FLY:FARM // SUB:LIFE: Resilience to an Extreme Climate Scenario Volume 3

FLY: FARM // SUB: LIFE

RESILIENCE TO AN EXTREME CLIMATE SCENARIO

V.3

CPU S T U MAXIME

D I O DOWNE

THESIS STA

The extrapolation of future scenarios is an established method to futures (Dunne & Raby, 2013). Based on study of current energy a likely future scenario for 2045 is one where the UK climate i acting simultaneously and the start of an accelerated ice age. T adapt and evolve to this future climatic condition, using the M explore social and technological evolution towards adapted hu and above ground. The theoretical frameworks applied here (Hollings, 2001). Where emergence is the occurrence of new phases of an adapta

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ATEMENT

o study responses to potential extreme conditions and alternative y usage, temperature change and precipitation trends in the UK, is extreme with arctic and tropical seasonal weather conditions This project aims at investigating how the built environment can Manchester Corridor as its contextual setting. The response will uman existence and related building solutions both underground e are emergence (De Wolf & Holvoet, 2004) and panarchy w trends and patterns of behaviour; panarchy is the study of the able society/system.

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0.1 ATELIER INTRODUCTION CPU CPU IS AN ATELIER FOCUSED ON DATA-DRIVEN BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES INCORPORATING TRANSDISCIPLINARY TO SOLVE ISSUES POSED BY CONTEMPORARY CITIES AS COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS.

CPU researches application and development of emergent theoretical approaches aimed at new understanding and positive intervention within contemporary processes of urban transformation.

The focus in MArch Yr2 is on a critical path towards new forms of sustainable architecture using informed future scenarios, technologies and tools (developed by the students).

The 2nd year of MArch involves a steep learning curve as students learn completely new techniques, such as data mining, parametric coding and robust analytical methods. The outputs at each stage aim to develop new specialised skills (atypical for architects in practice) and use them.

This is an approach based around using existing skills acquired in previous years.

The primary theoretical framework is complexity science (which involves systems, self-organisation, emergence, artificial intelligence, resilience, adaptation, evolution).

The site this year is the Manchester Corridor – related to the CityVerve project site and current CPU funded research into IoT and Smart Cities.

Research is undertaken in three

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related parts.

New methods of ‘research’ into actual processes of urban change including traditional architectural approaches, but expanded to social science, data analytics, data extrapolation and digital simulation methods. This requires learning and development of new skills and approaches to undertake the research in a scientific manner and develop extrapolated rather than imaginary future scenarios as Memes (5.1).

New methods of ‘design research’ involving the development of unprecedented coded digital spatial

models responding to identified future conditions and responsiveness to future disrupters such as the Internet of Things, Machine Intelligence and Climate Change (5.2).

The digital and spatial testing of responsive and adaptable architectural solutions set within future scenarios and using projected technologies (5.3).

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0.2 PROJECT SUMMARY MAN’S IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT HAS DIRECT CONSEQUENCES ON OUR CLIMATE AND WE MUST PREPARE FOR A DRASTIC SCENARIO BY 2045.

There is a wave of paranoia sweeping the planet with world events being what they are today. Between the polarised division of wealth, global warming, revolutions, wars and extreme nationalism that seem to be filling our screens, one can begin to worry that the end is nigh. Man is destroying the planet and with it himself, but the technology he has created can save both.

Set in 2045, this project aims at providing a last resort solution to a changing climate where global warming has caused the Gulf Stream effect to stop and rising sea levels.

The Gulf Stream effect stopping will

accelerate an already overdue ice age in the world whereas rising sea levels will cause citizens of the coastal regions of the UK to be displaced, many of which will relocate to Manchester.

To survive this, citizens will relocate underground, harnessing the geothermal energy of the Earth and providing more urban space, and so a subterranean networked city emerges. The world above ground has become desolate and abandoned, buildings are left derelict.

The building in question is a gateway into the underground city which will

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constitute a hole in the ground and public space whilst a lightweight building hovers above it on drones containing a research station that will monitor the environment, much like a polar research station of today, as well as a vertical farm to provide food for those living underground. This vertical farm will become a beacon to those seeking refuge within the subterranean city.

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0.3 INTRODUCTION THIS IS A SCIENCE FICTION PROJECT WHICH INVOLVES A FLYING FARM AND CLIMATE RESEARCH FACILITY WITH A SUBTERRANNEAN CITY BELOW. This project is set in 2045. It is an investigation into Man’s impact on the environment and the drastic actions that need to be put in place in order to survive. Climate change being a reality and the use of greenhouse gases are increasing every year, causing irreversible damage to our environment.

Changing our behaviour in order to minimise the effects of climate change is something that the global population does not seem to want to do and so drastic actions must be taken in order to ensure our survival.

The proposal is to build a vertical subterrannean city district where geothermal temperatures are stable. Above it will be a vertical farm and climate research facility which will be elevated above ground through the use of drones. Because it is flying and not connected to the ground, it has to be self sufficient, meaning it gathers energy from hydro, wind and solar power and collects rainwater aswell as recycling greywater and blackwater.

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9

...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

Theoretical Framework

8

Bibligraphy

2

Future Conditions 2045: The Manchester Corridor

9

Appendix

3

Site Selection & Future Site Conditions

4

Developing New Site Strategy

5

General Arrangement

6

Structural & Servicing Strategy

7

Conclusion

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1.1

Why Future Scenarios are Useful

1.2

Why Future Scenarios are Useful in Design

1.3

How Thought-Experiments can Lead to Extreme Future Scenarios

2

Self-Organisation & Emergence

3

Panarchy

4

Resilience

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THE EXTRAPOLATION OF FUTURE SCENARIOS IS AN ESTABLISHED METHOD TO STUDY RESPONSES TO POTENTIAL EXTREME CONDITIONS AND ALTERNATIVE FUTURES.

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1.1.1 WHY FUTURE SCENARIOS ARE USEFUL WE ARE LIVING IN THE PRESENTCONTINUOUS WHEREAS TO UNDERSTAND WHERE WE ARE GOING, WE SHOULD BE IN THE FUTURE-PERFECT McLuhan (1967) suggests that we understand the future as something that is going to happen rather than something that is happening through an analogy of lookingat the present through a rear-view mirror. We only understand the potentialities of the future through what we already know about the past. This project aims to be a thought-experiment analysing one possible future based on a series of data extrapolations of present trends, clearly understood and disruptors which will affect these extrapolations. Science fiction writer Le Guin (1969: xi) provides some insight into the why thought-experiments are useful in general:

“The purpose of a thought-experiment, as the term was used by Schrödinger and other physicists, is not to predict the future - indeed Schrödinger’s most famous thought-experiment goes to show that the ‘future,’ on the quantum level, cannot be predicted- but to describe reality, the present world.”

