-2m) is located downstream of Lough Neagh and is essentially a widening of the Lower Bann River.

Lough Beg and its’ fringes are part of Lough Beg ASSI, Lough Neagh and Lough Beg Ramsar and SPA. Within MEA, Lough Beg supports beds of submerged aquatic vegetation and the fringes of the lough has species-rich wet grassland (NI Priority Habitat: Floodplain Grazing Marsh), reedbeds (NI Priority Habitat) and swampy woodland (NI Priority Habitat: Wet Woodland) and pasture. Lough Beg is an ecologically diverse site that has distinctive flora and fauna and supports internationally important populations of breeding, overwintering and migrating birds, for example, within MEA whooper swans (NI Priority Species) graze on the grassland abutting the lough. Adjoining agriculturally improved areas utilised by swans have not been included within the SPA but their importance as a habitat which supports swans should not be underestimated. Within MEA, swamp vegetation is represented on the eastern shore of the lough forming a discontinuous but extensive belt in shallow water. Lough Beg contains a large number of rare or local vascular plant species, for example, Irish Lady’s Tresses Orchid (NI Priority Species).

The eastern fringe of Lough Beg and floodplain area is highly distinctive and tranquil due to its undeveloped and remote character, wetland habitat, woodland and juxtaposition with Lough Beg. There is a scheduled monument consisting of prehistoric standing stones on the north-eastern fringe of Lough Beg. This area is visually exposed to critical short to medium range views from Ballyscullion Road, Lough Beg Road and Newferry Road and Newferry Water Ski Club and visitor car park. There are longer range views of this area from Carmagrim Road and Largy Road.

The landscape between Newferry (close to the northern point of Lough Beg) and Portglenone is deeply rural and tranquil, albeit the Largy Road is a well-trafficked road located on the eastern edge of this area. This part of the cSLA is generally a flat and open floodplain area, although the land does rise moving towards the Largy

Road which leads to some areas being elevated above the floodplain. This floodplain area of the Lower Bann River, which exhibits high scenic quality, is highly distinctive due to its undeveloped character and transition from an open floodplain (north of Newferry) to a more wooded landscape (south of Portglenone). This woodland is highly significant for the setting of Portglenone and Portglenone House supplementary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne and long-established woodland is present in the area of Portglenone Forest. Portglenone House historic demesne is located on the southern edge of Portglenone and includes Our Lady of Bethlehem Abbey, Holy Wells, a mound and fortification. Three listed buildings are located in this area and two of these are associated with the Cistercian Abbey. Culnafay ASSI is located at Newferry and is of special scientific interest as this site contains the largest good quality deposit of diatoms remaining in the area and is amongst the most important post-glacial freshwater diatomite deposits in the world. Diatoms are microscopic aquatic plants surrounded by a silica box. The diatomite is of international importance and has links with early human settlement and gives a record of past water levels.

There are critical views of the Lower Bann River floodplain from Largy Road, Newferry Road, Newferry Water Ski Club and the car park/viewing point within Mid Ulster District Council area at Newferry. However, when travelling north along Largy Road towards Portglenone, views of the Lower Bann River can be restricted by hedgerows, trees, woodland and land elevated above the floodplain. There are longer range views of this floodplain area from Carmagrim Road. There are views of the banks of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River and wider area when travelling on these water-bodies by boat or canoe.

There are areas of peatland (NI Priority Habitat) in the Lough Beg Road area (southern section of this cSLA).

Some of this peat is intact but large areas have experienced commercial peat cutting which leaves featureless bleak expanses within the landscape. The area of peat to the west of Lough Beg Road is enclosed by trees, however, the area of peat to the east is exposed to views from Lough Beg Road. Peatland is an important habitat that enhances biodiversity and carbon sequestration, however, the commercial cutting of peat in this area has had a negative impact in regard to these peatland benefits.

This cSLA has opportunities for water-based recreation activities. For example, there is a water ski club at Newferry, Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River are part of the Lower Bann Canoe Trail with designated stopping points at Newferry and Portglenone, there are designated fishing areas along the Lower Bann River and there is a marina at Portglenone which is a base for boating. Newferry and Portglenone Forest also provide opportunities for walking and ornithology.

The Lough Beg area is a premier pike fishery possibly due to the lake's slow-moving waters and numerous shallow bays, and access to Lough Beg is most convenient by boat from Newferry (or Toome). The Lower Bann is also good for pike fishing. In these areas anglers also fish for perch, roach, dollaghan, rudd, trench, bream, gray mullet, salmon, brown trout (NI Priority Species) and sea trout (NI Priority Species).

In summary, the Lough Beg and Lower Bann River corridor is a landscape of high scenic quality that has significant recreation opportunities and areas of high amenity value, and is a landscape that is valued highly by the local community and visitors to the area.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE Within this cSLA there has been low pressure for wind energy development with four sites having applications for single wind turbines. Only one of these four sites relates to a proposal for a large scale (over 15m) wind turbine and only one application did not receive planning permission. Much of this area exhibits high scenic quality and is included within Lough Neagh Fringe ASQ. The area north of Newferry includes the undeveloped floodplain area of the Lower Bann River which is exposed to critical views from the Largy Road and Carmagrim Road. The fringe area of Lough Beg is highly sensitive to development due to the presence of international and national nature conservation sites, its importance as a grazing area for migrating birds, the undeveloped and remote character of this area and its exposure to long range views from Largy Road, Lough Beg Road and Carmagrim Road. These factors act as key constraints to any potential wind energy development within this cSLA. There is a single wind turbine at Newferry in the Mid Ulster District Council area which is particularly prominent in long range views, for example, from Largy Road. This highlights the significant adverse impact that such prominent vertical structures will have on the largely unspoilt character of this sensitive landscape.

SOLAR ENERGY PRESSURE There has been no pressure for solar energy development within this cSLA. The high scenic quality of this landscape, the area’s undeveloped character, the importance of this area for the setting of Lough Beg and the 20

Lower Bann River and exposure of this landscape to public views makes this landscape highly sensitive to large-scale solar farm development. As such, any proposed large-scale solar farm would have an unacceptable adverse visual impact in this area.

SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE Since the introduction of PPS 21 in June 2010 there has generally been low pressure for single dwellings in the countryside within this cSLA. However, permission has been granted for single dwellings close to the river corridor and the shores of Lough Beg, and although the number of approvals is low, this cSLA is a highly sensitive landscape. The high amenity value along this river corridor and the undeveloped character could be easily adversely impacted by further development, particularly if it is poorly sited.

Within LCA 52, ribbon development was identified as an issue in the NILCA 2000 study and ribboning of development along public roads is evident in this cSLA. From the development pressure ‘heat map’, a pocket of relatively high residential development pressure was identified in the area around the Kilcurry Road/Largy Road junction. Ribbon development has occurred along the Kilcurry Road and, along with other residential development, has adversely impacted on the rural character of this area. Ribbon development is also evident along parts of the Largy Road.

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(S) JUSTIFICATION The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape character, conservation and protection of landscape quality, protection of designated areas of the countryside from inappropriate development and protection of important geological and geomorphological features.

Lough Beg and Fringes and Newferry The lough fringes and farmland east of Lough Beg and the floodplain of the Lower Bann River (south of Portglenone) are included within a recognised Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ) as identified in the NILCA 2000 study. Despite commercial peat cutting and some pressure from single dwellings in the countryside within the ASQ, the high scenic quality of this area is still intact.

Lough Beg and its’ fringes are included within internationally and nationally important nature conservation designations (see Evaluation Matrix) which reflect the unique environmental qualities of this area and its’ importance ecologically and for biodiversity. The habitat of Lough Beg and its’ fringes supports a large number of rare or local vascular plant species and internationally important populations of breeding, overwintering and migrating birds. This special area is highly valued by the local community, ornithologists and nature interest groups such as Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). This area also contains an extensive area of peatland (NI Priority Habitat), although a significant part of this peatland has been impacted by commercial peat cutting. Culnafay ASSI is located at Newferry and is of special scientific interest as this site is amongst the most important post-glacial freshwater diatomite deposits in the world and is linked with early human settlement and gives a record of past water levels. There is a scheduled monument on the north-eastern fringe of Lough Beg. Lough Beg and Newferry provide opportunities for water-based recreation activities. There is a water ski club at Newferry and a car park which can be used to as a base for ornithologists. The Lower Bann Canoe Trail includes Lough Beg and Lough Beg is a premier pike fishery.

Lough Beg and its’ fringe area are extremely sensitive to development given their environmental importance.

Although Lough Beg and its fringes are included within nature conservation designations, there are adjoining agriculturally improved areas which are important habitat for swans but which have not been included within these designations. These areas are highly sensitive to development. There has been some pressure for single dwellings in the countryside in this remote area and the undeveloped character has been threatened by recently built dwellings close to the lough shore. Given the significance of this area for migrating and overwintering birds, the environmental sensitivity of this ecologically important landscape and Culnafay ASSI and the unique amenity value of this area for fishing and water-based activities, it is important to protect this area from development which would have an adverse impact on this important habitat.

The SPPS and Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 21: Sustainable Development in the Countryside state that, some areas of the countryside exhibit exceptional landscapes wherein the quality of the landscape and unique

amenity value is such that development should only be permitted in exceptional circumstances. Where appropriate these areas should be designated as Special Countryside Areas (SCAs) in LDPs and appropriate policies brought forward to ensure their protection from unnecessary and inappropriate development. The area including Lough Beg and its’ fringes and Newferry is highly sensitive ecologically and visually and is an area with unique amenity value which is highly valued by nature interest groups and the local community. Therefore, it is considered that in order to provide sufficient policy protection for this special area of MEA, it should be included within a Special Countryside Area designation which only permits development in exceptional circumstances.

Lower Bann River Corridor The floodplain of the Lower Bann River corridor (south of Portglenone) and Porglenone House supplementary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne are included within the Lough Neagh Fringe ASQ. This area exhibits high scenic quality and the river floodplain has an undeveloped character. This area is highly visually sensitive as it is open to views from public receptors and provides an attractive setting for the Lower Bann River, Portglenone House historic demesne and the settlement of Portglenone. On the Lower Bann River floodplain, the open fields surrounded by straight drainage ditches and the riverside woodland are distinctive landscape features.

This area includes important natural and built heritage sites. Portglenone Forest contains long-established woodland and the Lower Bann River supports brown trout (NI Priority Species) and sea trout (NI Priority Species). Portglenone House supplementary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne includes a Cistercian Abbey and Portglenone Forest is highly significant for the setting of this important site.

There are opportunities for recreation along the Lower Bann River Corridor. Visitors can enjoy walking at Portglenone Forest and Portglenone marina and the Lower Bann River provide opportunities for water-based activities such as angling, boating and canoeing.

This area exhibits high scenic quality, has important built and natural heritage features and contributes significantly to the attractive setting of the Lower Bann River, Portglenone House historic demesne and the settlement of Portglenone. However, when considering a SCA designation, this part of the cSLA is not considered to be an exceptional landscape with unique amenity value. Although the Lower Bann River floodplain south of Portglenone (within MEA) has many qualities that elevate its’ importance above other areas of the countryside, the following factors have led to this part of the cSLA not being included within a SCA: 

  

The critical public views of this area are predominantly from the public roads Largy Road and Carmagrim Road which are not key scenic or tourist routes or recognised walking/cycling routes. However, it is recognised that there are some views of the southern part of this area from the approach to Newferry Water Water Ski Club; Although the river corridor is a highly sensitive landscape, public views of the river corridor in northern part of this area are restricted by the topography and intervening vegetation, although it is acknowledged that there are some views of the banks of the Lower River Bann from Main Street bridge; In the northern area of this part of the cSLA Portglenone Forest is a recreation destination where visitors can walk or find fishing points. However, this destination is not considered unique or exceptional to justify SCA designation.

The southern area of this part of the cSLA is visually exposed, has strong aesthetic and perceptual qualities and there has been limited or no degradation of the landscape. However, there are no national or international conservation designations in this area, no significant recreation/tourism sites and the area does not contribute to the setting of any settlements or scenic/tourist “road” routes.

For the reasons stated above this area is not considered sufficiently special to justify SCA designation.

High Structures and Large-Scale Solar Farms Based on the Countryside Assessment, the SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan, that complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas.

The Lough Beg Fringes and Lower Bann River Corridor south of Portglenone is a within an identified ASQ (NILCA 2000) and is visually exposed to views from public roads such as Carmagrim Road, Largy Road and Lough Beg Road and the Water Ski Centre and public car parks (both MEA and Mid Ulster sides of Lower Bann) at Newferry.

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The SPPS adopts a cautious approach for renewable energy development proposals within designated landscapes which are of significant value and their wider settings and recognises that it may be difficult to accommodate renewable energy proposals, including wind turbines, without detriment to the region’s cultural and natural heritage assets.

Although this area (within MEA) has not experienced pressure for wind energy or solar farm development, this area is highly sensitive to this type of development, as demonstrated by the prominence of the single wind turbine located at Newferry (within Mid Ulster). In this area, any high structure (over 15m) or solar farm would have a significant adverse impact on the high scenic quality of this landscape which is so significant for the setting of the highly distinctive areas around Lough Beg and Lower Bann River (south of Portglenone), including the setting of Portglenone House historic demesne. This is particularly the case as this landscape is low lying, is undeveloped in character and there are expansive views across it from key public receptors. As such, these types of development would be unduly prominent and obtrusive in the landscape. Further, these types of development could potentially have a negative impact on the sensitive nature conservation sites around Lough Beg and/or the interaction of wildlife such as birds with these sites. It is noted that the attractive scenery and interesting nature in this area is a “pull factor” for the local community, visitors and those participating in ornithology or water-based pursuits. Therefore, for this cSLA, it is considered appropriate to restrict the height of structures to 15m and to preclude solar farm development in order to provide appropriate protection for the important natural heritage and landscape qualities of this high quality landscape.

Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Special Countryside Area A Special Countryside Area (SCA) (see map) is proposed to protect the tranquil, undeveloped and unspoilt character of the Lough Beg Fringe and Newferry areas and their natural heritage conservation interests. The boundary of the proposed SCA:  aligns to the shared council boundary with Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council;  aligns to the shared council boundary with Mid Ulster District Council;  aligns to Ballyscullion Road and a laneways running southwards and northwards off this road;  aligns to Lough Beg Road;  aligns to Newferry Road; and  aligns to field boundaries (as far as practical) north of Newferry Road to include Cunafay ASSI and a buffer to this natural heritage conservation site.

Area of Constraint on High Structures (ACHS) An Area of Constraint on High Structures (see map) is proposed to protect the Lough Neagh Fringe ASQ and the setting of Portglenone House historic demesne from the adverse visual impacts associated with high structures or large-scale solar farms and the potential adverse environmental impacts such structures could have on the unique natural heritage assets in this area. The boundary of the proposed ACHS:  aligns to the shared council boundary with Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council;  aligns to Lough Beg Road;  aligns to Ballyscullion Road (easterly direction);  aligns to laneways and field boundaries (as far as practical) between Ballyscullion Road and Culnafay Road in running in a north-easterly direction from Ballyscullion Road;  aligns to field boundaries and a stream running between Culnafay Road and Lough Beg Road;  aligns to Lough Beg Road and a laneway before aligning to Kilcurry Road;  aligns to Largy Road;  aligns to Ballymena Road;  aligns to Portglenone settlement development limit;  aligns to the shared council boundary with Mid Ulster District Council; and  abuts the boundary of the Lough Beg SCA.

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PHOTOS

Lower Bann River corridor (to the north/north-east of Newferry) - view from Largy Road

Lower Bann River corridor - view from Main Street bridge, Portglenone

Lower Bann River corridor (to the south of Portglenone) - view from Largy Road 23

Lough Beg and Newferry – view from Carmagrim Road

Wild birds grazing in the Lough Beg fringe area (close to Ballyscullion Road)

Lower Bann River corridor – view northwards from Newferry Road Lough Beg and fringe area – view southwards from Newferry

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Larne – Lough Beg and Lower Bann River Corridor - cSLA 03 Evaluation Matrix Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Distinct

This area is a relatively flat, low-lying landscape with land in the eastern part of this cSLA rising towards Long Mountain Ridge.

The topography of this area is distinct in that it includes the flat, open floodplains of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River.

Loughs

Exceptional

Coastal Shorelines

Not Present

Lough Beg is located downstream of Lough Neagh and is essentially a widening of the Lower Bann River. Lough Beg is part of Lough Beg ASSI, Lough Neagh and Lough Beg Ramsar and SPA. Lough Beg is an extensive wetland habitat which supports beds of submerged aquatic vegetation and the fringes of the lough has species-rich wet grassland (NI Priority Habitat: Floodplain Grazing Marsh), reedbeds (NI Priority Habitat) and swampy woodland (NI Priority Habitat: Wet Woodland) and pasture. This lough also provides important habitat for internationally important populations of breeding, overwintering and migrating birds, some of which are priority species.

Significant River Corridors

Unique

The Lower Bann River (NI Priority Habitat), along with Lough Beg, demarcates the western boundary of MEA and, therefore, is an important landmark for the Borough. The Lower Bann River has important populations of Atlantic Salmon and Brown/Sea Trout (NI Priority Species) and is an important conduit for migrating eels, all of which are economically important species. The Lower Bann River corridor (south of Portglenone) is unique as it has an unspoilt character which transitions from open floodplain to a more wooded landscape immediately south of Portglenone. These factors make this river corridor landscape highly sensitive.

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Degraded

Two large areas of peat cutting in the Lough Beg Road area has created featureless bleak expanses within the landscape. Some small pockets of intact peatland remain.

Exceptional

1. Lough Neagh and Lough Beg Ramsar – Lough Neagh is the largest freshwater lake in the United Kingdom. The site contains the smaller lake Lough Beg (1,125 Ha) which has a mean depth of 1-2 metres and a surface area of 5 square kilometres. This Ramsar site has been designated as it is the largest freshwater lake in the UK and supports beds of submerged aquatic vegetation fringed by associated species-rich damp grassland, reedbeds, islands, fens, marginal swampy woodland and pasture. Further, this site is important for maintaining the ecological diversity of Northern Ireland because of the quality and distinctiveness of its flora and fauna. The site also is significant for supporting internationally or nationally important populations of breeding, overwintering and migrating birds.

Nature Conservation Sites

2. Lough Neagh and Lough Beg Special Protection Area (SPA) – The site qualifies as a wetland of international importance by regularly supporting internationally important numbers of Bewick’s swan and whooper swan. The site also supports nationally important numbers of breeding common tern and over 20,000 waterfowl in winter. The boundary takes in Lough Beg and its islands and Portmore Lough, together with all adjoining natural and semi-natural habitat of conservation significance. Adjoining agriculturally improved areas utilised by swans have not been included but their importance must not be underestimated.

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3. Lough Beg Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – is of special scientific interest by reason of the flora and fauna and the diversity of habitats and wildlife that it supports.

Apart from a navigable deep-water channel, Lough Beg is shallow and as a result is one of the most significant features of the lough is the profuse development of submerged aquatic vegetation over such a large area e.g. pondweeds. Swamp vegetation is represented on the east shore in shallow water. At its landward edge, the swamp gives way to carr woodland of Alder and Willow with occasional fen. Lough Beg contains internationally important concentrations of wintering wildfowl and is a passage site for large numbers of migrant waders.

Species rich wet grassland is an important habitat for wildlife, and Lough Beg contains one of the largest areas of such grassland in Northern Ireland. Wildfowl make use of both open water and surrounding open habitats for feeding, particularly wet grassland.

Significant Geological sites

Nature Reserves Woodland

Exceptional

1. Culnafay ASSI – The area is of special scientific interest because of its deposits of diatomite (also known as Bann clay) consisting of accumulated diatoms with different amounts of clay, silt and sand. Diatoms are microscopic aquatic plants surrounded by a silica box. This is the largest good quality deposit remaining in the area and is amongst the most important post-glacial freshwater diatomite deposits in the world. The diatomite is of international importance for biological, geological, hydrological and climatological reasons. It has links with early human settlement sites and gives a record of past water levels.

Not Present Unique

There is a significant area of woodland associated with Portglenone Forest and part of this forest is Long Established Woodland which is rare within MEA. There is also woodland immediately to the south of this forest which stretches along part of the eastern bank of the Lower Bann River.

There are significant areas of woodland on the fringes of Lough Beg, including some areas of wet woodland (NI Priority Habitat).

These woodland areas add to the distinctiveness of the floodplain areas of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River.

Overall Landscape Sensitivity

High: by reason of the high scenic quality and exceptional natural heritage assets and wetland habitats (Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River and their floodplains) present in this area. Much of this cSLA is located within the Lough Neagh Fringe Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ) and many parts have an undeveloped and unspoilt character with a high sense of tranquillity. Natural heritage conservation sites of international and national importance are contained within this area and the natural heritage assets that these sites contain are exceptional or rare in a Northern Ireland context. The Lower Bann River provides habitat for important species of fish and represents an important landmark within our Borough as it marks the western edge of the council boundary. Portglenone Forest contains Long Established Woodland which is rare in a NI context and is important for the setting of Portglenone House historic demesne.

In summary, Lough Beg and its’ associated conservation sites, Culanfay ASSI, the Lower Bann River, the floodplain areas, the Long Established Woodland at Portglenone Forest and Portglenone House historic demesne combine to create a landscape which is highly sensitive to development and which contributes significantly to the landscape character, sense of place and local identity of this area.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded ASQ

The lough fringes and farmland east of Lough Beg and the floodplain of the Lower Bann River (south of Portglenone) are included within the Lough Neagh Fringe Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ) as identified in the NILCA 2000 study. This ASQ is recognized for its high scenic quality, strong sense of tranquillity and natural and built heritage value. Key elements include the undeveloped character of this area, the floodplain areas of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River, national and international natural heritage designations, Portglenone Forest, other areas of woodland and Portglenone House historic demesne.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors Scenic / Tourist Route

Description There are views of the banks of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River and wider area when travelling on these water-bodies by boat or canoe. Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River are included on the route of the Lower Bann River Canoe Trail. The scenic quality and nature assets in this area are “pull factors” for visitors.

There are no views of this area from recognised scenic/tourist “road” routes.

Visitor / Recreational sites

There are critical views of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River fringe areas from Newferry Water Ski Centre and public car park.

There are views of the banks of the Lower Bann River from designated fishing points along this river.

Recognised walking/cycle routes Residential Areas Public Roads

There are no views of this area from recognised walking/cycle routes.

There are no critical views of this area from residential areas.

There are short-medium distance views of the eastern fringes of Lough Beg and floodplain area from Ballyscullion Road, Lough Beg Road and Newferry Road.

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There are long distance views of the eastern fringes of Lough Beg and floodplain area from Largy Road and Carmagrim Road.

There are short-medium distance views of the Lower Bann River floodplain from Newferry Road.