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1.1.2 WHY FUTURE SCENARIOS ARE USEFUL IN DESIGN THIS IS NOT A SCENARIO OF FANTASY BUT ONE OF USEFUL SPECULATION, OF USEFUL QUESTIONING AND EXPERIMENTING. Dunne and Raby (2009) develop A/B, A Manisfesto displayed here, in which they look at how design is perceived on the one hand and how it should be on the other. For instance, science-fiction becomes social fiction and extrapolating futures becomes more about glimpsing into parallel worlds. Dunne and Raby (2013: 3) iterate it this way:

“To find inspiration for speculating through design we need to look beyond to the methodological playgrounds of cinema, literature, science, ethics, politics, and art; to explore, hybridize, borrow, and embrace the many tools available for crafting not only things but also ideas – fictional worlds, cautionary tales, what-if scenarios, thought experiments, counterfactuals, reduction as absurdum experiments, prefigurative futures, and so on.”

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[A]

[B]

AFFIRMATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING DESIGN AS PROCESS PROVIDES ANSWERS IN THE SERVICE OF INDUSTRY FOR HOW THE WORLD IS SCIENCE FICTION FUTURES FICTIONAL FUNCTIONS CHANGE THE WORLD TO SUIT US NARRATIVES OF PRODUCTION ANTI-ART RESEARCH FOR DESIGN APPLICATIONS DESIGN FOR PRODUCTION FUN CONCEPT DESIGN CONSUMER USER TRAINING MAKES US BUY INNOVATION ERGONOMICS

CRITICAL PROBLEM FINDING DESIGN AS MEDIUM ASKS QUESTIONS IN THE SERVICE OF SOCIETY FOR HOW THE WORLD COULD BE SOCIAL FICTION PARALLEL WORLDS FUNCTIONAL FICTIONS CHANGE US TO SUIT THE WORLD NARRATIVES OF CONSUMPTION APPLIED ART RESEARCH THROUGH DESIGN IMPLICATIONS DESIGN FOR DEBATE SATIRE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN CITIZEN PERSON EDUCATION MAKES US THINK PROVOCATION RHETORIC

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HOW THOUGHT-EXPERIMENTS CAN LEAD TO EXTREME FUTURES In 1975, Moebius & O’Bannon explored how an underground city might be structured, on a planet where the surface has become uninhabitable in The Long Tomorrow (1975), often considered the first true work of cyberpunk.

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1.1.3

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1.2 SELF-ORGANISATION & EMERGENCE EMERGENCE IS THE OCCURRENCE OF NEW TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOUR AND RELATES TO SELFORGANISING SYSTEMS. Tom De Wolf and Tom Holvoet (2004) explain how emergent behaviour can be observed within a system through the combined behaviour of each of the agents. Similarly to the way in which an ants produce an ant hill structure through the combined efforts of each ant. No single ant can build an ant hill, its their self-organisation in groups which causes the ant hill to emmerge.

Emergent properties cannot be studied by physically taking a system apart and looking at the parts (reductionism). Rather, each part has to be studied (aggregate behaviour) in the context of the whole system.

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Years 1951 to 2061

EMERGENCE IS THE OCCURRENCE OF NEW TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOUR

EMERGENT BEHAVIOURS

EMERGENT BEHAVIOURS

MACRO

MACRO micro

micro system of influence

system of influence disruption

community of practice

new idea

decline

community of practice

naming

new idea

disruption

decline

naming collecting

collecting

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community of practice

1.3 PANARCHY PANARCHY IS THE STUDY OF THE PHASES OF AN ADAPTABLE SOCIETY/ SYSTEM AND CAN BE USED HERE IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY SOLUTIONS. Panarchy is a way to understand adaptive systems. The ideas behind it can be better explained through the shape in the diagram on this page. It has 4 main stages within it.

example spoke about previously it would be people have accumulated the CD players and CD’s.

1. Exploitation When the populous finds something new and desirable its use of this new object grows. One example of this is the portable music players that played CD’s.

3. Release This is a rapid decline of the system; it happens when there is an external change or if a similar product is introduced to the market. (Holling, 2001). Again in the case of the music players this could be represented as digitally download-able music.

2. Conservation The system begins to store “energy” and over time the population reaches carrying capacity (Holling, 2001) and the craze stabilizes. In the

4. Reorganization Reorganization is when the members of the system are selected for their ability to survive the change that caused the release. (Holling, 2001).

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In the music example this could be a CD player that also plays digitally downloaded music.

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1.4 RESILIENCE INVESTIGATING HOLLING’S THEORY OF RESILIENCE AS A POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO EXTREME FUTURE SCENARIOS.

In urban planning, resilience was originally discussed in terms of recovering from a disturbance.

However, cities as complex adaptive systems, are in a constant flux, never reaching an equilibrium. They are constantly adjusting to cope with human needs and other external or internal change. Climate, as one of the most important drivers of our project, is changing in an unpredictable and non-linear way and it is a major external input. Walker et al. (2004) reinterpretates the resilience of socio-ecological systems that need to be considered in terms of the attributes that govern a system’s dynamics.

As humans and cities depend on nature, its very instability should be embraced and adopt a thinking about resilience that focuses on unpredictability. This can enhance urban resilience instead of focusing on avoiding disturbances and controlling the systems we live in by striving for equilibrium. In this project, the prevention of disturbances from extreme scenarios, such as extreme climate change, is not the focus. As unpredictable changes are part of all complex systems we are focusing on the adaptive capabilities of the Manchester Corridor by integrating extreme climate conditions and rising sea levels into our thinking.

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This results in the transformability of the Manchester Corridor as we are generating new scenarios that create a fundamentally new system with a structure that responds and adapts to future climate change through technological solutions.

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Meter rise in sea level

Unpredicable Future

Ecological Resilience

Characteristics 150000 of a Social Ecological System

100000

50000

0

-5000

Resilience

Adaptability

Transformability

System remains in the same basin of attraction

Adapting to new wider / deeper basins due to change in state

Capasity to create new system if current state is pushed to limit

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1

Location of the Manchester Corridor

2

Manchester Corridor & UK Future Timeline 2017-2045

3

Site Plan

4

Future Subterranean Network

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IN 2045, THE MANCHESTER CORRIDOR WILL SUFFER FROM OVERPOPULATION & THE CLIMATE WILL HAVE BECOME TOO EXTREME TO LIVE ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH. TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN VIRTUAL & AUGMENTED REALITY WILL ENHANCE CITIZEN’S EXPERIENCES JUST AS REALISTICALLY AS TRUE REALITY. GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGY WILL MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO BUILD SUPER STRUCTURES UNDERGROUND. THIS MEANS SUBTERRANEAN LIFE WILL NOT ONLY BE ACHIEVABLE BUT ALSO BEARABLE.

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2.1 LOCATION OF THE MANCHESTER CORRIDOR THE MANCHESTER CORRIDOR IS AN INNOVATIVE DISTRICT LOCATED SOUTH OF THE CITY CENTRE & WITHIN FOUR CITY WARDS. The Manchester Corridor is an area south of the city centre that spans along Oxford Road from St. Peter’s Square and Whitworth Park. The Manchester Corridor (n.d.) website describes it as an Innovative District. These are defined by Katz & Wagner (2014) as:

“geographic areas where leading-edge anchor institutions and companies cluster and connect with start-ups, business incubators, and accelerators. [...] Compact, transit-accessible, and technically-wired and offer mixed-use housing, office, and retail.”

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MANCHESTER CORRIDOR

GREATER MANCHESTER

MANCHESTER

OXFORD ROAD

ST. PETER’S SQUARE

WHITWORTH PARK

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MANCHESTER CORRIDOR & UK FUTURE TIMELINE 2017-2045

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UK Election Results (Party Colour) Technology (CPS/£750) Greater Manchester Population (millions) Manchester Energy Use (millions of mega Watts) Manchester Rainfall (mm) Manchester Temperature (°C)

2.3

Site Boundary Green Areas Car Park Mudstone Bedrock Area

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SITE PLAN The mudstone area that cuts through the site points toward where the excavation facility will be.

10m 0

20m

SCALE

1:1000

37

40m

80m 60m

100m

N

FUTURE SUBTERRANEAN NETWORK Based on repurposed indoor farming buildings and nodal points for subterranean interventions, a 3-dimensional underground network has been drawn up where the proposed building will constitute one of them.

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DEVELOPING NEW SITE STRATEGY 1

Vertical Farming for Underground Life

2

Process of Trial & Error

3.1

Compressions Space Three-Part Solution

3.2

Spatial Strategy

4

Internal Circulation Strategy

5.1

Programmatic Upgrade

5.2

The Sky Orchard

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GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF THE CORRIDOR Main body of Text.

Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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3.1 VERTICAL FARMING FOR UNDERGROUND LIFE HARNESSING THE SUN’S ENERGY TO GROW FOOD WHILST PEOPLE LIVE UNDERGROUND

Farming has been added to the programme as it is difficult to grow food underground so there will have to be an above ground element to cater for the needs of the inhabitants of subterranean Manchester.

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Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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A

3 TYPES OF SPACE

The first attempt at dealing with indoor vertical farming, climate research (space A & object B) and subterrannean carved space C was a solution that connected the three types of spaces via a vertical core and pods.

More available information in Appendix

A

B

B

A

5.2 OVERGROUND STRATEGY

In 5.2, I attempted to connect two different types of space from space A to space A and object B working together. However, this was only an overground strategy and an underground element had to come into it.

More available information in Appendix

C

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PROCESS OF TRIAL & ERROR THE CAVE & THE FARM

THE TREE BRANCHES

This solution presented the farm as a vertical tower space with a large cave underground for living areas, connected via a core but also introducing a visual connection between spaces A and B. More available information in Appendix

This time, the underground carved space B grows like tree branches into space A which is the research facility and becomes a farm as it rises to become its own object C, providing visual and physical connections.

More available information in Appendix

C A

A

B

B

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COMPRESSION SPACE THREE-PART SOLUTION There are three elements to this design. The object is the flying element that will house the programme of farming and climate research. The carved space underground which will house residential and commercial city needs. These two elements sandwich an in-between space which is in compression and so different solutions were iterated to make it less claustrophobic whilst maintaining its protection from the environment by the object above.

The reason the farm is projected into the air is so that it can get closer to the sun and be able to follow its sun path for the crops to be maximised whilst sheltering the public space and entrance into the underground city below.

OBJECT

Key 1 Key 1

SPACE Key 1

A

A

C

COMPRESSION

ENCLOSURE

B

B

Key 1 Key 1

CARVED Key 1 SPACE Key 1 Key 1

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C

A

A

OPENNESS

HYBRID

B

B

C

C

TRANSPARENCY

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FILTER

1.

SIMPLE BOX TO SERVE FARMING & RESEARCH PROGRAMME

5.

CAP THE UNDERNEATH TO SERVE ENERGY & WATER RECYLING PLANT

There are 8 main design moves that form the most abstracted version of the spatial strategy that was utilised to conceptualise the built project.

SPATIAL STRATEGY 50

2.

ROUND OFF BOX TO LIGHTEN EXTREME FUTURE SNOW & WIND LOAD

3.

6.

DRONE PLATFORM UNDERNEATH TO CARRY ON SMOOTH SHAPE

7.

PIERCE THE SHAPE FOR LIGHT PENETRATION & RAINWATER COLLECTION

DRONE PROPERLLERS TO GROW OUT OF PLAFORM ORGANICALLY

4.

THE RESULT IS A ROUND RING SHAPE

8.

SUNKEN SPACE BENEATH TO HOUSE DRONE LANDING & SUBTERRANNEAN CITY BELOW

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Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

INTERNAL CIRCULATION Key 1 STRATEGY Key 1

Key 1

Circulation spiral around the featured water collection Keyramps 1 lightwell at the heart of the building where the farm and programmatic Key 1 floors can be accessed.

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INTERNAL CIRCULATION STRATEGY Underground, ramps spiral around the featured skylight which is the main source of natural light.

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3.7 PROGRAMMATIC UPGRADE SET IN 2045, THIS PROJECT WILL ADDRESS THE ISSUES OF SUPPORTING THE UNDERGROUND CITY THROUGH FARMING & CLIMATE RESEARCH. Fillinf the form derived form the spatial strategy with the programme developed throughout 5.2 and 5.3 with a simple programmatic diagram where user space is on the underside of the rounded ring shape in order to avoid being subjected to glare and direct sunlight.

The top of the farms get lots of direct sunlight for crops to thrive whilst there is a floor of farm on the underside of the rounded ring for crops that need less sunlight.