There are medium-long distance views of the Lower Bann River floodplain from Largy Road and Carmagrim Road. However, when travelling north along Largy Road towards Portglenone, views of the Lower Bann River can be restricted by hedgerows, trees, woodland and land elevated above the floodplain.

There are views of along the banks of the Lower Bann River from the Main Street bridge in Portglenone.

Overall Visual Sensitivity

Medium - High: by reason of the medium distance views of the Lough Beg and Lower Bann River fringe areas from Newferry public car park and the critical views of these areas from the public roads mentioned above. When assessing the general visual sensitivity of the whole cSLA against the criteria in the Landscape Character Assessment methodology, regard was had to short-medium views of the banks of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River and wider area when travelling along the Lower Bann River Canoe Trail and from Newferry Water Ski Centre and designated fishing points. The general visual sensitivity for the whole cSLA was not classified as “high” because the critical views from the key visitor-recreation sites are mainly limited to the areas close to the banks of the Lower Bann River or from the water-bodies themselves (Lough Beg and Lower Bann River) and these views are not expansive. However, it is noted that many parts of this cSLA have an open and undeveloped character and are, therefore, highly visually sensitive to certain prominent or obtrusive types of development.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) This area has strong aesthetic and perceptual qualities and is located within the Lough Neagh Fringe ASQ which is an area of high scenic quality. The fringe areas of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River have limited or no intrusive development and this is a landscape with a deeply rural and tranquil character. The undeveloped character of this area has been retained and provides an attractive setting for the Lower Bann River and Lough Beg which represent key recreational sites, for example, these water-bodies are used for angling, boating and canoeing. There are opportunities to explore this area on foot at Newferry public car park and within Portglenone Forest. The high scenic quality of this area and the exceptional wildlife found here also act as key “pull” factors for visitors and the local community.

This area contains internationally and nationally important nature conservation sites that are of significant interest for biologists, ecologists, geologists and ornithologists (see ‘Nature Conservation Sites’ and ‘Significant Geological Sites’ sections above).

Portglenone House historic demesne also represents an area with unique built heritage features and this area exhibits high scenic quality. This demesne includes Our Lady of Bethlehem Abbey, Holy Wells, a mound and fortification. Three listed buildings are located on the southern edge of Portglenone and two of these are associated with the Cistercian Abbey.

A scheduled monument consisting of prehistoric standing stones is located on the north-eastern fringe of Lough Beg. Portglenone House historic demesne and the Lower Bann River contribute to the attractive setting of Portglenone.

Overall Landscape Value

High: by reason of the high scenic quality of this area, the special natural heritage and historic environment assets, and the fact that there has been limited or no degradation of the landscape character and key landscape features. These special landscape qualities and heritage assets are highly valued by the local community and visitors as well as natural heritage conservation interest groups. The northern part of this cSLA is important for the setting of Portglenone.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) The floodplain areas of Lough Beg and the Lower Bann River are areas at risk of flooding.

Settlement Setting Portglenone

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement The Lower Bann River and Portglenone House historic demesne combine to create an attractive setting for the southern edge of Portglenone. The woodland associated with Portglenone House historic demesne helps create a sense of enclosure for parts of this settlement.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate SLA 04 - Statement of Landscape Value LOCATION This candidate Sensitive Landscape Area (cSLA) relates to the area associated with the ridgeline between Larne and Glenarm and includes Knock Dhu, Sallagh Braes, Scawt Hill and the headland east of Glenarm.

This area also includes the coastal lowlands between the coast and the ridgeline.

Ref: cSLA 04 – Name: Larne - Glenarm Ridge and Coastal Lowlands LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 18 Antrim Plateau and Glens RLCA 19 South Antrim Hills and Six Mile Water LCA 123 Larne Glens LCA 124 Larne Basalt Moorland LCA 126 Larne Coast LCA 127 Larne Ridgeline NI Seascape Character Area 10 Southern Glens Coast EXISTING DESIGNATIONS AONB: Antrim Coast and Glens ASSIs: Feystown, Knock Dhu and Sallagh Braes, Linford and Scawt Hill Local Nature Reserve: Feystown Area of Special Archaeological Interest: Knockdhu Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Carnfunnock Country Park (registered) Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Cairndhu (supplementary) LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE The area is remote and a sparsely populated landscape with isolated farmsteads which are primarily located on the undulating lowland between the coast and the ridgeline of the basalt uplands. The land to the west of the ridgeline is elevated moorland which is part of a large-scale sweeping plateau and the northern part of this area includes agricultural land associated with the headland east/south-east of Glenarm. Woodland cover is sparse and is limited to some wooded areas on the steep scarp slopes on the edge of the Antrim Plateau and a small linear belt of woodland along the Altmore River (Dickeystown Road area). The moorland plateau is open and exposed with few field boundaries. The undulating lowland in this cSLA is open and exposed to views from the coast and field boundaries are generally hedgerows. Public vehicular access to the elevated moorland area is limited which contrasts to the more settled landscape of the undulating lowland below.

The geology in this area has resulted in a number of unique and distinctive landscape features which are prominent in views in this relatively open landscape, particularly in views from the coast. These landscape features include Knockdhu, Sallagh Braes, Scawt Hill and the headland east/south-east of Glenarm and, cumulatively, these landscape features result in a highly valued landscape that contributes to a strong sense of place and local distinctiveness. For example, this dramatic landscape and highly significant for the settings of Ballygalley, Carncastle and Glenarm and functions as a dramatic backdrop for the Causeway Coastal Route.

Knock Dhu (‘the black hill’ in Gaelic) is an iconic prominent headland located on the east-facing scarp of the Antrim Plateau. The neck of the headland has been exploited to create a triple-rampart promontory fort. The fort is bounded by impressive cliffs to the north and south and a steep slope to the east, whilst the site’s western side gently extends out on to the Antrim Plateau. From Knock Dhu there are views of the coastal plain and Knock Dhu itself is visible from much of the wider area. There is a designated Area of Significant Archaeological Interest (ASAI) (Larne Area Plan 2010) at Knock Dhu which aims to protect the overall setting of this historically important landscape which includes a number of significant individual and related historic

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas environment sites and monuments which are evidence of human settlement in this area. Linford ASSI is located within this ASAI and is a site of important earth science interest due to the excellent examples of surface karst features which are distinctive landforms created through the interaction of water and limestone.

It is possible there is a link between the human earthworks and the karst landforms.

Sallagh Braes is a large, semi-circular basalt escarpment which plunges down to the farmland below and has resulted in a vast natural amphitheatre. It is thought that this exceptional landscape feature was created when ice retreated at the end of the last Ice Age causing the unstable basalt cliffs (underlain by softer mudstone) to be prone to huge landslips which have given Sallagh Braes its’ present form. There are views of this natural amphitheatre from Ballygalley and public roads to the east, for example from Brustin Brae Road and the Old Glenarm Road.

Within Knock Dhu and Sallagh Braes ASSI freely-draining soils have developed over the underlying chalk and basalt, giving rise to a type of dry grassland known as calcareous grassland (extensive examples of this type of grassland are rare in NI) and in this area this grassland is species-rich and supports a substantial population of the Grayling butterfly, which has limited distribution within NI. The complex topography of cliffs, ravines and scree and the combination of basalt and limestone rock provides a wide variety of habitats at Knock Dhu and Sallagh Braes, making it one of the most important sites in NI for mosses.

Scawt Hill is a prominent knoll to the north of Knock Dhu. The summit of Scawt Hill rises approximately 30m above the general level of the Antrim Plateau to a height of 378m O.D. and marks the outcrop of an olivine dolerite plug. This roughly circular outcrop has a distinctive east-facing precipitous cliff which contributes significantly to this visually interesting ridgeline. Scawt Hill ASSI is designated in this area and geological processes at the plug have produced a remarkable series of minerals, many rare and some described for the first time (see Evaluation Matrix below). The biological interest in this area is the acid grassland below the crag which supports various plant communities. The crag provides a regular nesting site for peregrine falcon.

Glenarm headland (headland east/south-east of Glenarm) is a striking feature in this landscape and provides a highly distinctive backdrop for the historical village of Glenarm. This headland is prominent in views on the northern approach to Glenarm with the farmed landscape contrasting with the wooded Glenarm glen. This headland and the escarpment to the south/south-east are important landscape features which are visually exposed in views from Ballygalley and the Coast Road and help provide a dramatic backdrop for the coastal area and the Causeway Coastal Route.

Feystown ASSI abuts the Feystown Road. This small area of semi-natural grassland is a local nature reserve managed by the Ulster Wildlife Trust and is important for its’ species rich grassland and the presence of Wood Crane’s-Bill (NI Priority Species) which is a rare and threatened species in the UK. In consideration of strategic landscape designations, the small area coverage and peripheral location of this site (within this cSLA) is notable.

The upland area is popular with walkers and runners there are recognised walking trails that explore the undeveloped moorland and ridge areas. For example, the Ulster Way (Glenarm to Ballynure section) and Antrim Hills Way are waymarked trails that run south from Glenarm across pastoral land and moorland, hugging the ridge running between Glenarm and Larne. From these trails there are views across the wild moorland landscape, the coastal area and the undeveloped ridgeline.

The coastal lowlands is an area of high scenic quality which has experienced limited degradation and provides an attractive backdrop for the coast, Ballygalley, the Causeway Coastal Route and foreground setting for the prominent ridgeline between Larne and Glenarm. This area includes the Historic Parks, Gardens and Demesnes of Carnfunnock (registered) and Cairndhu (supplementary) and the coastal lowlands and the ridgeline are important for the setting of these significant landscape assets.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE This cSLA has experienced medium pressure for wind energy development.

There was an application for a wind farm (6 no. turbines) west/north-west of Scawt Hill which was dismissed on appeal and there has been low pressure for single wind turbines close to this application site.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council There has been some pressure for single wind turbines in the northern part of this cSLA. One of these applications, located on the headland east of Glenarm (north-east of Dickeystown Road), was approved and has had an adverse visual impact on this visually exposed headland which is an important landscape feature located on the Causeway Coastal Route.

Outside of settlement development limits there has been an application for a single wind turbine at three sites between Ballygalley and Carncastle. Two of these applications were refused planning permission and one was granted planning permission.

An area south of Sallagh Braes and west of Larne town has experienced high pressure for wind energy development in the form of single wind turbines and wind farm development. In this area there has been a number of single wind turbines erected and these have had an adverse visual impact on the foreground setting of Agnew’s Hill. The impact of these wind turbines in this area is an example of the adverse visual impact wind turbines can have on the setting of key landscape features. Within the natural amphitheatre of Sallagh Braes, which is visually highly sensitive, there has been pressure for single wind turbines. There has also been pressure for single wind turbines in the area immediately to the south and east of Sallagh Braes which is an area important for the setting of this exceptional landscape feature.

Generally, this coastal area exhibits exceptional scenic quality and is highly visually sensitive to wind energy development due to the visual exposure of this area and its’ key landscape features to views from the Causeway Coastal Route, settlements and recreation areas such as recognised walking routes. Further, the key landscape features in this cSLA provide a dramatic backdrop for the settlements of Ballygalley, Carncastle, Glenarm and Larne and frames the setting of these settlements and the coast, including the Coast Road. Wind energy development is also highly likely to impact on either the wild character of the moorland in the western part of this cSLA and/or the setting of key landscape features, for example, prominent hills or the area of significant archaeological interest.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There has been no pressure for solar energy development within this cSLA. The exceptional scenic quality of this landscape and the importance of this area for the setting of coastal settlements, the Causeway Coastal Route and recognised walking routes makes this landscape highly sensitive to large-scale solar farm development. As such, any proposed large-scale solar farm would have an unacceptable adverse visual impact in this area.

SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas This cSLA, which is included within the Antrim Coast and Glens (AONB), exhibits exceptional scenic quality which, in conjunction with the highly distinctive landscape features along the ridgeline (Larne-Glenarm), contributes to the visual experience when driving along the Coast Road and to the distinctive setting of the settlements in this coastal area. The key landscape features of interest include Sallagh Braes, Knock Dhu, Scawt Hill, the headland east of Glenarm, the ASAI at Knock Dhu and the historic demesnes at Carnfunnock and Cairndhu. Additionally, the high scenic quality of the coastal lowland is also a key concern as this area helps frame the foreground setting of the key landscape features and the wider setting of the coast and coastal settlements. These features and areas are highly sensitive to inappropriate development.

In addition to the significant landscape features and the ASAI, this area includes nationally important nature conservation sites. Knock Dhu and Sallagh Braes ASSI has calcareous grassland (NI Priority Habitat) which supports a substantial population of the Grayling butterfly (NI Priority Species) and this site is one of the most important sites in NI for mosses. To the north-west of this site, Linford ASSI exhibits excellent examples of surface karst features which are distinctive landforms created through the interaction of water and limestone and Scawt Hill ASSI includes a volcanic plug and a remarkable series of minerals. These important natural heritage sites add significant value to this area in regard to the area’s importance for biodiversity and geology.

The pastoral land and moorland area south/south-east of Glenarm has includes walking routes which are part of the Antrim Hills Way and Ulster Way (Glenarm to Ballynure section). These routes are highly valued by the local community and visitors as they can experience the wild moorland, the prominent mounds close to Linford car park (thought to be Neolithic burial sites dating from around 4000 BC), spectacular views of Knockdhu and Scawt Hill and the curving cliffs of Sallagh Braes and panoramic views of the coastal lowlands.

These landscape elements combine to create a walking route that has contrasting views of the coast and the moorland which adds to the ‘sense of adventure’ of exploring this area which has a wild character. These factors add significant value to this landscape.

This Candidate SLA is considered highly vulnerable to change as it is a high-quality landscape with unique and exceptional features that contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness. This cSLA also contains a number of nationally important nature conservation sites and significant historic environment features which, along with the wild character and spectacular views experienced in this area, result in a landscape which is highly valued by the local community, visitors and various interest groups such as botanists and geologists.

Based on the Countryside Assessment, the SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan, that complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas.

Since the introduction of PPS 21 in June 2010 there has been very low pressure for single dwellings in the countryside in the sparsely populated moorland area of this cSLA. This part of the cSLA has a low level of built development. There has been relatively low pressure for single dwellings in the countryside in the coastal area (undulating lowlands) of this cSLA, although some areas of medium development pressure have been indicated south-west of Ballygalley and along the Drumnagreagh Road.

High Structures and Large-Scale Solar Farms

The cumulative impacts of single countryside dwellings and/or the erection of poorly located or badly designed buildings on this highly sensitive and exposed landscape (particularly on the more prominent elevated sections) could have irreversible adverse impacts on the scenic quality and landscape character exhibited by this cSLA.

The southern fringes of this cSLA and around Sallagh Braes have experienced high pressure for wind energy development and other areas such as an area west of Knock Dhu and Scawt Hill and the Dickeystown Road area have experienced some pressure for such development. Due to the importance and visual sensitivity of the landscape features and qualities of this area (discussed above), it is considered that any tall structure (over 15m) in this area would have a significant adverse impact on one or more of the following: the wild character of the moorland, the visual integrity of the undeveloped ridgeline (between Larne and Glenarm) and headland east of Glenarm, the setting of exceptional landscape features (e.g. Knock Dhu and associated historic environment assets, Sallagh Braes, nature conservation sites), the excellent scenic quality of the coastal lowland and the key views into, and from, this area. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to restrict the height of structures to 15m in this cSLA.

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(S): JUSTIFICATION The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include protecting and enhancing the coast, promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape character, conservation and protection of landscape quality, protection of designated areas of the countryside from inappropriate development and protection of important geological and geomorphological features.

The SPPS adopts a cautious approach for renewable energy development proposals within designated landscapes which are of significant value and their wider settings and recognises that it may be difficult to accommodate renewable energy proposals, including wind turbines, without detriment to the region’s cultural and natural heritage assets.

It is also considered that large-scale solar farms would have a significant adverse visual impact on this landscape due to factors such as the relatively large area coverage of such installations and the lightreflecting properties of the solar panels. These factors mean such development would be inappropriately 29

Mid and East Antrim Borough Council obtrusive in this landscape, particularly given the excellent scenic quality of this area and the high visual exposure of this landscape to views from key receptors such as the Causeway Coastal Route, coastal settlements and key viewing points associated with the Antrim Hills Way and Ulster Way. Therefore, it is proposed that large-scale solar farms should not be permitted in this area.

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas  aligns to Dickeystown Road to abut with the proposed Larne Coast and Headlands Special Countryside Area (SCA).

Extant Area of Constraint on Minerals Development (ACMD) The Larne Area Plan 2010 included the area considered under this cSLA within a designated Area of Constraint on Minerals Development (ACMD) in recognition of the area’s considerable scenic value and conservation value. This designated policy area applied regional policy for areas of constraint on mineral development to these areas.

In regard to minerals development, the SPPS (para 6.154) states that the policy approach for minerals development , including peat extraction from bog lands, must be to balance the need for minerals resources against the need to protect and conserve the environment. The SPPS (para 6.155) does make provision for LDPs to identify areas which should be protected from minerals development because of their intrinsic landscape, amenity, scientific or heritage value, stating that there should be a general presumption against minerals development in such areas.

The landscape quality, assets and visual sensitivity of this area has been documented above. Any minerals development in this area would be inappropriate, as it is considered such proposals would likely lead to unacceptable adverse impacts on this exceptional landscape and/or the sensitive natural heritage sites present. For example, minerals development would be highly likely to have a significant adverse impact on the wild moorland, Knockdhu ASAI, the undeveloped ridgeline (between Larne and Glenarm) and the coastal lowlands. It is considered that if the important characteristics and features in this sensitive landscape became degraded by minerals operations they could not be acceptably replaced or restored by restorative works.

Therefore, it is recommended that this area is included within the extant ACMD designation, if this designation is to be retained. Further, it is recommended to extend the extant ACMD designation to include all of the Knockdhu ASAI as designated in the Larne Area Plan 2010 in order to protect the important historic environment sites within the ASAI designation and their settings.

Note: There is currently no evidence in relation to the minerals industry that supports removing this designation which provides protection for the landscape assets of this cSLA. Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Area of Constraint on High Structures (ACHS) An Area of Constraint on High Structures (see map) is proposed to protect the visual integrity of the ridgeline (between Larne and Glenarm), its’ setting and the setting of significant heritage assets from the adverse visual impacts associated with high structures or large-scale solar farms.

The boundary of the proposed ACHS: abuts the proposed SCA designation proposed for the Larne Coast and Headlands; aligns to Larne settlement development limit (between Coast Road and Old Glenarm Road); aligns to Old Glenarm Road (between Larne settlement limit and junction with Tobergel Lane); aligns to Tobergel Lane; aligns to Ballytober Road; aligns to Ballymullock Road (between junction with Ballymullock Road and 36 Ballymullock Road); aligns to laneway at 36 Ballymullock Road (laneway runs between Ballymullock Road and Mullaghsandall Road);  aligns to Mullaghsandall Road (between laneway at 36 Ballymullock Road and junction with Loughdoo Road);  aligns to Loughdoo Road (leading to Feystown Road);  aligns to Feystown Road (between junction with Loughdoo Road and junction with Dickeystown Road); and

      

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PHOTOS

Sallagh Braes, Knockdhu and Scawt Hill – view from picnic site/car park at Ballygalley

Knockdhu and Scawt Hill – view from Brustin Brae Road

Sallagh Braes – view from Brustin Brae Road

Plateau around Sallagh Braes – view northwards from Mullaghsandall Road 31

Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Ridgeline from Scawt Hill to Lady’s Hill (Glenarm) – view from picnic site/car park at Ballygalley

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

Headland to the east of Glenarm – view south-eastwards from the Coast Road

Ridgeline to the south-east of Glenarm – view north-eastwards from Munie Road 32

Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

Larne - Glenarm Ridge - cSLA 04 EVALUATION MATRIX Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Exceptional

The strong linear ridgeline (between Larne and Glenarm) and the highly distinctive topographical features associated with this ridgeline contribute result in a dramatic backdrop for the part of the Antrim coast between Larne and Glenarm.

Dramatic natural amphitheatre of Sallagh Braes.

Knock Dhu is an iconic prominent headland bounded by impressive cliffs to the north and south and a steep slope to the east.

Scawt Hill is a highly distinctive and prominent volcanic plug.

Distinctive prominent headland to the east/south-east of Glenarm.

Undulating moorland that has a wild character located on the Antrim Plateau.

Coastal lowlands

Loughs

Not Present

Coastal Shorelines

Not Present

Significant River Corridors

Not present

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Distinct

There are areas of peatland at Sallagh Braes, north-west of Knock Dhu and north-west of Scawt Hill. Some pockets of bog have been drained to improve hill grazing. Some peat cutting has occurred on the peatland at Sallagh Braes. There are other small pockets of peat distributed throughout the upland moorland area.

Exceptional

1. Feystown ASSI – this designation is a small area of semi-natural grassland managed in a traditional way. It is important not only for its species-rich grassland, but also because of the presence of Wood Cranesbill (a rare and threatened species in the UK protected by the Wildlife Order). It is likely that Wood Cranesbill has survived at Feystown because of traditional farming practices.

Nature Conservation Sites

2. Knock Dhu and Sallagh Braes Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – declared an ASSI because of the variety of earth science features, habitats and species that the site supports. The large, semi-circular cliff at Sallagh Braes is notable for huge landslips which occurred in the past as a result of the geology and the glacial history of the site.

The cliffs are composed of harder rocks (basalt and chalk) underlain by softer rocks (particularly Jurassic mudstone), making them very unstable. When ice receded at the end of the last Ice Age, the unsupported steep cliffs, underlain by the softer rocks, were prone to huge landslips which are evident today. Freely-draining soils have developed over the underlying chalk and basalt, giving rise to a type of dry grassland known as calcareous grassland (extensive examples of this type of grassland are rare in NI) and in this area this grassland is species-rich and supports a substantial population of the Grayling butterfly, which has limited distribution within NI. The complex topography of cliffs, ravines and scree and the combination of basalt and limestone rock provides a wide variety of habitats at Knock Dhu and Sallagh Braes, making it one of the most important sites in NI for mosses.

3. Scawt Hill ASSI - Scawt Hill is a prominent knoll to the north of Knock Dhu. The summit of Scawt Hill marks the outcrop of an olivine dolerite plug. This roughly circular outcrop has a distinctive east-facing precipitous cliff. Scawt Hill ASSI is designated in this area by reason of its’ flora and geological features. Geological processes at the plug contacts has produced a remarkable series of minerals, many rare and some described for the first time, for example, the silicate minerals larnite, scawtite, hydrocalumite, rankinite and portlandite. The biological interest in this area is the acid grassland which has developed on the well-drained basaltic soils below the crag and supports various plant communities. The crag provides a regular nesting site for peregrine falcon.

Significant Geological sites

Unique

1. Knock Dhu and Sallagh Braes ASSI – see ASSI notes above.

2. Scawt Hill ASSI – see ASSI notes above.

3. Linford ASSI - The area is of special earth science interest because of its’ excellent examples of surface karst features not usually seen on the age of rocks found in the site.

The distinctive karst features have formed through the interaction of water and limestone – at Linford rain and flowing water is able to dissolve the rock creating distinctive dolines (circular depressions), sinks (where water disappears below the surface) and a dry valley where water once flowed at the surface. These surface karst features have

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developed on the Cretaceous age Ulster White Limestone. In Antrim, these rocks are usually capped by basalt, sealing them off from the surface and the direct action of the water. Howerver, at this site the basalt was likely removed during the last Ice Age. Linford ASSI is also within an Area of Significant Archaeological Interest.

Linford ASSI is located within this ASAI and is a site of important earth science interest due to the excellent examples of surface karst features which are distinctive landforms created through the interaction of water and limestone. It is possible there is a link between the human earthworks and the karst landforms.

Nature Reserves Woodland

Overall Landscape Sensitivity

Unique Indistinct

Feystown Local Nature Reserve – this pleasant meadow is managed by the Ulster Wildlife Trust and is their smallest nature reserve. The importance of this site is outlined under Feystown ASSI. Woodland cover is sparse and is limited to some wooded areas on the steep scarp slopes on the edge of the Antrim Plateau and a small linear belt of woodland along the Altmore River (Dickeystown Road area).

High: by reason of the exceptional scenic quality and unique natural and built heritage assets present in this area. This area is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB and the dramatic landscape features along the ridgeline (between Larne and Glenarm) and the wild character of the moorland on the Antrim Plateau combine to create an area of exceptional scenic quality. Natural heritage conservation sites of national importance are contained within this area – Feystown ASSI, Knock Dhu and Sallagh Braes ASSI, Linford ASSI and Scawt Hill ASSI. These special natural heritage sites, the wild character of the moorland, the highly distinctive landforms along the ridgeline and the special historic environment features contained within Knock Dhu Area of Significant Archaeological Interest (ASAI) are rare features in a Northern Ireland context and contribute significantly to the landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness of this area. Additionally, the high scenic quality of the coastal lowlands contributes to the high landscape quality in this area. All of these features are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development.

Visual Sensitivity Location AONB

Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded This area falls within the boundary of the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is highly valued for its scenic and perceptual qualities. Key features within this cSLA include the dramatic landforms along the ridgeline (between Larne and Glenarm); the wild, unspoilt and undeveloped character of the moorland and ridgeline; the regular field structure, well-maintained hedges and deep rural character of the coastal lowlands, and the key natural heritage and historic environment assets present.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors Scenic / Tourist Route

Visitor / Recreational sites

Description There are strong critical views of the ridgeline (between Larne and Glenarm), scarp slopes and coastal lowlands from the Antrim Coast Road which is a major tourist attraction for Northern Ireland. Knock Dhu, Scawt Hill and the headland east of Glenarm are highly visually exposed in views from the Coast Road on the southern approach to Ballygalley and there are some limited views of Sallagh Braes on this approach. This unique combination of landscape features dominates the skyline and the coastal lowlands form a highly scenic foreground setting to these dramatic features.

There are critical views of the ridgeline and associated features and the coastal lowlands from Ballygalley Beach, Ballygalley Castle Hotel, Cairndhu Golf Club, Ballygalley Beach.

There are critical views of Knock Dhu and parts of the coastal lowlands around Cairncastle from Linford Car Park and Viewpoint.

There are critical views of the headland east of Glenarm from Glenarm Marina.

Recognised walking/cycle routes

There are critical views of the ridgeline and its dramatic landscape features from the Causeway Coast Cycle Route and the East Coast Canoe trail which hugs the Antrim Coast.

There are critical views of the moorland, key landscape features (associated with the ridgeline) and the coastal lowlands from the Antrim Hills Way and Ulster Way. In particular, there are spectacular views from Linford Car Park and Viewpoint, Knock Dhu and Sallagh Braes across this landscape.

Residential Areas Public Roads

There are long-distance critical views of the ridgeline and associated features from residential areas within Ballygalley, Cairncastle, and elevated residential areas in the north of Larne (for example residential area adjacent Brustin Brae Road and Killyglen Road).

There are critical views of Sallagh Braes, Knock Dhu and Scawt Hill from the Coast Road, Old Glenarm Road, Brustin Brae Road, Ballymullock Road and Mullaghsandall Road.

There are critical views of the coastal lowlands from Drumnagreagh Road and Ballycoose Road.

There are critical views of the headland east of Glenarm from the Coast Road, Munie Road and Tully Road.

There are critical views of the moorland west of Sallagh Braes and along the ridgeline from the Mullaghsandall Road.

There are critical views of the moorland west of Knock Dhu and along the ridgeline from the Loughdoo Road.

There are critical views of the moorland from the Feystown Road.

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Overall Visual Sensitivity

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

High: by reason of the long-distance critical views of the dramatic and interesting landscape features in this area from critical viewpoints. For example, Sallagh Braes, Knock Dhu, Scawt Hill and the headland east of Glenarm are exposed to long distance views from the A2 Coast Road, the beach at Ballygalley and residential areas within settlements. Unique landscape features such as Sallagh Braes and Knock Dhu can also be viewed from the Antrim Hills Way and Ulster Way, and from these special landscape areas there are views across the coastal lowlands to the coast. Therefore, this area is highly visually sensitive to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) This area has strong aesthetic and perceptual qualities and is located within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is an area of high scenic quality. The moorland area on the edge of the Antrim Plateau has limited or no intrusive development and the coastal lowlands have a deeply rural character with limited degradation. This area has an undeveloped ridgeline with associated distinctive landscape features that combine to provide a dramatic backdrop for the coastal area, Causeway Coastal Route, key recreation sites and settlements. This landscape which exhibits excellent scenic quality in many parts is highly valued by the local community, visitors and tourists. This landscape and unique features contribute to the unique experience of driving along the Coast Road.

This area contains nationally important nature conservation sites that are of significant interest for botanists and geologists (see ‘Nature Conservation Sites’ and ‘Significant Geological Sites’ sections above).

Unique features such as Sallagh Braes and Knock Dhu are located in a special landscape that attracts visitors and tourists who come to experience the spectacular views, wild character of the landscape and explore the special historic environment and geological features in the Knock Dhu/Linford area. The Knock Dhu/Linford area is located within Knock Dhu ASAI (designated within the Larne Area Plan 2010) which is an area with a high concentration of special individual and related archaeological sites and monuments. Scheduled monuments included within this ASAI include a promontory fort, round cairn, standing stone, two megalithic tombs, a headless cross and a prehistoric flint quarry. Other important landscape assets include the historic demesnes of Carnfunnock and Cairndhu.

Overall Landscape Value

High: by reason of the excellent scenic quality of this area, the special natural heritage and historic environment assets, and the fact that there has been limited or no degradation of the landscape character and key landscape features. These special landscape qualities and heritage assets are highly valued by the local community, visitors and tourists as well as nature interest groups.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) No Risk

Settlement Setting Glenarm/Ballygalley/ Cairncastle

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement The ridgeline (between Larne and Glenarm) and prominent landscape features such as Sallagh Braes, Knock Dhu and Scawt Hill provide a dramatic backdrop for Ballygalley, Cairncastle and parts of Larne creating a strong sense of place and local distinctiveness.

The prominent headland at Glenarm provides a distinctive backdrop and sense of enclosure for the historic village of Glenarm.

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Candidate cSLA 05 - Statement of Landscape Value LOCATION This area takes in the eastern and north-eastern part of the Garron Plateau and the fringe areas associated with the Larne coast and the Glencloy Glen.

Ref: cSLA 01 – Name: Garron Plateau: Eastern Summits, Scarp Slops and Fringes (west and north of Carnlough) LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 18 Antrim Plateau and Glens LCA 122 Garron Plateau LCA 123 Larne Glens EXISTING DESIGNATIONS AONB: Antrim Coast and Glens Ramsar: Garron Plateau SAC: Garron Plateau SPA: Antrim Hills ASSIs: Black Burn; Galboly; Garron Plateau; Gortnagory and Lemnalary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Drumnasole House (registered) Historic Park, Garden and Demesne: Garron Tower (supplementary) LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE Garron Plateau (eastern area) This area lies within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is a formal statutory designation in recognition of a landscape’s national importance in regard to its’ scenic qualities and nature conservation and heritage value.

The Garron Plateau is part of a `table' of Upper Basalt located to the north-east of Ballymena and stretches to the Garron Point where dramatic stepped cliffs plunge into the sea. On the summits there are extensive tracts of peat bog which support bog communities of heathers, moorland grasses and rushes. The landform in this area is uneven with rocky outcrops, deeply incised water courses and steep cliffs, and there are numerous upland loughs. Access to this part of the Garron Plateau is limited and this wild upland area remains largely undisturbed by human intervention with development generally limited to a few isolated buildings, many of which are derelict. The wild unspoilt beauty of this upland moorland is appreciated by those seeking solitude and tranquillity.

This candidate SLA includes a significant part of the Garron Plateau ASSI, Ramsar and SAC sites which recognise the important natural heritage assets contained within this unique area. The Garron Plateau is the largest area of intact blanket bog (NI Priority Habitat) in Northern Ireland and the peatland supports a number of rare and notable plant and animal species, a diverse upland breeding bird population (includes Antrim Hills SPA), sphagnum mosses and a wide variety of insects (see Evaluation Matrix below). This part of the candidate SLA is also part of the catchment area for Dungonnell Dam which supplies water to parts of our Council area and Causeway Coast and Glens Council area. Cleggan Forest is located within the Garron Plateau LCA but lies outside of the area considered here.

The eastern ridgeline has highly distinctive and prominent scarps and rounded knolls that are visually exposed in views from the A2 Coast Road, Carnlough and other public roads such as the A42 Ballymena Road. This eastern ridgeline contributes significantly to the setting of Carnlough, the Antrim coast and the A2 Coast Road which is a major tourist route.

Larne Coast (north and west of Carnlough excluding area immediately adjacent to coastal area)

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas This area is part of a narrow coastal strip backed by dramatic basalt cliffs and scarp slopes (often wooded) which form part of the eastern ridge of the Garron Plateau. The undulating topography aids the integration of farmsteads and dwellings into the landscape, and the area’s regular field pattern and well-maintained hedgerow boundaries contribute to the high landscape quality of this area. The old quarry scars are a distinctive feature along the steep slopes above Carnlough and the headland at Garron Point is a striking landmark. This area is included within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB and its’ location between the moorland summits of the Garron Plateau and shoreline of the Antrim coast make this distinctive landscape highly significantly for the setting of the Antrim Coast Road and Carnlough. The scarp slopes are prominent in views from the Ballymena Road (A42), Ballyvaddy Road, the Coast Road (A2), and Largy Road.

Garron Point is a significant landmark along the Coast Road which has been formed by a geological process referred to as rotational slip, in which large blocks of basalt and chalk have moved down slope and rotated. This slippage occurred around the end of the last glacial period of the Ice Age (some 13,000 years ago). As a result, Garron Point is a good site to view blocks of black basalt at the same level as the Cretaceous chalk.

Cranny Falls is a Local Nature Reserve located on the slopes above Carnlough and is designated because the particular rock features and waterfall which have produced a habitat that supports a diverse range of plants and animals, for example, red squirrels and bats.

This area also contains significant historic environment features. Parts of Drumnasole House Historic Park, Garden and Demesne, Drumnasole House and associated outbuildings (grade B+) and Garron Tower supplementary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne and its’ listed structures (grade B1) are included within this part of the candidate SLA. WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE This candidate SLA has experienced low pressure for wind energy development. There has been one application for a single wind turbine within Carnlough that did not received planning permission, and two applications for single turbines west of Ballymena Road (A42) and north-west of Slane Road which did not received planning permission.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There have been no applications for solar energy development within this candidate SLA. SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE Garron Plateau (eastern area) Since the introduction of PPS 21 in June 2010 there has been very low pressure for single dwellings in the countryside within this part of the candidate SLA, and applications were predominantly for replacement dwellings. The low-level residential development pressure is indicative of the fact that this part of the candidate SLA is characterised by upland moorland and steep slopes on the edge of the Garron Plateau and that access to this area by public roads is limited.

Larne Coast (north and west of Carnlough excluding area immediately adjacent to coastal area) Since the introduction of PPS 21 in June 2010 there has been low to medium pressure for single dwellings in the countryside in this part of the candidate SLA. There were some areas of ‘higher’ pressure in the Largy Road area and along the western boundary of Carnlough, predominantly due to either applications for farm dwellings or replacement dwellings. In parts of the ‘higher’ pressure areas, single dwellings in the countryside are starting to create a visually cluttered appearance when set against the deeply rural character of much of this area.

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(s): JUSTIFICATION The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include protecting and enhancing the coast, promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape character, 35

Mid and East Antrim Borough Council conservation and protection of landscape quality, protection of designated areas of the countryside from inappropriate development and protection of important geological and geomorphological features.

This candidate SLA is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB and contributes significantly to the setting of the Causeway Coastal Route. For example, the Garron Plateau eastern ridgeline, Garron Point and the scarp slopes and farmland are areas of exceptional scenic quality that contain highly distinctive features of interest while travelling along the Coast Road tourist route and the Ulster Way link route (Ballycastle to Glenarm). The ridgeline and the scarps also frame the setting of Carnlough and are attractive skyline elements that can be viewed from recreation sites within Carnlough, such as Carnlough Beach and various caravan parks.

This area has important natural heritage assets that are recognised by international and national nature conservation designations (see Evaluation Matrix). The natural heritage assets within these designations are highly valued by geology interest groups, nature enthusiasts and contribute to habitats that are important for breeding birds, some of which are NI Priority Species, and rare plant species. These special natural heritage sites, the area’s geologically important sites such as Garron Point and the wild character of the Garron Plateau and its’ eastern ridgeline are rare features in a Northern Ireland context. This area also contains part of Drumansole House and Garron Tower Historic Park, Garden and Demesnes. All of these landscape features contribute significantly to the landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness of this area and are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development.

With regard to the factors outlined above that make this area a highly sensitive landscape, it is considered appropriate to provide policy that strengthens the level of protection for the landscape and natural heritage assets that contribute to the setting and/or ‘experience’ of this area. The case for providing increased policy protection is strengthened by the fact that this landscape contributes to a strong local identity sense of place in this area and the landscape is considered a key ‘pull’ factor’ for visitors and tourists.

The SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan that, based on evidence generated by the Countryside Assessment, complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas.

High Structures and Large-Scale Solar Farms The aim of the SPPS in relation to renewable energy is to facilitate the siting of renewable energy generating facilities in appropriate locations…without compromising other environmental assets of acknowledged importance. The SPPS adopts a cautious approach for renewable energy development proposals within designated landscapes which are of significant value, such as Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and their wider settings. The SPPS recognises that it may be difficult to accommodate renewable energy proposals, including wind turbines, without detriment to the region’s cultural and natural heritage assets. In accordance with the SPPS, renewable energy proposals are required to avoid unacceptable adverse impacts on visual amenity and landscape character, biodiversity, nature conservation and built heritage interests, among other factors listed in the SPPS. This cSLA contributes to the setting of the Coast Road and Carnlough, and includes important landscape elements such as the scarp slopes and summits on the eastern edge of the Garron Plateau, Garron Point and two historic park, garden and demesnes. These areas represent the most visually important parts of this coastal area and their aesthetic qualities and natural heritage assets are highly valued by the local community and visitors. Therefore, it is considered expedient to include these areas within a designation that aims to preclude high structures (over 15m) as the visual impact of such development would have a significant adverse impact on the features that contribute to the exceptional landscape character of this area. It is considered that pressure for high structures is most likely to be for renewable energy and electricity infrastructure.

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas The Larne Area Plan 2010 included the area considered under this cSLA within a designated Area of Constraint on Minerals Development (ACMD) in recognition of the area’s considerable scenic value and conservation value. This designated policy area applied regional policy for areas of constraint on mineral development to these areas.

In regard to minerals development, the SPPS (para 6.154) states that the policy approach for minerals development , including peat extraction from bog lands, must be to balance the need for minerals resources against the need to protect and conserve the environment. The SPPS (para 6.155) does make provision for LDPs to identify areas which should be protected from minerals development because of their intrinsic landscape, amenity, scientific or heritage value, stating that there should be a general presumption against minerals development in such areas.

The landscape quality, assets and visual sensitivity of this area has been documented above. Any minerals development in this area would be inappropriate, as it is considered such proposals would likely lead to unacceptable adverse impacts on this exceptional landscape and/or the sensitive natural heritage sites present.

For example, minerals development would be highly likely to have a significant adverse impact on the eastern summits of the Garron Plateau and the scarp slopes. It is considered that if the important characteristics and features in this sensitive landscape became degraded by minerals operations they could not be acceptably replaced or restored by restorative works. Therefore, it is recommended that this area is included within the extant ACMD designation, if this designation is to be retained. There is currently no evidence in relation to the minerals industry that supports removing this designation which provides protection for the landscape assets of this cSLA. Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Area of Constraint on High Structures (ACHS) An Area of Constraint on High Structures (see map) is proposed to protect the visual integrity of the undeveloped eastern summits and scarp slopes, its’ heritage assets and the setting of the Causeway Coastal Route and Carnlough from the adverse visual impacts associated with high structures or large-scale solar farms.

It should be noted that the Glencloy Glen, although not part of this candidate SLA, is strongly visually linked with the summits, scarp slopes and farmland located below the eastern ridgeline of the Garron Plateau.

Therefore, the Glencloy Glen, particularly the lower part of the glen, contributes to the exceptional landscape setting of Carnlough, particularly when viewed from Ballymena Road (A42) and Ballyvaddy Road. Hence, it is prudent to include this lower part of the Glencloy Glen within this designation.

The boundary of the proposed ACHS: • • • • • •

To include, where appropriate, sites that have previously been refused planning permission for wind energy development.

To abut the shared boundary with Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council.

Aligns to public roads as far as is practical to provide a robust boundary.

To include parts of the Garron Plateau, scarp slopes and farmland which contribute significantly to the setting of the coastal area and Carnlough in key public views.

To include parts of the Garron Plateau ASSI, Ramsar and SAC (it is not considered expedient to include the full extent of these designations – see CSLA 10 “Garron Plateau: western ridge and hills adjacent Cargan” report).

To include the parts of the Glencloy Glen which contribute significantly to the setting of Carnlough, in particular, the areas of this glen that are viewed in conjunction with the coast when travelling towards Carnlough along public roads.

It is also considered that large-scale solar farms would have a significant adverse visual impact on this landscape due to factors such as the relatively large area coverage of such installations and the light-reflecting properties of the solar panels. These factors mean such development would be inappropriately obtrusive in this landscape, particularly given the high scenic quality of this area and the high visual exposure of this landscape to views from key receptors such as the Causeway Coastal Route and Carnlough. Therefore, it is proposed that large-scale solar farms should not be permitted in this area.

Extant Area of Constraint on Minerals Development (ACMD) 36

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PHOTOS

View across narrow coastal strip and scarp slopes from Tower Road Eastern ridgeline provides an exceptional setting for Carnlough – the old quarry scars are readily visible in views.

Scarp slopes and farmland providing an exceptional setting for Carnlough Views of Garron Plateau and scarp slopes from Ballymena Road (A42) 37

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Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

View across Glencloy Glen from Ballymena Road (A42)

View of the uninterrupted skyline of the Garron Plateau from Ballyvaddy Road.

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GARRON PLATEAU: EASTERN SUMMITS, SCARP SLOPES AND FRINGES (WEST AND NORTH OF CARNLOUGH) - cSLA 05 EVALUATION MATRIX Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Exceptional

The Garron Plateau eastern ridgeline has highly distinctive prominent scarps and rounded knolls.

Garron Point is a significant landmark along the Coast Road which has been formed by a geological process referred to as rotational slip.

Loughs

Unique

Small oligotrophic water bodies (NI Priority Habitat) are present within this area.

Coastal Shorelines

Not Present

Significant River Corridors

Not present

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Exceptional

The Garron Plateau is the largest area of intact blanket bog (NI Priority Habitat) in Northern Ireland.

Nature Conservation Sites

Exceptional

1. Garron Plateau Ramsar - The site is designated as it is a particularly good representative example of a wetland complex including blanket bog base-rich flushes and upland lakes.

2. Garron Plateau Special Area of Conservation - The blanket bog, which covers much of the plateau, is the largest intact bog in Northern Ireland. Elsewhere locally mineral enriched flushing provides the alkaline fens priority habitat, and in hollows on the wetter more level parts of the blanket bog, the influence of mineral rich water provides the transition mires and quaking bog systems. The bog is well known for rare plant species.

3. Antrim Hills Special Protection Area - this site supports nationally important populations of hen harrier (NI Priority Species) and merlin. The site encompasses all lands within its boundaries, excluding wholly-improved pasture, arable land, buildings and associated lands. It includes coniferous plantations, blanket bog, wet and dry heath, grass moor, scrub, inland cliff and limited semi-improved agricultural grassland. The principal interests are the breeding populations of hen harrier and merlin.

4. Cranny Falls Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) - area of significant flora and fauna, particularly its population of Wood Barley. Wood Barely is a short-lived perennial grass which is scarce in the British Isles. Cranny Falls is the only known site for this species in Ireland which was previously deemed extinct.

5. Garron Plateau Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – the Garron Plateau is the largest area of blanket bog (NI Priority Habitat) in Northern Ireland. The peatland complex is comprised of a series of raised and flushed peat bog units, and a number of oligotrophic (a body of water in which nutrients are in short supply) water bodies, all within the enveloping blanket bog peat mantle. The peatland supports a number of rare and notable plant and animal species, a diverse upland breeding bird population, sphagnum mosses and a wide variety of insects such as a rare ground beetle (NI Priority Species) and heath butterfly (NI Priority Species). A large breeding population of red grouse (NI Priority Species) is found on the plateau, along with a few pairs of golden plover (NI Priority Species) and dunlin (NI Priority Species). The plateau provides good hunting ground for Merlin, Peregrine Falcon, and to a lesser degree buzzard and hen harrier (NI Priority Species). Several types of upland and base poor lakes occur on the plateau.

6. Galboly Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – the area is of special scientific interest because of its geological and geomorphological features, woodland, grasslands (in particular herb-rich calcareous grassland), cliff vegetation, bryophyte-rich scree, dry heath, intertidal communities, rare plants and fungi. Galboly, overlooking Red Bay, is dominated by vertical basalt and chalk cliffs, which rise in places to over 200m above the grassland, heathland and woodland below. Peregrines nest in a number of locations on the cliffs. Large areas of dry heathland, such as those at Galboly, are generally scarce within Northern Ireland. Tor Grass (one of NI’s rarest grasses) is present at Galboly.