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FARM ON BOARD ACCOMODATION & AMENITIES CLIMATE RESEARCH FACILITY FARMING LABORATORY PLANT & GENERAL SERVICES POWER & WATER RECYLING PLANT

ENGINES & DRONE PLATFORM

PUBLIC SHELTERED SPACE & ENTRANCE TO SUBTERRANNEAN CITY

UNDERGROUND RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL CITY

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Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

THE SKY ORCHARD Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 The sky Key orchard 1 is on the middle floor of the ring section of the building with the largest window span and boasting triple height spaces Key 1 at the extremities.

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GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF THE CORRIDOR Main body of Text.

Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 1

Floor Plans

2

Site Section

3

Elevations

63

GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF THE CORRIDOR Main body of Text.

Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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FLOOR PLANS See appedix for original scale drawings 1:250@A1 Overground Tenth Floor Plan (1:500@A3) “The Orchard”

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5m 0

20m 10m

SCALE

1:500 67

40m 30m

50m

N

FLOOR PLANS See appedix for original scale drawings 1:250@A1 Overground Eighth Floor Plan (1:500@A3) “On-board Accomodation”

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5m 0

20m 10m

SCALE

1:500 69

40m 30m

50m

N

GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF THE CORRIDOR Main body of Text.

Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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FLOOR PLANS See appedix for original scale drawings 1:250@A1 Ground Floor Plan (1:500@A3) “The Gateway”

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5m 0

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ELEVATIONS See appedix for original scale drawings 1:100@A0 North West Elevation (1:750@A3)

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STRUCTURAL & SERVICING STRATEGY 1.1

Structural Strategy: Overground

5

Detail Section

1.2

Structural Strategy: Underground

6

Maintenance Access Platform

2

Construction & Take Off

7.1

Drone Access

3

Facade Build-Up

7.2

Drone Docking Access Platform

4.1

Rainwater Collection & Hydropower

4.2

Wind Energy

4.3

Solar Power

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STRUCTURAL STRATEGY: OVERGROUND The main structure for the flying farm and climate research facility is a layered graphene nanotube space frame supported by graphene coated steel columns which connect it to the helicarrier drone platform allowing it to lift off the ground.

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GRAPHENE COATED & INSULATED TRI-CHORD STEEL EXTERNAL BRACING ELEMENTS AEROGEL DOUBLE SKIN FACADE & CHROME PLATED CARBON FIBRE AEROGEL INSULATED PANEL LAYERED GRAPHENE NANOTUBE EXTERNAL RING SPACE FRAME FILLED WITH HELIUM LAYERED GRAPHENE NANOTUBE INTERNAL BEAMS & COLUMNS CONNECTED TO FRAME CHROME PLATED CARBON FIBRE AEROGEL INSULATED PANELS GRAPHENE COATED STEEL SUPPORTING COLUMNS

GRAPHENE NANOTUBE CORES BRACED TOGETHER BY BRIDGE

CHROME PLATED AIRCRAFT GRADE ALUMINIUM & GRAPHENE NANOTUBE HELICARRIER DRONE

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5.1.2 STRUCTURAL STRATEGY: UNDERGROUND THE UNDERGROUND SECTION OF THE SCHEME IS SUPPORTED BY 103 GRAPHENE-OXYDE COMPOSITE ARCHES OF NINE DIFFERENT SIZES. The main underground structure is supported by an 8x8m radial grid of columns which grow into 103 arches at the top to support the walk on roof and lightwell.

As opposed to the overground structure, this is a heavyweight structure consisting of thick graphene-oxyde composite walls, supplying hefty amounts of thermal mass and heavily insulated.

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Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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CONSTRUCTION & TAKE OFF The flying building is built on top of the underground arches and can then take off. The underground structure allows for the building to land and take off at will as shown.

LANDING POSITION 100

FLYING POSITION 101

5.2 FACADE BUILD-UP DOUBLE SKIN FACADE FACILITATED BY STRUCTURAL TRUSS RING FRAME WITH 2M CAVITY.

The top part of the building will be a double skin facade with helium in the cavity, which is 2m and will be able to lift 26 tonnes so roughly 10% of the building’s weight.

The bottom part of the building is chrome clad with double skin windows for user spaces to avoid glare and excessive direct sunlight and solar gains.

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GRAPHENE NANOTUBE TRUSS RING FRAME FILLED WITH HELIUM

DOUBLE SKIN AEROGEL FACADE ENCLOSING TRUSS RING FRAME CAVITY LACED WITH QUANTUM DOT SOLAR CELLS GRAPHENE COATED TRI-CHORD STEEL EXTERNAL BRACING CHROME PLATED AEROGEL INSULATED CARBON FIBRE PANELS LACED WITH QUANTUM DOT SOLAR CELLS

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RAINWATER COLLECTION Key 1 & HYDROPOWER Key 1

Key 1

The building Key 1collects rainwater in its centre and can produces energy by running it down the building to the energy plant below, as Keywell 1 as running wastewater down to the bottom of the drone to be collected as turbines are placed all along the water pipe.

Therefore, energy can be stored by holding water Key 1 at the top of the building in case there is an emergency energy surge inKey the building.

1 Key 1

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Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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WIND ENERGY There are 6 35m diameter wind turbines connected to the helicarrier drone platform and to the adjoining power plant which will pick up on heavy natural winds as well as the wind generated by the massive drone propellers and so will always by producing energy at maximum efficiency.

Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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5.3.3 SOLAR POWER QUANTUM DOT SOLAR CELLS ARE EMBEDDED WITHIN ALL THE CLADDING AND GLAZING PANELS OF THE FACADE AS SHOWN IN THE DIAGRAM. Another renewable energy method to power this massive drone building as it has to be self sufficient is solar power because even if the future scenario is a cold one, solar radiation will actually be stronger because of holes within the O-zone layer. Quantum dot solar cells convert solar radiation into direct current electricity using semi-conductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. The semi-conductors, which make up a cell, are commonly made of silicon; and when light hits the cell, a certain portion of that light is absorbed by the material of the semi-conductor, and then transferred to the semicondutor. This effect refers to photons of light exciting electrons onto a higher state of energy, acting as charge carriers for an electrical current. The cells also have one or more electric fields that force electrons, freed by light absorption, to flow in a certain direction, which is know as a current. Furthermore, by placing metal contacts at the bottom of the cell the current can then be drawn off for external use.