7. Gortnagory Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – Designated by reason of the large colony of nationally rare orchid Irish Lady’s-tresses (NI Priority Species) which occurs here at its only known high-altitude site in NI. 7. Lemnalary Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – Designated by reason of the flora and fauna present on the site. This site is a small area of agricultural grassland. It is important because it contains a good population of Great Burnet, representing the most significant locality for this species in Northern Ireland. This species which is one of NI’s rarest flowering plants is confined to County Antrim, where historically it existed along the Antrim Coast. Lemnalary is the most significant remaining population of this species.

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Significant Geological sites

Unique

Black Burn Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – designated by reason of physiographical features – Black Burn Cave is the only known extensive, active cave system developed in the Cretaceous age Ulster White Limestone. The cave system is associated with the Black Burn which drains off the east facing scarp of the Garron Plateau.

Nature Reserves

Unique

Cranny Falls Local Nature Reserve, Carnlough - Cranny Falls is the end point of a 2km walk from the Hurry Head at Carnlough Harbour, along a path known locally as the Old Mineral Railway Path, then through the now disused Gortin Quarry. The waterfall was given Local Nature Reserve status because the particular rock features and the waterfall have produced a habitat of great richness and diversity of plants and animals. The limestone grasslands found at Cranny Falls support a number of rare and localised flowers, such as orchids and daisies which attract a great number of moths and butterflies. The river running through the nature reserve supports a rich variety of insect life, which in turn attracts feeding bats. The waterfall is reached through a pathway of hazel woodland interspersed with oak, elder, ash and rowan. Red squirrels can also be spotted.

Woodland

Distinct

Northern Ireland (NI) ranks as one of the least wooded regions in Europe with just 8% woodland cover, compared with the European average of 46%. In addition, almost 60% of our woodland is in the form of recent conifer plantations. Although, woodland in this area is limited to Cleggan Forest (a conifer plantation forest outside of this CSLA) and pockets of woodland on the scarp slopes and in the Historic Parks, Gardens and Demesnes, in the context of a general low level of woodland across NI, this woodland is regarded as distinctive in this otherwise open landscape.

Overall Landscape Sensitivity High: by reason of the high scenic quality and exceptional natural heritage assets present in this area. This area is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is an area of high scenic quality. Natural

heritage conservation sites of national and international importance are contained within this area, for example, the Garron Plateau ASSI, Ramsar and SAC and Antrim Hills SPA. These special natural heritage sites, geologically important sites such as Garron Point and the wild character of the Garron Plateau and its’ eastern ridgeline are rare features in a Northern Ireland context and contribute significantly to the landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness of this area. Other features that contribute to the high landscape quality in this area include the woodland associated with the Historic Park, Garden and Demesnes, Cranny Falls Local Nature Reserve and the deep rural character of the slopes below the scarps. All of these features are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded AONB

This area falls within the boundary of the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is highly valued for its scenic and perceptual qualities. Key features within this candidate Sensitive Landscape Area include the wild, unspoilt and undeveloped character of the Garron Plateau and eastern ridgeline; the regular field structure, well-maintained hedges and deep rural character of the narrow coastal strip (LCA 123), and the key natural heritage and historic environment assets found throughout this area.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors

Description

Scenic / Tourist Route

There are strong critical views of the Garron Plateau eastern ridgeline and foreground setting and of Garron Point its’ surrounding scarp slopes from the Antrim Coast Road which is a major tourist attraction for Northern Ireland. There are critical views of the Garron Plateau eastern ridgeline from the A42 Ballymena Road which is a major tourist route between Ballymena and the Antrim Coast. There are critical views of the Garron Plateau eastern ridgeline and the old quarry scars from various caravan parks at Carnlough, for example, Whitehill Caravan Park, Carnlough Bay Holiday Park and Glencloy Caravan Park.

Visitor / Recreational sites

There are critical views of the eastern ridgeline of the Garron Plateau and old quarry scars from Carnlough Harbour and beach. The views from these areas of recreation are appreciated by the local community and visitors. There are also views of this ridgeline from other ‘viewing points along the Coast Road and the East Coast Canoe trail follows this coastline.

Recognised walking/cycle routes

A link section of the Ulster Way (Ballycastle to Glenarm section) follows Tower Road, Largy Road and the A2 Coast Road. Walkers are actively encouraged to make use of the public transport links between

Residential Areas Public Roads

Overall Visual Sensitivity

Ballycastle and Glenarm. The A2 Coast Road is frequently used by cyclists.

There are critical views of the Garron Plateau eastern ridgeline from Carnlough.

The key prominent landscape features within this candidate SLA are widely visible from public roads within this area, for example, the A2 Coast Road, Ballymena Road (A42), Ballyvaddy Road and Largy Road.

High: by reason of the long-distance critical views of the interesting landscape features in this area from critical viewpoints. For example, the Garron Plateau summits and eastern ridgeline and the deeply rural farmland slopes are important and interesting landscape features that are exposed to long distance views from the A2 Coast Road, the A42 Ballymena Road, caravan parks and residential areas within Carnlough, the Ulster way and Carnlough Beach etc. Therefore, this area is highly visually sensitive to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development.

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Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) This area has natural heritage conservation sites of national and international importance and is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is an area with high scenic quality. The area of this candidate SLA within LCA 122 has limited or no intrusive development. Generally, throughout the whole candidate SLA, there has been limited degradation of the natural heritage assets and landscape features that make this area so special, for example, the natural heritage designations, the wild character of the Garron Plateau and its’ eastern ridgeline, Garron Point, the Historic Park, Gardens and Demesnes and the deep rural character of the slopes within LCA 123.

The Garron Plateau eastern ridgeline and the farmland slopes below the scarps frame the setting of the Coast Road and Carnlough, and the unique geology around Garron Point is a significant landmark on this important tourist route. These landscape features contribute to the unique experience of driving along the Coast Road.

The blanket bog of the Garron Plateau acts as a vital carbon store, trapping and storing atmospheric carbon as peat accumulates. The Garron Plaeau is also a significant store of water and supplies drinking water to approximately 14,000 homes in the Ballymena area.

The Garron Plateau provides habitat for nationally important populations of hen harrier (NI Priority Species) and merlin and rare plant species.

Cranny Falls Local Nature Reserve has rock features and a waterfall which have produced a habitat of great richness and diversity of plants and animals, for example, bats and red squirrels. As a result, wildlife enthusiasts and local residents are attracted to this valuable site.

Overall Landscape Value

High: by reason of the high scenic quality of this area, the special natural heritage assets within national and international conservation designations, and the fact that there has been limited or no degradation of the landscape character and key landscape features. These natural heritage assets and landscape qualities are highly valued by the local community, visitors and tourists as well as nature interest groups.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) The Garron Plateau is a significant store of water and supplies drinking water to approximately 14,000 homes in the Ballymena area and the surrounding area via the Water Treatment Works at Dungonnell Reservoir operated by Northern Ireland Water.

Settlement

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement The Garron Plateau eastern ridge and slopes below the scarps contribute significantly to the setting of Carnlough.

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Candidate SLA 06 - Statement of Landscape Value

species breeding at the Gobbins are Kittiwake and Razorbill, but the site also supports the only Puffins breeding on the NI mainland.

LOCATION Islandmagee is a peninsula located in the eastern part of Mid and East Antrim Borough Council area. The peninsula is bounded by the North Channel to the east and north and Larne Lough to the west. Larne Town is located to the north-west of the peninsula and Whitehead is to the south.

Critical views of the east coast from public vantage points are generally restricted to Gobbins Road, Gobbins Brae, Portmuck Road and public walking paths located at the Gobbins, Portmuck Harbour and Whitehead (Blackhead path). Although critical views of the east coast are generally restricted to these areas, these critical views are of, or from, significant recreation areas on the peninsula. As previously stated, the Gobbins Path is a major tourist destination – a path that includes bridges and platforms that lead visitors along the foot of sheer basalt cliffs, through caves and over the sea below. The Portmuck Harbour area attracts anglers, nature enthusiasts and visitors wanting to experience the intimate and tranquil character of this destination which has walking paths that offer views along the east coast and across to the Isle of Muck. The inlet between Portmuck Harbour and the Isle of Muck attracts dolphins and porpoises.

Ref: cSLA 06 – Name: Islandmagee and Gobbins Coast (Ferris Bay to Whitehead) LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 20 Belfast Lough and Islandmagee LCA 128 Islandmagee SeaCA 11 Gobbins Coast SeaCA 12 Larne Lough EXISTING DESIGNATIONS Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ): Islandmagee Ramsar: Larne Lough Special Protection Area (SPA): Larne Lough SPA proposed Special Protection Area (pSPA): East Coast (NI) Marine pSPA Special Area of Conservation (SAC): North Channel SAC Statutory Nature Reserve: Swan Island ASSIs: Castletown, Cloghfin Port, The Gobbins, Kilcoan, Larne Lough, Portmuck LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE The northern and eastern parts of this peninsula are included within the Islandmagee Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ) as designated in the NILCA 2000 study in recognition of the area’s scenic quality, as well as for the nature conservation and heritage value present. Islandmagee consists of distinctive ridges that run northsouth culminating in sheer basalt cliffs along the eastern coastline which are within the Gobbins ASSI. The ridges and central valley support pastoral farmland and have a distinctive landscape structure of regular fields bound by prominent hedges which create a grid-like pattern on the valley slopes. There are critical medium range views across this Area of Scenic Quality from Browns Bay Road (Causeway Coastal Route), Gobbins Road, Gobbins Brae, Middle Road and Portmuck Road and long-range critical views from Larne town, Larne Road A2 (Causeway Coastal Route) and the Belfast-Larne railway line which runs parallel to Larne Lough.

This landscape is highly valued due to the distinctive regular field structure, prominent north-south ridges and the sheer basalt cliffs and sandy beaches along the coast. The eastern side of Islandmagee has a remote character due to its relative inaccessibility and has a wild character in areas adjacent to the Irish Sea. The intertidal area of the Gobbins Coast between Skernaghan Point and Whitehead is included within the North Channel SAC which seeks to protect important winter habitat for harbour porpoise (NI Priority Species).

On the northern and eastern coast of the Islandmagee peninsula there are visually exposed features that are highly distinctive. For example, there are sheer basalt cliffs, prominent headlands such as Barr’s Point (Larne Golf Club) and Skernaghan Point, Browns Bay beach and the Isle of Muck with its associated tombolo. The Gobbins Coastal Path is located on the east coast of the peninsula and is a significant tourist destination in the Borough. Notable historic environment features include Black Head lighthouse, Portmuck Harbour and relatively small dwellings adjacent to bays on the northern coastline. The eastern coastline has important nature conservation sites – Cloghfin Port ASSI, Portmuck ASSI and the Gobbins ASSI. Cloghfin Port ASSI is important for its geology and fossils. Portmuck ASSI has important flora, fauna and geological features.

For example, the Hibernian Greensands west of Portmuck Harbour are the best exporsures of Hibernian Greensands formation in NI, south of Portmuck a gravel barrier (tombolo) linking the Isle of Muck and mainland NI is the only such feature on the open sea coast of NI, and the cliffs at the Isle of Muck support a notable population of breeding seabirds (razorbill, guillemot, puffins). The Gobbins ASSI is important due to its unusual geological features and seabird colonies. Seabird colonies are rare in NI and the most important

The northern coast is highly visible in views from Larne town, a caravan park at Ferris Bay, Ferris Bay Road and Browns Bay Road (both part of the Brown’s Bay Scenic Route), and Skernaghan Point. The sandy beach at Browns Bay is a popular summer destination for recreation, swimming and walks around the headlands, for example, Skernaghan Point.

In the southern part of the peninsula, Muldersleigh Hill is a distinctive prominent feature that is highly significant for the setting of Ballystrudder, where the Gobbins visitor centre is located, and Whitehead.

Whitehead Golf Club is located on the slopes of Muldersleigh Hill. Blackhead Path is a coastal path to the north-east of Whitehead which is valued by the local community and visitors for walking and experiencing the coastal views. The route of this coastal path passes Blackhead Lighthouse.

In summary, Islandmagee and the Gobbins Coast is a landscape of high scenic quality that has significant recreation destinations and areas of high amenity value, and is a landscape that is valued highly by the local community and visitors to the area.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE Islandmagee peninsula has experienced medium to high pressure for wind energy development.

There has been concentrated pressure for wind energy development around areas of the peninsula with the highest altitude, namely the Middle Road/Gobbins Road area and Muldersleigh Hill. There has also been some pressure for wind energy in the north-west of the peninsula.

The high scenic quality and general openness of the peninsula, its’ remote character and exposure to medium and long-distance views make this area very sensitive to wind energy development. This is particularly the case in the northern and eastern areas of Islandmagee which frame the coastal setting and are exposed to critical views from public roads, public recreation areas and visitor destinations. Further, the peninsula’s northsouth ridges and farmland slopes contribute significantly to the settlements of Ballystrudder and Mullaghboy, and Muldersleigh Hill is an important feature for the setting of Whitehead.

Further wind energy development in the northern and eastern areas of the peninsula would be likely to have a significant adverse impact on the high scenic quality of these areas, particularly as these areas contain exposed cliffs, headlands, slopes and prominent ridges. Any wind energy development on or around Muldersleigh Hill would adversely impact on the distinctiveness of this prominent landscape feature which is important for the setting of Ballystrudder, Whitehead and the eastern coast.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There has been low pressure for solar energy development in this area and all proposals were for relatively small-scale solar energy schemes. The high scenic quality and general openness of the landscape makes many areas of the peninsula visually highly sensitive to solar farm development, particularly in coastal areas and on visually exposed slopes and ridges.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE There has generally been low pressure for single dwellings in the countryside on the peninsula. However, pockets of medium development pressure exist along Ballylumford Road where ribbon development has occurred and at Black Head on the slopes of Muldersleigh Hill.

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(s): JUSTIFICATION The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include protecting and enhancing the coast, promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape character, conservation and protection of landscape quality, protection of designated areas of the countryside from inappropriate development and protection of important geological and geomorphological features.

Islandmagee is an Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ) which is located on the Causeway Coastal Route. The east coast of Islandmagee has important natural heritage assets that are recognised by national nature conservation designations (see Evaluation Matrix below). The natural heritage assets within these designations are highly valued by geology interest groups and contribute to habitats that are important for breeding birds, some of which are NI Priority species. The undeveloped cliff tops on the eastern coast, the headlands on the northern coast and north-south ridges are highly distinctive and their qualities are vulnerable to inappropriate development.

The northern and eastern areas of this peninsula have significant recreation areas used by the local community, visitors and tourists. These areas include the Borough’s signature tourist attraction “The Gobbins Coastal Path”, Browns Bay beach, Portmuck Harbour, Larne Golf Club and Blackhead Path. Brown’s Bay Scenic Route (subsumed into the Causeway Coastal Route) takes in the northern part of the peninsula. From these recreation areas and Brown’s Bay Scenic Route, there are views along the coast and across the coastal landscape, and these views are enjoyed by the local community and visitors to the peninsula. Therefore, the setting of these recreation areas is considered a significant asset. Another common theme for these recreation areas is the importance of the landscape and natural heritage assets in contributing to the experience and ‘sense of adventure’ at these locations, and these factors strengthen the value the local community and visitors attach to these recreation areas.

One of the strategic objectives within the SPPS is to conserve the natural character and landscape of the undeveloped coast and it states that the undeveloped coast will rarely be an appropriate location for new development. The eastern and northern coastal areas of Islandmagee have an undeveloped character, however, they have experienced some pressure for development and this may increase if these areas become increasingly popular with visitors and tourists. In this context, it is appropriate to provide additional policy protection to safeguard the area’s unique amenity value, unique natural heritage assets and the high scenic quality of the landscape which provides the setting for key recreation sites and the coastline.

The key “pull” factors for visitors and tourists on Islandmagee are the coastal destinations, and in these areas, the high scenic quality of the landscape, the natural heritage assets and coastal paths are critical assets.

These coastal destinations area also highly valued by the local community and include the Gobbins Coastal Path, Brown’s Bay, Portmuck Harbour, Larne Golf Club and the Black Head Path. It is considered that the unique assets of these areas are best protected through a Special Countryside Area (SCA) designation given the importance of this area for the Council’s tourism strategy (see also Belfast Region City Deal) and that the assets along this undeveloped coast are highly likely to be adversely impacted by new development.

However, it is recognised that, in line with the SPPS, LDPs should also promote and protect existing public accesses and coastal walkways where possible, and in this regard, there may be cases where some limited development may be appropriate.

High Structures and Large-Scale Solar Farms Based on the Countryside Assessment, the SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan, that complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas. The Islandmagee peninsula has experienced medium to high pressure for

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas wind energy development. The ability of this area to accommodate further wind energy development is very limited due to the deeply rural and small-scale character of this landscape, its high scenic quality and its exposure to medium and long-distance views. Further, the highly distinctive ridgelines on Islandmagee are extremely sensitive to the visual impact of any high structures. The SPPS adopts a cautious approach for renewable energy development proposals within designated landscapes which are of significant value and their wider settings and recognises that it may be difficult to accommodate renewable energy proposals, including wind turbines, without detriment to the region’s cultural and natural heritage assets. It is considered that the eastern, northern and central areas of Islandmagee and Muldersleigh Hill would be adversely impacted be any further wind energy development (over 15m) or any development of “high” structures (over 15m). Therefore, it is considered appropriate to restrict the height of structures to 15m in these areas.

It is also considered that large-scale solar farms would have a significant adverse impact on the landscape of Islandmagee due to factors such as the relatively large area coverage of such installations and the lightreflecting properties of the solar panels. These factors mean such development would be inappropriately obtrusive in this landscape, particularly given the high scenic quality of this area and the exposure of this landscape to medium-long distance views. Therefore, it is proposed that large-scale solar farms should not be permitted in this area.

Extant Area of High Scenic Value (AoHSV) The draft Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan (BMAP) 2015 included an area of this cSLA within a designated Area of High Scenic Value (COU 5/01) in order to protect the setting of Whitehead and the features of interest in this part of the ASQ, having regard to SFG5 of the RDS. This area was bounded by the Gobbins Coast, Whitehead settlement development limit, Ballystrudder Road and the obsolete boundary of the Larne Council Area (subsumed within MEA). From the outworking of the review of NILCA 2000, it is considered that this AoHSV (COU 05/01) would have extended to include a large part of the Islandmagee peninsula if this area had been included within the remit of BMAP 2015. Policy applied to this AoHSV stated that planning permission will not be granted for development proposals that would be likely to have a significant adverse effect on the quality, character and features of interest in the Areas of High Scenic Value.

The SPPS (para 6.75) states that local policies may be brought forward to maintain the landscape quality and character of Areas of High Scenic Value. The scenic quality, assets and visual sensitivity of this area has been documented above. General Rural Policy within the LDP Plan Strategy will supersede policies COU 6 (BMAP 2015) and CTY 13 and CTY 14 of PPS 21 which currently provide policy protection for AoHSV. However, it is considered that any high structure (over 15m) or large-scale solar farm would have a significant adverse impact on the qualities of this landscape. Therefore, it is recommended that such development is precluded from this cSLA. Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Special Countryside Area A Special Countryside Area (SCA) (see map) is proposed to protect the wild and/or unspoilt character of the eastern and northern coastal areas of Islandmagee for the reasons set out above.

The boundary of the proposed SCA:  aligns to Ferris Bay Road and includes the prominent headlands on the northern coast;  includes areas considered highly significant for the setting of key recreation areas; and  provides a narrow buffer for the undeveloped cliffs and slopes along the eastern coast aligning to field boundaries (as far as practical).

Area of Constraint on High Structures (ACHS) An Area of Constraint on High Structures (see map) is proposed to protect the Islandmagee Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ) and its’ heritage assets from the adverse visual impacts associated with high structures or large-scale solar farms. The boundary of the proposed ACHS:

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 abuts the proposed SCA designation proposed for the Islandmagee and the Gobbins Coast;  aligns to public roads as far as practical to provide a robust and readily identifiable boundary (Ballystrudder Road, Middle Road, Portmuck Road);  aligns with the settlement development limits of Ballystrudder, Mullaghboy and Whitehead;  includes areas of the valley and ridges to the south of the northern coastline which contribute significantly to the setting of the northern coast in key public views;  includes areas that contribute to the setting of the eastern coast; and  includes the slopes of Muldersleigh Hill.

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PHOTOS

The Gobbins: undeveloped cliffs

Islandmagee northern coast: view from Chaine Memorial

The Gobbins setting: undeveloped coastal character

Islandmagee central ridge: view from A2 Larne Road

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Muldersleigh Hill and Whitehead: view from Raw Brae Road

Black Head and Blackhead Lighthouse: view from Whitehead car park (Old Castle Road)

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council Areas

Candidate Sensitive Landscape

Islandmagee and Gobbins Coast (Ferris Bay to Whitehead) - cSLA 06 EVALUATION MATRIX Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Unique

Islandmagee peninsula is a prominent feature in the coastal landscape and is the only peninsula in our Borough, therefore, in an MEA context, it is a unique topographical feature.

The eastern coastline has sheer basalt cliffs that plunge into the sea and this type of landscape feature is not found anywhere else in the Borough.

The north-south ridges are distinctive prominent features in the landscape.

Loughs

Exceptional

Specific parts of Larne Lough are within one or more designated nature conservation sites, namely, Larne Lough Ramsar, Larne Lough Special Protection Area, Larne Lough Area of Special Scientific Interest, Swan Island Statutory Nature Reserve and the proposed East Coast (NI) Marine Special Protection Area. These designations seek to protect the exceptional natural heritage assets associated with the lough.

Coastal Shorelines

Exceptional

The Islandmagee coast has exceptional features such as the sheer basalt cliffs that plunge into the sea, Isle of Muck nature reserve and associated tombolo and undeveloped headlands and clifftops.

Significant River Corridors

Not present

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Not present

Nature Conservation Sites

Exceptional

1. Larne Lough Ramsar – designated as site supports internationally important numbers of Light-bellied Brent Geese in winter and nationally important numbers of breeding populations of Roseate Terns (NI Priority Species) and Common Terns.

2. Larne Lough Special Protection Area (SPA) – designated as breeding sea birds occur on Swan Island (now subsumed within Larne Lough SPA) and the artificial island known as Blue Circle island. The principal interests are the breeding colonies of Roseate (NI Priority Species), Sandwich and Common Tern and the wintering population of Light-bellied Brent Geese.

3. East Coast (NI) Marine proposed Special Protection Area (pSPA) – this designated area adjoins Larne Lough SPA and Belfast Lough SPA. This SPA includes the marine waters of Larne Lough and seeks to ensure the waters and seafloor habitats are managed to meet the needs of foraging Terns and other seabirds.

4. North Channel Special Area of Conservation (SAC) – the site stretches along the eastern shore of Islandmagee to Whitehead. The site is an area with predicted persistent high densities of harbour porpoise, particularly in winter. The designation seeks to protect important winter habitat for harbour porpoise (NI Priority Species).