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NEGATIVE ELECTRODE

ENERGY

- +

N DOPED SILICON

- +

+ -

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+

BOUNDARY LAYER P COPED LAYER POSITIVE ELECTRODE

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DETAIL SECTION

RAINWATER COLLECTION & TURBINES

ENERGY AND WATER RECYCLING

DRONE PROPELLER ENGINE ROOM

WIND TURBINES

DRONE PRODUCE & WASTE COLLECTION

1:50@A0 zoom (1:150@A3) 1:250@A0 full section (1:750@A3)

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SKY FARM ON-BOARD ACCOMODATION CLIMATE RESEARCH FACILITY FARM LABORATORIES

DRONE ACCESS DOCKS

MAINTENANCE ACCESS PLATFORM

ACCESS INTO UNDERGROUND CITY & PUBLIC SPACE UNDERGROUND RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL UNITS

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MAINTENANCE ACCESS PLATFORM Main body of Text.

Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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Main body of Text.

Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

DRONE ACCESS Key 1 Key 1 Key 1

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DRONE DOCKING ACCESS DETAIL The overground building is accessed mainly through drone access points all along the vertical cores as they travel to the base of the building as shown in the previous 1:50 section.

1:20@A0 (1:60@A3)

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6 CONCLUSION THIS IS A SCIENCE FICTION PROJECT BUT THE IDEA CAN BE APPLIED ON A GLOBAL SCALE IN THE NEAR FUTURE WHERE POPULATIONS NEED FOOD. Although the setting of this project is within a future scenario set in 2045 where the surface of the Earth has become uninhabitable and therefore people move underground in order to survive, the idea of the flying farm can be applied in a more pragmatic sense. Indeed, future technologies are progressing rapidly and this sort of project may be possible sooner than one might think. How can it be useful beyond the context of this scenario though? There are parts of the world that need food and crops in case of emergencies as the Earth’s climate becomes more and more unreliable. This can be a rapidly deployable farm that can travel to the area of need by its very existence and could be completely selfsufficient.

Therefore, although the future looks fairly bleak in this scenario, the flying farm could actually give us a brighter future.

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7.1 Araújo, A.L. and Rozegar, A. (2015) Man Plus. 21st July. Man Plus Comic.

[Online] [Accessed on 28th March 2016] http://manpluscomic.com/ post/124666693227 BBC (n. d.) The Gulf Stream.

BBC. [Online] [Accessed on 15th November 2016] http://www.bbc. co.uk/ climate/impact/gulf_stream. shtml BBC. (2010) Wild Weather: ‘Manchester’s rainy days getting wetter’. [Online] [Accessed 8th December 2016] http://news. bbc.co.uk/local/manchester/ hi/people_and_places/nature/ newsid_8997000/8997816.stm Bostrom, N. (2003) ‘Human Genetic Enhancements: A Transhumanist Perspective.’ Journal of Value Inquiry, 37, April, pp. 493-506.

Bostrom, N. (2014) Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Clark, D. (2013) What are the potential impacts of climate change for the UK? [Online] [Accessed on 12th November 2016] http://www.theguardian.com/ environment/2013/oct/08/ potential-impacts-climate-change-uk Cook, J. (2010) Are we heading into a new ice age. [Online] [Accessed on 25th November 2016] https://

TEXT REFERENCES www.skepticalscience.com/headinginto-new-little-ice-age-intermediate.htm

Within Ecological Constraints. The National Academy of Sciences.

Wolf, T. D., & Holvoet, T. (2004). Emergence and SelfOrganisation: a statement of similarities and differences.

Proceedings of the International Workshop on Engineering Self- Organising Applications (pp. 96-110). New York: KULeuven. Retrieved from http:// atransdisciplinaryapproach.com/ wp-content/ uploads/2014/02/dewolf-emergence.pdf

Hollings, C. S. (1996) Engineering vs Ecological Resilience, Hollings, 1996.

Dunne, A. and Raby, F. (2009) A/B, A Manifesto. Dunne & Raby. [Online] [Accessed on 28th March 2016] http://www.dunneandraby. co.uk/content/projects/476/0 Dunne, A. and Raby, F. (2013) Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction and Social Dreaming, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Ellis, W. (2012) How To See The Future. 7th September. Warren Ellis.

[Online] [Accessed on 30th March 2016] http://www. warrenellis.com/?p=14314 Geoscience News And Information (2016) Global Sea Level Rise Map. [Online] [Accessed on 8th December] http://geology.com/sea-level-rise/ Hollings, C. S. (1996) Engineering

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Le Guin, U.K. (1969, reprinted 1999) ‘Introduction’, in Le Guin, U.K. The Left Hand of Darkness, New York: Ace Books, pp. xi-xvi.

McLuhan, M. and Fiore, Q. (1967) The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects, New York: Bantam Books.

Met Office (2016) Climate: observations, projections and impacts [Online] [Accessed on 15th October 2016] http://www.metof ce.gov. uk/climate-guide/science/uk/obsprojections-impacts Met Office (2016) Climate: observations, projections and impacts. Met Office. [Online] [Accessed on 15th October 2016] http://www.metof ce.gov.uk/climateguide/science/uk/obs- projectionsimpacts Met Office (2016) Manchester. Met Office. [Online] [Accessed on 15th October 2016] http://www.metof ce.gov. uk/public/weather/forecast/ gcw2hzs1u O’Bannon, D. and Moebius (1975) The Long Tomorrow, Los Angeles:

Humanoids, Inc. Pan, A. Z., Li, B. H., Ling, C. Q., Korayem, A. H., Li, G., Zhu, J. W., Collins, F., Li, D., Duan, W. H. and Wang, M. C. (2015) ‘Mechanical properties and microstructure of a graphene-oxide–cement composite’, pp. 140-147.

Walker, B. et al. (2004) Resilience, Adaptability and Transfromability in Social Ecological Systems. Ecology and Society 9(2):5.

Williams, J. (2015) Manchester heading for population boom over next decade, Manchester Evening News [online] [accessed on 11th December 2016] http://www. manchestereveningnews.co.uk/ news/greater-manchester-news/ manchester-heading-population-boomover-9528861

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7.2 1.1.1 MAN PLUS Araújo, A.L. and Rozegar, A. (2015) Man Plus. 21st July. Man Plus Comic.

[Online] [Accessed on 28th March 2016] http://manpluscomic.com/ post/124666693227 1.1.3 THE LONG TOMORROW O’Bannon, D. and Moebius (1975) The Long Tomorrow, Los Angeles: Humanoids, Inc.