5. Swan Island Statutory Nature Reserve – this site is a nesting site for terns and is managed by the RSPB. 6. Castletown Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – this site is special because of its species-rich hay grassland, which is particularly scarce in NI. There are four hay meadows making up the site. Such species-rich grasslands tend to occur where land management is not intensive.

7. Cloghfin Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – special because of its geology, as it is one of the most complete rock sequences (in terms of changes over time) in the Larne-Lough Neagh Basin. Fossils are found throughout the range of rock exposures that help date the different layers and show us what kind of ancient life lived in the seas and nearby land.

8. The Gobbins Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – declared an ASSI because of 1. The presence of large seabird colonies which are rare in NI. Most important species breeding at this site are Kittiwake and Razorbill, but there are also large numbers of Common Guillemots, and the site holds the only Puffins breeding on NI mainland; 2. The ancient basalts that make up the Gobbins cliffs are of particular interest because of the unusual minerals they contain e.g. gobbinsite, which takes its name from the area; 3.

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Candidate Sensitive Landscape The Gobbins is one of the few areas where a complete, undisturbed succession of natural plant communities extends from the shoreline to the clifftop. Note: It is essential that the integrity of the cliff ledges is maintained and disturbance to breeding birds minimised.

9. Kilcoan Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – declared an ASSI and is of earth science interest because of: 1. The disused quarry provides access to a series of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks; 2. Rocks found at Kilcoan belong to a group known as the Hibernian Greensands (named as such because of their colour).

10. Larne Lough Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – the ASSI is of special scientific interest by reason of the flora, fauna and geological features. For example, 1.

Significant areas of saltmarsh, which is generally a scarce habitat in Northern Ireland, and contains a number of notable and scarce plant species; 2. Some saline lagoons on the west shore represent a very rare habitat in Northern Ireland; 3. Larne Lough provides a significant feeding area for breeding terns; 4. Larne Lough holds important number of wintering wildfowl.

11. Portmuck Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – the ASSI is of special scientific interest by reason of the flora, fauna, geological features. For example, 1. The coastal section from McIroy’s Port to Isle of Muck contains the only known occurrence of the mineral sodalite in Ireland; 2. a gravel barrier (or tombolo) between Isle of Muck and the mainland. This tombolo is the only such feature on the open sea coast of Northern Ireland; 3. The Isle of Muck supports a notable population of breeding seabirds.

The most numerous groups are Razorbill, Guillemot and small number of Puffin; 4. In the cliffs to the west of Portmuck are the best exposures of the Hibernian Greensands Formation in Northern Ireland.

Significant Geological sites

Unique

See Cloghfin ASSI, The Gobbins ASSI, Kilcoan ASSI, Portmuck ASSI.

Nature Reserves

Distinct

See Swan Island Statutory Nature Reserve

Distinctive

Northern Ireland (NI) ranks as one of the least wooded regions in Europe with just 8% woodland cover, compared with the European average of 46%. In addition, almost 60% of our woodland is in the form of recent conifer plantations (Woodlandtrust.org.uk, last accessed 22/01/2019). Woodland in this area is limited to some woodland on Muldersleigh Hill. This woodland only covers a small area, however, in the context of the dearth of woodland on the peninsula, it is a distinctive feature in this landscape.

Woodland

Overall Landscape Sensitivity

High: by reason of the undeveloped headlands and clifftops, sheer basalt cliffs and beaches which are important features that, along with the backdrop the north-south ridges, provide a unique setting for the coastal area. This landscape is also highly sensitive due to the numerous ASSIs present (important sites in regard to natural heritage assets) and the importance of the eastern cliffs and Larne Lough as a habitat for important bird populations and maritime fauna.

The undeveloped coastline with its exceptional features of interest combine to give this area a sense of place that is reinforced by a strong community attachment to the coast and its natural heritage assets, for example, Brown’s Bay, Isle of Muck and associated tombolo and The Gobbins cliffs.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded ASQ

The Gobbins Coast and central ridges on Islandmagee are included within the Islandmagee Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ). This ASQ is recognized for its scenic quality, as well as for its nature conservation and heritage value. Key features within this candidate Sensitive Landscape area include the wild and undeveloped character of the eastern coastline, including its cliffs and headlands, Muldersleigh Hill and the deep rural character of the landscape which has a distinctive structure of regular field fields bound by hedgerows which in some areas create a grid-like field pattern. Important historic environment sites include Blackhead lighthouse, Portmuck Harbour and The Gobbins.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors Scenic / Tourist Route

Description There are public views of the northern part of the peninsula, in particular, from the Brown’s Bay Scenic Route (subsumed into the Causeway Coastal Route), there are views of Ferris Bay, Barr’s Point, Brown’s Bay and Skernaghan Point. These areas are key recreation sites and/or visitor destinations on Islandmagee. There are also views across Larne Lough from the western part of this scenic route.

When heading towards the Gobbins Coastal Path from the Gobbins Road, there are views of the undeveloped clifftops that sit above the coastal path.

There are views of the tops of the ridges of Islandmagee and Muldersleigh Hill from the Causeway Coastal Route (A2) and railway line that runs parallel to Larne Lough.

Visitor / Recreational sites

From Ferris Bay caravan park there are views across Ferris Bay, of the adjacent headlands and across to Larne town.

Larne Golf Club is located on Barr’s Point headland and there are views along the northern coast of Islandmagee from this key recreation site.

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Brown’s Bay is popular with visitors and for swimming. From here, there are critical views of Skernaghan Point, Barr’s Point and inland along the central valley.

Portmuck Harbour is a popular destination with anglers, walkers, and nature enthusiasts and, from this destination, there are views to the Isle of Muck and along the undeveloped coastline.

From the Gobbins Coastal Path, and the approach to this path, there are views along the undeveloped coastline and of Blackhead headland.

There are views of the sheer basalt cliffs and undeveloped cliffs from the East Coast Canoe Trail.

From Whitehead Golf Club at Muldersleigh Hill, there are key views of the coast, Larne Lough, Islandmagee and the Whitehead headland.

Recognised walking/cycle routes

The Gobbins Coastal Path is a key tourist destination in Mid and East Antrim.

Skernaghan Point is popular with walkers and, from here, there are views along the undeveloped coastline and of Brown’s Bay and Barr’s Point.

The Blackhead coastal path is popular with walkers and there are critical views along the undeveloped coastline and of Whitehead headland from this recognised walking path.

Residential Areas

There are long range critical views of the northern coastline of Islandmagee from Larne town.

There are long range critical views of the central ridges of Islandmagee from Larne town and Ballycarry.

There critical views of Muldersleigh Hill from Ballycarry, Ballystrudder and Whitehead.

There are critical views of Whitehead headland from Whitehead.

There are some views of the coastline from Whitehead, although the extent of these views is limited by the prominent headlands of Blackhead and Whitehead.

There are some limited views of the northern part of Islandmagee from Glynn. However, views are generally restricted by vegetation and properties on Larne Lough shoreline, from which, there is likely to be extensive views of the Islandmagee peninsula.

Public Roads

See Scenic/Tourist route(s) above.

From Portmuck Road, leading to Portmuck Harbour, there are views of Portmuck Harbour, the Isle of Muck and the undeveloped coast.

There are views of the undeveloped coastline from Gobbins Brae.

There are views across the tops of the central ridges and Larne Lough from Middle Road.

There are views of Whitehead headland from Ballystrudder Road on the approach to Whitehead, McCrae’s Brae and from the settlement of Whitehead.

Overall Visual Sensitivity

High: by reason of the critical views of key recreation areas/visitor attractions and parts of the undeveloped coastline from Brown’s Bay Scenic route, public roads approaching key recreation sites and from areas associated with the key recreation areas. The high visual sensitivity is also a result of the prolonged views of Muldersleigh Hill and the central ridge of Islandmagee from Browns Bay Scenic Route, the Causeway Coastal Route and residential areas within the settlements of Ballycarry and Ballystrudder. The northern coastline of Islandmagee is prominent in views from parts of Larne town, for example, from Chaine Memorial.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) Islandmagee has strong aesthetic and perceptual qualities that have resulted in its designation as an ASQ in the NILCA 2000 study. These include distinctive landscape features such as the sheer basalt cliffs and undeveloped cliff tops on the eastern shoreline, the distinctive headlands on the northern shoreline, the central ridges and valley which increase the prominence of the peninsula and Mulderleigh Hill which is a distinctive hill with woodland on its slopes. Further, there is a regular field structure with strong hedgerow boundaries which contributes to the deeply rural character of this peninsula.

There has been limited degradation of the landscape features and characteristics that contribute to the aesthetic and perceptual qualities on Islandmagee. It is recognised that Ballylumford Power Station and the presence of electricity pylons and wind turbines have had an adverse impact on the visual character of the western and north-western parts of Islandmagee. The power station is a dominant feature in the landscape in the north-west and the electricity pylons have created a cluttered appearance in the western part of the peninsula, and wind turbines have exacerbated this cluttered appearance. However,

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despite the cumulative impact of tall structures in the western part of the peninsula and the presence of some wind turbines in the central/eastern part of the peninsula, the landscape integrity of the ASQ remains intact.

The peninsula has some important nationally significant nature conservation sites which help attract of members of the local community and visitors to Portmuck Harbour and The Gobbins. These areas are important recreation areas on the peninsula. Other important recreation areas include Browns Bay beach, Larne Golf Club, Whitehead Golf Club and Blackhead Path.

The Isle of Muck is a local nature reserve that supports a notable population of breeding seabirds (razorbill, guillemot, puffins). A gravel barrier (tombolo) linking the Isle of Muck and mainland NI is the only such feature on the open sea coast of NI. Also on the east coast is The Gobbins ASSI is the site of a large seabird colony which is rare in NI. These factors are among some of the reasons that the coast of Islandmagee is valued by the local community and other interest groups such as RSPB.

Overall Landscape Value

High: by reason of the many positive qualities of this area that add value to this landscape, for example, the value the eastern coastline, northern coastline, Muldersleigh Hill and the ASQ. The eastern coastline is valued due to the presence of significant nature conservation sites and geological features and the important recreation areas/visitor sites located on this coastline. The northern coastline has distinctive headlands and important recreation sites. Muldersleigh Hill is distinctive and highly significant for the setting of Whitehead. The landscape integrity of the ASQ is still intact. Together, these factors combine to give a landscape that is highly valued by the local community and visitors, particularly the northern and eastern parts of the peninsula.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) Areas around Brown’s Bay, Ferris Bay, Portmuck Harbour, Whitehead and Larne Lough may have an increased risk of flooding.

The Blackhead Path has been structurally undermined by coastal erosion and requires maintenance, leading to its temporary closure for part of 2018/2019.

Settlement Setting

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement The undeveloped coastline frames the coastal foreground of Mullaghboy. Parts of Larne Lough southern fringes are important for the setting of Ballystrudder. Muldersleigh Hill is highly significant for the setting of Ballystrudder and Whitehead.

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Candidate SLA 07 - Statement of Landscape Value LOCATION This candidate Sensitive Landscape Area (cSLA) takes in the shoreline of Belfast Lough between the council boundary and the settlement of Whitehead. The extant Belfast Metropolitan Area (BMA) Coastal Area designation includes the intertidal area and some land above the high water mark along this stretch of coast.

Ref: cSLA 07 – Name: Belfast Lough Shore LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 20 Belfast Lough and Islandmagee LCA 128 Islandmagee LCA 129 Carrickfergus Shoreline SeaCA 13 Belfast Lough EXISTING DESIGNATIONS Ramsar: Belfast Lough Special Protection Area (SPA): Belfast Lough SPA Special Protection Area (SPA): Belfast Lough Open Water SPA (to be subsumed within the proposed East Coast (NI) Marine SPA) Special Protection Area (SPA): East Coast (NI) Marine SPA Special Area of Conservation (SAC): North Channel Area of Special Scientific Interest: Outer Belfast Lough ASSI Nature Reserve: Beach Road Local Nature Reserve, Whitehead LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE Belfast Lough is a large intertidal sea lough situated at the mouth of the River Lagan. The intertidal area is included within natural heritage conservation sites that are of international and national significance. On the northern shore of the outer lough, there are extensive mixed sediment intertidal areas. Outer Belfast Lough ASSI is an important habitat for nationally important numbers of several species of overwintering birds, for example, Great Crested Grebe, Oystercatcher and Redshank (NI Priority Species) etc. Birds from Inner Belfast Lough regularly use Outer Belfast Lough for feeding. The principal interests within the Belfast Lough SPA are the breeding colony of Common and Arctic Tern and the wintering populations of Redshanks (NI Priority Species), Bar-tailed Godwit and Black-tailed Godwit (NI Priority Species). This SPA seeks to ensure that the shoreline and intertidal areas of Belfast Lough are managed to meet the needs of these species and that these habitats are maintained year-round. Within Outer Belfast Lough ASSI, and between Greenisland and Carrickfergus, tertiary basaltic and dolerite intrusions are abundant in the Triassic rocks and massive dykes are evident at Carrickfergus, for example, the foundation of Carrickfergus Castle (State Care Monument). Beach Road Nature Reserve at Whitehead is the site of a former quarry and is an important natural heritage site in the lough shore area. The intertidal area at Whitehead is included within the North Channel SAC which seeks to protect important winter habitat for harbour porpoise (NI Priority Species).

The Belfast Lough and lough shore is busy, with a lot of human activities including business, industry, shipping, commercial fishing, shellfish aquaculture and land and water-based recreational activities. Within MEA, Belfast Lough shore is predominantly urban in character and includes the settlements of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and Whitehead. There are large commercial and industrial developments along this part of the coast with Kilroot Power Station providing a strong visual focus. Despite the extensive urbanisation and intensive use of this part of the MEA coast, its significance for important bird populations and as a valuable site of geological interest remains a key factor in its landscape value.

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas Open views of Belfast Lough and the lough shore are a fundamental aspect of the local landscape and, whilst coastal development blocks visibility in some locations inland, there are a number of significant views of the waterfront and coast along the A2 Road which is part of the Causeway Coastal Route. For example, there are views across the lough and along the shore at Carrickfergus Castle, Marine Gardens on the Marine Highway, from public walkways within Carrickfergus, from residential properties and from the Belfast-Larne railway line. Views of the lough shore and waterfront areas are also important due to the volume of traffic (boats/ferries/ships) on the lough and the intensive use of the lough shore for recreation activities.

Key areas of recreation along this coastal strip include Carrickfergus Castle, Carrickfergus Marina, Fisherman’s Quay, White Harbour marina, Marine Gardens, Beach Road Nature Reserve and beaches at Carrickfergus. Along this coastline, there are opportunities for boating, angling, ornithology and walking, and the East Coast Canoe Trail identifies Carrickfergus Harbour and Fisherman’s Quay as embarkation/disembarkation points on the route. Carrickfergus Harbour and Marina is a base for boating and Carrickfergus Castle is a key tourist attraction for the Borough. The A2 Causeway Coastal Route skirts lough shore at Carrickfergus.

Historic environment features that make a significant contribution to the landscape/seascape include Carrickfergus Castle (State Care monument), King William III Pier (Grade B1 listed), the former Radar School (Grade B2 listed), Sea Park supplementary Historic Park, Garden Demesne with its listed boathouse (Grade B1) and gate lodge (Grade B2) and waterfront residential properties within the Shore Road Area of Townscape Character (ATC) (GD06) in Greenisland.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There has been some pressure for wind energy development close to the coastline, predominantly around the Quay Lane/Belfast Road junction where there have been applications for wind energy development at five sites. Planning permission for a single wind turbine was granted at three of these sites. Planning permission for a single wind turbine was also granted at a site on Fort Road.

The coastal area is visually sensitive as it forms the foreground to views of Carrickfergus Escarpment, makes a significant contribution to the setting of the settlements of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and Whitehead and the lough shore is exposed to views from Belfast Lough and its southern shores. There are not many areas along this coast that would be able to absorb wind energy development over 15m. There is a pocket of pressure for wind energy in the area of the Quay Lane/Belfast Road junction. The headland in this area is important for the setting of Whitehead and the coast, and any high structure would have an adverse visual impact on this distinctive landscape feature which is exposed to long range views from Whitehead and its hinterland.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE An application for a solar farm on a site west of Castle Dobbs and north of Kilroot Business Park was granted planning permission and is currently the only application for solar energy development in this area.

SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE There has generally been low pressure for single dwellings in the countryside in this area. It is recognised that any dwelling along the coast can have a significant visual impact on the coastal landscape and, therefore, integration and design should be of a higher standard in these areas and sympathetic to the coastal setting.

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(s): JUSTIFICATION The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include protecting and enhancing the coast, promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape

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The intertidal area at Whitehead is included within the North Channel SAC which seeks to protect important winter habitat for harbour porpoise (NI Priority Species). The intertidal area around Greenisland and Carrickfergus is included within nature conservation designations of international and national importance recognising the significance of, and seeking to protect, the habitat that helps support marine life and several species of overwintering birds (see Evaluation Matrix below). In addition the lough shore is the location of important geological sites, for example, the massive dykes which make up part of the foundation of Carrickfergus Castle. This coastal area also includes areas with significant features such as Sea Park supplementary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne, waterfront residential properties in Greenisland (Shore Road ATC), Carrickfergus Castle (State Care Monument), Beach Road Nature Reserve and the distinctive White Head headland which is highly significant for the setting of the coast and Whitehead. Carrickfergus Conservation Area incorporates the area around Carrickfergus Castle and the Marine Highway. As this developed coast includes areas of amenity value and areas or features designated for their importance to the archaeological, built or natural heritage, this area and should be protected from inappropriate development in accordance with the SPPS (para 6.39), particularly as these assets add considerable value to the lough shore. Further, the RDS 2035 (SFG 5) states that the attractive natural setting of the Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area (BMUA) reinforces its uniqueness and brings benefits to the economy and society.

Carrickfergus, Greenisland and Whitehead are included within the BMUA and the lough shore contributes significantly to the unique setting of the BMUA. Due to the developed character of this coastline, there are opportunities for development proposals that are sympathetic with the coastal setting and which do not conflict with other provisions of the LDP. However, when all of the factors outlined above are taken into account, it is deemed appropriate to provide additional policy protection for the Belfast Lough Shore to ensure that its exceptional heritage assets are protected from inappropriate development and to safeguard the unique setting of the BMUA. Such additional policy protection is considered to be a suitable approach given the intensive use of the lough shore and the pressure for development along this part of the MEA coast. For example, this coastal area provides various opportunities for recreation for the local community, visitors and tourists and Carrickfergus Castle is a major tourist and visitor attraction within the Borough. There are also significant industrial and commercial sites located along the lough shore. Going forward, there may be increased pressure for tourism development, particularly at Carrickfergus Castle and surrounds, and pressure to upgrade, regenerate or redevelop key commercial and industrial sites. Whilst the SPPS and MEA support a presumption in favour of development within the developed coast, it is necessary to ensure the protection of the lough shore from inappropriate intensification of land-use, over-development, unsympathetic design, and development that may adversely impact on the assets of this coastal area. This is particularly the case given the significance of the lough shore area for the Council’s tourism offer (see also Belfast Region City Deal) and its’ significance as a recreation area valued and used by the local community and visitors.

In accordance with the SPPS, the policy associated with a coastal designation in this area will seek to ensure the protection or enhancement of existing public accesses, coastal walkways and significant public views of the coast, and ensure proposals have regard to the future NI Marine Plan.

High Structures and Large-Scale Solar Farms Based on the Countryside Assessment, the SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan, that complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas.

There has been ‘local’ high pressure for wind energy development in the area of the Quay Lane/Belfast Road junction. White Head headland is a very prominent landscape feature in this highly sensitive coastal landscape and any development of high structures (over 15m) or large-scale solar farms in this area will have a significant adverse impact on this visually exposed feature which is highly distinctive and very significant for the setting of the settlement of Whitehead. Therefore, in this area, it is considered appropriate to restrict the height of structures to 15m and preclude large-scale solar farms, particularly as high structures and largescale solar schemes would be unduly obtrusive in this key area of the coast.

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas Extant BMA Coastal Area Designation The draft Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan (BMAP) 2015 included the intertidal area and parts of the shoreline of this cSLA within the BMA Coastal Area (COU 2) in order to protect the unique landscape value and nature conservation interest of the BMA Coastal Area, especially from intense recreational and tourism pressures.

BMAP 2015 stated that this additional protection is particularly important in order to preserve the setting of Belfast [BMUA], and protect the views both from the Lough, and the shoreline. This policy has regard to policies SFG5, RG11 and RG12 of the RDS. BMAP 2015 policy COU 3 which applies to this BMA Coastal Area stated that planning permission will only be granted to development proposals which are of such national or regional importance as to outweigh any detrimental impact on the coastal environment or it can be demonstrated that any proposal will not harm the qualities of the coastal landscape, while still protecting nature conservation value.

The SPPS (para 6.75) states that, “Within the developed coast, areas of amenity value (such as parks, outdoor sports/play areas and coastal walkways) and areas or features designated for their importance to the archaeological, built or natural heritage, should be protected from inappropriate development.” Given this policy position of the SPPS and having regard to the assessment of the value of this coastal landscape, it is deemed appropriate to retain a Coastal Policy Area for this important shoreline area. The SPPS (para 6.41) emphasises the importance of protecting public access and walkways along the coast and that any new or extended facilities should not impact adversely on key natural or built heritage assets. Any policy associated with a Coastal Policy Area for this coastal landscape will reflect the position of the SPPS in relation to public access to the coast.

BMAP 2015 Policy COU 4 applies to designated Urban Waterfronts. Paragraph 6.40 of the SPPS states that, “Within the developed coast there will be a presumption in favour of development that promotes the enhancement and regeneration of urban waterfronts.” Designated Urban Waterfronts such as at Carrickfergus (CS 24) were not included in the BMA Coastal Area designation and it is considered appropriate to provide protection for such areas through general policies contained within the LDP Strategy and potentially through ‘Strategic Focus Area’ policy (if an Urban Waterfront such as Carrickfergus is included within a ‘Strategic Focus Area’).

Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Coastal Policy Area For the reasons set out above, a Coastal Policy Area (see map) is proposed to protect the unique qualities of this coastal area, protect and enhance existing public accesses to the coast and coastal walkways and protect significant public views of Belfast Lough and the lough shore.

The boundary of the proposed Coastal Policy Area:  includes areas considered highly significant for the setting of key recreation areas;  aligns with the low water mark and, where appropriate, the high water mark.  includes waterfront properties within the Shore Road Area of Townscape Character (GD06) in Greenisland.  includes Sea Park supplementary Historic, Park, Garden and Demesne.  includes sensitive areas of this coast in the countryside that are prominent in public views and in views from Belfast Lough; and  includes Beach Road Local Nature Reserve.

Area of Constraint on High Structures (ACHS) An Area of Constraint on High Structures is proposed to protect the highly distinctive and prominent headland of White Head which is an important landscape feature that contributes significantly to the setting of Whitehead and the Belfast Lough coast.

The boundary of the proposed ACHS:

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includes an area to the south of Belfast Road and east of Quay Lane and abutting the proposed Belfast Lough Shore Coastal Policy Area boundary; and includes an area north of Belfast Road bounded by the Belfast Road, Quay Lane and Raw Brae Road.

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PHOTOS

Belfast Lough Shore: extensive urban development and Kilroot Power Station chimney

Belfast Lough Shore: view of Sea Park supplementary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne

Belfast Lough Shore: Waterfront properties within Shore Road Area of Townscape Character

Belfast Lough Shore: stone/pebble beach and revetments & open views along coast 54

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Belfast Lough Shore: sandy beach, revetments & Knockagh War Memorial and Carrickfergus Escarpment in the background

White Head headland: view from McCrae’s Brae across Whitehead settlement

Belfast Lough Shore: Carrickfergus Castle and harbour

White Head headland: view from Whitehead Car Park (Old Castle Road)

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Belfast Lough Shore - cSLA 07 EVALUATION MATRIX Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features Loughs

Coastal Shorelines

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Distinct

White Head headland is a distinctive prominent feature in the coastal landscape.

Exceptional

Belfast Lough is a large intertidal sea lough situated at the mouth of the River Lagan. The inner part of the lough comprises a series of mudflats and lagoons and the outer lough is restricted to mainly rocky shores with some small sandy bays. Belfast Lough is included within Belfast Lough Open Water Special Protection Area (SPA) (to be subsumed within the proposed East Coast (NI) Marine SPA) which comprises the marine area below the mean low water mark and this has been designated as the lough supports internationally important wintering population of Great Crested Grebe, Red-throated Diver and Common Tern.

Distinct

The Carrickfergus coast is distinctive as it is part of Northern Ireland’s most settled coastal landscape and is the focus of transport corridors, for example, to the north-east of Carrickfergus the Belfast-Larne railway runs alongside Belfast Lough shore. This part of the lough shore is predominantly developed and includes industrial sites and Kilroot Power Station. This coast has an absence of tranquillity, and movement, noise and artificial lighting has a strong influence in this area. The distinctiveness of this shoreline is increased by the presence of prominent features such as the State Care monument Carrickfergus Castle and Kilroot Power Station.

Significant River Corridors

Not present

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Not present

Nature Conservation Sites

Exceptional

1. Belfast Lough Ramsar (SPA) – the Ramsar boundary is entirely coincident with that of the Belfast Lough SPA. The is designated to protect habitat that supports internationally important numbers of Redshank (NI Priority Species) in winter, regularly supports nationally important numbers of Great Crested Grebe, Shelduck, Eider, Goldeneye (NI Priority Species), Red-breasted Merganser, Oystercatcher, Purple Sandpiper, Black-tailed Godwit (NI Priority Species), Bar-tailed Godwit, Curlew (NI Priority Species) and Turnstone.

2. Belfast Lough Special Protection Area (SPA) – The boundary of this designation is entirely coincident with that of the Belfast Lough Ramsar and adjoins part of the East Coast (Northern Ireland) Marine SPA. Marine areas below mean low water are not included within this designation. The outer lough is mainly rocky shores with a number of sandy bays on the southern shore with more extensive mixed sediment intertidal areas on the northern side. The principal interests within this designation are the breeding colony of Common and Arctic Tern and the wintering populations of Redshanks (NI Priority Species), Bar-tailed Godwit and Black-tailed Godwit (NI Priority Species). The SPA provides suitable habitat to meet the various needs of these species including sites for breeding (for the migratory Tern species), feeding and roosting. In contrast, the nonbreeding wading species (Bar-tailed Godwit. Black-tailed Godwit and Redshank) enjoy a relatively mild winter in Northern Ireland compared to conditions they would be exposed to if they remained on their northern breeding grounds.

3. Belfast Lough Open Water Special Protection Area (SPA) (to be subsumed within the proposed East Coast (NI) Marine SPA) – The Belfast Lough open water area comprises the marine area below the mean low water mark. Water depths within the site are generally between 1 m and 10m. This designation seeks to protect habitat that supports an internationally important population of Great Crested Grebe.

4. East Coast (NI) Marine proposed Special Protection Area (pSPA) – The proposed East Coast (Northern Ireland) Marine Special Protection Area includes coastal and near shore waters from Ringfad near Carnlough, Co. Antrim in the north, the marine area of Larne Lough, the marine area of Belfast Lough, waters around the Copleand Islands and offshore of the Ards Peninsula to Cloghan Head, near Ardglass in the south. Within Belfast Lough muds grade into muddy sands toward the outer Lough, with extensive areas of cobbles and shell debris overlying the muddy sand. This designation seeks to protect habitat that supports an internationally important population of Great Crested Grebe, Red Throated Diver, Common Tern, Arctic Tern, Manx Shearwater and Eider Duck, and other important species.

5. North Channel Special Area of Conservation (SAC) – the site stretches along the eastern shore of Islandmagee to Whitehead. The site is an area with predicted persistent high densities of harbour porpoise, particularly in winter. The designation seeks to protect important winter habitat for harbour porpoise (NI Priority Species).

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6. Outer Belfast Lough Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – this designation is of special scientific interest by reason of the flora, fauna and geological features. Tertiary basaltic and dolerite intrusions are abundant in the Triassic rocks, particularly along the northern shore between Greenisland and Carrickfergus. Massive dykes are evident at Carrickfergus, forming, in part, the foundation of Carrickfergus Castle. Semi-natural vegetation is now confined to a narrow shoreline strip which is very fragmented. The bird populations of the inner lough and outer lough areas are closely linked. However, the outer lough area is significant in its own right and holds nationally important numbers of several species of overwintering birds, for example, the Great Crested Grebe.

7. Beach Road Local Nature Reserve, Whitehead – this nature reserve is owned and managed by Mid and East Antrim Borough Council, and is a supportive habitat to a wide range of birds, insects and plants. A wildflower meadow boasting a rich mix of flora and fauna has been created to further enhance biodiversity at this former quarry site and Peregrine Falcons nest in this area.

Significant Geological sites

Exceptional

Outer Belfast Lough ASSI – see above

Nature Reserves

Exceptional

Beach Road Local Nature Reserve – see above. This feature is distinctive along the Carrickfergus coast.

Distinctive

Woodland cover is very limited along this part of the MEA coast, however, there is a significant wooded area associated with Sea Park supplementary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne.

Woodland

Overall Landscape Sensitivity High: by reason of the environmentally sensitive intertidal area which is included within nature conservation designations of international and national importance which recognise the significance of the habitat present which helps support marine life and several species of overwintering and breeding birds. Further, the shoreline is the location of important geological sites, for example, the massive dykes which make up part of the foundation of Carrickfergus Castle. This coastline also has landscape features which contribute significantly to the setting of this coastal area and its local distinctiveness, such as, Sea Park supplementary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne, waterfront residential properties in Greenisland (within Shore Road ATC), Carrickfergus Castle (State Care Monument), Beach Road Nature Reserve and the distinctive White Head headland. Therefore, cumulatively, key landscape and natural heritage assets on this part of the MEA coast result in a shoreline that is highly sensitive in landscape terms, particularly in the context of a coastal area where the inter-tidal habitat is highly sensitive and public views of the lough shore are so important.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded Distinctive

This coastal area of the Borough is distinctive in a regional context in that it is part of Northern Ireland’s most settled coastal area and is the focus of road, rail and ship transport corridors. This coastline plays a vital role in framing the setting of coastal settlements and historic environment assets located along the lough shore and in facilitating views across Belfast Lough. Further, this coastline is visually sensitive as open views of the lough and lough shore are a fundamental aspect of the local landscape and there are a number of significant views of the waterfront and coast along the A2 Road which is part of the Causeway Coastal Route.

White Head headland is a distinctive feature that is highly sensitive to inappropriate development due to its prominence and importance for the setting of Whitehead and the coastal area.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors

Description

Scenic / Tourist Route

Whilst coastal development blocks visibility from some locations inland, there are a number of significant views of the waterfront and coast along the A2 Road which is part of the Causeway Coastal Route and from the Belfast-Larne railway line which runs parallel to the coast north-east of Carrickfergus.

Visitor / Recreational sites

Views from Belfast Lough and along the shore of this coastal strip are also important due to the volume of traffic (boats/ ferries/ships) on the lough and the intensive use of the lough and shoreline for recreation.

There are critical views of the coast from key areas of recreation, such as, Carrickfergus Castle, Carrickfergus Marina, Fisherman’s Quay, White Harbour marina, Marine Gardens, Beach Road Nature Reserve, beaches at Carrickfergus and coastal walkways.

There are critical views of this coastal area from Knockagh War Memorial which is a significant landmark within our Borough.

Recognised walking/cycle routes Residential Areas

There are no recognised walking or cycling routes along this part of the MEA coast.

There are critical views of the shore from residential areas, particularly from waterfront properties within the settlements of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and Whitehead.

There are critical views of White Head headland from residential areas within Whitehead such as the Donegall Avenue area.

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Public Roads

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

There are critical views of the coast from the Belfast Road and Marine Highway (both on the Causeway Coastal Route) and some long distance views from other public roads, for example, Beltoy Road and Red Brae Road.

There are critical views of White Head headland from some public roads such as Ballystrudder Road and McCrae’s Brae.

Overall Visual Sensitivity

Medium to High: by reason of the critical views of the shore from the Causeway Coastal Route, the Belfast – Larne railway line, key recreation areas/visitor attractions and residential areas. However, it is also recognised that views of the shore from areas inland are restricted in many places by extensive urban development. Relatively high visual sensitivity is also a result of the critical views of White Head headland from residential areas within Whitehead, and both the shore and White Head headland are also exposed to critical views from traffic (boats/ferries/ships) on Belfast Lough and the East Coast Canoe Trail.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) There are internationally and nationally important natural heritage designations located along this coast that seek to, for example, protect important habitat for overwintering and migrating birds and protect important geological sites. These areas are highly valued by interest groups such as ornithologists, RSPB and geologists. Accessible beaches, public walkways and views from (and of) this coastal area, are also highly valued by the local community and visitors. Other sites of recreation along this coastline include marinas and quays that facilitate water-based activities such as fishing and boating, and Carrickfergus Castle is a significant tourist and visitor destination within MEA. The character of this area is heavily influence by extensive urban development and industrial sites that are located along this part of the MEA coast. Some of the larger industrial structures are intrusive elements which have led to a shoreline with a mixed character north-east of Carrickfergus, where the land use switches between residential, industrial and countryside. Despite this mixed character, the lough shore has some important landscape features that add interest and a perceptual quality to the coast, such as Carrickfergus Castle, Sea Park supplementary Historic Park, Garden and Demesne and waterfront properties within Shore Road Area of Townscape Character. An important feature of this coast is the open waterfront areas that permit views along the coast and across Belfast Lough, including from the Causeway Coastal Route and Belfast-Larne railway. Views of the shore from Belfast Lough have amenity value for those participating in boating, canoeing or travelling by ferry.

Overall Landscape Value

Medium to High: by reason of the presence of important natural heritage features in the intertidal area, important historic environment assets and recreation areas along the shore, Carrickfergus Castle which represents a major tourist resource, and the areas of the coast that permit views along the coast and across Belfast Lough. However, it is also recognised that extensive urbanisation and significant industrial sites have created a mixed character along parts of this coast and some industrial structures are intrusive in the coastal landscape, for example Kilroot Power Station. These elements have impacted on the aesthetic and perceptual qualities of the lough shore and, therefore, the overall landscape value is rated as medium to high.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) Much of this shoreline has been reinforced by hard sea defences, namely revetments, in order to counteract coastal erosion in this area.

Settlement Setting

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement This part of the MEA coast plays a vital role in framing the coastal settlements of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and Whitehead. The prominent headland White Head also contributes significantly to the setting of Whitehead.

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Candidate SLA 08 - Statement of Landscape Value LOCATION Slemish is located approximately 6 miles east of Ballymena and 4 miles east/south-east of Broughshane.

This volcanic plug is situated between the Braid River valley to the north and the Glenwhirry Valley to the south.

Ref: cSLA 08 – Name: Slemish and Surrounds LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 17 Maine and Braid River Valleys RLCA 18 Antrim Plateau and Glens LCA 117 Central Ballymena Glens LCA 124 Larne Basalt Moorland EXISTING DESIGNATIONS AONB – Antrim Coast and Glens Special Protection Area: Antrim Hills Area of Special Scientific Interest: Glen Burn LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE This area lies within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is a formal statutory designation in recognition of a landscape’s national importance with regard to its’ scenic qualities and nature conservation and heritage value. Slemish is the remains of an extinct volcano which rises to 437m and is the highest point in the region.

This volcanic plug is a unique landmark within our Borough due to its distinctive geological form, its exposure to views from many areas within our Borough and its association with St. Patrick, who is said to have tended sheep herds on Slemish.

The upper reaches are very steep and rugged, which contrasts to the surrounding agricultural fields which are generally enclosed by well-maintained stone walls and the relatively flat peatland located to the south, east and south-west. The uniqueness and high visibility of this volcanic plug causes it to dominate the landscape in the wider area. There are key views of Slemish and the surrounding upland area from, for example, Carnlough Road, Collin Road, Glenview Road, Rathkeel Road, Shillanavogy Road and Ballymena town. Key receptors include Carnlough Road (A42) which is a tourist route leading from Ballymena to the Antrim Coast, Ballymena town and Collin Road which has a viewing/picnic area that enjoys long-distance views of Slemish and the surrounding ridges and slopes.

This area is highly valued within our Borough as it is a widely recognised landmark set in an area which has an undeveloped appearance and wild characteristics. Peatland (NI Priority Habitat) is also present in this area. The wild and unspoilt character in this area is increasingly unique due to the gradual encroachment of development into such undeveloped areas of our Borough.

There is peatland to the south and east of Slemish. Peatland ecosystems are amongst the most important in Northern Ireland as they provide a variety of ecosystem services. For example, they form a significant carbon store, they help to regulate water flows and reducing the risk of flooding and they provide habitat for valued wildlife. Peatland to the south and south-east of Slemish is within the Antrim Hills SPA. This designation supports nationally important populations of hen harrier (NI Priority Species) and merlin and is an internationally significant natural heritage conservation site. These rare birds attract nature enthusiasts and ornithologists to this area, as does the presence of other rare birds and interesting plant species.

This area is enjoyed by tourists and visitors who are attracted by the spectacular views of the surrounding landscape from the top of Slemish. Slemish has a well-defined walking trail, an interpretation and orientation area, a picnic and barbeque area, and there are organised events held at this landmark, for example, an organised climb of Slemish on St. Patrick’s Day. Slemish is included on the the Antrim Hills Way long distance

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas walking route and the National Cycle Network, and the distinctive Shillanavogy Valley was used as a ‘Game of Thrones’ film location. These factors attract visitors to Slemish and its’ surrounds.

Slemish does not frame the immediate setting of any of the settlements within the Borough, however, due to its exposure to long distant views, it does appear as a unique landscape feature in views from Ballymena town.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE The wider area around Slemish has experienced pressure for wind energy development and there has been pressure for the development of wind farms around Douglas Top and to the north-east of Slemish in the Carnalbanagh Road area. Although some applications for wind energy development have been refused, including proposed wind farms, further pressure for this type of development may increase in the future. Any further encroachment of wind energy development towards Slemish would have a significant adverse impact on the wild and unspoilt character around Slemish and could degrade the striking visual qualities of this landmark feature by reducing its unique visual prominence.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There has been no pressure for solar energy development in this area.

SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE Generally, there has been low pressure for single dwellings in this area. However, a pocket of medium pressure for single dwellings has been experienced in the Cashel Road/Carnalbanagh Road/Lisnamurrican Road area. These dwellings are generally well-integrated due to the strong landscape structure of this area.

Although the pressure for single dwellings is low in the immediate area around Slemish, any further encroachment of single dwellings onto the slopes of Slemish would have a significant adverse impact on the setting of this landmark feature and/or degrade the wild and unspoilt character exhibited in areas to the east, south and south-west of Slemish.

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(s): JUSTIFICATION The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape character, conservation and protection of landscape quality, protection of designated areas of the countryside from inappropriate development and protection of important geological and geomorphological features.

Slemish is a distinctive volcanic plug and a unique landmark which is intrinsically linked to the identity of the Borough. This landmark is widely visible, associated with St. Patrick and the undeveloped slopes and surrounding landscape provide valuable habitat for rare birds and plants. This area is enjoyed by nature enthusiasts, walkers, visitors and tourists, not least because of the spectacular views from the top of Slemish.

Cumulatively, these factors would support a landscape designation that aims to protect the special wild and unspoilt character of Slemish and the surrounding peatland from the adverse impacts of development.

The encroachment of development onto the slopes of Slemish has generally been limited to the northern slopes, however, there has been some limited development to the south and east. For example, there is a dwelling and associated yard located on Carnstroan Lane on the upper slopes of Slemish. Adjacent to this dwelling and yard, a grid-like field pattern has been created and is not in-keeping with the wild and undeveloped character of this area. Any further such development here, or in other areas in close proximity to Slemish, would detract from the special wild character of this area. Further, peat cutting has occurred west of Shillanavogy Road and any further cutting would also adversely impact on the areas’ wild character.

The SPPS and Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 21: Sustainable Development in the Countryside state that, some areas of the countryside exhibit exceptional landscapes wherein the quality of the landscape and unique amenity value is such that development should only be permitted in exceptional circumstances. Where appropriate these areas should be designated as Special Countryside Areas (SCAs) in LDPs and appropriate policies brought forward to ensure their protection from unnecessary and inappropriate development. The volcanic plug of Slemish Mountain and surrounding land exhibits exceptional scenic quality and landscape 59

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Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

quality. With regard to these qualities, the distinctiveness of the landscape, its’ unique amenity value and the sensitivity of this area to development, it is considered that this area warrants inclusion within a SCA in which development should only be permitted in exceptional circumstances.

Based on the Countryside Assessment, the SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan, that complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas.

High Structures and Large-Scale Solar Farms The SPPS adopts a cautious approach for renewable energy development proposals within designated landscapes which are of significant value and their wider settings and recognises that it may be difficult to accommodate renewable energy proposals, including wind turbines, without detriment to the region’s cultural and natural heritage assets. Any further encroachment of wind energy development towards Slemish, or the development of high structures (over 15m) in this area, would have a significant adverse impact on the setting of Slemish and reduce its visual prominence in the landscape leading to the degradation of a unique landscape asset. For these reasons, it is considered appropriate to restrict the height of structures to 15m in the areas where such development would have a significant adverse impact on the setting of Slemish.

It is also considered that large-scale solar farms would have a significant adverse impact on the setting of Slemish due to factors such as the relatively large area coverage of such installations and the light-reflecting properties of the solar panels. These factors mean such development would be inappropriately obtrusive in the landscape when considering the importance of the setting of Slemish and, therefore, it is proposed that large-scale solar farms should not be permitted in this area.

Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Special Countryside Area A Special Countryside Area (SCA) (see map) is proposed to protect the wild and unspoilt character in the immediate area around Slemish for the reasons set out above. The boundary of the proposed SCA:      

aligns to Shillanavogy Road; aligns to Carnstroan Road and Carnstroan Lane; follows field boundaries that help to distinguish deeply rural areas from areas with a wild character; aligns to Racavan Road; aligns to Douglas Road; and aligns to a track and a fence running to the north of a plantation forest to join with Shillanavogy Road.

Area of Constraint on High Structures (ACHS) An Area of Constraint on High Structures (see map) is proposed to protect Slemish and its’ setting from the adverse visual impacts associated with high structures or large-scale solar farms. The boundary of the proposed ACHS: aligns to Carnalbanagh Road; aligns to Lisnamurrican Road; aligns to Rathkeel Road; runs in an east-west direction north of Church Road (excluding areas with previous planning approvals for single wind turbines over 15m); and  runs in a north-south direction east of Shillanavogy Road (aligns to lanes, a river and contour lines).

   

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PHOTOS

View from Carnlough Road (A42)

View from Collin Road

View from Shillanavogy Road

View from Rathkeel Road 61

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View from Glenleslie Road

View from Longmore Road

View from Longmore Road

View from Kilnacolpagh Road

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SLEMISH AND SURROUNDS - cSLA 08 EVALUATION MATRIX Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Exceptional

Slemish appears highly distinctive in the landscape with its steep rugged upper slopes set against relatively flat peatland to the east, south and south-west and the regular field pattern on its lower western and northern slopes.

Slemish Mountain is a distinctive volcanic plug and is the highest point in the region (437m).

Slemish is unique due to its distinctiveness, prominence and high visual exposure. This landmark is widely visible across the Borough.

Loughs

Not Present

Coastal Shorelines

Not Present

Significant River Corridors

Not present

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Distinct

The uplands around Slemish are predominantly covered in rush pasture, heath and blanket bog (NI Priority Habitat). This type of habitat is common in upland areas across Northern Ireland such as the Sperrins and the Mournes. There is a relatively flat area of peatland to the south, east and south-west of Slemish. This type of habitat is amongst the most important in Northern Ireland as it provides a variety of ecosystem services.

Nature Conservation Sites

Unique

1. Antrim Hills Special Protection Area (SPA) – an area to the south and south-east of Slemish is included within this designation which is designated to protect habitats that support breeding Hen Harrier (NI Priority Species) and Merlin.

2. Glen Burn Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – this area is of special scientific interest because of the richness and diversity of its woodland vegetation. Glen Burn is an area of semi-natural woodland on the slopes of the Glen Burn River. Over the extent of the site, the river flows in a north-westerly direction, within a narrow, steep-sided gorge-like valley. The site contains scarce plants Dutch Rush and Toothwort.

Significant Geological sites Nature Reserves Woodland

Distinct

Slemish is a distinctive volcanic plug.

Not present

N/A

Distinct

Northern Ireland (NI) ranks as one of the least wooded regions in Europe with just 8% woodland cover, compared with the European average of 46%. In addition, almost 60% of our woodland is in the form of recent conifer plantations (Woodlandtrust.org.uk, last accessed 22/01/2019). Although woodland in this area is limited to a conifer plantation forest to the south of Slemish, in the context of a general low level of woodland across NI, this woodland is regarded as distinctive in this open landscape.

Overall Landscape Sensitivity High: by reason of the wild unspoilt landscape which provides a setting for the volcanic plug, the expansive area of peatland within this area and the importance of the habitat to the south of Slemish for important bird populations. The habitat within the SPA and the peatland abutting Slemish are vulnerable habitats that contribute significantly to ecosystem services. Slemish and its setting are unique and synonymous with the identity of the Borough.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded

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AONB

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

The majority of this area falls within the boundary of the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is highly valued for its scenic and perceptual qualities. Key features within this candidate Sensitive Landscape Area include the wild, unspoilt and undeveloped character, the openness of the landscape, and the neat field structure whereby fields are small in scale and generally bounded by well-maintained stone walls.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors Scenic / Tourist Route

Description There are strong critical views of Slemish from Carnlough Road, Collin Road and Shillanavogy Road.   