VISUAL REFERENCES Edited by the author 2.4.2 FACEBOOK VR Tube Filter. (2016) Facebook and VR. [ONLINE] Available at: http:// www.tubefilter.com/2016/02/22/ facebook-says-users-have-watched1-million-hours-of-virtual-realityvideosforms-social-vr-team/ [Accessed 11December 2016] Edited by the author

2.1.2 AERIAL PHOTO OF UoM http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ study/undergraduate/parentssupporters/visits/ Edited by the author 2.2.1 MANCHESTER FLOODING Youtube. (2015) Salford Manchester Flooding Boxing Day 2015 Lowry Hotel. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=6_yrDNWTVJU. [Accessed 11 December 2016] Edited by the author 2.3.1 DISPLACEMENT Evaq8. (2015) UK Flooding.

[ONLINE] Available at: http:// evaq8.co.uk/Flooding-Preparedness. html. [Accessed 11 December 2016] Edited by the author 2.3.2 MEXICO CITY Vanilla Magazine. (2013) Mexico City. [ONLINE] Available at: http:// www.vanillamagazine.it/le-fotografieaeree-delle-piu-belle-citta-del-mondo/.

[Accessed 11 December 2016]

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8 128

APPENDIX

1

Precedent Studies

2

Previous Iterations

3

Indicative Early Floor Plans

4

Original Size Line Drawings

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8.1 130

PRECEDENT STUDIES

1.1

World Food Building Linkรถping, Sweden

1.2

World Food Building Ecosystem

1.3

World Food Building Build Up

1.4

World Food Building Vertical Farming Process

2.1

Sky Greens Singapore

2.2

Sky Greens Vertical Farm Tower

3.1

Polar Research Centre Antarctica

3.2

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Polar Research Centre Build Up

8.1.1.1 WORLD FOOD BUILDING LINKÖPING, SWEDEN PLANTAGON & SWECO HAVE DEVELOPED A GREENHOUSE/OFFICE BUILDING WHICH UTILISES VERTICAL FARMING TECHNOLOGY. In Linköping, Sweden February 9, 2012 the first Plantagon Greenhouse broke ground. A new type of greenhouse for vertical farming; an international Centre of Excellence for Urban Agriculture; a demo-plant for Swedish clean-tech and a climate-smart way to use excess heating and CO2 from industries. The potential is tremendous and ambitions high for the new greenhouse being built in Linköping, Sweden, near the regional energy company, Tekniska Verken. Not least, it will be a new landmark for the people in Linköping to enjoy.

The World Food Building was developed by Plantagon and Sweco. It is designed for vertical agriculture of vegetables in urban areas. In cooperation with several partners, Plantagon plans to develop integrated solutions for energy, excess heat, waste, CO2 and water. It is a profitable, “super green” real estate and urban farming solution which combines the best indoor climate for people and plants. It technological solutions save 3.6 million km of transportation, 1000 tons of CO2 emissions, 50 million litres of water, 60 thousand square metres of land every year. It produces100% clean food, free of pesticides or other pollutants using fewer resources than any other solution on the planet. It is scalable, efficient and fresh.

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WORLD FOOD BUILDING ECOSYSTEM

Stack ventilation

The building aims to turn three waste products (CO2, excess heat and plant residuals) into tradeable goods, making environmental work profitable. The CO2 from users working in the offices is introduced into the farm side of the building and oxygen from there is introduced into the office.

OXYGE

C

AR

PLANT RESIDUALS

NUTRIENTS

BIOGAS

CARBON DIOXIDE

ORGANIC WASTE

EXCESS HEAT

BIOGAS FACILITY

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Heat stored in boreholes for the office in Winter

BO N

D

Vertical Core Horizontal Circulation Seeding Room

PLANTS

Distribution Point

PLANTS

EN

DI O

Offices

Sunlight for vegetation growth

Germination Chambers

PLANTS

Plant Vertical Production Line

PLANTS PLANTS PLANTS

E

XI D

PLANTS PLANTS PLANTS PLANTS PLANTS PLANTS

Double skin faรงade allows the control of airflow and heat in economically and environmentally viable way.

PLANTS

WASTE

PLANTS PLANTS

EXCESS HEAT

DISTRICT HEATING

POWER PLANT

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WORLD FOOD BUILDING BUILD UP Studying the structure and organisation of services within this building in order to shed light on how a vertical farm is structured. The double skin faรงade allows the control of airflow and heat in economically and environmentally viable way.

External Skin

Structure

South Side: Double Skin Facade (Vertical Farm) North Side: Double Glazed Facade (Offices)

Steel Frame

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Organisation

South Side: Vertical Production Line for Farm North Side: Office Layout North Side

Services

Water, Heat, Mechanical & Electrical to Vertical Farm and Offices Excess Heat from Nearby Biogas Facility Stored in Boreholes

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WORLD FOOD BUILDING VERTICAL FARMING PROCESS 1 Seeding

3 U-Pot

The law of the seed: everything is designed to optimise conditions for the plant. Seeds are grown in trays covered by small cells filled with pumice.

1

After germination, the young plant is moved to a larger expandable growing pot called “U-Pot�.

The U-Pot allows the plant to have more space as it grows by expanding in two directions.

2

3

2 Germination

4 Vertical Food

The seeds are moved to a germination chamber in order to give them an optimum start in life.

Production Line

The plants are transported to the 16th floor where they are placed on the vertical food production line that will see them grow as they descend to the lower levels of the building, with more or less daylight received.

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4

5 Irrigation

7 Delivery

The cultivating track is filled with 2 cm of water. Excess water is drained away. Water not absorbed by the plants is then filtered and re-used on the first floor.

5

Excess food is delivered to local markets and consumers.

6

7

6 Cultivation

8 Retail/Restauration

The individual plants are removed from their U-Pot, the pumice is sterilised and recycled for new crops. Pumice can be used and re-used for up to seven years.

Local organic growers are invited to sell their produce at the planter store along with the vertical farm produce. An urban farming skybar is located on the top floor with a restaurant where locals and people working in the building can enjoy freshly picked and cooked food.

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8

8.1.2.1 SKY GREENS SINGAPORE SKY GREENS’ VERTICAL FARMING SYSTEM IS THE WORLD’S FIRST LOW CARBON HYDRAULIC COMMERCIAL FARMING SYSTEM. In Singapore, Jack NG has invented a system which increases the supply of locally grown vegetables for less water, land and electricity. It is an urban area system which has been patented the Sky Greens’ vertical farming system. It consists of rotating tiers of growing troughs mounted on an A-shape aluminium frame. The frame can be as high as nine metres tall with 38 tiers of growing troughs, which can accommodate the different growing media of soil or hydroponics. The troughs rotate around the aluminium frame to ensure that the plants receive uniform sunlight, irrigation and nutrients as they pass through different points in the structure.