Carnlough Road (A42) is one of the main visitor/tourist routes towards the Antrim Coast from Ballymena.

Collin Road has a viewing area with car parking and picnic facilities.

Areas adjacent to Shillanavogy Road have been used as Game of Thrones filming locations and attract Game of Thrones enthusiasts to the area.

Slemish Mountain is a significant landmark within the Borough which attracts tourists to the area. There are extensive views over the surrounding landscape from the top of Slemish and these critical views function as a “pull” factor for tourists and visitors.

Visitor / Recreational sites

Slemish Mountain is significant landmark within the Borough which attracts tourists to the area. There are extensive views over the surrounding landscape from the top of Slemish and these critical views function as draw for tourists and visitors. Rare bird and plant species can be observed at Slemish or in the surrounding area and this is a “pull” factor for nature enthusiasts.

Recognised walking/cycle routes

Slemish is a start/end point on the Ulster Way and Antrim Hills Way from which there are critical views of the surrounding landscape.

Residential Areas Public Roads

Overall Visual Sensitivity

Slemish is also located as a “stop” on the National Cycle Network. Kilnacolpagh Road, Slemish View, Hazelbank Road and Buckna Road are included on this cycle route and there are critical views of Slemish from these roads.

There are long range critical views of Slemish from Ballymena town.

Slemish is widely visible from public roads across the Borough.

High: by reason of the strong critical views of Slemish and its surrounds from significant tourist and visitor routes, recreational sites (including Slemish itself), recognised walking and cycling routes and Ballymena town.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) Slemish is a distinctive volcanic plug and a unique landmark which is intrinsically linked to the identity of the Borough and is associated with St. Patrick.

This area is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB and has a special wild and unspoilt character which contributes to the setting of Slemish.

The surrounding landscape provides valuable habitat for rare birds and plants.

Peatland (NI Priority Habitat) is found to the south and south-east of Slemish.

This area is enjoyed by nature enthusiasts, walkers, visitors and tourists, not least because of the spectacular views from the top of Slemish.

Slemish has a well-defined walking trail, an interpretation and orientation area, a picnic and barbeque area, and there are organised events held at this landmark, for example, an organised climb of Slemish on St. Patrick’s Day. Slemish is included on the route of the Antrim Hills Way long distance walking path and the National Cycle Network.

The distinctive Shillanavogy Valley was used as a ‘Game of Thrones’ film location which attracts Game of Thrones enthusiasts into the area.

Overall Landscape Value

High: by reason of the many positive qualities of this area that add value to this landscape, for example, the value Slemish and its setting holds for the identity of the Borough and the fact that this area provides a unique setting for walkers, cyclists, ornithologists, visitors and tourists. This area is also has high landscape quality – it is located within the AONB; part of this areas is within the Antrim Hills SPA; Glen Burn ASSI is located in this area; the northern and western slopes have a neat field structure with well-maintained stone walls; and the southern and eastern slopes have a wild and unspoilt character with limited or no development. This high landscape quality adds greatly to the value of the landscape for the local community, tourists and visitors.

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Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) No Risk

Settlement Setting

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement Slemish does not frame the immediate setting of any of the settlements within the Borough, however, due to its exposure to long distant views, it does appear as a unique landscape feature in views from Ballymena town.

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Candidate SLA 09 - Statement of Landscape Value LOCATION This candidate Sensitive Landscape Area (cSLA) is the area associated with the Carrickfergus Escarpment bounded by Woodburn Forest, Woodburn Road, the B90 and the Council boundary.

Ref: cSLA 09 – Name: Carrickfergus Escarpment LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 19 South Antrim Hills and Six Mile Water RLCA 20 Belfast Lough and Islandmagee LCA 98 Carrickfergus Upland Pastures LCA 130 Carrickfergus Farmed Escarpment EXISTING DESIGNATIONS Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ): Carrickfergus Escarpment Area of Constraint on Mineral Development (ACMD): LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE This cSLA includes part of an undulating upland plateau, a steep basalt escarpment and farmland north of the B90. This area is included within the Carrickfergus Escarpment Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ) and provides a distinctive setting for Carrickfergus, Greenisland, Greenisland Golf Club and Newtownabbey.

The most dramatic feature in this visually sensitive cSLA is the escarpment which has sheer basalt cliffs, wooded upper slopes and an undeveloped ridgeline which provides the setting for Knockagh County Antrim War Memorial (monument, walling and gate are B2 Listed Structures). This highly distinctive escarpment provides a striking backdrop for the settlements of Carrickfergus and Greenisland and contributes to the significant natural setting of the Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area. This attractive natural setting reinforces the area’s uniqueness and, in this regard, the Carrickfergus Escarpment is a critical landscape feature for the local distinctiveness and sense of place of Carrickfergus and Greenisland. Therefore, the conservation of the visual integrity of ridge top is critically important. The monument at Knockagh is a very prominent landmark here, and in the wider region, and together with the basalt scarp, forms a landmark skyline element in the landscape.

There is a gradual transition from the small-scale pastures on the lower farmland slopes to the broader, more wooded landscape on the ridgetop and the character of these distinctive areas is sensitive to change.

The upland plateau area feels relatively remote in comparison to the nearby urban areas and the wind-blown profile of small hedgerow trees and shelterbelts emphasises the exposed feel of this landscape. Woodburn Forest is a large plantation forest found on the upland plateau and this forest creates a strong sense of enclosure in this landscape.

The farmland north of the B90 has a strong rural character and forms a transition between the flat coastal fringe of the Carrickfergus Shoreline (LCA 129) and the Carrickfergus Upland Pastures (LCA 98). This area is a fairly narrow strip of undulating land on the margins of the basalt plateau that includes the Woodburn Glen, which cuts back into the slope, breaking the otherwise regular and smooth profile. In this area, the gradual transition from small scale pastures to a broader, more wooded landscape on the ridge top is very distinctive. This farmland area is highly significant for the setting of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and the foreground setting of the escarpment, particularly as this area is visually exposed to views from the heavily trafficked B90 and Knockagh Monument. Although, this area has not been subjected to the same level of residential development experienced by the low-lying areas close to the coast, the few recent examples of new housing are often sited in exposed locations which detracts from the high scenic quality of the area. Due to this area’s proximity to good transport networks, existing settlements and the coast, there is strong

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas pressures for housing on these lower farmland slopes. There are also pylons running across this part of the cSLA. Despite the visually intrusive dwellings and utility infrastructure in this area, the landscape retains relatively high scenic quality, particularly due to the strong rural character and the strategic role of this area for the setting of coastal settlements and as the foreground setting to the Carrickfergus Escarpment.

There are critical views of the Carrickfergus Escarpment and Knockagh monument from the settlements of Carrickfergus, Greenisland, Newtonwabbey, the B90 and the A2 Causeway Coastal Route (Shore Road and Belfast Road). In the wider area, there are also long-distance views of Knockagh monument and its setting from the M2 and Cave Hill, and views of the basalt escarpment from the southern shoreline of Belfast Lough, notably at the Esplanade, Holywood.

From Knockagh monument there are expansive views of the farmland slopes, Carrickfergus, Greenisland, Greenisland Golf Club, Newtownabbey and across Belfast Lough. From this vantage point, there is a sense of wildness and grandeur due to the elevated position and panoramic views.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There has been some pressure for wind energy development in this cSLA. In the upland area, there are 5 sites of wind energy applications to the west of Monument Road and one to the north-east of Monument Road. Of these applications, permission was granted for single wind turbines at four of the 5 application sites to the west of Monument Road and permission was not granted for single wind turbines at the remaining two sites. There was an application for a single wind turbine north-west of Trooperslane – this wind turbine was domestic in scale and received planning permission.

This cSLA is highly sensitive to wind energy development as it is a visually exposed area that exhibits high scenic quality and has an imposing basalt escarpment which provides a dramatic backdrop for the settlements of Carrickfergus and Greenisland. The landscape features and qualities of this cSLA contribute significantly to the attractive and unique setting of these settlements which are located between the Belfast Lough shore and this cSLA. Further, Knockagh Monument is a landmark feature in the landscape, the setting of which is highly sensitive to inappropriate development due to its location on the undeveloped ridge top of the Carrickfergus Escarpment and the exposure of this area to critical views.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There has been no pressure for solar energy development within this cSLA. The high scenic quality of this landscape, the area’s high visual exposure and importance for the setting of coastal settlements, the Carrickfergus escarpment and Knockagh monument makes this landscape highly sensitive to large-scale solar farm development. As such, any proposed large-scale solar farm would have an unacceptable adverse visual impact in this area.

SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE Since the introduction of PPS 21 in June 2010, generally there has been low pressure for single dwellings in this cSLA. However, the development pressure ‘heat map’ indicated a pocket of medium pressure north of Trooperslane (Upper Road) mainly as a result of farm dwellings and replacement dwellings. The visual impact of new single dwellings in these visually exposed areas require careful consideration so as not to further erode rural character, and further encroachment of development onto the escarpment slopes north of the B90 should be avoided.

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(S): JUSTIFICATION Based on the Countryside Assessment, the SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan, that complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape character, conservation and protection of landscape quality, protection of designated areas of the countryside from inappropriate development and protection of important geological and geomorphological features.

This cSLA is included within the Carrickfergus Escarpment Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ) and exhibits high scenic quality which, in conjunction with the dramatic basalt escarpment, undeveloped ridgetop, landmark Knockagh monument and the disinctive transition from small scale pastures to the wooded upper slopes of the escarpment, provides an attractive and dramatic setting for the settlements of Carrickfergus and Greenisland and these features a prominent in views from the A2 Causeway Coastal Route. The farmland north of the B90 can be viewed from Knockagh and provides an attractive foreground setting for the basalt escarpment and Knockagh monument. Further, the RDS highlights that areas of high scenic value such as this cSLA should be protected from development due to their importance for reinforcing the unique natural setting of the BMUA. However, there has been some encroachment of electricity pylons and single wind turbines into the foreground area of the escarpment and in this area new housing is often sited in exposed locations. It should be noted that the blades of a single wind turbine have breached the undeveloped ridgetop of the escarpment and this highlights the adverse visual impact such development can have.

The County Antrim War Memorial (Knockagh Monument) is a highly significant landmark (the largest war memorial in NI) and an important place of remembrance as it is dedicated to the fallen in the Great War and World War II. The monument, walling and gate are B2 Listed Structures which have a unique setting at the edge of the ridge top of the basalt escarpment. Due to the prominent location and high visual exposure of the listed monument, its’ setting is highly sensitive to development.

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Area of Constraint on High Structures (ACHS) An Area of Constraint on High Structures (see map) is proposed to protect the visual integrity of the undeveloped ridgetop, the high scenic quality of the scarp slopes and farmland north of the B90 and the setting of Knockagh monument from the adverse visual impacts associated with high structures or largescale solar farms.

The boundary of the proposed ACHS: • • • • • • •

Aligns to the shared Council boundary with Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council; Aligns to Greenisland settlement development limit; Aligns to Upper Road (B90); Aligns to Carrickfergus settlement development limit; Aligns to Woodburn Road; Aligns to field boundaries to include a prominent area of land north of Knockagh Road and west of Woodburn Road; and Aligns to Knockagh Road.

This area also has some recreation value. Visitors to Knockagh monument can enjoy panoramic views across Belfast Lough and the BMUA from the ridgetop of the escarpment and a link section of the Ulster Way (Ballynure to Belfast) follows a route through Woodburn Forest and along Knockagh Road. Greenisland Golf Course is located north of the B90 at the foot of the escarpment. This cSLA is highly valued by the local and wider community, and the dramatic basalt escarpment and landmark Knockagh monument provides visual interest for those travelling along the Causeway Coastal Route between Greenisland and Carrickfergus.

In consideration of the factors discussed above, this landscape and associated features are highly sensitive to inappropriate development and it is considered that any high structure (over 15m) would have a significant adverse impact on the qualities of this landscape, particularly given the high exposure of this landscape to views from key receptors. It is particularly important to protect the visual integrity of the undeveloped ridgetop, the setting of Knockagh monument and the foreground setting of the basalt escarpment. For the same reasons, it is considered large-scale solar farms would be an unacceptably obtrusive form of development in this strategically important and visually sensitive landscape. Therefore, it is recommended that an Area of Constraint on high structures (over 15m) and large-scale solar farms is introduced for to protect this cSLA from these visually intrusive forms of development.

Extant Area of High Scenic Value (AoHSV) The draft Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan (BMAP) 2015 included this cSLA within a designated Area of High Scenic Value (COU 05/02) in order to protect the setting of the BMUA and the features of interest in this ASQ, having regard to SFG5 of the RDS. Policy applied to this AoHSV stated that planning permission will not be granted for development proposals that would be likely to have a significant adverse effect on the quality, character and features of interest in the Areas of High Scenic Value.

The SPPS (para 6.75) states that local policies may be brought forward to maintain the landscape quality and character of Areas of High Scenic Value. The scenic quality, assets and visual sensitivity of this area has been documented above. General Rural Policy within the LDP Plan Strategy will supersede Policy COU 6 (BMAP 2015) and Policies CTY 13 and CTY 14 of PPS 21 which currently provides policy protection for AoHSV. However, it is considered that any high structure (over 15m) or large-scale solar farm would have a significant adverse impact on the qualities of this landscape. Therefore, it is recommended that such development is precluded from this cSLA. 67

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PHOTOS

Carrickfergus Escarpment – view north-eastwards from Old Carrick Road (B90)

Carrickfergus Escarpment – view north-eastwards from Old Carrick Road (B90)

Carrickfergus Escarpment – view north-westwards from Upper Road (B90)

Knockagh Monument – view from Upper Road (B90) 69

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Carrickfergus Farmed Escarpment – view from Knockagh Monument

Wooded areas of Carrickfergus Escarpment – view from Knockagh Monument

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

Greenisland Golf Club (within Carrickfergus ASQ) – view from Knockagh Monument

Plateau area at Knockagh Monument – view north-westwards from Monument Road

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Carrickfergus Escarpment - cSLA 09 EVALUATION MATRIX Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Exceptional

Undulating upland area which is part of the Antrim Plateau Basalt escarpment with steep cliffs and caves Undeveloped ridgetop of the basalt escarpment Wooded scarp slopes Narrow strip of undulating farmland at the foot of the escarpment Woodburn Glen cuts back into the slopes, breaking the otherwise regular and smooth profile of the scarp slopes.

Loughs

Indistinct

Dorisland Reservoir – this reservoir is generally screened from views by the topography and woodland and is of limited biodiversity interest.

Coastal Shorelines

Not present

Significant River Corridors

Not present

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Not present

Nature Conservation Sites

Not present

There are no internationally or nationally significant nature conservation sites located within this cSLA.

Significant Geological sites

Not present

There are no internationally or nationally significant geological conservation sites located within this cSLA.

Nature Reserves

Not present

Woodland

Distinct

Woodburn River is located outside, and to the north-east of, this cSLA.

There is woodland located on the scarp slopes and this woodland is distinctive in that it creates a contrast as the landscape transitions from small scale pastures to a broader, more wooded landscape on the ridge top and upper slopes.

Woodburn Forest is located outside this cSLA.

Overall Landscape Sensitivity

High: by reason of the importance of this area of high scenic quality for the maintaining a unique sense of place and local distinctiveness for the Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area (BMUA) and the settlements of Carrickfergus and Greenisland and for providing features of visual interest along the Causeway Coastal Route and the heavily trafficked B90. This area also provides a unique setting for the landmark Knockagh monument. The undeveloped ridgetop and the high scenic quality of this area are characteristics of this landscape that are highly vulnerable to development, particularly prominent development.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded ASQ

The escarpment, ridgetop, part of the upland area and undulating farmland below the scarp are included within the Carrickfergus Escarpment Area of Scenic Quality (ASQ). This ASQ is recognized for its scenic quality and heritage value. Key features within this cSLA include the undeveloped character of the upland and ridgetop, the steep cliffs and wooded slopes of the basalt escarpment and the high

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scenic quality of undulating farmland north of the B90 which provides an attractive foreground setting for the escarpment. The gradual transition from small scale pastures to a broader, more wooded landscape on the ridge top is very distinctive. The escarpment, undeveloped ridgetop and elevated position of the upland area provides a unique setting for the landmark County Antrim War Memorial.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors Scenic / Tourist Route Visitor / Recreational sites

Description There are views of the Carrickfergus Escarpment and Knockagh monument from the A2 Shore Road/Belfast Road which is part of the Causeway Coastal Route.

There are long distance critical views of the Carrickfergus Escarpment and Knockagh monument from Carrickfergus Harbour and Marina, Greenisland Golf Club and the Ulster University campus.

From Knockagh monument, there are panoramic views of the slopes and farmland below the escarpment and across the coastal area abutting Belfast Lough.

Recognised walking/cycle routes Residential Areas Public Roads

A link section of the Ulster Way (Ballynure to Belfast) passes through Woodburn Forest and along Knockagh Road. There are views of the upland area of this cSLA from Knockagh Road.

There are critical views of the escarpment, Knockagh monument and the farmland below the escarpment from residential areas within Carrickfergus, Greenisland and Newtownabbey.

There are critical views of this cSLA from the B90 (Old Carrick Road and Upper Road) and more restricted views from Knockagh Road. There are also long distance critical views from the M2 and other public road in the wider area.

Overall Visual Sensitivity High: by reason of the critical views of this landscape and its distinctive features from the A2 Causeway Coastal Route and key recreation/visitor sites such as Carrickfergus Harbour and Marina, Greenisland Golf Club and Knockagh War Memorial. This highly scenic landscape can also be viewed from the Ulster Way (Ballynure – Belfast link section) and residential areas within Carrickfergus, Greenisland and Newtownabbey. From the listed key receptors, there is a strong appreciation of the role this area of high scenic quality plays in framing the setting of the coastal settlements of Carrickfergus and Greenisland and its significant contribution to the unique natural setting of the BMUA.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) There are no internationally and nationally important natural heritage conservation designations located within this cSLA. This area contributes significantly to the setting of the aforementioned coastal settlements and the BMUA and in this regard the undeveloped ridgetop, the steep cliffs of the basalt escarpment, the wooded scarp slopes and the strong rural character of the farmland below the escarpment are key landscape features. In this area of high scenic quality the key landscape characteristics are intact despite some limited intrusive development from electricity pylons and new dwellings in exposed locations.

The dramatic backdrop provided the escarpment and the landmark Knockagh monument contribute to a unique setting and strong sense of place in this area which is valued by the local community.

Visitors and tourists travelling along the Causeway Coastal Route and those visiting Carrickfergus Harbour can also appreciate views of the escarpment and monument.

The local community and visitors can also experience panoramic views of the coastal area and Belfast Lough from Knockagh monument, which is an important site remembrance for the fallen in the Great War and World War II. Knockagh monument, walling and gate are Grade B2 listed structures with a unique visually exposed setting at the top of the escarpment. This site is a destination along the Ulster Way (Ballynure – Belfast link section).

Overall Landscape Value

Medium to High: by reason of the strong aesthetic and perceptual qualities of this visually exposed area of high scenic quality which has exceptional landscape features such as the basalt escarpment, Knockagh monument and a distinctive transition from small scale pastures to a broader, more wooded landscape on the ridge top and upper slopes. This exceptional landscape has limited degradation and limited intrusive development and the strong rural character of this areas is intact. The landscape of this cSLA makes a significant contribution to the setting of the BMUA and the settlements of Carrickfergus and Greenisland by providing a dramatic backdrop to these areas which is valued by the local community and those travelling along the A2 (Causeway Coastal Route). Visitors to the Knockagh War Memorial can experience spectacular views across this coastal area and Belfast Lough and Greenisland Golf Club provides a formal opportunity for recreation. Dorisland Reservoir is an impounding reservoir which supplies drinking water to the local community. The Overall Landscape Value of this cSLA is rated medium-high, as opposed to high, as the recreation value and potential is not as high when compared with other areas included within this study.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain)

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No known flood risk.

Settlement Setting

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement The key landscape features such as the basalt escarpment, the wooded scarp slopes, undeveloped ridgetop, Knockagh monument, strong rural character of the farmland north of the B90 and the high scenic quality of this area contribute significantly to the setting of the BMUA and the coastal settlements of Carrickfergus and Greenisland.

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Candidate SLA 10 - Statement of Landscape Value LOCATION This area includes the south-western area of the Garron Plateau (outside of Cleggan Forest) and the hills to the east of Cargan.

Ref: cSLA 10 – Name: Garron Plateau: south-western ridge and hills east of Cargan LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 18 Antrim Plateau and Glens LCA 122 Garron Plateau LCA 123 Larne Glens EXISTING DESIGNATIONS AONB: Antrim Coast and Glens Ramsar: Garron Plateau Special Area of Conservation: Garron Plateau Special Protection Area: Antrim Hills Area of Special Scientific Interest: Garron Plateau LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE This area lies within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is a formal statutory designation in recognition of a landscape’s national importance with regard to its’ scenic qualities and nature conservation and heritage value.

The Garron Plateau is part of a `table' of Upper Basalt located to the north-east of Ballymena and stretches to the Garron Point where dramatic stepped cliffs plunge into the sea. On the summits there are extensive tracts of peat bog which support bog communities of heathers, moorland grasses and rushes. This part of the Garron Plateau includes Dungonnell Reservoir (partly within MEA), the ridgeline to the south of Cargan and the prominent summits of Cargan Rock and Craignamaddy. This upland moorland has a wild beauty which is appreciated by those seeking solitude and tranquillity. The public, nature enthusiasts and ornithologists can explore the area around Dungonnell Reservoir via the Dungonnell Way Trail. This wild upland area remains largely undisturbed by human intervention, although there has been some development along Dungonnell Road, for example, Dungonnel Reservoir and associated infrastructure and single dwellings and farmsteads.

The majority of this candidate SLA is included within the Garron Plateau ASSI, Ramsar and SAC which recognise the important natural heritage assets contained within this unique area. The Garron Plateau is the largest area of blanket bog (NI Priority Habitat) in Northern Ireland. The peatland supports a number of rare and notable plant and animal species, a diverse upland breeding bird population (includes Antrim Hills SPA), sphagnum mosses and a wide variety of insects (see Evaluation Matrix below). This part of the candidate SLA includes Dungonnell Reservoir and Dam and the Quolie Reservoirs which supply water to parts of our Council area and Causeway Coast and Glens Council area. Cleggan Forest is located within the Garron Plateau LCA and abuts the area considered here.