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8.1.2.2 SKY GREENS VERTICAL FARM TOWER A 6 SQUARE METRE, 9 METRE HIGH TOWER PRODUCES THE SAME YIELD AS 72 SQUARE METRES OF TRADITIONAL FARMLAND. High yield: When compare with traditional monolayer farms, the Sky Greens patented vertical farming system intensifies land use and can result in at least 10 times more yield per unit land area.

High quality: The structures are housed in a controlled environment which enables stringent control of input materials to bring about food supply, food safety, food security and food quality assurances.

High flexibility: Made of aluminium and steel, the modular structures are robust and yet highly customisable and scalable. Structures can be tailor-

made to suit different crops, growing media and natural conditions, even allowing cultivation on originally nonarable lands.

Low energy use: With the harnessing of natural sunlight, there is no need for artificial lighting. Rotation is powered by a unique patented hydraulic water-driven system which utilises the momentum of flowing water and gravity to rotate the troughs. Only 40W electricity (equivalent to one light bulb) is needed to power one 9m tall tower.

Low water use: With the plants irrigated and fertilised using a

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flooding method, there is no need for a sprinkler system thereby eliminating electricity wastage, as well as water wastage due to run-offs. Only 0.5 litres of water is required to rotate the 1.7 ton vertical structure. The water is contained in a enclosed underground reservoir system and is recycled and reused.

Low maintenance: Being housed in a protected environment ensures that the system can be relatively maintenancefree and have low manpower dependency. The rotating troughs and intensified plant to plot ratio also mean high manpower efficiency.

Racks rotate 3 times to get 2 hours total sunlight each day.

1

Rainwater and recycled water is collected in overhead tank.

K

TAN WATER

2

Water is directed into the water pulley system which is used to rotate the racks in the tower.

WATER PULLEY MODULE

3

Water pulley system taps on flowing water and gravity to rotate the racks.

4

The water is then recycled to provide power to the generator.

GENE

RATO

Micro-sprinklers water plants 3 times each day as rack rotates.

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R

Back-up electric power kicks in on drier days when water flow decreases due to heat and rapid evaporation.

5

Water is redirected in reservoir using a pump, powered by the generator.

WATER PUMP

8.1.3.1 POLAR RESEARCH STATION ANTARCTICA AN INDIAN POLAR RESEARCH STATION IN THE ANTARCTIC HAS TO WITHSTAND SOME OF THE MOST EXTREME CONDITIONS ON EARTH. Designed by Hamburg-based architects, bof Architekten, the research station Bharati is on the Antarctic coast, having been transported from Germany via South Africa by ship as a series of prefabricated modules. It weighs around 1000 tonnes and comprises 134 prefabricated modules which were transported by ship to the site in the Larsemann Hills on the northern edge of the Antarctic.

Bharati is India’s third research base in Antarctica. It is a two-storey structure, raised on stilts and is designed to have a life span of 25 years, as well as to minimise any impact on the environment. It uses combined heat and power from renewable sources for heating, low sulphur fossil fuel, efficient treatment of effluent, and all hazardous and sanitary waste are transported back to the mainland for disposal.

By incorporating a high level of glazing into the station’s design, the 25 staff working there have a magnificent view of their polar location and which counters their sense of confinement.

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POLAR RESEARCH CENTRE BUILD UP Studying the build up of a building which can withstand a climate as extreme as the Antarctic one will give an indication as to how to proceed with a building in a future Manchester in the event of a mini ice age accelerated by Global Warming.

External Skin

The station’s aluminium façade will be subjected to the severe climatic conditions of the South Pole, which include abnormally high thermal and mechanical loads caused by blizzards, huge quantities of snow, high wind speeds and temperatures of -40° and below.

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Struc

The main structure is made from 134 p were transported by ship from Antwerp to modules that make up the construction cam journey by sea to the site in the Larsemann

cture

prefabricated shipping containers which Cape Town. In South Africa, a further 50 mp were taken on board for the 5,200km Hills on the northern edge of the Antarctic.

Glazing

A large proportion of the building’s façade has been glazed using Wicona’s specially adapted WICTEC 50 curtain walling system. This features triple glazing, highly insulated panels, an incline of up to 15° at the two narrow ends, and will achieve a U value of 0.8 W/m2K. The system also had to allow for the assembly and disassembly of the façade for testing purposes in Germany before the final installation in the Antarctic.

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8.1.4.1 HALLEY VI ANTARCTIC RESEARCH STATION HALLEY VI STATION DESIGNED BY HUGH BROUGHTON ARCHITECTS IS FORMED OF MODULAR SECTIONS WHICH CAN BE MOVED SEASONALLY. Halley is the most southerly science research station operated by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and is located on the 150-metre thick floating Brunt Ice Shelf, which moves 400 metres per annum towards the sea. Snow levels rise by 1 metre every year, and the sun does not rise for 105 days during winter. Temperatures drop to -56˚C and winds blow in excess of 160 kph. Access by ship and plane is limited to a 3-month summer window. A research station has been occupied continuously at Halley since 1957 and in 1985 scientists working there first observed the hole in the ozone layer. Halley V was completed in 1992. Its occupation became precarious, having flowed too far from the mainland to a position at risk of calving as an iceberg. As the station’s legs were fixed in the ice it could not be moved and so in 2004, BAS and the RIBA, organised an international competition to select designers for a new station.

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HALLEY VI FLOOR PLAN ANALYSIS

03

02

01 Module B2

Sleeping module

Module B1

Sleeping module

Module C

Command module

150

Module A

Robert Falcon Scott Living module

G

Climatic buffer zones Circulation

Module E1

Generators & Plant module

External Bridge Service Link

Module E2

Generators & Plant module

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Module H1

Science module

Module H2

Science module

8.1.4.3 HALLEY VI HYDRAULIC STILTS & CLIMATIC BUFFERS

The station is arranged in a straight line perpendicular to the prevailing wind so that snow drifts form on the leeward side.

This leaves the windward side free from drifts, reducing snow management requirements and creating a hard icy surface across which vehicles can easily move. The base is split in two for life safety. Each half has its own energy centre and is self sustaining in case of emergency. A bridge link allows sharing of power, drainage and water. The modules are supported on giant steel skis and hydraulically driven legs that allow the station to mechanically ‘climb’ up out of the snow every year. And as the ice shelf moves out towards the ocean, the modules can be lowered and towed by bulldozers further inland, and eventually taken apart when the time comes.

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HYDRAULIC STILTS HYDRAULIC STILTS

CLIMATIC BUFFER

153

HYDRAULIC STILTS

BUFFER

ADJUSTABLE

RELOCATION BULLDO ZERS

HALLEY VI BUILD UP The modules are constructed with a robust steel structure and clad in highly insulated composite glass reinforced plastic panels. Prefabrication of structure, cladding, rooms and services was maximised within the limitations of the sea ice.

Products were sourced from all over the world with the centre of pre-construction activities in South Africa, where full scale trial erection of modules was undertaken prior to shipping to Antarctica by ice-strengthened cargo ship. The modules were erected over three 12-week summer seasons using a factory line approach at Halley V, which was used to support the construction crew. Once they were fully clad, the modules were moved 15 kms inland to the Halley VI site, proving the relocation strategy. Fit out was completed in the final season and the station opened in February 2013.

Structure

Steel Frame on hydraulic stilts.

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Glazing

High performance triple glazing system.

External Skin

Highly insulated glass reinforced plastic panels..

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8.1.4.5 HALLEY VI PSEUDOCODE THE DESIGN OF THE PODS IS MODULOR AS THEY CAN DETACH AND BE MOVED WHEN THEY ARE CALVING OFF AS WELL AS BE LIFTED BY HYDRAULIC STILTS. The pseudocode for this project would codify the adaptive capabilities of the project. Indeed, the previous Halley V station was attached to the ice and calved off as an iceberg which spurred the requirement for a new research station which would be able to move. When the snow level is higher than the pod level, the stilts are on a hydraulic system which allows them to extend as required. When the snow level gets too high for how much the stilts can extend by or if the pods begin to calve off as an iceberg, they can be detached from one another, moved and rearrange in a new location.

Because of this, this research station will have a longer lifespan than the previous ones.

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START Input site location and snow level START DEFINE False

baselayer

Snow level too high?

DEFINE INPUT

True

layer 1 IF

THEN ELSE

Regulate level of pods with hydraulic stilts

layer 2

False

ELSE

Pods calving off as an iceberg?

True Input new site location and snow levels

False

Snow level too high?

IF THEN

True

157

site location longitude,latitude snow level mm above ground site location snow level snow level higher than pod level REGULATE pod level with hydraulics INPUT site location snow level pods calving off as an iceberg INPUT new site location new snow level REGULATE pod level with hydraulics

8.2 158

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1

3 Types of Space

2

The Cave & The Farm

3

The Tree Branches

4

Layered & Rotated Boxes

159

3 TYPES OF SPACE

160

161

THE CAVE & THE FARM

LAYERING INTERNAL WALLS

CIRCULATION WITHIN VERTICALLY LAYERED FARM

CIRCULATION WITHIN CAVE

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPACES

VERTICAL MASTERPLAN

162

CURVE IS COPIED, ROTATED AND SCALED

REPEAT PROCESS

HIGH DENSITY OPEN VERTICAL SPACE

LOW DENSITY POCKET SPACES

PUBLIC

1 CURVE LAYER

PRIVATE SEMI-PUBLIC

MEDIUM DENSITY POCKET SPACES

IN 3-DIMENSIONS

SPATIAL STRATEGY - LAYERED CURVES

CIRCULATION STRATEGY

163

THE CAVE & THE FARM

164

165

THE TREE BRANCHES

166

167

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3.

4.

5.

STEPS & SEATING FOR PUBLIC SPACE & ACCESS

FLOATING PLATFORM CREATING COMPRESSION WITHIN SUNKEN SPACE

HELICARRIER DRONE PROPELLERS FOR UPWARD FORCE

LAYERED & ROTATED 1.

2.

BOXES SUNKEN SPACE

SUNKEN SPACE

UNDERGROUND CITY ACCESS

6.

UNDERGROUND CITY ACCESS

7.

STEPS & SEATING FOR PUBLIC SPACE & ACCESS

8.

FLOATING PLATFORM CREATING COMPRESSION WITHIN SUNKEN SPACE

9.

HELICARRIER DRONE PROPELLERS FOR UPWARD FORCE

6.

7.

8.

9.

SIMPLE 15x25 METRE BOX TO CREATE SPACE

ROTATE, EXTEND & LIFT BOX BY 1 METRE

REPEAT PROCESS (x32)

USE SPACE WITHIN BOXES AS PROGRAMMATIC & IN BETWEEN THEM FOR FARMING SO THAT BOXES BELOW CAN ALSO CONTAIN SOIL & NUTRIENTS

SIMPLE 15x25 METRE BOX TO CREATE SPACE

ROTATE, EXTEND & LIFT BOX BY 1 METRE

REPEAT PROCESS (x32)

USE SPACE WITHIN BOXES AS PROGRAMMATIC & IN BETWEEN THEM FOR FARMING SO THAT BOXES BELOW CAN ALSO CONTAIN SOIL & NUTRIENTS

168

169

8.3 170

INDICATIVE INTIAL FLOOR PLANS 1

Ground Floor

9

Overground Level 7 Floor

2

First Floor

10

Overground Level 8 Floor

3

Underground Level 1 Floor

11

Overground Level 9 Floor

4

Underground Level 2 Floor

12

Overground Level 10 Floor

5

Overground Level 1 Floor

13

Overground Level 11 Floor

6

Overground Level 2 Floor

14

Overground Level 12 Floor

7

Overground Level 3 Floor

15

Overground Level 13 Floor

8

Overground Level 6 Floor

171

GROUND FLOOR Sunken Space in Compression 1:500

172

FIRST FLOOR Defended space 1:500

173

UNDERGROUND 1 FLOOR Entrance 1:500

174

UNDERGROUND 2 FLOOR Underground City 1:500

175

OVERGROUND 1 FLOOR Food storage 1:500

176

OVERGROUND 2 FLOOR Boarding platform 1:500

177

OVERGROUND 3 FLOOR Recycling, energy and plant 1:500

178

OVERGROUND 6 FLOOR Farming laboratories 1:500

179

OVERGROUND 7 FLOOR Climate research facility 1:500

180

OVERGROUND 8 FLOOR On board accomodation 1:500

181

OVERGROUND 9 FLOOR Farm 1:500

182

OVERGROUND 10 FLOOR Farm 1:500

183

OVERGROUND 11 FLOOR Farm 1:500

184

OVERGROUND 12 FLOOR Farm 1:500

185

OVERGROUND 13 FLOOR Farm 1:500

186

187