The undeveloped south-western ridgeline of the Garron Plateau is highly distinctive and visually exposed to views from Cargan, the A43 Glenravel Road and other public roads located in this glen. This ridgeline contributes significantly to the setting of Cargan and the A43 Glenravel Road which is a significant tourist route to the Antrim coast.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE This candidate SLA has experienced very low pressure for wind energy development. There is only one application site for a single wind turbine to the east of Cargan (close to Dungonnell Road Treatment Works)

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas and planning permission was granted. It is likely to be difficult to accommodate further wind energy development in this area as this landscape is highly sensitive.

Outside of this cSLA, there was an application for a single wind turbine to the west of Cargan (Tuftarney Road) and this proposal was refused planning permission.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There has been no applications for solar energy development within this candidate SLA. SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE Since the introduction of PPS 21 in June 2010 there has been very low pressure for single dwellings in the countryside within this candidate SLA. The low-level residential development pressure is indicative of the fact that this area is characterised by upland moorland and steep slopes and that public road access within this area is limited.

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(s): JUSTIFICATION The RDS 2035 states that Northern Ireland’s environment is a unique asset and that landscape character is what makes an area unique. Under RG11, the RDS strategic aims for the natural environment include promotion and conservation of local identity and distinctive landscape character, conservation and protection of landscape quality, protection of designated areas of the countryside from inappropriate development and protection of important geological and geomorphological features.

This candidate SLA is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB and contributes significantly to the setting of Cargan and the northern glen of LCA 117. The Garron Plateau south-western ridgeline is a prominent landscape feature that is of high scenic quality and which has an undeveloped character. Cargan Rock and Craignamaddy are summits that also have an undeveloped appearance, and Cargan Rock is highly significant for the setting of Cargan. These landscape features are attractive elements in an uninterrupted skyline that is viewed when travelling along the A43 Glenravel Road, a tourist route to the east coast. Part of Dungonnell Way Trail runs through this area and walkers and other users of this trail have extensive views across parts of the Garron Plateau and the south-western ridgeline.

This area has important natural heritage assets that are recognised by international and national nature conservation designations (see Evaluation Matrix). The natural heritage assets within these designations are highly valued by nature enthusiasts and contribute to habitats that are important for breeding birds, some of which are NI Priority Species, and rare plant species. These special natural heritage sites and the wild character of the Garron Plateau rare features in a regional context. This area also contains Dungonnell Reservoir. These natural heritage features contribute significantly to the landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness of this area and are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development.

Given the landscape qualities outlined above, it has been appropriate to consider providing this area with additional policy protection. The SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan that complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas. Given the potential adverse visual impact of high structures, large-scale solar farms or minerals development, the designation of landscape policy areas with restrictive policy relating to these three types of development has been considered.

However, this area has experienced very low pressure for wind, solar and minerals development. There are variations in topography in this area and consequently parts of this candidate SLA have varying degrees of visual exposure to public receptors. The “Wind Energy in NI Landscapes Publication” states that, “Areas of lesser sensitivity occur in the south-west [of LCA 122], for example in areas of simple terrain within or close to the extensive coniferous plantation of Cleggan Forest, where recreational access is limited”. Further, this area is included within the AONB and a large part of this area is included within the Garron Plateau ASSI, Ramsar and SAC designations and the Antrim Hills SPA. With these factors in mind and given the current level of policy protection already provided for this area, it is not considered expedient or practicable to introduce landscape policy designations that would specifically seek to restrict the aforementioned types of

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development. Despite the need to protect the environmental and visual integrity of the south-western ridge and hills to the east of Cargan, it would be difficult to define a defendable boundary given the varying topography, the limited public views of some parts of this candidate SLA and the ambiguity of the guidance set out in the Wind Energy in NI publication. Therefore, for this candidate SLA, it is deemed prudent to rely on general policy within the LDP Strategy to protect the important landscape features identified through this study.

It should be noted that an extant Area of Constraint on Minerals Development (ACMD) designated within the Larne Area Plan 2010 does not extend into this candidate SLA due to the location of the now obsolete Larne Council boundary. However, due to the lack of “supply and demand� data relating to the minerals industry in NI and the fact that the majority of this area is included within numerous nature conservation designations of international and national importance, it is not considered appropriate at this time to consider extending (or reducing) the extent of this extant ACMD designation (exception: amendment at Knockdhu ASAI: see cSLA 04). However, it is considered that any minerals development in this area would have an unacceptable adverse impact on the environment and landscape of this cSLA. Landscape Designation(s) Boundary N/A

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PHOTOS

Undeveloped western ridgeline of the Garron Plateau

Undeveloped ridgeline and summits surrounding Cargan

View from Glenleslie Road: single wind turbine (east of Cargan) in an otherwise unspoilt landscape

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Garron Plateau: south-western ridge and hills east of Cargan - cSLA 10 Evaluation Matrix Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Exceptional

The Garron Plateau south-western ridgeline which is highly distinctive and prominent in the landscape.

Cargan Rock and Craignamaddy are prominent hills in this landscape.

Loughs Coastal Shorelines

Distinct

Dungonnell Reservoir and Quolie Reservoirs

Not Present

Significant River Corridors

Indistinct

Part of the Dungonnell Water flows through this cSLA.

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Unique

The Garron Plateau is the largest area of blanket bog (NI Priority Habitat) in Northern Ireland.

Nature Conservation Sites

Unique

1. Garron Plateau Ramsar - The site is designated as it is a particularly good representative example of a wetland complex including blanket bog base-rich flushes and upland lakes.

2. Garron Plateau Special Area of Conservation - The blanket bog, which covers much of the plateau, is the largest intact bog in Northern Ireland. Elsewhere locally mineral enriched flushing provides the alkaline fens priority habitat, and in hollows on the wetter more level parts of the blanket bog, the influence of mineral rich water provides the transition mires and quaking bog systems. The bog is well known for rare plant species.

3. Antrim Hills Special Protection Area - this site supports nationally important populations of hen harrier (NI Priority Species) and merlin. The site encompasses all lands within its boundaries, excluding wholly-improved pasture, arable land, buildings and associated lands. It includes coniferous plantations, blanket bog, wet and dry heath, grass moor, scrub, inland cliff and limited semi-improved agricultural grassland. The principal interests are the breeding populations of hen harrier and merlin.

4. Garron Plateau Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) – the Garron Plateau is the largest area of blanket bog (NI Priority Habitat) in Northern Ireland. The peatland complex is comprised of a series of raised and flushed peat bog units, and a number of oligotrophic (a body of water in which nutrients are in short supply) water bodies, all within the enveloping blanket bog peat mantle. The peatland supports a number of rare and notable plant and animal species, a diverse upland breeding bird population, sphagnum mosses and a wide variety of insects such as a rare ground beetle (NI Priority Species) and heath butterfly (NI Priority Species). A large breeding population of red grouse (NI Priority Species) is found on the plateau, along with a few pairs of golden plover (NI Priority Species) and dunlin (NI Priority Species). The plateau provides good hunting ground for Merlin, Peregrine Falcon, and to a lesser degree buzzard and hen harrier (NI Priority Species). Several types of upland and base poor lakes occur on the plateau.

Significant Geological sites

Exceptional

The Garron Plateau is an exceptional landscape feature where upland blanket bogs cover basalt rocks.

Nature Reserves

Not present

N/A

Woodland

Not present

Northern Ireland (NI) ranks as one of the least wooded regions in Europe with just 8% woodland cover, compared with the European average of 46%. In addition, almost 60% of our woodland is in the form of recent conifer plantations (Woodlandtrust.org.uk, last accessed 22/01/2019).

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Candidate Sensitive Landscape Woodland in the wider area is limited to Cleggan Forest which is located outside of the area considered under this cSLA.

Overall Landscape Sensitivity High: by reason of the high scenic quality and exceptional natural heritage assets present in this area.

This area is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is an area with high scenic quality. Natural heritage conservation sites of national and international importance are contained within this area, for example, the Garron Plateau ASSI, Ramsar and SAC and Antrim Hills SPA. These special natural heritage sites and the wild character of the Garron Plateau and its’ south-western ridgeline are rare features in a Northern Ireland context and contribute significantly to the landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness of this area. Other features that contribute to the high landscape quality in this area include summits of Cargan Rock and Craignamaddy and the reservoirs present in this area. All of these features are vulnerable to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded AONB

This area falls within the boundary of the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is highly valued for its scenic and perceptual qualities. Key features within this candidate Sensitive Landscape area include the wild, unspoilt and undeveloped character of the Garron Plateau and south-western ridgeline; the summits of Cargan Rock and Craignamaddy and the key natural heritage assets found in this area.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors Scenic / Tourist Route Visitor / Recreation sites Recognised walking/cycle routes Residential Areas Public Roads

Overall Visual Sensitivity

Description There are strong critical views of the Garron Plateau south-western ridgeline from Glenravel Road (A43) which is a tourist route to the Antrim coast.

There are no significant visitor or recreation sites in this area.

Dungonnell Way Trail walking route includes Skerry East Road, Cargan, Dungonnell Road and passes Dungonnell Rerservoir. From this recognised walking route there are views across the Garron Plateau, Dungonnell Reservoir and the south-western ridgeline of the Garron Plateau.

There are critical views of the Garron Plateau south-western ridgeline from Cargan and Newtowncrommelin.

The key prominent landscape features within this candidate SLA are widely visible from public roads, for example, Dungonnell Road, Skerry East Road and Glenravel Road (A43).

High: by reason of the long distance critical views of interesting landscape features in this area from critical viewpoints. For example, the Garron Plateau south-western ridgeline is exposed to long distance views from the A43 Glenravel Road which is a tourist route to the Antrim coast. There are also long distance critical views of the south-western ridgeline and Cargan Rock from public roads and the settlements of Cargan and Newtowncrommelin. Therefore, this area is highly visually sensitive to the adverse impacts of inappropriate development.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) This area has natural heritage conservation sites of national and international importance and is within the Antrim Coast and Glens AONB which is an area with high scenic quality. This candidate SLA has limited intrusive development and, generally, there has been limited degradation of the natural heritage assets and landscape features that make this area so special, for example, the natural heritage designations, the wild character of the Garron Plateau and its’ undeveloped south-western ridgeline.

The Garron Plateau south-western ridgeline and Cargan Rock frame the setting of the A43 Glenravel Road which is a tourist route to the Antrim coast. These landscape features contribute to the experience of driving along this tourist route.

The blanket bog of the Garron Plateau acts as a vital carbon store, trapping and storing atmospheric carbon as peat accumulates. The Garron Plaeau is also a significant store of water and Dungonnell Reservoir supplies drinking water to approximately 14,000 homes in the Ballymena area.

The Garron Plateau provides habitat for nationally important populations of hen harrier (NI Priority Species) and merlin and rare plant species.

Dungonnell Way Trail also passes through this candidate SLA.

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Candidate Sensitive Landscape

High: by reason of the of the high scenic quality of this area, the special natural heritage assets within national and international conservation designations, the value attached to these natural heritage assets and landscape by the community, nature enthusiasts, and visitors and the fact that there has been limited or no degradation of key landscape features and landscape character.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) The Garron Plateau is a significant store of water and supplies drinking water to approximately 14,000 homes in the Ballymena area via the Water Treatment Works at Dungonnell Reservoir which is operated

by Northern Ireland Water.

Settlement Setting

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement The Garron Plateau south-western ridge and Cargan Rock contribute significantly to the setting of Cargan.

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Candidate SLA 11 - Statement of Landscape Value

the local community, for example, Greenisland Football Club, Greenisland Bowling Club and council-run community allotments. This area also contains playing fields associated with Belfast High School.

LOCATION In this section two distinct areas are considered. Given that both these areas are located in the hinterland of Carrickfergus and are within extant plan designations (Rural Landscape Wedge) that have the same purpose (justification), it is considered appropriate to consider these areas as one candidate Sensitive Landscape Area, albeit that both areas will be assessed separately in this section of the report. Hereafter, these two distinct areas will be referred to as Carrickfergus Rural Landscape Wedge and Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge.

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There have been no applications received for wind energy development within the Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge.

Carrickfergus Rural Landscape Wedge is an area of countryside between Carrickfergus and Greenisland.

This area is located between the A2 Shore Road/Belfast Road and B90 Upper Road.

It is considered that any high structure (over 15m) in either of the two rural landscape wedges would have a significant adverse impact on the landscape character and visual amenity of the area, particularly given the importance of these areas for the setting of the Carrickfergus Escarpment (an ASQ) and the two adjacent settlements.

Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge is an area of countryside between Greenisland and Jordanstown. This area is located between the A2 Shore Road and B90 Old Carrick Road. Part of this rural landscape wedge is within the Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council area.

Ref: cSLA 11 – Name: Rural Landscape Wedges (Carrickfergus and Greenisland) LANDSCAPE/SEASCAPE CHARACTER AREAS (or part thereof) RLCA 20 Belfast Lough and Islandmagee LCA 129 Carrickfergus Shoreline EXISTING DESIGNATIONS No internationally or nationally significant natural heritage designations, significant historic environment sites or nature reserves located within either of these rural landscape wedges.

There has been one application for a single wind turbine within the Carrickfergus Rural Landscape Wedge which was refused planning permission. This application for wind development was refused, in part, because the development would, if permitted, have had an unacceptable adverse impact on the visual amenity and landscape character of the area.

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE There have been no applications received for solar development in either of the two rural landscape wedges.

SINGLE DWELLING PRESSURE From 2010, there has been no applications received for residential development within the Greenisland Rural Landscape wedge.

From 2010, and within the Carrickfergus Rural Landscape Wedge, there has been two applications for replacement dwellings (approved) and one application for the change of use from an agricultural outbuilding to a dwelling (refused). Therefore, within this rural landscape wedge there has been no applications received for residential development outside of previously developed sites.

LANDSCAPE SIGNIFICANCE

LANDSCAPE DESIGNATION(s): JUSTIFICATION

Carrickfergus Rural Landscape Wedge

Based on the Countryside Assessment, the SPPS and PPS 21 support bringing forward policies in the Local Development Plan, that complement or amplify regional policies on matters specific to the local circumstances of particular countryside areas.

In this area the agricultural fields provide a distinctive visual break between the settlements of Carrickfergus and Greenisland in an otherwise built up coastal area. As such, this open ‘green’ area is highly significant for the settings of these two distinct settlements and helps to distinguish and maintain their separate identities.

This area is visually exposed in views from Upper Road (B90), the Shore Road/Belfast Road (A2), from adjacent residential areas and from Knockagh Monument at the top of Carrickfergus Escarpment. This area is not highly distinctive in regard to landscape features, however, as well as being highly significant for the settings of Carrickfergus and Greenisland, this area makes a significant contribution to the foreground setting of Carrickfergus Escarpment and Knockagh monument, particularly when these important landscape features are viewed from the heavily trafficked A2 Shore Road/Belfast Road. The Belfast-Larne railway line also passes through this area and there are views across this part of the countryside from this public transport route.

Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge In this area formal open space and agricultural fields provide a distinctive visual break between the Jordanstown urban area and settlement of Greenisland in an otherwise built up coastal area. As such, this open ‘green’ area is highly significant for the settings of these two distinct urban areas and helps to distinguish and maintain their separate identities. This area is visually exposed in views from the Old Carrick Road (B90), from adjacent residential areas and from Knockagh Monument at the top of the Carrickfergus Escarpment.

This area has limited aesthetic quality and hedge boundaries are not well maintained, however, the fact that the landscape condition of this area is not high does not detract from the critical role this area performs as a visual break between two distinct settlements. Further, this area contains recreation areas highly valued by

The RDS 2035 highlights the use of landscape wedges in its Spatial Framework Guidance (SFG 5) which aims to protect and enhance the network of open spaces in the Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area (BMUA) which help to define a sense of place and character for urban communities.

The two rural landscape wedges considered here are important areas of the countryside that help to distinguish and maintain the separate identities of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and the Jordanstown area, thereby helping to maintain the character and sense of place of these urban areas.

The designations have been successful in resisting development pressure from development that would mar the distinction between these urban areas and the countryside, and this has prevented the merging of these urban areas, protected their setting, and maintained the rural character of the countryside in the hinterland of these settlements.

Further, the RDS states that the BMUA has a significant natural setting surrounded by hills and that it is important to recognise the significance of the protected areas of high scenic value. This attractive natural setting reinforces the BMUA’s uniqueness. When considering the natural setting of the BMUA, it should be recognised that the largely undeveloped character of the two rural landscape wedges contributes to the foreground setting of the Carrckfergus Escarpment ASQ, particularly when viewed from the A2 Shore Road (Carrickfergus wedge), the Ulster University campus (Greenisland wedge) and residential areas abutting each rural landscape wedge. It should also be recognised that any high structure (over 15m), if located in these rural landscape wedges, would have an unacceptable adverse impact on the setting of the Carrickfergus ASQ, the escarpment and Knockagh monument.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

For the reasons set out above, it is proposed to retain the extant Rural Landscape Wedges (CE 03 and CE 04) as designated in the draft Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan 2015 (BMAP).

Landscape Designation(s) Boundary Carrickfergus Rural Landscape Wedge The boundary of the proposed Carrickfergus Rural Landscape Wedge:    

aligns with Greenisland settlement development limit; aligns with Carrickfergus settlement development limit; aligns with Upper Road (B90); and aligns with the stretch of the Shore Road/Belfast Road (A2) between Carrickfergus and Greenisland.

Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge The boundary of the proposed Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge:  aligns with the council boundary as MEA has only responsibility for the part of this Rural Landscape Wedge within MEA;  aligns with the Greenisland settlement development limit.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

PHOTOS

Greenisland/Jordanstown Rural Landscape Wedge: photo from Old Carrick Road (B90)

Carrickfergus/Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge: view from Knockagh War Memorial of Greenisland

Greenisland flanked by rural landscape wedges: view from Knockagh

Carrickfergus/Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge: view from Knockagh War Memorial of Carrickfergus 82

Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

Carrickfergus/Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge: view across rural Landscape wedge to Carrickfergus Escarpment from A2 Shore Road/Belfast Road

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

Rural Landscape Wedges (Carrickfergus and Greenisland) - cSLA 11 EVALUATION MATRIX Landscape Sensitivity Feature

Topographical Features

1. Unique features / characteristics which contribute positively to landscape character, sense of place and local distinctiveness.

Exceptional / Unique / Distinct / Indistinct / Degraded / Not Present

Description

Indistinct

Gently sloping agricultural land

Loughs

Not present

Coastal Shorelines

Not present

Significant River Corridors

Not present

Peatland / Moorland / Bog

Not present

Nature Conservation Sites

Not present

Significant Geological sites

Not present

Nature Reserves

Not present

Woodland

Not present

Overall Landscape Sensitivity High: by reason of the importance of these areas for the maintaining a sense of place and local distinctiveness for Carrickfergus, Greenisland and the Jordanstown urban area and maintaining the separate identities of these urban areas. Although some development may be able to be accommodated in these areas, overall these areas are considered highly vulnerable to change from development due to their relative small size and importance as a visual break between coastal settlements.

Visual Sensitivity Scenic Quality – AONB / ASQ / Unique / Pleasant / Indistinct / Degraded Unique

These rural areas are distinctive in the context of our Borough in that these areas of the countryside provide a visual break between settlements that are located on Northern Ireland’s most settled coastal area. These Rural Landscape Wedges play a vital role in maintaining the setting and separate identities of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and the Jordanstown area. If the rural area within these landscape wedges was to be developed, the distinction between these settlements would be marred, setting a precedent for further urban sprawl which would risk the separate coastal settlements merging. This would be contrary to the SPPS.

Critical views of landscape characteristics / features that contribute to scenic quality Critical views / receptors Scenic / Tourist Route

Description There are views across the Carrickfergus Rural Landscape Wedge to the Carrickfergus Escarpment from the A2 Shore Road/Belfast Road which is part of the Causeway Coastal Route. There are also views across this green wedge from the Belfast-Larne railway line.

There are no views of the Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge from recognised tourist routes.

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Mid and East Antrim Borough Council

Visitor / Recreational sites

Candidate Sensitive Landscape Areas

There are long distance critical views of these landscape wedges from Knockagh War Memorial which is a significant landmark in our Borough. From this viewpoint, there is a strong appreciation of the role these rural areas perform in regard to providing a visual break between Carrickfergus, Greenisland and the Jordanstown urban area, and maintaining the separate identities of these settlements.

There are critical views across the Greenisland Rural Landscape wedge to the Carrickfergus Escarpment from the Ulster University campus.

Recognised walking/cycle routes

There are no recognised walking or cycling routes within these rural landscape wedges.

Residential Areas

There are critical views across parts of these rural landscape wedges from abutting residential areas, for example Gorman Close in Greenisland and from some properties within the Shore Road Area of Townscape Character, however, it is recognised that strong critical views are generally limited.

Public Roads

There are critical views across these rural landscape wedges from public roads. Critical viewpoints across these areas are found along the B90, although, views can be restricted by boundary hedges. There are also critical views across the Carrickfergus Rural Landscape Wedge from the Shore Road/Belfast Road (A2).

Overall Visual Sensitivity High: by reason of the long distance critical views of these important ‘green wedges’ from the Shore Road/Belfast Road (A2) which is on the Causeway Coastal Route, from Knockagh War Memorial which is a significant landmark within the Borough, and from residential areas within Greenisland. From these significant viewpoints, there is a strong appreciation of the role these rural landscape wedges play in maintaining the separate identities of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and the Jordanstown urban area and in framing the setting of these settlements.

Landscape Value Unique Amenity Value

Consideration: aesthetic /nature conservation / historic environment / community value / importance for interest groups / tourism / recreation / character (unspoilt / some intrusive development / mixed character / disjointed / degraded) There are no internationally and nationally important natural heritage designations located within these ‘green wedges’, although these areas do have an important role for biodiversity in an extensively urbanised coastal area.

These areas have medium-high amenity value as they make a major contribution to the setting of the aforementioned coastal settlements. These largely undeveloped areas provide an important visual break which helps to maintain the separate identities of these settlements.

Overall Landscape Value

Medium to High: by reason of the strong perceptual qualities of these largely undeveloped areas, which represent a visual break between settlements in an extensively developed coastal area. The landscape quality of these areas is not as high as in some other areas of the Borough, for example, within the AONB. Nevertheless, the landscape within these ‘green wedges’ has limited degradation and limited intrusive development and the rural character of these areas is intact. The resulting visual break makes a significant contribution to the settings of the Carrickfergus Escarpment and the coastal settlements and the undeveloped character of these areas is valued by the local community and those travelling along the A2 (Causeway Coastal Route), the Belfast-Larne railway line and by those visiting the Knockagh War Memorial.

Other Considerations Hydrology

Flood risk (no risk / river flood plain / coastal flood plain) No known flood risk.

Settlement Setting

Key landscape features / characteristics that contribute to the setting of the settlement The Carrickfergus/Greenisland Rural Landscape Wedge and the Greenisland/Jordanstown Rural Landscape Wedge play a vital role in framing the setting of the coastal settlements of Carrickfergus, Greenisland and the Jordanstown area.

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Maps

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